โท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians
Four-horned chameleon
- Trioceros quadricornis
Origin: Cameroon and Nigeria
Gender: Trioceros
Life expectancy: 4 - 6 years
Length: 25 to 35 cm.
The Four-horned chameleon, also known as Cameroon bearded chameleon, it is recognizable not only by its four protruding horns, but also because of his flaky "beard", its large crest and sail-shaped fin.
The Four-horned chameleon (Trioceros quadricornis) only found in some land areas of Cameroon and eastern Nigeria; its range includes the western highlands, the bamboo massif, Mount Manengouba, the oku massif, the Bakossi mountains, including Mount Kupe, and the Obudu Plateau in Nigeria. In particular, the subspecies Trioceros quadricornis eisentrauti is endemic to the Rumpi Hills in Cameroon.
Characteristics / Appearance
Like many other chameleons, the Four-horned chameleon it has a prehensile tail and simple claws on its toes. Usually, has four protruding horns, but sometimes two with up to four adjacent reduced horns are present;adults usually grow to 25 to 35 cm long. The Four-horned chameleon male has a prominent hemipenal bulge and gular beard, while some females have a horn or even two horns at the tip of their snout.
Habitat
In general, the Four-horned chameleon has a presence extension of 13.300 km2 and an inferred occupation area of 1.000 km2. The species is mainly associated with relatively intact montane forests with little human activity, where it has a relatively restricted elevation range (1150 to 2400 m). Research suggests this likely reflects competition with other chameleon species rather than physiological tolerances.. The type locality of the species is Monte Manegouba in Cameroon
Behavior
The species feeds almost exclusively on arthropods..
Reproduction: puts up 14 eggs.
Incubation period between 130-160 days at 18-25ยฐC. Temperatures should not exceed 25ยฐC.
Life expectancy: a few 7 years.
Threats to the species
State of conservation โ
Vulnerable โ(UICN)โ
The main threat to this species is deforestation.. Agricultural development extends to the 1.700 m altitude near the village of Nsoung on Mount Manengouba, and the forest on the southeast slope of the mountain is rapidly disappearing. In 1995, forest degradation on the western slope of Mount Kupe had reached 1.200 m above sea level, due to selective logging for firewood and construction materials. So, future encroachment of human activities on the slope may pose a threat to this chameleon, which depends on a largely pristine forest and, therefore, likely to be at risk from forest degradation or clearing. Deforestation for cultivation and the burning of nearby grasslands to renew pasture for cattle threaten the species in much of its range..
Due to its small and fragmented distribution area and the numerous threats that weigh on the population, the Four-horned chameleon It is classified as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
Of the three subspecies, T. quadricornis quadricornis, T. quadricornis gracilior and T. quadricornis eisentrauti. The T. q. quadricornis is the most common, but the gracilior not uncommon. The T. quadricornis eisentrauti, on the other hand, not known (far as I know) that is in captive collections. It is even difficult to find images of the subspecies.
It is not a pet suitable for beginners.
The terrarium
terrarium size: individual storage is recommended. It is possible to keep the animals in pairs, but always pay attention to size and furnishings. For single breeding: A terrarium of at least 100 x 60 x 120 cm..
The cages/flexarios they are just as suitable. Chameleons love fresh air..
Temperature
During the day approx.. 20-25ยฐC, local heating up to approx.. 30-32ยฐC. Go down to at least 15ยฐC at night. Better still lower. If a cool cellar is available, you can also spend the night there.
Humidity
The humidity in the terrarium should range between 80-100%. In the morning and evening, spray the terrarium with warm water. But, Please, do not spray the animal.
Lighting and temperature
Daylight fluorescent tubes and/or light bulbs.
To obtain sufficient UV radiation, We use a solar light 75 watts for hobbyists. Get a surrounding heating of about 25-27 ยฐC and local heating up to 32 ยฐC at the highest point of the terrarium. In this case, an additional daylight lamp is not necessary..
Substrate
For us, pine bark and forest leaves have given good results, but it can be terrarium sand… The 30% of the terrarium soil must be kept moist at all times. The leaves of the forest serve as living food. to the piglets, for example, they like to crawl under, the leaves are moved by the animals and the chameleon can naturally search and observe the prey and then hunt it on its own.
Decoration terrarium
Lots of climbing opportunities, branches should not be too thick or slippery and should be easy to grip with feet.
Privacy screen for the rear and side walls. In summer, we take a flexo to the garden.
For planting we use Ficus benjamini and ivy, bamboo and, of course, a trough made by ourselves.
Food
house crickets, mealybugs, cockroaches, two-spotted crickets, zophobas, meal worms, wax worms, etc.
In summer, they go to a secluded meadow armed with a net and collect everything that crawls and flies. But it's better to do without roadside critters. We don't want to poison it!
Regular mineral and vitamin supplements are also indispensable in this case.
They only eat fruits and vegetables to cover their water needs.
The sprayed and dripping leaves are gladly used as a water source.
Buy one "Four-horned chameleon"
These Cameroonian chameleons ultra rare they are highly prized within the reptile community for their incomparable horns, its high dorsal crest, its coloration and scarcity.
Its price in the exotic animal market is around 200 EUR.
Videos "Four-horned chameleon"
Four Horned Chameleon (Trioceros quadricornis) | Zeppelin the Uni-Quad and Eris
1. Four-horned chameleon, Eisentraut’s chameleon (English).
2. Camรฉlรฉon ร quatre cornes, Chamaeleo quadricornis (French).
3. Vierhรถrniges Chamรคleon, Eisentraut-Chamรคleon, Vierhornchamรคleon (German).
4. Camaleรฃo de quatro chifres, Camaleรฃo de Eisentraut (Portuguese).
5. "Camaleรณn de cuatro cuernos", Camaleรณn de Eisentraut, Camaleรณn cuadricorne (espaรฑol).
โท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians
Boa imperator
- Boa constrictor imperator
Origin: Mexico, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama and the island of San Andres in Colombia.
Gender: Boa
Life expectancy: 25 years
Length: 1,3 - 2.5 m
The Boa imperator is twilight and nocturnal. During the day it hides in caves, hollow trees or other shelters and only occasionally comes out to sunbathe.
Boa constrictor imperator, observed in the Gandoca Manzanillo Wildlife Refuge in Costa Rica – Lucas Vogel, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Content
Origin / Distribution
The distribution area of the Boa imperator (Boa constrictor imperator) It is distributed on both coasts to the north of Mexico., throughout Central America (Honduras, Belice, Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama) and in South America in the western Andes of Ecuador, Colombia and probably Peru.
It lives from sea level to 1000 m. In Ecuador it has been reported in the provinces of Esmeraldas, Manabi, The rivers, Guayas and El Oro.
Characteristics / Appearance
The Boa imperator (Boa constrictor imperator) It's kind of powerful, with animals that live in both Central America and northern South America, so the appearance of this snake varies greatly depending on the specific locality. As one of the smallest Boa species, They have an average of 1,3 m and 2,5 m in length when fully adult, but it is known that they reach 3,7 m. They usually weigh around 6 kg, although females are significantly larger than males. The life expectancy in nature is about 20-30 years, but in captivity they can exceed 40.
Although the Boa imperator It has almost identical patterns to those of the Boa constrictor, this species usually has a darker tail, usually dark brown or very dark red. But, They are usually as colorful as their counterparts and, like the largest boas, can be bred in a variety of different colors, if the right conditions are given for its reproduction.
In particular, this species is one of only two snakes to have a confirmed XY sex chromosome system.
One population is found in the Cayos Cochinos off the north coast of Honduras.. These are naturally hypomelanistic, which means they have reduced melanin, so they are lighter in color, although they retain the distinctive darker tail that is characteristic of most members of this species. Tail color can vary from salmon pink to orange.
Nicaraguan boa imperator
Another well-known population of Boa imperator is the Nicaraguan. Although not as small as the dwarf populations of the insular islands, adults are still smaller than the largest Boa constrictor constrictor. the size of a boa Nicaraguan mature female is from 1,1 m and 1,9 kg, while the female Boa constrictor constrictor, largest, is not mature until it reaches 1,6 m and 4,5 kg. Nicaraguan individuals typically have a compact saddle pattern on their backs that is often circular in shape. These boas have a reputation for being "biting", and some individuals are quick to bite in self defense.
Continental specimens from Colombia may be among the largest boas, but this subspecies also includes a number of dwarf island populations, like those of several Caribbean islands. These populations represent the smallest members of the species..
Habitat
This snake mainly inhabits rainforests, although it can also be found in semi-arid areas of tropical dry forests, grasslands, semi-desert areas, tropical islands, agricultural land and plantations. It is usually found in open spaces, how clear, forest edges, rivers (both in the water and on beaches) and near human populations.
Behavior
The Boa imperator is twilight and nocturnal. During the day it hides in caves, hollow trees or other shelters and only occasionally comes out to sunbathe. Juveniles spend most of their time on tree branches., while the adults, with increasing age and weight, They live almost exclusively on the ground.. But even here there are exceptions, for example, the Saint Lucian boa lives mainly in trees even as an adult. In general, the Boa imperator shows little need to move. An adult boa equipped with a transmitter in the wild moved only 135 meters in a period of twelve days.
Diet
Except for bugs and spiders, the Boa imperator eats all the animals it can handle in size, even hitting the little alligators. Usually, uses two different hunting methods: Either actively follows the scent trails of prey, or wait for the right moment as a hunter on the prowl. When the snake gets close enough to the prey by one of these methods, launches at lightning speed and then crushes the victim using the bonds of his muscular body. The dam is squeezed so tight that circulatory collapse occurs rather than death by suffocation, as previously thought. Depending on the size of the prey, This process can take up to 16 minutes and represents a considerable effort for the snake. To avoid wasting unnecessary energy, the snake senses the prey's heartbeat and stops the suffocation process as soon as cardiac arrest occurs.
A special hunting method has also been observed in young boas: They wag their tails like a worm and thus actively attract lizards.
Reproduction
Due to lack of field research, we have to draw on the experience gained from keeping these animals in terrariums. The corresponding activities -according to the subspecies- only take place in certain months. During these mating periods, the female secretes sexual attractants, that males actively follow. If the male then meets the female, scratches the flanks of it with its anal spurs until it finally raises its tail and allows penetration of the hemipenis. Courtship can last for weeks, and there are always several mating sessions, that can last several hours.
The Boa imperator gives birth to live young, that at birth are surrounded by a thin skin called the membrane or egg case. Between ovulation and birth there is an average of 120 to 150 days, and the moment of weaning the offspring is usually accompanied by rains. During and after the birth process, the female defends her young, and females have also been observed helping their young out of the egg membrane by nudging them or encouraging them to crawl. After birth, young snakes are fully grown and go foraging on their own.
Threats to the species
State of conservation โ
Minor Concern โ(UICN)โ
Hunting this species for its skins, meat and body parts, combined with active persecution and habitat loss have reduced populations of this species. In recent years, the number of hatcheries for its commercialization has increased..
Conservation status
UICN Red List of Threatened Species: Least concern
This giant non-venomous snake inhabits northern South America, Central America and southern Mexico. The climate there is subtropical to tropical., which is correspondingly warm and offers high humidity. Thus, for the keepers of this species of snake it is important that they reproduce well the climatic conditions of this region.
The Boa imperator is suitable as a beginner snake because it is quite robust against unfavorable weather conditions. But, this also has its limits. If the air in the terrarium is permanently too dry, this can lead to shedding problems. Normally, the snake should have no problem completely shedding its skin. If it happens several times that the remains of the skin stick to the body, then you should definitely check the weather in the terrarium.
The terrarium
Terrarium size requirements depend on the length of the animal. The following applies: length of the snake x 0.75m length and height of the terrarium, and the length of the snake x 0.5m for the width of the terrarium.
As in the natural environment of the Boa imperator there are only two seasons, one warm and humid and one cooler and drier, this should also be taken into account in the maintenance of the terrarium. No need to hibernate Boa imperator, but you can keep the terrarium temperature lower during the winter months and reduce feeding.
The temperature range must be in a range of 27 to 31 ยฐC. The ideal is that the temperature varies within the terrarium. There should be a humidity 65 to the 75%.
A wet box is recommended.
What substrate bark mulch can be used, sand or litter. If it is a young animal, climbing possibilities are very important.
The drinker should be large enough for the boa to lie on it without hindrance..
Behavior
The Boa imperator, has a nocturnal lifestyle. Young boas are very good climbers and spend a lot of time in the trees.. This changes over time and the boa becomes predominantly terrestrial..
In the first years of life, the boa sheds its skin at short intervals and grows quite rapidly.
As far as possible, the snake should not eat any food before molting, as this could cause shedding problems. If the accommodation is too dry, shedding problems can also occur.
The boa usually seems somewhat clumsy and lazy, since she often sits in one place and doesn't move much. But one is surprised at the speed with which he can attack.
From my own experience, I can say that you have to be wary of this animal. If you feel threatened, can also attack unexpectedly. But, if you already have it controlled, it is very easy to handle and seems quite relaxed. Of course, each snake has a different character and this behavior cannot be generalized. But, if the boa is handled often and is used to humans, incidents are very rare.
What to avoid, However, is to approach the snake with your hand in front, because in this case she does not realize that the prey is too big for her. but like i said, once you have it in your hands, he will normally behave peacefully and even enjoy the warmth of your hands.
For someone looking for a calm snake that can be let loose in the living room without trying to hide in a crevice, this species is highly recommended, as it is still "smaller" compared to other boa species!! But, it must be taken into account that the Boa imperator will also reach a certain length.
Final size can also be strongly influenced by feeding., especially in the early years.
Food
The choice of feeder depends on the size of the snake. Basically, it can be said that the food animal should be about the same diameter as the snake at the widest part of the body. If the snake has a diameter greater than that of a mouse, and there is no rat or anything else available, can directly feed two mice one after another. As with all snakes, young animals are more voracious and their metabolism is faster than that of adults, so you can feed them more often than once a week.
Rabbits are quite unsuitable for this snake, depending on the snake and rabbit specimen. Although boas can often eat animals three or four times larger than themselves, don't over do it. Remember that a snake digests against time. Anything that breaks down before being digested is regurgitated. This is not very tasty to see and above all to clean. By increasing the temperature in the terrarium, the decomposition process is correspondingly fast.
In its natural environment, the main diet of the boa consists of rodents and birds. But, also eats other mammals, lizards and frogs. Most of the time it stays in one place and waits for its prey., but if he has caught a scent he will also go hunting.
The Boa imperator kills its prey by strangling it. As such, is tied to the radius of curvature of its own spinal column when wrapped around the food animal. If the animal that serves it for food is smaller than the radius of curvature of its spine, then their prey can only be rendered unconscious. Imagine how heartbreaking it is to hear the snake's food animal begin to screech again.. Not to mention the internal injuries of the snake.
Buy one "Boa imperator"
Central American Boa Constrictor (good emperor), gomez farias, Gomez Farias Municipality, Tamaulipas, Mexico. photographed on 23 in August of 2007 by William L. Farr. – William L. Farr, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
The Boa imperator it is a wild species, a specially protected species, an endangered species and a particularly dangerous animal. The possession of a Boa imperator may be subject to different requirements in different countries and states
In any case, you should obtain reliable information on whether the possession of the snake requires a permit in your municipality and under what conditions, or if there is an obligation to register. Unfortunately, often you have to ask from A to B, since many administration employees do not know where this information can be obtained.
The vet can also be a point of contact.
In case you save yourself the trouble of informing yourself, you run the risk of having the animal confiscated. Most likely, there will be more problems and non-negligible costs.
Purchase costs of a "Boa imperator"
You can rarely buy one. Boa imperator in normal pet stores, but yes in the specialized ones. I don't think it's right that animals are bought by mail, although today it is also offered. You can also find reputable dealers and breeders at reptile shows, which are held from time to time even in small towns. The snake itself costs from a few 150 EUR.
But, the purchase of the terrarium is probably the biggest expense. This includes the terrarium, the heating, lighting, furniture and decoration, the humidification system (can also be a simple spray bottle) and lots of little items. Nor should running costs be swept under the rug.. Electricity costs for heating and lighting must be anticipated during the 24 hours of the day, as well as food expenses and occasional visits to the vet.
1. Boa imperator, Boa constrictor imperator, Common boa, Northern boa, Colombian boa, Common northern boa (English).
2. Boa Constrictor Impรฉrator, Boa imperator (French).
3. Kaiserboa, Abgottschlange, Hog Island Boa (German).
4. Boa imperator, Boa constrictor imperator (Portuguese).
5. "Boa comรบn", Mazacuata, Limacoa, Culebra-venado, Bรฉcquer (espaรฑol).
โท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians
Rice paddy snake
- Hypsiscopus plumbea
Origin: Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Indonesian, Viet Nam, South China and Taiwan
Gender: Hypsiscopus
Life expectancy: 15 years
Length: 72 cm.
The Rice paddy snake, mostly nocturnal, comes out at night to hunt fish and amphibians.
Rice paddy snake (Enhydris plumbea); California. 40cm TL. From Karawang, West Java – Wibowo Djatmiko (Wie146), CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Content
Origin / Distribution
The Rice paddy snake (Hypsiscopus plumbea) it is one of the most widespread Asian water snakes. Previously it was called Enhydris plumbea, but the name was changed 2014.
In mainland Southeast Asia, the Rice paddy snake is present in Myanmar, Indochina (Cambodia, Laos, Viet Nam), Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia. out of region, found in parts of India (Islas Andaman) and south China (including Taiwan). In insular Southeast Asia it is present on the islands of Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Bali, Sulawesi and possibly on other islands further east.
Characteristics / Appearance
Gray color on the upper part of his body, although in some populations its upper part can be olive gray, dark brown or green. There may be small dark spots along the vertebral line. Its underside is yellow, sometimes with black spots.
Its body is robust and cylindrical in section., its short head is barely wider than its body and its tail is short. His eyes are located on the top of his head.
Habitat
The species usually inhabits calm or shallow bodies of water, like rice paddies, open swamps, bogs, streams and ditches.
Behavior
The Rice paddy snake, mostly nocturnal, comes out at night to hunt fish and amphibians. They usually remain motionless in shallow stagnant water and also burrow into mud.. They also show a characteristic jump when trying to move quickly to escape.. They are quick to bite, starch, defecating and squirming excessively. They are not considered dangerous to humans.. They are slightly poisonous, but there are no known cases of poisoning or serious reactions in humans.
Threats to the species
No known conservation issues. It is a common species in Thailand, although its population in Taiwan is in danger.
The "Rice paddy snake" in captivity
The Rice paddy snake attacks aggressively when cornered on the ground, but its small size prevents it from causing much damage. Although it's a snake with back fangs and some venom, the poison has a limited effect on humans, being able to cause some swelling in the worst cases.
Buy one "Rice paddy snake"
The price of a "Rice paddy snake" at the exotic animal market, ranges between 80 – 100 EUR.
1. Rice paddy snake, Rice paddy snake, Plumbeous water snake, Boieโs Mud Snake (English).
2. Serpent de riz paddy (French).
3. Reisfeldschlange, Plumbeรถse Wasserschlange (German).
4. Cobra arroz em casca, Serpente de รกgua plumbeous (Portuguese).
5. "Serpiente acuรกtica de vientre amarillo", Serpiente de arroz con cรกscara, Serpiente de agua plomiza, Serpiente del arroz, Serpiente de arrozal (espaรฑol).
โท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians
Schneider's skink
- Eumeces schneideri
Origin: Central Asia , West Asia and North Africa
Gender: Eumeces
Life expectancy:
Length: 16,5 cm. + tail 20 cm..
The great skink North Africa and one of the most beautiful we can find, since the orange colors that it has on the back with the yellow sides make it a beautiful animal. feeding, In addition to giving it insects and worms, we can add fruit that it will take with pleasure.. Docile and manageable. Perfect.
Its price ranges from 30 and 40 EUR, 60 euros for the couple.
โท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians
South American horned frogs
- Ceratophrys
Origin: South America
Gender: Ceratophrys
Life expectancy: 6 - 10 years
Length: 18 cm.
The South American horned frogs They are originally from South America., but now they are bred in many color varieties.
In addition to the horn-shaped projections on the eyes that give them their name, the South American horned frogs (genus Ceratophrys) have other characteristic features: A huge mouth and an almost circular body. The South American horned frogs They are originally from South America., but now they are bred in many color varieties. The most common species are the Surinam horned frog (Ceratophrys cornuta), the Cranwell's horned frog (Ceratophrys cranwelli) and the Common foreshortening (Ceratophrys ornata). Occasionally, other species are offered - some as wild-caught specimens- as well as frequently sterile crosses. If possible, use captive-bred species.
Images "South American horned frogs"
Ceratophrys
calcarata
Ceratophrys
cornuta
Ceratophrys
cranwelli
Ceratophrys
ornata
Ceratophrys
stolzmanni
Ceratophrys
aurita
Sex differences
Differentiation of the sexes is difficult and is only possible in sexually mature animals.. Males develop heat calluses on the front legs, they usually have a darker throat region and call during the mating season.
Behavior
Like the South American horned frogs they occasionally eat their peers, it's better to keep them alone.
The South American horned frogs they are twilight and night.
Terrarium
The South American horned frogs they are hunters on the prowl, who like to dig and only actively seek food when hungry. One terrarium for an adult specimen it must measure at least 80 x 40 x 40 cm. (length x widht x hight).
Fluorescent tubes with a daily light duration of 10 to 12 hours are suitable for lighting. The optimum is a slight temperature gradient in the terrarium of between 24 and 30 ยฐ C with a 80 % moisture, so that the horned frog you can choose your preferred place of residence. At night, the temperature should drop to about 23 ยฐC y, at the same time, humidity should rise to 90 or the 95 %. The temperature can be regulated with the help of a heating mat installed outside the terrarium and that covers a maximum of one third of the floor surface. The heating mat should be controlled with the help of a thermocontroller to avoid overheating. Moisture can be achieved by spraying the terrarium With warm water. Precise thermometers and hygrometers are needed to measure temperature and humidity.
The height of the excavatable substrate (for example, a terrarium soil mix, coconut substrate, moss) must allow the frog to burrow completely and be of at least 10 cm for adult animals. The substrate should always be slightly moist (but not wet). This can be achieved by placing a drainage layer of expanded clay on the bottom.. Additional withdrawals (coconut shells, etc.), a shallow water basin and natural planting complete the assembly.
Diet
The South American horned frogs they are voracious eaters and prefer live insects (crickets, grasshopper, cockroaches, etc.), earthworms, slugs and small vertebrates. Regular administration of a mineral supplement ensures healthy bone growth. Mealworms, the zophobas, wax moths or mouse pups should be fed only rarely due to their high protein and fat content.
Caution: the South American horned frogs tend to become obese. In the case of adult animals, it is enough to feed them every two or three days.
Care
Food scraps and feces should be removed daily. Animals defecate in their self-dug hiding place; an occasional change of location should always be used to renew the substrate from the previous site. It also, all substrate must be replaced regularly. The water bowls should also be cleaned daily and filled with fresh water.
Animal health must be monitored daily. The most frequent health problems in the South American horned frogs are the softening of the bones, wasting or fatty degeneration. Skin changes are also more common, especially in the belly, often recognizable by a red coloration. So, the belly of the animals should be checked at least once a week. If there is any abnormality, consult a veterinarian who knows amphibians.
Acclimatization and handling
Amphibians are animals of pure observation and should NOT be petted. In the first days in his new home, animals need adequate rest to get used to their new environment. If required, animals must not be caught by hand, but with the help of a container. Only larger animals can be handled with care by hand (protection gloves). But, the South American horned frogs they tend to lash out at anything that moves and have teeth with which they can cause painful wounds. This is another reason why it is advisable to capture the animals with the help of a container..
Special features
Due to the rapid growth of young animals, a good supply of calcium and vitamins is very important.
The South American horned frogs are not subject to species protection legislation.
โท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians
Electric blue gecko
- Lygodactylus williamsi
Origin: Tanzania
Gender: Lygodactylus
Life expectancy: 5 - 10 years
Length: 5 - 8 cm.
The trade of Electric blue gecko is now banned in the EU. Cannot be kept or sold in the EU without documentation and permits, renewables every three years
Males and females of the Electric blue gecko do not show decisive differences in size. Most animals of this species reach a total body length of about 60-80 mm.
The length of the tail is more or less the same (not decisively minor) than the rest of the body including the head. Sex distinction is often made based on the intense blue coloration of males.. But, this method of sex determination can lead to considerable errors, since a male subdued, in contrast to the dominant rival, it doesn't have to show this intense coloration. So, clear sex determination is only possible in strict individual preservation or on the basis of male preanal pores (7 parts). It also, males can be recognized by a thickened tail root.
The females of the Lygodactylus williamsi they have a clear greenish-gold coloration. Both sexes are decorated with a black band from the muzzle over the eyes to the neck.. In the head, a second minor V-shaped line approaches the first. Juveniles of this species have the same coloration as females and are first recognized by distinctive preanal pores..
Distribution and habitat
The Electric blue gecko lives exclusively in the Kimbosa Forest, less than 4 kmยฒ, and in small nearby areas of Tanzania, and lives to some 350 m above sea level. The Kimboza forest area is very dry during the day and semi-humid at night. Ocean temperatures and rainfall prevail locally. The highest temperatures are reached in December and are 28 degrees Celsius. There is a dry season from the end of June to the end of August. In the other months maximum values of 24 degrees. This species lives in trees and is found mainly in trees of Pandanus (Pandanus kirkii and rabaiensis).
The Electric blue gecko (Lygodactylus williamsi) is under the protection of EU Appendix B in December 2014, under the protection of EU Appendix A in January 2017 and under the protection of CITES Appendix I in January 2017. Cannot be kept or sold in the EU without documentation and permits, renewables every three years, and Geckos must now register. Similar restrictions apply in some other jurisdictions. Trade in these animals is now banned in the EU.
Specimens bred for which an exemption from the trading ban has been issued are exempt from the ban.. So, breeders of these species will in future have to apply for such a marketing permit from their competent nature conservation authority before they can sell their offspring.
Terrarium
Relatively little is known about the life expectancy of the Electric blue gecko in the terrarium. This is because this species was recently discovered and, therefore, has not been kept in the terrarium for a long time. According to other species of Lygodactylus, life expectancy is between 6 and 9 years. It is already known that, especially in the male, intense blue coloration becomes darker and darker and, Therefore, represents the first sign of the aging process.
The huge sexual impulse of the male is often reported and therefore a maintenance of 1,2 or 1,3, so that a single female does not suffer this sexual pressure. I personally recommend keeping the 1.1 for the moment, only if necessary, and whether the terrarium is large enough, possibly a female can be added later. Note that with a 1.x breeding, each animal should have its own place to sunbathe.
The male may copulate once a day after laying the eggs and, for the rest, leaves the female alone. Copulation can last between 10 and 45 minutes. After a brief acclimatization period, one quickly realizes that the Electric blue gecko not a shy species and makes the most of the tank. Especially the male turns out to be a real acrobat and does gymnastics all over the terrarium. Its main phase of activity is mainly in the afternoon, which now lasts until shortly before the lights go out. In the terrarium you can experience jumps of more than 20 cm over and over again.
Terrarium measurements
According to legal regulations, the terrarium must be a size of 30 x 30x 40 cm.. (Length x width x height) As minimum (if a Electric blue gecko of 5 cm.). But, this size cannot be recommended at all and is too small. Due to the behavior already described, a larger terrarium is recommended so that animals can also follow their natural preferences. A terrarium with a minimum size of 50 x 50 x 80 for breeding 1.1. for breeding 1.2 a terrarium with dimensions of 60 x 60 x 100. Of course, the terrarium can also be much larger, because the bigger, best!
When buying the terrarium, make sure that the upper ventilation area is greater than the 6 to 10 cm that standard terrariums usually have. It is also very advantageous to use fine gauze if you want to offer it to the Drosophila as food from time to time.
I can only disagree with the frequently asked questions that it is supposedly more difficult for the animals to get hold of food in a larger tank and that, Therefore, a smaller tank is recommended. The Electric blue gecko It, on the one hand, a very good and agile hunter and, for another, nothing is served on a silver platter in nature. Even in young animals, a pronounced hunting instinct can be observed, which should certainly be encouraged.
Decoration terrarium
As a substrate we use a layer of large balls of expanded clay/seramis as drainage and a layer of untreated coconut fiber on top of it.. To prevent the soil from settling over time and mixing the two layers, you must add a layer of fleece. It is recommended to inoculate the substrate with white isopods and tropical springtails. They can serve as food, but mainly take care of the tasks of natural waste disposal (mold, feces, dead plants).
Otherwise, it is advisable to have at least one large-leaved plant, as: Sanseveria, bromeliads, Palm trees, etc., since they are usually used as walking areas, rest, removal and egg laying. Cork tubes, the branches, lianas or bamboo tubes can be used as additional furniture.
Illumination
In commercial terrariums, a large part of the UV radiation is filtered due to the insufficient ventilation zone at the top and the forced placement of the light source on the glass, and does not reach the animal at all. It also, the glass can crack in the worst case due to the high heat.
In any case, lighting for Geckos (and also for chameleons) must be installed outside the terrarium, because animals, very agile and jumping, can burn with the light source. Metal halide lamps (for example, Bright Sun, SolarRaptor, etc.), which are highly recommended, get very hot and there is a risk of injury.
In any terrarium of any species of gecko or chameleon, lighting - without exception- must be placed outside the terrarium! It doesn't matter what you've been told in a pet store.
Of course, tank lighting should be chosen individually. But, you must pay special attention to the necessary UV radiation. This ultraviolet radiation is very important because reptiles are tetrachromatic.. This means they see in the UV-A range and, unlike us, also have photoreceptors.
So-called compact lamps are not recommended (energy saving lamps) or fluorescent tubes, since neither the illuminance (lux) nor the UV intensity are sufficient for lighting. But, Unfortunately, this type of lighting is often used for cost reasons. You have to be aware that keeping terrariums is a hobby that requires a lot of technology and costs., and you should not skimp on the most basic element (lighting). Insufficient lighting causes deficiency symptoms and diseases in animals.
On a sunny day in nature, an illuminance of approximately 100.000 lux. By way of comparison, compact lamps reach an average of 1.500 lux, while metal halide lamps (HQI) reach approximately 60.000 lux. These values โโspeak for themselves.
For these reasons, it is advisable to buy an HQI spotlight with the appropriate ballast. Bright Sun, Reptile Expert or Solar Raptor can be recommended without reservation. At the time of buying, it is essential to take into account the power and the variant (flood or spot) depending on the size of the terrarium and the manufacturer's specifications (minimum distance to the animal). These lamps must be replaced no later than one year later than, as UV emission is not guaranteed after this period. Also keep in mind that your animals will thank you for this investment with health and activity.
Temperature in the terrarium
The temperature should oscillate between 26 and 30 degrees during the day, and occasionally up to 34 degrees. Make sure each animal has a place to sunbathe. At night, the temperature can oscillate between 18 and 22 degrees (approximately the ambient temperature). Relative humidity should be between the 50 and the 65% during the day and increase to 80% At night.
Food
All usual feeding animals can be offered. Medium-sized crickets, terfly, baked fish and occasionally fruit pulp, Repashy Daygecko Food or gelatin have been successful. Drosophila or worms rarely occur. Drosophila are not well tolerated by all animals and should never be used as exclusive food.. Small wax worms are popular, but they are very rich in content and should be offered as a rare gift or to feed themselves. Otherwise, animals can easily become obese.
Feeding insects should be dusted with a vitamin preparation before approximately every two meals.. We use Korvimin (available at the veterinarian), Herpetal T or Reptivite. Reptivite sticks to feeders better than Korvimin. It also, the animals fed must have been previously fed for an appropriate period of time (good load). We will use DIY gelatin, Repashy SuperLoad or BugBurger for our crickets. You can also use oatmeal, Cucumber, carrots, apples, etc., but the above products are easier to use and there is no risk of mold, but they are also much more expensive.
for females, there should be some cuttlefish/calcium citrate separately in a small container, for an increase in calcium needs (for example, during pregnancy) can be covered individually. The water supply is ensured by spraying water on the terrarium equipment every day. Please, do not use waterfalls or nebulizers, even if it seems "nice" to you, as water becomes contaminated quickly and animals can get sick.
Reproduction and rearing in the terrarium
Due to the enormous demand of the Electric blue gecko, breeding is essential to protect the natural habitat of these animals. During the breeding season, females usually glue a double laying (2 eggs) to an accessory or use an offered place of oviposition. If possible, the laying must be transferred to an incubator. But, no problem in incubating the laying in the terrarium, unless damaged by daily spraying of terrarium furniture. It is not impossible for the parents to chase the young. Our first clutch of eggs could not be removed from the terrarium and one of the hatchlings was eaten by one of the parents., although they were provided with enough food as a precaution.
At a constant incubation temperature of 25 degrees Celsius, the pups will be born after a few 90 days. Due to relatively low temperatures, a higher than average number of females can be bred.
As eggs are hard shelled, moisture does not play an important role during incubation. Once the pups have hatched, I transfer them to our breeding terrarium.
Video Electric blue gecko
Electric Blue Geckos (Lygodactylus williamsi) at LLLReptile
1. Turquoise dwarf gecko, William’s dwarf gecko (English).
2. Gecko de William (French).
3. Tรผrkisblauer Zwergtaggecko, Williams-Zwerggecko (German).
4. Lagartixa anรฃ turquesa, Lagartixa anรฃ de William (Portuguese).
5. Gecko enano turquesa, Gecko enano de William (espaรฑol).
โท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians
Crested gecko
- Correlophus ciliatus
Origin: New Caledonia
Gender: Correlophus
Life expectancy: 15 - 20 years
Length: 15 - 25 cm. + 10 - 15 cm. (tail)
The "Crested Gecko" in captivity is docile and tolerates regular handling – Jazium, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Content
Origin
The Crested gecko (Correlophus ciliatus) is located at the southern end of Grande Terre, the main island of New Caledonia, and on the island of Pins, what makes it endemic.
Although the natural habitat of the Crested gecko continues to decline due to permanent environmental degradation, unfortunately not subject to any international protection status. It is being considered in protected status by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).
Description
The Crested gecko usually measures between 15-25 cm length, including between 10-15 cm of tail. Among the most distinctive features of these geckos are the hair-like projections above the eyes., that look a lot like tabs. These projections continue in the form of two rows of spines that run from the eyes to the sides of its wedge-shaped head and continue to the base of its tail..
The Crested gecko no eyelids. In its place, a transparent scale, or glasses, keeps each eye moist, using the tongue to clean up waste.
These geckos have a semi-prehensile tail that they use to climb. Tail can be dropped (via caudal autotomy) to distract predators. The Crested gecko do not regenerate their tail once they have lost it; most adults in the wild lack a tail.
The toes and the tip of the semi-prehensile tail are covered with small hairs called setae. Each mushroom is divided into hundreds of smaller hairs (of about 200 nanometers in diameter) called spatulas. These structures are thought to take advantage of the weak van der Waals force to help the gecko climb most solid surfaces., easier in the flatter and smoothest, like glass or wood. The fingers have small claws that help them climb over surfaces that their fingers can't hold onto..
Habitat
It is arboreal in nature and lives in the treetops of humid forests., hot and dense lowland vegetation.
The Crested gecko perches on tree branches, but also in the holes of the branches that serve as a hiding place. Its period of activity begins at dusk and ends in the early hours of the morning.
Characteristics
The Crested gecko it is a crepuscular and nocturnal gecko and less shy than the species of the genus Rhacodactylus.
She is a skilled climber. For this it has the help of its adhesive sheets and its claws, as well as his tail, which serves as an additional gripping organ and to maintain balance. Like most Geckos, the Crested gecko is able to release the tail in case of danger (autotomy). But, does not form a full regenerate, so there is only a short stump left.
The growth of the Geckos in general it has no comparison with that of many other reptile species.
Its nature is slow growing. While many species of Geckos of the warm regions of the world grow completely in 1 or 2 years maximum, all the Gecko of New Caledonia need more time for their development.
In the case of Crested gecko need 3 years until they have grown at all.
But, in general, each animal must be considered individually.
Even siblings born on the same day and raised the same way can grow up totally different.
There is a wide range of colors on the market, the following types have demonstrated their heritage over time.
No pattern | Exists 1 color Orange, Yellow, White, Negro…
Bicolor | 2 colors with mostly light reverses
Tricolor | The animal is completely stamped or superimposed with 3 colors.
Tiger / Striped | Patterns very rich in contrast, mostly single basic color.
Design harlequin interlaced with dark background tone
Rear stripe mostly white and the rest very dark
Morphs There are many of these on the market, but only the years will show if the inheritance is guaranteed.
The "Crested gecko" in captivity
Terrarium
The terrarium for him Crested gecko must be high enough, as they are inhabitants of trees and are almost never found on the ground. As a key to the size of the terrarium we recommend calculating with the head-torso length of the animal. The size of the terrarium is calculated as follows for non-adult animals:
Terrarium floor space: 4 x 3 times the head-torso length of the animal.
Height of the terrarium: Four times the head-torso length of the animal.
Observe the growth of the animal in the coming months (fast-growing animal/slow-growing animal).
Terrarium decoration
TERRARIUM ยซGECKO EXOTERER
The Crested gecko it is an excellent climber and needs several cork branches and cork tubes. The bamboo poles also have a decorative aspect and provide the animal with a space to walk, including the coveted heat point under a spotlight. As such, place a branch or root at the right distance from the light source so that the right temperature is created in it. Some vertical climbing possibilities should not be missing.
It also, the terrarium must be well decorated with plants. Artificial plants are a practical option, as they can be easily cleaned of feces.
The substrate suitable is the bark bed (Also called "crust") and the land of the terrarium. Moss cushions are decorative and regulate humidity. Droppings and food scraps should be removed daily.
Temperature and lighting of the terrarium
Although they are twilight and nocturnal, the Crested gecko sometimes sunbathe and will gladly accept a spot of ultraviolet light. It also, only an optimal supply of UV-B light provides enough vitamin D3 for young animals to grow optimally and adults to also be in top shape and display their bright colors.. We recommend the JBL L-U-W Light, which is available in various powers and in the version ยซJungleยซ. This type of lighting provides light, heat and UVA/UVB rays.
As a caregiver, can get an especially good climate (and easy to control) using a heating mat under part of the floor of your terrarium. Although the Crested gecko almost never goes to the ground to warm up there, yes it heats the basic temperature of the high terrarium -which by design is similar to a fireplace- from below. These terrariums usually have too low temperatures in the lower half of the terrarium outside of summer., so the fry have a hot back and a cold belly. The heating mat must be accompanied by a thermostat. In this way, always get the right climate, as the heating mat turns on automatically when needed.
A plus point is the more favorable energy consumption in terms of the environment, since terrariums operated in this way not only require lower power for point lamps, but also, usually, fix themselves with less energy. For one uniform lighting of your terrarium as decoration of your living space, we recommend the LED lighting across the entire terrarium. Light and heating sources are always turned on and off at a daily rate by means of a timer, 14h on, 10h off.
Food
Food-Crested gecko – ExoTerra
The Crested gecko seems very quiet, but he is a good hunter. Feeding insects (crickets, domestic crickets, grasshopper, etc.) they are always sprinkled with mixtures of vitamins and minerals. This is the only way to avoid irreversible deficiencies, which can often lead to serious illness or even death in young animals and pregnant females, for example.
Feeding animals must always be adapted to the size of the Gecko. Feed only insects that will be eaten directly. Otherwise, feeding animals would disperse in the terrarium, they would hide away and get rid of the attached vitamins/minerals – the result is malnutrition and malnutrition despite food supplies. They also like to eat fruit pulp, for example, food for the Crested gecko from Exoterra.
Social behavior and reproduction
The Crested gecko can be held individually or in a group. Males are territorial and incompatible with each other. They can be very demanding with females, so it is not recommended to keep them as a "couple.".
Females put 2 eggs several times a year, that burrow into the moist substrate. After 60-120 days at 21ยฐC to 28ยฐC the young hatch.
For sale "Crested gecko"
The price of a "Crested gecko" at the exotic animal market, bred in captivity, ranges between 60 – 80 EUR.
Videos"Crested gecko"
My Correlophus ciliatus and the aquaterrarium bombinas orientalis | dadenReptilera
โท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians
Aquatic Turtle
Maintenance in captivity
Aquatic Turtle
Content
Keeping โWater Turtlesโ in the Garden Pond
Especially for the Aquatic Turtle bigger, keep them in a garden pond could be an optimal solution. Especially when you have several adult aquatic turtles, a aquaterrarium it is usually too small or a bigger one just too expensive.
Of course, the pond must be large enough and species-appropriate temperatures are a basic requirement.
According to the regulations for the conservation of nature and animals, the pond must be fenced. This is important because turtles are protected species.
The pond must be at least one meter deep, but there should also be shallow water areas.
Aquaterrarium – turtle farming
The aquaterrarium is a mixture of Aquarius and terrarium. The swamp and water turtles they mainly need a generous aquatic area, as they spend most of their time in the water.
The soil must have a surface area of at least 50 ร 120 cm for a adult aquatic turtle.
The more turtles you have, the bigger the aquarium should be. The water must have a depth of at least 40 to 50 cm.. Also need a powerful filter and a heater.
A land part is also needed, because aquatic turtles also like to sunbathe. This should be as easy as possible for the turtles to reach., as buoyancy is scarce out of water.
Prefabricated aquariums usually have a platform with inclined access, which is also recommended.
The terrestrial part of the aquaterrarium should be large enough so that all aquatic turtles can sit there at the same time.
Equipment for the aquatic terrarium
For the aquatic terrarium a filter powerful, a heater, decorations for the aquarium, the floor and also the right lighting.
They can also be included plants in the aquatic terrarium. Since it needs to be cleaned frequently, the selected plant should be easy to care for and insensitive.
Recommended, for example, the plants Sansevieria, as they also increase the quality of the water. Another option is bamboo sticks, that take up little space.
Also keep in mind that an aquarium must have a firm base.. Also recommended is a aquarium furniture as a basis.
The lighting
The illumination is vitally important to keep turtles in a aquaterrarium. Lighting ensures simulation of species-appropriate day and night, and aquatic turtles also need to sunbathe from time to time.
The duration of lighting must be adapted to the annual rhythm.
Lighting illuminates the landing area (sunny area) and the island of asoleo in the aquaterrarium.
UV-B temperature should be 40-45ยฐC in the landing zone so that body function can be maintained.
What food do aquatic turtles really need??
Diet is especially important for a turtle. Otherwise, keeping them is problematic. It is often assumed that the aquatic turtles are purely carnivorous.
But, the Aquatic Turtle they feed mainly on plants, although the meat (fish, insects) is an important part of your diet.
Many of the typical diseases of the Aquatic Turtle are the result of an incorrect diet, so a balanced diet is very important.
The ideal ratio of plant and animal food varies according to the species of aquatic turtle. It is worth doing more detailed research on this..
Feeding with prepared food should only be done to a limited extent.
Recommended food for aquatic turtles
The calcium and vitamin D3 are vital for Aquatic Turtle. The most popular plants for the diet are water lettuce, the duckweed, the Water lilies, the frog, the dandelion and pond liverwort.
Plant foods often lack vitamin D3, but this can be compensated by UV-B radiation.
The recommended animal feeds are the prawns, the snails, the common earthworm and also the brown prawns. To young turtles, in particular, like to hunt.
You can encourage them to eat a species-appropriate diet with May fly larvae, mosquito larvae or water fleas.
What a Water Turtle Shouldn't Eat
An incorrect diet can lead to illness or even death of the turtle. The fruit and vegetable should be avoided altogether, otherwise digestive problems may occur.
Maintenance of Water Turtles – hibernation
Not all aquatic turtles Hibernate, this should be clear to all caregivers.
It depends on the geographical origin of the species of aquatic turtle whether hibernation occurs or not. So, it is very important that the turtle species is correctly identified.
A basic distinction is made between:
Hibernating aquatic turtles
Aquatic turtles with a reduced activity phase and
Aquatic turtles from warm regions that have neither hibernation nor reduced activity phase.
Aquatic turtles with hibernation
Some species of aquatic turtles from temperate latitudes maintain their winter torpor, that must be artificially induced in an aquaterrarium.
Due to heating and lighting settings, the water temperature and also the lighting decrease considerably in November.
The aquatic turtle reduces its metabolism, gradually becomes slow and eventually stops eating.
At a water temperature of about 10ยบC, the turtle goes into hibernation. Metabolism is reduced to a minimum and heart and respiratory rate decreases.
The aquatic turtle can now be transferred to the refrigerator or cellar, temperature should be 4-7ยฐC.
during hibernation, the turtle is placed in a plastic bathtub, the water level should reach just above the shell.
The turtle must be able to pull its head out of the water. Hibernation begins after 10-12 weeks. The animals are again exposed to a higher temperature and get used to longer "sunny days".
With rising temperatures, the circulation of aquatic turtles increases again and the amount of food can be increasing.
Aquatic turtles with a reduced activity phase
The reduced activity phase is also typical of some aquatic turtles of temperate latitudes.
Just like during hibernation, lighting and also temperatures in the aquarium are gradually reduced. Temperature should be 15-17ยฐC, the lighting is off.
Turtles become lazy and barely eat. But, it is important to continue feeding the Aquatic Turtle.
Hibernation occurs by gradually increasing the temperature, lighting and adding food.
Aquatic turtles from warm regions
The Aquatic Turtle of warm regions do not hibernate or have a reduced activity phase.
Only water temperatures and also lighting should be adapted to the respective annual rhythm of the aquatic turtles.
What should be observed during the hibernation of aquatic turtles in general?
Next, we will explain what should be observed during the hibernation of aquatic turtles.
Before hibernation:
Comprehensive examination for infections and parasites.
Treatment against worms
deep defecation
Weigh the turtle
Before hibernation, the turtle must be healthy (clean eyes and nose).
during hibernation
Keep the temperature constant
Aquatic turtles should not be disturbed
Regularly check turtles for diseases and abnormalities
end hibernation immediately in the following cases:
The turtle has awakened, recognizable diseases on the shell or skin.
Mold in water, other diseases
after hibernation:
Weigh the turtle. The difference should be around the 10%.
Examine the turtle: Health, behavioral anomalies
Check temperature and lighting
Initially, a low water level is recommended to prevent the turtle from drowning
How much does a Water Turtle really cost?
The aquatic turtles they are not cheap pets. The primary purchase of a water turtle costs - depending on the species- between 30 and 120 EUR.
The most important item is the cost of the aquaterrarium and the associated team. Expenses can quickly add up to 1.000 EUR.
It is recommended to choose a larger tank even for a still very small aquatic turtle, since in any case it would have to be expanded as it grows.
It also, are the running costs of the vet and, possibly, turtle food. Here you should calculate with 20-40 euros per month.
Legal regulations for the possession of aquatic turtles
In the case of some species of turtles, EU species protection regulation must be respected, especially in the case of turtles.
These may include, the turtles of the Appendix A of the Washington Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora must be registered and there is an obligation to label them.
These may include, the Red-eared slider and all subspecies of ornamental turtles are included in the Appendix B of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.
So, these species are subject to mandatory registration and proof of origin is required.
Frequently asked questions
How much does a Water Turtle cost??
Among 30 and 120 EUR.
How many years does a water turtle live?
Until 60 years.
How do you know the age of a turtle?
The most common method to calculate the age of a turtle is to observe the lines that form on its shell.
How often to feed a water turtle?
Adult aquatic turtles should be fed animal food about twice a week, and the young every two days.
What can an aquatic turtle eat?
Most species of aquatic turtles are mainly herbivorous, but the meat (insects, fish, etc.) it is also an important part of their diet.
Can aquatic turtles eat on land?
Aquatic turtles eat in the water. Most species also cannot swallow on land.
What to keep in mind with aquatic turtles?
They are kept to 28 degrees of water temperature and at least 28 air temperature degrees. In the part of the ground that is directly under the UV lamp it must be at least 38 degrees and a maximum of 45 degrees. The tank should be covered with glass plates, only the area above the UV lamp is free.
What aquarium do I need for aquatic turtles?
An aquaterrarium of 120 x 50 centimeters is enough for an adult animal.
List of "Water Turtles" for maintenance in captivity