Origin: Colombia, Peru, Brazil, Guyana, Puerto Rico, United States
Character: Affectionate and fun
Life expectancy: 10 to 12 years
Height: 24 to 25 cm.
Content
Description:
The Canary-winged Parakeet(Brotogeris versicolurus) measured between 24 and 25 height cm. Single parakeet with yellow and white patch and blue tip on the wing
, tail green, long and acute (noticeable in flight).
Of overall green coloration, with belly opaque, front and sides of the head grey. It has no sexual dimorphism.
It is found in variety of habitats, humid forest, riparian, edges, stubble, open and urban areas, until 300 m (in Bolivia comes up to the 2700 m).
Abundant trees in cities and towns. They fly high, in pairs or small flocks to large.
Reproduction:
The breeding season includes the months between January and July in South America. The female places of 4 to 5 white eggs. The incubation hard of 23 to 26 days. Usually, the male can stay in the nest at night, but the incubation is main task of females.
It nests in tree hollows and decaying fruit capsules.
Food:
In their natural habitats, the Canary-winged Parakeet, feeds mainly on worms, flowers, seeds and fruit.
Distribution:
Its population is discontinuous. All the banks of the Amazon River, from the East of Ecuador to the South of the French Guiana.
You can also see them out of these places due to its introduction by release of pet; places such as Lima, California, Florida and Puerto Rico.
Conservation:
State of conservation ⓘ
Minor Concern ⓘ(UICN)ⓘ
It is not considered in any of the threat categories, its trade has decreased in recent decades.
Justification of the population:
The size of the world population Canary-winged Parakeet It has not been quantified, but this species is described as “common” (Stotz et to the. (1996).
Justification trend:
The population suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence of any reduction or substantial threats.
"Canary-winged Parakeet" in captivity:
Years ago it was a very common bird in captivity, at the present time is less.
RECALLS: NEVER COMMAND A PARAKEET IN THE CITY OR IN THE FIELD
aggressive with other bird species. However, It is possible to keep a group of birds of this species together in a large enough space. Easy of tame If it is manipulated from small. Communicates with their owners, making different sounds, for example, to greet us when we see, When you want food, etc.
They are not usually very noisy. Like to climb by what shall provide elements so you can make this activity. In hot season, supplied with a tray of water so that you can bathe.
Alternative names:
– Canary-winged Parakeet, White-winged Parakeet, Yellow-winged Parakeet (English).
– Toui à ailes variées, Conure à ailes blanches, Perruche à ailes blanches, Perruche à ailes jaunes, Toui à ailes jaunes (French).
– Weissflügelsittich (German).
– Periquito-de-asa-branca, periquito-castanha, periquito-da-asa-amarela, periquito-da-campina, periquito-das-ilhas, periquito-de-asas-amarelas, periquito-estrela (Portuguese).
– Catita Chirirí, Catita de patas amarillas, Catita Versicolor, Periquito Aliamarillo, Periquito Aliblanco, Periquito de Alas Blancas, Periquito Versicolor (español).
– Catita Chirirí, Catita de patas amarillas (Argentina).
– Periqquito aliblanco, Periquito Aliblanco (Colombia).
– Periquito Aliamarillo (Dominican Republic).
– Perico de Ala Amarilla (Peru).
The head of the Great hanging parrot(Loriculus stigmatus) is bright green, with bright red crown ending in a clear line across the rear of the crown not extending over the nape.
Green upperparts, lightly impregnated with yellowish-orange in the mantle; rump and uppertail coverts dark crimson. green wings; edge of the carpal bones with small red mark. The underwings of turquoise blue with small green coverts. The lower parts of bright green with red stripe below the Chin and throat Center. Upper, the Green tail; light blue below.
the black beak; pale-yellow IRIS; Pink-Orange legs.
Females lack Red Crown and has a narrow red bib; Iris can be darker.
Young birds lack the Red Crown, It has a bib less clear and more yellowish, yellow edges of the Carpus, and in general a duller Green.
Slight differences in the degree of the orange-yellow colour in the mantle of some populations of the island are not considered sufficient to differentiate them.
• Loriculus stigmatus stigmatus : The nominal.
• Loriculus stigmatus croconotus
• Loriculus stigmatus quadricolor
Habitat:
Little is known about the ecology of the species.. Possible seasonal movements have been observed. According to reports, not found in old-growth forest and most common along forest edges, in the open field, and sometimes around urban centers, until 1.000 meters above sea level. Birds move usually alone or in pairs, whether it is flying above or feeding on the trees in flower. Nest-holes in thick bamboo have been recorded.
Reproduction:
Reproductive activity has been reported in February, from April to June, and in August and October
The Great hanging parrot nests in cavities. It usually lays three eggs. The female incubates the egg during 20 days and after hatching the chicks take time to develop 33 more days
– Current IUCN Red List category: Least concern
– The population trend: Stable
The size of the world's population has not been quantified, Although it is estimated above 100.000 specimens. The species is reportedly common and widespread in most of its range. (pit et to the. 1997).
The population is suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence of any reduction or substantial threats.
"Great hanging parrot" in captivity:
Rare.
Alternative names:
– Sulawesi Hanging-Parrot, Black-billed Hanging-Parrot, Celebes Hanging Parrot, Celebes Hanging-Parrot, Celebes Spotted Hanging-Parrot, Great Hanging Parrot, Maroon-rumped Hanging-Parrot, Red-capped Hanging-Parrot, Sulawesi Hanging Parrot (ingles).
– Coryllis des Célèbes (French).
– Rotplättchen, Rotlättchen (German).
– Lorículo do Célebes (Portuguese).
– Lorículo Celebiano, Lorículo de Célebes (español).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Photos:
(1) – By Lip Kee Yap [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – male perched. by iggino – lynx
(3) – Birds-pet-wallpapers – link
(4) – male hanging by iggino – lynx
(5) – By F. Schulter – papageien.org
The head of the Brehm's Tiger-Parrot(Psittacella brehmii) is marron-oliva. The neck It is colored with black and green bars. The front and sides of the neck they are surrounded by a bright yellow stripe. The chest It is slightly striped in green and black colors.
The center of the back is very green and it integrates perfectly, with yellow and black striped, the area of the rump. Black fusion is absent from yellowish green to the extent lumbar and Hip. Wings they are a dark green color with dark edges in the covered medium-sized. The flight feather are blackish with vane a thin border beige and green external. The curvature of the wing is Bluestone. Wing feathers green.
The underparts are green, totally opaque, except the undertail-coverts that are of color red Scarlet. The bottom of the tail is green, greyish black down.
The bill It is brownish grey with lighter edges and a white tip. The irises is reddish orange. The legs are grey green.
The female lacks the yellow Crescent on the front of the neck. The chest listed in green and black.
Youth with the colors green and yellow absent from the chest area. Coverts of the tail of color orange tinged with tips yellow. The bill pale.
: Its underparts and back listing are more yellowish green tones, and larger.
Psittacella brehmii pallida
: As the nominal but with narrower peak.
Psittacella brehmii harterti
: It is clearer and less yellowish green head. Is smaller.
Habitat:
Are observed in the montane forest, including Podocarpus, beech forests of Nothofagus and edge of forests, mainly from 1.500 metres to the 2.600 m, ends in 1.100 and 3.800 m.
The Brehm's Tiger-Parrot is distributed primarily at altitudes below the habitat of the Painted Tiger-Parrot, but there is a zone in which they find sympathy latitudinally, and is between 2.500 and 3.000 m. Birds are often found individually or in small groups and allow an approximation.
You spend much time below the canopy or even close plants feeding on seeds and berries (including conifers and Podocarpus), Although also found in levels higher in the forest. Move slowly, often using his beak to balance and sometimes you can stay still. They only make short flights, never flying above the canopy.
Reproduction:
Little is known of nesting behavior, but two nestlings were observed in a nest during the month of June.
Food:
Diet includes seeds, coniferous berries and Podocarpus.
Distribution:
The Brehm's Tiger-Parrot they are endemic in New Guinea, where often live almost exclusively in mountain areas. Its range is divided into three isolated populations, an in Vogelkop, West Papua, the second in all the central and South-Eastern Highlands of New Guinea and the third in the mountains of the Huon Peninsula (the Painted Tiger-Parrot is absent and the Parrot Brehm Tiger is observed at altitudes higher than usual). The species is widespread, but generally uncommon; the world's population is believed to be superior to 100.000 specimens.
Distribution Subspecies
Psittacella brehmii brehmii
: The nominal.
Psittacella brehmii intermixta
: Is located in the central mountains of New Guinea.
Psittacella brehmii pallida
: Of the mountains of the southeast of New Guinea.
Psittacella brehmii harterti
: Occupies the Huon Peninsula (to the northeast of New Guinea).
Conservation:
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern
• Population trend: Stable
The size of the world's population has not been quantified, It is believed that it is superior to 100.000 specimens.
The species, according to sources, it is quite common and widespread (pit et to the. 1997).
The population is suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence of any reduction or substantial threats.
"Brehm's Tiger-Parrot" in captivity:
It is not a bird for the lovers of the aviaries since their mortality rate in captivity is very high.
Alternative names:
– Brehm’s Tiger-Parrot, Brehm’s Parrot, Brehm’s Tiger Parrot (ingles).
– Perruche de Brehm (French).
– Brehmpapagei, Brehm Papagei, Brehm-Papagei (German).
– Psittacella brehmii (Portuguese).
– Lorito de Brehm, Lorito tigre de Brehm, Lorito-tigre de Brehm (español).
46 cm. length and a weight between 680 and 800 g..
The head of the Pesquet's Parrot(Psittrichas fulgidus) is black, front without feathers, may be covered with small ruffled black feathers with a patch of stiff red feathers on the front of the legs ear-coverts. Nape, the mantle, back and tail blackish brown with fine pale edges.
Uppertail Red with black bases. Upper, black flight feathers, with large and medium-sized external coverts (except the innermost) and vane external Central flight feathers, red; Black primary coverts. Under, Black tail with red in the lower and medium coverts. More Brown on the top breast than in the rest, with a wavy effect to pale fringes to the feathers; belly, flanks and coverts red infracaudales. Upper, the black tail.
black beak; black skin of the face; dark brown irises; Blackish grey legs.
The female It lacks the red patch on the side of the head and is slightly smaller on average.
The Pesquet's Parrot are found mainly in the primary and secondary montane rain forest at an altitude between 600 and 1.200 m. However there are to the 2.000 m, and are occasional at altitudes as low as 50 m.
The species is thought, generally, they have a low density of population, finding the highest concentrations in forest areas relatively calm, where the birds are free from persecution.
These large and showy parrots, They are commonly found in pairs or in groups of up to 20 individuals, perched, usually, at the top of the exposed trees, or loud flying through or above the canopy.
Jump nervously around the Bush with quick flapping, and they can stay in the tops of emergent trees during a rain. It has been flying to settle on a solitary tree in the midst of the darkness.
Reproduction:
Reproductive habits in nature are unknown, but birds in breeding conditions have been observed in the months of February to May. In captivity a pair was observed to courting; There was a two-egg-laying, which were incubated by the female during 31 days, and the only chick, yellowish white, was fed by both parents.
During their feeding, the base of the beak can become covered with fruit pulp, and it is likely that extension of the exposed facial skin has evolved to avoid that feathers absorb from food scraps.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 278.000 km2
The species is unevenly distributed in montane forests, and is considered uncommon in most areas. World population is thought to be in decline, mainly due to hunting for food and feathers (that are more appreciated even than the feathers of the bird of paradise Paradisaeidae).
The introduction of weapons has significantly increased the pressure of the species in more densely populated areas. Live bird trade and habitat loss, It is also thought that they represent potential threats. There are a small number in captivity.
Conservation:
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Vulnerable
• Population trend: Decreasing
It is estimated that their population may be setting to the 42,000 birds.
This species is under severe pressure from the hunt for obtaining their colorful feathers, and to one degree lower for trade and meat. Hunting for feathers has increased with population growth and the increasing number of tourists. As a whole, These factors are suspected of being leading to a rapid and continuous reduction of the population of this species.
Conservation Actions Proposed:
– Conduct surveys to improve the accuracy of the estimate of the population.
– Investigation of the basic ecology of the species, especially any of their food.
– Investigate the trade in feathers.
– Monitor numbers at surveyed sites, as the crater of the mountain and Kikori.
– Numbers of monitors marketed domestically and internationally.
– Transport Control of threatened species in domestic flights.
– Run an education program to discourage tourists from buying feathers and artifacts.
– Investigate adequacy of a program to replace artificial or dyed feathers (Mack and Wright 1998) .
"Pesquet's Parrot" in captivity:
extremely rare.
Birds, even bred hand, may be difficult and aggressive with their caregiver; they can be a bit uncomfortable mainly due to their diet of fruit.
Alternative names:
– Pesquet’s Parrot, Vulturine Parrot (ingles).
– Psittrichas de Pesquet, Perroquet de Pesquet (French).
– Borstenkopf (German).
– Papagaio-de-pesquet (Portuguese).
– Loro Aguileño (español).
The Bluebonnet(Northiella haematogaster) they have the forecrown, lores and face, blue-violet color. The rest of the head, the chest, the layer, the back and rump It has a beautiful ochre mixed with yellow belly. The abdominal area It is covered by a large red spot.
The curvature of the wings is blue, most of the coverts are a key olive. The outermost feathers are purplish blue. The the wing lower and flight feather they are also blue-purple. The tail color is greenish bronze but the outer feathers they are blue-purple with white tips.
The bill grayish white is; the irises pale grey; legs grey.
The females they are more off, with less blue in the face and a pale bar on the wing
.
The immature they resemble females, but the stain abdominal Red is more discrete. The immature plumage is lost after few months. The chicks have the bill yellow.
(Bonaparte 1856) – The curvature of the wing is turquoise blue and the blankets they are redheads. The underparts is red
Northiella haematogaster pallescens
(Salvadori 1891) – The plumage It is similar to the nominal, but the underparts they are paler.
*
Northiella haematogaster narethae
(White,HL 1921) – The forecrown is blue, and has spots on the chest. The upperparts color is olive, the underparts is yellow with reddish color underneath the tail. Small outer covers red.
* A molecular study published in 2015 by Gaynor Dolman and Leo Joseph He confirmed the genetic isolation of the subspecies Northiella haematogaster narethae and recommended that it was restored as a separate species, the Naretha Bluebonnet(Northiella narethae)
Habitat:
The Bluebonnet frequent arid and semi-arid forests dominated by trees of the genus Myoporum, which are perennial shrubs and resistant to salt and drought.
They also appreciate the conifer and the casuarinas that you are home to colonies of caterpillars. They have a certain affection for the acacias and eucalyptus, especially if the weed is made up of small quenopodios.
The Bluebonnet they often visit the grassy plains, dry brush and trees lining the river. Sometimes they come to buildings, farms or small ponds.
In the South of its range, the removal of waste bags of Mallee, located on agricultural land, It seems to have had a very important influence.
The Bluebonnet they live in pairs or in small groups. When resent, loud disperse, but they remain on the ground a short distance from the trees. In the event of alarm, they raise the feathers of her eyebrows.
These birds are very enable, especially early in the morning when the boisterous groups are formed, just before his departure to feed. They are able to run very fast and have a very characteristic straight posture.. They are less active during the heat of the day, staying on the ground in silence.
The Western populations They seem to form larger groups, showing more sociability than the Eastern. They tend to get together with other species of parrots, such as the Mulga Parrot, Pale-headed Rosella and Mallee Ringneck.
During the spawning, the Bluebonnet carried out parades such as greetings with head, movements of the tail and eating ritual exchanges. They also have a ceremonial flight consisting of small flapping.
Reproduction:
The season of nesting extends from July to December, with some variations depending on the rains. The nest is located in a cavity in a tree, except in the subspecies narethae to use scrubby trees, being their favorite nesting place a nest on the ground in a crack in the base of a trunk. This subspecies usually gives preference to a tree of the genus acacia (Acacia papyrocarpa) family Fabaceae.
The spawning contains 4-7 eggs with one incubation lasts a few 19 days. The young chicks are born without feathers and remain in place of birth at least during 30 days.
The world population is probably superior to the 100.000 individuals, although the Western subspecies Nanthae You can have less than 5.000 specimens, having suffered for their catch in the past.
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern
• Population Trend: Decreasing
In accordance with the Manual of the birds of the world (Handbook of the Birds of the World, HBW), the Bluebonnet they are not globally threatened. Son fairly common, except at the extremes of its range. But, the elucidation of native plants must be stopped if we want to preserve the food resources and nesting places.
The spread of the Common Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) It is a real danger in some areas. The subspecies Narethae is prized by poachers and the lots of beautiful feathers.
The proliferation of rabbits and Lagomorphs threatens the equilibrium of the habitat.
"Bluebonnet" in captivity:
The Bluebonnet they were classified for more than one hundred years within the genus Psephotus. On the basis of some essential differences with the species Psephotus, they are currently classified within the independent genre Northiella.
The parakeet more required by lovers of Australian parakeets, are likely to be the Bluebonnet, Although the subspecies Naretha is very rare and scarce. The Bluebonnet pure breed, they are virtually non-existent in Europe.
There are many Bluebonnet non-purebred, since they often interbreed with the of red-bellied (Northiella haematogaster haematorrhoa). The birds that have tones rojas in the coverts infracaudales non-purebred. Be very careful when making their acquisitions.
The first breeding success of the nominal species dates back to the year 1878, in France. With the subspecies of red-bellied (Northiella haematogaster haematorrhoa) also data from 1878, but this time in Belgium.
The first breeding results with the subspecies Northiella narethae they date from 1941 in Australia.
Are capricious in nature. The big problem is that of aggression since they are probably the most aggressive of all the Australian parakeets. Males, above all, they are the protagonists of this bad reputation. Therefore other birds not can be joined with the Bluebonnet, even larger birds.
The aggressiveness of the male reaches their own partner, the Aviary must take into account this, the female should be able to take refuge in case of attack. On the other hand, they are very animated and jugetones.
You spend much time on the ground looking for food, they are moderate rodents and are lovers of bath.
According to sources, a sample lived 15,3 years in captivity. In captivity, these animals have been known that they be reproduced in approximately 2 years of age.
Alternative names:
– Bluebonnet, Blue Bonnet, Blue-Bonnet, Bluebonnet Parakeet, Bulloak Parrot, Common Bluebonnet, Common Bluebonnet Parrot, Crimson-bellied Parakeet, Crimson-bellied Parrot, Eastern or Western Bluebonnet, Little Bluebonnet, Naretha Bluebonnet, Naretha Parrot, Oak Parrot, Pallid Parrot, Red-bellied Bluebonnet, Red-vented Bluebonnet, Yellow-vented Bluebonnet, Yellow-vented Parrot (ingles).
– Perruche à bonnet bleu, Bonnet bleu, Perruche à bonnet bleu ou P. de Nareth (French).
– Blutbauchsittich (German).
– Periquito-de-bluebonnet (Portuguese).
– Perico Azul, Perico Cariazul (español).
Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
Birdlife
Photos:
(1) – To Blue Bonnett in the Cocoparra National Park (near Griffith), NSW, Australia By David Cook Wildlife Photography [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Bluebonnet (Northiella haematogaster) Birdsville Track, South AustraliaBy by Ron Knight – Flickr
(3) – Northiella haematogaster, Photo by Benjamint444 – Animalia Etymology of animal name
(4) – Bluebonnet/Blue Bonnet/Crimson-bellied Parrot – animalphotos
(5) – Blue Bonnet Fact Sheet 26 May 2011, Windorah. QLD – travelling-australia.info
(Alexander, 1909) – Darker and slightly larger than the subspecies Psittacus timneh timneh, although its size is still below the Grey Parrot(Psittacus erithacus). The feathers of the tail are as red as those of Grey Parrot, but marked by a greater contrast with the almost black feathers body, giving a different impression this subspecies. The eyes are yellow, the bill It is black and legs are dark gray.
Although they normally inhabit the dense forests, they are also usually seen at the edges of forests, clear, gallery forest, mangroves, tree-lined sheets, cultivated areas, and even the gardens, Although it is not clear if it's self-sustaining populations.
You can do seasonal movements out of the drier areas of its distribution in the station area dry.
Sometimes travel long distances to feed. They nest in hollow trees high above the ground. Found in small flocks of a few dozen, usually no more. Flocks of birds can be noisy.
Reproduction:
Little known difference with regard to the Grey Parrot.
The breeding season is usually from November to April in the westernmost areas of west africal, probably, especially during the season dry.
During the season of breeding they put in 2 to 4 eggs, every two or three days. These hatch in 28-30 days and the young are independent in 12 to 14 weeks.
Food:
In the wild, the Timneh Parrot they eat seeds, nuts, fruits and vegetables. they climb trees, instead of flying, to collect food and keep it with one leg while eating. They enjoy eating the external Walnut meat of the Palm oil, and have been observed eating snails.
In West Africa, his hobby is known for beads, attacking cornfields and becoming considered pests in certain places.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 541.000 km2
They are distributed in the West, in the humid forest areas of the Upper Guinea and bordering savannahs of West Africa from Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone and South of Mali to the East of Ivory Coast, at least a 70 kilometers to the East of the bandama river.
The wild population is distributed along with the species nominal in Abidjan, Ivory Coast.
(Fraser, 1844) – Nominal. South of Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia, as well as the western part of Ivory Coast. There are also smaller groups Guinea Bissau and Mali. Populations Senegal They have disappeared fish trade.
Its population is estimated between 100,000 and 500,000 exemplary and decreasing.
The P. erithacus, before the division of the timneh, He was put in the Appendix II of CITES with all Psittaciformes in 1981 at the request of Switzerland and Liechtenstein. Due to concerns about the effects of the large number of this species traded, It was the subject of a review of significant trade of the CITES, in which was listed as “possible concern” (Inskipp et to the. 1988).
The Animals Committee of the CITES he imposed a sanction of two years from January of 2007 on exports of timneh from four countries of West Africa (Ivory Coast, Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea), and banned the import of wild birds into the EU in 2007 (Anon 2011).
In 2009 Guinea exported 720 timneh, Despite having a share of 0 (Anonymous 2011).
The controlled legal trade by CITES may represent only a small proportion of total numbers caught in the wild.
The species is found in a number of protected areas.
A PhD study assessed the distribution, abundance and the impacts of trade and habitat loss for the timneh started in 2011 (Anon 2011).
Conservation Actions Proposed:
• Ensure that proposed trade restrictions are enforced.
• Monitor wild populations to determine ongoing trends..
"Timneh Parrot" in captivity:
Poultry are known in a manner abbreviated as TAG (Timneh African grey).
The Parrot Timneh is equivalent in intelligence and ability of his Congo counterpart, the Grey Parrot, being, generally, less nervous and with a great ability to imitate sounds (they often learn to imitate human sounds before the Grey Parrot). They can have a wide vocabulary of hundreds of words.
Unlike the Parrot Yaco, their voices are not an exact replica of the voice of the person you are copying. The Timneh Parrot they have their own special little voice.
Alternative names:
– Timneh Parrot, Gray Parrot (Timneh), Sierra Leone Gray Parrot, Sierra Leone Grey Parrot, Zambesi Green Pigeon (English).
– Perroquet timneh (French).
– Timnehgraupapagei (German).
– papagaio-timneh (Portuguese).
– Loro timneh, Loro Gris de Cola Vinagre (español).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Photos:
(1) – Timneh African Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus timneh) Pet parrot sanding on a cage By Peter Fuchs (Flickr) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Two pet Timneh African Grey Parrots perching on a man’s arm By rebeccakoconnor (originally posted to Flickr as Timneh Greys) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Timneh African Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus timneh). A pet parrot standing on a cage. Photo shows the maroon tail feathers By Peter Fuchs (originally posted to Flickr as henry tired) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – A Timneh African Grey Parrot at Birds of Eden, South Africa By Graham (originally posted to Flickr as IMG_0972) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – A Timneh African Grey Parrot that is allowed to fly free in Tropical Birdland, Leicestershire, England I, Snowmanradio [GFDL or CC-BY-SA-3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) Ilustración by Judy Maré – Africa Geographic Magazine
Origin: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Myanmar (Burma), Nepal, Thailand, Viet Nam
Character: Quiet
Life expectancy: 15 to 20 years.
Height: 30 to 36 cm..
Content
Description:
Of 30 to 36 cm.. length between 85 and 90 g. of weight.
The Blossom-headed Parakeet(Psittacula roseata) has the forecrown, lores, cheeks and ear-coverts mauve-pink, fading to pale blue in the lower cheeks, the sides of neck, the crown and back neck, with wide black stripes as “mustache” to form a narrow collar between black blue head and green body;nape bright green fading to a duller green on upperparts.
Upperwing-coverts, mostly green with a brown patch coverts smaller and medium; greater coverts outer and alula darker green. The primaries dark green (darker in vane inner) with a margin yellowish narrow in them vane outer.
Underwing-coverts green. The underparts pale green. Uppertail, centrally bright blue, with creamy white tip; outer feathers green on vane outer, yellowish-green on inner, tipped yellow; undertail-coverts dull yellowish.
upper jaw orange-yellow, the lower black: cere whitish; irises yellowish white; legs gray-green.
The female has the head pale blue-gray, without “moustache” black and collar ring replaced by yellow opaque olive extending from the nape, around the sides of neck; tail slightly shorter. The upper jaw yellow, the lower dark grey.
The immature has the head greenish, the gray tint chin and the bill yellowish to the 15 months, when both sexes develop similar to plumage adult female; the males acquires adult plumage at about 30 months.
Once considered the same species Psittacula cyanocephala, where he was often wrongly classified as Psittacula cyanocephala rosa.
Psittacula roseata juneae
(Biswas, 1951) – Like species nominal, but the overall color body It is yellower; more extensive stain or red patch shoulder; central feathers tail paler color, side feathers tail yellower.
The Blossom-headed Parakeet inhabit open forests, including Savannah, secondary forests, forest edge, clear and cultivated land. Partially deforested areas persists and seems to prefer forest edges adjacent farm.
Mainly observed in the lowlands to about 1.500 meters above sea level. Usually, in small flocks, form larger congregations where food is plentiful. He joins mixed flocks with Rose-ringed Parakeet, the Plum-headed Parakeet and Red-breasted Parakeet and form communal roosts in dense vegetation.
Reproduction:
The nests This species is found in tree cavities, usually at a moderate height; they can dig the hole themselves or modify old nests of other species (for example, woodpeckers or barbets).
Nest usually in colonies of several couples. The laying is of 4-5 (rarely six); eggs are more spherical than those of other congeners. The breeding season It is from January to April (May sometimes).
Food:
Foods are reported: wild flowers and Granada, nectar, including grain sorghum and corn, fruits such as figs and apricots, red peppers and chard seeds. Their diet is very similar to the Plum-headed Parakeet.
Distribution:
Distributed by the foothills of Himalaya Oriental until Indochina. Of Sikkim (India) and South of Bhutan through Assam until Bengal and Bangladesh and east along the north and center Burma, South of China (Yunnan, Guangxi and Guangdong province), Thailand, Laos, Kampuchea and Viet Nam.
Mainly sedentary with seasonal movements in southwest Burma, where Blossom-headed Parakeet They are common in the months of March and April, but otherwise few months, generally common despite apparent decline in some areas (for example, Thailand and Burma), mainly due to large-scale deforestation, and persecution. Few in Viet Nam.
Resident but with some local movements in relation to the food supply.
Held captive and apparently the subject of strong catch in some parts.
Subspecies distribution
Psittacula roseata juneae
(Biswas, 1951) – From East Bangladesh to the North of Burma and east through southern China, Thailand, Laos, Kampuchea and Viet Nam.
This species has been upgraded from Least concern due to new information on population trends. It is listed as Near-threatened on the grounds that it is experiencing rapid moderate decline due to habitat loss, unsustainable levels of exploitation and hunting pressure.
This species has suffered greatly loss of habitat (Forshaw 2006), What, in combination with capture for trade bird cage and general persecution as a pest, have caused the Blossom-headed Parakeet it becomes rare or rare in Thailand (pit et to the. 1997, Juniper and Parr 1998) and Myanmar (Juniper and Parr 1998).
The size of the world's population has not been quantified, but the species according to sources, has a population variable through its range
International trade records showed that 836 birds were exported between 1981 and 1985, but this increased to 6.873 birds between 1986-1990, mainly Viet Nam and Thailand (pit et to the. 1997).
In Laos, habitat encroachment has been so severe in the lowlands, few remaining areas large enough so that the nests Blossom-headed Parakeet they can escape from theft, and there is little active effort to reduce this pressure (JW Duckworth in litt. 2013).
In Cambodia, changes in land use in the lowlands have been too quickly (RJ Timmins in litt. 2013), and it is expected that the intended conversion bosque deciduous Dry for agribusiness plantations may cause a decrease of 30% or more in the national population of this species in the next 20 years (F. Goes in some. 2013).
Actions ongoing:
The species is known to occur in some protected areas, as the Kirirom National Park, Cambodia (F. Goes in some. 2013).
Conservation actions proposed:
– Conduct periodic surveys to track broad population trends.
– Monitor the rates of loss and degradation of habitat.
– Quantify the impact of harvesting for trade.
– List CITES listed species.
– Increase the area of ​​suitable habitat that are protected.
– Carry out awareness raising activities to discourage theft of nests and capture.
"Blossom-headed Parakeet" in captivity:
The Blossom-headed Parakeet It is a rare bird and very expensive, requiring experienced breeders. Immature of this species are nearly identical to those of the Slaty-headed Parakeet and Plum-headed Parakeet, so when buying an immature Blossom-headed Parakeet, be sure to do so only from a reputable breeder.
To ensure breeding success, each partner should have their own aviary. No house them with Plum-headed Parakeet wave Slaty-headed Parakeet, in order to avoid hybridisation.
The Blossom-headed Parakeet, generally, they are not aggressive with other smaller birds, usually calm and they are not very destructive to wood. The female is, usually, the dominant bird; reach breeding age at about the age of 3 years. New pairs should be introduced several months before the start of the breeding season so that the birds have enough time to establish a strong bond with each other.. A good pair bond will usually translate into better breeding results.. However, are very difficult birds to breed in captivity.
Since Blossom-headed Parakeet It is so rare, we should consider well managed breeding programs, before acquiring one of these copies for your particular pet enjoy. This Parrot You need constant training and behavioral counseling from an early age to ensure its potential owners the enjoyment of a free bird destructive habits and annoying.
Alternative names:
– Blossom-headed Parakeet, Blossom headed Parakeet, Eastern Blossom-headed Parakeet (English).
– Perruche à tête rose (French).
– Rosenkopfsittich (German).
– Periquito-de-cabeça-rosa (Portuguese).
– Cotorra Carirrosa, Cotorra de Cara Rosada (español).
The Maroon-fronted Parrot(Rhynchopsitta terrisi) It has a size slightly larger than the Thick-billed Parrot. Its bill is large, hooked and curved black. Of tail short in comparison to other members of the family, by high green and below Brown gray. Upright perching, legs short but strong and the fingers toes zigodactilos, i.e. two toes forward and two backwards. Is bright green, slightly more clear and yellowish on the cheekbones and ears. It has a patch brown in the forecrown, red spots on the shoulders and in the the thighs.
The color of the irises in adults is yellow amber, While in juveniles is coffee. The eye ring is yellow. below the wings they have red border. The rest of the inside of the wings darker Green is. The legs they are greyish.
Both sexes of similar shape and color. Immature with eyes browns and bill paler.
It lives in temperate with dry winter climates, to high altitudes ranging from the 1,900 to the 3,000 m, exceptionally a 1.300 meters and 3.700 m, in mountainous regions with pine forest (Pinus duranguensis, Pinus ayacahuite, and Pinus arizonica among others), forest of Pine-oak (Pinus spp.. and Quercus spp..), isolated forest fragments of pure FIR (Abies spp..), or mixed forests of oyamel, firs (Pseudotsuga spp..) and poplars (Populus tremuloides). Forests may be at the top of the mountains, open areas or be part of abrupt cliffs and crags land.
The Maroon-fronted Parrot is a Diurnal with activity social. To the nestsr meets in large flocks, at times of until 100 individuals and to build their nest, Unlike in the Thick-billed Parrot, don't use holes in treesbut cavities and cracks in the rock of the cliffs. With pairs once a year with a single partner throughout the reproductive season. Form flocks to find their food. These groups tend to fly at low altitude moving long distances in search of trees with fruits and seeds that can be eaten. It is also possible to find lonely couples looking for food. They sleep in community, flocking on inaccessible crags. Individuals within the flock to communicate by means of strong vocals similar to harsh squawks and squeaks, While they are looking for food or to warn of threats. In general, the species of this family are known to be noisy, especially when they are in groups.
You know when these birds are approximated by the noises that make, the group flies in a flock that forms an “open V”. The reproductive colony You can move up to 30 km to find food, If it is scarce. With enough food available near the nests, just move in 3 to 5 daily km.
Reproduction:
The breeding season It between July and November. To build the nest using cracks and voids in high limestone crags and they tend to use the same sites year after year to nest. The colony nests above the 1,300 and 1,700 m.
They put between 2 and 5 eggs (average is 2.7) between mid-June and late July. When is food scarce, drastically reduces the production of broilers. The female incubates eggs between 24 and 27 days which hatch between early September and late October. Since they are born until they fly chicks they remain in the nest for approximately two months, being fed and cared for by both parents. Of all the eggs laid and incubated in the colony only the 60% fledged young occur. The chicks are bred in sync with the maturation of pine seeds, It usually occurs in late summer and autumn.
Its beak is specially adapted to extract seeds from the cones (pine nuts) of Pine. When are pine seeds scarce, include in your diet oak acorns (Quercus spp..) and Guatemalan FIR seeds (Abies spp..). Their diet also includes capulin fruits (Prunus capuli) and flowers of Agave Nectar. In general the diet of both species, the Eastern Mountain Parrot and the Thick-billed Parrot es similar. The Maroon-fronted Parrot has the habit of eating dirt (geophagy) in clay banks.
Full range of approximately 300 km from North to South, with an average of 60 kilometers from West to East and breeding pairs, possibly, only in the North third.
Similar to the Thick-billed Parrot, ago seasonal movements (Although probably less extensive) in response to the availability of pine seeds, apparently being distributed to the South of their range only between October and April (old reports of the Thick-billed Parrot in Veracruz they may belong to this species).
Rare, very local and extinct in many areas. Now limited to restricted areas in the few pine forests that remain (probably around 7.000 km² of forests within the 18.000 km² of its range, they are suitable).
The decrease in its population is mainly due to the loss of habitat by logging, the Agriculture, the burning and the grazing, Although their habits of nesting on cliffs, It avoids the need of old or dead trees. Selective logging can reduce the diversity of pine trees and therefore the availability of food.
Conservation:
In 1981 they were estimated between 2,000 and 3,000 individuals of this species.
State of conservation ⓘ
Endangered ⓘ(UICN)ⓘ
• Red List category of the UICN current: In danger of extinction
• Population trend: Decreasing
In 1997 ranked in the The Taray sanctuary, in Coahuila de Zaragoza as the reproductive Center of the species for having been found there near 100 reproductive couples. A 16 km from there, in a place known as Condos the second largest colony was located with 60 couples.
Census continued and in 1999, the population was estimated at a minimum of 2,500 individuals.
One recent census based on the large flocks threw an account of approximately 3,500 individuals of Eastern Mountain Parrot.
The main threat facing the Maroon-fronted Parrot is the destruction and modification of their habitat, mainly due to actions such as agriculture, livestock, logging (to produce wood and paper) and forest fires.
Its current Habitat is very limited, as well as the area of its distribution as an endemic species that is.
The deforestation continues to diminish more and more forests mountain of the region, and unfortunately the recovery or regeneration of these forests is poor compared to pine forests in other parts of the country, which is probably due to the layer of soil of the region is thin and Rocky and scarce rain.
In 2006, a forest fire devastated about 2,000 It has pine forest in the Sierra, destroying trees that provided food to the Parrot and causing a decrease in the number of chickens raised in the era of nidation. Additionally, when the average size of the trees that make up a forest is reduced and also the area occupied by seed production decreases and the number of defective cones increases, Finally affecting to the Maroon-fronted Parrot that feeds on the seeds.
Exist protected natural areas on Sierra Madre Oriental that protect and preserve to the Maroon-fronted Parrot.
In the year 2000 the National Consultative Technical Subcommittee for the protection, Conservation and recovery of the Psitacidae, developed the Conservation project, Management and sustainable utilization of the Psitacidae in Mexico (PREP), in which we considered both mountain parrots as priorities for conservation.
The species of Thick-billed Parrot (R. pachyrhyncha) and Maroon-fronted Parrot (R. terrisi), they are considered from 2008 as priority species in the Species at risk conservation program (NATIONAL HERO) of the National Commission of Protected Natural Areas (CONANP). Due to their biological similarities and a common problem, both were included in a single PACE (Programmes of action for the conservation of species), after the Subcommittee on Psitacidae carried out the Workshop of species identification of priority Psitacidae to be included in a PACE, document that contains, among other aspects related to the biology of the species, the objectives, goals and strategies for the conservation of both Mountain parrots.
Conservation actions have also been made in the field of the environmental education.
at the end of 2008, in the framework of the Program for the conservation of species at risk (NATIONAL HERO), seven locations of the Cumbres de Monterrey National Park they conducted environmental education activities with the Maroon-fronted Parrot as a priority species.
Perhaps the most important conservation measure, the publication is the 14 in October of 2008, in the Official Journal of the Federation, the decree that reforms to the General wildlife law (Decree Art. 60 Bis 2) What prohibits the capture of parrots and macaws from Mexico. The law prohibits the extractive use subsistence or commercial, export, the import or re-export of these native species of the country. With this law is protected 22 bird species of the family Psittacidae in Mexico. The violation of the above provision, is in a federal crime that is punished with prison, through a penalty ranging from 1 to 9 years in prison and up to 12 years if the offence is committed within a protected natural area or is done for commercial purposes.
Source: Site on the network of knowledge on birds of Mexico
"Maroon-fronted Parrot" in captivity:
The mountainous region of Wood, Chihuahua, It has been inhabited since makes 1500 years by the ethnic groups that built the "cliff houses", those who originally were hunters and gatherers. The archaeological remains of Paquimé, to 350 km to the Northwest of the city of Chihuahua and half a kilometer from Large houses they indicate that the region had a dedicated trade to the production of feathers from macaws, shells, ceramic and copper among others, the being first settlers in capture and breed, both the Eastern Mountain Parrot as to the Thick-billed Parrot.
In the conquest increased interest in capturing individuals from the family of the parrots. Starting at the century XVI, they gained greater popularity among Mexicans, mainly as pets.
During the 20th century This intense trade, In addition to the illegal traffic, has resulted from 1970 and 1982, Mexico It was the largest exporter of live birds to the pet trade coming from the countries of the Neotropics, exporting on average 14,500 Mexican parrots, annually a United States.
During the period of 1981 to 1985United States imported a minimum of 703 thousand parrots; and still in 1987 Mexico was the largest source of smuggling of wild birds. In addition only between 1982 and 1983, 104,530 individuals the family were captured in Mexico for the internal domestic market.
Sale as pets is illegal.
Alternative names:
– Maroon-fronted Parrot, Maroon fronted Parrot (English).
– Conure à front brun, Perriche à front brun, Perruche à front brun (French).
– Maronenstirnsittich, Maronenstirn-Sittich (German).
– Papagaio-de-fronte-castanha (Portuguese).
– Cotorra Serrana Oriental, Cotorra-serrana Oriental (español).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– CONABIO. 2011. Priority species sheets. Maroon-fronted Parrot (Rhynchopsitta terrisi). National Commission of Protected Natural Areas and National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity, Mexico D.F.
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