The head of the Orange-billed Lorikeet(Neopsittacus pullicauda) is green, the nape lightly brown tinged with yellow stripes; ear-coverts dark green, showing some streaks of greenish-yellow; chin dark green. Upperparts green. The wings, at the top, green, with vane internal to coverts blackish. Under the wings, the coats red; flight feather Blackish with wide red central stripe. Throat green; top of the chest, Scarlet Red, extending to the belly and ending above the the thighs; flanks green; undertail-coverts brighter yellowish green. Uppertail green; retrizes penas lower color olive brown, marked in red in vane inner.
Bill orange red: irises red; legs grey.
The sexes alike.
Immature more off than adults with much less red (or orange) on the chest and a Brown peak.
It differs from the nominal by the chest Orange which contrasts with the Red of the belly and upperparts darker.
Neopsittacus pullicauda socialis
Similar to the nominal, but darker and showing less Brown at the nape.
Habitat:
Lives in the forests of MOSS and areas surrounding partially cleared, mainly between 2.100 and 3.800 m, with a limit not below 1,600 meters except for some occasionalLori found to 800 m. Normally found at higher altitudes than the Yellow-billed Lorikeet, but there is considerable overlap in lower altitudes to 2.500 m. where the two meet, often feeding in friendly company.
Pretty common and often found in pairs, small groups or groups of up to 30 birds in the trees in flower.
Travel in noisy groups, and it can fly very high above the canopy to and from the feeding areas. Not only feeds in the canopy, but also at low altitude of plants and even at the lowest levels near the ground. Assets and meek.
Reproduction:
Habits of nesting not described, Although it is said that they nest in holes of tall trees and lay two eggs. A male in breeding conditions was observed in October.
Food:
It feeds on pollen, nectar, flowers, fruits and seeds, Although he believes that they are less dependent on seeds as part regular your diet than the Yellow-billed Lorikeet.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 113.000 km2
New Guinea in Irian Jaya (Indonesian) and Papua New Guineto. The range runs from the East of Snow Mountains far reaches the Huon Peninsula e intervals to the Southeast. A small number of captivity.
Subspecies distribution:
Neopsittacus pullicauda pullicauda
The nominal.
Neopsittacus pullicauda alpinus
Snow Mountains, Irian Jaya, to the East with the upper region of the fly river, West of Papua New Guinea
>Neopsittacus pullicauda socialis
Herzog mountains and mountains of the Huon Peninsula, North of Papua New Guinea.
Conservation:
• Current IUCN Red List category: Least concern.
• Population trend: Stable.
The world population It has not been quantified, Although it is thought that it may be superior to the 30.000 birds. The species according to sources is common (pit et to the. 1997).
The population suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence of any reduction or substantial threats.
"Orange-billed Lorikeet" in captivity:
Uncommon in captivity.
Shy until getting used to the owner, It is best in coexistence with other loris, playful, they need stimulation to avoid boredom. You can learn to imitate. They are messy due to liquid diet.
Alternative names:
– Orange-billed Lorikeet, Emerald Lorikeet, Orange billed Lorikeet, Orange-billed Mountain Lory (ingles).
– Lori émeraude, Lori éméraude (French).
– Orangeschnabel-Berglori, Orangeschnabelberglori (German).
– Lori Montano Chico, Lori Moteado Chico (español).
The crown of the Yellow-capped Pygmy-Parrot(Micropsitta keiensis) is yellow ocher, with a warm brown in forecrown; lores, chin and area under the eyes, brown; coverts outpus, dark green, tending to lighter green on cheeks and throat.
Upperparts, dark green with center at wing-coverts and feathers of black color with a black colored margin extrecho; flight feather black with vane Green external; feathers wings green. The underparts are yellowish-green, with fine dark stripes; undertail-coverts yellow and green. Upper, the tail It is iridescent, slightly greenish blue in the Center, Foreign feathers blackish with yellow spot on the ends. Under, the tail dark blue and yellow.
Bill dark grey; irises brown; legs dark gray.
Both sexes similar. Immature like females but with bill pale yellow.
(Rothschild, 1911) – Similar a nominal, but darker.
Micropsitta keiensis chloroxantha
(Oberholser, 1917) – The mature more muted. The underparts with red markings male, dyed yellowish in female.
Habitat:
It inhabits in the forests of lowlands, in secondary growth and, sometimes around inhabited areas and coconut trees. The ecology species is similar to that of the Buff-faced Pygmy-Parrot. The birds are alone, in pairs or in small groups, and they can be distributed by undergrowth to some 20 meters above the ground. They climb on trunks and branches, and they can go down head, in inverted position, sometimes.
Reproduction:
Nest and roost Termites in tree cavities, they excavate the cavity by themselves; tunnel passageways go up and may bend before reaching nest-chamber. up the laying two white eggs deposited in a cavity unlined (dimensions around 20 cm x 15 cm.), and they can be occupied by other adults roost (up to four) during the breeding season. The exact role of these visiting birds is unknown, It is thought that they can help with the tasks of nest. nesting It has been recorded from October to March
Food:
With feed lichen, fungi, seeds, fruits and insects. Most of the lichen is collected directly from the surface of the bark of trees..
Distribution:
Size of its range (breeding/resident): 763.000 km2
The Modest Tiger-Parrot(Psittacella modesta) has the head Brown olive, with indistinct centers yellow to the feathers of the crown and nape. Mantle dark green, with slightly darker edges to feathers; rump with indistinct greenish-yellow and black mix. Uppertail green, with fringe darker. Wings of color green dark marked in blue on the curve.
Yellow wing feathers. Of flight outer feathers blackish edged green in the bases and with fine yellow margins the vane internal and external. Top of the chest Gris-Oliva below the bend of wing, belly paler, opaque green; undertail-coverts red. Upper, the tail dark green; by down blackish.
The bill grey-blue, whitish tip; irises orange; legs bluish grey.
Female alternating the Brown dark and the pink in the chest, flanks alternating the Green and yellow-green.
(Rand, 1941) – Something more dark in General, the collar yellow on the back of the neck is more brilliant and variable, head brown / dark grey.
The females with the head darker and some with a slight yellow colouring.
Psittacella modesta collaris
(Ogilvie-Grant, 1914) – The neck yellow, irregularly present. Darker hue at the sides of the head.
The females have mild brands yellow in the part back from the head.
Habitat:
It is found in the humid mountain forests, forest Moss, edges of secondary vegetation and forests, a altitude between 1.200 and 4.000 m (mostly between 1,700-2,800 Metro).
The Modest Tiger-Parrot is a bird quiet, discreet, quite docile and difficult to observe. It tends to prefer medium or lower forest and seeks its food crawling or jumping slowly at ground level. They only fly short distances when bother them.
Birds are found alone or in pairs, and they feed on seeds and small fruits.
The young birds as females.
Reproduction:
There is no information on the breeding ecology, but a male State of reproduction was observed during the month of June.
Food:
Observed feeding is of small fruits; seeds and pieces of berries DURAS were found in their stomachs.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 65.100 km2
New Guinea in Irian Jaya, Indonesian and Papua New Guinea. Scattered through the uplands, observed in the Vogelkop mountains (isolated population), and after all latitude 136ºE, through the central mountain belt, in the central mountain ranges, including the Tari area, the range of Victor Emanuel and the District of Mount Hagen, reaching around of 145 °E. The range overlaps with the species Madarasz's Tiger-Parrot at a length of 1,200 kilometers along the Cordillera central and where the two species overlap. The Modest Tiger-Parrot is usually found in slightly higher altitudes than the Madarasz's Tiger-Parrot. The world's population is thought to be greater of 50.000 specimens. The species is locally common.
(Ogilvie-Grant, 1914) – is located to the South of the Maoke mountains.
Conservation:
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern
• Population trend: Stable
The size of the world population It has not been quantified, Although deemed superior to the 50.000 specimens. The species is reported as locally common (pit et to the. 1997).
The population is suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence of any reduction or substantial threats.
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Wikipedia
– Loromania
35 to 40 cm.. length between 145 and 163 g. of weight.
The Moluccan King-Parrot (Alisterus amboinensis) has a head, neck, the nape of the neck and the upper mantle of bright red, with strong demarcation to dark blue-violet in the lower mantle, back, buttocks and supracaudales coverts. Green wings with the exception of the blue in the small inner coverts and carpal edge. Under, black wings with blue-violet coverts. Bright red bottoms, with mauve bases to coverts infracaudales, sometimes visible; flanks with a little blue. Upper, the very dark blue colal; below black grey color wide-margin rose to the side feathers.
Bill with an orange-red base on the upper mandible, Blackish lower; Orange iris; black grey legs.
The two sexes, somatic sexual dimorphism is not presented..
Immature with more green in the back; Brown-Black beaks; pale eye-ring and darker than the adults of iris. Dotted pink on the outer tail feathers. Mature in one year.
(Salvadori, 1876) – As the subspecies sulaensis but with more feathers in the tail with pink edges. Blackish grey peak in both sexes
Alisterus amboinensis dorsalis
(Quoy & Gaimard, 1830) – As the nominal but the rose of the absent tail feathers; Red slightly darker on the head and underparts.
Alisterus amboinensis hypophonius
(S. Muller, 1843) – As the nominal, but the wings and the deep blue wing coverts; the rose in the absent tail feathers
Alisterus amboinensis sulaensis
(Reichenow, 1881) – As the nominal, but with a green stripe across the upper mantle; No rim with pink in the tail feathers.
Alisterus amboinensis versicolor
(Neumann, 1939) – Unlike the subspecies sulaensis by having a uniform blue mantle; smaller in size than the nominal.
Habitat:
The Moluccan Parrot is distributed through the dense primary and secondary humid forests, and from time to time in the adjacent plantations, farmland and gardens, from the lowlands up to around the 2.100 meters above sea level.
The birds are usually found in pairs or in small groups, and they are very calm while feeding and shy at all times, hiding in the thick foliage and flying amid shrill calls at the first sign of an intruder.
Reproduction:
Just nothing is known of the cycle of reproduction in the wild, although according to sources, nesting takes place between the months of February and April.
Two young birds nests have been found on two occasions in hollow trees.
One instance of captive breeding gave data for incubation of 19 days, with the emerging young in nine weeks.
The courtship was observed during feeding, and two eggs were deposited.
Food:
The diet includes acorns Lithocarpus, as well as hard fruits, outbreaks and other forest tree berries.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 149.000 km2
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern
• Population trend: Decreasing
The size of the world's population has not been quantified, but the species is described as generally common, Although rare in Halmahera.
The nominal subspecies population is estimated at 70.000 specimens (pit et to the. 1997).
The population is suspected to be declining due to the destruction of habitat in course.
"Moluccan King-Parrot" in captivity:
Occasionally available.
Nervous, is a bird a pet bird.
In captivity will have failed to reproduce.
In the Zoological Garden of Loro Parque, Tenerife, on Canary Islands, biologists Dr. Burkard and Dr. Gerlach they have made so large colonies, but since 1972 they have succeeded until now non.
More information on loromania
Alternative names:
– Moluccan King-Parrot, Amboina King Parrot, Amboina King-Parrot, Ambon King-Parrot, Moluccan King Parrot (ingles).
– Perruche tricolore, Perruche royale d’Amboine (French).
– Amboinasittich (German).
– Periquito-rei-amboina (Portuguese).
– Papagayo Moluqueño, Papagayo Real de Amboina (español).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– World Parrot Trust – parrots.org
The Northern Rosella (Platycercus venustus) they have a whitish beaks, black head, except the bottom of the cheeks and Chin that show a cream color. Their underparts feathers, lower back and rump, are pale yellow with black trim, giving these areas a look slightly flaky.
The curves of the wings are blue.
The subcaudales coverts are bright red. Nape, mantle and scapulars are black with broad yellow edges, forming an effect of shoulder straps. Blankets are black. The medium-sized coverts are bluish grey. The rest of the wing coverts are black with edges of yellow or blue grey. Deployed primaries are black. The Central tail feathers are verde-bronce while the outer feathers are dark blue with clear or white edges.
The females they are slightly smaller than the male, with the narrower peak.
The youth they are more turned off, with red markings on the head, and with more green and short tail feathers. Reaches it adult plumage in 12 months.
Subspecies description
Platycercus venustus hilli
(Mathews 1910) – Adults are similar to the nominal species but with bottoms scalloped with a sweeping black and the bottom of the cheeks of violet blue colour.
The Northern Rosella they are unusual or are irregularly distributed in the mixed forests of eucalyptus and Melaleuca. They are generally found in open areas along rivers but are absent in floodplains along major rivers.. They are also present in the monsoon forests bordering open forests. From time to time, the Northern Rosella visit mangroves, parks and gardens in the vicinity of Darwin.
The Northern Rosella they live in pairs or in small groups ranging between 6 and 8 specimens. You rarely see them in flocks. They are usually very cautious and discreet, except in national parks where they are accustomed to human presence. They are more arboreal than other parrots of the genus habits Rosella. Funny Parrots are difficult to observe, whether on land or hidden in the foliage in the trees. They are most active in the morning and at the end of the afternoon. They show great caution when they come to drink at water points. When moving, their flight is fast, but unpredictable and less undulating than most parakeets.
Reproduction:
The nesting season extends from June to September, Sometimes a little earlier. The Northern Rosella install their nests in hole of a branch or the trunk of a tree cavity, generally in eucalyptus trees located a short distance from a stream. Implementation usually includes between 2 and 4 eggs that are incubated during 19 days. The female is solely in charge of incubation and is fed in the nest by her partner.. The chicks stay is relatively long and may last up to 7 weeks.
Food:
The Northern Rosella feed mainly on seeds of eucalyptus, acacia and Melaleuca Although they despise the of the blue cypress (Callitris intratropica). The seeds of green areas and nectar are also on their menu. The birds that live in the forests near the coast sometimes feed on the coast and along the banks of small streams.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 785.000 km2
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern
• Population Trend: Stable
The Northern Rosella they have a very unequal distribution. At most, they can be considered locally common, but in any part of their range they are evaluated as abundant.
Despite the studies that have been carried out since the 19th century, it is not possible to discern if the numbers are increasing or decreasing. It is possible that its population has always been limited, given the difficulty of finding refuge during the dry season.
Its population, according to some sources, It is estimated at around 50.000 specimens.
"Northern Rosella" in captivity:
Quite calm and shy. Incompatible con otras aves.
Not common in captivity, incluso en la avicultura de Australia
In terms of their longevity, una muestra, according to sources, lived 19,1 years in captivity
Alternative names:
– Northern Rosella, Brown’s Parakeet, Brown’s Rosella, Smutty Parakeet, Smutty Parrot, Smutty Rosella, White-cheeked Rosella (ingles).
– Perruche gracieuse, Perruche de Brown (French).
– Brownsittich, Brown Sittich, Brown-Sittich, Schwarzkopfsittich (German).
– Rosela-do-norte (Portuguese).
– Perico Gracioso, Rosela del Norte (español).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– AnAge: The Animal Ageing and Longevity Database – An Age entry for Platycercus venustus
– Photos:
(1) – Platycercus – loros tipo Rosella – popugaychiki
(2) – Northern rosella taken in Litchfield National Park – A BRIEF DIGRESSION ON PARROTS
(3) – Alan Marshall’s Pictures of Northern Rosella (Platycercus venustus) in the NT (Northern Territory) of Australia
(4) – Alan Marshall’s Pictures of Northern Rosella (Platycercus venustus) in the NT (Northern Territory) of Australia
(5) – By TJ Lin from Taiwan (DSCN8954Uploaded by Snowmanradio) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Rosellas, Northern – Princenton University Press
▷ The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians
45 cm. of length and weight approximate of 280 g..
The Red Shining-Parrot(Prosopeia tabuensis) It is the most distinctive of the colorful parrots of Fiji. It is a large parrot.
Their coloration are distinguished from the other two species. Its head, neck and underparts a brilliant scarlet hues with a blue collar extending behind the neck; the back and tail are a bright green. The flight feather and tail they are green, strongly impregnated with blue.
The bill and legs are black, and irises are orange.
The males and females they are similar, However, the bill the male is larger and the head It has a more square than the females form.
(Layard,THE) 1876 – 40 cm.. length approximately; more small that it nominal species, without the band blue on the nape, the feathers of the abdomen with a tone more blue and with the face less blackish.
Habitat:
The Red Shining-Parrot are distributed in the mature forests and through a variety of associated habitats, including the of secondary growth, wooded ravines (nest), coconut plantations, Gardens of villages, agricultural fields, mangroves and scrub.
There has been starting from the 100 meters of altitude until the 1.750, but they are most common between the 400 and 1.000 m.
The Red Shining-Parrot they are suspicious, curious and You can see them individually, in pairs or in flocks of up to 40 individuals outside the breeding season. they are not shy, and loud groups tend to meet in their favotitos places to eat.
They tend to rest on the tops of the trees.
Reproduction:
The Red Shining-Parrot perch upright and turn head rhythmically back and forth, probably showing a form of courtship.
The breeding is in the months from July to October, in trees dead or broken, the female feeds the young.
Of 2-3 eggs that is hatch during 23-24 days.
The juveniles they can fly to the 8 weeks.
Food:
Feeding of the fruits and seeds a variety of trees, for example, Myristica hypargyraea, that is of particular importance in 'USA. They also feed on MangoMangifera indica, papayaCarica papaya, guava Psidium guajava and bananas. Son agile climbers and move in search of food using their beaks to rely on small branches. Sujentan foods with their claws, since they bite with its powerful beak, and they chew the wood to remove insect larvae.
They feed mainly in the upper canopy, but sometimes also attack the cornfields.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 6.200 km2
The Red Shining-Parrot they are distributed in a natural way in the islands of the Group Fiji including Vanua Levu, KIOA, Taveuni, Qamea, Laucala, Koro and Gau (probably introduced). In Tonga, the species was introduced in Tongatapu prior to contact with the European and where it has already extinct due to habitat loss, and in 'USA where it is still quite common, especially in the forests of the East, North and South-West (with a population estimated between 700- 1.000 birds in 1988).
The species benefits, in part, Thanks to agriculture, but they depend largely on its nest in mature trees of the forest, trees that are being cleared in most of its extension. The species is also threatened by trade, and it is also hunted for its feathers and as food.
Many juveniles are caught to be raised locally as pets, Since they learn to talk easily.
Its population is believed that it may be above the 20.000 specimens, but of the subspecies prosopeia remaining, probably, less than 5.000 birds and its status is of concern.
There has been a sharp decline in the population of the Red Shining-Parrot in some areas due to habitat loss, although the species remains locally common at lower elevations on most of its islands.
The size of the world population It has not been quantified, but the species is described as common and visible throughout its area of distribution (Watling 2001).
The population It is suspected that it may be in decline due to ongoing habitat destruction.
"Red Shining-Parrot" in captivity:
Very rare in captivity.
According to sources, one specimen was still alive after 6,8 years in captivity. Taking into account the longevity of the similar species, the maximum longevity in these animals could be underestimated. Es un hecho que estos animales pueden vivir hasta 23.7 years in captivity, aunque en esta especie no ha sido verificado.
Origin: South Africa, Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya, Malawi
Character: ...
Life expectancy: 32 years
Height: 22 cm..
Content
Description:
Of 22 cm.. length and a weight between 120 and 156 g..
The Brown-headed Parrot(Poicephalus cryptoxanthus) has the head, including the nape, the chin and throat brown; ear-coverts paler. Mantle brown, but more to the tail; scapulars dark green-edged Brown; rump and uppertail-coverts bright green. Upper, the wing-coverts green, sometimes with a small yellow spot on the curve of the wing
folded; wing feathers yellow. Primaries brown with vane Blue-Green external; the secondaries brown.
The feathers in the upper area of the chest brown with a narrow green edge at the bottom; the rest of the underparts green, but darker bases of the feathers, giving a mottled look.
Tail dark brown with green washing and dark green tip.
The upper jaw and cere grey-black (darker towards tip), lower pale, almost white; irises yellow-green light; periophthalmic ring and legs dark grey to black.
Both sexes similar.
Immature generally more muted than adults and with the irises brown.
Poicephalus cryptoxanthus cryptoxanthus (Peters,W, 1854) – Nominal species
Poicephalus cryptoxanthus tanganyikae (Bowen, 1930) – As the nominal but more pale species; more green and less Brown. Green mantle and underparts brighter. Bib of brown feathers on the throat and upper of the much smaller chest than in the nominal species; the head more color olive brown.
Habitat:
Is located in almost all the forests: riparian forests, in the interior of the savannah forests and in the dry forests of southeastern Africa, but it seems to avoid the miombo woodland and prefers areas with baobabs.
Registered in coconut plantations, riparian forest, the edges of small farms and mangroves.
Confined in lowlands (below the 1.200 metres above sea level in Tanzania and 1.000 metres in Malawi).
Gregarious; usually seen them is in small flocks of about 12 birds, but can meet up to 50 in places of power. Sometimes it is associated with the Cape Parrot and also observed feeding in the company of the Madagascar Green-Pigeon.
Reproduction:
Normally nest in hollows of old trees of woodpeckers, between 4 and 10 meters above the ground. Often has to compete with the Cape Parrot, Meyer's Parrot, squirrels and Crowned Hornbill the nesting sites.
Season of laying egg is April-May in the South of its range.
The laying is of 2 to 4 eggs, which are incubated solely by the female during 26-30 days, While the male feeds her on the nest.
The chicks they remain in the nest during 50-54 days Before leaving for the "breeding area", which is usually an area of dense broadleaf trees with a nearby water supply. During this time the chicks are silent and largely immobile, becoming fully independent a few 28 days later.
They forage, with slow and deliberate movements, climbing and often holding the food between the claws. They drink daily, around midday.
Distribution:
The Brown-headed Parrot are distributed by the southeast of Africa. From the North-East of South Africa (Swaziland, Zululand and Transvaal) through the southeast of Zimbabwe, Mozambique and South of Malawi to the East of Tanzania (including the island of Pemba and southern end of Zanzibar) and southeastern edge of Kenya.
Apparently sedentary. In some places, the Brown-headed Parrot, are a species common, especially close to the coast and in the South of its range, but in some other areas are scarce or rather local; in Zanzibar possibly extinct.
Distribution Subspecies:
Poicephalus cryptoxanthus cryptoxanthus (Peters,W, 1854) – Nominal species
Poicephalus cryptoxanthus tanganyikae (Bowen, 1930) – Mozambique, to the North of the Save River across the South of Malawi and this from Tanzania to the coastal part of Kenya.
It is not threatened, although its distribution has contracted since 1990, to a large extent due to the capture illegal for the industry of cage birds.
More and more vulnerable due to the loss and fragmentation of their habitat.
Largely confined to protected areas in Zululand and East of Transvaal.
"Brown-headed Parrot" in captivity:
The only data we have on this bird, according to sources, is that one specimen was still alive after 32,1 years in captivity.
Alternative names:
– Brown-headed Parrot, Brown headed Parrot, Brownheaded Parrot (English).
– Perroquet à tête brune (French).
– Braunkopfpapagei, Braunkopf-Papagei (German).
– Papagaio-de-cabeça-castanha (Portuguese).
– Lorito Cabecipardo, Lorito de Cabeza Parda (español).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Photos:
(1) – A Brown-headed Parrot at Kruger National Park, South Africa Henry Flower at en.Wikipedia [CC BY-SA 3.0 or GFDL], from Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Bungalow N°51, Mopani Camp, Kruger NP, SOUTH AFRICA By Bernard DUPONT from FRANCE (Brown-headed Parrot (Poicephalus cryptoxanthus)) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – A Brown-headed Parrot in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa By New Jersey Birds (Brown-headed ParrotUploaded by snowmanradio) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Bungalow N°51, Mopani Camp, Kruger NP, SOUTH AFRICA By Bernard DUPONT from FRANCE (Brown-headed Parrot (Poicephalus cryptoxanthus)) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Lower Sabie Camp, Kruger NP, SOUTH AFRICA By Bernard DUPONT from FRANCE (Brown-headed Parrot (Poicephalus cryptoxanthus)) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
Origin: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Laos, Myanmar (Burma), Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Viet Nam, Thailand
Character: active.
Life expectancy: 30 years.
Height: Of 50 to 62 cm..
Content
Description:
From between 50-62cm. in length and weighing between 198–258 grams.
The Alexandrine Parakeet(Psittacula eupatria) has the forecrown, lores and crown bright green, merging to lavender-blue on cheeks, ear-coverts and back of the crown; faint dark line from back of cere to eye ring; narrow black band from the base of bill, laterally across the base of the cheeks, that binds with a wide collar pink around the back of the neck.
Nape, the mantle, scapulars, rump and uppertail-coverts greenish-grey. Upperwing-coverts smaller brown; rest of upperwing-coverts green (brighter and emerald body feathers). The primaries and secondaries greyish green with dark tips to the vane previous interns, Blackish below.
Underwing-coverts gray-green. The underparts brighter yellowish green, chest with grayish tint. Upper, the tail light green with yellow tip; undertail, golden yellow.
Bill red with paler tip: cere whitish; irises pale yellow; legs rose gray.
The female no black and pink markings neck and it is generally duller.
The immature It resembles the female (The males are sometimes distinguished by larger size).
(Kloss, 1917) – Similar to the subspecies Psittacula eupatria magnirostris but with the neck more yellow, the bill smaller and close blue neckband, reduced or absent. Yellower below the subspecies Psittacula eupatria nipalensis.
(Ball, 1872) – It differs from the subspecies Psittacula eupatria nipalensis by blue coloration above band pink, which it is more limited and sometimes non-existent and the pink band nape that is wider; swe other subspecies differs by having the bill Larger.
Psittacula eupatria nipalensis
(Hodgson, 1836) – Larger and grayer than the species nominal, less lavender in head and wider black stripe mustache.
Psittacula eupatria siamensis
(Kloss, 1917) – Cara and neck yellow, nape bluish. Slightly smaller than the subspecies Psittacula eupatria Avensis.
Habitat:
Video – "Alexandrine Parakeet" (Psittacula eupatria)
The Alexandrine Parakeet It is distributed in a great variety of humid and dry forests and wooded lands., but also they are seen in cultivated areas, mangroves (for example, of Rhizophora mueronata on the islands of the bay of bengal) and coconut plantations, mainly in the lowlands up 900 meters above sea level; on Punjab province (Pakistan) extend areas of subtropical pines (Pinus roxburghii) and penetrates irrigated plantations in desert areas; ascend to the foothills of Himalaya in areas of trees (will Shorea) and riparian forests, rarely above the 1.600 m.
In the Bandhavgarh National Park, the Alexandrine Parakeet prefers forests more dense than the Plum-headed Parakeet (Psittacula cyanocephala) and Rose-ringed Parakeet (Psittacula krameri).
Usually they found in small groups, but sometimes they form large flocks where food is plentiful and communal roosts, where birds can come together in one big tree.
Reproduction:
The nest of the Alexandrine Parakeet They found in tree cavities (for example, of Dalbergia, Shorea or Salmalia), palms or, very rarely, buildings, but generally far from human settlements.
The nest It comprises a chamber filled with wood shavings produced by barbets or woodpeckers during excavation or extension of the cavity; entry generally clean round.
The breeding season usually from November to December and from March to April, depending on the location (for example, February to March in the Punjab and andaman islands and from December to February in the center Burma).
The average size clutch is of 2-4 eggs measuring 34,0 x 26,9 mm. The incubation period average is 28 days usually after the placement of the second egg. The chicks leave the nest at about seven weeks of age. They are bred for about three weeks and usually are weaned between the 12 to 16 weeks of age.
Food:
Diet Alexandrine Parakeet It includes a variety of cultivated and wild seeds, flowers, nectar, grains, fruits and vegetables.
Considered serious pest in some places: the 70% their diet Pakistan comes from cultivated areas.
It feeds mainly early in the morning and afternoon.
The situation in Afghanistan of the Alexandrine Parakeet is uncertain, possibly some group in the extreme northeast, about Jalalabad.
In Pakistan, isolated colonies Are and Peshawar, most widespread and frequent in the irrigated lowlands of Punjab; They are distributed from Punjab (India), foothills Himalaya and South of Nepal, throughout the India and Sri Lanka, as well as the east through Bangladesh.
In Bhutan and Assam in Burma Central and Southern (not found in northern), extending from northern Thailand, Central and North Cambodia and Laos and north to central and southern Viet Nam.
Seasonal movements in some areas and in other locally nomadic.
generally common, but much rarer in the east and sporadically distributed by South India.
Decreasing in Sri Lanka, where it is now rare, especially in the north.
Sharp declines in Thailand and probably in other parts of Indochina.
Its appearance around some urban areas could be due to leaks.
Introduced in parts of Europe (Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, Middle East (Turkey, Bahrein, United Arab Emirates, Iran) and Japan.
Subspecies distribution
Subspecies
Psittacula eupatria Avensis
(Kloss, 1917) – South of Assam (Northeast of India) and Myanmar, but the area of ​​contact with the subspecies Psittacula eupatria nipalensis and Psittacula eupatria siamensis, It is unknown.
(Hodgson, 1836) – Pakistan through Punjab (India) until Assam, Bangladesh, Nagaland and Manipur, including skirts Himalaya and Nepal, to the South , approximately I8° north; the contact area with the subspecies Psittacula eupatria Avensis, unknown.
Psittacula eupatria siamensis
(Kloss, 1917) – West and north of Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Viet Nam.
This species has been upgraded from Least concern based on new information on population trends. Is listed as Near-threatened, Since, although it remains common in some areas and its status is clouded by feral populations, It is suspected to be subjected to population decline moderately fast due to the continuing loss of habitat, to unsustainable levels of exploitation, the pursuit and capture.
The Alexandrine Parakeet It is widely captured and sold as bird cage.
In Cambodia, nests theft and capture adults, They represent the main threats, It is one of the most sought after birds (F. Goes in some. 2013).
Despite the virtual disappearance of the species Thailand, chicks still appear in the illegal trade in bird markets Bangkok, although, possibly, its origin is Cambodia (P. Ronda in a little. 2013).
The illegal trade, as well as the destruction of nesting places, threat to species Pakistan (S. Khan in a little. 2013). in addition, It reported that the species is threatened by extensive poaching at the hands of local tribes Gujarat (V. Vyas in some. 2013).
Habitat loss and degradation are also grave threats. In Cambodia, use changes in the lowlands it has been rapid (R. Timmins in some. 2013) and rates of degradation and loss of lowland forests is expected to impact more on the species (F. Goes in some. 2013). Conversion rates of habitat Laos They are described as severe (JW Duckworth in litt. 2013).
Conservation Actions Proposed:
– Conduct periodic surveys to monitor the population trend of the species.
– Conduct surveys and assess the situation in Pakistan (S. Khan in a little. 2013).
– Monitor rates of habitat loss and degradation through the distribution of the species.
– Quantify the impact of harvesting for trade.
– Enforcing trade restrictions.
– Carry out awareness raising activities to discourage the capture and trade.
– Increase the amount of suitable habitat that receives protection.
"Alexandrine Parakeet" in captivity:
The Alexandrine Parakeet is a popular bird among poultry. It is ideal for outdoor aviaries and cannot tolerate temperatures below 5°C.. They reproduce well in aviaries. This Psittacula It is one of the oldest species of captive parrots Eurasian continent. Named after the legendary Emperor Alexander the Great, he had numerous specimens exported by his legionnaires back to various Mediterranean countries. Since then, This parrot has been popular with the nobles of all the countries of Anatolia, European and Mediterranean Empire.
This is a kind active, He likes water and readily accepts different or new foods. It has a vigorous beak and therefore it is important to keep the perch free of toxicity and without chemicals such as disinfectants., fungicides, insecticides or pesticides. The Alexandrine Parakeet, like other parrots, They are among the best imitators.
With regard to its longevity, according to sources, one specimen was still alive after 30 years in captivity. In captivity, these parrots have been known that they can raise from the 4 years of age.
These birds Smart They make good pets for those willing to provide ongoing obedience training. If neglected, or appropriate training is given, the Alexandrine Parakeet it becomes prone to tear the feathers and other behavioral problems. The large and powerful beak of the parrot has a strong bite and therefore not recommended as a pet for children. a large cage is required to accommodate their beautiful, long narrow tail.
It is not a difficult species to breed, in fact usually successful.
Alternative names:
– Alexandrine Parakeet, Alexandrine Parrot, Andaman Parakeet, Large Indian Parakeet, Large Parakeet, Rose-breasted Parakeet (English).
– Perruche alexandre (French).
– Grosser Alexandersittich, Alexandersittich (German).
– Periquito-grande-alexandre (Portuguese).
– Cotorra Alejandrina, Cotorra de Alexander (español).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Photos:
(1) – Alexandrine Parakeet at Kowloon Park, Hong Kong By Charles Lam from Hong Kong, China (YummyUploaded by Snowmanradio) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Alexandrine Parakeet Alexandrine Parrot gold. A 17 year old pet parakeet at home in Mumbai By Rudolph.A.furtado (Own work) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Alexandrine Parakeet (also known as the Alexandrine Parrot) at Rainbow Jungle (The Australian Parrot Breeding Centre), Kalbarri, Western Australia By Sheila Bradford [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – An male Alexandrine Parakeet (also known as Alexandrian Parrot) in a tree By Sammy Sam [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Alexandrine Parakeet (Psittacula eupatria). A pair By derivative work: Snowmanradio (talk)Two_species_of_Psittacula_on_perch.jpg: Thomas Guignard [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Alexandrine Parakeet flapping her wings By Iamoarampage at English Wikipedia [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – Alexandrine Parakeet at Kowloon Park, Hong Kong By Charles Lam from Hong Kong, China (RestingUploaded by Snowmanradio) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(8) – Alexandrine Parakeet at Kowloon Park, Hong Kong By Charles Lam from Hong Kong, China (YummyUploaded by Snowmanradio) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(9) – Alexandrine Parakeet Psittacula eupatria Melghat Tiger Reserve Maharashtra By Dr. Raju Kasambe (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(10) – A painting of an Alexandrine Parakeet, also known at Alexandrian Parrot, (originally captioned «Palæornis hooded. Hooded Parakeet.») by Edward Lear 1812-1888 [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
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