The head of the Buru Racket-tail(Prioniturus mada) is bright green, marked in blue-gray dark in the crown and in the nape. The upperparts are green, marked in grisaceo-azul dark in the upper mantle; Uppertail green. Wings green with lesser coverts and bend of wing Dark greyish-blue. Wing feathers green; underside of flight feather. Bluish.
The underparts are yellowish-green, more yellow in undertail-coverts. Upper, the tail green, outer feathers tipped dark blue; light blue, the tail down.
Bill grey; irises dark brown; legs grey.
Female lacks the blue color in the crown, nape and the the mantle; the blue in the bend of wing is smaller; rackets of the tail shorter.
Young without rackets on tail; males with blue in the nape.
Found until the 1600 meters above sea level, in all types of forest habitat, including selective exploitation and secondary high growth areas; also found in cultivated areas remaining trees; most common around 600 m. You often see them in small groups of up to ten birds. Tends to substitute to the Red-checked Parrot at higher elevations.
Reproduction:
breeding season from December to February. Up to five young can be raised in a nest.
Food:
It feeds on fruits, flowers, berries and seeds.
Distribution:
endemic to the island of Buru, Indonesian. The inclusion of the species as Near-threatened is based on the assumption of a very restricted range above the 1.000 m, but newly published evidence shows that it is common throughout the island with an estimated world population between 189.000-48S.000 birds.
Conservation:
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern
• Population trend: Stable
The size of the world population It has not been quantified, It is estimated between 189,000 and 483,000 individuals.
The species is described as common and widespread (pit et to the. 1997).
The population is suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence of any reduction or substantial threats.
"Buru Racket-tail" in captivity:
Not found in captivity.
Alternative names:
– Buru Racket-tail, Buru Racket-tailed Parrot, Buru Racquet tail, Buru Racquet-tail, Buru Racquet-tail Parrot, Buru Racquet-tailed Parrot (ingles).
– Palette de Buru, Perroquet à raquette de Buru (French).
– Madapapagei (German).
– Prioniturus mada (Portuguese).
– Lorito Momoto de Buru, Lorito-momoto de Buru (español).
scientific classification:
– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittaculidae
– Genus: Prioniturus
– Scientific name: Prioniturus mada
– Citation: Hartert, E, 1900
– Protonimo: Prioniturus mada
Images "Lorito momoto de Buru":
Videos "Buru Racket-tail"
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«Lorito Momoto de Buru» (Prioniturus mada)
Sources:
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
The Maroon-fronted Parrot(Rhynchopsitta terrisi) It has a size slightly larger than the Thick-billed Parrot. Its bill is large, hooked and curved black. Of tail short in comparison to other members of the family, by high green and below Brown gray. Upright perching, legs short but strong and the fingers toes zigodactilos, i.e. two toes forward and two backwards. Is bright green, slightly more clear and yellowish on the cheekbones and ears. It has a patch brown in the forecrown, red spots on the shoulders and in the the thighs.
The color of the irises in adults is yellow amber, While in juveniles is coffee. The eye ring is yellow. below the wings they have red border. The rest of the inside of the wings darker Green is. The legs they are greyish.
Both sexes of similar shape and color. Immature with eyes browns and bill paler.
It lives in temperate with dry winter climates, to high altitudes ranging from the 1,900 to the 3,000 m, exceptionally a 1.300 meters and 3.700 m, in mountainous regions with pine forest (Pinus duranguensis, Pinus ayacahuite, and Pinus arizonica among others), forest of Pine-oak (Pinus spp.. and Quercus spp..), isolated forest fragments of pure FIR (Abies spp..), or mixed forests of oyamel, firs (Pseudotsuga spp..) and poplars (Populus tremuloides). Forests may be at the top of the mountains, open areas or be part of abrupt cliffs and crags land.
The Maroon-fronted Parrot is a Diurnal with activity social. To the nestsr meets in large flocks, at times of until 100 individuals and to build their nest, Unlike in the Thick-billed Parrot, don't use holes in treesbut cavities and cracks in the rock of the cliffs. With pairs once a year with a single partner throughout the reproductive season. Form flocks to find their food. These groups tend to fly at low altitude moving long distances in search of trees with fruits and seeds that can be eaten. It is also possible to find lonely couples looking for food. They sleep in community, flocking on inaccessible crags. Individuals within the flock to communicate by means of strong vocals similar to harsh squawks and squeaks, While they are looking for food or to warn of threats. In general, the species of this family are known to be noisy, especially when they are in groups.
You know when these birds are approximated by the noises that make, the group flies in a flock that forms an “open V”. The reproductive colony You can move up to 30 km to find food, If it is scarce. With enough food available near the nests, just move in 3 to 5 daily km.
Reproduction:
The breeding season It between July and November. To build the nest using cracks and voids in high limestone crags and they tend to use the same sites year after year to nest. The colony nests above the 1,300 and 1,700 m.
They put between 2 and 5 eggs (average is 2.7) between mid-June and late July. When is food scarce, drastically reduces the production of broilers. The female incubates eggs between 24 and 27 days which hatch between early September and late October. Since they are born until they fly chicks they remain in the nest for approximately two months, being fed and cared for by both parents. Of all the eggs laid and incubated in the colony only the 60% fledged young occur. The chicks are bred in sync with the maturation of pine seeds, It usually occurs in late summer and autumn.
Its beak is specially adapted to extract seeds from the cones (pine nuts) of Pine. When are pine seeds scarce, include in your diet oak acorns (Quercus spp..) and Guatemalan FIR seeds (Abies spp..). Their diet also includes capulin fruits (Prunus capuli) and flowers of Agave Nectar. In general the diet of both species, the Eastern Mountain Parrot and the Thick-billed Parrot es similar. The Maroon-fronted Parrot has the habit of eating dirt (geophagy) in clay banks.
Full range of approximately 300 km from North to South, with an average of 60 kilometers from West to East and breeding pairs, possibly, only in the North third.
Similar to the Thick-billed Parrot, ago seasonal movements (Although probably less extensive) in response to the availability of pine seeds, apparently being distributed to the South of their range only between October and April (old reports of the Thick-billed Parrot in Veracruz they may belong to this species).
Rare, very local and extinct in many areas. Now limited to restricted areas in the few pine forests that remain (probably around 7.000 km² of forests within the 18.000 km² of its range, they are suitable).
The decrease in its population is mainly due to the loss of habitat by logging, the Agriculture, the burning and the grazing, Although their habits of nesting on cliffs, It avoids the need of old or dead trees. Selective logging can reduce the diversity of pine trees and therefore the availability of food.
Conservation:
In 1981 they were estimated between 2,000 and 3,000 individuals of this species.
State of conservation ⓘ
Endangered ⓘ(UICN)ⓘ
• Red List category of the UICN current: In danger of extinction
• Population trend: Decreasing
In 1997 ranked in the The Taray sanctuary, in Coahuila de Zaragoza as the reproductive Center of the species for having been found there near 100 reproductive couples. A 16 km from there, in a place known as Condos the second largest colony was located with 60 couples.
Census continued and in 1999, the population was estimated at a minimum of 2,500 individuals.
One recent census based on the large flocks threw an account of approximately 3,500 individuals of Eastern Mountain Parrot.
The main threat facing the Maroon-fronted Parrot is the destruction and modification of their habitat, mainly due to actions such as agriculture, livestock, logging (to produce wood and paper) and forest fires.
Its current Habitat is very limited, as well as the area of its distribution as an endemic species that is.
The deforestation continues to diminish more and more forests mountain of the region, and unfortunately the recovery or regeneration of these forests is poor compared to pine forests in other parts of the country, which is probably due to the layer of soil of the region is thin and Rocky and scarce rain.
In 2006, a forest fire devastated about 2,000 It has pine forest in the Sierra, destroying trees that provided food to the Parrot and causing a decrease in the number of chickens raised in the era of nidation. Additionally, when the average size of the trees that make up a forest is reduced and also the area occupied by seed production decreases and the number of defective cones increases, Finally affecting to the Maroon-fronted Parrot that feeds on the seeds.
Exist protected natural areas on Sierra Madre Oriental that protect and preserve to the Maroon-fronted Parrot.
In the year 2000 the National Consultative Technical Subcommittee for the protection, Conservation and recovery of the Psitacidae, developed the Conservation project, Management and sustainable utilization of the Psitacidae in Mexico (PREP), in which we considered both mountain parrots as priorities for conservation.
The species of Thick-billed Parrot (R. pachyrhyncha) and Maroon-fronted Parrot (R. terrisi), they are considered from 2008 as priority species in the Species at risk conservation program (NATIONAL HERO) of the National Commission of Protected Natural Areas (CONANP). Due to their biological similarities and a common problem, both were included in a single PACE (Programmes of action for the conservation of species), after the Subcommittee on Psitacidae carried out the Workshop of species identification of priority Psitacidae to be included in a PACE, document that contains, among other aspects related to the biology of the species, the objectives, goals and strategies for the conservation of both Mountain parrots.
Conservation actions have also been made in the field of the environmental education.
at the end of 2008, in the framework of the Program for the conservation of species at risk (NATIONAL HERO), seven locations of the Cumbres de Monterrey National Park they conducted environmental education activities with the Maroon-fronted Parrot as a priority species.
Perhaps the most important conservation measure, the publication is the 14 in October of 2008, in the Official Journal of the Federation, the decree that reforms to the General wildlife law (Decree Art. 60 Bis 2) What prohibits the capture of parrots and macaws from Mexico. The law prohibits the extractive use subsistence or commercial, export, the import or re-export of these native species of the country. With this law is protected 22 bird species of the family Psittacidae in Mexico. The violation of the above provision, is in a federal crime that is punished with prison, through a penalty ranging from 1 to 9 years in prison and up to 12 years if the offence is committed within a protected natural area or is done for commercial purposes.
Source: Site on the network of knowledge on birds of Mexico
"Maroon-fronted Parrot" in captivity:
The mountainous region of Wood, Chihuahua, It has been inhabited since makes 1500 years by the ethnic groups that built the "cliff houses", those who originally were hunters and gatherers. The archaeological remains of Paquimé, to 350 km to the Northwest of the city of Chihuahua and half a kilometer from Large houses they indicate that the region had a dedicated trade to the production of feathers from macaws, shells, ceramic and copper among others, the being first settlers in capture and breed, both the Eastern Mountain Parrot as to the Thick-billed Parrot.
In the conquest increased interest in capturing individuals from the family of the parrots. Starting at the century XVI, they gained greater popularity among Mexicans, mainly as pets.
During the 20th century This intense trade, In addition to the illegal traffic, has resulted from 1970 and 1982, Mexico It was the largest exporter of live birds to the pet trade coming from the countries of the Neotropics, exporting on average 14,500 Mexican parrots, annually a United States.
During the period of 1981 to 1985United States imported a minimum of 703 thousand parrots; and still in 1987 Mexico was the largest source of smuggling of wild birds. In addition only between 1982 and 1983, 104,530 individuals the family were captured in Mexico for the internal domestic market.
Sale as pets is illegal.
Alternative names:
– Maroon-fronted Parrot, Maroon fronted Parrot (English).
– Conure à front brun, Perriche à front brun, Perruche à front brun (French).
– Maronenstirnsittich, Maronenstirn-Sittich (German).
– Papagaio-de-fronte-castanha (Portuguese).
– Cotorra Serrana Oriental, Cotorra-serrana Oriental (español).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– CONABIO. 2011. Priority species sheets. Maroon-fronted Parrot (Rhynchopsitta terrisi). National Commission of Protected Natural Areas and National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity, Mexico D.F.
The Ouvea Parakeet(Eunymphicus uvaeensis) is similar to the Horned Parakeet(Eunymphicus cornutus) but with the face and nape green, no yellow, and crest upturned six pens greenish black: the Red of the crown It is limited to the center forecrown.
The Ouvea Parakeet generally bright mid-green. Head green, lighter on ear-coverts with some light shaft-streaks; centre of forecrown red with six wispy blackish-green uperwing feathers forming a small crest; rear-crown darker green; ears and cheeks dark green lower.
The upperparts light green, paler on rump. Wing coverts green; outerweb of primaries greenish-blue with innerwebs black. Underwing-coverts green. Underparts light yellowish-green. Uppertail green with a slight blue suffusion distally and blue edges to lateral feathers; undertail gray.
Bill blue-gray at base, blackish toward tip; irises orange; legs grey.
Both sexes similar.
Taxonomic status:
This taxon is considered a subspecies of Eunymphicus [cornutus or uvaeensis] (sensu lato) by some authors
Sound Uvea Parakeet.
Note:
some species, as in the case of Ouvea Parakeet, They are subject to extreme stress due to traps or harassment. The open availability of high-quality recordings of these species may make the problems even worse.. For this reason, transmission and download of these recordings is off. Recorders are free to share in xeno-edge, but they will have to approve access to these recordings.
We do not take this action lightly, and we wish it wasn't necessary, but we are convinced that the negative impacts of offering easy access to these recordings outweigh the benefits. To access these recordings, You can contact directly with the recorder.
Habitat:
It is restricted to areas of old growth forest with holes for nesting, but the highest numbers occur near papaya plantation areas.
The Ouvea Parakeet They are active in early morning and late afternoon, and usually rest in the trees during the heat of the day.
Reproduction:
An average of 2.9 Eggs are laid in one or two broods per year, of which 1.7 chicks hatch, but only 0.75 chicks survive to 30 days (Robinet et al. 1995, Robinet et al. 1996, Robinet and Salas 1999).
Food:
It feeds in the forests and crops of cultivated land adjacent. The Ouvea Parakeet It depends mainly on mature native forests with pines kauri Agathis australis.
Fruits of Ficus spp., there Canaria, scrub and passion fruit. Also forage for seeds. The cultivated papaya (Carica papaya) It is a favorite.
The species is found in isolated patches of forest now restricted to the coast, mainly in the district St Joseph between Cape Rossel and Cape Steep. Single 15-25 km2 of suitable habitat was considered to remain on the island in 1993, with about 70-90 birds present, although a more thorough study has suggested a total population of 617 individuals. More recent studies is estimated at 1.780 mature individuals in total (Theuerkauf s suffering. 2016)
In the past, the reduction of individuals to extensive conversion of forests for agriculture due, hunting and trade. The delicate political situation in Uvea, while Kanak Liberation Front struggle for independence France, It has hampered the work of conservation of the species.
It is relying on a captive breeding program based on Forest Park, about Noumea, in New Caledonia. Transfers from island to island also be considered feasible.
Conservation:
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Vulnerable.
• Population trend: Growing.
• Population size : 600-1800 individuals.
Rationale for the Red List category
This species is classified as Vulnerable because it is in one very small island and can be threatened by invasive species, in particular the Black rat, that could bring the species to the category of Critically Endangered or Extinct in no time.
Justification of the population
The population is estimated at 1.780 mature individuals in total (Theuerkauf s suffering. 2016), rounded here to 1.800 mature individuals.
Justification trend
Barré et al (2010) reported that the population has increased in a 29% (of 10 birds / km2 34 birds / km2) between 1993 and 2009, which equates to an increase in population 34% in three generations.
Conservation Actions Underway
1 – Appendix I and II of CITES.
2 – The Association for the Protection of Perico Ouvea (ASPO) It was created in 1993 with members mostly local.
3 – ASPO initiated a long-term study of the biology and ecology of the species as the basis for two recovery plans. (1997-2002 and 2003-2008).
4 – Forest loss is being addressed through awareness programs and community trials to mitigate habitat degradation and improve the quality of forests, particularly in regard to nesting sites.
5 – Ten guides are used, whom, among other tasks, nests located.
6 – Illegal trade is being addressed successfully through increased awareness and enforcement.
7 – A captive breeding program has been discussed, but it hasn't started yet, and the species is found only in small quantities in captivity for a very limited reproductive success (Tap 1996).
8 – In 1998 translocation program began to repopulate southern Ouvea, and the number of birds in the south was 395 individuals in 2011 (Theuerkauf s suffering. 2016).
9 – Black rats were trapped on the island (Theuerkauf s suffering. 2016) and predator control is important.
10 – In 2003 a recovery plan was drawn updated, in which it recommended, among other things, the translocation program was canceled, since the population is considered viable and grow naturally; this Recovery Plan has been accepted by the local indigenous authorities (N. Barré a slightly. 2003, Anon 2004).
11 – Ouvea has been classified as IBA, but a management plan and a protection program involving the communities have not yet been established (Spaggiari et al. 2007).
12 – SCO obtained funding from the British Bird Watching Fair to build and test artificial nests PCV after the failure of trails wooden nest.
13 – ASPO personnel destroyed or removed 187 bee colonies between 2002 and 2008 (L. Verfaille a slightly. 2007, Barré et al. 2010).
14 – The continued presence of local guides is believed to effectively prevent nest poaching. (Barré et al. 2010).
Conservation Actions Proposed
1 – Continue population monitoring (Primotel 2000).
4 – Review and strengthen measures to control predators.
5 – Assess progress and update plans for translocations.
6 – Review and update all aspects of the Action Plan.
7 – Maintaining the momentum of awareness and participation of the community and the island (Robinet and Salas 1997).
8 – Establish a project IBAs in Ouvea and fund a protection program (N. Barré a slightly. 2003).
9 – Start a captive breeding program to support future reintroductions.
10 – Carry out surveillance screening BFDV to guide future efforts biosecurity and conservation, and better understand the risk posed by BFDV (Jackson et al. 2014).
"Ouvea Parakeet" in captivity:
The Ouvea Parakeet they are still captured using a rope inside a fruit Upload papaya, and because the island is a plain, exports through an easily accessible atoll are difficult to control. Birds bought from trappers by 50 dollars can be sold by traders up 1.000 Australian dollars.
There is a captive breeding program, but it hasn't started yet, and the species is found only in small quantities in captivity for a very limited reproductive success (Tap 1996).
40 to 50 cm.. length and a weight of up to 900 gr.
The plumage of the Salmon-crested cockatoo(Cacatua moluccensis) is predominantly white, except the tuft, that consists of red feathers that is usually when the bird is excited.
The interior of the wings is light salmon color. The the tail feathers they have a yellow-orange and pink color at the base.
The bill is strong, curved and black. The legs also are of color black. A skin bare of color white blue surrounds them eyessexual dimorphism It is in the color of your eyes. Males have dark eyes while females have them red.
The immature are like adults.
It shows preference for forests. It is from sea level up to the 1200 metres of elevation. In noisy roosts, during the breeding season, alone or in couples; at other times are found in groups of up to 16 birds. Species usually shy. You enable in the early morning and at dusk.
Reproduction:
The breeding season exact in the nature is unknown, but the activity of nesting It has observed in mayo, July and August, When the birds are usually seen alone or in pairs. The nests are built in large trees, taking advantage of holes in the trunks to 25 meters above the ground. The implementation size in captivity is from one to three, usually two, the eggs, they are incubated by both parents for 28 to 29 days.
Food:
With feeds fruit, grains, seeds, berries, vegetables and dried fruits. It has a peak strong, able to break the hard shells.
Probably also feed on insects and their larvae and from time to time in the coconut plantations, where Peck young fruits, to reach the water and the meat of the content.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 33.800 km2
Lives in the Plains to low height in the islands of the South of the Moluccas in Indonesian, Islands of Ceram, Saparua and Haruku.
It was introduced on the neighbouring island of Ambon.
Conservation:
State of conservation ⓘ
Vulnerable ⓘ(UICN)ⓘ
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Vulnerable.
• Population trend: Decreasing.
Is in the list of species at risk of CIPA (International Council for the protection of birds). It became part of the I in 1989 of the CITES and, in Europe, is covered by the program of protection of the species in extinction (EEP).
Their main threats they are the illegal trade (in great measure responsibility of Indonesian) and deforestation, that has led to a dramatic loss of habitat.
In 1982, exported a total of 6.413 birds, around the 15% of all local poultry exports, Since this species is still very desired as a companion bird.
Although the international trade reported fell to zero in the Decade of 1990, them hunters will have maintained very active and the birds are sold openly in Indonesian.
Just 62.400 Salmon-crested cockatoo in the world according to the FWS Federal Register.
In the news Loro Parque Foundation has a "field project" underway for its protection and survival in its country of origin, We hope that this great work to proceed and succeed.
"Salmon-crested cockatoo" in captivity:
In captivity is quite rare and face, but he has adapted well and plays smoothly in the spaces provided.
As a pet is simply exceptional for its docility. The only drawback is the noise it emits at times when its demands are not immediately met.
Despite their exceptional behavior, we should not consider the possession of this cockatoo as a cage bird of this wonderful bird. Trade can lead in a few years to extinction.
Alternative names:
– Salmon-crested Cockatoo, Moluccan Cockatoo, Rose cackatoo (ingles).
– Cacatoès à huppe rouge, Cacatoès des Moluques (francés).
– Molukkenkakadu (alemán).
– Cacatua-das-molucas (portugués).
– Cacatúa Copete Encarnado, Cacatúa Moluqueña, Cacatúa de las Molucas (español).
27 cm. long, 24 without snowshoes, and a weight between 140 and 160 g.
The head of the Blue-crowned Racquet-tail(Prioniturus discurus) bright green is strongly imbued with bright blue in the crown and brighter green in checks and lores.
Upperparts green. Wings green, darker in the vane inmates of the flight feather, with a narrow pale margin along the innermost edge; primary external greenish blue. Wing feathers green, underside of flight feather bluish green. The underparts yellowish-green illuminated. Upper, the lateral feathers of the tail green, Basal Blue with black tips; undertail, the tail strongly impregnated with blue; Blackish spatulas.
Bill whitish; irises dark brown; legs grey.
The female similar to the male but with the the tail rackets shorter.
Young with less blue in the crown and the absence of the rackets.
(Salomonsen, 1953) – Has less blue on the Crown and in the center of this is not clearly defined and merges gradually with the rest of the green of the head.
– Prioniturus discurus and Prioniturus mindorensis (Pit and necklace 2014) they were grouped previously as Prioniturus discurus
Rainforests, mangroves, plantations, crops in the lowlands and mountains to 1.750 meters above sea level. Seen flying above the canopy in small noisy groups of five to twelve birds outside of breeding season. Groups gather to feed in fruit trees, including banana.
Reproduction:
breeding season from April to may in Blacks, During may in Leyte and during April in Mindanao.
Food:
The diet includes fruits, berries, nuts and seeds.
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern
• Population trend: Stable
The size of the world population It has not been quantified, is estimated at less of 10.000 specimens. The species according to information, it is generally common even in degraded habitats on heavily deforested islands (pit et to the. 1997).
The population is suspected that it may be in decline due to the capture and loss of habitat.
Approximately from 36 cm.. of length and a weight of 150 g.
The Golden-plumed Parakeet(Leptosittaca branickii) has the crown, most of the forecrown, the cheeks, the sides of neck and ear-coverts grass-green; close frontal band on bottom of the forecrown orange, extending towards the upper lores; a feature yellowish stripe at the lower lores extending below the eyes to then join in a loop of yellow the part located behind the eyeball. Upperparts green. above the wings green. Underwing-coverts greenish yellow; underside of feathers opaque yellow flight.
The underparts green, slightly more yellow than the upper, with a large yellow and orange patch at the bottom of the chest.
Upper, the tail of color green with red off on them vane inner; below its long and acute tail opaque reddish.
The bill color horn; cere grey; bare orbital skin pale whitish-grey; Orange the irises; legs grey.
Both sexes similar. The immature not described.
NOTE: Some authors include the species within the genus Aratinga. But, the facial feathers they are distinctive and monotypic, so the gender Leptosittaca is justified for this species.
These birds are found in high altitude formations, between 2,400 and 3.400 m, Sometimes you can see them at altitudes lower, about 1.400 m. With distributed in temperate zones, stunted forests, cloud and tree growth limits. Sometimes they cross cleared areas to visit residual plots.
Its distribution is possibly linked to the trees Podocarpus, at least in the Azuay province and parts of Colombia, Although more studies are needed to confirm this.
The Golden-plumed Parakeet make altitudinal movements day towards the Moors, returning to the lower forests for sleep; in the Puracé national natural park This pattern is reversed, and birds perch on community in paramo areas (above 3.000 m), descending to feed during the day.
In general, in flocks (at least outside of breeding season) of up 20 birds (sometimes more).
Reproduction:
The Golden-plumed Parakeet nests on trunks of Palm wax (Ceroxylon quinduense) and encenillo (Weinmania sp.). Played during the first half of the year. Birds in breeding conditions during the month of February, Colombia, and birds mating in August, Ecuador.
The female lays 2-3 eggs they are incubated both during 28 to 32 days. Only the female incubates during the day., while at night, both dealt with the work. The chicks leave the nest 64-68 days after birth and are fed by both parents, While they are in the nest.
Seasonal and nomadic, unusual and very local, especially in Colombia, in where the drastic decrease of birds is due to the deforestation; in Ecuador It scarce, possibly more common in the southeast, but absent in apparently suitable habitats in the Eastern Andes. In Peru, where is deforestation less severe, It may be more widespread. Your local observation is unpredictable and may be linked to the fructification of your favorite plants.
• Red List category of the UICN current: Vulnerable
•Population trend: Decreasing
You suspect a rapid descent and ongoing in the population of the Aratinga of brushes based on the destruction, degradation and fragmentation of their habitat to large scale.
Currently its population It is estimated within a range between 1.500 and 7.000 mature individuals.
The habitat loss and fragmentation It has been significant throughout its range, with between the 90% and the 93% lost mountain forests in Colombia. In the Peru the loss of habitat is less (Salaman et to the. 1999b, PGW Salaman in litt., 1999).
Logging of the Quindio wax Palm for the services of the Palm Sunday It is a serious problem in some parts of Ecuador. (1999b Salaman et to the.).
The road construction is continuous through many areas of dwarf and humid forests in Peru, causing a severe loss of habitat in areas such as Málaga (H. Lloyd in litt., 2007).
In Colombia, are persecuted as corn pests and as pet birds (1999b Salaman et to the.).
Many protected areas they are affected by the burning and grazing Moor, settlements, cleared for agriculture, logging, Narcotics and the extraction of gold (Wege and Long 1995, Salaman et to the., 1999b).
Conservation Actions Underway:
Appendix II of CITES.
Is known of many protected areas (Wege and Long, 1995), including the national parks Los Nevados and Cave of the Guacharos in Colombia, and the Podocarpus national park in Ecuador (PGW Salaman in litt., 1999, Clements and Shany 2001).
The reserves, Ucumari Regional Natural Park, Puracé National Park (Colombia), Huashapamba native forest (Ecuador) and the Rio Abiseo National Park (Peru) they are apparently well protected (Wege and Long 1995).
In Ecuador, an organized campaign by Birds and conservation and Fundación Jocotoco with the support of the Government is aimed at reducing the unsustainable exploitation of the Quindio wax Palm. The Fundación Jocotoco you have installed nest boxes your reservations, that they are being used (even in preference to the natural cavities) for this and other species of parrot (D. Waugh in litt., 2010).
Conservation Actions Proposed:
Assess their condition from Peru (Flanagan et to the., 2000).
Establish the degree of dependence of the Quindio wax Palm in different regions (Sornoza Molina and Lopez-Lanús 1999).
Develop a network of mountain protected forest. Protect the Nevado del Ruiz – Nevado del Tolima and Cordillera de Chilla in the The Manu National Park (Jacobs and Walker 1999, PGW Salman in litt., 1999, López-Lanús et al., In press).
"Golden-plumed Parakeet" in captivity:
Very rare in captivity, Some examples in Colombia.
Alternative names:
– Golden-plumed Parakeet, Branicki’s Conure, Golden Plumed Conure, Golden plumed Parakeet, Golden-plumed Conure, Golden-plumed Parrot (English).
– Conure à pinceaux d’or, Perriche à pinceaux d’or, Perruche à pinceaux d’or (French).
– Pinselsittich, Pinsel-Sittich (German).
– Papagaio-de-bochechas-douradas (Portuguese).
– Aratinga de Pinceles, Cotorra Moteada, Perico Paramuno, Catanica de páramo (español).
– Loro paramuno, Perico Paramuno (Colombia).
– Perico de Mejilla Dorada (Peru).
– Perico cachetidorado, Cotorra moteada o Loro de mejillas doradas (Ecuador).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Parrot Book, Parrots and macaws
The upperparts of the New Caledonian Parakeet(Cyanoramphus saisseti) they are mostly green, with some bluish green in the tail, violet-blue along the outerweb flight feathers, and red patches on each side of the rump. The underparts are yellowish green, yellower near throat, and gray below tail(Forshaw 1989, Juniper & Parr 1998, Doughty et al. 1999).
A red patch extends from the crown up to the forecrown, and it extends in a narrow band from the forecrown up to the ears(Juniper & Parr 1998).
The bill is leaden gray, with black tips, the irises is red-orange and legs are dark gray. (Layard & Layard 1882b, Juniper & Parr 1998).
The males typically exceed the females in size, although its plumage is similar (Verreaux & walls 1860, Layard & Layard 1882b, Salvadori 1891, Forshaw 1989)
taxonomy:
In the past it was considered to New Caledonian Parakeet conspecific of Red-crowned parakeet(Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae) of New Zealand, but genetic studies have shown that it is a separate species and occupying a basal position on gender Cyanoramphus, which indicates that the genus would have its origin in New Caledonia.
Sound of the New Caledonian Parakeet.
Habitat:
The New Caledonian Parakeet They were primarily fed at low altitudes canopy, and regularly they observed on the edge of the forest, on slopes or in the forest maquis (scrub).
Seem to have small populations and their distributions are expected to shrink as a result of climate change.
They are not particularly shy, although they tend to be rather calm and difficult to observe.
Reproduction:
It has been reported that the nesting It occurs between November and January, and nidadas They consist of two to five eggs, that they are placed in holes in trees (Hannecart & Létocart 1980, Theuerkauf et al. 2009b).
Genetic evidence suggests that the species is polyandrous, and the presence of male food assistants suggests that probably involves mating system poliandria cooperative (Theuerkauf et al., 1999).
Food:
It is usually fed in average heights, low canopy, but it has also been observed that feeds on the floor.
Essentially it is granivore. It feeds mainly on seeds and fruits, besides berries, nuts and other plant parts (outbreaks, flowers and leaves).
Distribution:
The New Caledonian Parakeet It is endemic to the main island of New Caledonia, although there are still uncertainties about the extent of its range and population size (Taylor 1985, Juniper & Parr 1998). The species was considered rare at the time of its introduction (Verreaux & walls 1860). But, in the decade of 1880, Flocks of birds were reported in the West, flying into the valleys Moindou from nearby mountain forests, where it is rumored to have slept in large quantities (Layard & Layard 1882b).
It has the lowest population density of parrots New Caledonia.
Conservation:
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Vulnerable.
• Population trend: Decreasing.
• Population size : 2500-10,000 individuals.
The New Caledonian Parakeet They face a variety of threats, and their populations seem to be in decline. But, it is difficult to determine the cause or extent of their declines due to the paucity of ecological data.
classified as Vulnerable because it has a single small population suspected to be declining due to predation by invasive species; his fortress is in an area threatened by nickel mining and may be in rapid decline in the near future.
The humid mountain forest is not threatened, but it is possible that this species in need of other habitats, some of which, particularly semi-deciduous forests lowland, They have almost disappeared from the island. It is possible that introduced diseases (such as avian malaria) or the mammals (especially rats) It has been a cause of decline.
There is no evidence that nest poaching is widespread.
"New Caledonian Parakeet" in captivity:
unregistered.
Alternative names:
– New Caledonian Parakeet, New Caledonian Parrot, New Caledonian Red-crowned Parakeet, Red-crowned Parakeet (inglés).
– Perruche à front rouge, Perruche calédonienne, Perruche de Nouvelle-Calédonie (francés).
– Cyanoramphus saisseti (alemán).
– Periquito-da-nova-caledônia (portugués).
– Perico de Nueva Caledonia (español).
• Avibase
• Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
• Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
• Birdlife
Photos:
(1) – Cyanoramphus saisseti, blue river park, New Caledonia by Mickaël T. [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Cyanoramphus saisseti Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1882 (Web) by Joseph Smit [Public domain]
35 to 41 cm.. length. The weight of 500 to 600 g..
The Long-billed corella(Cacatua tenuirostris) has white plumage. The undertail coverts and the parts below from the wings they are bathed in pale yellow, very visible in flight. It has red coloration in the throat and the chest, with a Red Crescent ranked in the upper breast.
The Head shows a small crest white, Red front and a wide, nude and fleshy eye ring blue-grey around the eyes dark browns. The bill is white with blue base. upper jaw is long and hooked. The legs and feet are dark gray.
The female is similar to the male, with the upper jaw more short and less red.
There are two similar species:
– Cacatua sanguinea. Lack of forecrown Red and the red color in the neck. The upper jaw is shorter.
– Cacatua galerita. Similar in flight, has crest yellow and lacks of colour red. The bill is black.
Common in forests and remnant trees on farmland. It nests in Eucalyptus camaldulensis in the flooded Plains or close to streams. Wild populations living on farms and parks in urban areas.
Behavior:
It´s resident in their area of distribution, some local movements. Outside of breeding season, You can see in large flocks of up to 2.000 birds or more. Son noisy and visible, pronouncing discordant calls.
Pose in large eucalyptus near water. They leave the roost in the morning to drink, and then, go to the feeding areas. Again when the darkness comes to sleep, but not before excited participate in games and stunts .
They move on the floor with stunning movement jump. They do not have the other species waddling gait cockatoo. It causes damage to crops of cereals and tree fruit, considered as one pest for farmers.
Nest colonies. They can create their nests with other species of Corella, and sometimes they hybridize. Populations feral in Sydney and Perth, from the release of unwanted birds, they may hybridize with endangered species such as the Cacatua pastinator
Reproduction:
Held from July to November. Forman couples monogamous. The male and female prepared the nest in the Hollows of large old eucalypts. If you do not find a suitable tree, You can make a burrow in soft soil Bank. They fill the nest of wood chips and often reuse it for several years.
They nest in large colonies, with several nests in the same tree.
The female lays 2-4 eggs White. The incubation lasts a few 24 days, shared by both parents. The young leave the nest 55 days after hatching, being fed by the parents for three weeks more.
Food:
Feeds mainly on what obtained from soil, seeds, estate and bulbs that unearths with its upper jaw. They feed in the coolest hours of the day. Also consumes insects.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 382.000 km2
Is located in the southeast of Australia. Introduced in urban centers of Australia and Tasmania.
Conservation:
State of conservation ⓘ
Minor Concern ⓘ(UICN)ⓘ
• Current IUCN Red List category: Least concern.
• Population trend growing
Populations may be declining due to loss of breeding grounds in its original distribution area.
But, the Long-billed corella It common in its range.
Is created that in the world there are more than 250 thousand individuals.
"Long-billed corella" in captivity:
It is very popular as a pet for the most part of Australia, and has been classified as the best «talkative" of the australian cockatoos for its ability to mimic words almost to perfection.
Has a personality playful and active.
Out of its area of distribution is rare in poultry farming.
