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Yellow-crowned Parrot
Amazona ochrocephala

Origin: Panama, Brazil, Bolivia, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, Peru
Character: active and smart
Life expectancy: 50 to 60 years.
Height: 35 to 41 cm..

Yellow-crowned Parrot

Content

Description

35 to 41 cm.. height and between 380 and 500 g. of weight.

The Yellow-crowned Parrot (Amazona ochrocephala) has the forecrown and front area crown, bright yellow; lores, cheeks and supercilii area, green in most birds, but sometimes with yellow extending over lores and around eyes, and some birds with red bases hidden by yellow feathers crown; sides and back of the neck, nape and the mantle, green with dark margins, giving scalloped effect.


Anatomy-parrots

Upperparts green. coverts lower red, other coverts green; edge front of the wing yellowish; five o'clock outer secondaries They are green with bright red to outerweb forming speculum; flight feather green with blue tips to secondaries and primary outerweb, dark to black in points. Underwing-coverts, dull green with blackish tips. Underparts green with plenty of blue in the chest; yellow feathers on the the thighs (often few and discrete).

Yellow-crowned Parrot

Upper, the tail It is green with yellow stripes; below green with wide yellow ends; both with outer feathers basically red and a bluish puckered in outerweb.

Dark gray Bill, reddish at base of upper jaw; iris orange; legs grey.

Both sexes they are similar. The immature It has a narrower yellow patch on the head, stripes orange-red to yellow feathers crown; less red at the base of feathers tail; feathers of the tail more pointed and irises brown.

Description 4 subspecies

  • Amazona ochrocephala nattereri

    (Finsch, 1865) – Less yellow in the head that the nominal species, with frontal band green. Cheeks, supercilii area and lores with blue tint. Red curve wing often mixed with yellow feathers.

  • Amazona ochrocephala ochrocephala

    (Gmelin, 1788) – Nominal.

  • Amazona ochrocephala panamensis

    (Cabanis, 1874) – Bill horn-colored pink, yellow feathers restricted as V in forecrown and front of the crown. Possibly average smaller than the nominal species.

  • Amazona ochrocephala xantholaema

    (Berlepsch, 1913) – More extensive yellow in the head which extends to the back of the neck, around the eyes, to cheeks and to the ear-coverts. Often with frontal band narrow green. bluish tint in the chest.

Habitat:

Video – "Yellow-crowned Parrot"

They Real (Amazonas Ochrocephala)
Watch this video on YouTube.

They inhabit in open forests, moist forest edges, gallery forests, deciduous forest, open savannas and wetlands in lowland rain forests, also cultivated and suburban areas in some localities, and often near rivers.

The gallery forest It is your preferred Panama where Yellow-crowned Parrot avoid continuous humid forest, being replaced, possibly, there and in many areas of South America, by the Orange-winged Parrot (Amazona amazonica).

Usually observed in the lowlands; reported to 500 metres in Colombia and Venezuela and a 750 metres in Honduras. Usually in pairs or small flocks of 10-30 birds, with occasional gatherings up 300. Birds gather in common trees.

Reproduction:

Son Monogamie, couples joined in for life.

His time of reproduction It is from December to May. During this time, they lay clutches of 2 to 4 eggs, only Por those Nidada Tempordaa. Nest palm trunks and termite mounds.

It takes about 25 days for the eggs to hatch and near 56 days to become fledglings. The young become independent 2 months after hatching. Both male and female Yellow crowned Parrot reach sexual maturity around the 3 years.

Food:

Foods reported in the diet include fruit Immature American Curatella, Pereskia guamacho and other Cactus. Mainly feeds on treetop.
It is considered a plague in some localities for their love of eating bananas (Mussa paradisea), handles and Corn crops.

This species is considered a pest in some areas by his fondness for the consumption of bananas (Mussa paradisea), mangoes and corn crops.

Distribution:

Size of its range (reproduction / resident): 8.010.000 km2

The Yellow-crowned Parrot are in Panama, in Central America and in South America, from south to east Brazil and to the North of Bolivia.

They are present in Panama, mainly on the slope of the peaceful, from Chiriqui, to the West of Darien, but also in the shed Caribbean (for example, in the eastern San Blas Islands); also along the Pearl Islands and Coiba National Park.

They are also distributed in northern Colombia, from the North of the Chocó and lower basin of Atrato River, as well as along the Caribbean coast and tropical zone of the Magdalena River Valley, to the base southeast Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and western part of the Serrania del Perija.

Observed in the eastern foothills of the Andes and adjacent lowlands Colombia; eastward across the tropical zone Venezuela and south, from the coastal mountains through Bolívar (where apparently it is not known from south) and amazon, until Guyanas and Trinidad (where their status is uncertain due to the captive birds introduced).

Present in the basin Amazonas Brazil, to the south, to the Northwest of Mato Grosso and west, in the lowlands of eastern Ecuador and through the Peruvian Amazon, to the North of Bolivia.

Apparently residents throughout its distribution area. very small numbers in Panama, although locally fairly common, especially in those areas more dry; it is the most common parrot (at least once) in the San Blas Islands. generally common (even locally abundant) in South America, but the numbers are reduced in the more accessible areas due to trade.

Distribution 4 subspecies

  • Amazona ochrocephala nattereri

    (Finsch, 1865) – South of Colombia in Caqueta, is of Ecuador, is of Peru, West of Brazil and North of Bolivia. Possibly integrated with nominal species in border areas Goal and Caquetá in Colombia.

  • Amazona ochrocephala ochrocephala

    (Gmelin, 1788) – Nominal. It is from Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Guianas and North of Brazil south to the tributaries of the lower margin right amazon in amazon and For.

  • Amazona ochrocephala panamensis

    (Cabanis, 1874) – North of Colombia, north and west of the Andes to western Panama, including Pearl Islands and Coiba National Park.

  • Amazona ochrocephala xantholaema

    (Berlepsch, 1913) – Isla Marajó at the mouth of amazon.

Conservation:

State of conservation ⓘ

minor concern Minor Concern ⓘ (UICN)ⓘ

• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.

• Population trend: Decreasing.

This species is considered at present as minor concern BirdLife International, and, as a result, also by UICN.
Even though the populations it is believed that are in decline, still do not approach the threshold specified by BirdLife International to evaluate the species as Near-threatened.

It is listed in the Appendix II of the CITES.

The Yellow-crowned Parrot in captivity:

Known for his pranks and excellent skills imitate the human voice. Having said that, the ability to mimic will vary between birds and although many of them are excellent conversadoras, Some will never come to talk. These Amazons are generally affectionate. Its friendly and playful nature make them excellent pets.

Son easily domesticable and easy to train. Known to be very active, What makes them more suited to an environment that enables them to fly.

Son known for their voices. It is said that it is the strongest of all Amazon parrots. People who are not tolerant to noise, they will do well to live with this Parrot.

like most parrots, this horsewoman it can be very destructive. We must "personalize their environment" by providing them with objects to chew such as different toys and branches.

Its longevity should also be a consideration. These parrots They can live between 60 and 80 years.

Alternative names:

– Yellow crowned Parrot, Yellow-crowned Amazon, Yellow-headed Amazon, Yellow-headed Parrot (English).
– Amazone à front jaune, Amazone à tête jaune, Amazone verte de Colombie (French).
– Gelbscheitalamazone, Gelbscheitelamazone, Panama Amazone, Surinamamazone (German).
– papagaio-campeiro, ajurú-apara, papagaio-de-Suriname (Portuguese).
– Amazona Real, Cotorra Cabeciamarilla, Lora Cabeciamarilla, Lora coroniamarilla, Lora Real (español).


scientific classification:

Gmelin Johann Friedrich
Gmelin Johann Friedrich

– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittacidae
– Genus: Amazona
– Scientific name: Amazona ochrocephala
– Citation: (Gmelin, JF, 1788)
– Protonimo: Psittacus ochrocephalus


Images Yellow-crowned Parrot:

Amazona-Real-(9)
Amazona-Real-(8)
Amazona-Real-(7)
Amazona-Real-(6)
Amazona-Real-(5)
Amazona-Real-(4)
Amazona-Real-(3)
Amazona-Real-(2)

Parrots in the world

Species of the genus Amazona


Sources:

avibase
Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
Birdlife
Parrot Book, Parrots and macaws Neotropical

Photos:

(1) – A pet Yellow-crowned Amazon in Puerto Maldonado, Peru By Kate from UK (Lola) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – A pet Yellow-crowned Amazon By Freegiampi (From Giuseppe's farm) [CC BY-SA 2.5], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Yellow-crowned Amazon or Yellow-crowned Parrot (Amazona ochrocephala) in captivity By Stephen Joyce from barcelona, Spain (Parrot) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Yellow-crowned Amazon or Yellow-crowned Parrot (Amazona ochrocephala) in captivity in the Parrot’s Garden (Jardim dos Louros), in the Botanical Garden of Funchal, Madeira island, Portugal By jmaximo [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – A Yellow-crowned Amazon in Gatorland, Florida, USA By greyloch from Washington, DC, area, U.S.A. (green parrot preening) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Amazona ochrocephala panamensis, Panama Amazon (also known as the Panama Yellow-headed Amazon); two in captivity By TJ Lin (originally posted to Flickr as DSCN1005) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – A Yellow-headed Amazon (or Parrot) near the Brazil-Peru-Colombia triple junction By Dick Culbert from Gibsons, B.C., Canada (Amazona ochrocephala) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(8) – A Yellow-crowned Amazon at Bloedel Floral Conservatory, Vancouver, Canada By Karen Neoh (Parrot) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(9) – Yellow-crowned Amazon or Yellow-crowned Parrot (Amazona ochrocephala) in a tree in Venezuela By Rufino (originally posted to Flickr as camouflage) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(10) – Amazona ochrocephala From Natural History of Parrots (by Francois Levaillant, 1801-1805) – Wikimedia

Sounds: Edson Guilherme

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Yellow-collared Macaw
Primolius auricollis

Origin: Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil, Argentina
Character: Curious and pleasant.
Life expectancy: 40 to 50 years.
Height: Of 37 to 45 cm..


Guacamayo Acollarado

Content

Description:

Ilustración Guacamayo Acollarado

Of 37 to 45 cm. length and a weight between 240 and 250 g..

The Yellow-collared Macaw (Primolius auricollis) already it was described by American ornithologist John Cassin in 1853.

Similar to the Blue-headed Macaw, differs by a characteristic Yellow collar dorado, most notable in the area of the nape. This thin yellow line of feathers surrounding the back of the neck, It is that gives this species its name.

Previously it was considered within the genre «ARA» for having a face bare of feathers and was also known scientifically as «propyrrhura Macaw»

It is a small Macaw; has the forecrown, the feathered portion of the cheeks and the front of the crown dull blackish-brown color, becoming a blue-green shade at the rear of the crown and both sides of the neck. The neck is covered with a large golden yellow necklace. All upperparts are green with blue markings in some feathers.

The small and medium-sized coverts are green. The alula and primary coverts they are completely blue. The primaries are blue, the secondaries are green with a strong blue tint in the vane outer. The underwing-coverts are, in its entirety, olive yellow, with the exception of the lower part of the flight feather It is yellowish.

The underparts are green. Upper, the central tail feathers are reddish brown at the base, in the middle of green and blue at the tip. The outer tail feathers they are mostly blue. The bottom of the tail is opaque yellow.

The bill is blackish with a tone slate finish. The bare skin about lores and cheeks It is white with a straw tone clear. The irises are orange, legs pink meat.

Both sexes similar.

The youth they resemble their parents. But, they have a bill grey with a white Peak; irises grayscale and the legs pale grey. The immature you have the collar area of the nape reddish.

Habitat:

The Yellow-collared Macaw they attend a wide variety of habitats from forests. They are found in the humid tropical forests that cover the foothills of the Andes, but also in dry areas of deciduous and grasslands with scattered trees. They are also present in the tree edges and savannas.

Unlike most parrot species, the Yellow-collared Macaw support very well the profound changes occurring in their habitat.

They are relatively common in the waste groves situated in the middle of farmland and around major urban centres.

Mainly noted below 600 m, to 1.700 metres above sea level in the Northwest of Argentina.

Usually they live in pairs or in small groups, even outside the breeding season. Larger meetings may have place when food is abundant or when gather in the dormitories at night. Within these large herds, the matched pairs are less visible than other species of macaws.

They feed on trees and shrubs, Although they occasionally do on land

Reproduction:

The season of nesting is in December in Argentina. The nest It tends to be located in the cavity of a tree, sometimes up to 20 meters above the ground. The spawning usually included in 2 to 4 eggs.

In captivity, the incubation lasts a few 23 days. The reproductive cycle is particularly long, since the young leave the nest at 7 weeks, after the hatching.

Food:

The Yellow-collared Macaw they have a vegetarian regimen that includes fruits Byrsonima, flowers Erythrina, Ficus, corn and seeds Tomentosa Guazuma, Spondias lutea, Adelia mesembinifolia, Astronium Badi and A. urundeuva.

Distribution:

Size of its range (breeding/resident ): 1.950.000 km2

Endemic to the center of South America. The distribution of the Yellow-collared Macaw includes the Northwest of Argentina, in the East of Jujuy and North of Salta (reports of Missions and Formosa they are not correct) going northward through the East and North of Bolivia, in the departments of Santa Cruz, Beni and Tarija, is also distributed by the North of Paraguay, mainly to the West of the Paraguay River, but largely absent in the drier areas of the Chaco.

Extend across the southwest of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso from the South, in Brazil, where its northern and eastern limits are unclear; They are also distributed (possibly different) in West Goiás, Northeast of Mato Grosso and Southeast end of For, where there are reports of birds in and around the The Bananal island.

Mostly residents, Although apparently, seasonal movements in some areas.

In general is a common macaw and he persists in areas where significant habitat modification has taken place. Scarcer at the edge of its range in Paraguay.

They have been the subject of international trade, but its population does not seem to be affected by the capture.

Conservation:

State of conservation ⓘ

minor concern Minor Concern ⓘ (UICN)ⓘ

• Red List category of the UICN current: Least concern
• Population trend: Growing

The species is not threatened at the global level. Global population size has not been quantified, but this species is described as «quite common»

At the beginning of the Decade of 1980, in Bolivia, the capture of birds for aviaries reached the alarming figure of over of 3.200 birds per year. Fortunately, the traffic is prohibited from 1984.

It is considered rather low, the population of this species in Paraguay and North of Argentina, But in recent years the trend has reversed., and the species has colonized new areas.

"Yellow-collared Macaw" in captivity:

Quite common, above all in the EE.UU, less frequent in other parts.

Charming, clever, and comedian, These small macaws offer all the personality of a great green Macaw in a smaller size, being more affordable and easier to take care of. It is an extremely Intelligent and easy to train.

Many Yellow-collared Macaw are gifted talkers, and they are able to say several words and phrases. Some owners have pointed out that this little Macaw is able to speak more clearly than other larger species. Even so, our Macaw should not be purchased only by his ability to speak; that ability is never a guarantee.

Reproduce well in captivity. The breeding season It is usually in the spring and early summer, Although some couples are played almost throughout the year. The implementation size It is usually of two to four eggs, but sometimes more. The incubation period is of 23 to 27 days. Some additional high fat seeds, as the Sunflower seed, should be added to the diet during the breeding season to stimulate reproduction.

Marriage bonds are strong, but not necessarily for life.

Alternative names:

– Yellow-collared Macaw, Cassin’s Macaw, Golden-collared Macaw, Golden-naped Macaw, Yellow collared Macaw, Yellow-naped Macaw (English).
– Ara à collier jaune, Ara à nuque d’or (French).
– Halsbandara (German).
– ararinha, Maracanã-de-colar (Portuguese).
– G. Acollarado, Guacamayo Acollarado, Maracaná cuello dorado, Maracaná de Cuello Dorado (español).
– Parabachi de cuello amarillo, Maracaná de cuello dorado (Bolivia).
– Marakana (Guarani).
– Maracaná cuello dorado (Paraguay).


scientific classification:

John Cassin
John Cassin

– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittacidae
– Genus: Primolius
– Scientific name: Primolius auricollis
– Citation: (Cassin, 1853)
– Protonimo: Ara auricollis


Images Yellow-collared Macaw:

Guacamayo-Acollarado-(5)
Guacamayo-Acollarado-(4)
Guacamayo-Acollarado-(3)
Guacamayo-Acollarado-(2)

Videos "Yellow-collared Macaw"

Yellow-collared Macaw (Primolius auricollis)


Parrots in the world

Species of the genus Primolius


Sources:

– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife

– Photos:

(1) – A Golden-collared Macaw at Kakegawa Kacho-en, Kakegawa, Shizuoka, Japan By Takashi Hososhima from Tokyo, Japan (A bird of dexterityUploaded by snowmanradio) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Two Golden-collared Macaws (also known as Yellow-collared Macaws) at the Pana’ewa Rainforest Zoo, Hawaii, USA By Pat McGrath from Lihue, U.S.A. [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Golden-collared Macaw (also known as the Yellow-collared Macaw). A pet parrot By rebeccakoconnor [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Golden-collared Macaw (also called Yellow-collared Macaw) parents with a juvenile By Benutzer:Robert01 on German wiki (Bild:Goldnackenaras on German wiki.) [CC BY-SA 3.0 of], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Golden-collared Macaw (also known as the Yellow-collared Macaw); two captive By TJ Lin [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Ara primoli = Primolius auricollis (copy of Gray's Heritage Library (France) by Francis de Laporte de Castelnau [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

– Sounds: (Xeno-canto)

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Yellow-headed Parrot
Amazona oratrix

Origin: Mexico, Belice, Guatemala, Honduras
Character: Social.
Life expectancy: 50 to 60 years.
Height: 35-38 cm..

Yellow-headed Parrot

Content


Anatomy-parrots

Description:

35-38 cm. in length weighing up 500 g..

Yellow-headed Parrot

The Yellow-headed Parrot (Amazona oratrix) has head and nape bright yellow; sides neck sometimes with scattered green feathers.

Upperparts green grass with ends of darker green in some feathers; uppertail-coverts paler. Wing coverts green, sometimes with paler yellow margins on some feathers; edge front of the wing and carpal area with red marks and / or yellow variables. Primaries and secondaries green at the base (more emerald than coverts), blue at the tips; five base outer secondaries bright red, forming a speculum. Under wings green. The chin is bright yellow, the throat variable green and dark blue suffusion margins in the feathers of some birds; chest and belly green with yellowish suffusion in some birds, bluish suffusion in other; the thighs with yellow feathers in some birds. Tail green with red tips yellow and green at the base of the innerwebs of the lateral feathers. Bill gray horn; bare periophthalmic whitish; irises orange; legs grey.

Both sexes are similar.

Immature It is very green part with little or no yellow in the head without red and yellow in the wings.

  • Sound of the Yellow-headed Parrot.

Geographic Variation:

All birds puerto Barios at the East end of Guatemala show yellow concentrate lores and crown. While it described as near the subspecies belizensis, the birds of puerto Barios at the northwest end of Honduras They may represent another subspecies of oratrix (not yet formally described) provisionally named guatemalensis (see belizensis below). The hondurensis, described below, It was widely regarded as a subspecies of undescribed Yellow-crowned Parrot (Amazona ochrocephala), but now treated at the southern end as a cline (gradual change of phenotypic traits of the same species due to environmental influences and conditions) Yellow decreasing in head Group of birds yellowhead.

Description 3 subspecies:

  • Amazona oratrix belizensis

    Monroe,BL Jr & Howell,TR, 1966) – Less yellow in the head that the nominal species, without yellow on the throat. Cheeks green, bare periophthalmic grayish-white and probably on average smaller. Fowl Guatemala, to the Northwest of Honduras, sometimes show yellow in head as a patch wide in front of the crown and around eyes, and perhaps they represent a species not yet described (known as guatemalensis); although some birds also show yellow feathers on nape (see geographic variation in Yellow-naped Parrot (Amazona auropalliata).


  • Amazona oratrix hondurensis

    (Lousada & Howell,SNG, 1997) – Yellow on head limited to forecrown and in front of the crown, some birds show patch yellow in nape. One bill paler and more extensive yellow on the nape and the head subspecies caribea of the Yellow-naped Parrot. The patch Yellow crown It is also rounded or triangular, against a narrowband subspecies caribea. The subspecies panamensis of the Yellow-crowned Parrot has a bill darker and lacks the patch yellow in nape.


  • Amazona oratrix oratrix

    (Ridgway, 1887) – Nominal.

Habitat:

The Yellow-headed Parrot frequent savannas, Bosques Tropicales deciduous (including clear), dense forests of thorns, marshy forests peaceful, flood forest evergreen, dense gallery forest, forests Pinus caribea (Belice) and cultivated land with trees, mainly in lowlands below 500 m.

Mainly observed in pairs or in large groups in communal roosts and feeding areas favorites. They snuggle into pine-covered ridges in Belice, moving to nearby humid forests to feed. Apparently, only flocks form in Tamaulipas.

Reproduction:

The Yellow-headed Parrot put their nests in cavities of trees 6-15 meters and in the holes of the palmeras Roystonea. Along the Pacific coast of Michoacán in Mexico, the Yellow-headed Parrot nests in trees Astronium graveolens, Brosimum allicastrum and at least five other species of trees (T. Monterrubio-Rico et al., In 2007)

In Belice, preferred pines nest. Breeding season in the months of February to May in the south, to June in the north (for example in Tamaulipas). Clutch, usually 2-3 eggs, they are incubated between 27 and 28 days. The young leave the nest at eight weeks.. On average, only 1.2 hatchlings reach adulthood in each clutch.

Food:

Food in diet of the Yellow-headed Parrot include outbreaks, leaves news, fruits of Palma, seeds of Acacia, fruits of Macuna, Ficus, Zuelania guidonia, Bumelia laetivirens, Solanum and Pithecellobium flexicaule.

They can cause damage to crops, including corn, mango and green bananas.

Distribution and status:

Size of its range (breeding/resident ): 1.020.000 km2

The Yellow-headed Parrot It is confined to Central America in Mexico, Belice, the east end Guatemala and the Northwest corner of Honduras. They are distributed by the slope of peaceful of Mexico in Colima, Michoacán, Warrior, Oaxaca (two disjunct populations on the slopes of peaceful and of the Gulf on Isthmus region) and Chiapas. also observed in the shed Gulf from the central and southern Tamaulipas, to the East of San Luis Potosi, Puebla, Veracruz, Tabasco and Campeche, as well as in Belice and around puerto Barios at the East end of Guatemala to the northwest corner of Honduras in the Sula Valley.

Distribution in the east of its range poorly documented, with dubious appearances Campeche and in the region of Petén in the North of Guatemala, confirmed only 1993.

Reports Yellow-headed Parrot outside the normal range Mexico (for example, City of Mexico) probably involving leaks. Wild populations Miami (Florida) and Puerto Rico.

local residents, and rare sparsely distributed along most of its distribution (perhaps locally common in parts of Belice) with diminished by the loss of habitat populations and their capture for live bird markets.

The population of Sula Valley survives as remainder. marketed widely both within and outside the species range, being one of the most searched Neotropical parrots pet (reputedly one of the best talkers). The most drastic falls have probably been in the northeast of Mexico, where habitat loss has been more rapid and severe. The wild population is probably less than 7.000 individuals (1994).

Distribution 3 subspecies:

  • Amazona oratrix belizensis

    Monroe,BL Jr & Howell,TR, 1966) – Belice.


  • Amazona oratrix hondurensis

    (Lousada & Howell,SNG, 1997) – Sula Valley, Honduras.


  • Amazona oratrix oratrix

    (Ridgway, 1887) – Nominal.

Conservation:


Endangered


• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: In danger of extinction.

• Population trend: Decreasing.

• Population size: 4700

Rationale for the Red List category

    This species qualifies as in danger of extinction due to demographic decline very fast. The population is now so small that it is likely to fall (but still very significant) rates decrease in the future (Collar et al., 1992).

Justification of the population

    The population It was estimated 7.000 copies in 1994. This is roughly equivalent to 4.700 mature individuals.

Justification of trend

    It is estimated that the population of the species is declining very fast, due to the loss and degradation of habitat and the levels of capture and persecution. On the coast of Michoacán, Mexico, it is estimated that the species occupies the 45.6% its estimated historical distribution (Monterrubio-Rico et al ., 2007 ). Throughout all Pacific coast of Mexico, its historical range has contracted by a 79% (Monterrubio-Rico et al ., 2010). The population of Punta de Manabique It decreased by 30% between 1994 and 2001 mainly due to the Poaching of nests (our man 2003 , Eisermann in a bit., 2007).
Threats

• The habitat loss It has been extensive, with the 80% lowlands of Tamaulipas cleared for agriculture and pasture, and growing settlements along the Autopista del Oeste in Belice (Somerville 1997).

• In Belice, where much of the suitable habitat is outside the sistema national protected area, the regions occupied by species remain under heavy development pressure (B. Miller in a little ., 2007).

• Las palm savannas at the only known breeding site in Guatemala They are used for no intensive cattle grazing (our man 2003), who is still a threat here (Fundary et al ., 2006).

• Many thousands of Individuals of this species are exported illegally from Mexico and some from Belice each year, and it is popular in domestic markets (Low 1995b, Miller and Miller 1997, Somerville 1997).

• The illegal internal traffic is intense in Mexico and may represent the 38% of recent species loss distributive (T. Monterrubio-Rico et al., In 2007).

• In the Mexican states of Michoacán, Warrior and Oaxaca, They are mainly pups those taken to the pet trade (T. Monterrubio-Rico et al., In 2007).

• In Guatemala, It is reported that Local military authorities are complicit in the illegal trade of this species, and poachers frequent nest nesting site of the species (our man 2003, Eisermann in some). It also, has reported its hunting for food from local fishermen in Guatemala (our man 2003, Eisermann in some ., 2007).

• In Belice, It is hunted and persecuted by damage to crops (SNG Howell in some 1998) and it remains a victim of the illegal pet trade, whose capture involves logging nesting (B. Miller in a little ., 2007).

• It is estimated that its extension around the coast of Michoacán It has decreased 1.507 km2 , of which 576 km2 can not be attributed to habitat loss and, therefore, They may be due to the poaching for trade (Monterrubio-Rico et al., 2007).

Conservation Actions Underway

• CITES Appendix I.

• In Mexico It is distributed in nine protected areas (T. Monterrubio-Rico et al., In 2007).

• The nominal subspecies inhabits Biosphere Reserves of Heaven, Los Tuxtlas, Swamps Centla and Terms Lagoon.

• The species Tres Marias Parrot (Amazona tresmariae), considered by some authors as a subspecies of Amazona [oratrix gold tresmariae], It is protected in Islas Marías Biosphere Reserve.

• The nominal subspecies It is in the Reserva Chamela-Cuixmala, in the Lagunas de Chacahua, in the Huatulco National Park, and in the Biosphere Reserve Zicuirán-Infiernillo in Michoacán (T. Monterrubio-Rico et al., 2007), as well as in seven protected areas in Belice (EC Enkerlin-Hoeflich in some 1994, Miller and Miller 1997, Snyder et to the., 2000).

• The only one breeding population known in Guatemala It was declared Wildlife Refuge in 2005, but effective protection is difficult due to organized crime in the area (Eisermann in some ., 2007).

• There are several awareness campaigns nationally in Mexico (Roberson y Carratello, 1997).

• It is bred in captivity, but the reintroduction of captive bred birds is unfeasible (Baja 1995b).

Conservation Actions Proposed

• Carry out surveys for an updated estimate of population size.

• Monitor rates of habitat loss and degradation.

• Monitor hunting levels, catch and trade.

• Apply the trade restrictions.

• To protect effectively as key sites Las Colorados Ranch, Soto La Marina / Fishing, Tamaulipas, orange river, focused on Las Abritas (San Luis Potosi) and Punta de Manabique.

• Survey to identify other important sites.

• Investigate habitat use and local movements.

• Continue zooming awareness campaigns.

• Develop structured captive breeding programs and investigate the possibility of future release.

"Yellow-headed Parrot" in captivity:

The Yellow-headed Parrot are popular in domestic markets.

protected by CITES Appendix I (Species that are endangered. Prohibited international trade of specimens of those species, except when the import is non-commercial purposes).

In Mexico It is listed as endangered in both the NAME-059-SEMARNAT-2001, as in the NAME-059-SEMARNAT-2010, and by the Article 60 Bis of the General Law on Wildlife removal of specimens from the environment is prohibited, marketing, tenure, import, export, use of any of its parts. They are up 9 years in prison and fines very high who are surprised by the Profepa with specimens of this species in their possession and do not have papers proving their legal provenance.

Should be avoided in all cases buy this or any of the protected species by different appendices CITES.

Alternative names:

– Yellow-headed Amazon, Yellow-headed Parrot, Yellow-headed Parrot (Mainland) (English).
– Amazone à tête jaune, Amazone à tête jaune (continentale), Amazone à tête jaune (forme continentale) (French).
– Gelbkopfamazone (German).
– papagaio-de-cabeça-amarela (Portuguese).
– Loro Cabeza Amarilla, Amazona cabecigualda (español).


scientific classification:

Robert Ridgway
Robert Ridgway

– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittacidae
– Genus: Amazona
– Scientific name: Amazona oratrix
– Citation: Ridgway, 1887
– Protonimo: Amazona oratrix


«Yellow Headed Parrot» Images:

Loro-Cabeza-Amarilla-(9)
Loro-Cabeza-Amarilla-(8)
Loro-Cabeza-Amarilla-(7)
Loro-Cabeza-Amarilla-(6)
Loro-Cabeza-Amarilla-(5)
Loro-Cabeza-Amarilla-(4)
Loro-Cabeza-Amarilla-(3)
Loro-Cabeza-Amarilla-(2)

Videos "Yellow-headed Parrot"

————————————————————————————————

«Yellow Headed Parrot» (Amazona oratrix)


Sources:

– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife

– Photos:

(1) – A Yellow-headed Amazon (also known as the Double Yellow-headed Amazon) in an aviary By Ernst Vikne (IMG_4451.JPG) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Yellow-headed Amazon at Baltimore Aquarium, USA By Christine Schmidt from Laurel, USA (Parrot pair) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Yellow-headed Amazon, also known as the Yellow-headed Parrot or Double Yellow-headed Amazon, at Lion Country Safari, West Palm Beach, Florida, USA. Photograph is a close up of head By Duncan Rawlinson from Vancouver, BC (Parrot) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Yellow-headed Amazon (Amazona oratrix) playing on his cage by Mbtskysurfer at English Wikipedia [GFDL or CC BY 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Yellow-headed Amazon (Amazona oratrix) also known as the Yellow-headed Parrot, Double Yellow-headed Amazon. Two parrots on a perch By Gary Denness (originally posted to Flickr as Parrot Portrait) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Yellow-headed Amazon (also known as the Yellow-headed Parrot and the Double Yellow-headed Amazon) at Vancouver Aquarium, Canada By Lizzy Foulkes (originally posted to Flickr as Hello, Goregous) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – A Yellow-headed Amazon at Palmitos Park, Gran Canaria, Canary islands, Spain By William Warby (Flickr: Parrot) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(8) – A Yellow-headed Amazon in Jungle Island, Miami, Florida, USA By Humberto Moreno (Parrot Jungle, Miami) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(9) – Yellow-headed Amazon (also known as the Yellow-headed Parrot and the Double Yellow-headed Amazon) at Dallas World Aquarium, USA By texas_mustang (Dallas Aquarium 2008 with Meredith) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons

– Sounds: Peter Boesman, XC218407. accessible www.xeno-canto.org/218407

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Orange-winged Parrot
Amazona amazonica

Origin: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela
Character: Sociable, outgoing
Life expectancy: 60 to 70 years
Height: 33 to 36 cm..

Amazona Alinaranja

Content

Anatomy-parrots

Description Orange-winged Parrot

Of 33 to 36 cm.. height can weigh between 350 gr y 450 gr.
The Orange-winged Parrot (Amazona amazonica) It is distinguishable by having the Centre of the crown and cheeks yellow, separated by the forecrown and sides of the crown pale blue, edge of the wing orange, and inside of the tail Orange with stripe green in the Middle.
The copies juveniles have a color different to it of them adults; the head is green, Blue and pale yellow.
It is not possible to determine the sex of the Amazons in a safe manner by their appearance.

Habitat:

Present in varied habitats (dry forests, morichales, Savanna, stubble, mangroves, etc.) below the 500 m.

Frequently is seen in pairs or in flocks numerous out of it breeding season.

Reproduction:

It is a kind monogamous (the couple stays together for life).

It nests in trunks of Palms killed apparently at the end of the season dry.
The female lays from 3 to 5 eggs and she incubates them for three weeks approximately. the chicks take two months to develop.

Food:

It feeds on various fruits, seeds and sprouts leaves. Including the fruit of Palms (Sloanea, Richeria and Byrsonima) , flowers Erythrina and sometimes cocoa.
You can take oranges and mangoes of the cultivated areas when other food is scarce.

Distribution:


Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 7.420.000 km2

North and Central South America to the East of Peru, Brazilian Amazon and northeast of Bolivia.

Conservation:

State of conservation ⓘ

minor concern Minor Concern ⓘ (UICN)ⓘ
  • Current red list category of the UICN: Least concern.
  • The population trend: Decreasing.

    • Trapped for the wild bird trade: they have been 268.510 wild-caught individuals for international trade from 1981.
    In some areas of their range they are hunted for food by the indigenous population.
    The loss of habitat is also a concern.


    "Orange-winged Parrot" in captivity:

    Video – "Orange-winged Parrot"

    Amazona Amazonica
    Watch this video on YouTube.

    Popular as a mascot for more than 100 years.
    Loving, playful, with good ability to speak, sociable with people.

    Known for being very friendly, easy to train, very Smart.
    They need constant attention of their owners, they carry out all kinds of fun pranks to get that attention.
    Over time they will form a strong bond with their owner., they can however be quite noisy. They will make noise early in the morning and when the Sun is setting. This usually lasts for a few 10 minutes, to wake up and just before sleep.

    Alternative names:

    – Orange winged Parrot, Common Amazon Parrot, Orange-winged Amazon, Orange-winged Parrot (English).
    – Amazone à ailes orange, Amazone aourou (French).
    – Venezuelaamazone (German).
    – curica, airu-curuca, ajuru-catinga, ajuru-curau, ajuru-curuca, curau, curuçá, Papagaio-do-mangue, papagaio-grego, papagaio-poaieiro (Portuguese).
    – Amazona Alinaranja, Amazona Guaro, Cotorra Alianaranjada, Lora Amazónica, Loro Real, Lora alianaranjada (español).
    – Lora Amazónica (Colombia).
    – Loro Guaro (Venezuela).

    scientific classification:

    – Order: Psittaciformes
    – Family: Psittacidae
    – Genus: Amazona
    – Scientific name: Amazona amazonica
    – Citation: (Linnaeus, 1766)
    – Protonimo: Psittacus amazonicus

    Orange winged Parrot images :

    amazona-alinaranja-1
    amazona-alinaranja-2
    amazona-alinaranja-3
    amazona-alinaranja-4

    Parrots in the world

    Species of the genus Amazona


    Sources:

    – Parrot Book, Parrots and macaws Neotropical
    – avibase

    Photos:

    – Our beautiful world
    – An Orange-winged Amazon at Kuala Lumpur Bird Park, Malaysia. It is eating a slice of corn on the cob by Vasenka – Wikimedia
    – by Patrick Ingremeau – IBC.lynxeds.com
    – by Snowmanradio (talk) – Wikimedia
    – by Thore Noernberg – IBC.lynxeds.com

    Sounds: Joao Antonio de B.. Vitto (Xeno-canto)

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    Red-bellied Macaw
    Orthopsittaca manilatus

    Origin: Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago
    Character: Activos
    Life expectancy: 40 years.
    Height: 50 to 51 cm..


    Guacamayo Ventrirrojo

    Content

    Description:

    50 to 51 cm.. length and a weight between 292 and 390 g.

    The Red-bellied Macaw (Orthopsittaca manilatus) is a medium-sized Macaw; has the forecrown and crown a bright blue, gradually faded to blue-green color in the area of the nape and on both sides of the neck. The the mantle and scapulars are green grass with impregnations color olive and yellow edges, producing, altogether, a flaky effect; the back and rump are green grass, with some feathers tipped pale bluish. The uppertail-coverts grass-green. The lesser and median coverts green grass impregnated with green olive with yellowish margins; alula and primary coverts green with vane outer blue; large inner coverts green.

    The flight feather bordered with blue and green tips. Under, the wings with coverts yellowish-green and flight feather yellowish. The feathers of the throat and top of the chest are pale grey blue in the Center and yellowish-green in the margins; those of the lower area of the chest and top of the belly without tones pale in the Center, but with some feathers with margins off dark red; belly dark red; undertail-coverts bluish green. Upper, the tail green color in the Center with yellowish margins; upor down yellow.

    Bill black; nude part of lores and cheeks yellowish white; irises dark brown; legs dark gray.

    Sexes similar    , the males, possibly, bigger.

    Immature clear tip in the bill and smaller patch of dark red color of the belly.

    Habitat:

    Lives in Savanna and flooded forest, where there are Palm trees, in altitudes close to the 500 m. Very dependent from the Palma de moriche or aguaje (Mauritia flexuosa), which feeds, staying almost invisible due to its Green plumage.

    Occasionally wander in by cultivated areas and have been in the mangroves.

    gregarious, flocks of more of 100 observed birds. Usually, they rest in the branches of the Mauritia Palms, where they remain hidden among the foliage of leaves.

    Reproduction:

    They nest in holes of las palmas dead found near or surrounded by water, often use the nests of the Orange-winged Parrot (Amazona amazonica), of Trinidad and Tobago.

    The breeding season is from February to September in Trinidad and Tobago; from February to may in Colombia; from February to June in Guyana. The size of the put is of 2 to 6 eggs with a period of incubation of approximately 27 days. The young begin to feather already in the eleventh week. Take an average of 2 to 3 years to mature, remaining during that period very close to their parents.

    Food:

    Usually feeds on the fruits of the Palm tree Mauritia flexuosa they are present during the season dry when other fruits are scarce, as well as other palm trees such as Roystonea oleracea and Euterpe.

    The Red-bellied Macaw communicate with each other with calls when there is a localized food source.

    They roost in Palm trees full of fruit and used its beak to peel hard fruits to expose the pulp. Son, unlike most parrots, seed predators, but partially, since they eat the fruit, leaving intact the endocarpio (Darnell and Bergstrom 2002; Janzen 1981; Kristosh and Marcondes Machado-2001).

    Some lick attempt to fly with the seed at its peak, and unintentionally may fall between two palm trees. Seed drop and feeding behavior, in order to avoid damaging the seed, It makes these macaws and other psittacidas agents of seed dispersal.

    Distribution:

    Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 7.150.000 km2

    The Red-bellied Macaw is distributed to the North of South America to the East of the Andes.

    In Colombia its range is from Goal and West of Vaupés until Putumayo and amazon, spreading northeast of Venezuela until Trinidad and Tobago and Guianas, where apparently, they are restricted to coastal areas.

    Are distributed to the East of Ecuador, Northeast of Peru, North of Bolivia and much of the Brazilian Amazon, to the East of For and from the West of Bay and Goiás until Mato Grosso. Apparently absent most of Venezuela and North of the Amazon basin of Brazil, in the basin of the Black river.

    A small population reported in the North of São Paulo, Brazil.

    Probably residents in some areas, although migratory in others, for example, in the Northwest of Bolivia, where been observed have to these macaws in the months of September to November, being absent from November to January.

    Share on a local scale; the distribution is closely related to the palms of Mauritia. Probably stable population. But, in the northeast of Brazil fruit Mauritia It is used in the manufacture of confectionery products and the trunks of the palms for some construction purposes..

    Rare in captivity.

    Conservation:


    minor concern

    • Red List category of the UICN current: Least concern.

    • Population trend: Stable.

    Global population size has not been quantified, but this species is described as quite common.

    The populations of the Red-bellied Macaw they depend of the Palms Mauritia for food and nesting. These trees are widely used for construction, and that is why you can have bad consequences for the future of the species.

    These birds are threatened by the felling of these Palm trees and capture for the pet trade. But, This species tends to be common in most of their habitats, with the exception of Colombia, Guyana and Venezuela, where it is threatened by Habitat loss.

    "Red-bellied Macaw" in captivity:

    Rare bird cage.

    It is extremely difficult to keep these birds alive in captivity., because, mainly, to your excitable personality, and its diet low in fat and high in carbohydrates.

    The export and import for the pet trade often brings with it a mortality of the 100%; captive-bred chicks have a very low survival rate. A high percentage die at an early age kidney disease. Its acquisition as a pet is very questionable.

    The only country that exports these birds in recent years is Guyana.

    Due to the lack of commercial availability of nuts of moriche Palm, peeled unsalted peanuts have been used as a staple in the diet of these birds in captive. They should not be fed with the typical commercial seed, especially fat seeds such as of the Sunflower.

    A nutritional analysis of the natural diet of the Red-bellied Macaw He revealed that this was made up of high levels of beta carotene, of carbohydrates and zero fat. This explains its propensity to obesity in captivity. Almost all parrots usual diets are too high in fat content, with what the Vitamin A supplements in the form of beta carotene they are essential.

    Deficiencies of Vitamin A are usually made to notice very quickly, giving rise to many serious diseases, being able to get to many of them deadly.

    The beta carotene is the only way Vitamin A that do not require fat to be absorbed. The successful reproduction This species only has been able to achieve by adjusting your diet.

    The pups fed by hand are much quieter than adults and are able to metabolize fat more efficiently than adults. Once weaned, they remain in need of a very low fat diet.

    There are no data of your longevity in captivity, Although in nature, possibly, they can live around the 40 years.

    Is not a bird to keep in captive. A responsible attitude should be to place these beautiful birds in breeding programs so that future generations can enjoy them..

    More information –>

    Alternative names:

    – Red-bellied Macaw, Red bellied Macaw, Small Red-bellied Macaw (English).
    – Ara macavouanne, Ara à ventre rouge (French).
    – (German).
    – Maracanã-do-buriti, arararana, ararinha, maracanã-de-cara-amarela (Portuguese).
    – Guacamaya Buchirroja, Guacamayo Ventrirrojo, Maracaná de Vientre Rojo (español).
    – Guacamayita morichalera, Guacamaya Buchirroja (Colombia).
    – Guacamayo barriga roja, Perico morichalero (Venezuela).
    – Guacamayo ventrirrojo (Ecuador).
    – Maracaná ventrirroja, Parabachi de palmar (Bolivia).
    – Evaí (Chimani).
    – Ararinha (tupi).
    – Quequeto (Guahibo).
    – Ectoa (Barasana).

    Pieter Boddaert
    Pieter Boddaert

    scientific classification:


    – Order: Psittaciformes
    – Family: Psittacidae
    – Genus: Orthopsittaca
    – Scientific name: Orthopsittaca manilatus
    – Citation: (Boddaert, 1783)
    – Protonimo: Psittacus manilatus


    Images Red-bellied Macaw:

    Guacamayo-Ventrirrojo-(5)
    Guacamayo-Ventrirrojo-(4)
    Guacamayo-Ventrirrojo-(3)
    Guacamayo-Ventrirrojo-(2)

    Videos "Red-bellied Macaw"

    MARACANÃ-DO-BURITI (ORTHOPSITTACA MANILATA), RED-BELLIED MACAW, Yellow-faced Maracanã, Arararan.
    Watch this video on YouTube.
    Parrots in the world

    «Ventrirrojo Guacamayo» (Orthopsittaca manilatus)


    Sources:

    • Avibase
    • Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
    • Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
    • Birdlife
    • Wikipedia

    Photos:

    (1) – Red-bellied Macaw Orthopsittaca manilata in Goiânia, Brazil By A C Moraes (originally posted to Flickr as Tocci) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
    (2) – Two Red-bellied Macaws flying near the Amerindian Reservation of Santa Mission, Guyana By Feroze Omardeen [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
    (3) – A little girl in San Martin, Peru with a pet juvenile Red-bellied Macaw on her right shoulder By Michael Nickel (originally posted to Flickr as girl with lorito) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
    (4) – Buchirroja Guacamaya ( Orthopsittaca manilatus) by Marcello Magnussen – wiki_aves_colombia
    (5) – Buriti maracana chicks in the nest, Orthopsittaca manilatus by Osvaldo Scalabrini

    ▷ The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

    Tres Marias Parrot
    Amazona tresmariae

    Origin: Mexico
    Character: Social.
    Life expectancy: ----
    Height: 38-40 cm..

    Tres Marias Parrot

    Content

    Description:

    38-40 cm.. length and 580-650 g. of weight.

    The Tres Marias Parrot (Amazona tresmariae) has head and throat yellow.

    The upperparts are green. The underparts They are green but more yellowed than upperparts. Thighs yellow. Primaries and secondaries green, violet-blue becoming the tip. should carpal yellow. Speculum red on the basis of the five outer secondaries. The curve wings, pale red, with some yellow.

    The tail is green, with yellowish green tip and lateral feathers basically marked with red on the inner band; outermost feathers fringed blue. The legs They are pale gray. The irises It is orange. The bill is horn-colored, gray towards the base of the upper jaw. Cere dark gray.


    Anatomy-parrots

    Both sexes are similar. The immature They are completely green head, except the yellow patch in forecrown. The curve wings, green. should carpal yellowish green.

    Taxonomic note:

    It is granted status species by the International Congress of Ornithology.

    Habitat:

    Video "Tres Marias Parrot"

    They have preference by deciduous forests or evergreen, clear, Savanna Woods, pine forests, dense gallery forests; less commonly in dry thorn forests, mangroves or coastal marshes and cultivated areas with scattered trees.

    Resident throughout its area of distribution.

    Reproduction:

    Nest in holes in tree trunks or fallen branches.

    Food:

    consume outbreaks, leaves news, fruits palm, seeds of Acacia, fruits of Macuna, figs and some fruits of cultivated land.

    Distribution:

    Endemic to the Marias Islands, on the west coast of Mexico.

    Amazon tresmariae Conservation :

    State of conservation ⓘ

    minor concern Minor Concern ⓘ (UICN)ⓘ

    • Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.

    • Population trend: Decreasing.

    The Tres Marias Parrot It has an extremely large range and, therefore, it does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable at the discretion of the distribution area size (Extension <20,000 km2 combined with a size decreasing or fluctuating range, extent or quality of habitat or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation).

    Even though the population trend appears to be declining, It not believed to be declining fast enough to approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the criteria of population trend (> 30% decline over ten years or three generations).

    The population size has not been quantified, but it is not believed that approximates Vulnerable thresholds under the criterion of population size (<10.000 mature individuals with an estimated continuous decline> 10% in ten years or three generations or a population structure). For these reasons, the species is evaluated as Least Concern.

    Usually it regarded as a subspecies of the Yellow-crowned Parrot (Amazona ochrocephala).

    Tres Marias Parrot in captivity:

    These birds belong to Appendix I of the CITES, with special protection because they are highly sought.

    Alternative names:

    – Panama yellow-crowned amazon, Tres Maria Yellow-headed Parrot, Tres Marias Amazon, Tres Marias Parrot, Yellow-headed Parrot (Tres Marias Is.) (English).
    – Amazone à tête jaune (forme des Tres Marias), Amazone de Três Marias, Amazone des Tres Marias (French).
    – Gelbkopfamazone-tresmariae, Tres-Marias-Amazone (German).
    – Tres Marias Parrot (Portuguese).
    – Tres Marias Parrot, Tres Marias Amazon, amazona de Tres Marias, Amazona cabeciamarilla de tres marias, Loro de las islas María (español).


    Scientific classification Amazona tresmariae:

    Edward William Nelson
    Edward William Nelson

    – Order: Psittaciformes
    – Family: Psittacidae
    – Genus: Amazona
    – Scientific name: Amazona tresmariae
    – Citation: Nelson, 1900<

    Tres Marias Parrot images:

    Amazona-de-Tres-Marias-(5)
    Amazona-de-Tres-Marias-(4)
    Amazona-de-Tres-Marias-(3)
    Amazona-de-Tres-Marias-(2)

    Parrots in the world

    Species of the genus Amazona



    Sources:

    • Avibase
    • Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
    • Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr

    Photos:

    (1) – Amazona tresmariae at Cougar Mountain Zoological Park, USA perching on a zoo keepers left hand By Derrick CoetzeeCamera location47° 33′ 11.72″ N, 122° 04′ 50.26″ W View this and other nearby images on: Openstreetmap – Google Earth 47.553255; -122.080628 [CC0], via Wikimedia Commons
    (2) – Amazona tresmariae in a cage at Cougar Mountain Zoological Park By Derrick Coetzee from Seattle, USA (Tres Marias Amazon in cage 2) [CC0], via Wikimedia Commons
    (3) – Amazona tresmariae at Cougar Mountain Zoological Park, USA. There are two with a woman zoo keeper By Derrick Coetzee [CC0], via Wikimedia Commons
    (4) – Tres Marias Amazon in cage by D Coetzee – Flickr
    (5) – Yellow-headed Parrot of the Tres Marias Islands by (c) Juan Cruzado Cortés – naturalista.mx

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    Scaly-naped Amazon
    Amazona mercenarius

    Origin: Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia
    Character: shy
    Life expectancy: ---
    Height: 33 to 38 cm..

    Scaly-naped Amazon

    Content

    Description


    Anatomy-parrots

    33 to 38 cm.. tall and 300 g. of weight.

    The Scaly-naped Amazon (Amazona mercenarius) it is the only amazon in mountainous areas.

    General coloring green, with the feathers of the chest with black border, It is distinguished by having the wingtip yellow with orange spots, and external feathers tail tricolor with blue base, middle part red and yellow tip.

    Bill pale gray area at the base of jaw; irises orange; legs brown.

    Both sexes are similar. It is thought that immature they are similar to adults.

    Description 2 subspecies

    • Amazona mercenarius canipalliata

      (Cabanis, 1874) – Speculum red absent. bases outer secondaries marked with brown spots. Some specimens show scattered red feathers crown, the throat top of the chest.


    • Amazona mercenarius mercenarius

      (Tschudi, 1844) – Nominal.

    Habitat:

    Video – "Scaly-naped Amazon"

    Loro Verde (Mercenary Amazon)
    Watch this video on YouTube.

    Andean and sub-Andean forests permanently cloudy between 1200 and 3000 m. Occasionally in warm floor and cultivated land.
    Usually in pairs or groups of 30 to 40 individuals.

    Reproduction:

    They have reported evidence reproduction between March and May in Colombia. Nest and eggs not yet described. The incubation period apparently it lasts 25 and 26 days.

    Food:

    Little information on their diet, but he has seen taking figs and fruit unidentified in Colombia.
    In Colombia they have been observed down to attack corn fields.

    Distribution:

    Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 3.160.000 km2

    Andes from Venezuela to the North of Bolivia.

    Distribution 2 subspecies

    • Amazona mercenarius canipalliata

      (Cabanis, 1874) – Andes of Colombia to northwest Venezuela and Ecuador.


    • Amazona mercenarius mercenarius

      (Tschudi, 1844) – Nominal. Andes North of Peru to the North of Bolivia; a single record in Argentina.

    Conservation:

    State of conservation ⓘ

    minor concern Minor Concern ⓘ (UICN)ⓘ

    • Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.

    • Population trend: Decreasing.

    Justification of the population

    The population size World has not been quantified, but this species is described as «quite common» (Stotz et to the., 1996).

    Justification of trend

    It is suspected that the population is in decline due to the continuous habitat destruction.

    The Amazona Mercenary in captivity:

    Very rare in captivity.

    Alternative names:

    – Scaly-naped Amazon, Mercenary Amazon, Mercenary Parrot, Scaly naped Parrot, Scaly-naped Parrot (English).
    – Amazone mercenaire (French).
    – Soldatenamazone (German).
    – Loro verde (Portuguese).
    – Amazona Mercenaria, Amazona Verde, Lora Andina, Loro nuca escamada, Lora paramera (español).


    scientific classification:

    Tschudi-Johann Jakob of
    Tschudi-Johann Jakob of

    – Order: Psittaciformes
    – Family: Psittacidae
    – Genus: Amazona
    – Scientific name: Amazona mercenarius
    – Citation: (Tschudi, 1844)
    – Protonimo: parrot hired


    Scaly-naped Amazon Pictures:

    amazona-mercenaria
    amazona-mercenaria-2
    amazona-mercenaria-1
    amazona-mercenaria-3

    Parrots in the world

    Species of the genus Amazona


    Sources:
    – Parrot Book, Parrots and macaws Neotropical
    – avibase
    – Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
    – Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
    – Birdlife

    – Photos: papageien.org, IBC.lynxeds.com , chrislansdell.blogspot.com.es, Flickr.com

    – Sound: Hans Matheve

    ▷ The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

    Red-shouldered Macaw
    Diopsittaca nobilis

    Origin: Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, Brazil, Bolivia, Peru
    Character: Sociable
    Life expectancy: 30 years
    Height: 30 cm..


    Guacamayo Noble

    Content

    Description:

    30 cm.. length and a weight between 130 and 170 g..

    The Red-shouldered Macaw (Diopsittaca nobilis) along with the other two subspecies belong to the Group of the small macaws often called dwarf macaws or mini macaws parrots.

    They have forecrown, front of the crown and top of the eyes blue; rest of the head and upperparts, including the wings and the top of the tail, grass-green. Rojas the carpal joints and the leading edge of the wing . Lesser and medium underwing-coverts red; large underwing-coverts brown; underside of flight feather Golden olive.

    The underparts green, but more yellowish than the upper. The bottom of the tail Golden olive.

    Bill blackish; bare skin of the lores and top of the cheeks white; irises orange-brown; black legs.

    Both sexes similar; Perhaps a little smaller females.

    The immature with the head completely Green: has no red color in the carpal joints.

    Description 3 subspecies:

    • Diopsittaca nobilis cumanensis

      (Lichtenstein, 1823) – Larger that the species nominal, at around 33 cm.. length. The forecrown more blue and the upper maxilla off-white.


    • Diopsittaca nobilis longipennis

      (Neumann, 1931) – It is the largest subspecies, at around 35 cm.. length. Underparts more yellow and olive green


    • Diopsittaca nobilis nobilis

      (Linnaeus, 1758) – The nominal

    Habitat:

    With they are distributed in a variety of open wooded habitats, including savannah with scattered shrubs and palm trees (for example of Mauritia) in Suriname, morichales and the coast plantations in Guyana, closed with palm groves of Mauritia on the inside of Brazil and margins of caatinga in the northeast of Brazil with palm groves of Mauritia.

    A persistent feature in its preferred habitat is the presence of palm trees., especially of the genus M. flexuosa, Orbignya martiana and Maximiliana maripa (the latter especially in the southern region of the Amazon). Also observed in wetlands with palms, gallery forests and cultivated areas.

    Avoid large expanses of closed canopy forests, but they can be seen around human settlements and it is common in the city of Georgetown, Guyana.

    They reach the 1.400 metres in Venezuela, to the South of the Orinoco.

    Gregarious, often in large flocks outside breeding season; If not in couples.

    Reproduction:

    Nest in tree cavities, termite tree or in holes of palmas. Copulations registered in the month of October to the South-West of Brazil; Probably engender between February and June in Guiana. Clutch four eggs in captivity. The average period of incubation is of 24 days, the chicks leave the nest about 54 days after birth.

    Food:

    Its diet, probably, It is similar to its closest relatives, nuts are included in the, seeds, fruits and flowers, but with some signs of favorite seeds; known his preference for flowers of Terminalia argentea and Erythrina glauca, as well as the berries Cordia and fruits Euterpe. They also feed cereals and fruits in cultivated fields and are considered as one plague in some areas.

    Distribution:

    Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 910.000 km2

    endemic to northeast South America, from the East of the Andes toward the center of Brazil.

    In East Venezuela they are distributed, mainly, to the South of the Orinoco (Delta Amacuro and parts of Bolívar), also at the East end of Monagas.

    The few records of Trinidad they are probably elopements captive birds.

    Are distributed through of the Guianas, in areas of seasonal forests (mainly near the coast) and in Brazil to the North of the amazon in Roraima, Amapá and North of For. Returns disjoint inside of Brazil, to the South of the Amazon from the southeast of For and maranhão the wetlands of Mato Grosso and to the South by the dry northeast in Piauí, Bahia and, according to reports south of Alagoas until Holy Spirit, Rio de Janeiro and Northwest of São Paulo (with a population introduced in the City of São Paulo).

    They occupy the Center and East of Bolivia and Southeast of Peru, where there are records in the Heath pampas.

    In general residents, with seasonal movements in some coastal areas (for example Guianas) and distributed irregularly, to the North of amazon, where they remain scattered on the basis of suitable habitat.

    In general common, especially in the Centre and northeast of Brazil, although rare in Guianas.

    Distribution 3 subspecies:

    Conservation:


    minor concern

    • Red List category of the UICN current: Least concern

    • Population trend: Stable

    Global population size has not been quantified, but this species is described as «quite common» (Stotz et to the., 1996).

    The population of Red-shouldered Macaw suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence of any reduction or substantial threats.

    Currently capture and trade of wild individuals is illegal.

    "Red-shouldered Macaw" in captivity:

    Quite common.

    They are the smaller macaws commercially available pet and enough popular due to its small size (only a little bigger that a cockatoo) and for its excellent ability to imitate sounds.

    In captivity, These birds are sociable and friendly.

    The Red-shouldered Macaw they are easy to breed in captivity birds. They have proven to be prolific breeders and they have brought successfully for many years. In his book "All about parrots«, the author Arthur Freud He points out that the first Red-shouldered Macaw It was bred in captivity in the United Statess in the year 1939 and again in 1940, the Lord and Lady Vance Wright. But it was the British success during the year 1949 by EMT Vane, the best known. In fact Vane received the first breeding metal from the British Avicultural Society’s for his achievements with the Red-shouldered Macaw.

    The Red-shouldered Macaw are commonly held as pets, but their number has been declining in nature due to the habitat destruction and to his capture to the pet market.

    With regard to its longevity, according to sources, It is known that a specimen lived 22,9 years in captivity.

    Alternative names:

    – Red-shouldered Macaw, Hahn’s Macaw, Long-winged Macaw, Neumann’s Macaw, Red shouldered Macaw (English).
    – Ara noble (French).
    – Zwergara (German).
    – Maracanã-pequena, arara-nanica, maracanã, maracanã-nobre (Portuguese).
    – Cotorra Serrana Occidental, Guacamayo Noble, Maracaná Menor, Guacamaya de hombros rojos (español).
    – Guacamayo Enano (Peru).
    – Guacamayo Enano (Venezuela).

    Carl Linnaeus
    Carl Linnaeus

    scientific classification:


    – Order: Psittaciformes
    – Family: Psittacidae
    – Genus: Diopsittaca
    – Scientific name: Diopsittaca nobilis
    – Citation: (Linnaeus, 1758)
    – Protonimo: parrot rank


    Images Red-shouldered Macaw:

    Guacamayo-Noble-(9)
    Guacamayo-Noble-(8)
    Guacamayo-Noble-(7)
    Guacamayo-Noble-(6)
    Guacamayo-Noble-(5)
    Guacamayo-Noble-(4)
    Guacamayo-Noble-(3)
    Guacamayo-Noble-(2)

    Videos "Red-shouldered Macaw"

    Parrots in the world

    «Noble Macaw» (Diopsittaca nobilis)


    Sources:

    – Avibase
    – Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
    – Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
    – Birdlife

    – Photos:

    (1) – A Red-shouldered Macaw at Parque das Aves, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil. This subspecies is also know at the Noble Macaw By Chad Bordes (Picasa Web Albums) [CC BY 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
    (2) – The photograph shows a Hahn’s Macaw (D. n. nobilis) pet parrot perching on a finger By derivative work: Snowmanradio (talk)Diopsittaca_nobilis_-pet-2.jpg:Evenprime at en.wikipedia. Photo by Walter Maier. Picture of family pet. Later version(s) were uploaded by Snowmanradio at en.wikipedia. (Diopsittaca_nobilis_-pet-2.jpg) [GFDL or CC-BY-SA-3.0], from Wikimedia Commons
    (3) – Two Red-shouldered Macaws in the Pantanal, Mato Grosso, Brazil By Nori Almeida (originally posted to Flickr as Pantanal 2009) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
    (4) – Long-wing Macaw or Hahn’s Macaw); two in a cage By TJ Lin (originally posted to Flickr as DSCN9927) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
    (5) – Two Red-shouldered Parrots at Lisbon Zoo, Portugal By Jorge Andrade from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Lisbon zoo (107)Uploaded by snowmanradio) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
    (6) – Red-shouldered Macaw (Diopsittaca nobilis), also known as the Noble Macaw By Snowmanradio (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 or GFDL], via Wikimedia Commons
    (7) – A Red-shouldered Macaw at Bird Park, Kaluga region, Zhukovsky District, Russia By Remiz [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
    (8) – Three Red-shouldered Macaws at a zoo By DSuàr (To be coldUploaded by Snowmanradio) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
    (9) – Red-shouldered Macaw (this subspecies is also known as Hahn’s Macaw) at Jungle Island, Miami, USA By Chris Acuna from Miami, USA [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons

    – Sounds: (Xeno-canto)

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