The Sinú parakeet(Pyrrhura subandina) It, in general, green, with the forecrown and areas around eyes dark red.
In flight It is very evident dark red stain abdomen, the wings below greyish. The cheeks They have a greenish blue tone, the area surrounding the ear It is yellowish-brown and the breast feathers with design marginalized gray escamado.
Lives or lived in humid jungle, semi-humid, deciduous and gallery forests,low. It nests on trees of considerable size in hollow nests woodpeckers.
endemic to Colombia, in the lower valley of sinu river, Jaraquiel, Murrucucú hill, Córdoba.
Expeditions carried out in recent years have failed to sight it.
Estimated population: 0-100; The population trend: possibly extinct
We recommend that you devote to Sinú parakeet immediate attention to the conservation of this unique endemic species of the plain Sinu River.
Habitats in the jungle and near the Sinú river valley have been extensively altered and lost.
History:
The Sinú parakeet It was described by Todd 1917 as a distinctive bird endemic Valley Sinu River, Córdoba Department, Northwest of Colombia. Peters (1937), without evidence or any basis placed the Pyrrhura subandina within the species Pyrrhura picta, and the species immediately fell into obscurity as subspecies. However, Joseph and Stockwell (2002) they restored the status to Pyrrhura subandina as a species, based on a detailed assessment and phylogenetic analyses recent (com. pers. 2003).
DNA analysis has shown that the population of the Sinú parakeet(Pyrrhura subandina) It is probably different (monotype) (Joseph & Stockwell 2002), although at present it remains a subspecies of the Pyrrhura picta pending further studies (SACC 2007).
There is no information on the ecology of the Sinú parakeet or current status. The species has never been reported alive and its range has been extensively deforested (Salaman obs. pers.)
At the beginning of 2004 Paul Salman He visited the four sites type; two are entirely deforested, While Quimari and the Cerro Murrucucú still have some fragmented forests. No evidence of any Pyrrhura It was obtained by observations and interviews with the local community. In May of 2004, a researcher at ProAves spent three months exploring in search of this species throughout the Murrucucú hill but their results were not favorable. The lack of recent records of this species and its restricted and unprotected range give reasons for concern about their survival and current status.
Reference: Joseph, L. and Stockwell, D. 2002. Climatic modeling of the distribution of some Pyrrhura parakeets of northwestern South America with notes on their systematics and special reference to Pyrrhura caeruleiceps Todd, 1947. Ornitologia Neotropical 13: 1-8.
The Sinú parakeet(Pyrrhura subandina) was last reliably recorded in 1949. Almost nothing was recorded about their habits. Not found during searches on 2004 and 2006 (ProAves Colombia 2008). He may be extinct, but if it still survives, this bird will be seriously threatened by habitat loss and hunting associated with the armed conflict in the region; The future of this Pyrrhura It looks bleak.
* Subspecies included within the species Pyrrhura picta.
The Spot-winged Parrotlet(Touit stictopterus) It has a green overall coloration, clearer to the abdomen, wings brownish with white spots; below the tail opaque olive is yellow with blue edge.
The female differs from the male by feathers middle-lower wing
which they are green; the forecrown and the face They are yellowish green.
Very rare species. Observed at the local level and in low densities in a Habitat in decline. Its population It is likely to be small and declining, with very small sub-populations in each known locality. It inhabits in semi-humid cloud forests and seasonal crop areas, between 600 and 2400 m. Apparently performs altitudinal migrations, Perhaps conditioned by the supply of food.
Reproduction:
The reproduction It is performed in March.
Food:
They feed on fruit and corn.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 129.000 km2
It lives in the wild in the Andes, southern Central cordilleras and Eastern in Colombia, western Ecuador and North of Peru.
Conservation:
State of conservation ⓘ
Vulnerable ⓘ(UICN)ⓘ
Globally it is in the category vulnerable (VU) and in Colombiain danger of extinction (IN). Deforestation in Andes It is their main threat.
"Spot-winged Parrotlet" in captivity:
Because of its condition It is not recommended that you keep this bird as a pet.
50 cm. length and a weight between 500 and 580 gr.
The plumage of the Blue-eyed cockatoo(Cacatua ophthalmica) is mostly white. Its crest is yellow, large and well rounded back, leaning to the neck.
The feathers that cover the ear, the base of the neck and cheek are pale yellow. The inside of the wings and tail are slightly yellowish. The ring around the eye is blue, the iris is dark brown and gray peak.
Only you can distinguish males and females by iris.
Primary forest, edges of forests and areas with sparse vegetation to 1.000 m.
It is more common in the plains than in the mountains.
They live alone, in pairs or flocks of birds 10-20. Easy to distinguish and noisy, usually. When you are flying over forests, your flight is sandwiched between glide and powerful flapping. Probably similar habits to the Sulphur-crested cockatoo, screams as she, only that stronger.
Reproduction:
There is no information about the reproduction of this species in the wild, but in captivity the female lays around 2 eggs and incubation lasts 28-30 days. The young are altricial (totally dependent on their parents for the first few weeks of life) and they remain in the nest for nine to twelve weeks being fed by both parents; later, young people, they are accompanied for a few months.
Food:
They feed mainly on seeds, fruit, in particular the figs, berries and, possibly, insects and larvae.
Distribution:
New Britain and new Ireland in the Bismarck Archipelago (Papua New Guinea).
Conservation:
Conservation status of IUCN: Vulnerable (VU)
This species has been upgraded to Vulnerable because remote sensing techniques indicate that the lowland forest, on which this species depends for nesting, It is disappearing at a notorious enough pace to cause a rapid decline in the population.
The rapid conversion of lowland rainforest to oil plantation use over the past thirty years is likely to have caused significant loss of breeding habitat..
Although it is rare in international trade, even the limited catch would be a cause for concern.
The population is estimated at at least 10.000 mature individuals.
"Blue-eyed cockatoo" in captivity:
Extremely elegant and striking. It is gaining share as a companion pet.
It mimics human speech, is very active, capable of stunts and very close to the people.
Despite his intelligence and skills, not at all a cockatoo that can be kept in an apartment.
On the one hand, due to its high energy, and secondly because of the power of their cries.
Their average lifespan is of 40 years in captivity. Surprisingly their hope for life in nature is longer, of 50 to 60 years. The life expectancy in captivity decrease may be due to inadequate attention.
Alternative names:
– Blue eyed Cockatoo, Blue-eyed cackatoo, Blue-eyed Cockatoo (ingles).
– Cacatoès à oeil bleu, Cacatoès aux yeux bleus (French).
– Brillenkakadu (German).
– Cacatua-de-olhos-azuis (Portuguese).
– Cacatúa Oftálmica (español).
Origin: Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea, Australia, Indonesian
Character: curious and smart
Life expectancy: More than 50 years.
Height: 35 to 42 cm..
Content
Description
35 to 42 cm.. length and a weight between 355 and 615 g..
The Eclectus Parrot(Eclectus roratus) It has the head and upper parts of bright green. green wing coverts; curve of the wing and the carpal edge blue; primary coverts dark blue. Feathers of flying with vane very dark blue external, vane internal black on the edge inside. Wing of bright red feathers; bottom of the black flight feathers. Green underparts with flanks and axillary Red. Upper, the Green tail with narrow pale yellow tips, drenched side of blue and yellow-tipped feathers (more external with more blue); undertail, tail black with yellow tips.
Yellow-tipped red Bill, black lower jaw, iris orange, greyish Brown legs.
In all the eclectus sexual differences machos-hembras are so large that at the beginning he qualified them as different species. The female of the Eclectus Parrot it is bright red with a purple ruff across the top of the mantle, with bluish black in flight feathers, purple blue wing feathers, purple diffusion over the chest, dull purple-blue on lower chest and belly, coverts yellowish-tipped red infracaudales, and a tail of red with yellow tips (Feather darker bases). The beak is black and the iris is usually yellow (variable).
The young birds they move directly the adult plumage but they have brown peaks.
Sound of the Eclectus Parrot.
Subspecies
List of subspecies Eclectus roratus
Eclectus roratus vosmaeri
(Rothschild, 1922) – Larger than the nominal. Male with bright green plumage, more red on the flanks, broader yellow tail ends. Female with the red light, broader yellow tail and yellow in the coverts infracaudales ends.
Eclectus roratus roratus
(Statius Müller, 1776) –
Eclectus roratus cornelia
(Bonaparte, 1850) – Larger than the nominal. Male with more blue in the queue, the upper parts of lighter green color. Female completely red except for the edges of the Carpus, wing feathers and flight feathers, that are blue. Narrow yellow tip to the tail.
Eclectus roratus westermani
(Bonaparte, 1850) – (Known only from a few copies of populations in captivity; the origin is unknown). Smaller than the nominal. The male It has no visible red flanks when wings are closed and shows foreign banks of green to flight feathers. Female with the darker red color with broad yellow tip to tail. The possibility that the few copies are abnormal individuals of the subspecies E. r. flushed It has not ruled out.
Eclectus roratus riedeli
(A.B. Meyer, 1882) – Smaller than the nominal. Male with wide yellow tips on the tail (25 mm). Female as E. r. Cornelia, but it shows bright yellow on the coverts infracaudales.
Eclectus roratus aruensis
(G.R. Gray, 1858) – Males as the subspecies E. r. biaki, with a little more spacious yellow tips to the tail. Female Red clear, especially tail.
Eclectus roratus biaki
(Hartert, 1932)- As the subspecies E. r. tortoiseshell but smaller. The female just like the female of the E. r. tortoiseshell but more bright red underparts and back of neck (dubiously distinct race).
Eclectus roratus polychloros
(Scopoli, 1786) – Larger than the nominal. Male, Yellow tail more yellowish-green tips. Female with red chest and less violet blue in the bottom region restricted to belly, green in vane external primary. Narrow periophthalmic ring blue. Coverts red infracaudales.
Eclectus roratus solomonensis
(Rothschild & Hartert, 1901) – Smaller that the E. Eclectus tortoiseshell and the male more yellowish green. Female Red clear. Size is reduced clinalmente from West to East
Eclectus roratus macgillivrayi
(Mathews, 1913) – As the E. Eclectus tortoiseshell but larger.
Habitat:
The Eclectus Parrot It is distributed in a wide range of habitats, from second growth forests, Savannah, mangrove, coconut plantations and eucalyptus Woods, until 1.900 m.
The species is most common in lowland forests, around growing areas and coastal habitats.
The birds are alone, in pairs or in small groups, often composed of only males (presumably during playback).
They sometimes soar above the forest and draw attention with their shrill calls while flying over the canopy, or they perch on an exposed branch.
They are cautious, groups of foraging usually remain in the treetops, Although birds feeding on low-altitude or even on the ground have also been observed.
The Eclectus Parrot they are most active at dawn and at dusk, When traveling to and from their roosts in noisy groups of up to 80 birds.
The species is considered an agricultural pest in some parts of New Guinea.
Reproduction:
Breeding can apparently occur at any time of the year in Papua New Guinea, While active nests observed in Australia It was between the months of February and July; There has been during the month November in Buru, During August in Seram, and between June and September in the Solomon Islands.
Up to eight birds have been registered by attending a nest. It is not clear if these are brood helpers., young from a previous litter still attached to the family group, or additional hens females.
In courtship, birds become involved with mutual grooming and Wiggles head.
The nest is a hollow in a tall tree, until 30 metres in height, sometimes exposed; The cavity may have around 6 depth meters.
Putting two eggs are deposited on a bed of wood dust, hatching in about 26 days, and taking ahead 12 weeks to breeding.
The female takes care of the incubation, leaving only the nest twice a day to be fed by the male; Also is fed by the male when the first eggs hatch, but then begins to feed if same.
Food:
The diet includes fruits, seeds, flowers, outbreaks, fruits and nectar: they are especially fond of (Pandanus) banana, corn, figs and Papaya.
The species is also through of the Solomon Islands, including Buka and Bougainville (Papua New Guinea) to the East of San Cristóbal and its satellites.
There is an introduced population of the Eclectus Parrot in Koror and some smaller islands in the archipelago of Palau In the pacific, but likely to be occasional escapes from Hawaii, where apparently cannot have been established. This is one of the parrots most common and most familiar throughout much of their range.
The world's population is estimated over of 300.000 birds. Local entrapments in Ambon, Saparua and Haruku It has apparently made the species becoming extinct in these three islands. The distinctive population in Sumba is in danger.
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern
• Population trend: Decreasing
The size of the world's population has not been quantified, It is estimated over the 300,000 specimens. The species is described as common to rare.. The population in Sumba It is estimated in 1.900 individuals, although Sumba It represents a very small proportion of the global range of the species (pit et to the. 1997).
The population is suspected to be declining due to the destruction of habitat in course and unsustainable levels of exploitation.
"Eclectus Parrot" in captivity:
3 the common subspecies in aviculture: Eclectus roratus flushed, Eclectus roratus vosmaeri and Eclectus roratus tortoiseshell; other rare breeds.
Es a curious and intelligent with an acceptable language ability, they learn without difficulty to say words and phrases.
It happens to be fairly quiet and able to live without too much attention. Males can be somewhat distant while in females it must be emphasized the theme that in the case that have nest can not out of it. On the topic food tends to be accepted that the eclectus have a greater need for vitamin A than other parrots.
When considering the purchase of a new Eclectus, it would be wise to obtain a photo and request a consultation with an authority on Eclectus to verify that you are not purchasing a hybrid.
When to acquire housing for our Eclectus Parrot, one should consider your major and arrange them in a cage as large as possible; reasonable steps would be 4,4 m x 1,5 m x 2 m.
We should keep in mind that our parrots should spend at least one hour each day outside the cage during the game.
DIET:
The Eclectus diet consists mainly of vegetables, fruit, legumes and granulated meal. Given that our Eclectus Parrot do not eat many seeds in the nature, and since they are deficient in nutrients, we must consider that their intake should be the exception and not the rule in our house.
The Eclectus they require a diet high in vegetable protein and beta carotene. Their digestive system is longer than most other species., with a greater proventriculus and longer intestines, so fat intake should be limited to avoid fatty tumors. But this does not mean "fat-free.", especially for young people who are very active. It takes some fat to store fat-soluble vitamins A, E and D. It also, with all species, If the cholesterol is too high, the excess accumulates in the liver and, through the bloodstream, travels to the heart where it accumulates; a problem evidenced by fatigue, lack of breed, secondary nutrient deficiency problems (for example, Candida, hypocalcemia, hypoprotenia, etc.), fatty liver, plumage and discoloration-poor quality, bad state of health in general and the inability of the other nutrients to be used correctly.
Too much oil in the diet can cause black feathers on the male and female. They are easily distinguished from the black marks of stress or liver disease because the pattern is different.. Some diets based on pelleted food are high in sugar and can cause kidney problems or hyperactivity. Some are also high in colorants and flavors and can cause toxicity problems. There are some diets which in the market that are organic; But the lack of condoms can cause growth of unwanted yeast and bacteria if left in the cage for more than one hour.
Reproduction Eclectus Parrot:
The reproduction of the Eclectus Parrot It is not difficult as long as we have a compatible partner, Since a female in heat can be aggressive with the male and pursue him while he nears the trough.
Nesting box can have very different ways. The measures are 30 x 30 x 80 cm and inlet of 10 cm.. Diameter. The Z-shaped nest is highly recommended for breeding the Eclectus Parrot Since it allows the male to stay on the top platform in the event that the female is shown aggressive to protect the nest. Inside the box you can put some kind of material, as pine bark.
The incubation period is 28 to 30 days and can breed throughout the year. A sunset happens to another and is not interrupted even during the time of molt. However often the eggs are not fertile or parents do not feed the chicks. It is best to allow them only two released per year, so the nest will have to be removed or the male will have to be separated for a few days. The only drawback, If we choose to separate the male, It is called the female strident so your partner.
The implementation is usually two eggs, and occasionally three.
Alternative names:
– Eclectus Parrot, Kalanga, King Parrot, Red-sided Eclectus Parrot, Red-sided Parrot (ingles).
– Grand Éclectus, Éclectus, Grand Eclectus (French).
– Edelpapagei, Salomonen Edelpapagei (German).
– Papagaio-eclectus (Portuguese).
– Loro Ecléctico, Loro Eclectus (español).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– mundoexotics
– Birds N Ways
The Derbyan Parakeet(Psittacula derbiana) has the crown and lower cheeks lavender blue with pale iridescent blue shading on the forecrown and pale green bright in the upper cheeks and periophthalmic region; narrow black stripe that extends horizontally from the eyes to the area above the bill; spacious malar stripes («moustache«) Black fuse next to the chin to create a great patch.
Since the nape until uppertail-coverts green, bright in the the mantle. Upperwing-coverts Green with yellow or marginalized feathers with yellow in median and greater coverts, creating distinct pale patch. The primaries and secondaries emerald green.
The underparts to belly lavender-bue; the thighs, vent and undertail-coverts grass-green. Uppertail centrally blue, outer feathers Blue in vane outer, green on inner.
upper jaw red tipped yellow, the lower black; cere blue-gray, irises straw-colored; legs dark grey.
The female has the bill black.
The immature they have the head green and the underparts much paler.
The very young birds has bill pink, turning black later and then red again in males.
Observed in forest, between 1.250 and 4.000 meters above sea level. It is thought that you can make vertical migration seasonal. Views in the Tibet in 3.300 m, even in winter.
According to reports, have priority for coniferous forests or mixed forests of Pinus and Quercus, also of Alpine growth as the rhododendron. Visit valleys culture, especially during harvest.
Gregaria, usually seen in noisy flocks of up to several dozen birds. Only rarely are in pairs or individually.
Reproduction:
Holes for their nests they are located in tree hollows, usually at a certain height, commonly in a himalayan poplarPopulus ciliata.
The breeding they performed it during the month of June.
The put in captivity is between 2 and 5 eggs.
Food:
Reported foods include barley, the corn, catkins of Populus ciliata, cones of Pinus tabulaefornis and fruit grown according to availability, including peaches; they can be highly destructive crops. It is believed that they may eat some invertebrates, Hoja-brotes and berries.
The population of the Derbyan Parakeet It is suspected that it may be suffering a moderately rapid decline mainly due to the pressure that is subjected , not only due to its continuous capture for the cage bird trade, but also by the indiscriminate felling of trees in the nest, together with evidence of local extinctions and declining birds in some parts of its area of distribution.
Threats:
– This species was previously threatened by deforestation campaigns, that it resulted in, loss of much of their breeding habitat; However, This threat ended in the Decade of 1990 (Zeidler and Francis 2011).
– Today, Middle-aged trees, some of which provide the perfect place for the construction of the nest, they are being felled for the construction of housing and firewood, even in protected forests (Zeidler and Francis 2011).
– Recent observations indicate that this species is subject to a strong pressure catch and the collection of eggs for the pet trade (J. Eaton in litt. 2010, Zeidler and Francis 2011).
– The collection of eggs and subsequent incubation, for the breeding of Derby Parrots and subsequent sale, is very organized in some areas (Zeidler and Francis 2011).
– The species is sold openly and are kept, in large numbers, as a pet in its natural distribution area (J. Eaton in litt. 2010, J. Hornskov in litt. 2010, Zeidler and Francis 2011).
Actions of conservation in CITES Appendix II course.:
– Is listed in Schedule I of the law of 1972 for nature (Protection) on India (The India Government, 1993) and the collection for the pet trade is illegal in China (Zeidler and Francis 2011).
– In some areas, as the Shachong valley (Szechwan), the monks provide protection for wildlife, including trap activities (Zeidler and Francis 2011).
Conservation Actions Proposed:
– Population trends and monitor hunting pressure.
– Addressing the threat of trade through the application of the legislation and awareness-raising activities.
– Steadily increase the number of sites that are protected.
– Support monks engaged in activities for the protection of wildlife (Zeidler and Francis 2011).
– Evaluate the effectiveness of a scheme of nest boxes (Zeidler and Francis 2011).
"Derbyan Parakeet" in captivity:
The Derbyan Parakeet is a pet very popular at the local level due to the wonderful color of its plumage, his intelligence and its excellent speaking skills, that distinguishes it from other Asian parrots, usually you do not have that voice clarity.
While these parrots do not have the ability to learn an extensive vocabulary, his manner of speaking looks like the speech of Amazon parrots. Having said that, there are never guarantees that a Derbyan Parakeet you will learn to speak, but most do – even the females.
It is a bird that needs much stimulation. She loves to chew and can be very destructive, provided that provide it a variety of toys to chew, It will inhibit its destructive behavior and avoid his boredom.
It is a species with demand among farmers for several reasons, including its striking plumage, its ease of reproduction and its excellent parenting skills.
The Derby Parrot reach sexual maturity between the 2 and 3 years of age. It reported that it may reach sexual maturity later in nature, possibly to the 5 years.
The typical breeding season It will begin in April or June and average clutch sizes are of 2 – 4 eggs. The incubation period lasts 23 – 28 days, and the chicks leave the nest to the 8 to 9 weeks of age.
The Derbyan Parakeet It must be kept in an Aviary, or in a large cage, providing a daily time flying out. They are social birds and like to be “part of a flock.” – which could be a group of birds in an aviary environment or a human family.
It requires much interaction to keep its meekness. By nature, it is a shy bird to human contact, Although considered usually placid compared to some other parrots.
If they are kept outdoors they may require periodic deworming – since they spend considerable time at the bottom of your aviaries or cages. Because of this habit, they are also susceptible to fungal infections. Good hygiene is especially important to keep healthy this Parrot.
Even so, the Derby Parakeet is a rare bird outside its range and with limited breeding.
Alternative names:
– Derbyan Parakeet, Chinese Parakeet, Lord Derby’s Parakeet, Upper Yangtze Parakeet (English).
– Perruche de Derby (French).
– Chinasittich (German).
– Periquito-da-china (Portuguese).
– Cotorra de Derby, Cotorra Verde China (español).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Photos:
(1) – A pair of Lord Derby’s Parakeet (also known as Derbyan Parakeet)s at Wilhelma Zoo, Stuttgart, Germany By krislorenz (_DSC2098Uploaded by Snowmanradio) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – A male Derbyan Parakeet (also known as Lord Derby’s Parakeet) in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China By Michael Vito from South Orange, NJ, USA (Hangzhou RevisitedUploaded by Snowmanradio) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – An adult male Derbyan Parakeet at Shenlong Eco Park, People’s Republic of China By Doug Janson (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 or GFDL], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – A male Lord Derby’s Parakeet (also known as Derbyan Parakeet) in an aviary By Richard J. Blach (Own work (Original text: eigene Fotografie)) [GFDL or CC-BY-SA-3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Derbyan Parakeet (Psittacula derbiana) at Wellington Zoo, New Zealand. A male bird showing red beak by Peter Halasz – Wikipedia
(6) – Psittacula derbiana, drawing from nature by J. Gould & H.C. Richter By JoJan (Own work) [CC BY 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
Of 37 to 45 cm. length and a weight between 240 and 250 g..
The Yellow-collared Macaw(Primolius auricollis) already it was described by American ornithologist John Cassin in 1853.
Similar to the Blue-headed Macaw, differs by a characteristic Yellow collar dorado, most notable in the area of the nape. This thin yellow line of feathers surrounding the back of the neck, It is that gives this species its name.
Previously it was considered within the genre «ARA» for having a face bare of feathers and was also known scientifically as «propyrrhura Macaw»
It is a small Macaw; has the forecrown, the feathered portion of the cheeks and the front of the crown dull blackish-brown color, becoming a blue-green shade at the rear of the crown and both sides of the neck. The neck is covered with a large golden yellow necklace. All upperparts are green with blue markings in some feathers.
The small and medium-sized coverts are green. The alula and primary coverts they are completely blue. The primaries are blue, the secondaries are green with a strong blue tint in the vane outer. The underwing-coverts are, in its entirety, olive yellow, with the exception of the lower part of the flight feather It is yellowish.
The underparts are green. Upper, the central tail feathers are reddish brown at the base, in the middle of green and blue at the tip. The outer tail feathers they are mostly blue. The bottom of the tail is opaque yellow.
The bill is blackish with a tone slate finish. The bare skin about lores and cheeks It is white with a straw tone clear. The irises are orange, legs pink meat.
Both sexes similar.
The youth they resemble their parents. But, they have a bill grey with a white Peak; irises grayscale and the legs pale grey. The immature you have the collar area of the nape reddish.
The Yellow-collared Macaw they attend a wide variety of habitats from forests. They are found in the humid tropical forests that cover the foothills of the Andes, but also in dry areas of deciduous and grasslands with scattered trees. They are also present in the tree edges and savannas.
Unlike most parrot species, the Yellow-collared Macaw support very well the profound changes occurring in their habitat.
They are relatively common in the waste groves situated in the middle of farmland and around major urban centres.
Mainly noted below 600 m, to 1.700 metres above sea level in the Northwest of Argentina.
Usually they live in pairs or in small groups, even outside the breeding season. Larger meetings may have place when food is abundant or when gather in the dormitories at night. Within these large herds, the matched pairs are less visible than other species of macaws.
They feed on trees and shrubs, Although they occasionally do on land
Reproduction:
The season of nesting is in December in Argentina. The nest It tends to be located in the cavity of a tree, sometimes up to 20 meters above the ground. The spawning usually included in 2 to 4 eggs.
In captivity, the incubation lasts a few 23 days. The reproductive cycle is particularly long, since the young leave the nest at 7 weeks, after the hatching.
Size of its range (breeding/resident ): 1.950.000 km2
Endemic to the center of South America. The distribution of the Yellow-collared Macaw includes the Northwest of Argentina, in the East of Jujuy and North of Salta (reports of Missions and Formosa they are not correct) going northward through the East and North of Bolivia, in the departments of Santa Cruz, Beni and Tarija, is also distributed by the North of Paraguay, mainly to the West of the Paraguay River, but largely absent in the drier areas of the Chaco.
Extend across the southwest of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso from the South, in Brazil, where its northern and eastern limits are unclear; They are also distributed (possibly different) in West Goiás, Northeast of Mato Grosso and Southeast end of For, where there are reports of birds in and around the The Bananal island.
Mostly residents, Although apparently, seasonal movements in some areas.
In general is a common macaw and he persists in areas where significant habitat modification has taken place. Scarcer at the edge of its range in Paraguay.
They have been the subject of international trade, but its population does not seem to be affected by the capture.
Conservation:
State of conservation ⓘ
Minor Concern ⓘ(UICN)ⓘ
• Red List category of the UICN current: Least concern
• Population trend: Growing
The species is not threatened at the global level. Global population size has not been quantified, but this species is described as «quite common»
At the beginning of the Decade of 1980, in Bolivia, the capture of birds for aviaries reached the alarming figure of over of 3.200 birds per year. Fortunately, the traffic is prohibited from 1984.
It is considered rather low, the population of this species in Paraguay and North of Argentina, But in recent years the trend has reversed., and the species has colonized new areas.
"Yellow-collared Macaw" in captivity:
Quite common, above all in the EE.UU, less frequent in other parts.
Charming, clever, and comedian, These small macaws offer all the personality of a great green Macaw in a smaller size, being more affordable and easier to take care of. It is an extremely Intelligent and easy to train.
Many Yellow-collared Macaw are gifted talkers, and they are able to say several words and phrases. Some owners have pointed out that this little Macaw is able to speak more clearly than other larger species. Even so, our Macaw should not be purchased only by his ability to speak; that ability is never a guarantee.
Reproduce well in captivity. The breeding season It is usually in the spring and early summer, Although some couples are played almost throughout the year. The implementation size It is usually of two to four eggs, but sometimes more. The incubation period is of 23 to 27 days. Some additional high fat seeds, as the Sunflower seed, should be added to the diet during the breeding season to stimulate reproduction.
Marriage bonds are strong, but not necessarily for life.
Alternative names:
– Yellow-collared Macaw, Cassin’s Macaw, Golden-collared Macaw, Golden-naped Macaw, Yellow collared Macaw, Yellow-naped Macaw (English).
– Ara à collier jaune, Ara à nuque d’or (French).
– Halsbandara (German).
– ararinha, Maracanã-de-colar (Portuguese).
– G. Acollarado, Guacamayo Acollarado, Maracaná cuello dorado, Maracaná de Cuello Dorado (español).
– Parabachi de cuello amarillo, Maracaná de cuello dorado (Bolivia).
– Marakana (Guarani).
– Maracaná cuello dorado (Paraguay).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Photos:
(1) – A Golden-collared Macaw at Kakegawa Kacho-en, Kakegawa, Shizuoka, Japan By Takashi Hososhima from Tokyo, Japan (A bird of dexterityUploaded by snowmanradio) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Two Golden-collared Macaws (also known as Yellow-collared Macaws) at the Pana’ewa Rainforest Zoo, Hawaii, USA By Pat McGrath from Lihue, U.S.A. [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Golden-collared Macaw (also known as the Yellow-collared Macaw). A pet parrot By rebeccakoconnor [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Golden-collared Macaw (also called Yellow-collared Macaw) parents with a juvenile By Benutzer:Robert01 on German wiki (Bild:Goldnackenaras on German wiki.) [CC BY-SA 3.0 of], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Golden-collared Macaw (also known as the Yellow-collared Macaw); two captive By TJ Lin [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Ara primoli = Primolius auricollis (copy of Gray's Heritage Library (France) by Francis de Laporte de Castelnau [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
Of 32 cm. length and a weight between 140 and 170 g..
The White-eyed Parakeet(Psittacara leucophthalmus) has the head dark green with small scattered red feathers, especially in the area of the lores, cheeks, sides neck and throat. The head and nape Some birds are almost entirely green, others have solid red spots in the cheeks, with numerous scattered red feathers elsewhere.
The upperparts are dark green, with one or two scattered red feathers. Upper, the wings dark green, with a little red in the curve; undertail, with golden brown flight feathers, the outer red and green small coverts inner; Yellow large coverts external and green internal.
The underparts Green with scattered red feathers on the throat and the chest, sometimes forming irregular patches. Upper, the tail dark green; Brown down.
The bill hooked is color Horn and its gray tip; bare periophthalmic grayish white; irises yellow-orange; legs grey.
The plumage of the male and the female, they are identical.
The immature they have more muted colors; some feathers Red in the head, No red in the bend of wing and olive in the underwing-coverts outermost.
(Salvadori, 1891) – They have head, neck and throat, green grass dark with small feathers red color above the cheeks. The the mantle, the wing-coverts, the tail and primary feathers of the tail are dark green. The lower part of the chest and flanks of the body are green clear. The feathers largest of the wings and secondaries are dark green with a grey reflection at the ends. Smaller feathers of the wings and the area of the wing curvature are bright red; small coverts feathers are red; the feathers of the greater coverts are yellow. The top of the large feathers of the tail are dark green, the underparts is olive green.
The eyes are black with the irises orange-brown. The bare periophthalmic is grayish white. Bill color horn, the sides and the tip of the upper part are dark gray. Legs brownish grey, black nails.
On average largest the species nominal with the bill more robust. Birds in the West have a green dark.
The White-eyed Parakeet It is in a great range of forest habitats and forests, mainly in lowlands, even if they manage to reach altitudes of 1.700 meters in the Ecuador and 2.500 meters in Bolivia.
In the Amazon, they are in tropical rainforests, mostly along the rivers (including the forests and marshes), in scattered areas of woodland and in land grown in wetlands, mangroves, sheets and the forests of Palms in the Guianas, chaco types of forests in the South of its range, gallery forests and alluvial forests in Bolivia.
The White-eyed Parakeet they are highly gregarious, they form flocks, usually, hundreds of birds (usually up to 90), covering large expanses between the roosts and feeding areas.
In the Amazon, in general, birds travel along the banks of rivers, crossing also large tracts of forest to reach the meanders and hidden Marsh.
They form large community groups to sleep in trees, sugar cane fields and caves.
The nest It consists of a natural cavity in a tree, often a palma, but also in limestone caves in Mato Grosso, Brazil. The female usually deposits there 3 white eggs, What incubates alone during 24 or 25 days. During this time, It is fed by the male. At birth the chicks are completely naked, a gray marker appears at the end of the first week. Son fed by parents for approximately 6 weeks, those that leave the nest and get together with the family group. are still dependent parents during 2 to 3 months.
The breeding season It has been reported in the months of November-December, in Argentina; July-August, in the East of Peru; From January to April, Mato Grosso; in Guianas during the month of February.
Food:
The diet of this species depends on the habitat, including a variety of dried fruits, seeds, fruit, berries, flowers and insects.
Size of its range (reproduction / resident): 13200000 km2
The White-eyed Parakeet are widespread in much of the North of South America, to the East of the Andes, to the North of Argentina.
Are distributed from the West of the Guianas (absent from Guyana), through Venezuela, from Anzoátegui and Monagas through the Delta Amacuro, until Bolívar and amazon, and up to the Colombian Amazon, to the North of the Department of the Goal. They live in much of Ecuador and Peru.
Extend through the entire interior of Brazil and possibly reach the coast of São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul (absent in the arid zones of the Northeast, mountainous areas of the northern basin of the amazon in Brazil and Venezuela, and the basin of the Black river in Brazil and Colombia).
Are also distributed to the East of Bolivia through Paraguay until Argentina, to the South of Santa Fe and Between rivers (possibly in the North of Buenos Aires), including Tucumán and Catamarca (There are no recent reports in Catamarca or Santa Fe, While reports of Santiago del Estero, Córdoba and San Luis they are probably incorrect).
Narosky and Di Giacomo (1993) they consider that the population in the city of Buenos Aires and its surroundings possibly originated from specimens escaped from captivity, i.e. released or escaped pet, owners or traffickers of fauna.
Observed in the highest parts of Uruguay.
In general resident, Although some seasonal movements seem to occur in some areas. The most numerous in the center of the range, the least, at the edges. Locally abundant in the Amazon central and Mato Grosso, Brazil, as well as in the east of Peru. common in Colombia. Quite common in the forests of the coast of Suriname and in the gallery forests of Santa Cruz in Bolivia. Unevenly distributed in the North of Bolivia, where it is described as common to rare. common in Argentina, especially in the North.
The Aratinga Ojiblanca It adapts easily to the degradation and urban areas, long as no sources of food and nesting places (ceilings and other cavities) and this occurs in several cities.
Large captive population with high volume of international trade, in particular from Argentina, where the species, Perhaps, is being threatened due to the capture.
Subspecies distribution:
Psittacara leucophthalmus callogenys
(Salvadori, 1891) – It is from Ecuador, Northeast of Peru and Northwest of Brazil.
(Meyer de Schauensee, 1946) – Its validity is based on a single specimen found in an area around Guaicaramo in the guavio river, Department of the Goal, Colombia.
Conservation:
• Red List category of the UICN current: Least concern
• Population trend: Decreasing
The size of the world population White-eyed Parakeet It has not been quantified, but this species is described as «common» (Stotz et to the., 1996).
The species has undergone intense trade: from 1981, When it was included in the Appendix II, 60.207 individuals have been captured in the wild, registered for the international trade (UNEP-WCMC trade database CITES, January 2005).
"White-eyed Parakeet" in captivity:
The White-eyed Parakeet they are among the best talkers within the family Aratinga. Well socialized they can become a good companions. Rarely are destructive and usually they are not pijas, they often take the choice to imitate human speech in place. Personality always varies from bird to bird, but they are generally known to be very playful and curious.
Imported birds are, mostly, shy and take time to gain confidence with their caregiver.
Alternative names:
– White-eyed Parakeet, White-eyed Conure, Green Conure, White eyed Parakeet (English).
– Conure pavouane, Perriche pavouane, Perruche pavouane (French).
– Pavuasittich (German).
– Aratinga-de-bando, araguaí, araguari, aratinga, arauá-i, aruaí, guira-juba, maracanã, maracanã-malhada, maricatã, periquitão-maracanã (Portuguese).
– Aratinga Ojiblanca, Calacante ala roja, Calancate Ala Roja, Loro Barranquero, Loro de ala roja, Loro Maracaná, Maracaná ala roja, Perico Ojiblanco, Periquito Verde (español).
– Calacante ala roja, Calancate Ala Roja, Loro de ala roja (Argentina).
– Loro ojiblanco, Perico Ojiblanco (Colombia).
– Cotorra de Ojo Blanco (Peru).
– Maracaná ala roja (Paraguay).
– Loro Barranquero, Loro Maracaná (Uruguay).
– Perico Ojo Blanco (Venezuela).
Avibase
Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
Birdlife
Photos:
(1) – White-eyed Parakeet (also known as the White-eyed Conure) in Piraju, Sao Paulo, Brazil By Dario Sanches [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – White-eyed Parakeet at the aviary at the Mayaguez Zoo in Mayaguez, Puerto Rico By Kati Fleming (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – A White-eyed Parakeet in Reserva Guainumbi, Sao Luis do Paraitinga, Sao Paulo, Brazil By Dario Sanches from Sao Paulo, Brazil [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Barao do Rio Branco square, Serra Negra-SP By Dario Sanches [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – White-eyed Parakeet (also known as White-eyed Conure) in Goiania, Goiás, Brazil By Wagner Machado Carlos Lemes [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – White-eyed Conure (Aratinga leucophthalmus) – upper body, neck and face. In captivity in the Parrot’s Garden (Jardim dos Louros), in the Botanical Garden of Funchal, Madeira island, Portugal By jmaximo [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – White-eyed From The Crossley ID Guide Eastern Birds By Richard Crossley (Richard Crossley) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(8) – White-eyed Conure, also called White-eyed Parakeet, in Brazil By Dario Sanches [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(9) – Couple of white-eyed parakeets (Aratinga elucophthalma). Spotted in Sao Carlos, Brazil By Leoadec (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 or GFDL], via Wikimedia Commons
The Green-cheeked Parakeet(Pyrrhura molinae) has a close frontal band and lores, you are reddish brown to blackish; crown, of color brown or brown grayish marked laterally in shades blue and green; rear area of the crown and nape with blue tips; cheeks and sometimes the supercilii area (area of the front), of color green with dye olive; ear-coverts of color grey clear to pale.
Upperparts green. The primary coverts are bluish green and the remaining are mainly green, except for some feathers scattered of color blue, yellow or orange in the leading edge of wing. Primaries blue, secondaries Green with blue near the axis; both grey below. Underwing-coverts green. feathers in the chest, the throat and the sides of the neck, brownish at base with pale purple, light grey, or yellowish opaque in the tips, giving effect squamous; central belly with brown patches of varying size (only scattered feathers some birds); sides of the belly, the thighs and bottom of the chest, green; undertail-coverts bluish green.
Upper, the tail brown, with green at the base of the center of the tail feathers (hidden under the coverts); below, the tail brown.
The bill, grey; the cere white; bare periophthalmic whitish; irises brown; legs grey.
Both sexes are similar.
Immature paler. with the irises darker and less a defendant patch brown of the belly.
(Todd, 1915) – Slightly smaller the species nominal, pale margin to the throat and to the close down of the chest; Brown-colored area in the chest more extensive; less blue in the undertail-coverts.
Pyrrhura molinae flavoptera
(Maijer, Herzog, Kessler, Friggens & Fjeldsa, 1998) – Similar to the nominal species, but with the bend of wing and the carpal edge, orange-red; Alula with feather blue and yellow / white mixed.
Pyrrhura molinae hypoxantha
(Salvadori & Festa, 1899) – Previously listed as Pyrrhura molinae sordida. The cheeks more pale that the of the nominal species; the color red in the belly less prominent and the skirting of feathers in the throat and the chest less distinctive.
(Schlegel, 1864) – It differs from the species nominal and of the subspecies Pyrrhura molinae australis, by having the basal half of feathers of the Centre of the tail, green. Some birds are yellow in the leading edge of wing.
Pyrrhura molinae restricta
(Todd, 1947) – More blue that other subspecies, with stain blue in them lower cheeks and strong blue subfusion in the undertail-coverts. The blue tips on the feathers of the nape and zone back in the neck they form a most distinctive collar which in the nominal species.
Habitat:
The species Green-cheeked Parakeet inhabits dense forests, often low and forests with clear primary and secondary , including stripes of chaco, Savannah, deciduous forest and pantanal gallery, as well as rainforests MOSS-covered in the Eastern Andes where is reported to 2.900 meters above sea level.
In Brazil the subspecies Pyrrhura molinae hypoxantha are located mainly in deciduous forest above the 500 m.
Gregaria (at least outside the breeding season), usually in flocks of 10-20, sometimes many more.
Very often seen in rapid flight, under, fairly erratic and slightly wavy. Difficult to detect while feeding calmly in the treetops.
Reproduction:
It nests in hollow natural of trees. The laying is of 4 to 6 eggs during the month of February in the northeast of Argentina. Period of incubation: 20-24 days.
Food:
There is no information about the diet of the Green-cheeked Parakeet, but probably similar to nearby conspecifics; Forages in the treetops.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 675.000 km2
Its distribution runs from the southwest of Brazil and Northwest of Argentina to the East of Bolivia and probably South of Peru.
Apparently absent from the land low of the pantanal and restricted in the basin of the Paraguay River isolated plots of forests of chaco in highlands on the right bank of the river.
In the Northwest of Argentina is distributed in Salta, Jujuy and with less frequency in Tucumán (a record in Catamarca is probably wrong).
They can live on the fringes of the Northwest of Paraguay but not is tested. Some local seasonal movements they can occur, birds in the higher elevations down to altitudes lower in winter (Mar-Aug).
Usually common (very common in Salta and Jujuy); Highest densities in deciduous forest; It is the most common parrot in the wooded valleys of Bolivia eastern but probably declining there due to rapid habitat clearance.
Is sold during those years eighty and was extended in captive outside of its area of distribution.
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.
• Population trend: Stable.
Justification of the population
The size of the world population It has not been quantified, but this species is described as «common» (Stotz et to the., 1996).
Justification of trend
Suspected that the population is stable in absence of evidence of any decline or threatens substantial.
"Green-cheeked Parakeet" in captivity:
Unknown in those birds up to the Decade of 1970, nowadays it is quite common. They have become one of the favorite birds in the pet trade, due to his sweet personality and at your disposal for fun. Son playful, loving and Smart.
They are not considered the best talkers. But, some Green-cheeked Parakeet, especially smart, they learned to speak very well, according to their owners. Even so, most say only a couple of things, And there's no guarantee that they'll ever learn to speak. They also have low and serious voice, so even if managed to talk, it would not be easy for them to say something understandable.
Price per couple (ancestral): 120-200 EUR. Hypoxantha: 150-300 EUR.
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Book Parrots, Parrots and macaws
– avianweb
– Photos:
(1) – A Green-cheeked Parakeet perching on the index finger of a left hand By Eric Sonstroem from California, USA (Green-Cheeked ConureUploaded by snowmanradio) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Green-cheeked Conure perching in an aviary at Kuala Lumpur Bird Park, Malaysia By Brandon Lim (Rainbow LorakeetUploaded by Snowmanradio) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Green-cheeked Conure perching in an aviary By Brandon Lim (Rainbow LorakeetUploaded by Snowmanradio) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – A juvenile pet Yellow-sided Green-cheeked Conure (also Sordid Conure and the Yellow-sided Conure). It is a naturally occurring subspecies of the Green-cheeked Conure. The photograph shows a wing-clipped pet parrot in a bird cage. By therouxdown (Reese closeupUploaded by Snowmanradio) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – A juvenile pet Yellow-sided Green-cheeked Conure (also Sordid Conure and the Yellow-sided Conure). It is a naturally occurring subspecies of the Green-cheeked Conure. The photograph shows a wing-clipped pet parrot perching on a food bowel By therouxdown (originally posted to Flickr as Reese profile) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Molina’s Parrot from Philip Lutley Sclater and W. H. Hudson, Argentine Ornithology: A Descriptive Catalogue of the Birds of the Argentine Republic (1888-89) in Wikimedia
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