exotic birds

โ–ท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

Northern Mealy Parrot
Amazona guatemalae

Origin: Mexico, Guatemala, Belice, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama
Character: Sociable
Life expectancy: 50 years
Height: 38 cm..

Northern Mealy Parrot

Content

Description:


Anatomy-parrots

38 cm.. length and 705-766 g. of weight.

The Northern Mealy Parrot (Amazona guatemalae) is a large parrot, mainly green, with a large bare periophthalmic white; head green, increasingly off toward the area nape.

The youth similar to adults but eyes brown.

taxonomy:

Treated for decades subspecifically within the species Amazona farinosa. Based on a genetic study of the year 2012 They came to be regarded as a full species.

Subspecies description:

  • Amazona guatemalae guatemalae

    (Sclater,PL, 1860) – Mostly green, with the crown, forecrown and lores, blue; carpal edge Green Wing / yellow; Feathers edges wing , blue; Red in the secondary feathers; feathers of the tail dark green to light green at the tip. Bill dark grey. Eye ring white, irises red.


  • Amazona guatemalae virenticeps

    (Salvadori, 1891) – Mostly green with less blue on the crown that the subspecies Amazona guatemalae guatemalae; yellower shades / green; carpal edge green / yellow, with varying shades of red; crown green; lores and forecrown, green tinted blue. Bill black / horn. Eye ring white, irises red.

Habitat:

Video "Northern Mealy Parrot"

They inhabit in dense humid lowland forests, especially near the gaps and edges; also they extend lower montane forest plantations and frequent, crops, gallery forests and deciduous forests.

They are in pairs or groups up 20 individuals, with larger congregations in feeding areas. Form noisy flocks in communal roosts high up in big trees out of breeding season, sometimes with several hundred birds. Well camouflaged while feeding quietly on the upper floors of the forest canopy.

Reproduction:

Season April-May Guatemala. Nests in tree holes, to 3-30 height m, once observed in the crack of a stone wall in a Mayan temple. The laying usually three eggs.

Food:

No known differences with Amazona farinosa.

Distribution:

Size of its range (Standard playback): 919.000 km2

It is present along the slope of Caribbean of Central America, from Veracruz and Oaxaca, Mexico, to the South by Belice, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica, to western Panama. They are also found in the shed peaceful of Costa Rica and West Panama. Its abundance varies locally, but it is common in many areas.

Subspecies distribution:

  • Amazona guatemalae guatemalae

    (Sclater,PL, 1860) – Caribbean coast from southeast Mexico to the Northwest of Honduras.


  • Amazona guatemalae virenticeps

    (Salvadori, 1891) – Since Honduras (Sula Valley) to western Panama.

Conservation:

State of conservation โ“˜

Near-threatened Near Threatened โ“˜ (UICN)โ“˜

โ€ข Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Near-threatened.

โ€ข Population trend: In decrease.

Rationale for the Red List category

He suspected this species is undergoing a rapid decrease in moderately population due to habitat loss and unsustainable levels of hunting and trapping.

Population size: Unknown

The population trend: In decline.

The Amazona mealy northern captive:

Little known in poultry.

Alternative names:

– Mealy Parrot [guatemalae or virenticeps], Northern Mealy Amazon, Northern Mealy Parrot (English).
– Amazone guatรฉmaltรจque, Amazone poudrรฉe [guatemalae or virenticeps], Amazone poudrรฉe [guatemalae ou virenticeps] (French).
– Guatemalaamazone (German).
– Northern Mealy Parrot (Portuguese).
– Amazona harinosa norteรฑa (espaรฑol).


scientific classification:

Philip Sclater
Philip Sclater

– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittacidae
– Genus: Amazona
– Scientific name: Amazona guatemalae
– Citation: (Sclater, PL, 1860)
– Protonimo: Chrysotis guatemalae

Images Northern Mealy Parrot:

Amazona-harinosa-nortena-(5)
Amazona-harinosa-nortena-(4)
Amazona-harinosa-nortena-(3)
Amazona-harinosa-nortena-(2)
Parrots in the world

Species of the genus Amazona


Sources:

Avibase
Parrots of the World โ€“ Forshaw Joseph M
Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
Birdlife

Photos:

(1) – Amazona farinosa guatemalae By Adalberto Hernandez Vega from Copan Ruinas, Honduras (Macaw Mountain Bird Park – Copan Ruinas, Honduras) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Guatemalaamazone Amazona farinosa guatemalae By Martingloor (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Amazona farinosa guatemalae by Ulises Muรฑiz – Flickr
(4) – Amazona farinosa guatemalae By Katrin Lorenzen (IMG_4685) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) –
Amazona farinosa guatemalae By Adalberto Hernandez Vega from Copan Ruinas, Honduras (Macaw Mountain Bird Park – Copan Ruinas, Honduras) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons

โ–ท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

Austral Parakeet
Enicognathus ferrugineus

Origin: Argentina, Chile
Character: Social
Life expectancy: ---
Height: 28โ€“36 cm.

Austral Parakeet

Content

Description:

28โ€“36 cm. length.

The Austral Parakeet (Enicognathus ferrugineus), is mostly green; the lores and forecrown rather dull brick-red; the front of the crown with yellow and green feathers in the center, and edges dark green olive feathers central part of the crown.

The feathers of the upperparts They are olive green with darker edges, giving a scalloped effect. The upperwing-coverts They are olive color with dark margins. Flight feathers green with metallic blue suffusion. Underwing-coverts green with dark tips; bottom of the flight feather pale grey. The underparts They are mainly pale green olive, with darker margins (except in the the thighs) and a large opaque red spot on the central belly. In the long run tail It is dark red off above; pale grayish below. The upper jaw horn is dark colored with a black tip; the bottom is dark horn-colored; irises reddish brown; legs dark gray.

Austral Parakeet

Both sexes are similar. The immature It has a duller red on the head and patch in the belly red less dense and less extensive.

  • Sound of the Austral Parakeet.

Subspecies description:

  • Enicognathus ferrugineus ferrugineus

    (Statius Mรผller, 1776) – Nominal.


  • Enicognathus ferrugineus minor

    (Chapman, 1919) – Smaller and darker than the nominal, with a abdominal patch Red less extensive (sometimes absent).

Habitat:

Video – "Austral Parakeet" (Enicognathus ferrugineus)

Cachaรฑa (Enicognathus ferrugineus)
Watch this video on YouTube.

The Austral Parakeet occurs mainly in forests, including forests of Nothofagus, Araucaria and Quercus, but also in more open habitats with shrubs Berberis darwinii and Drimys winteri, also they visit cultivated areas, mainly at sea level in the southern part of the range, may reach 1200 meters and even 2.000 meters north. Observed in flocks of 10-15 individuals, coming to meet more than 100 birds outside the breeding period; flocks of 10 or more in Fire land with reports of attacks caused by Red-backed Hawk (Geranoaetus polyosoma).

In April and before the arrival of winter flocks leave the mountains to take refuge in lower valleys of lower altitude.

Reproduction:

They nest in the cavity of the trees, filling very deep holes with twigs and branches where building nests are no cavities available. The breeding season It comprising the months of November to December. Clutch 4-8 eggs. To the 26 days the chicks are born, emplumรกndose to 7-8 weeks.

Food:

predominantly eat seeds (can cause damage to grain crops). Its diet includes herbaceous and bamboo seeds, Drimys winteri, acorns and nuts Araucaria, fruit, berries and sprouts p. Nothofagus and bulbous roots.

Distribution and status:

Extending its range (reproduction / residents): 2.010.000 km2

Distributed by the south end of South America, psittacine distribution is the southernmost in the world.

They can be observed from Land of Fire north through Chile to province Oโ€™Higgins and east of Andes in Argentina, extending through Santa Cruz, Chubut, Black river Western and Neuquรฉn Western.

Usually residents, even in the extreme south, although the foothills move to raise (at least in Land of Fire) with some predictable local movements in the north. generally common, It is very abundant in the wooded coast Land of Fire. Large areas remain intact habitat and inhabiting several large protected areas.

Very rare in captivity.

Subspecies distribution:

Conservation:

State of conservation โ“˜

minor concern Minor Concern โ“˜ (UICN)โ“˜

โ€ข Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.

โ€ข Population trend: Stable.

โ€ข Population size : Unknown.

Justification of the Red List of the Category

This species has a very large range, and therefore does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the range size criterion. The trend population seems to be stable, and therefore the species does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable according to the population trend criterion. (> 30% decrease of more than ten years or three generations). The population size has not been quantified, but are not believed to approach the thresholds for Vulnerable based on population size criteria (<10.000 individuos maduros con una disminuciรณn continua estimada en> 10% in ten years or three generations, or in a particular population structure). For these reasons, the species is evaluated as Least concern.

Justification of the population

The world's population has not been quantified, but this species is described as ‘quite common‘ (Stotz et to the. (1996).

Justification trend

The population suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence of any reduction or substantial threats.

"Austral Parakeet" in captivity:

Very rare in captivity.

Chilean law prohibits the purchase, sale and possession of this magpie.

If you have a Austral Parakeet I recommend you give it to SAG or the Center for Rehabilitation of Wildlife of Codeff (rehabilita@codeff.cl, background: 777 25 34 – Santiago), because in that place you will come across many other parrots of the same species that suffered the same process, and specialized people who care very well, TO THEN RETURN THEM TO THEIR NATURAL HABITAT.

Alternative names:

– Austral Conure, Austral Parakeet, Emerald Conure, Emerald Parakeet, Magellan Conure, Magellan Parakeet (English).
– Conure รฉmeraude, Conure magellanique, Perriche magellanique, Perruche magellanique (French).
– Smaragdsittich, Smaragd-Sittich (German).
– Periquito-austral (Portuguese).
– Cachaรฑa, Cachaรฑa austral, Cotorra Austral, Cotorra Cachaรฑa (espaรฑol).

scientific classification:

Formerly separated from the monospecific genus Microsittace.

– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittacidae
– Genus: Enicognathus
– Scientific name: Enicognathus ferrugineus
– Citation: (Statins Mulller, 1776)
– Protonimo: Psittacus ferrugineus

Images Austral Parakeet:

Cotorra-Austral-(5)
Cotorra-Austral-(4)
Cotorra-Austral-(3)
Cotorra-Austral-(2)

Parrots in the world

Species of the genus Enicognathus

Sources:

– Avibase
– Parrots of the World โ€“ Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife

– Photos:

(1) – Austral Parakeet (also known as Austral Conure or Emerald Parakeet) in Torres del Paine National Park, Chile By Miguel Vieira [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Two Austral Parakeets in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina By Francesco Veronesi [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Austral Parakeet (Enicognathus ferrugineus) seen near Laguna Onelli, Glaciers National Park, Santa Cruz, Argentina By Fabienkhan (Personal Picture) [CC BY-SA 2.5], via Wikimedia Commons – credit : Fabien Dany – www.fabiendany.com
(4) – Cachaรฑas in San Martin de los Andes, Province of Neuquen, Argentina By Ignsal (Own work) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – An Austral Parakeet in Magallanes Province, Chile By Paulo Fassina (Parrot EatingUploaded by Snowmanradio) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Austral Parakeet – Torres del Paine National Park, Chile by Eleanor Briccetti – Flickr

– Sounds: Bobby Wilcox, XC236937. accessible www.xeno-canto.org/236937

โ–ท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

Crimson Shining-Parrot
Prosopeia splendens

Origin: fiji
Character: Active
Life expectancy: ---
Height: 42 cm.

Crimson Shining-Parrot

Content


Anatomy-parrots

Description:

42 cm. length and 280 g. of weight.

The Crimson Shining-Parrot (Prosopeia splendens) is very similar to the Red Shining-Parrot (Prosopeia tabuensis). has the head and underparts red intense and bright, slightly darker in ears; broad collar rear violet-blue, which becomes turquoise toward the trailing edge. The rest of upperparts bright pale green with darker edges and fine bright in back and wings. Coverts medium green, greater coverts blue green; primary coverts and primaries deep blue-violet with black on innerwebs; secondaries blue to green in the innermost feathers. Underwing-coverts marked blue-green and red; axillary pale green. Uppertail green with blue tip, violet blue with side feathers innerwebs blackish; undertail black. Bill black; irises red-orange; legs black.

The male has the bill and head bigger

taxonomy:

It was generally considered consanguineous with the Prosopeia Tabuensis, but may be closer Prosopeia Personata. Monotypic.

  • Escarlata sound Papagayo.

Habitat:

It is found in forests, farmland and villages, both in the lowlands and hills.

Reproduction:

Food, habits and reproductive behavior presumably similar to those of the Red Shining-Parrot (Prosopeia tabuensis) With which, until very recently, was considered consanguineous.

Food:

Similar al al Red Shining-Parrot (Prosopeia tabuensis).

Distribution:

Extension of the distribution (breeding/resident): 910 km2

It is endemic Fiji, where it is found naturally in islas de Kadavu (including around Vunisea) and Ono. It has also been introduced in Viti Levu and probably in the Group Yasawa and Ovalau in the past (There are no recent records).

Conservation:


Vulnerable


โ€ข Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Vulnerable

โ€ข Population trend: decreasing.

The species may be declining in Viti Levu due to trade, although at present the possible negative effects of competition are not known with Masked Shining-Parrot (Prosopeia personata). It is estimated that the world population lies between 5.000 and 10.000 specimens. NEAR THREATENED.

Justification of the population

Although recent fieldwork on Kadavu has not focused specifically on this species, seems to occur in population densities similar to those of Masked Shining-Parrot (Prosopeia personata) (86 Crimson Shining-Parrot They were recorded in Kadavu 38 standardized observation times in the two studies BirdLife, similar to the average 1,9 of the Masked Shining-Parrot /time recorded in 18 sites across the Viti Levu). The Masked Shining-Parrot It was estimated at around 29 in native lowland forest birds / km2 (Jackson y Jit 2004). The area of รขโ‚ฌโ€นรขโ‚ฌโ€นdense forest and medium density Kadavu it's around of 225 km2 (National Forest Inventory 1991-1993), so a reasonable estimate of the population Crimson Shining-Parrot would be 6.000 birds or 4.000 mature individuals.

Conservation Actions Underway

Appendix II of the CITES. It is protected by law in Fiji, which has recently been revised, the old Law Poultry and game has been partly overtaken by the Law on Protection of Endangered Species, which provides protection (SPREP 2000, D. Watling a slightly. 2007). Conservation projects have reduced the trade in this species (Jackson y Jit 2004). Four communities have declared a protected area covering community 1.535 hectares of forest and local volunteers monitor bird populations and assess the state of the habitat on their own initiative (V. Masibalavu a slightly. 2007). Conservation actions aimed at fire prevention (including awareness following the amendment of the decree concerning arson) have improved in recent years (V. Masibalavu in litt. 2012, M. Tabudravu in little. 2012).

Conservation Actions Proposed

Establish standards for maintenance of parrots in captivity to reduce demand (SPREP 2000). Monitor the numbers caught and transported to Suva. Determining population densities in various habitats. Investigate breeding needs and success. Promote the creation of community forest reserves. Use as set species to promote ecotourism in Kadavu.

"Crimson Shining-Parrot" in captivity:

Captive numbers are unknown., and everything indicates that captive breeding has rarely been achieved. It is caught in small quantities, and islanders returning to the capital, Suva (Watling 2000), the birds are carried as a gift, and there is at least some illegal trade abroad (J. S. Kretzschmar a lie. 2000).

In the nineteenth century it was imported by zoos in London, Berlin and Hamburg. In the United States, He kept San Diego Zoo, which was partially successful with the offspring when a young man born in 1973,

As they are at serious risk of extinction, only the most experienced should attempt to keep them in their aviaries, and all captive bred should be better placed in breeding programs to establish a larger population and participate in the conservation of this bird species.

Alternative names:

– Crimson Shining Parrot, Crimson Shining-Parrot, Kadavu Shining Parrot, Kandavu Shining Parrot, Kandavu Shining-Parrot (inglรฉs).
– Perruche รฉcarlate, Perruche masquรฉe รฉcarlate (francรฉs).
– Fidschi Sittich, Fidschisittich (alemรกn).
– Papagayo Escarlata (portuguรฉs).
– Papagayo Escarlata, Papgayo Escarlata (espaรฑol).

Clasificaciรณn cientรญfica:

Peale, Titian Ramsay


– Orden: Psittaciformes
– Familia: Psittaculidae
– Gรฉnero: Prosopeia
– Nombre cientรญfico: Prosopeia splendens
– Citaciรณn: (Peale, 1848)
– Protรณnimo: Platycercus splendens

Imรกgenes Papagayo Escarlata:

Videos del "Papagayo Escarlata"

Fuentes:

โ€ข Avibase
โ€ข Parrots of the World โ€“ Forshaw Joseph M
โ€ข Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Par
โ€ข Birdlife

Fotos:

(1) – Auckland Museum [CC BY 4.0]

โ–ท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

Rainbow Lorikeet
Trichoglossus moluccanus

Origin: Australia
Character: Sociable
Life expectancy: 15 to 25 years
Height: 25 to 30 cm..

Rainbow Lorikeet

Content

Description ยซRainbow Lorikeetยป:

Of 25-30 cm. length; 70-169 grams and a wingspan of 46 cm..

Rainbow Lorikeet

The plumage of the Rainbow Lorikeet (Trichoglossus moluccanus) is very bright. The head is deep blue with a neck greenish-yellow and the rest of the upperparts (wings, back and tail) are deep green. The chest is red with blue-black barring.. The belly is deep green, and the thighs and rump are yellow with deep green barring.. In flight, a yellow wing-bar contrasts clearly with the red underwing-coverts.

There is little to visually distinguish between the sexes; However, for an acute observer, their dimorphism is readily apparent.

The youth has bill black, which gradually brightens to orange in the adults..

The markings of Trichoglossus moluccanus resemble of the Coconut Lorikeet (Trichoglossus haematodus), but with a belly blue and breast with little or no blue-black barring..

Rainbow Lorikeet taxonomy

With one exception, the species have been treated so far as a group of subspecies within the extended group Coconut Lorikeet (Trichoglossus haematodus), but they differ from the Trichoglossus haematodus her pale red breast without bars ; its blue belly against green or blackish; its pale blue hood without black edge and its larger size.

The subspecies Trichoglossus moluccanus eyrei (South of Australia) It is included within the species nominal. Small hybrid population of present species paired with the Musk Lorikeet (Glossopsitta concinna) in SE Southern Australia (Yorke Peninsula).

  • Sound of the Rainbow Lorikeet. (1)

(1) Some species are under extreme pressure because of traps and harassment. So, the open availability of high-quality recordings of these species may further worsen the problems, this being the reason why downloading these recordings is off. In conclusion, recorders themselves are free to share these files on xeno-canto, but they will have to approve access to these recordings.

We do not take this action lightly, and we wish it wasn't necessary, but we are convinced that the negative impacts of offering easy access to these recordings outweigh the benefits. To access these recordings, You can contact directly with the recorder.

Subspecies description:

  • Trichoglossus moluccanus moluccanus

    (Gmelin, 1788) – Nominal.

  • Trichoglossus moluccanus septentrionalis

    (Robinson, 1900) – As the species nominal but with brighter purple/blue stripes on the head and tail shorter.

Habitat:

The Rainbow Lorikeet often they travel together in pairs and occasionally respond to calls to fly like a flock, then they disperse again in pairs. Couples aggressively defend their feeding and nesting against other lstallion arcoiris and other bird species. Not only they scare off smaller birds, as the Noisy Miner (Manorina melanocephala) and the Brush Wattlebird (Anthochaera chrysoptera), but also to larger, as the Australian Magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen).

Reproduction:

In Australia, Reproduction usually takes place during spring (from September to December), but it may vary from one region to another with changes in food availability and climate. Sites nesting They are variable and may include gaps as tall trees eucalyptus, trunks of palm trees or overhanging rocks.

Couples sometimes nest in the same tree with other couples Rainbow Lorikeet or other species of birds. The clutch size is between one and three eggs, which are incubated for about 25 days. Incubation tasks are performed by the female alone.

The Rainbow Lorikeet are mostly monogamous and remain paired for long periods, if not for life.

Food:

Nectar and pollen of native trees and shrubs, especially eucalyptus (for example, Eucalyptus gummifera, Eucalyptus maculata).

Rainbow Lorikeet distribution:

Extension of the distribution (breeding/resident): 3,810,000 km2

Endemic East and Southeast Australia (of Cape York to the Eyre Peninsula, South of Australia)

They were recorded for the first time in Perth in 1968 and the population is believed to have come from fewer than ten birds that were deliberately released or had escaped from aviaries.

Since the beginning of the decade 1960, the population has grown exponentially and has spread rapidly throughout 174 km2 metropolitan area. The current population is estimated at 8.400 birds and their range is expanding at a rate of 0,7 km per year.

wanderer Tasmania.

Subspecies distribution:

  • Trichoglossus moluccanus moluccanus

    (Gmelin, 1788) – Nominal.

  • Trichoglossus moluccanus septentrionalis

    (Robinson, 1900) – North of Queensland (Cape York Peninsula), in northwestern Australia; also the Torres Strait Islands (Boigu and Saibai except, at the north end) and it was introduced in the district of Perth, in southwest Australia..

Conservation "Rainbow Lorikeet":


minor concern

1. Current red list category of the UICN: Least concern.

2. The population trend: Decreasing.

3. Population size : Unknown.

Rationale for the Red List category

This species has a extremely large distribution area, and therefore does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the criteria of size range (Extent of Occurrence <20,000 km2 combined with a decreasing area size or fluctuating distribution, extension / habitat quality, or population size and a small number of places or severe fragmentation). While the trend of the population seems to be decreasing, the decline is not believed to be rapid enough to approach the Vulnerable thresholds according to the population trend criterion (decrease of more than 30% in ten years or three generations).

The population size has not been quantified, but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the criterion of population size (<10.000 mature individuals with an estimated continuous decrease in> 10% in ten years or three generations, or with a specific population structure). For these reasons, the species is assessed as Least concern.

Justification of the population

Global population size has not been quantified, but the species is described as abundant in northern Australia and rare Tasmania (pit et to the. 1997).

Justification trend

They suspected that the population is declining due to unsustainable levels of exploitation.

Rainbow Lori Threats

The species has been the subject of a intense trade: from 1981, When it was included in the Appendix II of the CITES, they have been 100.388 individuals caught in international trade (UNEP-WCMC CITES Trade Database, January 2005).

In captivity:

Not very common. Its longevity It 20 years en libertad, 15-25 years in captivity and its market price is around wild birds 250 EUR.

Alternative names:

– Rainbow Lorikeet, Rainbow Lorikeet (Rainbow) (English).
– Loriquet ร  tรชte bleue (de Swainson), Loriquet ร  tรชte bleue (moluccanus), Loriquet arc-en-ciel, Loriquet de Swainson (French).
– Regenbogenlori (German).
– Lรณris-molucano, Periquito-arco-รญris (moluccanus) (Portuguese).
– Lori arcoiris, Lori de Arco Iris (espaรฑol).


Gmelin Johann Friedrich
Gmelin Johann Friedrich

scientific classification:


– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittaculidae
– Gender: Trichoglossus
– Scientific name: Trichoglossus moluccanus
– Subpoena: (Gmelin, JF, 1788)
– Protonimo: Psittacus moluccanus

Images "Rainbow Lorikeet":

Lori-arcoiris-(9)
Lori-arcoiris-(8)
Lori-arcoiris-(7)
Lori-arcoiris-(6)
Lori-arcoiris-(5)
Lori-arcoiris-(4)
Lori-arcoiris-(3)
Lori-arcoiris-(2)

Videos "Rainbow Lorikeet"

"Rainbow Lorikeet" (Trichoglossus moluccanus)

โ–ท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

White-necked Parakeet
Pyrrhura albipectus

Origin: Ecuador, Peru
Character: Curious and intelligent
Life expectancy: ----
Height: 24 to 25,5 cm..

Cotorra cuelliblanca

Content

Description:

White-necked Parakeet

24 to 25,5 cm.. height.

The most notorious of the White-necked Parakeet (Pyrrhura albipectus) It is the yellowish-white or white that goes from the cheeks to chest.

Crown dark stripes pale gray on the back; frontal band reddish thin; cheeks escalations of yellow and green and ear-coverts Orange; collar full white and chest yellow; belly and remaining upperparts green. Wings Greens with primary coverts red and carpal area, and primaries Bluish; tail long and pointy green, red opaque at the bottom.

The immature lacks the frontal band and has paler the ear-coverts.

Habitat:

Lives mainly in humid primary forest, foraging on fruit trees, preferably along rivers, Although he tolerates areas open and intercepted, from 900 to 2000 m (usually between 1400 and 1800 m).
Make altitudinal movements following the fruiting. Flies in flocks of 12 to 50 individuals. It bathes in pools or between rocks covered with MOSS.

Reproduction:

There is little evidence about its reproduction, possibly from May to July. A young clerk was seen in September (Snyder et to the., 2000).

Food:

The diet includes fruit, seeds and flowers Vine, mainly taken in the canopy.

Distribution:

Size of its range (reproduction / resident): 19.600 km2

Confined to three areas in southeast Ecuador and recently also it has been found in northern Peru.

In Ecuador It is known from the Podocarpus national park, the Cordillera de Cutucรบ and Cordillera del Condor. Although their numbers seem relatively low, possibly with a total population of only a few thousand individuals, is apparently common in the Podocarpus national park. There are also confirmed records as far south as the Pangui in Zamora-Chinchipe. Also recently it observed in adjacent parts of the Cordillera del Condor, Peru, with a sighting released from Condor Mirador on Morona-Santiago Province (Navarrete 2003). These range extensions suggest that it is not as severely threatened as previously feared. (Balchin y Toyne 1998).

Conservation:

State of conservation โ“˜

Vulnerable Vulnerable โ“˜ (UICN)โ“˜

โ€ข Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Vulnerable.

โ€ข Population trend: Decreasing.

Rationale for the Red List category

This species is classified as Vulnerable because it dwells in a few places and has a small range in which the habitat (and presumably the population) it is decreasing.

Justification of the population

The total population it may be only a few thousand birds, by what is placed in the band 2.500-9.999 individuals. This is equivalent to 1.667-6.666 mature individuals, rounded here to 1.500-7.000 mature individuals.

Justification of trend

It is suspected that the species is falling slowly, on the basis of continuous habitat destruction.

Conservation Actions Underway

โ€ข CITES Appendix II.
โ€ข The Podocarpus national park It is an important site for the conservation of the species. A revised management plan has been designed for the area and a public awareness campaign highlights the importance of the park (Snyder et to the. 2000).
โ€ข The White-necked Parakeet It is also found in the reserve Tapichalaca of 3.500 acres of the Fundaciรณn Jocotoco, where they are used successfully artificial nesting boxes (Waugh 2009).
โ€ข It is also located in the Ichigkat Muja- Condor Range National Park (F. Angulo 2012 a bit.).

Conservation Actions Proposed

โ€ข Conduct surveys to assess species distribution and total population size.
โ€ข Monitor rates of habitat loss and degradation within its range.
โ€ข Manage the Podocarpus national park so that endangered species are better protected.

"White-necked Parakeet" in captivity:

It is not easy to find it in captivity.

Alternative names:

– White-necked Parakeet, White necked Parakeet, White-breasted Conure, White-breasted Parakeet, White-necked Conure (English).
– Conure ร  col blanc, Perriche ร  col blanc, Perruche ร  col blanc (French).
– WeiรŸhalssittich, Weisshals-Sittich (German).
– Tiriba-do-pescoรงo-branco (Portuguese).
– Cotorra Cuelliblanca, Perico de Pecho Blanco (espaรฑol).
– Perico de Cuello Blanco (Peru).


scientific classification:

Frank Chapman
Frank Chapman

– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittacidae
– Genus: Pyrrhura
– Scientific name: Pyrrhura albipectus
– Citation: Chapman, 1914
– Protonimo: Pyrrhura albipectus


Images White-necked Parakeet:

Videos "White-necked Parakeet"

White Breasted Parakeet
Watch this video on YouTube.

White-necked Parakeet (Pyrrhura albipectus)


Parrots in the world

Especies del gรฉnero Pyrrhura

Sources:

– Avibase
– Parrots of the World โ€“ Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Parrot Book, Parrots and macaws Neotropical

– Photos:

(1) – Ingrid Grunwald, IBC943789. Photo of White-necked Parakeet Pyrrhura albipectus at Zamora-Chinchipe Province, Ecuador. Accessible at hbw.com/ibc/943789.

– Sounds: (Xeno-canto)

โ–ท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

Canary-winged Parakeet
Brotogeris versicolurus

Origin: Colombia, Peru, Brazil, Guyana, Puerto Rico, United States
Character: Affectionate and fun
Life expectancy: 10 to 12 years
Height: 24 to 25 cm.


Catita Versicolor

Content

Description:

The Canary-winged Parakeet (Brotogeris versicolurus) measured between 24 and 25 height cm. Single parakeet with yellow and white patch and blue tip on the wing , tail green, long and acute (noticeable in flight).

Of overall green coloration, with belly opaque, front and sides of the head grey.
It has no sexual dimorphism.

Habitat:

Video – "Canary-winged Parakeet" (Brotogeris versicolurus)

brotogeris versicolurus whistling
Watch this video on YouTube.

It is found in variety of habitats, humid forest, riparian, edges, stubble, open and urban areas, until 300 m (in Bolivia comes up to the 2700 m).

Abundant trees in cities and towns. They fly high, in pairs or small flocks to large.

Reproduction:

The breeding season includes the months between January and July in South America. The female places of 4 to 5 white eggs. The incubation hard of 23 to 26 days. Usually, the male can stay in the nest at night, but the incubation is main task of females.

It nests in tree hollows and decaying fruit capsules.

Food:

In their natural habitats, the Canary-winged Parakeet, feeds mainly on worms, flowers, seeds and fruit.

Distribution:

Its population is discontinuous. All the banks of the Amazon River, from the East of Ecuador to the South of the French Guiana.

You can also see them out of these places due to its introduction by release of pet; places such as Lima, California, Florida and Puerto Rico.

Conservation:

State of conservation โ“˜

minor concern Minor Concern โ“˜ (UICN)โ“˜

It is not considered in any of the threat categories, its trade has decreased in recent decades.

Justification of the population:

The size of the world population Canary-winged Parakeet It has not been quantified, but this species is described as ยซcommonยป (Stotz et to the. (1996).

Justification trend:

The population suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence of any reduction or substantial threats.

"Canary-winged Parakeet" in captivity:

Years ago it was a very common bird in captivity, at the present time is less.

RECALLS: NEVER COMMAND A PARAKEET IN THE CITY OR IN THE FIELD

aggressive with other bird species. However, It is possible to keep a group of birds of this species together in a large enough space. Easy of tame If it is manipulated from small. Communicates with their owners, making different sounds, for example, to greet us when we see, When you want food, etc.

They are not usually very noisy. Like to climb by what shall provide elements so you can make this activity. In hot season, supplied with a tray of water so that you can bathe.

Alternative names:

– Canary-winged Parakeet, White-winged Parakeet, Yellow-winged Parakeet (English).
– Toui ร  ailes variรฉes, Conure ร  ailes blanches, Perruche ร  ailes blanches, Perruche ร  ailes jaunes, Toui ร  ailes jaunes (French).
– Weissflรผgelsittich (German).
– Periquito-de-asa-branca, periquito-castanha, periquito-da-asa-amarela, periquito-da-campina, periquito-das-ilhas, periquito-de-asas-amarelas, periquito-estrela (Portuguese).
– Catita Chirirรญ, Catita de patas amarillas, Catita Versicolor, Periquito Aliamarillo, Periquito Aliblanco, Periquito de Alas Blancas, Periquito Versicolor (espaรฑol).
– Catita Chirirรญ, Catita de patas amarillas (Argentina).
– Periqquito aliblanco, Periquito Aliblanco (Colombia).
– Periquito Aliamarillo (Dominican Republic).
– Perico de Ala Amarilla (Peru).

scientific classification:

– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittacidae
– Genus: Brotogeris
– Scientific name: Brotogeris versicolurus
– Citation: (Statius Mรผller, 1776)
– Protonimo: psittacus versicolurus

Images "Canary-winged Parakeet"

Parrots in the world

Species of the genus Brotogeris

Sources:

– Avibase
– Parrots of the World โ€“ Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife

– Sounds: (Xeno-canto)

โ–ท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

Scaly-headed Parrot
Pionus maximiliani

Origin: Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay
Character: Curious, social and inteligente
Life expectancy: 20 years
Height: 27 to 29 cm..

Scaly-headed Parrot

Content


Anatomy-parrots

Description:

27 to 29 cm.. height and between 233 and 293 g. of weight.

The Scaly-headed Parrot (Pionus maximiliani) It is medium in size and tail very short; has the lores, the forecrown and the eye area opaque dark bronze; the feathers on crown, the cheeks, the chin and the sides of the neck, basal green with wide enough margins bronze that give the appearance of flake; ear-coverts with dark green margins but brighter than other pens head.

The back of the neck and green the mantle become more brown and olive green upper lower parts, where some feathers have quite indistinct darker tips. Coverts smaller and medium-sized green olive brown with indistinct dark tips; alula, primary and greater coverts and flight feathers, brighter green, contrasting with the upperparts brown, duller.

Under the wings, opaque green. The throat and the top chest blue violet off that fade in brownish olive green in the bottom of the chest and most of the belly, but they are become brighter and greener in flanks and the thighs; undertail-coverts crimson. Upper, the tail green in the center, outer feathers mainly blue and red at the base; undertail, the tail, bluish green duller. Bill black with yellow edges on the upper jaw and the bottom tip; orbital skin pale grey; irises dark brown; legs grey.
Scaly-headed Parrot
Both sexes are similar. Immature It has less intense the blue throat; feathers head more green with less distinct margins.

Description 4 subspecies:

  • Pionus maximiliani lacerus

    (Heine, 1884) – Similar to the subspecies Pionus maximiliani siy but with a bill stronger, the chest more purple and perhaps larger on average.


  • Pionus maximiliani maximiliani

    (Kuhl, 1820) – Nominal.


  • Pionus maximiliani melanoblepharus

    (Ribeiro, 1920) – Blue darker in throat and darker above. Larger.


  • Pionus maximiliani siy

    (Souance , 1856) – Much like the nominal species but darker below, more purple and less blue in the chest, yellower in back and Blue throat lighter.

Habitat:

It inhabits in a wide range of forested habitats, but mostly in dry forests lowland ranging from caatinga very dry, inside the northeast of Brazil, through the savannas Cerrado seasonal, to chaco; also in wetter forests, including gallery forests and forests of araucarias, especially in southeast Brazil. They can also be seen in subtropical forests in Eastern Andean slopes some 2.000 meters in the Northwest of Argentina and some 1.500 meters in the mountains of the South of Brazil.

Tolerant to human alteration of forest habitats and sometimes cultivated areas. Usually gregarious, arriving to form flocks numerous in places in where the food is abundant probably is hiding in small groups in them cups of them trees.

Reproduction:

They nest in tree hollows. Birds in terms of breeding in the month of October in Paraguay; November in Sรฃo Paulo; laying 3-5 eggs.

Food:

The plants food include Erythrina, Inga, Piptadenia, Copaifera, Croton, Pachystroma, Plathymenia reticulata, Ficus and Araucaria.

Distribution:

Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 6.650.000 km2

The species is found in the Center, South and East of Brazil, from maranhรฃo and Cearรก in the Northeast, to the South by Piauรญ, Bay, Goiรกs, Minas Gerais, Brazil and the eastern coastal States up to Rio Grande do Sul and to the South of Mato Grosso (region pantanal), extending to the southeast of Bolivia, from Santa Cruz to the South in the Eastern Andes and to the North of Argentina in Salta, Tucumรกn and Catamarca in the East and North of Santa Fe in the West.

Mainly resident, although it may not grow in the drier parts of the Argentine Chaco. Apparently more numerous in the center of its area of distribution, where its abundance is only surpassed by the Maroon-bellied Parakeet (Pyrrhura frontalis); progressively more scarce toward the periphery.

Locally quite common the common in Bolivia and locally common in the North of Argentina, where it is most abundant in the South of Salta, Tucumรกn and areas adjacent in Catamarca. Moderately common in Rio Grande do Sul and common in the pantanal; densities Brazilian more high in Sรฃo Paulo.

The decrease apparent, in some parts of the range, (for example, North of the Argentina) is attributable to the trade, but in other places (for example, the southeast of Brazil) is undoubtedly its decline due to the loss of forests.

Distribution 4 subspecies:

  • Pionus maximiliani lacerus

    (Heine, 1884) – Northwest of Argentina.


  • Pionus maximiliani maximiliani

    (Kuhl, 1820) – Nominal. Northeast of Brazil.


  • Pionus maximiliani melanoblepharus

    (Ribeiro, 1920) – It is from Paraguay, Brazil and northeast of Argentina (Missions)


  • Pionus maximiliani siy

    (Souance , 1856) – Southeast of Bolivia until Paraguay, West of Brazil (Mato Grosso), North of Argentina.

Conservation:


minor concern


โ€ข Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.

โ€ข Population trend: Decreasing.

Justification of the population

The size of the world population It has not been quantified, but this species is described as ยซquite commonยป (Stotz et to the., 1996).

Justification of trend

It is suspected that the population is in decline due to the continuous habitat destruction and to levels of exploitation unsustainable.

Threats

The species has been object of strong exchanges: from 1981, When is included in the Appendix II of the CITES, they have been 93.234 individuals captured in the wild in the international trade (database CITES from the UNEP-WCMC, January 2005).

"Scaly-headed Parrot" in captivity:

Curious, very intelligent and social. Quiet and relatively little aggressive. Prone to obesity. You can learn to imitate.
Pretty common in captivity. Life expectancy: 20 years.

Housing: Enclosure suspended at least 2 metres in height.

Diet: fruit as: Apple, pear, orange, banana, granada, cactus fruits, they form approximately the 30 percent of the diet; vegetables as: Carrot, celery, green beans, pea in the pod; corn fresh; green leaves such as: chard, lettuce, dandelion, Aviary grass; millet; mix of seeds small e.g.: millet, and small amounts of buckwheat, oats, safflower and hemp; soaked and sprouted from seeds of sunflower; beans, cooked legumes and boiled corn.

It needs regular exercise it is necessary to provide you with an Aviary as large as possible. Provide shallow bowls of water for bathing. Also provide stairs, swings, strings, different sizes of hooks and assorted toys.

Alternative names:

– Scaly-headed Parrot, Maximilian’s Parrot, Scaly headed Parrot (English).
– Pione de Maximilien, Pionus de Maximilien (French).
– Maximilianpapagei (German).
– Maitaca, baitaca, maitaca-bronzeada, maitaca-de-Maximiliano, maitaca-suia, maitaca-verde, suia, umaitรก (Portuguese).
– Loro Bronceado, Loro choclero, Loro maitaca (espaรฑol).


scientific classification:

Kuhl, Heinrich
Heinrich Kuhl

– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittacidae
– Genus: Pionus
– Scientific name: Pionus maximiliani
– Citation: (Kuhl, 1820)
– Protonimo: Maximilian parrot

ยซChoclero Parrotยป Images:

Loro-Choclero-(5)
Loro-Choclero-(4)
Loro-Choclero-(3)
Loro-Choclero-(2)

Videos "Scaly-headed Parrot"

pichu - My Maximilian Pionus
Watch this video on YouTube.

Scaly-headed Parrot (Pionus maximiliani)


Sources:

  • Avibase
  • Parrots of the World โ€“ Forshaw Joseph M
  • Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
  • Birdlife
  • Parrot Book, Parrots and macaws Neotropical
  • parrots.org

  • Photos:

(1) – IBC.lynxeds.com
(2) – A Scaly-headed Parrot (also called a Scaly-headed Pionus, Maximilianโ€™s Pionus, amd Maximilianโ€™s Parrot) in a cage By Alex Knowles [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – A pet male Scaly-headed Parrot (also called Maximilian Pionus, Maximilian Parrot, Maximilianโ€™s Pionus, or Maximilianโ€™s Parrot) By Snowmanradio (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 or GFDL], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Scaly-headed Pionus (also called Maximilian Pionus, Maximilian Parrot, Maximilianโ€™s Pionus, or Maximilianโ€™s Parrot) at Zoolรณgico de Americana, Sao Paulo, Brazil By Moe Oliveira [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Loro Choclero By Danbrazil (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Iconographie des perroquets : non figurรฉs dans les publications de Levaillant et de M. Bourjot Saint-Hilaire By Blanchard, Emile; Bonaparte, Charles Lucian; Bourjot Saint-Hilaire, Alexandre; Le Vaillant, Franรงois; Souancรฉ, Charles de. [CC BY 2.0 or Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

โ–ท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

Red-tailed black cockatoo
Calyptorhynchus banksii

Origin: Australia
Character: Desaconfiada
Life expectancy: 40 to 70 years
Height: 55 to 60 cm..

Red-tailed black cockatoo

Content

Description

55 to 60 cm.. length between 570 and 870 weight g.

The adults of the Red-tailed black cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus banksii) present sexual dimorphism. The male is entirely black, with the exception of the sides of the tail that are of color red glossy. The upper part of the head It is a long Ridge which starts from the front and goes up to the nape. The bill is grey dark.

The females they are slightly smaller. Show a plumage blackish brown with yellow-orange stripes on the tail and the chest. The cheeks and wings they are covered with small yellow spots. The bill is of color bone pale. Lower parts to the tail coverts they are finely excluded in beige.

The youth are similar to the females until they reach the maturity sexual, around the 4 years. Gradually, as they approach this age, YM will acquire their feathers red which gradually replaced their initial feathers in yellow.

Description 5 subspecies

They differ from each other mainly by the size of their beak.

  • Calyptorhynchus banksii banksii

    (Latham, 1790) – Nominal. Grand. Bill dark grey.


  • Calyptorhynchus banksii graptogyne

    (Schodde, Saunders,DA & Homberger, 1989) – It is the smaller of the 5 Subspecies.


  • Calyptorhynchus banksii macrorhynchus

    (Gould, 1843) – Large as it nominal.


  • Calyptorhynchus banksii naso

    (Gould, 1837) – They have wings that seem to be more long and pointy.


  • Calyptorhynchus banksii samueli

    (Mathews, 1917) – Have a size and bill smaller.

Habitat:

Wide variety of habitats. Grasslands and scrub, from the dense rainforests to the forests of acacia and eucalyptus.
Nestbox, These birds are generally dependent on the old eucalyptus, although according to which regions regions, the variety of trees for nesting, could be different.

To feed, flocks of these cockatoos, they penetrate in agricultural lands and orchards, becoming a real plague.
In all parts of the Australian mainland, have been observed seasonal movements.
In the North, most cockatoos flee from high humidity areas during the rainy season.
In other parts of the continent, We are seeing movements directly related to food.
In South Australia, the movements are carried out in the South-North direction and are not necessarily linked to the stations.

Reproduction:

It nests in the hollow of the following trees: MARRI, Jarrah, Wandoo, Karri and Bullich. Eggs are laid on the bottom of a hollow log, up dry branches, between March and December. The cavity can have a depth of one to two meters. The diameter of the entry may vary from 25 to 50 centimeters.

The laying is of an only egg (In rare cases two). The incubation runs by features of the female and lasts between 29 and 31 days.
At birth the chicks are covered by a little and yellow plumage. Most of the time, the second calf is abandoned and eventually dies from lack of food. The surviving offspring is fed by both parents..

Food:

It feeds mainly from seeds, in particular those of Eucalyptus Marri (E. calophylla). Chew small branches, grabs clusters with its legs and โ€œchewsโ€ them to extract the seeds. Strip the remains to the soil, at the foot of the tree. It is a great vegetarian, also eats berries, fruit, some insects and larvae. Occasionally it feeds on plants or varieties introduced as the radish wild, turnips or melons.

Distribution:

Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 8.680.000 km2

endemic to Australia, where in drier areas.
They are especially prevalent in the northern part of the country. In the South, they are less abundant and more dispersed.

The WPT (World Parrot Trust) contributed funds to a project in the South of Australia for help to save to these birds.

Distribution 5 subspecies

They differ from each other mainly by the size of their beak.

Conservation:

State of conservation โ“˜

minor concern Minor Concern โ“˜ (UICN)โ“˜

โ€ข Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.

โ€ข Population trend: Decreasing.

In the past it was common, but now it has become rare, It is distributed unevenly in areas that have been significantly reduced.
The decrease is caused by the deforestation, the competition for the nesting with species native and exotic, as well as the fires.

It is believed that the world's population exceeds the 100.000 individuals.
the subspecies graptogyne was estimated to be in less of 1.000 individuals in 1989.
Only the subspecies of the Southwest, Calyptorhynchus banksii naso, is listed as "Vulnerable".

The subspecies Calyptorhynchus banksii banksii is not classified as threatened in all regions.

"Red-tailed black cockatoo" in captivity:

Excellent with a very devoted owner. It can be quite noisy. It has a moderate ability to imitate human sound.
There has been an increase in captive birds in Australia. It is very rare as bird cage.
They can live in 50 to 100 years in captivity. The variety Calyptorhynchus banksii naso, of 25 to 50 years.

Alternative names:

– Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo, Banksian Cockatoo, Banks’s Black Cockatoo, Black Cockatoo (English).
– Cacatoรจs banksien, Cacatoรจs de Banks (French).
– Rabenkakadu (German).
– Cacatua-negra-de-cauda-vermelha (Portuguese).
– Cacatรบa Colirroja, Cacatรบa Fรบnebre de Cola Roja (espaรฑol).

John Latham
John Latham

scientific classification:


– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Cacatuidae
– Genus: Calyptorhynchus
– Scientific name: Calyptorhynchus banksii
– Citation: (Latham, 1790)
– Protonimo: Psittacus Banksii


Images Red-tailed Cockatoo:

cacatua-colirroja-1
cacatua-colirroja-2
cacatua-colirroja-3
cacatua-colirroja-4

Parrots in the world

Species of the genus Calyptorhynchus
  • Calyptorhynchus banksii
  • —- Calyptorhynchus banksii banksii
  • —- Calyptorhynchus banksii graptogyne
  • —- Calyptorhynchus banksii macrorhynchus
  • —- Calyptorhynchus banksii naso
  • —- Calyptorhynchus banksii samueli
  • Calyptorhynchus lathami
  • —- Calyptorhynchus lathami erebus
  • —- Calyptorhynchus lathami halmaturinus
  • —- Calyptorhynchus lathami lathami

    • Sources:

    – Avibase
    – Parrots of the World โ€“ Forshaw Joseph M
    – Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
    – Birdlife

    – Photos: Laslovarga (commons.wikimedia.org), Wikipedia, Scarlet23 (Wikipedia), Uploaded by Casliber (Wikipedia), Uploaded by Peter Campbell (Wikipedia)

    – Sounds: Nigel Jackett

    + More