The Blue-collared Parrot(Geoffroyus simplex), they have the head green, more pale and more yellowish in the chin and lower cheeks, with a collar weak but clearly identified blue across the top of the chest and rear of the neck. The upperparts are blackish Green. Curve of the wings yellow; patch Brown in medium-sized inner cover; greater coverts with yellowish green trim; flight feather Black with green in the vane outer; pale line along the inner edge of the tips of the wings closed, formed by yellow tipping in the vane inmates of the flight feather. Underwing coverts and axillary, blue. Ventral pale, more yellowish green than the upper parts. Upper, the tail green; undertail, yellowish.
Bill greyish black; Iris White pale yellowish; legs gray-green.
The females they lack the collar Blue males but have a little blue on the back of the crown.
Geoffroyus simplex simplex (Meyer, AB, 1874): The nominal.
Geoffroyus simplex buergersi (Neumann, 1922): It measures each 25 cm in length and has purplish blue collar more extensive. Coverts of the wings with Violet Blue. Females have Violet Blue Underwing.
Habitat:
The species is distributed mainly between humid hills and medium-montane forests., along its edges and areas of secondary growth between 500 and 2.500 meters above sea level, being more frequent among the 800 and 1.900 m. Variations in food supply can lead to birds at elevations lower than normal (even at altitudes near sea level).
The Blue-collared Parrot they are shy and hard to spot when perched in trees. Large flocks of birds, of up 200 specimens, can be seen and heard flying above the treetops.
The species tends to form large groups with the Red-checked Parrot, Although sometimes single birds are, in pairs or in small groups.
Reproduction:
Little is known of the breeding ecology. A nest dug with three young was found in mid-January to nine metres in height, close to the top of a stump. The entrance was of 80 mm in diameter, and the gap between 200 mm and 400 mm deep. Nesting is also reported in October.
Food:
The Parrot Acollarado quietly feed in the canopy of seeds, fruit, berries and nectar. They are particularly fond of the seeds of (Castanopis and Oaks Lithocarpus).
Distribution:
New Guinea, Indonesian and Papua New Guinea, with an isolated population in the Doberai Peninsula, from Tamrau to Mountains Parotia. The main population is distributed through the central highlands, absent from the higher central areas, But coming to the Owen Stanley mountain range at the end of this. generally common, but the difficulty of detection makes these less abundant parecezcan birds.
Distribution of the subspecies:
Geoffroyus simplex simplex (Meyer, AB, 1874): The nominal.
Geoffroyus simplex buergersi (Neumann, 1922): Mountains of New Guinea, except Penรญnsula Bird's Head.
Conservation:
โข Current IUCN Red List category: Least concern.
โขPopulation trend: Stable.
The size of the world's population has not been quantified, Although estimated at more of 50.000 specimens. The species, according to sources, is generally rather rare to fairly common (pit et to the. 1997).
The population is suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence of any reduction or substantial threats.
"Blue-collared Parrot" in captivity:
Rare.
Alternative names:
– Blue-collared Parrot, Blue collared Parrot, Lilac-Collared Parrot, Simple Parrot (ingles).
– Perruche ร col bleu, Eclectus ร col bleu, รclectus ร col bleu (French).
– Blauhalspapagei (German).
– Geoffroyus simplex (Portuguese).
– Lorito Acollarado, Lorito Acollorado, Lorito de Collar (espaรฑol).
The Blue-naped Parrot(Tanygnathus lucionensis) has the head bright green with a clear bright blue diffusion through the back of the crown and nape.
Upperparts yellowish-green with pale blue illuminated on the back low and the tail; upper tail coverts brighter yellowish green.
Scapulars blue, with green edges; shoulder Black with small coverts Black bordered of blue-green and orange Green; median black and pale blue, large edges of opaque orange brown; greater coverts Blue-Green lined with orange-yellow in the feathers interiors.
Secondary Green with yellow and narrow margins; primaries Greens with vane blackish internal.
Wing feathers green, underside of primaries blackish.
Upper, the tail green, narrow edge and yellowish tip laterally; undertail, the tail yellowish brown opaque.
Bill red, paler at the tip and the lower jaw; irises yellow; legs grey.
Both sexes are equal.
Immature with less blue in the crown and more off the brands of the wings.
: It has the most extended head blue, with violet tone. Their wings are greener.
Tanygnathus lucionensis talautensis
: No blue in the obispillo and their plumage is less yellowish.
Tanygnathus lucionensis [salvadorii u horrisonus]:
Habitat:
It is a bird of forests closed and open, including secondary growth, coconut plantations, patches of mangrove and banana to the 1.000 meters above sea level; and not so strongly linked to coastal habitats as the Great-billed Parrot. Is usually found in flocks of up to 12 individuals who sit in community and make regular flights at dawn and in the evening between the feeding and resting areas. Feeds on fruit trees.
Reproduction:
The breeding It has been observed in the months of April to June. Registered a nest the natural cavity or abandoned Woodpecker hole, often a clear. There is no data on the size of the laying.
Food:
Fruits and seeds of forest trees, Palm fruit, young coconuts, the banana and papaya.
Apparently, small groups of birds in Mantanani Kiss (Northwest Sabah), and SI-Amil (until 100 birds present in 1962) and Maratua off the northeast coast of Borneo; The existence of a wild population was also reported around Kota Kinabalu, (Sabah).
Occasional leaks occur in other parts, including the Sangir Islands.
The species was described as common in Salibabu in the Group of Talaud in 1978 (more numerous there than the Azure-rumped parrot) and they are still regularly seen there and in the nearby Karakelong during observations in 1995 (Numerous in a last record in 1997).
In other areas the species is rare. Recent records in Philippines they come mainly from Mindoro and Palawan, places that seem to be the bastion of the species.
Tanygnathus lucionensis [salvadorii u horrisonus]:
(Ogilvie-Grant, 1896) – Philippines, (except North), but it can be rare or extinct on many islands. Also in some small islands off Northwest and northeast of Borneo (If Amil, Mantanani), where it was possibly introduced, especially on this last island.
Conservation:
โข Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Near threatened
โข Population trend: Decreasing
The total population is provisionally estimated to be below the 10,000 specimens in 1993 (Lambert et to the. 1993).
The population is suspected to be in decline due to capture for the bird trade and habitat degradation from expansion and logging due to agricultural pressures..
– Determine the impact of trade on the population of the species.
– Revise its estimate of the world population.
– Estimate the rates of decline based on the rates of deforestation within its range.
– Protect effectively important extensions of high forest with trees suitable to nest in key places throughout its distribution area, both in the areas of strict protection, such as multi-use areas.
"Blue-naped Parrot" in captivity:
pretty calm.
Occasionally available.
Alternative names:
– Blue-naped Parrot, Blue naped Parrot (ingles).
– Perruche de Luรงon, Perroquet ร couronne (French).
– Blaunackenpapagei, Blaunacken-Papagei (German).
– Papagaio-de-nuca-azul (Portuguese).
– Loro de Nuca Azul, Loro Nuquiazul (espaรฑol).
Among 30 and 37 cm.. length and a weight between 99 and 170 g..
The Crimson Rosella(Platycercus elegans) has a predominantly red plumage.
Its head is bright crimson in color with the lower part of the cheeks and the throat of blue color.. Mantle feathers are black with broad crimson margins of variable intensity.; rump and uppertail coverts crimson.
Medium and lower inner wing coverts black; bend of wing, lesser coverts and medium blue color external; external greater coverts bright blue, Black Interior with red edges giving a scaly appearance to this area; primary coverts blue violet; feathers of flying blackish with thin margin foreign white in them more external and blue violet in vane outer; secondary black with vane external blue violet; tertiary black with red borders.
Under, Blackish wings with blue coats. Underparts showy crimson.
Upper, the tail is blue, the center of green-washed, Foreign feathers with vane Blackish internal and vane Violet Blue outer with pale at both ends; undertail, the tail of pale blue edged blackish when closed.
The peak of grayish-white; dark brown irises; greyish Brown legs.
The female It is smaller with narrower peak. It has no stripe under the wings..
The immature is very different, with upper parts olive green (including the tail at the top), and green underparts greyish.
The centers to the mantle feathers are dark brown, and the black markings of the wings of the adult are replaced by green. Very young birds rump is green Orange. There is a pale stripe on the bottom of the wings (formed by stains pale in vane inner). It shows red feathers on the head, chest, buttocks and subcaudales coverts and move through the first fall.
Adult plumage is reached in a few 15 months. Immatures of the population in the North are mainly red, and there are less green unripe in Norfolk Island than mainland populations.
(Gould, 1837) – With 33 cm.. length, approximately, It is but little that the nominal species, Yellow has no orange hue and there is orange in the neck, chest and abdomen.
Platycercus elegans fleurieuensis
(Ashby, 1917) – IMG – It differs from the species rated as having an intense orange color, Red plumage, the mantle and black gray back, with pale orange-red spots; pale blue medium and secondary wing coverts.
Platycercus elegans melanopterus
(North, 1906) – Of 36 cm.. length, approximately. The bordered red are more narrow, with which the back looks more black. Female as the nominal.
Platycercus elegans nigrescens
(Ramsay,EP, 1888) – With 34 cm.. length, It is smaller than the nominal value and the color red is much more dark. Red feathers are more narrow. Female as the nominal.
Platycercus elegans subadelaidae
(Mathews, 1912) – Approximately from 36 cm.. length. Instead of Red Blend Red, Orange and yellow. Orange red forehead, the Crown and face, they turned to brighter red frontal band. Yellow olive from the low back to the supracaudales coverts
Habitat:
The Crimson Rosella they frequent tropical and humid subtropical forests near the coast and the surroundings of montane forests at altitudes up to 1.900 m.
They are mainly on the edges of jungle, in the secondary zones and in the dense forests of eucalyptus they arrive at a good stage of maturity.
The nominal species has a preference for thick wooded areas, but often goes into open areas and farmland where it is mixed with the Perico conr (Platycercus eximius).
It also tends to visit plots of pine trees.
In the Kangaroo Island, where is the only parakeet present, He lives in all types of forest habitats, they are also adapting to farmland.
The subspecies subadelaidae and fleurieuensis, sometimes grouped under the term Adelaide parakeet, frequent valleys forest, arboreal galleries that border the rivers or trees on the edge of the roads. They are also present in the orchards and farmland.
The Flaveolus subspecies attends the same types of habitat, that is to say, curtains of trees dominated by red rubber trees along the river.
To feed, move away from rivers and raid agricultural land, flooded Plains, or thickets ยซMalleeยซ.
Adults are sedentary. Usually, they live in pairs or in small groups. On the other hand, juveniles and subadults form noisy groups and many roam locally when leaving dormitory at sunrise.
Its main activity is carried out in the morning and in the evening. in the middle of the day, they rest in the shady foliage. But, If the sky is overcast and the weather is cool, these birds are active during the day.
The Crimson Rosella they seek food on Earth, in trees and shrubs. They often feed in the company of the Eastern Rosella (Platycercus eximius), But if the joint working group is altered during its activity, the two species are separated in flight and taken opposite directions, each seeking refuge by his side.
The Crimson Rosella they are not very shy and can be approached at a very short distance.
In urban areas, they are particularly friendly.
Reproduction:
The breeding season covers the months of August to February and, sometimes even later.
The elegant parakeet build their nests on a branch or in the cavity of a tree trunk. Usually, Choose a healthy or dead eucalyptus, but sometimes they install their nests in a place as strange as the metal beam of a construction crane.
In all cases, the nest is located high above the ground. Spawning usually includes 4 to 7 white eggs, rarely 8, which are incubated during approximately 19 days.
The female incubates the eggs alone, but the chicks receive equal attention from both parents.
The nesting cycle is quite long and it takes around 5 weeks
Food:
The Crimson Rosella they have a mainly vegetarian mixed diet. Consume the seeds of black Cypress of Australia (Callitris endlicheri), figs, seeds of acacia and eucalyptus.
The vegetable part of its menu is complemented by a wide variety of imported plants such as Rosa rubiginosa, clover or chickweed (Stellaria media).
In the South of its range, they eat the fruits or flowers trees of Melaleuca, banksia and casuarina.
Insects are not forgotten in your menu: Hemiptera, psyllids, termites, aphids and larvae of beetles.
These parrots times behave as true pests in orchards, eating apples, Plums, pears and quinces.
Distribution:
Confined to the coastal area of Eastern Australia where are widely distributed in the wooded areas along and East of the Great dividing range.
There is an isolated population in the North between the surrounding of Atherton, Northeast of Queensland, to the South of the mountain range of Clarke and Eungella (the population in Eungella It can also be isolated).
In Victoria extends from the East to the Grampian and the Edenhope district, where spills into the Southeast end of Australia, coming to Kingston at its western end.
There is also an isolated population in the Kangaroo Island.
The species is found in the wild around Sydney, Brisbane and Melbourne, and leaks from birds have been around Perth. There are records in the North of Tasmania and the islands of the bass strait, probably, also refer to birds Getaways.
It is common in the Norfolk Island where it was introduced in the century 19, but is absent in the vicinity of Nepean and Philip Island; an attempt to introduce the species in Lord Howe Island failed.
Was also introduced in New Zealand, showing in the West suburbs of Wellington, and some birds can also persist in the District of Dunedin of South Island where can hybridize with the introduced Perico conr.
The world's population is above 200.000. Moderate numbers in captivity.
The birds can be eradicated with a permit in States where the destruction of crops occurs.
โข Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern
โข Population Trend: Decreasing
The size of the world's population has not been quantified, Although it is estimated above 200.000 specimens.
The Crimson Rosella they are infrequent at both ends of its distribution area, but in other places, they are locally abundant and common.
In the North, they are slightly less numerous. In the past recent, they have colonized successfully parks and urban gardens, so now are very widespread in the suburbs of Canberra and Adelaide.
In the Norfolk Island, the import is so successful that they now represent a competition and a significant danger to the Red-crowned parakeet (Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae).
"Crimson Rosella" in captivity:
Moderately loud, very active, they are acclimatized to the owner. It is not usually compatible with other birds.
A sample of the subspecies subadelaidae lived 26,8 years in captivity Rare in captivity.
AnAge: The Animal Ageing and Longevity Database – Anagรฉ Database
Photos:
(1) – An adult Crimson Rosella (Platycercus elegans), Wilsons Promontory National Park, Victoria, Australia By JJ Harrison (jjharrison89@facebook.com) (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – A Crimson Rosella photographed though a window in the Blue Mountains, Australia By John Poulakis from Australia (Crimson RosellaUploaded by Snowmanradio) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Crimson Rosella (Platycercus elegans) photographed taken in Swifts Creek, Victoria, Australia Fir0002 [GFDL, CC-BY-SA-3.0 or GFDL 1.2], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – A Crimson Rosella in a bird bath Canberra, Australia By Duncan McCaskill (Picasa Web Albums) [CC BY 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Juvenile Crimson Rosella (Platycercus elegans) by David Cook – Flickr
(6) – An adult Crimson Rosella (Platycercus elegans) Jacques Barraband [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
The Bourke's Parrot(Neopsephotus bourkii) has frontal area white. The chin, lores and contour of the eyes they are also white and form a kind of orbital ring clear when seen from a distance.
The ear-coverts and upper cheeks they are dark brown with pink dots and specks. The pileum and the neck are greenish-Brown, with darker edges.
The upperparts are brown-grey color with pale edges on scapulars.
The rump and the top of the tail has darker tones, with some pale blue on the sides. The curvature of the wing is blue.
The small coverts are blue, the median they have light blue, the greater coverts they have a dark tint with yellow-white and blue pink.
The flight feather primaries and secondaries are mostly blue.
The underparts is blue.
The breast feathers are brown with pink ends, giving an appearance of general pinkish brown.
The abdomen is bright pink.
Thighs, lower flanks, side of the rump, under belly and lower area of the tail they have a light blue color. The upper part of the tail infiltrates with bluish-grey.
The bill is greyish black, no hook in upper jaw. The irises They are brown, legs grey-brown.
The female in General, the colors are off and the blue coloration is very little visible or is absent.
The youth they are equal to the female adult but more muted, with a pale band under the wings which is less pronounced in the male juvenile
For a long time, the Bourke's Parrot It was classified in the genus Neophema. A number of ornithologists, more and more, is of the opinion that this parakeet does not belong to this genus and species have been classified in a separate genus called Neopsephotus.
The Bourke's Parrot they are distributed among the driest inland areas.
They mark a strong preference for scattered areas of mulga (Acacia aneura) but does not disdain the plantations of eucalyptus. Can also be observed in plots along streams and afforestation of Callitris which are conifers belonging to the family of cypress.
Son nomads and slightly Twilight. These birds establish themselves in a territory and remain there for several years before disappearing completely.. The Bourke's Parrot they can be very sociable. During periods of drought, You can meet thousands around the water wells and springs.
During the months of summer, We can see them in the morning and in the evening around the ponds.
In Winter, these parakeets come to drink during the day in the company of species of doves such as the common bronze pigeon (Phaps chalcoptera). In places close to the drinking fountains, the Bourke's Parrot They fly in Group emitting loud cries and making whistling wings. But, These parakeets sometimes go unnoticed, they are able to rest or to eat ground in pairs or in small groups. They remain in silence on the floor or hide in the dead wood that serves as camouflage. There are more assets during the sunset.
Reproduction:
The Bourke's Parrot they usually reproduce in August to december, but the season can vary depending on rainfall. The courtship of this bird are similar to those of other species of Parrot Neophema. Males approach the female in upright position with outspread wings and tail.
The nest is located in one a tree cavity, between 1 and 3 meters above the ground. The laying is formed by between 3 and 6 eggs they are incubated during at least 18 days. There are often two broods in the season. The female leaves the nest only once a day in order to be replenished by the male.. The male is also in charge of mounted guard, patrolling and emitting calls in the vicinity of the nest, with the intention to deter intruders.
At birth, the chicks have a white marker, are altricial and remain in the nest for at least 4 weeks. They remain dependent on their parents during a week after feather.
Food:
The Bourke's Parrot they are almost exclusively vegetarian: they eat grass seeds, especially those that are dispersed by the wind. They also eat herbs collected in the soil and in the bushes. These parakeets also appreciate the fresh young shoots and seeds of Acacia or of Bassia, which are small shrubs belonging to the category of Chenopodium album.
Distribution:
Scattered through the interior of Australia, where are nomads but locally common.
The birds, to the This of the Montes Flinders You can isolate, since there are no records between 139ยบ and 140 ยฐE.
Apparently, the species has declined in the center of New South Wales due to overgrazing by cattle and rabbits, and is now mainly in the West, from the surroundings of Broken Hill, to paroo river; nomads, However, There have been more towards the This, in the surroundings of Narrandera in the South and the Lightning Ridge in the North.
The world population is considered to be more of 50.000 specimens.
The species is probably increasing in the west due to agricultural expansion including the provision of artificial irrigation sites..
Conservation:
โข Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern
โข Population Trend: Growing
It is estimated one population superior to the 50 000 individuals.
In the western part of its range, the numbers are growing, probably due to the development of agriculture and the installation of new irrigation areas. The reason for its development can also be found in the reduction of sheep farming and the replacement of saline areas with grass..
"Bourke's Parrot" in captivity:
The Bourke's Parrot they are very good birds for beginners amateurs, easy-to-play.
It is a bird peaceful, silent and that it is active only in the first and last hours of the day. Son calm and confident by nature and easy to maintain. It has almost no cravings for crack and your bathroom need depends on the individual. A dry climate supports well, but it is sensitive to cold and wet fog.
Les gusta estar en tierra firme y son susceptibles a la infecciรณn por gusanos, tambiรฉn son susceptibles a infecciones oculares.
With regard to its longevity, according to sources, a sample lived 12,6 years in captivity. In captivity, estos animales pueden criar, approximately, to the 2 years of age.
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World โ Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Photos:
(1) – Bourkeโs parrot (Neopsephotus bourkii) By Flickr user Jan Tik (Flickr) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Bourkeโs Parrot – Neopsephotus bourkii taken at the Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Gardens By Greg5030 (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Bourkeโs Parrot Neopsephotus bourkii. Wild pair at Bowra Station, near Cunamulla, Queensland, Australia By Bruce Kendall (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 or GFDL], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – A male Bourkeโs Parrot at the Flying High Bird Sanctuary, Apple Tree Creek, Queensland, Australia By paulgear (Picasa Web Albums) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Neopsephotus bourkii (formally placed in genus Neophema) By Jan Tik (originally posted to Flickr as Hitchhiker) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – By T.H. Maguire (1821โ1895) (http://www.birdresearch.dk/dk/jgould.htm) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
32 cm. medium length and a weight between 300 and 400 g..
The Cape Parrot(Poicephalus robustus) has the head, neck and throat between olive brown and olive yellow, with darker spots (almost black in some birds), especially in the crown; lores and cheeks blackish; pale red frontal band, is present, occasionally, in males (generally evident in females).
The mantle feathers and scapulars dark green opaque, bright green-edged; rump bright green.
Coverts on the leading edges of the wings, Since the carpal joints at the base of the primaries, bright orange red; upper wing coverts, dark green to black, with lighter green edges; below, the feathers of the wings blackish and green. The primaries and secondaries black top, dark brown below. High area of the chest, stomach and vent, bright green; the thighs orange red glossy. Upper, the tail black; undertail, dark brown.
Some birds (around the 10%) have feathers yellow in the plumage spread.
Bill color horn; irises dark brown to reddish brown; legs bluish grey.
The females, generally (Although not always), they have well defined orange red frontal band.
The youth lack of color marks orange red envelope the wing-coverts and the thighs, but tend to show a bit of red in the forecrown.
In a study initiated in 1992, the taxonomic status of Lorito was revised Robusto (Poicephalus robustus) (Gmelin), and two species were proposed; Poicephalus robustus, restricted to montane forests of southern Africa, Poicephalus fuscicollis suahelicus, with wider distribution in wooded areas, and Poicephalus fuscicollis fuscicollis, similar to the Poicephalus fuscicollis suahelicus ostensibly, but with discontinuous, restricted to a narrow range of forests and West Africa.
(Reichenow, 1898) – Of larger size the species nominal, the male has the head and the neck a silvery gray and lacks the reddish frontal band. The female has orange colouring in the the thighs and in the shoulders and in the cere, while the male not. Blue tint in the rump.
Poicephalus robustus fuscicollis
(Kuhl, 1820) – The smaller subspecies. With more blue tones, especially in rump and bottom of the back.
Habitat:
They live in a variety of forest types, including Red Mangroves (Rhizophora mangle) (for example, in Gambia), riparian forests (for example in Ghana, Zimbabwe), Savanna Woods (for example, Nigeria, Ivory Coast), in montane forests at altitudes of 3,750m (for example, east of Zaire), in lowland forests (for example, South Zaire).
The birds of the Southern Africa they have favoritism by the Acacia mearnsii and Podocarpus forests at altitudes between 1.000 and 1,700 m, separating attitudinally and ecologically in the subspecies suahelicus, It occurs in lowland forests.
The birds of the Southern Africa (also perhaps other species) they form communal roosts before spreading to power remote areas (until 90 km) in small flocks.
Sometimes seen separately but more usually found in groups of up to 20 birds (sometimes 50). It forms mixed flocks with peers.
The season of breeding varies with locality. In Gambia, reportedly, breeding takes place between the months of February and April, While in Zimbabwe It is estimated to be between the months of March to June, and between October and November. In South Africa, breeding takes place in June and between August and October.
The laying tends to be of 3 to 4 eggs.
During the courtship the male feeds the female making exaggerated turns his head and dropping their wings to form a kind of layer around the lower half of your body. The pair shows a strong union ties and they spend much time grooming each other.
Food:
In Zimbabwe, In addition to daily trips in search of food, seasonal movements are performed in search of Uapaca and fruits of Sysygium.
Has been feeding of millet in Zimbabwe and Malawi, of peanuts harvested in Gambia and, occasionally, visiting gardens of Apple trees, but numerous enough to be considered a plague serious nowhere.
The birds of the Southern Africa feed almost exclusively on fruit of the Podocarpus, long as they are available.
Use the peak to climb between the branches when they feed in the trees; They also feed on the ground. The Cape Parrot make daily trips to secret locations for drinking water.
Distribution:
Probably occupy three zones separated, in the West, South-Central and South of Africa.
In West Africa, are from Gambia and South of Senegal to the East of Ghana and Togo.
In the Center-South of Africa, from the southwest of Congo, South and East of Zaire, Southwest of Uganda, Rwanda and from the center of Tanzania to the North of Namibia, North of Botswana, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
Flocks of foraging roam unpredictably and can remain away from traditional sites for weeks. Sometimes they make seasonal movements in relation to the availability of food, for example, in the northern savannas of Ghana.
Local and mostly uncommon across the range, Although more numerous and frequent in Ghana.
(Reichenow, 1898) – Are distributed by the center of Angola; Southeast of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda and South of Tanzania until Zimbabwe, North of Mozambique, and far northeast of South Africa; in populations along the lower Congo River the three subspecies can mix.
Poicephalus robustus fuscicollis
(Kuhl, 1820) – Are distributed from the South of the Senegal and Gambia to the North of Ghana
In 1988 included for the first time in the red list of threatened species by the IUCN as least concern species.
The size of its current population is estimated at less than 1.600 birds in their natural habitat.
Why not join this parrot species in critical hazard is due to the subspecies of this they comprise an area of diffusion much greater than that of the nominal species, whereupon, This leads to a growth in the population of subspecies and the decrease of the nominal species. The subspecies occupy all the Central Africa and Western, while the Poicephalus robustus only lives in some provinces of South Africa as they are Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal and Limpopo.
Over time the Poicephalus robustus, they have drastically dropped its population due to the uncontrolled felling of the forests of Sandalwood to manufacture furniture. Thus reaching that there is only two percent of the forest of Sandalwood.
Diffusion area of Poicephalus fuscicollis and Poicephalus robustus
In captive the Cape Parrot it is found in small quantities by several countries of Europe and without many successful breeding advances, so the first objective to preserve the nominal species is to control the logging of forests, Since the Cape Parrot they have to travel many miles to feed, as there is no food have to descend to feed from the crop fields where many die because they are hunted by the owners of the fields. Forests are also needed in the life of the Poicephalus robustus since they nest in cavities of the trees, they feed on.
The legal and illegal trade It is another point to be highlighted in the conservation of this species. Since 1998 the countries with the most legal exports have been Tanzania, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Ivory Coast. What makes think that the nominal species It has been the least affected in the terms of trade while the subspecies they have been the most affected and the most marketed. This can be known by looking at the area of diffusion of the subspecies and the countries with the most exports made..
The diseases they are also a major threat, above all in the nominal species. The disease of PBFD or beak and feather disease (Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease virus) is that more deaths has caused to the Poicephalus robustus.
"Cape Parrot" in captivity:
It is very similar in nature to the Grey Parrot.
Its capacity for imitation is still little known since, for years, has been very difficult to get in poultry farming.
Not advisable to keep mixed aviaries. Son quiet and depending on their way of breeding (natural or by hand) and previous experiences, they can be quite confident and curious, even without being hand reared do not usually take to commit themselves. As pets they are very Welcome to, Smart and affectionate, with a very good character.
Captive breeding of this species may be the last hope of saving it from total extinction.. The number of specimens in captivity is low, but enough, If handled properly to strengthen the species.
In terms of their longevity, according to sources, a Cape Parrot lived 29,7 years in captivity. In captivity, These birds can be raised from the 5 years of age.
Alternative names:
– Cape Parrot, Brown necked Parrot, Brown-necked Parrot, Cape or Brown-necked Parrot, Gray-headed Parrot, Grey-headed Parrot (English).
– Perroquet ร cou brun, Perroquet du Cap, Perroquet du Cap ou P. ร cou brun, Perroquet robuste (French).
– Graukopfpapage, Kap Papagei, Kappapagei (German).
– Papagaio-de-bico-grosso (Portuguese).
– Lorito Robusto, Loro de El Cabo, Lorito del Cabo (espaรฑol).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World โ Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Wikipedia
– Loromania
– Mundoexotics
– Photos:
(1) – To Brown-necked Parrot at Jurong Bird Park, Singapore By Peter so [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Cape Parrot en Benvie, Karkloof, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa By Alan Manson [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Youth, captive, friendly Poicephalus robustus fuscicollis by Bob Corrigan – Flickr
(4) – Male Cape parrot (Poicephalus robustus). Image credit: Cyril Laubscher – SCI-news.com
(5) – Cape parrot flying low over to wild plum tree. Africa's most endangered parrot like never before... (Rodnick Biljon) – nationalgeographic
(6) – Diffusion area of Poicephalus fuscicollis and Poicephalus robustus By Juan Caparrรณs (Own work) [GFDL or CC BY-SA 4.0-3.0-2.5-2.0-1.0], via Wikimedia Commons
The Black-collared Lovebird(Agapornis swindernianus) has the forecrown, the lores and crown emerald green. Narrow black band at the nape, behind yellow lined. Mantle and scapulars green; rump and coverts bright blue. Upperwing-coverts green. Flight feathers Blackish with vane Green external on the upper face. Underwing-coverts emerald green.
The underparts pale green pretty boring, particularly on chest; flanks brightest. Central feathers of the tail, large black hand with green tips; other red at the base, green tips with broad black subterminal band.
Bill greyish black; irises yellow; legs Dark yellow green.
Both sexes similar.
The immature they are like adult, but without the nuchal collar. The Green head, the Blue rump and red tail, colors are duller than adults. Iris brown. beak pale gray with black spot at the base.
Subspecies description:
Agapornis swindernianus emini (Neumann, 1908) – Of 13 cm length. The collar is red and black and is narrower, It does not extend to the beginning of chest.
Agapornis swindernianus swindernianus (Kuhl, 1820) – The species nominal
Agapornis swindernianus zenkeri (Reichenow, 1895) – Of 13 cm.. length. Under the black band it has reddish coloration extends to the chest diluted.
Habitat "inseparable acoloado":
The Black-collared Lovebird They inhabit lowland tropical evergreen forests, both primary and secondary, generally below the 700 m. although some reports indicate sightings 1.800 metres in Uganda.
Visits occasionally cultivated land. In general, in small flocks (until 20 birds), sometimes in larger groups during the dry season.
It is a bird, generally, arboreal; frequent the treetops, where they can be very difficult to detect when they remain silent.
Forman communal roosts in their favorite places.
"Inseparable acoloado" reproduction:
Reproduction of this species is, to a great extent, unknown; They have been observed in arboreal termite nests and it is suspected that breeding in the northern basin of the congo river It is in July.
"Inseparable acoloado" food:
Their main food is, apparently, seeds Ficus, extracted from its fruits, in mature forests, light areas near the forest and trees growing areas around the villages; They also take millet, corn and other seeds, as well as insects and their larvae.
birds in the distrito de Ituri, Democratic Republic of the Congo, feeding were observed in the rice crops and Sesame.
"Agapornis swindernianus" distribution:
The Black-collared Lovebird they are endemic in West Africa center in at least two (possibly three or four) separate populations.
In West Central Africa Its distribution extends from southern Cameroon south on Gabon and east to the north Congo river and extreme southwestern Central African Republic.
You can also see from the basin Congo river in West Uganda.
Subspecies distribution:
Agapornis swindernianus emini (Neumann, 1908) – Spread across the center and east of Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west end of Uganda.
Agapornis swindernianus swindernianus (Kuhl, 1820) – The species nominal
Agapornis swindernianus zenkeri (Reichenow, 1895) – Distributed in southern Cameroon and eastern Gabon to the southwest of Central African Republic and West Democratic Republic of the Congo.
The size of the world population Black-collared Lovebird It has not been quantified, but the species, according to sources, It is considered rare in Ghana and probably confined to forest reserves. Described as common in Gabon and Democratic Republic of the Congo and reasonably common in lowlands in Bwamba of Uganda.
The population is suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence of any reduction or substantial threats.
As a curiosity, emphasize that governments Liberia and Uganda stamps have been printed with his image.
The Inseparable Vireo in captivity:
Probably It not kept out of their range; some captured birds died after a few days or weeks; No further information is available.
As with any other pet, it is essential to ensure that the birds one is about to purchase have been captive bred and not wild caught. In addition to conservation and ethical reasons, trapped wild animals are more likely to get sick and die.
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World โ Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Photos:
(1) – Black-collared lovebird, the great unknown – fischospi
(2) – A painting of a Black-collared Lovebird (originally captioned ยซPsittacula swinderniana. Swindernโs Parakeetยป) by Edward Lear (1812-1888) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
โท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians
The Spix's Macaw(Cyanopsitta spixii) has various shades of blue. The head is pale-blue, the wings and tail dark blue. The underside of wings and the tail are black. They have a naked skin in the face grey / Black which sometimes fades to white and white when they are underage.
Bill is completely black, except in the youth having a clean white stripe in the center of the bill. The white band of the bill and the white skin of the face of the youth disappears after 6 months.
The legs are pale grey when they are juveniles, being dark grey, almost black when they are of adults.
The eyes they are dark in the youth, but they fade to white when mature birds.
Information on the natural ecology and behavior of these birds is limited., now that research not started until they were nothing more than 3 known birds those that lived in the wild.
But, there are records in which they are associated with gallery forests dominated by Tabebuia seasonal streams to grow along (streams) in the area caatinga (Thorn scrub semiarid community).
There are reports of the Spix's Macaw inhabiting sheets closed or more common in caatinga habitats (that is to say, that they do not have trees Tabebuia caraiba). Opinions that the species is ecologically linked with palms Mauritia flexuosa left without support and, in view of the wide availability of these habitats, seems totally unlikely.
When a few birds were discovered in 1980, These showed a strong herding behavior. These and the remaining birds, showed strong habitual features, using for example, hangers in the bare branches at the top of the tall trees, making particles and daily flight routes to nesting sites (one of those places, according to reports, was used continuously during 50 years), the last Spix's Macaw which data have, they were strongly linked with the Blue-winged Macaw.
According to reports, sometimes, obsrvados sleeping on top of a cactus, for example, of the species Cereus squamosus.
Reproduction:
In the wild, the Spix's Macaw They nest in tree hollows, most frequently in Tabebuia caraiba mature, at least to several meters above the ground.
the brood, in general, is between the months of November-March may vary in relation to the calendar and the intensity of the rains.
The intercourse lasts usually between 2 and 3 minutes and is done with two birds staying together on a perch with one of the legs of the male (usually right) mounted on the rear of the rump of the female.
It is believed that the normal clutch size in the wild had three eggs. But, in captivity the most common clutch size is four and can range from one to seven. An average egg is of 40 mm x 30 mm and weighs some 20 g.. They lay an egg oval-shaped and white.
The incubation period is of 25-28 days and only the female performs incubation tasks. The females are fed by the male, both within the nest, and outside the nest. The chicks hatch mostly naked with a small amount of cover at the bottom. The emplumamiento occurs in approximately 70 days and captive birds, bred by hand, they tend to become independent between the 100 and 130 days.
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 50 km2
The Spix's Macaw they were endemic in the northeast of Brazil, mainly in the State of Bay, but also from Pernambuco. There they lived in a large expanse of semi-arid territory known as the Caatinga. Within the Caatinga There are micro-habitats, one of which – the Caraibeira Riparian Woodland, was the home of the Spix's Macaw. This particular habitat area is located near a small, charming town called Curaca, conveniently located along somewhere in the san francisco river. One of the tributaries that feed to the san francisco river is the Melancia Creek and it is through this waterway, where can I find the ancient habitat of the Spix's Macaw.
The Caraibeira (Tabebuia caraiba) It is the dominant tree species occurring along the banks of the Melancia Creek; It was also the most important tree species for the Spix's Macaw, Since it provided nesting hollows, shelter and food for the species.
Possibly previously ranged in one much larger Northeastern area of Brazil, that covers much of the region of the ‘Gerais‘ including the South of maranhรฃo, to the northeast of Goiรกs, Southwest of Piauรญ and North of Bay, but reports from some of these areas are apparently based on finger-pointing and even erroneous information provided by bird hunters.
Conservation:
โข Current Red List of UICN: Critical Hazard – Possibly extinct in the wild
โข Population trend: Unknown
The Spix's Macaw It may not be the largest or most colourful species of macaws but is the Parrot with more critically endangered in the world, no known wild specimens(UICN, 2004).
While this species exists captive in various populations, the last known individual in the wild disappeared in late 2000, mainly as a result of the capture for the bird trade Wild addition by the habitat loss. But, cannot yet be presumed extinct in the wild until all potential areas of habitat have been thoroughly reviewed.
Any remaining population is likely to be small, and for these reasons the Spix's Macaw It is treated as a species in critical hazard (possibly extinct in the wild).
– CITES Appendix I, protected by the Brazilian legislation.
– Ten years of protection, the restoration of the habitat and a variety of community-based conservation in course programmes, they will pave the way for future reintroductions (Y. de Melo Barros in litt., 1999, 2000, Caparroz et to the. 2001).
– IBAMA It established the Permanent Committee of the Brazilian Government for the recovery of the Spix's Macaw and cooperation between the holders of birds resulted in annual increments in the captive population.
– This body is succeeded by the Working Group for the recovery of the Spix's macaw (Me and Melo Barros 2006), now supervised by the Chico Mendes biodiversity conservation Institute (ICMBio). This group is responsible for coordinating the captive breeding program, having reintroduction facilities in place later followed by breeding facilities.
– The official captive population totaled 80 individuals in 2012, currently being these important proportions in the hands of Al - Wabra Wildlife Preservation (AWWP) in Qatar and Fundaciรณn Loro Parque (LPF) in Tenerife, Spain.
– Other official media are found in Brazil and Germany.
– Including the birds that have not been registered by the official program, It is believed that more than 90 Spix's macaw can exist in captivity around the world.
– Breeding success has occurred within some registered facilities, including AWWP and LPF. The latter has maintained the species since 1984 and in 2007 a new breeding center was opened for the Spix's macaws (Anon 2008a).
– AWWP raised successfully five chicks in 2012 and seven in 2013 (Gillespie 2014).
– In 2013 and 2014, females in the captive-breeding population in AWWP they were artificially inseminated, an egg-laying take place successfully (Anon 2015, Tomiska 2015).
– Management and recovery of the species in captivity is in preparation for this species.
– In February of 2009 To the Wabra Wildlife Preservation announced the purchase of the 2.200 acres of the Concord Farm in the State of Bay, Brazil, the site has one of the last recorded sightings of Spix's Macaw Wild, in October of 2000 (To Wabra Wildlife Preservation undated).
– Concord Farm It was also the basis of the field project of the Spix's Macaw, funded largely by the LPF, that operated in whole decade of 1990 until the completion in 2002, and the site for the release of the only prisoner of Spix's Macaw missing by returning to their natural habitat, in 1995.
– Concord Farm borders with the 400 acres of the Gangorra Farm, previously acquired by a consortium of conservation.
– Intended to allow that both farms can return to a more natural state by removing domestic cattle, in order to, long-term, the place can be a valuable habitat for the future restoration of a wild population of Spix's Macaw.
Conservation Actions Proposed:
– Identify a release site suitable for the annual potential release of birds bred in captivity from between 2013 and 2030 based on the success of captive breeding efforts (Me and Melo Barros 2006).
– Continue to develop artificial reproduction techniques to increase the population.
– Protect and enhance the habitat at the site of release identified (Me and Melo Barros 2006).
– Establish a well equipped facility in place of reintroduction in Praia do Forte under property IBAMA (Me and Melo Barros 2006).
– Introduce chicks bred in captivity and ensure its protection of trappers.
– Continue the cooperation between the holders of captive birds.
– Continue ecological studies to assess the need for habitat management (Snyder et to the., 2000).
– Continue the community programs.
"Spix's Macaw" in captivity:
Some suggest that there may be up to 120 These beautiful birds in private collections – the exact number is unknown. But, what is certain is that these last Spix's macaws survivors are among the most valuable and protected birds in the world.
Its longevity is estimated between 20-30 years in the nature and 20-40 years in captivity. Latest Spix's Macaw known wild had at least 20 years of age, at the time of his disappearance. There are two Spix's macaws in captivity who were born in 1976 and these are the Macaws oldest registered species.
Alternative names:
– Spix’s Macaw, Little Blue Macaw (English).
– Ara de Spix (French).
– Spixara, Spix Ara, Spix-Ara (German).
– Ararinha-azul (Portuguese).
– Ararinha-azul (Portuguese (Brazil)).
– Guacamayo de Spix, Maracanรก Azul (espaรฑol).
Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
Birdlife
TO THE WABRA WILDLIFE PRESERVATION
Photos:
(1) – A Spix's Macaw in Vogelpark Walsrode, Walsrode, Germany in about 1980 By Rรผdiger Stehn from Kiel, Deutschland (71 Spix-Ara) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – A juvenile in captivity. Note white stripe along top of beak and pale-grey bare facial skin By The original uploader was Robert01 at German Wikipedia(Original text: Robert01) (Self-photographed) [CC BY-SA 2.0 of], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Exhibit in Museum of Natural History, Berlin, Germany. Photography was permitted in the museum without restriction By Daderot (Own work) [CC0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – guacamayo de Spix (Cyanopsitta spixii) por Lycaon – Fauna extinta recientemente, redescubierta, nuevas especies – ellinceiberico
(5) – Cyanopsitta spixii – Parrot-birds
(6) – An 1878 painting of an adult by Joseph Smit [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
The Thick-billed Parrot(Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha) has the forecrown, the lores and a large swath in the region supercilii, bright Scarlet Red; a small patch of feathers brown in color lores, directly in front of the eyes; the crown, the cheeks and the sides of the neck are green with yellow tinge. The upperparts Green tinged indistinct tone olive in scapulars.
Upperwing-coverts Green with red feathers in the region where bend the wings. The flight feather of color green for over, with blackish tips and margins to the vane inner, grey below. Large infra-wing coverts Yellow, other coverts green.
Underparts Green with red on the the thighs. Upper, the tail green; gray at the bottom.
The bill black; bare orbital skin yellowish white; irises yellow-orange; legs grey.
Both sexes similar.
Immature with the bill color horn, greyish the bare orbital skin, and no Scarlet feathers behind the eye or red in the region where bend the wings.
The Thick-billed Parrot is often treated as the same species as the Maroon-fronted Parrot.
It inhabits in Highlands with mature pine forests or pine forests with other conifers of the genus Pseudotsuga, malls Populus and/or trees of the genus Quercus, in areas isolated and often rugged, sometimes are also observed in towns of lowlands.
They are mostly distributed at altitudes between 1,500 and 3,000 m, breeding generally at heights between 2,000 and 3,000 m.
Its preference they are areas with Pinus arizonica and Pinus ayacahuite. In general, observed in flocks. They rest in large groups on inaccessible cliffs or trees with dense foliage. Diurnal movements of up 40 km between resting areas and feeding.
Long-lived and gregarious, they form social groups; because of this, over time the Thick-billed Parrot they return to visit forests which are of your choice.
Reproduction:
Nest in the cavities of trees, usually pine, but also, according to sources, in trees of the species Populus tremuloides and Pseudotsuga taxifolia; usually in trees partially dead or alive, with small holes excavated, for example, by woodpeckers as the Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus) or caused by fungal decomposition in the Heartwood wood; sometimes very together (in the same tree) When there is available room, Although generally scattered.
The breeding season coincides with the ripening of the pine seeds; birds, usually, They arrive at the breeding area between the months of April and May, carrying out the mid June to end of July update. The young begin to leave the nest from early September to late October, after 59 – 65 days, depending on their parents for a period of time after fledging.
Clutch of 2 to 4 eggs, generally three, Perhaps variable with the size of the harvest of pine seeds. The care of the eggs during incubation is carried out by the female and the care of the young is biparental..
Food:
Diet Thick-billed Parrot It is mainly composed of pine seeds (including the of the Pinus teocote and of the Pinus leiophylla) extracted from the cones with its powerful beak; They also feed, according to sources, of seeds and sprouts coniferous Pseudotsuga, fruits of the American black cherry (Prunus serotina) and acorns.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 67.100 km2
The distribution Master of the Thick-billed Parrot lies between the West and centre of Mexico, with sporadic movements towards the North and towards South.
Like other bird specialists in pine seeds, the Thick-billed Parrot wanders widely after playback, sporadically to South-West of Mexico in Jalisco, Colima and Michoacรกn, previously to the East up to Veracruz (Although these records are possibly involved the Maroon-fronted Parrot – Rhynchopsitta in terris) and, possibly, Coahuila de Zaragoza.
Formerly it was a sporadic visitor, and possibly resided and lesson in Arizona (especially in the mountains of Chiricahua, in the South) and in New Mexico, EE.UU, Although since the beginning of the century 20 no large-scale visits have been observed and the latest reproductive data in the area date from the 1938.
The presence of the Thick-billed Parrot is determined by the availability of pine seeds; the core of your playback area It seems to be the most constantly occupied area.
The decrease important in your population during the century 20 as a result ,mainly, of the loss and degradation of habitat, with the absence of these birds where the large pines were cut down, mainly by forestry. The loss of birds in EE.UU. was attributable to the hunt, but his presence there, probably, It was only in the short term, When were feeding conditions unusually favorable (or on the contrary very unfavorable in Mexico).
The recent threats in Mexico they are the trade in live birds and the continuous loss of habitat for livestock, as well as logging (the loss of old trees for nesting is a major problem that puts this species at a higher risk than the of the Maroon-fronted Parrot, when the latter uses the cliffs to build their nests).
Confiscated and captive-bred birds were released in Arizona at the end of the Decade of 1960, with the first successful reproduction in EE.UU. shortly after, although unfortunately the birds have mostly disappeared from that area.
โข Red List category of the UICN current: In danger of extinction
โข Population trend: Decreasing
The thick-billed Parrot is found in danger of extinction due to the destruction of nesting habitat, as well as his commercial exploitation, the decrease of population who have suffered these parrots is very evident to those that, long overdue, They inhabit the timber areas of Chihuahua and Durango (Lanning and Shiflett, 1981).
The commercial logging of pine living for wood, as well as standing dead trees to obtain their pulp, they are ending with a lot of nesting sites effective and potential for these birds (Lanning and Shiflett, 1983).
The trade of the parrots seemed to be minimal until the 1980s (Lanning and Shiflett, 1981), However, It is estimated that during 1985 and 1986 between several hundred and even thousands of parrots were illegally trafficked to the United States of America (Snyder & Wallace, 1988).
To reduce these threats the species and its habitat, There are legal instruments such as the vedas and provisions in the Law-General ecological balance and environmental protection (LGEEPA) and General wildlife law (LGVS); as well as the Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2001 that lists the species of Mexican wild flora and fauna under some risk category and the inclusion and modification mechanisms.
The size of the population of the Thick-billed Parrot It is estimated between 2000-2800 mature individuals.
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World โ Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– National Commission of Natural Protected Areas
– Photos:
(1) – Two Thick-billed Parrots at Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, Tucson, Arizona, USA By Tim Lenz from Ithaca (Thick-billed ParrotsUploaded by Snowmanradio) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Thick-Billed Parrots at Twycross Zoo, Leicestershire, England By derivative work: Snowmanradio (talk)Rhynchopsitta_pachyrhyncha_-Twycross_Zoo-8.jpg: Paul Reynolds from UK [CC BY 2.0 or CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – An adult Thick-billed Parrot at Edinburgh Zoo, Scotland By Jenni Douglas from Edinburgh, Scotland (Thick billed ParrotUploaded by Snowmanradio) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – A Thick-billed Parrot at Cincinnati Zoo, USA By Rhynchopsitta_pachyrhyncha_-captive-8a.jpg: Jean from Shelbyville, KYderivative work: Snowmanradio [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Three adult Thick-billed Parrots in captivity in the USA By Joe Mazzola (LovebirdsUploaded by snowmanradio) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Thick-billed Parrot (Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha). Two parrots on a nestbox By Just chaos [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – Thick-billed Parrot Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha at Cincinnati Zoo By Ltshears (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 or GFDL], via Wikimedia Commons
(8) – A Thick-billed Parrot in captivity By Mark Dumont from Cincinnati, USA (Thick Billed ParrotUploaded by snowmanradio) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(9) – Thick-billed Parrot – Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha at Cincinnati Zoo By Ltshears (Own work) [CC BY 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(10) – Monographia Psittacorum By Wagler, Johann Georg [CC BY 2.0 or Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
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