Several representatives of the Toads (Bufonidae) and narrow-mouthed frogs (Microhylidae) are regularly offered in pet stores. The toads Frequently encountered are the following the common asian toad (Duttaphrynus (Bufo) melanostictus) and the North American green toad (Anaxyrus (Bufo) debilis), as well as the false tomato frog (Dyscophus guineti), the Banded bullfrog (Kaloula pulchra) and banded rubber frog (Phrynomantis bifasciatus). Buying wild-caught specimens in favor of captive-bred should always be avoided.

Differentiation of the sexes is only possible in sexually mature animals. The males are usually smaller and in many species they develop calluses on the toes of the front legs.. Males ready to mate call, sometimes very strongly and persistently.

The True toad and Narrow-mouthed frogs do not show pronounced social behavior. Most of them are peaceful with each other and can be kept individually, in pairs or groups. But, animals must not differ significantly in size.

The True toad and Narrow-mouthed frogs are mostly crepuscular or nocturnal.

Most species like to burrow and need a substrate of corresponding height. One terrarium for a single specimen of the smallest species (for example, the green dwarf toad) should have a floor space of at least 30 x 40 cm., for various animals of 60 x 40 cm.. In the case of the larger species (as the common asian toad, very active), the terrarium should not measure less than 80 x 50 cm. (length x WIDTH) for a single animal or 100 x 50 cm for several specimens. For species that grow a lot (for example, the Cane toad – Rhinella marina), are needed terrariums much bigger. Height terrarium (at least 30 cm.) not especially important for animals that live on the ground.

Fluorescent tubes with a daily lighting time of 10 to 12 hours are suitable for lighting. The optimum is a slight temperature gradient in the terrarium of about 23 – 28 °C with a humidity of 70 % approximately. This can be achieved by spraying the terrarium daily.. At night, the temperature should drop a bit for many species (normally not below 20 °C) and, at the same time, humidity should rise to 90 – 95 %. For the basic temperature, weak heating mats can be used, installed outside the terrarium. They can be used to heat the floor (at most one third of the soil surface!) or the walls. With the help of a thermocontroller, the heating mat can be specifically controlled to prevent overheating. Precise thermometers and hygrometers are needed to measure temperature and humidity.

The height of the excavatable substrate (for example, a terrarium soil mix, bark mulch, moss) must allow animals to fully excavate. The substrate should be slightly damp after daily spraying and should never dry out completely.. We must also avoid waterlogging.

Additional withdrawals (for example, coconut shells), a shallow water basin and natural planting complete the assembly.

Animals prefer to feed on live insects (crickets, crickets, grasshopper, cockroaches, etc.), worms and slugs. Regular administration of a mineral supplement ensures healthy bone growth. Mealworms, zophobas and wax moths should be fed only rarely due to their high protein and fat content.

Caution: many True toad and Narrow-mouthed frogs tend to gain weight. In the case of adult animals, it is enough to feed them every two or three days.

Food scraps and feces should be removed daily. Animals usually defecate in their own hiding place, so the substrate must be changed regularly. The water bowls should also be cleaned daily and filled with fresh water.

Animal health must be monitored daily. The most common health problems in frogs are softening of the bones, emaciation or fatty degeneration and, above all, changes in the skin (for example, red discoloration of the skin). If there is any abnormality, consult a veterinarian who is familiar with amphibians.

Amphibians are animals of pure observation and should NOT be petted. In the first days in his new home, animals need some rest to get used to their new environment.

Due to the sensitivity of your skin, amphibians should only be touched in exceptional cases. Only the largest animals can be caught directly by hand. The use of disposable gloves is recommended (moistened). The smallest animals, on the other hand, should always be captured with the help of plastic containers or similar.

some species (for example, the Phrynomantis and more toads) can produce a poisonous skin discharge and should never be handled with bare hands. Protective gloves should be used for the care and handling of animals..

Attention: all native amphibian species are protected species and should not be taken from the wild. At the 17th CITES Conference of the Parties, held in the fall of 2016, the false tomato frog (Dyscophus guineti) came under the protection of the species (Appendix II). This regulation will soon be transferred to European legislation (obligation to inform, proof of origin required).

The tree frogs they are found worldwide in a wide variety of species and have characteristic sticky discs on their toes. These excellent climbers mainly inhabit trees and shrubs.

Among the most popular species are the American green tree frog (Hyla cinerea), the gray treefrog (Hyla versicolor), the Australian green tree frog (Litoria caerulea), the mission golden-eyed tree frog (Trachycephalus resinifictrix), the northern orange-legged leaf frog (Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis) and red-eyed tree frog (Agalychnis callidryas).

These species, as well as some others tree frogs, increasingly offered as captive breeds; However, wild-caught frogs are still common on the market. Wherever possible, you have to opt for species bred in captivity.

Hyla
cinerea

Hyla
versicolor

Litoria
caerulea

Trachycephalus
resinifictrix

Phyllomedusa
hypochondrialis

Phyllomedusa
hypochondrialis

The sexes can be distinguished in many species by the coloration of the throat, which is usually more striking (yellowish to black) in sexually mature males than in females (from white to gray). Females tend to grow slightly larger than males.. Males ready to mate call, sometimes very strongly and persistently.

The tree frogs do not show social behavior and can stand alone, in pairs or groups in well structured terrariums. Do not socialize different species or animals with clear differences in size. Each animal must have enough places to sit, rest and hide. The tree frogs they are mainly twilight and night.

One terrarium for tree frogs must always be tall enough, for example, 60 x 40 x 60 cm. (length x widht x hight) for smaller species, as the American green tree frog (Hyla cinerea), and 100 x 40 x 80 cm. (length x widht x hight) for larger frogs like the Australian green tree frog (Litoria caerulea), each for a maximum of 4 animals. Caution: non-acclimatized animals tend to jump against the glass with great force and injure themselves, especially on the head and muzzle.

Fluorescent tubes with a daily lighting time of 10 to 12 hours are suitable for lighting. The temperature can be regulated with the help of a suitable heating mat, which is fixed to the rear wall from the outside. For most species, a slight temperature gradient in the terrarium of about 22 to 28 °C (max. 24 °C for subtropical species) with a humidity of 60 to the 70 %. At night, the temperature should drop to about 20 °C; at the same time, humidity can rise up to 90 or the 95 % for tropical species. This can be achieved by spraying the terrarium with warm water or using a sprinkler system.. For the basic temperature, weak heating mats can be used, installed outside the terrarium. They can be used to heat the floor (at most one third of the soil surface!) or the walls. With the help of a thermocontroller, the heating mat can be specifically controlled to prevent overheating. Precise thermometers and hydrometers are needed to measure temperature and humidity.

For climbing animals, 2, preferably 3 sides of the terrarium should be covered with cork or similar. climbing facilities, like roots, lianas, remained, etc., have proven their effectiveness. Hollow bamboo sticks and cork tubes are popular hiding places. Depending on the species, a shallow water basin in which animals can also bathe or a larger basin of water (for example, for the Australian green tree frog – Litoria caerulea) it is also part of the basic equipment. Terrarium soil or coconut substrate are suitable as a substrate. The substrate should always be kept slightly moist. Natural planting creates additional retreat possibilities and ensures uniform and increasing humidity.

The tree frogs they feed exclusively on small live animals. The insects (crickets, crickets, Little grasshoppers, etc.) make up the main part of your diet, but many species also like to eat worms or slugs. Regular administration of a mineral supplement ensures healthy bone growth. Mealworms, Zophobas or wax moths should only be fed rarely due to their high protein and fat content. For the adults of the larger species it is sufficient to feed each 2 or 3 days. The Australian green tree frog – Litoria caerulea) you tend to become obese due to your lazy lifestyle

Food scraps and droppings should be removed daily. The water bowls should also be cleaned daily and filled with fresh water.

Animal health must be monitored daily. The most frequent health problems in the tree frogs are the softening of the bones, emaciation and changes in skin and stools. If there is any abnormality, consult a veterinarian who is familiar with amphibians.

Amphibians are animals of pure observation and NOT must be caressed. In the first days in his new home, animals need adequate rest to get used to their new environment. Due to the sensitivity of your skin, it is recommended to capture the tree frogs only with the help of small containers.

The tree frog has a slightly toxic skin discharge that can cause irritation when it comes in contact with human skin (protective gloves!).

According to the area of ​​origin, controlled hibernation can have a vitality-boosting effect. American and Asian tree frog species from temperate climates should not be placed in the garden pond under any circumstances, since there is a danger that the fauna will be distorted.

Attention: all native amphibian species are protected species and should not be taken from the wild. But, most species of tree frogs Non-native species are not subject to the species protection law. But, the red-eyed tree frog (Agalychnis callidryas), for example, is subject to registration and proof of origin is required.

This small animal has a huge range that includes Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, India (West Bengal), Indonesian, Laos, Malaysia, Burma, Thailand and Vietnam. But, the species is not equally common everywhere. In some parts of its area of distribution, the frog is a common amphibian, but in West Bengal it seems to be much less common, since in a scientific work on the amphibian fauna of the state, the author could only rely on bibliographic references: There was not a single preserved specimen! Admittedly, this may simply have to do with the fact that the Green puddle frog it is often overlooked due to its small size and also has no economic utility. In hong kong, the population, once rich in individuals, would have sunk almost completely for unknown reasons. Frogs are imported for the pet trade from Indonesia, where they are found in large numbers and, Therefore, can be bought in this country for little money.

There are frogs that spend their entire lives underwater. Among them are the vivacious African clawed frog and Common Surinam toad. They emerge from the water only exceptionally and briefly and rise to the surface only to breathe.

There are also frogs that are usually out of the water, but far enough away from her to reach the wet element with a jump. This includes the Edible frog (Pelophylax kl. esculentus), which is native to Central Europe.

The ubiquitous green companion lives like a hunter and lurks on land, sitting on driftwood or lily pads looking for insects, that catches in a jump. On land, the animal does not move unnecessarily; land struggles with peers and all social behavior take place in the water.

The Green puddle frog has developed a third form of aquatic life. Floats on the surface of the water for most of its life. Only occasionally comes out of the water and crawls on a floating leaf or something similar.

The Green puddle frog hunt above and below the surface of the water. It swims towards the small insects that fall to the surface of the water and captures them with its agile tongue. You can also find submerged worms, as the tubifex, and often puts them in his mouth with the help of his front paws, How do you know about the African clawed frog. The bulging eyes are not only used to recognize prey, but also to detect enemies. Many snakes, birds or even larger species of frogs try to kill the little one Green puddle frog.

"Green puddle frog"

A frog with a size of approximately 3,5 cm.. The colors of the specimens vary in greenish/beige colors, plus dark staining. There are also specimens with scratched marks on the back. In this group of frogs the abdominal area is pale and without drawing. As these frogs also like to float on the surface of the water, they are often compared to African clawed frog. But, if you look closely, this is only true for the hind legs. Here are the characteristic webbed toes. The front legs of the Green puddle frog with his fingers are much more similar to those of the African clawed frog. The flattened shape of the body of the Green puddle frog with his fingers are much more similar to those of the African clawed frog not found at all in Javanese swimming frog.

Taking care of these cute animals is easy. They do not have special demands regarding the composition of the water or the food. One Aquarius standard of 60 x 30 x 30 cm is enough for the care of 6-12 specimens. Males sometimes fight with each other, what is interesting to observe, because it looks like a boxing match when the animals are floating on the surface of the water and attack the opponent with their front legs. But, because it looks like a boxing match when the animals are floating on the surface of the water and attack the opponent with their front legs.

The Aquarius because it looks like a boxing match when the animals are floating on the surface of the water and attack the opponent with their front legs, because it looks like a boxing match when the animals are floating on the surface of the water and attack the opponent with their front legs (because it looks like a boxing match when the animals are floating on the surface of the water and attack the opponent with their front legs) Must be from 5-7 cm., because it looks like a boxing match when the animals are floating on the surface of the water and attack the opponent with their front legs 8-10 cm.. because it looks like a boxing match when the animals are floating on the surface of the water and attack the opponent with their front legs, because it looks like a boxing match when the animals are floating on the surface of the water and attack the opponent with their front legs. Any openings in the cover should be covered with filter wadding..

In the tense air of this aquaterrarium, many plants thrive excellently, as the burhead (Echinodorus) or -more bioptic- the water trumpet (Cryptocoryne). It also, should add some floating plants, as the water lettuce (Pistia) or the West Indian spongeplant (Limnobium laevigatum), that will soon bloom.

Until the plants really grow, you should place a piece of decorative cork on the surface of the water so that the animals can find a resting area if they wish.

Tank lighting - a neon tube is enough- will raise the air temperature to 28-32°C during the day. At night, when the lights go out, the air temperature drops to room temperature. This fully corresponds to natural conditions and is beneficial to the health of animals.. Additional heating is only necessary if the temperature drops below 18°C.

Your behavior is highly confident after a short time. They position themselves on floating plants or float under the surface of the water. When two frogs get close to each other, sometimes a kind of "chest tightening" occurs. Next, front legs flap. Looks like a mini boxing match. These frogs are also usually very agile.

Groups of frogs with a small number are not recommended for large tanks. These small animals quickly "lose" themselves from the viewer's eyes.. These frogs are very communicative. When they approach the aquarium, they emit bright screeches. they emit bright screeches. Surprisingly, they emit bright screeches. they emit bright screeches, they emit bright screeches. they emit bright screeches. These Javan swimming frogs then chase after edible insects that have been brought onto floating plants.. they emit bright screeches.

All small insects can serve as food, as the fruit flies (Drosophila), the little crickets (Acheta domesticus) or the aphids. It is very interesting to observe the underwater hunting, for which the large water fleas (Daphnia magna), the live larvae of red mosquito or the Tubifex.

The Green puddle frog can reproduce throughout the year, but at least for the animals that are currently imported from Indonesia, our winter (from November to February) seems to be the preferred breeding season. Males grab females by the waist. Eggs -may be between 50 and several hundred, depending on the size and condition of the female- have a diameter of 0,6 to 1,1 mm. Tadpoles are light olive in color and have a dark stripe around the tail. They eat commercial flake food for ornamental fish. Tadpoles reach a length of up to 3,9 cm in metamorphosis. In the terrarium, a lifetime of more than 5 years, well above the natural life expectancy of animals in the wild.

1. Rough-skinned floating frog, Pearly skin puddle frog, or Pointed-tongued floating frog (English).
2. Grenouille flottante à langue pointu (French).
3. Java-Schwimmfrösche (German).
4. Occidozyga lima (Portuguese).
5. Ranita asiatica, Rana rugosa de charco, Rana flotante de Indonesia (español).

The Oriental fire-bellied toad (Bombina orientalis), attractive colors, It is one of the most common amphibian species.. Its range covers large areas of East Asia, from korea, passing through northeast China, to eastern Siberia, where you prefer to live in microwaters (shallow) no major currents. The Oriental fire-bellied toad it's easy to breed, but still often offered as wild catch. Wherever possible, captive breeding should be used.

Due to the risk of confusion with the "native Fire-bellied Toad" and protected, the Oriental fire-bellied toad it is also subject to species protection legislation. Animals are not subject to registration; However, proof of origin is required.

Differentiation between the sexes is only possible in sexually mature animals. Males webbed feet reach to fingertips; in females, usually stronger, they are less developed. Males ready to mate call insistently and develop clearly visible heat calluses on the front legs..

The Oriental fire-bellied toad does not show pronounced social behavior. The animals are peaceful with each other and can be kept individually, in pairs or groups. The Oriental fire-bellied toad does not have pronounced activity hours, so it can also be observed well during the day.

As the Oriental fire-bellied toad leads a lifestyle closely linked to water, it is suitable for keeping in a terrarium with a large water basin, in an aquarium or even an aquarium with a terrestrial part. The tank should not be less than 60 x 40 x 50 cm. (length x widht x hight) for a maximum of 4 adult animals. Approximately half of the surface should be designed as land part.

The aquarium must be completely covered, since animals are good climbers. Fluorescent tubes with a daily lighting time of 10 to 12 hours are suitable for lighting. The land part must be provided with sufficient withdrawal possibilities, for example, roots and cave-like hiding places (for example, coconut shells). An absorbent substrate is recommended (for example, coconut substrate, terrarium or moss soil) as a substrate for the terrarium, which should always be kept slightly moist (but not wet). Natural planting provides more hiding places and increases humidity. Aquatic and floating plants support toads in the aquatic part; there must be an easy way out of the water (for example, by flat stones or roots). Sand or rounded aquarium gravel are suitable as a substrate. Stones or roots that protrude slightly from the water are easily accepted.

The air and water temperature should be 23 to 25 °C during the day and drop to about 20 °C at night. The water temperature can be regulated by an aquarium heater or an external thermal filter. The heating rod must be installed so that it cannot burn the frogs. The humidity must not drop below the 60 % and must rise above the 80 % At night. Precise thermometers and hygrometers are needed to measure temperature and humidity. Other water values: pH 6,0 – 8,0, total hardness up to 30 °dGH.

The Oriental fire-bellied toad should not be kept with fish or crustaceans (for example, River Crabs), that could harm amphibians.

The Oriental fire-bellied toad hibernates in the wild, during which animals withdraw and do not usually eat. For a directed hibernation, lighting temperature and duration can be gradually reduced in autumn. Next, animals hibernate at temperatures of about 10 ° C during 1 or 2 months, after which normal housing conditions are gradually restored. Before starting hibernation, the health of the animals should be checked by a veterinary fecal examination.

The Oriental fire-bellied toad prefers to feed on live insects (crickets, crickets, flies) and worms (small earthworms), offered in the terrestrial part of the terrarium. Regular administration of a mineral preparation ensures healthy bones.

Caution: As the Oriental fire-bellied toad not usually very active, tends to gain weight. In the case of adult animals, it is enough to feed them every two or three days.

Food scraps and droppings should be removed daily. You also have to check the status of the water section daily and renew it completely if it is dirty., as well as performing a partial water change at regular intervals. The use of water treatment products for amphibians should be avoided. Using an aquarium filter can improve water quality and extend the water change interval.

Animal health must be monitored daily. The most frequent health problems in the Oriental fire-bellied toad are the changes in the skin, softening of bones and emaciation or fatty degeneration. If there is any abnormality, consult a veterinarian who is familiar with amphibians.

Mating occurs in spring, when the weather warms up and the rains increase. Males call out to females with a soft coo. They jump on the back of any other fire-bellied toad that passes, which sometimes causes confusion between males, but it rarely leads to fights. The females put between 40 and 100 eggs in a large group, usually around submerged plants near the water's edge. The tadpoles hatch from the eggs in 3-10 days, depending on the water temperature. The larvae begin to develop at 6-8 weeks, and are completely metamorphosed and begin to venture ashore after 12-14 weeks.

Amphibians are animals of pure observation and should NOT be petted. In the first days in his new home, animals need adequate rest to get used to their new environment. If required, animals must not be caught by hand, but with the help of plastic boxes or similar.

The Oriental fire-bellied toad NOT suitable for keeping in garden ponds, since either it does not survive the winter or there is a risk of distortion of the fauna due to migratory animals. Occasionally, deviated color shapes offered (for example, albino animals, blue, yellow or pink), whose conservation does not differ from that of animals of normal color

The price of Oriental fire-bellied toad ranges between 25 and 30 EUR.

1. Bombina orientalis (English).
2. Crapaud sonneur oriental (French).
3. Orientalische Rotbauchunke (German).
4. Sapo tuti (Portuguese).
5. Sapillo de vientre de fuego oriental, (español).