Birds

Bird species

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Blue-throated Parakeet
Pyrrhura cruentata

Origin: Brazil
Character: Social
Life expectancy: 15 to 25 years.
Height: 30 cm..

Blue-throated Parakeet

Content

Description:

Blue-throated Parakeet
30 cm.. length and 90 g. of weight.

The Blue-throated Parakeet (Pyrrhura cruentata) It is a very colorful bird; has the forecrown, crown and rear of the neck, dark brown with pale orange sides and with some feathers (especially posteriorly) giving speckled appearance; lores, cheeks top, supercilii area and ear-coverts, dull red, merging on sides of neck with yellowish patch bordered behind by blue band running across nape; bottom of the cheeks, green.

Mantle, back and scapulars, green; broad crimson patch on lower back and rump; uppertail-coverts green. Bend of wing bright red; upperwing-coverts green. Outerwebs of the primaries, blue, green on the innerwebs; secondaries green on outerweb, Gray on innerwebs; flight feather with dark tips; infra-wing coverts minor, olive green, the gray greater coverts; underside of flight feather, olive gray wash. Chin green; the throat and the top chest, blue with some dark tips; underparts green with a patch of variable size of crimson color on the belly. Upper, the tail It is golden in color with green tint; brown below. Bill grey; bare periophthalmic grey; irises yellow orange; legs grey.

Both sexes similar, but the irises perhaps brighter in the male. Immature more off, with less red at bend of wing.

  • Sound of the Blue-throated Parakeet.

Habitat:

The Blue-throated Parakeet inhabit, mainly, in primary forests of the Atlantic forest or on the edges of forests and, sometimes, in slightly modified natural forests, penetrate into agricultural areas where tall forest trees shade cocoa crops. Unknown seasonal and dry forests. (Usually in lowlands below 400 m, but 960 metres in Minas Gerais, Brazil, usually in flocks of 6-20 birds(mainly 8-12), at least where they are locally common.

Reproduction:

Nests in tree hollows. The breeding, apparently, It occurs in the austral spring, from June to October. Clutch 2-4.

Food:

The diet of the Blue-throated Parakeet includes plants of Talisia esculenta, Alchornea iricurana, Mabea fistulifera, Trema micrantha and Cecropia. The fruits of Miconia hypoleuca can be important in times of scarcity. Birds feeding in the canopy and the lower edge vegetation, never out of the woods; Once he observed feeding on the Golden-capped Parakeet (Aratinga auricapillus).

Distribution and status:

Size of its range (breeding/resident): 281.000 km2

endemic to eastern Brazil, from Bahia until Rio de Janeiro. They were formerly known from Jequié and islanders, Bay, but the latest reports are North Jequitinhonha River, south of which, reports come from remaining patches of forest (including the Monte Pascoal National Park) to the border Holy Spirit.

The birds continue in the few wooded areas of eastern Minas Gerais, Brazil as the Rio Doce State Park, the Book Caratinga (about Raúl Soares) and about Mantena and several locations in northern Espirito Santo, including Biological reserves Great stream and Sooretama and neighboring Linhares Sooretama reserve. It is apparently absent from the southern state but survives near Desengano State Park in the State of Rio de Janeiro, the southernmost site which have been observed recently.

Resident. Common and widespread at the end of the 19th century, but decreased dramatically with massive deforestation within its range due to agriculture, speak, mining, roads and urban development. The final bastion (the only place where birds remain common) It is complex reserve Sooretama / Linhares; much smaller numbers exist in other forest remnants (protected but widely separated). Habitat loss continues in Bay with some sites (for example Monte Pascoal) under intense pressure.

Rare in captivity, but trapping for illegal trade is an additional threat. Listed in Appendix I of the CITES and protected by Brazilian law.

Conservation:

State of conservation ⓘ

Vulnerable Vulnerable ⓘ (UICN)ⓘ

• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Vulnerable.

• Population trend: Decreasing.

• Population size : 2500-9999 individuals.

Rationale for the Red List category

This species survives in scattered fragments of Atlantic Forest, where the extent of suitable habitat continues to decline rapidly. The remaining populations are small, severely fragmented into isolated reserves, where protection is largely inadequate and are suspected to be declining rapidly. So, qualifies as Vulnerable.

Justification of the population

The population is calculated in the number 2.500-9.999 mature individuals based on an evaluation of known records, descriptions of abundance and size range. This is consistent with estimates of population density recorded for congeners or close relatives with similar body size, and the fact that only a proportion of its distribution area is occupied. This estimate is equivalent to 3.750-14.999 individuals, rounded here to 3.500-15.000 individuals.

Justification of trend

continued rapid population decline is suspected because rates loss of habitat.

Threats

The extensive and continuous clearing of the forest You are responsible for its current fragmented distribution. Their apparent tolerance to shade cocoa plantations provides little hope because shading techniques since the early 1980 They have involved the use of banana trees and Erythrina, rather than stand, and unstable prices have led to conversion to pasture. Many remaining populations are affected by site-specific threats, as conflicts between habitat conservation and the rights of local communities in the Monte Pascoal National Park. The capture for the cage bird trade It is a relatively new phenomenon, Although the species is rare in domestic and international markets.

Conservation Actions Underway

CITES Appendix I. It is considered nationally Vulnerable in Brazil (Silveira y Straube 2008, MMA 2014), and is protected by Brazilian law. It is in the National Parks of Chapada da Diamantina and Monte Pascoal, on Experimental Station Barrolândia, on Linhares Forest Reserve, on Book Caratinga, in sweet River and probably in the Desengano State Parks, and in the Biological Reserves Great Stream, Deer Stream and Sooretama (Wege and Long 1995).

Conservation Actions Proposed

Survey to locate additional populations and protect undetected (Snyder et to the., 2000), especially in southern Bay and northeast of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Ensure protection de facto key reserves, especially Sooretama, Linhares and Vera Cruz Station. Confiscation of birds of trade and well-planned release of these birds in areas of the previous range of species to improve recovery and connectivity of disjunct populations (J. Gilardi in little).

"Blue-throated Parakeet" in captivity:

Protected by CITES Appendix I.

Rara in national and international markets. Each captive specimen of this species which is capable of reproducing, must be placed in a well-managed captive breeding program and not sold as a pet, in order to ensure its long-term survival.

Alternative names:

– Black-tailed Parakeet, Blue throated Conure, Blue throated Parakeet, Blue-chested Parakeet, Blue-throated Conure, Blue-throated Parakeet, Ochre Marked Conure, Ochre-marked Parakeet, Red-eared Parakeet, Red-rumped Parakeet (English).
– Conure tiriba, Perriche tiriba, Perruche tiriba (French).
– Blaulatzsittich, Blaulatz-Sittich (German).
– cara-suja, fura-mato, tiriba, tiriba-fura-mato, Tiriba-grande, tiriva (Portuguese).
– Cotorra Tiriba, Perico Grande (español).


scientific classification:

Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied
Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied

– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittacidae
– Genus: Pyrrhura
– Scientific name: Pyrrhura cruentata
– Citation: (Wied-Neuwied, 1820)
– Protonimo: bloody parrot


Images Blue-throated Parakeet:

Cotorra-Tiriba-(5)
Cotorra-Tiriba-(4)
Cotorra-Tiriba-(3)
Cotorra-Tiriba-(2)

Parrots in the world

Especies del género Pyrrhura

Blue-throated Parakeet (Pyrrhura cruentata)


Sources:

– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife

– Photos:

(1) – Ochre-marked Parakeet (also known as Blue-chested Parakeet, Blue-throated Parakeet, or Blue-throated Conure) at Palmitos Park, Gran Canaria, one of the Canary islands, Spain By ipfreaks (originally posted to Flickr as Papagei) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Blue-chested Parakeet, (Pyrrhura cruentata) also known as Blue-throated Parakeet or Blue-throated Conure. Pet parrot By ➨ Redvers (originally posted to Flickr as Hector and toy 8) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Blue-chested Parakeet (Pyrrhura cruentata) also known as Blue-throated Parakeet or Blue-throated Conure at Central Park Zoo, New York, USA By Claire Houck [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Blue-chested Parakeet (Pyrrhura cruentata) also known as Blue-throated Parakeet or Blue-throated Conure. Pet with yellow toy By ➨ Redvers (originally posted to Flickr as Hector and toy 4) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Blue-chested Parakeet (also known as Blue-throated Parakeet or Blue-throated Conure); two on a perch By TJ Lin [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr

– Sounds: Jeremy Recall, XC85365. accessible www.xeno-canto.org/85365

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Sulphur-breasted parakeet
Aratinga maculata

Origin: Brazil
Character: Mansas.
Life expectancy: 30 years.
Height: 30 cm..

Sulphur-breasted parakeet

Content

Description:


Anatomy-parrots

30 cm. length and 110 g. of weight.
The Sulphur-breasted parakeet (Aratinga maculata) is pale orange, with the head and back of the neck pale yellow

. The throat and the chest are pale yellow, the the thighs are greenish; flanks pale orange, undertail-coverts greenish, the mantle pale greenish yellow; rump pale yellow orange, tail blue-green, wings green-yellow, underwing-coverts pale yellow. Close orange stripe on the front of the crown, in the lores and around eyes. Orbital ring pale grey. Iris dark gray / brown. Bill almost black.

The immature presumably as of adults, but with cheeks and top of the chest Yellow olive. (Observed one specimen).

  • Sound of the Sulphur-breasted parakeet.

taxonomy:

described in 2005 under the name of Aratinga pintoi, but later it was shown that the current name, It considered invalid for a long time, indeed it applies to this form, and therefore takes precedence; of holotype of Aratinga pintoi It has now been designated as neotype of Psittacus maculatus, which formally stabilizes synonymity. The species was misidentified as a juvenile of the Sun Parakeet (Aratinga solstitialis) or a hybrid between the latter and the Jandaya Parakeet (Aratinga jandaya); now generally recognized as a separate taxon, differing greatly reduced due to the orange-red in the face (where it forms an irregular mask), Breast and belly.

Habitat and behavior:

The species inhabits areas with large tracts of forest and Savannah adjacent (O’ Shea 2005, Mittermeier et to the. 2010). performs movements nomads.

It is similar in behavior and general ecology to the species of the group of the Aratinga solstitialis. Are in groups of 2-10 birds and they are relatively Meek, feeding along roads and orchards.

Reproduction:

Not much is known about their breeding habits. One nest observed with an egg of unknown size.

Breeding season: August October

Food:

Feeds of fruit and seeds of Guateria sp., Dalechampia sp., Byrsonima sp. and Myrcia sp.

Distribution:

Extending its range (breeding/resident): 159.000 km2

The Sulphur-breasted parakeet (Aratinga maculata) (formerly pintoi; see Nemésio y Rasmussen 2009) It has a fragmented range in For and Amapá in Brazil, and at the southern end of Suriname (p. e.g.. Silveira et al. 2005, Mittermeier et to the. 2010, Vieira da Costa et al. 2011). After a three-day survey conducted in 2003, Silveira et al. (2005) They claim that Sulphur-breasted parakeet was quite common in Monte Alegre, For. in addition, in Suriname the species has been characterized as uncommon to fairly common (O’ Shea 2005, Mittermeier et to the. 2010).

Conservation:

• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.

• Population trend: Growing.

• Population size : unknown.

Rationale for the Red List category

The trend of the population It seems to be increase, and therefore the species does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the criteria of population trend (> 30% decrease in ten years or three generations). The population size has not been quantified, but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the criterion of population size (<10.000 individuos maduros con un descenso continuo estimado en >10% in ten years or three generations, or with a specific population structure). For these reasons, the species is evaluated as Least concern

Threats

The distribution area this species is affected by the deforestation, mainly driven by the expansion of agriculture as they build new roads; However, deforestation Brazil You may be benefiting this species and facilitating their spread to new areas (Vieira da Costa et al. 2011). Long-term, deforestation may become so rapid and extensive that the balance of extensive forest tracts and savannas required by the species will be exceeded and the species may begin to decline. Silveira et al. (2005) They claim that Monte Alegre, For, no obvious signs of a strong pressure entrapment. in addition, Mittermeier et to the. (2010) state that no hunting or capture of the species by Amerindians in the savannah was reported Sipaliwini of Suriname meridional.

"Sulphur-breasted parakeet" in captivity:

virtually unknown; maintained by local people and zoos Brazil. It can live up 30 years in captivity.

Alternative names:

– Sulfur-breasted Parakeet, Sulphur-breasted Parakeet (English).
– Conure de Pinto, Conure à poitrine soufrée (French).
– Schwefelbrustsittich (German).
– cacaué (Portuguese).
– Aratinga Pechisulfúrea (español).

scientific classification:

– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittacidae
– Genus: Aratinga
– Scientific name: Aratinga maculata
– Citation: (Statius Müller, 1776)

Images Sulfur-breasted Aratinga:

Parrots in the world

Species of the genus Aratinga

Sources:

– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– World Parrot Trust

– Photos:

(1) – Aratinga maculata by Sidnei Dantas – Flickr
(2) – alexanderlees, IBC1058449. Accessible at hbw.com/ibc/1058449

– Sounds: Thiago V. V. Costa, XC57522. accessible www.xeno-canto.org/57522

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Chatham Parakeet
Cyanoramphus forbesi

Origin: New Zealand
Character: Territorial
Life expectancy: 10 years.
Height: 23 cm..

Chatham Parakeet

Content


Anatomy-parrots

Description:

23 cm. length and 95 g. of weight.

The Chatham Parakeet (Cyanoramphus forbesi) They are one of the two medium bright green parrots of Chatham Islands. Although they look very similar to those Yellow-crowned parakeet (Cyanoramphus auriceps) of New Zealand continental, the color of the crown is not a reliable indicator of taxonomic relationships.

It believes that the Chatham Parakeet descended from an ancient lineage of parrots who reached the Chatham Islands before the division Yellow-crowned parakeet and Red-crowned parakeet happened in New Zealand continental, after which the Red-crowned parakeet (Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae) also they colonized Chatham Islands.

The Chatham Parakeet They are medium-sized parrots, of tail long, with wings wide and rounded and plumage predominantly emerald. have a crown bright yellow front and a crimson front band that does not reach to the eyes, unlike in the Red-crowned parakeet. Males are larger than the females.

taxonomy:

Since 1930 is commonly treated as a subspecies of the Yellow-crowned parakeet (Cyanoramphus auriceps), and clearly the two are closely related; the species differ, However, in size considerably, It is larger species Cyanoramphus forbesi. Currently considered Monotypic.

Habitat:

The Chatham Parakeet They are at higher densities in forests and dense vegetation regenerating areas than in open grassland. Despite its rather erratic flight, They fly hard and move easily between islas Mangere and little Mangere. Occasionally they have been observed Chatham Parakeet individual in the forests of southern Chatham Island (> 20 km from the Mangere Island) and nearby islands Pitt and owner. Their social behavior is similar to other species of parakeets Cyanoramphus. They are strongly territorial around nests, calling loudly and chasing intruders from nearby.

Reproduction:

The Chatham Parakeet have a long breeding season, with eggs laid between October and March. Son nesters cavity, preferring tree holes but also using rock crevices and under dense vegetation. The size medium of laying is of 5 eggs. Like all the other parakeets Cyanoramphus, females are responsible for preparing the nest, incubation, rearing and feeding the chicks until the 10-14 days old. During this period all your food is provided by your partner.. From then on, male and female parrots feed the chicks in the nest until they leave the nest.

The incubation usually begins after the start of the second egg, resulting in chicks within a clutch that vary greatly in age and size. The last chicks to hatch are usually born at a younger age and are less developed than their older brothers.. More than one brood may be attempted if the initial nest fails or if the food supply allows..

Food:

The foods consumed by Chatham Parakeet They are affected by seasonal availability, and include seeds, flowers and leaves of various plants, It is the most important invertebrates in spring. They feed extensively in soil in open areas.

Distribution and status:

Sw extension of its distribution area (reproduction / resident): 3 km2

The Chatham Parakeet It is restricted to of Tapuaenuku ISLA ISLA Pequeña Mangere and Mangere in the Group of chatham islands, New Zealand. In 1930 He quenched in Mangere Island, but in 1973 had recolonized and numbered 40 birds and a small number of hybrids with the subspecies Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae chathamensis (of which there were 12 on the island) (Higgins 1999).

In 1996, two estimates indicated that the population of the Mangere Island It was from 50 to 120 Purebred birds. The population on the small island of little Mangere It is little known because the few visits made (H. Aikman a slightly. 1999). In 1999, it was estimated that the total population was about 120 birds (Aikman et al. 2001), but studies 2003 estimated 900 individuals on Isla Mangere (Aikman y Miskelly 2004, D. Houston y C. Miskelly a slightly. 2008).

A recent study estimated that more than 50% of the population of parakeets in Isla Mangere consisted of individuals hybrids (Chan et al. 2006), but this is expected to decrease due to mating positive range (T. Greene a slightly. 2012); the number of phenotypes forbes It is approaching the threshold management 10% (D. Houston a slightly. 2012) (that is to say, the number above which culling can be resumed as a management tool). There have been birds visiting South isla Chatham, the Pitt island and ISLA ISLA Chief of Sudeste (Taylor 1998, D. Houston y C. Miskelly a slightly. 2008, T. Greene a slightly. 2012).

Conservation:


Vulnerable


• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Vulnerable.

• Population trend: Stable.

• Population size : 250-999 individuals.
Rationale for the Red List category

This species may still have a small purebred adult population.. Possible removal by hybridization has been avoided thanks to three decades of conservation efforts, which they have seen increasing population size. It is restricted to one place (given the proximity of the small islands that lives and mobility), and its small population size means it still deserves to be listed in a threatened category, but it is likely that their population size has been more than 250 mature for more than 5 years, so it has been transferred to the category of Vulnerable.

Justification of the population

The population of phenotypes similar to those of Forbes It has increased dramatically in the Mangere Island, with the best estimates placing the population between 800 and 1.000 individuals. A survey in 2011 It assessed that the phenotypes of interest are in the 10%, the trigger level for management action (D. Houston a slightly. 2012). It is likely that populations have exceeded 250 mature for more than 5 years, so now it is in the range of 250-999 mature individuals.

Justification trend

The population has shown minor fluctuations in recent years, since the species recolonized the Mangere Island over the years 70 and it has benefited from habitat restoration, while hybridization has also suffered. In general, It is estimated that the population has remained stable for the last ten years, and It is probably increasing (T. Greene a slightly. 2012).

Threats

• Disappeared from Mangere Island due to a combination of deforestation for grazing, decades of burning, the effects of introduced grazing mammals and predation by feral cats (Higgins 1999).

• The greatest current threat is the hybridization with the Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae chathamensis, subspecies Red-crowned parakeet (Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae) What, despite the sacrifice, still it is settling in Mangere Island (J. Kearvell a slightly. 1999).

• It is believed that the rate of hybridization High above is the result of the then low population sizes of the two species (D. Houston y C. Miskelly a slightly. 2008).

• The levels of hybridization They have remained below 10% of the total population of parakeets Mangere Island over the last decade, so no management intervention was not necessary.

Conservation Actions Underway

• Appendix I and II of CITES. The Mangere Island It has been substantially replanted (Aikman et al. 2001, D. Houston y C. Miskelly a slightly. 2008).

• An ecological and genetic research program has investigated population dynamics, the hybridization and selection of partners (H. Aikman a slightly. 1999, Chan et al. 2006).

• During 1976-1999, hybrid birds and individuals of the subspecies Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae chathamensis They were sacrificed population (Nixon 1994).

• In 1998, 40 hybrids And six Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae chathamensis were killed, leaving 10 copies between hybrids and Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae chathamensis after the operation (H. Aikman a slightly. 1999).

• Surveys of the relative proportion of hybrids regarding type phenotypes Forbes They are held every two years (D. Houston a slightly. 2012).

• The translocation a fenced area predator proof in Chatham Island It is planned for 2017 (D. Houston a slightly. 2012).

Conservation Actions Proposed

• Complete the investigation ecological, biological and genetic, including analysis and dissemination of results.

• Monitor trends in the extent and quality of forest habitats on the island of Mangere.

• Restore forest habitats Mangere Island to increase the number and reduce the hybridization.

• Work for the establishment of one or more populations in the Chatham Island (H. Aikman a slightly. 1999).

"Chatham Parakeet" in captivity:

There are no data from Chatham Parakeet in captivity.

In the wild, its lonjevidad is probably similar to that of Yellow-crowned parakeet (Cyanoramphus auriceps): 10 years.

Alternative names:

– Chatham Island Yellow-crowned Parakeet, Chatham Islands Parakeet, Chatham Parakeet, Forbes’s Parakeet (English).
– Kakariki de Forbes, Kakariki des îles Chatham, Perruche des Chatham, Perruche des îles Chatham (French).
– Chathamsittich (German).
– Periquito-de-peito-amarelo-da-Ilha-chatham (Portuguese).
– Perico de las Chatham (español).

scientific classification:

Lionel Walter Rothschild
Lionel Walter Rothschild

– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittaculidae
– Gender: Cyanoramphus
– Scientific name: Cyanoramphus forbesi
– Subpoena: Rothschild, 1893
– Protonimo: Cyanorhamphus [sic] forbes

"Perico de las Chatham" images:

Perico-de-las-Chatham

Sources:

• Avibase
• Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
• Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
• Birdlife
• Greene, T.C. 2013 [updated 2017]. Forbes’ parakeet. In Miskelly, C.M. (ed.) New Zealand Birds Online. www.nzbirdsonline.org.nz

Photos:

(1) – Chatham Islands Parakeet on Mangere Island by Markanderson72 [CC BY-SA 4.0], from Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Andrew Sutherland, IBC1065693. Photo of Chatham Parakeet Cyanoramphus forbesi at Chatham Islands, New Zealand. Accessible at hbw.com/ibc/1065693.

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Budgerigar
Melopsittacus undulatus

Origin: Australia
Character: Sociable and fun
Life expectancy: 21 years
Height: 18 cm.


Common Budgie

Content

Description

18 cm. length and a weight between 22 and 32 g..

Periquito-Comun

In the Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) of adults, the cere Blue contrasts with the frontal zone; the front of the face and throat are pale yellow. The latter is covered by a line of black dots. The area which is located below the cheeks it's purple.

The central part of the pileum extending from the rear of the eyes to neck It is covered with alternating thin black bands and bands of pale yellow. These bars are expanded on the the mantle and wing-coverts, forming a scaly effect.

The underparts, the area beneath the wings, the lower part of the back and rump create a beautiful pale green together. The tail is opaque blue tones with a central yellow stripe on the side feathers.

The female has a Brown wax.

The immature they are more turned off with bars on the front. The black spots on the throat they are absent.

Habitat:

The Budgerigar they are distributed by a wide variety of open habitats, including open forests, lightly wooded grasslands and savannas. Also appreciate the areas of Mallee, farmland, vegetation that grows along rivers, drought-adapted scrub and open plains. They come fitted with desert areas of Mulga (Acacia aneura). Although they are able to survive several days without water, These birds are never far from a water source.

In areas where fruit production is constant and in others where it is stable for very long periods, the movements of the Budgerigar they are easily predictable.

In the South end, Pilgrimages exist only in cases of prolonged drought and wandering parakeets return to their territory with the first rains and recolonize when river levels return to normal.

Reproduction:

The Budgerigar they build their nests of June to September in the North its area of distribution. They reproduce between August and January in the South. Nests can be installed at any time of the year after the rains fall. They establish a second brood as soon as conditions are favorable.

These parakeets usually nest in colonial way. The nest is located in a natural cavity in a tree, in a strain, an any fence post, or on a big fallen branch.

The female lays from 4 to 6 eggs and incubation lasts a few 18 days. The chicks remain in place of birth during 30 days before flying.

Food:

The Budgerigar It vegetarian, they eat herbs and seeds of quenopodios. Plants vary in categories and in proportions, according to which regions and times.

The East inside of Australia, These birds feed exclusively on seeds that are on the ground, While in the middle of the continent, There is more variety of plants to select. In the first case, grain size barely exceeds the 2 mm diameter and the second, more than 40 plant varieties make up the diet of these parakeets.

From time to time, the Budgerigar, they come in growing areas and take advantage of the ripe fruits.

Distribution:

The Budgerigar are distributed widely throughout the Interior of Australia, Although they are rare in the coastal districts of the This and the end South-West (absent of Tasmania, Arnhem Land and Cape York Peninsula).

The species may be of common to very abundant, but they are nomadic, and may change from year to year areas.

These parakeets, frequently, they burst from the arid zones to the more humid zones and there are temporary movements towards the south during the summer, but these changes may be affected by annual rainfall patterns.

We have introduced, without success, in a number of places around the world (or they have escaped from captivity and could not be) including South Africa, United Kingdom, Japan, Hong Kong, Puerto Rico, Brazil, Switzerland, Colombia, the Society Islands, New Zealand and Oman.

In the EE.UU. the species has managed to colonize Hawai and California (leaks also occur regularly in the city of New York City). In Florida a population was originally registered in the area of St. Petersburg, in the decade of 1950 and now has more of 3.000 individuals; These birds are mobile and have been recorded along the coast This of all the South from Jacksonville to Miami, and in the West everything Hudson to South of Fort Myers, from time to time go towards the North in Gainsville.

Parakeets, occasionally escaped, they may appear in Tasmania.

The world population is estimated at around 5.000,000 copies.

Conservation:


minor concern


• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern

• Population Trend: Growing

This species is not threatened at all, even they are abundant, and in some places where resources are good, countless flocks darken the sky, to cause branches to break from 4 centimeters in diameter, When large number of birds used them as support for their breaks.

Populations fluctuate widely depending on weather conditions.

Livestock living on farms in central Australia have caused Budgerigar they will benefit from new water supplies. Like this, the number of parakeets are constantly increasing.

These parakeets are the most well known psittacidas in the world.

"Budgerigar" in captivity:

This parakeet was discovered in 1805 and since then it has become the most popular captive bird in the world. While it is considered as domestic fowl, However, is a gregarious and instinctive animal, with the same needs that the parrots who freely roam the lands of Australia.

The Budgerigar It dynamic, curious, melodious and because of its small size, the beauty of their plumage and their entertaining behaviour, truly charming. This is what makes it a coveted bird. But, It is still a bird that needs to fly, play and socialize with their peers. Like any bird, It is sensitive to the social and environmental context. In fact, their real needs are too often overlooked, many parakeets suffer neglect or even abuse.

In captivity, the Budgerigar It is larger than its counterpart in nature. Measures of 20 to 25 cm. from head to tail and weighs between 30 and 45 g.. In addition to the colour of your coat, wild type, There are numerous mutations (other coat colors) associated with the increase in crossings and selections in certain genes, that translates into more spontaneous mutations.

The Budgerigar has two silent by year average, and the first moult occurs between the fourth and sixth month. The molt is complete renovation of the plumage of the bird. Pens fall to others push, includes your tube of keratin that parakeets will open with their beaks to release pen and relieve the irritation that engenders the same thrust. It can be more or less painful and intense. Some plucking is so fast that the bird may experience some difficulties during the flight.

Check the intensity of the change of the parakeet through black head tubes, tiredness and especially the number of feathers on the ground.

The feeding of the Budgerigar is based on the millet and the birdseed, Although it must be complemented with other seeds or vegetables (as the lettuce, Spinach, pepper, Carrot, corn). The fruits are also a good dietary supplement for these birds. Occasionally it can provide a little bread or biscuit, but always with caution that not give them anything very sweet. The avocado, the chocolate and the parsley they are deadly toxic for the Australian parakeets.

The the parakeet cage must be protected from the cold, a temperature between the 20-25 C. It must be of one sufficient size so you have freedom of movement and can exercise. The balusters must be arranged horizontally so that they can climb up them. The cage must be washed at least once a month with a disinfectant, change the water daily and clean the shells of the food. A cat litter tray can be placed to make their needs.
It is also important to let the parakeet out occasionally and fly freely around the room. Windows must be closed and curtains, because you can hit them.
Son very sociable birds and it is better to live with other parakeet. The best couple is formed by a male and a female. This will try to kill its companion if it is of the same gender.

With regard to its longevity, according to sources, these animals can come to live until 21 years in captivity. The same sources indicate that these parakeets suffer from a high incidence with respect to ovarian cancer.

Alternative names:

– Budgerigar, Budgerygah, Budgie, Canary Parrot, Grass-Parakeet, Lovebird, Scalloped Parrot, Shell Parakeet, Shell Parrot, Undulated Parrot, Warbling Grass-Parrot, Zebra Parrot (ingles).
– Perruche ondulée (French).
– Wellensittich (German).
– Periquito-australiano (Portuguese).
– Periquito Australiano, Periquito Común, Cotorra Australiana, Cata Australiana (español).

scientific classification:

George Shaw


– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittaculidae
– Genus: Budgerigar
– Scientific name: Melopsittacus undulatus
– Citation: (Shaw, 1805)
– Protonimo: Psittacus undulatus

«Common Parakeet» Images:

Periquito-Comun-(3)
Periquito-Comun-(5)
Periquito-Comun-(4)
Periquito-Comun-(2)

Videos "Budgerigar"

————————————————————————————————

«Common Parakeet» (Melopsittacus undulatus)



Sources:

– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife

– Photos:

(1) – Budgerigar at Zoo Atlanta, USA By TheSussman (Mike) (originally posted to Flickr as Parakeet) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Two budgerigar at Henry Doorly Zoo, USA By Jeff Coffman (originally posted to Flickr as DSC_1265) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – male budgerigar. taken near Cameron’s Corner, Qld By Benjamint444 (Own work) [GFDL 1.2], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Detail shot of budgerigars head By Kirk (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 or GFDL], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Melopsittacus undulatus flock, Karratha, Pilbara region, Western Australia By Jim Bendon from Karratha, Australia (budgies_4) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – By User Magnus Manske on en.wikipedia [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – Exterior diagram of a green budgerigar By ZooFari [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons

– Sounds: Marc Anderson (Xeno-canto)

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Yellow-faced Parrotlet
Forpus xanthops

Origin: Peru
Character: curious and shy
Life expectancy: 15 to 25 years
Height: 14 cm..

Content

Description:


Anatomy-parrots

14 cm.. height. Plump appearance and short tail terminated tip. Distinguishable by the Crown, face, Yellow chest and belly, with strong wing blue patch, Flying Blue occupies almost half of the wing. Dorsally gray cafesoso, with the blue rump. The female has the blue patch on the rump and wings paler and smaller.

Sound of the Yellow-faced Parrotlet.

Habitat:

Video – "Yellow-faced Parrotlet" (Forpus xanthops)

Forpus xanthops - Yellow-faced Parrotlet - Yellow Faced Parakeet.
Watch this video on YouTube.

The Yellow-faced Parrotlet He lives in varied habitats, usually arid, forest riparian in the tropical and subtropical area, between 1000 to 1600 m, Although it has been reported to 2745 m. It is gregarious. Their diet includes cactus, In addition to fruit trees and other things. They nest in communal area, using tree hollows or sand. The breeding season is from March to April..

Distribution:

They are found in northwestern Peru., in the upper valley of the Marañón river, from the east of La Libertad to the southeast of Cajamarca and the south of Amazonas.

Conservation:

State of conservation ⓘ

Vulnerable Vulnerable ⓘ (UICN)ⓘ

According to the IUCN categories it is considered as Vulnerable (VU). Habitat degradation and trade are adversely affecting the population.

The ban on the capture and trade has improved the status of this species. The rate of decline was very rapid in the Decade of 1980, Although at present has been reduced and even stabilized. But, the population is still very small, with records in very few places, and as a result, according to the IUCN categories, qualified as vulnerable.

"Yellow-faced Parrotlet" in captivity

Captured for the trade of wild birds, It is estimated that 17.000 birds were captured between 1981 and 1994. The rate of mortality during capture is estimated between the 40% and the 100%. Rare and unknown in captivity until 1979-1980.

Images "Yellow-faced Parrotlet"

Alternative names:

1. Yellow-faced parrotlet (English).
2. Toui à tête jaune, Perruche-moineau à tête jaune (French).
3. Gelbmasken-Sperlingspapagei, Gelbmaskenpapagei (German).
4. Tuim-de-cabeça-amarela, Tuim, Periquito-de-cabeça-amarela (Portuguese).
5. "Catita enana de cara amarilla", Cotorrita carigualda, Periquito de Cara Amarilla (español).


Parrots in the world

Species of the genus Forpus

Sources: Parrot Book, Parrots and macaws Neotropical
Photo: Wilkipedia

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Brown-hooded Parrot
Pyrilia haematotis

Origin: Mexico, Belice, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia
Character: quiet and shy
Life expectancy: ----
Height: 21 cm..


Lorito Encapuchado

Content

Description:

21 cm.. height and weight around 165 g.

It more distinguishable from the Brown-hooded Parrot (Pyrilia haematotis) is your head, with forecrown White and the eye ring naked white also; ear with red feathers or oranges, crown grayish coffee, chest and nape Green yellowish.

The rest of the body usually green with it armpit red (easily view on the fly), contrasting with the blue-green of the wings and the green of the tail. The latter with light blue at the tip of the central feathers.

The bill is pale brown with yellow tinge. The irises they are red and the legs grayish brown.

The immature they are similar to adults, but more pale, off and without the color red in the head. Their irises is dark.

Subspecies description:

  • Pyrilia haematotis coccinicollaris

    (Lawrence, 1862) – With red marks on the bottom of the rear of the neck and in the part superior of the chest, often forming a band in the male, more weakly in the females.


  • Pyrilia haematotis haematotis

    (Sclater,PL & Salvin, 1860) – The nominal.

Habitat:

It inhabits mainly in the canopy of humid forests with a deciduous tendency, until the 1500 m. Their flocks are not numerous and are quiet at the time of feeding.
In Colombia is considered species very rare.

Reproduction:

It nests in hollow of trees and seems to share them with Blue-headed Parrot (Pionus menstruus).

Breeding season in February in Yucatan; May-July in Guatemala; August in Panama.

Food:

Feeds of fruits and seeds of trees in areas forested, as well as plants epiphytes and leaves green of some types of mistletoe.

Distribution:

Are you can observe in freedom from the Centre-South of Mexico to northwest of Colombia.
You can socialize with other parrots and toucans.

Subspecies distribution:

  • Pyrilia haematotis coccinicollaris

    (Lawrence, 1862) – It is from Panama and Northwest of Colombia.


  • Pyrilia haematotis haematotis

    (Sclater,PL & Salvin, 1860) – The nominal.

Conservation:


minor concern


• Red List category of the UICN current: Least concern

• Population trend: Stable

Justification of the population:

Partners in Flight estimates the population at fewer than 50.000 individuals (A. Panjabi in litt., 2008), by what is placed in the band 20,000-49,999 individuals here.

Justification trend:

The population of the Parrot Encapuchad suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence of any reduction or substantial threats.

"Brown-hooded Parrot" in captivity:

Extremely susceptible to stress and diseases during the acclimatization, sudden deaths occur without warning. These are reasons why the they are seldom seen in captivity.

Alternative names:

– Brown hooded Parrot, Brown-hooded Parrot, Red-eared Parrot (English).
– Caïque à capuchon (French).
– Grauwangenpapagei, Grauwangen-Papagei (German).
– Brown-hooded Parrot (Portuguese).
– Cotorra Cabeciparda, Lora cabeciparda, Lorito Abigarrada, Lorito Encapuchado, Loro Cabecipardo, Loro Cabeza Oscura, loro cabeza-oscura, Loro Orejirrojo (español).
– Cotorra Cabeciparda (Colombia).
– Loro cabecipardo (Costa Rica).
– Lora cabeciparda (Honduras).
– loro cabeza oscura, loro cabeza-oscura, Loro Orejirrojo (Mexico).
– Loro Cabecipardo (Nicaragua).

scientific classification:

– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittacidae
– Genus: Pyrilia
– Scientific name: Pyrilia haematotis
– Citation: (Sclater,PL & Salvin, 1860)
– Protonimo: Pionus haematotis

Images "Brown-hooded Parrot"

Videos "Brown-hooded Parrot"

"Hooded Parrot" (Pyrilia haematotis)


Sources:

  • Avibase
  • Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
  • Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
  • Birdlife
  • parrots.org

  • Photos:

(1) – avconline

  • Sounds: controles-canto.org – Doug Knapp

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Orange-winged Parrot
Amazona amazonica

Origin: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela
Character: Sociable, outgoing
Life expectancy: 60 to 70 years
Height: 33 to 36 cm..

Amazona Alinaranja

Content

Anatomy-parrots

Description Orange-winged Parrot

Of 33 to 36 cm.. height can weigh between 350 gr y 450 gr.
The Orange-winged Parrot (Amazona amazonica) It is distinguishable by having the Centre of the crown and cheeks yellow, separated by the forecrown and sides of the crown pale blue, edge of the wing orange, and inside of the tail Orange with stripe green in the Middle.
The copies juveniles have a color different to it of them adults; the head is green, Blue and pale yellow.
It is not possible to determine the sex of the Amazons in a safe manner by their appearance.

Habitat:

Present in varied habitats (dry forests, morichales, Savanna, stubble, mangroves, etc.) below the 500 m.

Frequently is seen in pairs or in flocks numerous out of it breeding season.

Reproduction:

It is a kind monogamous (the couple stays together for life).

It nests in trunks of Palms killed apparently at the end of the season dry.
The female lays from 3 to 5 eggs and she incubates them for three weeks approximately. the chicks take two months to develop.

Food:

It feeds on various fruits, seeds and sprouts leaves. Including the fruit of Palms (Sloanea, Richeria and Byrsonima) , flowers Erythrina and sometimes cocoa.
You can take oranges and mangoes of the cultivated areas when other food is scarce.

Distribution:


Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 7.420.000 km2

North and Central South America to the East of Peru, Brazilian Amazon and northeast of Bolivia.

Conservation:

State of conservation ⓘ

minor concern Minor Concern ⓘ (UICN)ⓘ
  • Current red list category of the UICN: Least concern.
  • The population trend: Decreasing.

    • Trapped for the wild bird trade: they have been 268.510 wild-caught individuals for international trade from 1981.
    In some areas of their range they are hunted for food by the indigenous population.
    The loss of habitat is also a concern.


    "Orange-winged Parrot" in captivity:

    Video – "Orange-winged Parrot"

    Amazona Amazonica
    Watch this video on YouTube.

    Popular as a mascot for more than 100 years.
    Loving, playful, with good ability to speak, sociable with people.

    Known for being very friendly, easy to train, very Smart.
    They need constant attention of their owners, they carry out all kinds of fun pranks to get that attention.
    Over time they will form a strong bond with their owner., they can however be quite noisy. They will make noise early in the morning and when the Sun is setting. This usually lasts for a few 10 minutes, to wake up and just before sleep.

    Alternative names:

    – Orange winged Parrot, Common Amazon Parrot, Orange-winged Amazon, Orange-winged Parrot (English).
    – Amazone à ailes orange, Amazone aourou (French).
    – Venezuelaamazone (German).
    – curica, airu-curuca, ajuru-catinga, ajuru-curau, ajuru-curuca, curau, curuçá, Papagaio-do-mangue, papagaio-grego, papagaio-poaieiro (Portuguese).
    – Amazona Alinaranja, Amazona Guaro, Cotorra Alianaranjada, Lora Amazónica, Loro Real, Lora alianaranjada (español).
    – Lora Amazónica (Colombia).
    – Loro Guaro (Venezuela).

    scientific classification:

    – Order: Psittaciformes
    – Family: Psittacidae
    – Genus: Amazona
    – Scientific name: Amazona amazonica
    – Citation: (Linnaeus, 1766)
    – Protonimo: Psittacus amazonicus

    Orange winged Parrot images :

    amazona-alinaranja-1
    amazona-alinaranja-2
    amazona-alinaranja-3
    amazona-alinaranja-4
    Parrots in the world

    Species of the genus Amazona


    Sources:

    – Parrot Book, Parrots and macaws Neotropical
    – avibase

    Photos:

    – Our beautiful world
    – An Orange-winged Amazon at Kuala Lumpur Bird Park, Malaysia. It is eating a slice of corn on the cob by Vasenka – Wikimedia
    – by Patrick Ingremeau – IBC.lynxeds.com
    – by Snowmanradio (talk) – Wikimedia
    – by Thore Noernberg – IBC.lynxeds.com

    Sounds: Joao Antonio de B.. Vitto (Xeno-canto)

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    Long-billed corella
    Cacatua tenuirostris

    Origin: Australia
    Character: active, social
    Life expectancy: 50 to 60 years
    Height: 35 to 41 cm..

    Cacatúa Picofina

    Content

    Description

    35 to 41 cm.. length. The weight of 500 to 600 g..
    The Long-billed corella (Cacatua tenuirostris) has white plumage. The undertail coverts and the parts below from the wings they are bathed in pale yellow, very visible in flight. It has red coloration in the throat and the chest, with a Red Crescent ranked in the upper breast.
    The Head shows a small crest white, Red front and a wide, nude and fleshy eye ring blue-grey around the eyes dark browns. The bill is white with blue base. upper jaw is long and hooked. The legs and feet are dark gray.

    The female is similar to the male, with the upper jaw more short and less red.

    There are two similar species:

    – Cacatua sanguinea. Lack of forecrown Red and the red color in the neck. The upper jaw is shorter.

    – Cacatua galerita. Similar in flight, has crest yellow and lacks of colour red. The bill is black.

    Habitat:

    Video – "Long-billed corella" (Cacatua tenuirostris)

    Long-billed corella ~ Cacatua tenuirostris
    Watch this video on YouTube.

    Common in forests and remnant trees on farmland. It nests in Eucalyptus camaldulensis in the flooded Plains or close to streams. Wild populations living on farms and parks in urban areas.

    Behavior:

    It´s resident in their area of distribution, some local movements. Outside of breeding season, You can see in large flocks of up to 2.000 birds or more. Son noisy and visible, pronouncing discordant calls.

    Pose in large eucalyptus near water. They leave the roost in the morning to drink, and then, go to the feeding areas. Again when the darkness comes to sleep, but not before excited participate in games and stunts .

    They move on the floor with stunning movement jump. They do not have the other species waddling gait cockatoo.
    It causes damage to crops of cereals and tree fruit, considered as one pest for farmers.

    Nest colonies. They can create their nests with other species of Corella, and sometimes they hybridize. Populations feral in Sydney and Perth, from the release of unwanted birds, they may hybridize with endangered species such as the Cacatua pastinator

    Reproduction:

    Held from July to November. Forman couples monogamous. The male and female prepared the nest in the Hollows of large old eucalypts. If you do not find a suitable tree, You can make a burrow in soft soil Bank. They fill the nest of wood chips and often reuse it for several years.

    They nest in large colonies, with several nests in the same tree.
    The female lays 2-4 eggs White. The incubation lasts a few 24 days, shared by both parents. The young leave the nest 55 days after hatching, being fed by the parents for three weeks more.

    Food:

    Feeds mainly on what obtained from soil, seeds, estate and bulbs that unearths with its upper jaw. They feed in the coolest hours of the day. Also consumes insects.

    Distribution:

    Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 382.000 km2

    Is located in the southeast of Australia. Introduced in urban centers of Australia and Tasmania.

    Conservation:

    State of conservation ⓘ

    minor concern Minor Concern ⓘ (UICN)ⓘ

    • Current IUCN Red List category: Least concern.

    • Population trend growing


    Populations may be declining due to loss of breeding grounds in its original distribution area.
    But, the Long-billed corella It common in its range.

    Is created that in the world there are more than 250 thousand individuals.


    "Long-billed corella" in captivity:

    It is very popular as a pet for the most part of Australia, and has been classified as the best «talkative" of the australian cockatoos for its ability to mimic words almost to perfection.
    Has a personality playful and active.

    Out of its area of distribution is rare in poultry farming.

    Alternative names:

    – Long billed Corella, Long-billed Cockatoo, Long-billed Corella, Slender-billed Corella (ingles).
    – Cacatoès nasique (French).
    – Nasenkakadu (German).
    – Cacatua-corella-de-bico-longo (Portuguese).
    – Cacatúa de Pico Largo, Cacatúa Picofina (español).

    scientific classification:

    – Order: Psittaciformes
    – Family: Cacatuidae
    – Genus: Cockatoo
    – Scientific name: Cacatua tenuirostris
    – Citation: (Kuhl, 1820)
    – Protonimo: Psittacus tenuirostris
    –

    Images Slender-billed Cockatoo:

    cacatua-picofina-1
    cacatua-picofina-2
    cacatua-picofina-3
    cacatua-picofina-4

    Parrots in the world

    Species of the genus Cacatua

    Sources:
    – Avibase
    – Photos: Alice Springs in Australia’s Red Centre, commons.wikimedia.org, Ian Barker (ibc.lynxeds.com/)
    – Sounds: Marc Anderson (Xeno-canto)

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