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Baudin's black cockatoo
Zanda baudinii

Baudin's black cockatoo

Content

Description

50 to 57 cm.. height and weight between 560 and 770 g.
to Baudin's black cockatoo (Zanda baudinii) is almost entirely of black, with whitish margins in the feathers, patches rounded on them ear-coverts (yellowish to white in the female and Brown to grey in the male), white rectangular panels in the tail.
has a powerful bill (with greatly elongated upper jaw), Black in the male and white-gray color with a black color in the female tip.
Iris dark brown surrounded by a eye ring Red in the male and female grey.
Tail rounded, crest Erectile and legs greys. birds youth are like adults in appearance, but the bill of the male juvenile is equal to the of the of the female adult. The bill the juvenile male begins to darken after the second year.

Habitat:

Its natural habitat is the dense forests dominated by the Marris (Corymbia calophylla) in the extreme southwest of Australia.

Gregaria, is often seen in groups of three, a pair of adults with a young, or in small groups. Occasionally they gather in large flocks of up to 300 birds during the non-breeding season, usually in places where food is abundant.

Reproduction:

Very little is known about the reproductive biology This cockatoo, such as their reproduction area, nesting events calendar, the nest tree, Characteristics of holes for nests, implementation size, incubation period, incipient and successful nesting period.

Little is known about their reproductive cycle because nests are extremely difficult to locate.. Most of the characteristics of the biology of the species are inferred from the Short-billed black cockatoo.

They show a strong union of couple and probably is pair of by life. They remain together throughout the year, except when the female is incubating eggs. Probably they begin to breed at the age of four. The species breeds in late winter and spring, from August to November or December. Copulation probably takes place three days before laying. The female lays one or two white eggs and you can lay an egg of replacement if the first since egg fails. The incubation lasts a few 29 days and only the female incubates them. The chicks remain in the nest for a maximum of 16 weeks.

The nests are composed of a layer of wood chips, built in large hollow in the high eucalyptus, 30 to 40 cm. in diameter and more than 30 depth cm.

Food:

Are fed mainly from the seeds of MARRI and Karri. They are also fond of the rending of wood, Apart from pierce the bark of trunks in search of larvae. Apple trees and pear trees are frequently visited to enjoy its fruits.

Distribution:

Confined in the South-West of Western Australia, especially among Perth, Albany and Margaret River.

Distribution Long-billed Black-billed Cockatoo

Small captive populations in the Melbourne Zoo, in the Healesville sanctuary in Victoria, and in the Zoo of Perth. The species is bred in captivity with great difficulty.

Conservation:

State of conservation ⓘ


Vulnerable Vulnerable (UICN)ⓘ

In Australia is listed as Vulnerable by the law on protection and conservation of biodiversity for the environment.

The total population of the species is estimated at 12.500 individuals, with one downward trend.
Before the inclusion of the threatened species, the annual reproductive rate was of 0,6 per couple, too low to replace the large number of birds that were killed by horticulturists to protect their crops. It is now illegal to shoot these birds, However is it still done.

In captivity:

Appears in the Appendix II of CITES, what limited international trade in the species. It´s illegal capture These wild birds, a penalty of up to 10,000 $. This cockatoo is protected under the Wildlife Conservation Act of Australia.

Alternative names:

Baudin’s Black Cockatoo, Long-billed Black Cockatoo, White tailed Black Cockatoo (English).
Cacatoès de Baudin (French).
Langschnabel-Rußkakadu, Weißohr-Rabenkakadu (German).
Cacatua-negra-de-bico-longo (Portuguese).
Cacatúa Fúnebre de Pico Largo, Cacatúa Fúnebre Piquilarga (español).

scientific classification:

Order: Psittaciformes
Family: Cacatuidae
Scientific name: Zanda baudinii
Genus: Zanda
Citation: Lear, 1832
Protonimo: Zanda Baudinii

Images:



Species of the genus Zanda
  • Zanda funerea
  • —- Zanda funeral funeral
  • —- Zanda funerea whiteae
  • —- Zanda funerary xanthanota
  • Zanda baudinii
  • Zanda latirostris

  • Sources:
    Avibase, Australian Government
    Photos: Long-billed Black-cockatoo, Taronga Zoo, Sydney, Wikipedia, Goura (zoochat.com),
    Sounds: Chris Benesh (controles-canto.org)

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    White cockatoo
    Cacatua alba

    Cacatúa Blanca

    Content

    Description White Cockatoo


    Anatomy-parrots-eng

    40 to 50 cm.. length and a weight of approximately 550 gr.
    The White cockatoo (Cacatua alba) is completely white, with yellowing below wings, bill black and legs dark gray.

    The eye ring is blue.
    It has a crest exuberant, that is elevated or low, Depending on your state of mind. The wings They are tapered or rounded.

    If he irises is brown, then it is male, if reddish, it is female. The females has bill smaller.

    The juveniles only they differ by color irises.

    White Cockatoo Behavior:

    They usually fly solo, in pairs, small groups, or in flocks of up to fifteen birds. In the afternoon, they gather in groups of up to fifty birds. even though they are social, with the exception of mating pairs, usually, they do not form close ties with others. As a result, There is no firmly defined order of dominant position in the community. Son day and they tend to be sedentary, Although some can be nomadic and wander in search of food.

    The white cockatoos they are very bright and curious birds. They have the ability to use tools, as the use of a branch to scratch your back. They are monogamous, with couple bonds lasting lifetime. They can fall into a deep depression if you lose your partner.

    Habitat White Cockatoo:

    Video – "White cockatoo" (Cacatua alba)

    Presentation of the cockatoo alba

    They live in lowland forests below 900 m, as well as in mangrove forests, plantations and agricultural land.
    they are particularly common around the edge of clearings and rivers. They spend most of their time in the tops of the trees. The secondary vegetation high is its preferred habitat.

    White Cockatoo Reproduction:

    It nests in the hollows of trees. They lay two eggs and two birds hatch for a few 28 days. The larger hatchling tends to take dominance over the smaller hatchling, which will not be able to survive.. The chicks leave the nest to the 84 days old and are independent around 15-18 weeks. These birds reach sexual maturity at the age of 3-4 years.

    White Cockatoo feeding:

    In nature it feeds mainly on Tree fruits. They are often seen feeding on papaya, Durian, complexioned and rambutan. It has also seen them will eat crickets and lizards. They often feed on corn that grows in the fields, sometimes doing considerable damage.

    Distribution:

    Size of its range (reproduction / resident): 51.400 km2

    The white cockatoo It found in rainforests on the islands of Halmahera, Bacan, Ternate, Ternate, Kasiruta and Mandioli in the north of the Moluccas of Indonesian.

    Conservation:

    Appears as vulnerable by the IUCN and placed in Appendix II in 1981.

    In their natural environment, the white cockatoo is a species vulnerable Due to the decrease in number due to habitat loss natural, as well as for the capture for the illegal bird trade. There are restrictions on the number of birds that can be exported, but BirdLife International He says that this is being exceeded by up to 18 times the agreed number in some areas.

    It can cause substantial damage to Corn crops.

    World population: 43,000 – 183,000 individuals.

    The White Cockatoo in captivity:

    The White cockatoo You can live more than 60 years. It is very common in poultry farming and it is perhaps one of the most frequent pet cockatoos.

    They are sympathetic, calm, beautiful, sweets and easy to domesticate. Bred to porridge they are usually wonderful pets, You can play some words but are not good talkers. These birds in captivity require mental stimulation almost constant. They are in constant motion, up and doing gymnastics. When lack of mental stimulation, often they are become neurotic, booting the feathers to the point of causing areas of baldness.

    They are known for being very affectionate with their human companions, acting more like a dog than a bird in this regard as.

    In the absence of a partner, captive white cockatoos will bond with their keeper as if that person were their mate.

    Alternative names:

    White cackatoo, Great White Cockatoo, White Cockatoo, White-crested Cockatoo (ingles).
    Cacatoès blanc, Grand Cacatoès blanc (French).
    Weißhaubenkakadu (German).
    Catatua-branca (Portuguese).
    Cacatúa Alba, Cacatúa Blanca, Cacatúa Copete Blanco, Cacatúa de Goffin (español).

    scientific classification:

    Order: Psittaciformes
    Family: Cacatuidae
    Genus: Cockatoo
    Scientific name: Cacatua alba
    Citation: (Statius Müller, 1776)
    Protonimo: Psittacus albus

    White Cockatoo Images:



    Species of the genus Cacatua

    Sources:

    Avibase
    – Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
    – Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
    Birdlife
    avimarparrots.es

    Photos:

    (1) – commons.wikimedia.org
    (2) – Adam Lysican

    Sounds: Mike Nelson (Xeno-canto)

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    Short-billed black cockatoo
    Zanda latirostris

    Short-billed black cockatoo

    Content

    Description

    54 to 56 cm.. height and a weight between 520 and 790 g.
    The Short-billed black cockatoo (Zanda latirostris) It is a large black cockatoo..

    It has great bill black, crest erectile, white spot in the area ear and white panels on the tail. The female It is similar except patch area ear large and slightly yellowish white.
    The immature Similar to adult female.
    Closely related to Baudin's black cockatoo (Zanda baudinii). They were formerly treated as a single species.

    Habitat:

    Mainly inhabits in native forests eucalyptus and shrubland or heathland. Visit temporarily plantations exotic pines.
    Sometimes you see them in cities or at the edges of roads. It is also a visible visitor to the gardens containing native plants with hard fruits around Perth.

    Usually they see them in groups of three or in small flocks, but occasionally gather in large flocks composed of hundreds or, exceptionally, thousands of birds. Sometimes it is associated with Baudin's black cockatoo (Zanda baudinii) wave Red-tailed black cockatoo (Zanda Banksia) in places where food is plentiful.

    The species is said to be Residents in areas of high rainfall They are retaining much native vegetation and are emigrants of the driest regions and places where most of the native vegetation has been removed.

    Reproduction:

    They do not breed until they are at least four years old..
    Adult birds They mate for life, and stay together throughout the year.
    Reproduction occurs mainly in the region Wheatbelt, northwest of the Stirling Range about Three Springs, but it has also recorded on the coastal plain in the South West, about Bunbury.
    The reproductive activity It is limited to eucalyptus forests. They make their nests in large holes in the top of the eucalyptus.

    The eggs They are white or cream, and they have no marks. Son incubated by female only, for a period of 28 to 29 days. The nestlings are fed by both parents, Although during the first 10 to 14 days after hatching they are fed exclusively by the female.

    Adults return to the same breeding area each year.

    Food:

    It feeds mainly from seeds and occasionally nectar, fruit and insect larvae.

    Distribution:

    Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 196.000 km2

    Endemic southwest Australia.

    Conservation:

    State of conservation ⓘ


    Endangered Endangered (UICN)ⓘ

    • Current category of the Red List of the UICN: In danger of extinction.

    • Population trend: Decreasing.

    On the basis of the distribution of birds during the breeding season, the total population of the Short-billed black cockatoo it has been estimated that is between the 11 000 and 60 000 birds, although there are those who affirm that its population could count on less than 10 000 birds.

    The decline of this species It is mainly due to the loss and fragmentation of habitat. This has been caused by the clearing of native vegetation, mainly for agricultural purposes, Since the mid-20th century.

    No specific information available on future changes in population size. But, the range of the species is thought to continue to contract for some time, which leads to a concomitant decrease in population size.

    "Short-billed black cockatoo" in captivity:

    A program captive breeding It was established in 1996 by the Department of Conservation and Land Management (CALM), in association with poultry farmers and licensed Zoo of Perth.
    The genetic diversity of the captive population is enhanced by an 'abandoned' program’ that rehabilitates injured birds in the wild and then incorporates them into captive breeding.

    Some eggs and chicks are caught illegally for sale in the markets of poultry. Although the demand for the species is said to have declined over the past decade, high market prices (approximately 3.000 dollars per bird and 5,000 $ couple) together with the scarce success of breeding captive birds, They suggest that Illegal take of this cockatoo will continue to be a continuing threat to the survival of this species..

    scientific classification:

    Order: Psittaciformes
    Family: Cacatuidae
    Genus: Zanda
    Scientific name: Zanda latirostris
    Citation: Carnaby, 1948
    Protonimo: Zanda latirostris

    Alternative names:

    Slender-billed Black-Cockatoo, Carnaby’s Black Cockatoo, Mallee Cockatoo, Short-billed Black Cockatoo, Mallee Cockatoo, Short-billed Black Cockatoo, (English).
    Cacatoès à rectrices blanches, Cacatoès de Carnaby (French).
    Carnabys Weißohr-Rabenkakadu, Weißschwanz-Rußkakadu (German).
    Cacatua-negra-de-bico-curto (Portuguese).
    Cacatúa Fúnebre de Pico Corto, Cacatúa Fúnebre Piquicorta (español).

    Images Black-billed Black Cockatoo:



    Species of the genus Zanda
  • Zanda funerea
  • —- Zanda funeral funeral
  • —- Zanda funerea whiteae
  • —- Zanda funerary xanthanota
  • Zanda baudinii
  • Zanda latirostris

  • Sources:
    Avibase
    – Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
    – Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
    Birdlife

    Photos: Wikipedia, lostandcold (Flickr), Rabenkakadus – Wikipedia, Gnangarra…commons.wikimedia.org

    Sounds: Nigel Jackett