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History
The “Russkiy Toy” it is a recent breed of dog, but its history began in the 18th century, in Russia, with the importation of many English Toy Terrier. One of them was even adopted by Emperor Peter I the Great (1672-1725), durante los Ćŗltimos aƱos de su vida y su reinado.
During the 18th and 19th centuries, the popularity of Toy Terrier rose among the Russian aristocracy. They became an essential element, y a principios del siglo XX se habĆan convertido claramente en un sĆmbolo de prestigio. Participating in cultural events and social gatherings with a well-behaved little dog became the norm of the good society of the time.
Although many of these dogs were imported from Great Britain, la mayorĆa nacieron en Rusia, y un programa de crĆa suelta ya habĆa comenzado a diferenciarlos gradualmente de sus antepasados. Presentes en las exposiciones caninas rusas desde hace algĆŗn tiempo, they began to officially call each other Russian toy terriers at an exhibition held in St. Petersburg in 1907, where they were exposed 11 specimens.
The revolution of 1917 I was going to change things: associated with the aristocracy, the Russian Toy Terrier experienced a sudden and brutal decline, that left him on the brink of extinction. A few breeders tried to preserve the breed, pero se enfrentaron a muchas dificultades en una Ć©poca en la que la crĆa de perros estaba dirigida por el rĆ©gimen, which instead encouraged the development of dogs that could be used by the military.
The death of Josef Stalin in 1953 alivió las restricciones y algunos criadores de MoscĆŗ, St. Petersburg, Svendlosk and Irkutsk were able to revive the breed. But after 40 years, no habĆa mĆ”s ejemplares con ascendencia perfectamente conocida y caracterĆsticas puras, so they had to start from scratch, a partir de individuos con caracterĆsticas similares a los conocidos anteriormente.
The year 1958 marked a turning point for the breed, when a guy named Chicky was born with long hair and fringed ears and tail. Until then, todos los representantes de la raza tenĆan un pelaje liso y corto. La criadora Yevghenina Zharova quiso preservar estas caracterĆsticas y lo cruzó con una hembra con un pelaje mĆ”s largo que la media e inició un programa de crĆa especĆfico. His initiative was crowned with success: starting at 1966 y de la creación de un estĆ”ndar especĆfico, these dogs were considered as belonging to a breed other than the Russian Toy Terrier and they were called Toy Terrier de pelo largo de MoscĆŗ.
The year 1988 marked another turning point, because the Russian Cynological Federation (RKF), the reference organization in Russia, then decided to unify short hair and long hair again under the same standard, considering them as two varieties of the same breed.
In the following years, tras la caĆda del telón de acero en 1989, the first copies of Russian Toy Terrier They were able to go out to conquer Europe and the breed began to develop, en particular en Finlandia y en los paĆses del Este.
However, the opening of the borders also brought about the entry of new breeds into Russia, who replaced local dogs in the hearts of dog lovers. As a result, en la dĆ©cada de 1990, this dog was again on the brink of extinction in Russia. However, on the one hand, ya se habĆa impuesto en el extranjero y, for another, los criadores rusos consiguieron mantener un acervo genĆ©tico suficiente en su paĆs para mantener la raza sana.
In the first decade of 2000, things sped up. In 2006, the FƩdƩration Cynologique Internationale (FCI) recognized the breed provisionally and gave it the official name of Russkiy Toy, removing the name of Terrier. Two years later, in 2008, a breed club was founded in the United States (Russian Toy Club of America), and that same year the United Kennel Club (UKC) American also accepted the breed. El American Kennel Club (AKC) did the same in 2010 by including it in your Foundation Stock Service (FSS), a step prior to full recognition.
In 2017, the Russkiy Toy obtained the definitive recognition of the FCI, asĆ como del famoso Kennel Club (KC) British. In fact, hoy en dĆa estĆ” reconocido por la mayorĆa de las grandes organizaciones caninas nacionales – is the case, in particular, del Canadian Kennel Club (CKC), for example.
Today, the AKC is present in almost all of Europe, but it is still rare in the United States, which explains why the final recognition of the AKC is still pending.
In Great Britain, annual records around the KC have been around 50 since the acceptance of the breed in 2017.
This figure is higher in France, where they were registered between 100 and 150 nacimientos en el Libro de OrĆgenes francĆ©s (LOF) in 2010, which shows that this dog, aunque siga siendo relativamente discreto en el paĆs, ha conseguido encontrar su pĆŗblico.
Photo: One Russkiy Toy of 20 meses by Skest at German Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Physical characteristics
The Russkiy Toy bears his name well, as it belongs to the smallest dog breeds in the world on the particular sides of the Chihuahua, del que comparte varias caracterĆsticas.
Its square body with a raised belly is higher at the neck than the rump. The extremities, de huesos finos y mĆŗsculos delgados, they are quite long, giving the impression that they are high on the legs. The tail is relatively short, carried in the shape of a sickle or saber, and fringed in the case of long-haired dogs. In areas where tail docking is permitted, docked tail is accepted, as long as a stump is left with 2 a 4 vertebrae.
The head is small in proportion to the body, with a clearly marked stop. The muzzle is pointed and ends in a preferably black nose. The eyes are large, round and very expressive. your colour must be as darkest as possible. The ears, which are a distinctive feature of the breed, They are set high and sustained. Big and thin, they form two isosceles triangles in the skull. The long-haired variety is covered with long, thick hair that falls in a plume shape.
This dog has no undercoat. However, upper hair differs from dog to dog, to the point that there are two varieties of the breed: the one with straight hair is short, smooth and shiny, while the one with long hair has a medium length (of 3 a 5 cm.). Estos últimos también tienen flecos en las orejas y en la cola, that cover the entire outside of the ear when mature.
Multiple coat colors are allowed: black and tan, Brown and fire, Blue and fire, lilac and fire, and red with blue, brown or black. There are also some smooth dogs: his fur is red, leonado or cream. El color mÔs común es el negro y el fuego.
Last, there is no real sexual dimorphism in this breed: males and females are roughly the same size and appearance.
Size and weight
Size: 20 – 28 cm.
Weight: 1 – 3 kg
Varieties
National and international canine associations usually distinguish between two varieties of Russkiy Toy: the of smooth hair, sometimes called shorthair, and the of Longhair. Although it is not usual, since the breeders of Russkiy Toy they usually specialize in one or the other, these varieties can be crossed: then mixed litters are obtained, composed of both short-haired and long-haired individuals.
The long-haired variety, con sus flecos especĆficos en las orejas, is the most sought after by fans, y tambiĆ©n la mĆ”s comĆŗn. It has a semi-long coat (between 3 and 5 cm.) in the body, mientras que la cola y las orejas estĆ”n cubiertas de un pelaje largo y espeso que forma unos flecos caracterĆsticos.
The straight hair variety, on the other hand, has a short smooth shiny looking top coat. Historically, the first representatives of the breed were all short-haired.
None of the varieties of Russkiy Toy has undercoat. In general, apart from its fur, son perfectamente idĆ©nticos en cuanto a carĆ”cter y caracterĆsticas fĆsicas.
Character and skills
The Russkiy Toy he is incredibly loving and close to his family, with which you want to spend as much time as possible. Your attachment can even turn into possessiveness and, if i wasn't well socialized, can be overtly threatening (insofar as your size allows) towards those who get too close to their master. He also tends to distrust strangers, at least at the beginning: if you see that they are invited to the house, quickly curious to know more about them.
If you are able to stay alone for a few hours, will quickly become anxious if absent for a long time (especialmente si esto ocurre casi todos los dĆas) and can then behave destructively. The presence of a small companion in the home can be a pertinent solution to help you not see time pass when your master is at work and reduce the risk of separation anxiety.. Usually, your pet will get along with other animals, already be partners, cats, rodents or reptiles, y esto suele ser asĆ incluso con los que no viven en tu casa. However, be careful not to be disturbed or scared by this barking and hyperactive puppy. And don't forget that a cat is usually much bigger, quick and better armed in case of discussion…
In any case, lives perfectly in an apartment, as long as your need for exercise is met. Esta Ćŗltima es ademĆ”s relativamente consecuente por su tamaƱo, ya que es necesario recorrerla al menos media hora al dĆa. In other words, carry you in a bag, in a dog stroller or even in the arms of its owner is not the best gift that can be given, since you need to stretch your legs. However, si vive en una casa con jardĆn en el campo, puede ser peligroso dejarlo solo en el jardĆn, because its size makes it a potential prey for many wild animals: birds Raptors, foxes, weasels…
Like other miniature dog breeds, no es realmente consciente de esto Ćŗltimo, so it is able to put itself in dangerous situations. No doubt, for example, to provoke a dog that weighs more than 20 times its weight, without worrying about the possible consequences. Therefore, it is better to lead him on a leash when he goes out and teach him to curb his burning.
To the smart Russkiy Toy he likes to be stimulated intellectually. Dog games and puzzles can be a great way to keep him busy while his owners are out and about., and loves to learn new tricks. You can also participate in dog sports such as obedience and agility, but its small size makes it difficult to compete.
On the other hand, not recommended for families with young children. In effect, its small size and its fragility mean that it can be easily mistreated by the little ones, and the accident risks are very real – for the two protagonists, In addition. You can be seriously injured by a small car thrown at you in a moment of anger, just as he can respond by biting if his tail or ears are pulled. What's more, a dog should never be left alone unsupervised with a young child, and that is valid whatever your race.
Last, the Russkiy Toy barks often. Its high-pitched voice is an excellent alarm in case of threat, but it is also likely to quickly anger the neighbors.
Education
Like all its fellow men, the Russkiy Toy needs to be socialized from the first weeks. This is all the more important as you tend to be cautious: only successful socialization can allow you to become a sociable and balanced adult. Therefore, need to meet many people (family, friends…) but also other animals, be it dogs, cats or rodents.
The fact that he is intelligent and likes to be liked greatly facilitates his education. Learning to clean and remember orders is usually not a problem. If the family is patient and firm, it is possible to go much further, since they can also learn many tricks.
Positive reinforcement is the best method to reach and educate the best possible Russkiy Toy. The moods, caresses and treats are real motivations for him, and quickly learns to do everything possible to satisfy his Master.
In fact, the Russkiy Toy It is a breed of dog adapted for a beginner, pero su amo nunca debe olvidar que un perro necesita un lĆder que lo dirija. Este papel de lĆder, it is he who must exercise it. Su compaƱero necesita lĆmites, which must be immutable, taxes from a very young age and consistent over time, asĆ como de un miembro de la familia a otro. If he is allowed to do what he wants when he is little, o si las normas son diferentes segĆŗn el dĆa de la semana o la persona, you don't know what to expect and your behavior is affected.
It is about the famous “sĆndrome del perro pequeƱo”, comĆŗn a todas las razas en miniatura: little by little adopts unacceptable attitudes (do not leave space on the sofa, growl at his master, steal food…) but ignored by their master, who remains hypnotized by his little one and “beautiful” partner. As nothing stops you, esta laxitud le anima a llevar los lĆmites cada vez mĆ”s lejos, to the point of gradually taking control of the house. The longer the owner waits to take control of the situation and allow bad habits to take root, mĆ”s difĆcil le resultarĆ” volver a poner en orden a su compaƱero. To avoid this, rules should be clear and instilled from the start, and then apply in all circumstances, without exception. In the same logic, it is not advisable to hold him in your arms too often, sobre todo si se trata de desplazarse con Ć©l cuando podrĆa igualmente pasear al lado de su amo, because not only does it not help him to live his dog life and spend, but it can also provoke a tendency to dominate.
Health
The Russkiy Toy is particularly robust and poses little risk of disease.
However, es sensible a las temperaturas extremas y debe protegerse tanto del calor como del frĆo.Cuando el termómetro estĆ” subiendo, you should limit your activities to the coolest hours and not let it stay too long in the sun, while adog coatno es demasiado cuando tiene que salir en tiempo frĆo.En cualquier caso, has no vocation to spend most of his time outdoors: its natural place is inside the house.
Among the conditions that can affect the breed, the most commons are:
- impacted tooth, cuando un diente de leche no se cae y por lo tanto no da paso a un diente adulto en crecimiento.Este es un problema bastante comĆŗn, which is solved without great difficulty by a veterinarian;
- the patellar dislocation, a kneecap problem: deja su posición y obliga al perro a cojear para moverse.Este problema es relativamente comĆŗn en todos los perros pequeƱos y, sometimes, requiere cirugĆa;
- the progressive retinal atrophy, degeneration of eye tissues leading to total blindness It is an inherited disease and carriers are normally excluded from reproduction, so it's still pretty rare;
- the Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, which attacks the hip and causes necrosis that causes stiffness and pain., esta enfermedad es muy poco común y puede operarse para aliviar el dolor causado.
However, the main risk to the health of the Russkiy Toy comes from its small size and fiery character, which can be the cause of many fractures. La caĆda de un libro sobre sus patas, A career that ends in a collision with a chair or an agitated argument with a larger fellow can end in the emergency room., your family must be constantly vigilant.
Another risk you are particularly exposed to is obesity, and once again only your master can help you.You need to monitor your weight regularly and act at the first signs of overweight, adjusting both your portion sizes and your activity level.
Al igual que con cualquier raza, the adoption of a creator of Russkiy Toy serious and responsible greatly increases the probability of obtaining a healthy puppy The professional must provide a certificate of good health issued by a veterinarian, presentar la historia clĆnica o cartilla de vacunación, in which the vaccines administered to the animal are recorded, and make available the results of genetic tests performed to parents. a small one.
Of course, this does not guarantee that you will stay healthy for your entire life To maximize the chances of this being the case, prevention is essential: it is advisable to wear regularly (At least once a year) take your dog to the vet for a routine checkup.This not only identifies the beginning of a possible problem, it also ensures that you don't miss your shot reminders.
Life expectancy
Grooming
Either for the straight-haired variety or for the long-haired variety, the maintenance of the coat of the Russkiy Toy is simple. In effect, a weekly brushing is enough to avoid knots and remove possible dirt. Muda little, pero puede ser Ćŗtil aumentar la frecuencia de cepillado a 2 or 3 times a week when applicable, in spring and autumn.
How he tolerates the bathroom well, clean it every 1 or 2 months to rid it of all impurities and make sure it doesn't mess up the house is usually not a problem either. Sólo tienes que asegurarte de utilizar un champĆŗ especĆfico para perros, y en ningĆŗn caso un producto hecho para humanos.
The rest is a matter of course. For example, su sesión semanal de acicalamiento deberĆa ser tambiĆ©n una oportunidad para revisar y limpiar sus ojos y orejas con un paƱo hĆŗmedo. This will prevent debris and dirt from accumulating, reduciendo asĆ el riesgo de infección.
TambiĆ©n debes aprovechar para cepillar los dientes de tu perro con un dentĆfrico especial para perros, although twice a week (or even daily) es aĆŗn mejor. This will help prevent tartar buildup., that can cause bad breath, cavities and other problems.
Last, although it has gone out enough, their claws tend to grow faster than they wear out. Thus, es necesario recortarlas con un simple cortaúñas cuando se han vuelto demasiado largas, to prevent them from getting in the way or even breaking. A monthly cut is usually sufficient. The first time, you can learn how to do it with a vet or a groomer, to avoid doing it wrong.
Food
The Russkiy Toy perfectly fits commercially available industrial dog foods. You just have to be careful to choose a product adapted to dogs of this size, especially if you eat kibble. You also have to choose food of sufficient quality and establish an adapted daily ration to provide it with all the nutrients it needs., especially considering your activity level and your age.
In any case, cat food, although it certainly is the perfect size for its size, not at all adequate. Too rich, are likely to cause rapid and dangerous weight gain.
This is especially true since obesity is a very real problem for this breed whose needs are often much lower than their family thinks.. It is necessary to scrupulously follow the daily rations recommended by the manufacturers or the veterinarian, and regularly weigh your dog to quickly detect too large a variation. A weight gain of 200g is negligible for a human, but for a Russkiy Toy this is around the 10% of their normal weight.
In case of unjustified weight gain, it is advisable to react without delay, adjusting both the dog's daily ration and activity level. If this doesn't help, a visit to the vet is necessary to explore the possibility of a disease and to develop a more appropriate diet if this is not the problem.
Last, like all dogs, the Russkiy Toy you should always have access to a bowl of fresh water, so you can quench your thirst whenever you want.
Use
The Russkiy Toy is above all – and also always – un perro de compaƱĆa, made to spend most of his time with his family. Playful and affectionate, perfectly capable of apartment living, represents an ideal option for those who have little space to offer their dog, but on the other hand they may be available to dedicate time.
His affectionate character also makes him a very good therapy dog, able to spend hours by his master's side if he needs it, and to help you with your mere presence.
His natural distrust of the unknown and his propensity to bark make him an excellent alert dog., but its size prevents it from being a true watchdog, aunque su valentĆa no es cuestionable.
Last, it is common to find it at dog shows, where your success is not denied. They can also participate in dog sports competitions, like obedience, but its small size is definitely a disadvantage.
ĀæCuanto cuesta un "Russkiy Toy"?
The price of a puppy Russkiy Toy is of some 1500 EUR, but this average hides great disparities. In effect, depending on the reputation of the kennel, del prestigio de sus ancestros pero tambiĆ©n y sobre todo de sus caracterĆsticas fĆsicas intrĆnsecas, can go from 800 euros for the copies with some small defects up to almost 4000 euros para los destinados a la crĆa y/o a las exposiciones. On the other hand, no hay grandes diferencias de precio segĆŗn el sexo.
Characteristics "Russkiy Toy"
Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "Russkiy Toy" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.
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Images "Russkiy Toy"
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Photos:
1 – “Russkiy Toy” by Ernst Vikne, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
2 – “Russkiy Toy” Puppy, 4 months old by Shamanofthistown, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
3 – “Russkiy Toy” shorthair, smooth coat, brown and tan by NiaNike, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
4 – Short hair “Russkiy Toy” by Ernst Vikne, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
5 – Two “Russkiy Toy”, one with short hair and one with long hair by Ernst Vikne, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
6 – “Russkiy Toy” Daniel, Rostov del Don by Sofiya357, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Videos "Russkiy Toy"
Type and recognitions:
- FCI CLASSIFICATION:
- Group :
- Section : . .
Federations:
- – FCI – Group 9: Section 9: Continental Toy Spaniel and others ā
- – AKC – Toy ā
- – CKC – Group 5 ā (Toy) ā
- – āKC – Toy ā
- – UKC – Group 8 – Companion dog ā
FCI breed standard "Russkiy Toy"
Alternative names:
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1. Russian Toy Terrier, Russian Terrier, Moscow Toy Terrier, Moscovian Miniature Terrier, Toychik (English).
2. Toychik, Toy-chic (French).
3. Russischer Zwergspaniel, Moskauer Langhaariger Toy Terrier (Š¼Š¾ŃŠŗŠ¾Š²Ńкий Š“Š»ŠøŠ½Š½Š¾ŃŠµŃŃŃŠ½Ńй ŃŠ¾Š¹-ŃŠµŃŃŠµŃ) (German).
4. (em russo: Š ŃŃŃŠŗŠøŠ¹ ŃŠ¾Š¹-ŃŠµŃŃŠµŃ) (Portuguese).
5. Miniatura ruso, Toy Terrier ruso (espaƱol).