The Geelvink Pygmy-Parrot(Micropsitta geelvinkiana) has 9 cm.. length between 13 and 17 g. of weight.
The coverts headphones are of color brown with fusion to blue-green in the part rear; crown purple-blue; Upperparts green, Middle coverts with centers of color blackish. The flight feather Black with narrow green borders in vane outer. The underparts Green Center of chest and belly ocher-yellow, more warm towards the part superior of the chest. Uppertail Yellow. Central feathers of the tail blue, Green Tips with yellow spots and black exterior.
The bill grey; irises of color red or brown orange; legs grey.
Female with less blue of the crown and underparts greenish yellow.
Immature with the bill mostly yellow in color and gray tipped.
: (Salvadori, 1876) – The male has the head Brown marks on the belly yellow and orange. Female with the crown blue and underparts greenish.
Habitat:
With distributes in lowland, secondary growth, cultivated areas with isolated trees, and around native gardens, until 300 meters or higher altitudes. The birds are found in groups of 4-5. and is them has seen associate it with other birds in them trees low of berries that accrued in the forest. very shy.
Reproduction:
They dig caves in termite tree in which to lay their eggs (also used for rest cavities at night), often close to the ground. The nesting It was observed from mid-June to August. Arndt He found two young in a nest which were visited by the female every two hours. The chamber was filled with dust from the termite mound and contained some broken egg shell and feathers.
Food:
Probably Lichen and fungi from the bark of the trees. As in other Meeki, crushed seeds were found in the stomach of a bird collected.
Distribution:
Size distribution (reproduction / resident): 2,500 km2
Are observed only in Numfor and Biak island, (Indonesian), up to about 300 meters above sea level. In 1991 It was thought that the global population was around of 10.000 and stable, but in 1997 searches for the species over a period of 12 days suggested that it was either rare or easily missed, with observations of a single day, sometimes only with sound contacts.
The size of the world population It has not been quantified; in 1991 It was estimated in approximately 10,000 specimens. The species is described as well distributed in good numbers in lowland primary and secondary forests. (pit et to the. 1997).
There are no data on population trends, but the species is suspected that it is decreasing at a rate of slow to moderate, due to loss of habitat.
"Geelvink Pygmy-Parrot" in captivity:
Not found in poultry farming.
Alternative names:
– Geelvink Pygmy-Parrot, Geelvink Bay Pygmy Parrot, Geelvink Pygmy Parrot (ingles).
– Micropsitte de Geelvink (French).
– Geelvinkspechtpapagei, Geelvink-Spechtpapagei (German).
– Micropsitta geelvinkiana (Portuguese).
– Microloro de Geelvink (español).
The head of the Yellowish-breasted Racquet-tail(Prioniturus flavicans) is bright green, brighter around the lores and the base of the bill.
The front of the crown is green, rest of bright blue with red spot in the center crown. Mantle ocher yellow, well delimited from the blue nape the green of the wings and back; Back and rump green. Wings green, with vane Dark internal to the flight feather and blue to primaries longer. green's Underwing coverts; underside of primaries marked dark blue.
Underparts brighter yellowish green, ocher yellow in the chest. Upper, the outer feathers of the tail green with black and turquoise tips on vane outside of the outer feathers; below, the tail dark colored, bathed in blue at the edges of the vane inner; spatulas blackish.
Bill horn; the dark brown irises; the gray legs.
Female less blue, no red dot on the crown, the underparts and the mantle, greener and rackets (a thin extension of the central tail feathers, almost as hair, It is ending with a more oval-shaped racket) shorter.
Found in the primary forest usually below the 1,000 m. But times may vary up to the 1.900 m. They are also observed in trees in cultivated areas.
Reproduction:
Little is known of their reproductive habits.
Food:
The birds they feed on the ground, among the plants of lowland and Hill forests, flocking often in fruit trees. They feed slowly along with other frugivorous birds..
Distribution:
Size of its range (breeding/resident ): 66.700 km2
Are distributed in the North of Sulawesi, Indonesian and on the Islands around, including Bangka, Lembeh and Togian. The species also, possibly, It is distributed in groups of Islands Sangir and Banggai. Although its population may be declining due to habitat loss and trade in birds, It is not considered threatened and is still, relatively, common on reserve Dumoga-Bone. It overlaps, although it is less common, with the Golden-mantled Racquet-tail.
Conservation:
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Near threatened
• Population trend: Decreasing
The population It has been estimated in the order of 45.000 individuals (Walker and Cahill 2000).
It is suspected that this species has diminished recently at a moderately fast pace, due to the continuing loss of forests.
Conservation Actions Proposed:
– Evaluate the threats to this species. Calculate loss of forests in the lowlands of the North of Sulawesi.
– Investigate the level of dependency of the forest habitats of the species.
– Protect effectively important tracts of forest right in key places, both in strict protection areas and in multiple use areas.
39-43 cm.. length between 195 and 275 g. of weight.
The Australian King-Parrot(Alisterus scapularis) is very similar to the Moluccan King-Parrot, but larger.
It has the head and bright Scarlet underparts, with the exception of the coverts black infracaudales, with large red tips. Narrow rear necklace with mixture of the dark blue to dark green of the mantle (mantle feathers fringed even darker); lower back and rump, dark blue. Pale necklaces, slightly greenish-blue, forming a distinctive 'brace'; green wing coverts, and green flight feathers with vane blackish internal. Under, feathers dark green bathed in blue wing. Upper, Black tail with a light blue bathroom in the vane external side feathers; undertail, black tail.
Bright coral red beak, with black tips; iris yellow ; grey legs.
Strong dimorphism in female, with the Crown and green upper parts (including supracaudales coverts and tail, but not the Croup which is a lighter blue than in males). The face and the chest are coloured green opaque with a reddish spread warm. Females may occasionally show some pale necklaces. The infracaudales coverts are green, very red-tipped. The Central tail feathers are green, the lateral blackish with narrow pink tips.
The peak is a blackish brown dark.
The immature birds are like females, but with a pale beak and dark iris.
Younger females are less red below. Males get the adult plumage during a slow change that starts around of the 16 months, and continue for others 14 to 15 months.
The Australian King-Parrot disperse, regularly, after the breeding season, in wooded areas, reaching altitudes of 1.625 m, Although rarely seen on top of the 1.200 m, from where come down to more open habitats; they have seen other apparently climate-related movements. They can travel moderate distance; a ringed bird was recovered to 270 kilometers from their place of origin.
During the breeding season, they are often found in dense forests (sclerophyllous forest wet), wooded streams and associated habitats, including more open eucalyptus forests and savannahs bordering riparian forests.
Outside the breeding season, they are in a wider variety of habitats, including the cultivated areas, parks, orchards and occasionally suburban gardens.
They are usually in pairs or small groups, although subsequent flocks of immatures may form groups of up to 50 or more birds. The Australian King-Parrot, often, they sit in a visible way on high exposed branches. When feed, However, the birds are still cautious and fairly quiet. They gather to feed early in the morning, sometimes in mixed groups with Rosella parakeets and other parrots. They remain silent during the hottest part of the day, to re-enable the afternoon.
Noisy flocks, often, they might be returning to the roosts at night.
Reproduction:
During courtship, males move head, the wings and inflate their feathers; the female responds with Wiggles head, and asking for food. The breeding season extends from September to February. The nest is a hollow in a tree dead or alive (often a large eucalyptus with hollow tips). The entrance of the nest is usually at a certain height. Between three and six (usually four) eggs are deposited in a deep hollow on a bed of wood dust. The female incubates alone during 20 days, with the male nearby to provide her with food.
The young remain in the nest during 5 weeks, after which they leave the nest and remain with their parents.
Food:
The diet consists of fruit, berries, nuts, seeds, insect larvae, flowers, outbreaks and other vegetable materials. The species is also fond of mistletoe VISCUM album, eucalyptus and acacia trees. It can cause damage in orchards and fields, usually in search of potato, corn and other crops.
When feed, They argue the food with their legs, and extract with its beak. If you bother, These parrots flying quickly to hide, but they can become tame in some inhabited areas.
Distribution:
The Australian King-Parrot is distributed along the East coast of Australia, in the interior of the western slopes of the Great dividing range, extending from Cooktown in the North of Queensland, to the South, the District of Atherton, then through Eungella, Blackall, MooNiE and in New South Wales, where it reaches inside approximately in Bingara, Mudgee and Albury. In Victoria is limited to the South-East, being Portland its southwestern border.
It is common in Canberra, especially during autumn and winter, and birds Getaways, occasionally seen in adelaide, along the murray river and in the West of Victoria.
The species can also be seen in Fraser, Stradbroke and Broughton Islands.
The world's population is considered that it is far superior to 50.000 specimens and stable, although they may have been affected by trade and to some degree habitat loss.
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern
• Population trend: Decreasing
The size of the world's population has not been quantified, Although it is estimated above 50,000 specimens.
The species, according to sources, is usually common, but may be declining due to deforestation and the destruction of their habitat in course (pit et to the. 1997).
"Australian King-Parrot" in captivity:
Fairly common in Australia, not so much in other places.
Sweet disposition, tame; will tolerate other species outside of breeding season.
Alternative names:
– Australian King-Parrot, Australian King Parrot, Blood Rosella, King Lory, King Parakeet, King Parrot, King-Red Lory, Queensland King-Parrot, Scarlet-and-Green Parrot, Southern King-Parrot, Spud Parrot (ingles).
– Perruche royale (French).
– Königssittich, Königsittich (German).
– Periquito-rei-australiano (Portuguese).
– Papagayo Australiano, Papagayo Real Australiano (español).
27 to 28 cm. length between 53 and 70 g. of weight.
The plumage of the Mulga Parrot(Psephotellus varius) It, in general, color bright green. A yellow band across the front and a variable red spot adorns the back of the crown. The abdomen and the thighs are yellow, more or less stained Red. The uppertail-coverts are bright green, with a reddish blotch at the base of the tail. The lower area of the back has a blue-green band bordered above and below with a dark bluish-green line;. The curvature of the wings are turquoise and the blankets they have a yellow-orange tone forming a patch on the wing. The central feathers of the tail are green bronze, changing to greenish-blue. The outer feathers of the tail are green-blue on the bottom and white on the tip. The bottom of the tail It has a pale blue base and a finish in black. The bill is dark gray. The irises They are brown, legs grey.
In the female, the head, the back and top of the chest a color is brownish olive. The feathers of the lower parts are light green. The headband orange-yellow is barely noticeable and, often dyed red bermejo. The place that adorns the back of the crown is opaque reddish. The patch of the wing
is red, not yellow as in the male.
The youth they are much more muted than their parents. Young females have small blankets green edged with red, giving the latter a scaly appearance. Among young males, the red in the abdomen and the thighs is practically missing.
The Mulga Parrot generally prefers dry open habitats and lightly wooded Plains, where can find a great variety of vegetation. Found in scrubland Mallee and, in plots of acacia, casuarina, and also in the regions where small trees of eucalyptus They punctuate the stretches of sand. They are also present in the rocky hills or rocky cliffs.
They survive in dry areas, but in these cases, often sit near sources or temporary streams. The Mulga Parrot they owe their English name (Mulga Parrot) the fact that his rank often coincides with areas of Mulga, It is the vernacular name of Aboriginal origin, It is used to describe the semi-arid vegetation that covers the largest part the Australian continent. Mulga It appoints to the extension of the ecosystem or landscape in which Acacia are the dominant vegetation type. This does not mean that this species is strictly dependent on this habitat type.
Unlike in the Red-rumped Parrot, the Mulga Parrot is a quiet and reserved bird. This species usually lives in pairs or small family groups, rarely in large flocks. Most of the time, looking for food on the ground, in the shade of the trees at the edge of a road.
They show a great familiarity and usually allow to photograph them at close range. When it manifests some distrust, They walk away a short distance, to a tree and then return to Earth as soon as the intruder has moved away. On the other hand, When it comes to drinking, they are very cautious, as well as when they rest in the treetops, where are trying to keep hidden.
Reproduction:
The nesting period is carried out between the months of July and December, but also at other times of the year, provided that is a rainy month. The processions are very similar to the of the Red-rumped Parrot (Psephotus haematonotus) and includes mutual grooming.
The nest It is often found in a cavity in a tree, However, They also use nests of others parakeets or other openings such as tunnels dug in riverbanks.
The nests of the Mulga Parrot they are often found in small stunted trees, at low altitude above the ground. But, places near rivers provide locations that are at a higher elevation.
The female incubated during 19 days, While the male mounts guard close to stock up your food partner and warn of possible dangers.
The chicks, they leave the nest four weeks after hatching. Immediately after take-off, they join adults to form family groups.
Food:
The Mulga Parrot they feed on grass seeds, acacia seeds, berries, mistletoe and fruits. They complement their menu with different varieties of insects.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 3.330.000 km2
Endemic to the southern part of the Australian continent. Its range covers the entire southern part of Western Australia, except the forest area of ​​south west. It continues throughout the Great Australian Bight, Southern Australia and reaching the state of Victoria. Ends in southeast New South Wales, but does not cross the Great dividing range and it kept at great distance from the coast. Despite the large size of its territory (more than 3 million square kilometers), the species is considered monotypic (no subspecies).
Conservation:
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern
• Population Trend: Decreasing
The Mulga Parrot they are widespread and relatively common in appropriate habitats.
Since the European colonization, the species appears to have changed its habitat significantly and is now more common in the grain belt in the desert.
The population, currently estimated at around 100.000 birds, It is slightly decreasing in the South due to the thinning areas of Mallee. In general, is not endangered. Classified by the IUCN as it does not present major problems.
"Mulga Parrot" in captivity:
It is in 1861 that the Mulga Parrot they arrived in Europe. The first specimen was exhibited to the public at the London Zoo. The first case of reproduction of this species dates back in the year 1876 in charge of the SR. Verviers in France. For a long time, These birds were known for being unreliable. That may be true, but the Mulga Parrot who are captives now in Europe support good climate, although they seem a little less solid than the Red-rumped Parrot (Psephotus haematonotus). It is possible that this is one of reasons why have been much less popular in aviaries that the Red-rumped Parrot.
Despite this, It is a parakeet can be advised to novice fans. The varied Perico often show minor differences in color and design. This is not anything unusual, This phenomenon is also known among the birds living in the wild. It is even possible to see the small differences in the same nest, If you look well.
These birds always in motion they are not suitable for being kept captive as pet birds in a small cage.
These are relatively strong birds, they withstand the cold relatively well, although they are sensitive to very low temperatures. They are birds peaceful and assets. Quickly show confidence to their caregiver. The sound of his voice is melodious. It is a bird that likes to raise. Like to be on the ground and, often spend their time grooming are. They also love to bathe. On the other hand, they are large rodents.
During the breeding season they are aggressive when in the company of other birds., even if it can be accommodated with conspecifics and other species of large birds, that will have no trouble, If the space in which birds are kept is large enough.
With regard to its longevity, a sample lived 11,8 years in captivity. In captivity, estas aves se han conocido casos de reproducción con 1 año de edad.
(1) – Mulga Parrot (Psephotus varius), Northern Territory, Australia By Christopher Watson (http://www.comebirdwatching.blogspot.com/) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – A male Mulga Parrot at Gluepot Reserve, South Australia, Australia. Male By David Cook Wildlife Photography from Wamboin, NSW, Australia [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Mulga Parrot (Psephotus varius) Currawinya NP, SW Queensland, Australia By Aviceda (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Mulga Parrot (Psephotus varius), Northern Territory, Australia By Christopher Watson (http://www.comebirdwatching.blogspot.com/) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – A male Mulga Parrot (also known as the Many-coloured Parrot at Wyperfeld National Park, Victoria, Australia By David Cook Wildlife Photography [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Parrots in captivity /. London :George Bell and Sons,1884-1887 [i.e. 1883-1888] – Flickr
Sounds: Marc Anderson (Xeno-canto)
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27 cm.. length and a weight between 50 and 113 g..
The Red-crowned parakeet(Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae) are, generally, a brilliant green hue (sometimes with some variable yellow marks), with one frontal band crimson, lores and a line through the eye that extends to the ear-coverts; centre of crown crimson, extending back to the top of the eyes, with an area supercilii green.
Upperparts bright green uniform, with a red patch on each side of the rump. Alula, primary coverts and vane outside of the primaries are blue-violet color. Primary emarginadas with thin yellow outer margins: vane outside of the secondaries greener.
Wing feathers green: stain pale in each internal network of secondaries they form a wing bar in some males.
The underparts usually more yellowish, Green clear. Upper, the tail green; undertail, dark grey.
The bill light bluish gray, black-tipped; irises red; legs Marron-grisaceo.
Female slightly smaller.
The young birds have queues shorter, a irises reddish brown clear and less distinctive markings on the head. The younger with a pink base in the bill.
(Oliver 1930) – Of 28 cm approximately. It is something more than the nominal, the green of the face is Emerald, the chest is somewhat more yellowish and the legs are dark gray.
Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae cyanurus
(Salvadori 1891) – Of 29 cm approximately. More than the nominal, the plumage is more yellowish and the flight feather more intense blue.
The habitat of the Red-crowned parakeet includes native forest in the continental part of New Zealand, scrublands in some outlying islands and land with abundant grass in the Antipodes Islands.
The species, generally, most opted for the edges of forests and open areas to the Yellow-crowned parakeet, and the regions where the two species coexist, is, generally, at lower altitudes.
The birds tend to locate their calls when they fly over or through the forest canopy. They are most often in pairs; couples tend to remain together throughout the year. But, large groups gather where food sources are abundant at any time of the year. Where is fresh water scarce, groups of birds also tend to congregate to drink in springs or leaks.
In the Kermadec Islands, flocks are formed for bathing in tidal pools and rest on a branch (probably in other places also).
The Red-crowned parakeet they feed actively on in the early hours of the morning, they rest and groom themselves for much of the day, and is power again during the afternoon.
Reproduction:
The nesting takes place between October and March, with most laying between the months of October and December. Between two and ten (usually between five and nine) white eggs form the implementation. The eggs are deposited in a hollow of tree clad wood shavings, Although you can also have other places of sunset, including cracks in the rocks, burrows in the ground, etc, as well as a variety of nest liners including feathers, MOSS and grass.
The birds are territorial in the vicinity of the nest and can use the same site repeatedly. The incubation is carried out by the female and hard of 18 to 20 days. The pups remain in the nest during 5 to 6 weeks and the male will help with food, either through female or directly, one week after the emplumamiento.
In large litters some less developed pups can be seen. Adults undergo a post-breeding moult..
Food:
They feed on, both the canopy and soil, a wide range of vegetables, fruit, seeds, leaves, outbreaks, berries, flowers and nectar; they have priority for the seeds fallen during the autumn and winter. The species also feeds on invertebrates, honeydew and, in the Kermadec, even, algae and small macaws (Scutellastra kermadecensis).
Distribution:
The Red-crowned parakeet are in New Zealand and in a series of adjacent and outlying island groups.
Before European colonization, the species was extended by continent, but in the Decade of 1890 the population began to decline as a result of the destruction of their habitat and predation by introduced cats and mustelids.
The population is, undoubtedly superior to the 15.000 specimens, although decreasing due to habitat loss and predation.
The hybridization with the Yellow-crowned parakeet (Cyanoramphus auriceps) It is also a problem in some populations.
The subspecies chathamensis is threatened, with a population of less than 1.000 specimens.
The subspecies cyanurus is still relatively common with about 10.000 individuals in Macauley. There are at least 4.000-5.000 birds in the Group of the Antipodes Islands.
captive birds they have been released in areas of Wairarapa and Waitakere. CITES Appendix I.
"Red-crowned parakeet" in captivity:
The Red-crowned parakeet are common in aviculture and is relatively easy to raise.
They can live in community with species of similar characteristics. It is usually outgoing, Active and depending on their way of breeding and previous experiences, You can be a confident Parrot, even being raised by their parents tends to be entrusted.
What pet He could be a good companion because of his way of being joyful and curious.
With regard to its longevity and according sources, one specimen was still alive after 12,4 years in captivity. It has been reported that these animals can live up to 36,5 years in captivity, but this has not been verified; the same study reported that these animals they can be played back to year of age in captivity.
Several color mutations they are available, including, yellow, the cinnamon and the overo.
Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
Birdlife
Parromania
Photos:
(1) – A Red-crowned Parakeet at Nga Manu Nature Reserve, Waikanae, New Zealand By Sid Mosdell from New Zealand (GreenUploaded by Snowmanradio) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – A Red-crowned Parakeet on Kapiti Island, New Zealand By Craig Nash from Northern Ireland [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Red-crowned Parakeet (Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae) at Queens Park Aviary By tewahipounamu [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Red-crowned Parakeet (Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae) in captivity at Auckland, New Zealand. Photographed on 11 November 2002 By Arthur Chapman [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae (Red-crowned Parakeet, Green) on Tiritiri Matangi Island, New Zealand. These parakeets are often seen foraging on the cabbage trees (Cordyline australis) on the island By Adammarklenny (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 or GFDL], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – A painting of a Red-crowned Parakeet (originally captioned «Platycercus pacificus. Pacific Parrakeet.») by Edward Lear 1812-1888 Edward Lear [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
Of 25 cm.. length and a weight between 130 and 150 g..
The Senegal Parrot(Poicephalus senegalus) has the forecrown, crown, lores and nape dark slate gray; clear the chin and cheeks; ear-coverts Silver. Mantle, scapulars and back bright green; rump and uppertail-coverts lighter with yellowish tint. Upper, the wing-coverts bright green ; secondaries and primaries of color Brown dark with edges green to them vane outer. Under, the wing-coverts Yellow. Throat grey, merging with the chest green (green lighter on the upper parts); low area chest and belly bright yellow with orange dye plant; the thighs green, undertail- coverts bright yellow. Tail greenish brown.
Bill grey: irises yellow with bare periophthalmic black; Chere blackish: Legs dark brown.
Sexes similar in plumage.
Immature generally paler than the adult with the head in brown tone off, has the ear-coverts Silver; sometimes extends the green on the bottoms shaped yellow patches on the flanks. Iris dark brown.
(Reichenow, 1910) – Similar to the species nominal, but with the green plumage paler and green color chest It is extending into the abdomen, the abdomen It is orange.
(Finsch, 1863) – Similar to the species nominal but the green color the mantle and wings is darker; the lower regions of chest and the abdomen are yellow orange to red in the middle of the abdomen.
Habitat:
The Senegal Parrot They are found in a variety of forest habitats ranging from open field with scattered and palm trees to the dense forests closed.
They are probably just below 1.000 meters above sea level.
Gregarious, at least outside the breeding period.
Usually they are seen in couples or groups of up to 20 birds, Larger groups can meet locally to exploit abundant food areas.
They perform diurnal movements and of longer duration in relation to the food supply;. Consequently, of the pobalación Senegal Parrot fluctuates widely in some areas.
Reproduction:
The Senegal Parrot usually they build a nest in the cavity of a tree branch (of Adansonia or Parkia), at a height of 10 m, sometimes more.
The breeding season It seems to vary depending on location. In the wetter areas, breeding season can be prolonged. In the region of Gambia and the rio Senegal, they have been egg production in the months of April, may, August and september, also from November to February. In drier areas (as Mali) the breeding season is probably limited by the rainy season (May to October).
They put of 2 to 4 eggs on alternate days and the period of incubation is of 25 to 28 days, female being fed by the male until hatching. The juveniles to leave the nest 9 weeks of age.
Food:
The diet of the Senegal Parrot It is composed of a variety of fruits, seeds and sprouts leaves.
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 3.590.000 km2
The Senegal Parrot they are endemic in West Africa. Since Guinea (including the The islands), Senegal, Gambia, South of Mauritania and South of Mali through forest-savanna mosaic of Ivory Coast. Burkina Faso, South of Niger, Ghana (also on the coast). Benin and Togo until Nigeria, Cameroon and Southwest Chad.
Partially sedentary but seasonal visitors in some areas (especially further north), for example, some birds move south on the niger river in Mali with the onset of the driest periods. In the rainy season visitantan Southern Mauritania and some movements Nigeria, with the driest north unemployed, off wet season.
Subspecies distribution:
Poicephalus senegalus mesotypus
(Reichenow, 1910) – East and Northeast Nigeria, South of Niger, North of Cameroon, southwest end Chad and possibly the extreme northwest Central African Republic.
The size of the world population Senegal Parrot It has not been quantified, but the species, according to sources, It is often abundant (pit et to the. 1997).
The population is suspected to be stable and may even benefit from the widespread loss of closed canopy forests in the West Africa.
This species has been heavily traded: 1994-2003, more than 410,000 wild individuals were exported from the range States (Trade Database, in October of 2005 UNEP-WCMC CITES). It is one of the most popular pet birds, since it is regarded as a quiet little bird in captivity. Due to the large amount of this kind traded, It was the subject of a review of significant trade of the CITES, in which it was classified as «possible concern» (Inskipp et al. 1988). However, and despite international exports of a large number of birds, trade seems to have not seriously affected this species in general, without significant decreases in reported national population.
EXPORTS:
• Guinea exported in the dates between 1994 and 2003 a few 164.817 specimens.
• Mali exported in the dates between 1994 and 2003 a few 60.742 specimens.
• Senegal exported in the dates between 1994 and 2003 a few 173.794 specimens.
• Liberia not considered diffusion area, however it is known that among 1999 and 2003 some were exported 4.860 specimens, thus becoming the fourth country with the most exports made of Africa.
"Senegal Parrot" in captivity:
The Senegal Parrot It, after the Grey Parrot(Psittacus erithacus), African parrot most traded and raised in captivity. You might say whole sentences and whistle songs. Thanks to its size it is considered a quiet pet and very manageable when it's raised hand (papillero). They are not noisy and create a very emotional bond with family members.
Imported adult birds are always reserved even when they spend a lot of time with their caretaker. Young, on the other hand, They are docile and affectionate, and then adapt to the people.
With regard to its longevity, according to sources, a specimen lived 40 years in captivity.
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Wikipedia
– Photos:
(1) – An adult Senegal Parrot at Artis Zoo, Amsterdam, Netherlands. The extent of yellow tends to indicate that it is probably a male By Arjan Haverkamp [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – An adult Senegal Parrot in Maspalomas, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, By Juan Emilio Spain from Las Palmas, Spain [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Poicephalus senegalus senegalus, the Senegal Parrot By Charlesjsharp (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 or GFDL], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – A pair of Senegal Parrots in a tree. One parrot (probably the male) is feeding the other (probably the female). Thomas J. Haslam, http://www.flickr.com/photos/tjhaslam/ On 24 February 2007, I took the photos for this montage at the birding site Technopole in Dakar, Senegal. Licensed to Wikipedia under CC-BY 2.5 and GFDL. Published to my Flickr account under the same license.
(5) – A juvenile Senegal Parrot By Brian Holsclaw (originally posted to Flickr as IMG_2807) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
The White-capped Parrot(Pionus seniloides)es fácilmente identificable por el «pico» yellow, head usually white, with the crown with reddish speckles, feathers of the nape and sides of the head with dark blue edges and red dyes which gives the appearance of flake.
Breast
with greenish blue edges, under belly and internal base tail red.
Iris of color Brown and legs gray-green.
The youth have crown and chest green, and green spots on the sides of the head and neck.
Note:
Previously he was treated as a subspecies of the species Pionus tumultuosus, that is to say, Pionus tumultuosus seniloides. A midyear 2014 it is considered as own species.
It is a kind Rare. It inhabits in humid jungle and edges, from the 1900 to 3000 m. It is mainly a species of temperate zone, but you can descend to lower elevations.
Like most highland parrots, the White-capped Parrot are rather nomads, widely wandering in search of fruits and seeds (now perhaps more as a result of extensive deforestation). Usually observed in flocks 3-25 birds, sometimes more. More active with grey weather, overcast skies. Difficult to see while feeding or resting in the upper canopy. Its silhouette in flight resembles a Amazona but with the beating of wings deepest.
Reproduction:
It nests in tree hollows.
Food:
Feeds of seeds, fruit of Turpinia paniculata and plants of the family Clusiaceae; sometimes in cornfields, causing damage to their crops.
Distribution:
Size of its range (reproduction / resident): 1.020.000 km2
Live west of Venezuela (from the border Trujillo–Lara) through the East of the Andes of Colombia (rare in the western Andes), and on both sides of the Andes in Ecuador and Northwest of Peru (west to Cajamarca and this, at least until Freedom)
Conservation:
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.
• Population trend: Decreasing.
Justification of the population
The size of the world population It has not been quantified, but this species is described as «quite common«, but irregular distribution (Stotz et to the., 1996).
Justification of trend
They suspected that the population is declining due to the continuous habitat destruction.
"White-capped Parrot" in captivity:
Rare in captivity. In Europe they arrived first at the beginning of the century 20 and then the early 70. In captivity, However, They were raised for the first time in the second half of the 80.
Alternative names:
– White-capped Parrot, Speckle-faced Parrot (White-capped), White-headed Parrot (English).
– Pione givrée (French).
– Greisenkopfpapagei, Glatzenkopfpapagei, Greisenkopf-Papagei (German).
– White-capped Parrot (Portuguese).
– Loro de Cabeza Blanca, Loro seniloide, Loro gorriblanco (español).
– Cotorra Cabeciblanca (Venezuela).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Parrot Book, Parrots and macaws Neotropical
– parrots.org
The Norfolk Island Parakeet(Cyanoramphus cookii) has a plumage bright green with reddish front, one red band extending through each eye; and light blue region in the leading edge of each wing
. Upperwing-coverts green. Primary coverts and outerweb of primaries violet blue. Underwing-coverts yellow-green. red spot on each side of the rump. Above, the tail dark green with yellow edges, under dark gray. Eyes red.
The sexes are similar in appearance. The females They are distinguished by their smaller size, less red in the forecrown, stains on the front of the crown, and bill smaller and narrower. The pups hatched are coated with a thin gray background.
The youth They are similar in appearance to adults, but the red is less extensive (Forshaw 1981; Higgins 1999). Juveniles have a bill distinctive color meat during the first 4 to 6 weeks after the flight (Forshaw 1981).
Taxonomic status:
This taxon is considered a subspecies of Cyanoramphus [novaezelandiae, erythrotis, subflavescens, hochstetteri, saisseti or cookii] (sensu lato) by some authors
Sound of the Norfolk Island Parakeet.
Habitat:
The Norfolk Island Parakeet It is found mainly in the rainforest remainder, although it can also be seen in other areas of the island (Garnett & Crowley 2000; Hicks & Greenwood 1989; Higgins 1999; J. Hicks pers. comm. quoted in Hill 2002).
It is considered sedentary (Higgins 1999). The species moves from the National Park Norfolk Island to orchards and gardens when fruit available (Hicks & Greenwood 1989; Higgins 1999). Most of the sightings of the Norfolk Island Parakeet outside the National Park Norfolk Island They are recorded in December and January (Lane et al., 1998).
Foraging occurs in all strata of vegetation (Higgins 1999), including in the forest canopy, on the floor, in disturbed habitats and habitats modified depending on food availability (Forshaw & Cooper 1989; Higgins 1999). It has been observed to Perico Norfolk, including youth, feeding on the ground during winter, eating fallen seeds and fruits of African olive, Pine Norfolk Island and red guava(Garnett & Crowley 2000; Higgins 1999; Lane et al., 1998; Ortiz-Catedral 2013).
The Norfolk Island Parakeet It gregarious, usually they are seen in pairs or in family groups (Higgins 1999) and flocks (C. Jones pers. comm. 2016). The species occurs as a single contiguous breeding population (Garnett et to the., 2011).
Reproduction:
The Norfolk Island Parakeet usually nest less than two meters above the ground, usually in a recess or cavity in the branch, trunk or stump living or dead trees, especially in larger native trees. This includes Nestegis apetala (ironwood), Blood Wood (Corymbia spp. / Eucalyptus spp.), Cordyline spp. and Araucaria heterophylla (Norfolk Island Pine) (Garnett et to the., 2011; Hicks & Greenwood 1989; Higgins 1999; Lane et al., 1998). The species has occasionally been observed nesting in holes in the ground created by rotting pine roots. (C. Jones pers. comm. 2016).
Usually it perches in hidden areas with thick vegetation, including treeholes, epiphytes, tussocks, sedges and ferns. The species often perches on nesting sites (Higgins 1999). Inexperienced chicks often roost in exposed sites (Higgins 1999).
The reproduction It occurs throughout the year, peaking from December to March (Greenwood et al., 1989; Hicks & Preece 1991). The females. hatch eggs and are very reluctant to leave their nests during this time (P. Stevenson com. pers. quoted in Hill 2002). The incubation hard 21 days (Hicks & Preece 1991). When the chicks reach about two weeks old, the female can leave to start a new nest (Greenwood 1993). Norfolk Parakeets can have multiple clutches and give birth successfully up to four times a year., with males and females sharing the care of the young (R. Ward com. pers. quoted in Hill 2002). They prefer to use a fresh nest site for each clutch (Hill 2002). The chicks leave the nest six to seven. weeks after hatching and depend on their parents to feed three to seven weeks (Davidson 1997; Forshaw 1981; Hicks & Greenwood 1989; Hicks & Preece 1991). The clutch is large (1-8) (Hicks & Greenwood 1989). the age of first reproduction is unknown, but it may be soon after independence (Greene 1990).
The Norfolk Island Parakeet(Cyanoramphus cookii) is endemic of the Norfolk island. Before the European establishment it spread throughout the island, but now it is mainly in the region Mt Pitt de Norfolk. (460 has) and in the Botanical Gardens Norfolk Island (5,5 has) (Director of National Parks 2010; Garnett et to the., 2011). The Norfolk Island Parakeet also they are seen in wooded areas outside the national park and botanical gardens, and they are observed throughout the island in small amounts (Director of National Parks 2010).
The breeding of Norfolk Island Parakeet It is largely confined to a suitable habitat within the range of Norfolk Island National Park (Hill 2002), although there are reports playback on adjacent private property to the National Park Norfolk Island (C. Rowston press. comm. cited in Garnett et al., 2011).
In 2013, One study estimated that its population on Norfolk Island It was only 46-92 individuals(Ortiz-Catedral 2013).
Garnett et to the (2011) They reviewed the state of conservation Norfolk Island Parakeet and they considered in Critical Hazard. The Scientific Committee of Threatened Species You are using the findings of Garnett et al. (2011) to consider whether the reassessment of the conservation status of each of the threatened birds listed in the EPBC Law It is mandatory.
The main factors causing the species to be eligible for inclusion in the List of Endangered Species are are very restricted area of ​​occupancy (< 10 km2).) and a population small (< 250 mature individuals) (Garnett et to the., 2011).
Threats
Extensive vegetation clearing for agriculture and logging of large trees destroyed nesting sites most suitable in Norfolk island(Hicks & Greenwood 1989).
A change in the structure of forests in the Norfolk island, as a result of the invasion of weeds, there may also be reduced available habitat area. (Garnett et to the., 2011).
Introduced the Crimson Rosella(Platycercus elegans), European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), and occasionally European honey bees (Apis mellifera) competing for residues treeholes (Hicks & Preece 1991; Hill 2002).
Predation by black rats (Rattus rattus) has resulted in most nest failures and an imbalance in the sex ratio in the nest population. Norfolk Island Parakeet, as rats often surprise female incubating (Hicks & Preece 1991; Hill 2002).
The cats (Felis catus) They are also significant predators (Garnett et to the., 2011).
The illness psitacina circoviral It is present in the population and can cause mortality in individuals stressed (Hicks & Preece 1991).
Window collisions also cause a small number of deaths annually. (Hill 2002).
conservation actions
Conservation and management priorities Invasive species
or Maintaining a control program black rat in the National Park Norfolk Island using baits to reduce the number of black rats.
or Maintaining a control program cats in the National Park Norfolk Island using trapping methods to reduce the number of cats.
Continue implementing and maintaining or protecting trees tin nesting sites (predator-proof) inside of the National Park Norfolk Island, And Botanical gardens adjacent private lands where appropriate.
Continue removing or European starlings and nesting material for nest sites.
or continue destroying the hives of european honey bees nesting sites if necessary.
o Perform intensive control weed in the National Park Norfolk Island, appropriate methods, focusing on improving habitat areas suitable playback.
Lost, disturbance and habitat modifications
o Perform habitat restoration within the National Park Norfolk Island by revegetation. appropriate areas with native plants, in conjunction with the weed control program. Breeding, reproduction and other measures ex situ
o Maintain nest sites to support breeding pairs by adding suitable nesting material and repairing nests as necessary.
or establish a wild population Phillip Island by methods translocation, when you consider that the source population is large enough to support the reduction of individuals.
Participation of stakeholders
or engage with the local community to provide information on the species and the importance of conservation actions.
o Engage with the public about Norfolk Island green parrots through conservation. and environmental interpretation center National Park Norfolk Island.
Priorities and follow-up survey
Keeping monitoring or rats and black cats within the National Park Norfolk Island to determine its relative density within the park and report management actions.
Monitor or nesting sites known to detect the presence of Crimson Rosella(Platycercus elegans), European starlings and European honey bees to determine the ongoing impact of competition from these species and the Norfolk Island Parakeet and reporting on management actions.
o Conduct population studies to assess more accurately the size of the population, reproduction and breeding of these birds, success and demographic trends.
or to perform monitoring for the presence of disease psitacina circoviral in population Norfolk Island Parakeet.
o Monitor the progress of conservation actions, including the effectiveness of management actions and adapt them if necessary to contribute to the recovery of the species.
Priorities for research and information
o Investigate options to improve the current population.
or investigate conservation benefits to establish a wild population in Lord Howe Island.
or investigate the effectiveness and cost-benefit methods for controlling predators and competitors introduced nest.
or investigate the effectiveness and cost-benefit methods for weed control.
"Norfolk Island Parakeet" in captivity:
More than 600 pups of Norfolk Island Parakeet They were banded between 1985 and 2007, most of which were bred in the national park's assisted wild breeding program.
Alternative names:
– Cook’s Parakeet, Norfolk Island Green Parrot, Norfolk Island Parakeet, Norfolk Island Parrot, Norfolk Parakeet, Tasman Parakeet (English).
– Perruche australe, Perruche de Norfolk (French).
– Norfolkziegensittich, Ziegensittich (German).
– Periquito de Norfolk (Portuguese).
– Perico de Norfolk (español).
(1) – Norfolk Island Parakeet (Cyanoramphus cookii) by David Cook – Flickr
(2) – Norfolk Parakeet (Cyanoramphus cookii), 2011 Norfolk Island National Park by Duncan Watson [CC BY-SA 4.0], from Wikimedia Commons
(3) – A Norfolk Parakeet (also called Tasman Parakeet, Norfolk Island Green Parrot or Norfolk Island Red-crowned Parakeet) in Palm Glen, Norfolk Island, Australia by Paul Gear [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – A juvenile Norfolk Parakeet (also called Tasman Parakeet, Norfolk Island Green Parrot or Norfolk Island Red-crowned Parakeet) in Palm Glen, Norfolk Island, Australia. by Paul Gear [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Norfolk Island Parakeet (Cyanoramphus cookii) by David Cook – Flickr
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