The Cobalt-winged Parakeet(Brotogeris cyanoptera) measured 15-21 cm.. in height and weighs around 67 g. Distinguishable on the fly by the cobalt blue of the the flight feathers; forecrown yellow and crown with blue dye; chin orange.
Has the tail short and acute. Its bill opaque beige es
(Berlepsch, 1889) – Has the forecrown light green, shoulder yellow and only a patch blue in half of the wing
.
Habitat:
Very common. It is found in secondary forest, riparian, edges and savanna, until the 600 m (occasional over of 1000 m). Fly in small flocks of 10 to 20 individuals (rare in couples), feed in the canopy.
Reproduction:
It nests in hollow and termite mounds on tree.
Food:
Its diet probably the same as for most species Brotogeris: fruit nectar, figs, berries and seeds.
Distribution:
Its population is distributed between the East of Colombia, Southwest of Venezuela to the North of Bolivia and Brazilian Amazon.
32 cm. medium length and a weight between 300 and 400 g..
The Cape Parrot(Poicephalus robustus) has the head, neck and throat between olive brown and olive yellow, with darker spots (almost black in some birds), especially in the crown; lores and cheeks blackish; pale red frontal band, is present, occasionally, in males (generally evident in females).
The mantle feathers and scapulars dark green opaque, bright green-edged; rump bright green.
Coverts on the leading edges of the wings, Since the carpal joints at the base of the primaries, bright orange red; upper wing coverts, dark green to black, with lighter green edges; below, the feathers of the wings blackish and green. The primaries and secondaries black top, dark brown below. High area of the chest, stomach and vent, bright green; the thighs orange red glossy. Upper, the tail black; undertail, dark brown.
Some birds (around the 10%) have feathers yellow in the plumage spread.
Bill color horn; irises dark brown to reddish brown; legs bluish grey.
The females, generally (Although not always), they have well defined orange red frontal band.
The youth lack of color marks orange red envelope the wing-coverts and the thighs, but tend to show a bit of red in the forecrown.
In a study initiated in 1992, the taxonomic status of Lorito was revised Robusto (Poicephalus robustus) (Gmelin), and two species were proposed; Poicephalus robustus, restricted to montane forests of southern Africa, Poicephalus fuscicollis suahelicus, with wider distribution in wooded areas, and Poicephalus fuscicollis fuscicollis, similar to the Poicephalus fuscicollis suahelicus ostensibly, but with discontinuous, restricted to a narrow range of forests and West Africa.
(Reichenow, 1898) – Of larger size the species nominal, the male has the head and the neck a silvery gray and lacks the reddish frontal band. The female has orange colouring in the the thighs and in the shoulders and in the cere, while the male not. Blue tint in the rump.
Poicephalus robustus fuscicollis
(Kuhl, 1820) – The smaller subspecies. With more blue tones, especially in rump and bottom of the back.
Habitat:
They live in a variety of forest types, including Red Mangroves (Rhizophora mangle) (for example, in Gambia), riparian forests (for example in Ghana, Zimbabwe), Savanna Woods (for example, Nigeria, Ivory Coast), in montane forests at altitudes of 3,750m (for example, east of Zaire), in lowland forests (for example, South Zaire).
The birds of the Southern Africa they have favoritism by the Acacia mearnsii and Podocarpus forests at altitudes between 1.000 and 1,700 m, separating attitudinally and ecologically in the subspecies suahelicus, It occurs in lowland forests.
The birds of the Southern Africa (also perhaps other species) they form communal roosts before spreading to power remote areas (until 90 km) in small flocks.
Sometimes seen separately but more usually found in groups of up to 20 birds (sometimes 50). It forms mixed flocks with peers.
The season of breeding varies with locality. In Gambia, reportedly, breeding takes place between the months of February and April, While in Zimbabwe It is estimated to be between the months of March to June, and between October and November. In South Africa, breeding takes place in June and between August and October.
The laying tends to be of 3 to 4 eggs.
During the courtship the male feeds the female making exaggerated turns his head and dropping their wings to form a kind of layer around the lower half of your body. The pair shows a strong union ties and they spend much time grooming each other.
Food:
In Zimbabwe, In addition to daily trips in search of food, seasonal movements are performed in search of Uapaca and fruits of Sysygium.
Has been feeding of millet in Zimbabwe and Malawi, of peanuts harvested in Gambia and, occasionally, visiting gardens of Apple trees, but numerous enough to be considered a plague serious nowhere.
The birds of the Southern Africa feed almost exclusively on fruit of the Podocarpus, long as they are available.
Use the peak to climb between the branches when they feed in the trees; They also feed on the ground. The Cape Parrot make daily trips to secret locations for drinking water.
Distribution:
Probably occupy three zones separated, in the West, South-Central and South of Africa.
In West Africa, are from Gambia and South of Senegal to the East of Ghana and Togo.
In the Center-South of Africa, from the southwest of Congo, South and East of Zaire, Southwest of Uganda, Rwanda and from the center of Tanzania to the North of Namibia, North of Botswana, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
Flocks of foraging roam unpredictably and can remain away from traditional sites for weeks. Sometimes they make seasonal movements in relation to the availability of food, for example, in the northern savannas of Ghana.
Local and mostly uncommon across the range, Although more numerous and frequent in Ghana.
(Reichenow, 1898) – Are distributed by the center of Angola; Southeast of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda and South of Tanzania until Zimbabwe, North of Mozambique, and far northeast of South Africa; in populations along the lower Congo River the three subspecies can mix.
Poicephalus robustus fuscicollis
(Kuhl, 1820) – Are distributed from the South of the Senegal and Gambia to the North of Ghana
In 1988 included for the first time in the red list of threatened species by the IUCN as least concern species.
The size of its current population is estimated at less than 1.600 birds in their natural habitat.
Why not join this parrot species in critical hazard is due to the subspecies of this they comprise an area of diffusion much greater than that of the nominal species, whereupon, This leads to a growth in the population of subspecies and the decrease of the nominal species. The subspecies occupy all the Central Africa and Western, while the Poicephalus robustus only lives in some provinces of South Africa as they are Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal and Limpopo.
Over time the Poicephalus robustus, they have drastically dropped its population due to the uncontrolled felling of the forests of Sandalwood to manufacture furniture. Thus reaching that there is only two percent of the forest of Sandalwood.
Diffusion area of Poicephalus fuscicollis and Poicephalus robustus
In captive the Cape Parrot it is found in small quantities by several countries of Europe and without many successful breeding advances, so the first objective to preserve the nominal species is to control the logging of forests, Since the Cape Parrot they have to travel many miles to feed, as there is no food have to descend to feed from the crop fields where many die because they are hunted by the owners of the fields. Forests are also needed in the life of the Poicephalus robustus since they nest in cavities of the trees, they feed on.
The legal and illegal trade It is another point to be highlighted in the conservation of this species. Since 1998 the countries with the most legal exports have been Tanzania, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Ivory Coast. What makes think that the nominal species It has been the least affected in the terms of trade while the subspecies they have been the most affected and the most marketed. This can be known by looking at the area of diffusion of the subspecies and the countries with the most exports made..
The diseases they are also a major threat, above all in the nominal species. The disease of PBFD or beak and feather disease (Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease virus) is that more deaths has caused to the Poicephalus robustus.
"Cape Parrot" in captivity:
It is very similar in nature to the Grey Parrot.
Its capacity for imitation is still little known since, for years, has been very difficult to get in poultry farming.
Not advisable to keep mixed aviaries. Son quiet and depending on their way of breeding (natural or by hand) and previous experiences, they can be quite confident and curious, even without being hand reared do not usually take to commit themselves. As pets they are very Welcome to, Smart and affectionate, with a very good character.
Captive breeding of this species may be the last hope of saving it from total extinction.. The number of specimens in captivity is low, but enough, If handled properly to strengthen the species.
In terms of their longevity, according to sources, a Cape Parrot lived 29,7 years in captivity. In captivity, These birds can be raised from the 5 years of age.
Alternative names:
– Cape Parrot, Brown necked Parrot, Brown-necked Parrot, Cape or Brown-necked Parrot, Gray-headed Parrot, Grey-headed Parrot (English).
– Perroquet à cou brun, Perroquet du Cap, Perroquet du Cap ou P. à cou brun, Perroquet robuste (French).
– Graukopfpapage, Kap Papagei, Kappapagei (German).
– Papagaio-de-bico-grosso (Portuguese).
– Lorito Robusto, Loro de El Cabo, Lorito del Cabo (español).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Wikipedia
– Loromania
– Mundoexotics
– Photos:
(1) – To Brown-necked Parrot at Jurong Bird Park, Singapore By Peter so [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Cape Parrot en Benvie, Karkloof, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa By Alan Manson [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Youth, captive, friendly Poicephalus robustus fuscicollis by Bob Corrigan – Flickr
(4) – Male Cape parrot (Poicephalus robustus). Image credit: Cyril Laubscher – SCI-news.com
(5) – Cape parrot flying low over to wild plum tree. Africa's most endangered parrot like never before... (Rodnick Biljon) – nationalgeographic
(6) – Diffusion area of Poicephalus fuscicollis and Poicephalus robustus By Juan Caparrós (Own work) [GFDL or CC BY-SA 4.0-3.0-2.5-2.0-1.0], via Wikimedia Commons
The Cactus Parakeet(Eupsittula cactorum) has the forecrown, lores lower cheeks and brown off; crown with slaty tinge; sides neck, the nape and upperparts up to the rump grass-green.
The primary coverts They are bluish green in the outerweb, the remaining are green grass. Flight feathers (above) green on innerwebs, blue green on outerweb, blue black at the tips (below) gray. Underwing-coverts greenish yellow. Throat and upper breast dull brown; lower breast and belly fairly bright orange-yellow, the thighs and vent greenish-yellow color. Uppertail green, four distal blue central feathers; undertail gray.
upper jaw horn, greyish at base and lower jaw; perioftálmico patch naked white; irises brown-orange; gray-gray legs.
Both sexes similar. Immature paler than adult, with crown green, more olive upper chest and throat, and the irises darker.
Its distribution area closely matches the dried vegetation and prickly caatinga Northeast Brazil, but it encompasses higher drier semi-desert areas created by overgrazing and dry forests (caatinga arborea) and seasonal savannah lusher (closed). Usually in pairs or (mainly outside the breeding season) flocks of up to 20 birds, most abundant where food is abundant (as rice crops).
Reproduction:
Crianza undocumented released. Clutch six eggs in captivity.
Food:
The diet includes seeds, fruits (including cactus), berries, dried fruits, flowers and cocoons, taken both trees and shrubs and soil. Sometimes it attacks crops (for example rice, grapes and corn).
Distribution and status:
Population expansion (breeding/resident): 1.220.000 km2
Distributed by the interior Northeast Brazil. The Cactus Parakeet extending from the drier parts of Bay and adjacent northeast Minas Gerais, Brazil north through Piauí and Southeast of maranhão, up to Pernambuco and Paraíba, passing by Rio Grande do Norte and Ceará. Absent in coastal areas: a record of Bethlehem at the mouth of amazon in For It seems wrong or possibly refers to a leak.
It is usually common (the most common parrot in some localities) with a stable population, although the decline is inevitable in some areas due to massive loss of habitat by agriculture and plantations of exotic trees. Continuing degradation and conversion caatinga by grazing and cultivation they represent a long-term threat. Present in the Serra da Capivara National Park. Any Local persecution due to predation crop. Atrapada to trade small numbers in captivity.
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.
• Population trend: Stable.
• Population size : Unknown.
Rationale for the Red List category
The trend population seems to be stable and, therefore, the species does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the criterion of population trend (> 30% decrease in ten years or three generations). The population size has not been quantified, but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the criterion of population size (<10.000 mature individuals with an estimated> 10% continuous decline in ten years or three generations, or with a specific population structure). For these reasons, the species is evaluated as Least concern.
Justification of the population
The size of the world's population has not been quantified, but this species is described as “quite common” (Stotz et to the. (1996).
Justification trend
It is suspected that the population is stable the absence of evidence of any reduction or substantial threat.
Threats
Local persecution because of the invasion of crops. This species is also trapped for pet bird trade.
"Cactus Parakeet" in captivity:
Young birds are removed from their nest before they can fly, and then sold, for example, at the fair in inner cities.
These birds can become very tame, and it is not rare to see a Cactus Parakeet living “on freedom” in the owner's house, as a member of the family so to speak. It however is seeing a rare bird in captivity outside their range. It is not as common as other more familiar species of aratinga. It also, usually they reach very high prices.
The illegal trade It has greatly reduced the population of these Aratingas in nature, and threatens the survival of the species in many areas. Habitat destruction appears to be a minor problem.
(1) – A pet Caatinga Parakeet in Riachão do Jacuípe, Baiano northeast, Brazil By Paulo Marcos from Painted-BA, Brazil (Periquito MartinsUploaded by snowmanradio) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Caatinga Parakeet (also known as Cactus Parakeet) in Brazil By Phillipe (Picasa Web Albums) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Eupsittula cactorum – cactus conure – Cactus conure – conure cactus by Florin Feneru – Flickr
(4) – Parakeet CAATINGA (Eupsittula cactorum) by Cantosdanatureza WITH
(5) – Cactus Parakeet — aratinga cactacea by Animal Encyclopedia 2
(6) – Cactus parakeet – conographie parrots :.Paris :P. Bertrand,1857.. biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47804387
The height of the Blue-fronted Parrotlet(Touit dilectissimus) varies between the 15 and 18 cm.. It is differentiated by the red line that goes from the bill towards the back of the eye and below the eye ring white, and blue bordering the red line from the forecrown up to the back side of. Wings with the part inside red and yellow, evident on the fly, shoulder and external margin of the wings red, crown and nape green.
Tail with black border, Yellow ends and green central part.
The female have the Red of the shoulder reduced or absent.
Uncommon and surly. It lives in humid forest that is often cloudy and has tall stubble., between 700 and 1700 meters above sea level (apparently with migration to the 3000 m). ANDA in pairs or groups of 15 or more, lie quietly in the canopy.
In-flight calls are based on mild or sharp notes repeated several times between pauses. Calls are stronger during the flight.
Reproduction:
It nests in termite mounds on tree.
Food:
It feeds on small seeds, fruits and flowers.
Distribution:
Can be seen in freedom from Panama, Colombian Pacific to the Northwest of Ecuador, and in the northeast of Colombia and Northwest of Venezuela.
Conservation:
State of conservation ⓘ
Minor Concern ⓘ(UICN)ⓘ
Appreciated a decrease of the species due to deforestation at the local level (in particular in Colombia).
The population size World has not been quantified, but this species is described as “rare” (Stotz et to the. 1996).
The population is suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence of any reduction or substantial threats.
"Blue-fronted Parrotlet" in captivity:
These birds are rare to see them in captivity. Any person possessing one has to know that it can not be put into freedom, It must be part of a well-managed maintenance program to ensure the continued existence of this species.
Alternative names:
– Blue-fronted Parrotlet, Blue fronted Parrotlet, Red-winged Parrotlet (ingles).
– Toui à front bleu (French).
– Kronenpapagei, Kronen-Papagei (German).
– Touit dilectissimus (Portuguese).
– Cotorrita Cariazul, Lorito de Alas Amarillas (español).
– Periquito Alirrojo (Colombia).
– Churiquita (Venezuela).
– Periquito frentiazul (Ecuador).
The Red-fronted Parrot(Poicephalus gulielmi)has the forecrown and crown bright red; the lores and chin blackish; cheeks, back of the crown and nape dark green with scattered feathers showing blackish centers.
The mantle feathers and scapulars Black with large green edges that give scalloped appearance; rump and uppertail-coverts bright yellowish green .
Wing coverts black with a dark green margin; leading edge of the wings from joints carpal to the base of the primaries bright red. The primaries and secondaries black. Under, the wing feathers dark green and black.
Underparts dark green with scattered feathers showing a black central band; the thighs bright red. The tail black.
Top of the mandible grey, Blackish towards the tip with pale base stains, lower jawBlackish r; Orange the irises; legs dark grey to black.
Both sexes similar.
The youth lack of red color in the forecrown, the edge of the wings and the thighs; Green in a little paler than the adults plumage. Young birds sometimes show red color in the feathers of the wings. The irises is dark brown.
Description 3 subspecies:
Poicephalus gulielmi fantiensis
(Neumann, 1908) – Smaller that the species nominal. Forehead, leading edge of the wings and the thighs Orange or orange-red (but not red) and more extensive, in some birds. Underparts paler green with fewer black markings.
(Fischer & Reichenow, 1884) – Restricted red in the forecrown. Paler than the species nominal, with few or no black marks on the underparts.
Habitat:
The Red-fronted Parrot They inhabit montane forests of Juniperus and Podocarpus in Kenya and Tanzania, between 1,800 and 3,250 meters above sea level, where may depend on the primary vegetation.
Confined in the lowlands the rest of the population rainforest (below 700 metres in West Africa), but are not limited to the primary formations, There are records of the Red-fronted Parrot perched on tall trees of shade coffee plantations in Angola and in secondary forests of Ghana.
Usually stays in the tree tops, While they feed or rest.
In general, seen in groups of up to 10 birds, forming large flocks where abundant food. Large congregations, sometimes, in places.
In Kenya, the Red-fronted Parrot they make long daytime journeys of foraging (60km) along gallery forests, or crossing the savanna forest dominated by Acacia.
Reproduction:
The Red-fronted Parrot they breed solitary.
During the mating, males sway rhythmically, without moving the wings, while standing behind the female's back.
The nest is located in a cavity between 3 and 12 meters above the ground.
The egg laying It has been recorded in November to January in Tanzania, September in Zaire and March, June and from September to November in Kenya. The implementation is of between 2 and 4 eggs bright white.
Food:
Its diet It is believed that it is composed of a variety of seeds, fruits, flowers and insects. The seeds of Spathodea, oil palm nuts (Elaeis guineensis), fruits of the Podocarpus flowers and seeds of Grevillea robusta. Probably some insects are also part of their diet.
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 5.380.000 km2
Several apparently separated distributions.
In West Africa are distributed to the East of Liberia until Ivory Coast and South of Ghana.
In the Center-West of Africa, South of Cameroon to the Northwest of Angola. A seemingly separate population extends to the North of Zaire and South of the Central African Republic to the southwest of Uganda and Rwanda. Also found in the Highlands of Kenya and North of Tanzania.
Sedentary with local movements. Locally common to abundant in many localities in part of its eastern range, apparently, the decrease in other areas is possibly due to deforestation.
Distribution 3 subspecies:
Poicephalus gulielmi fantiensis
(Neumann, 1908) – High Guinea, rainforests of West Africa, in Liberia, Ivory Coast and South of Ghana.
Keep a Red-fronted Parrot as a pet it has steadily increased in popularity in recent years, and as a result, the species has been the subject of intense trade on the market of wild birds. His capture may represent a significant threat to the species, in particular for the population around the Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, fact that could lead to the local extinction of the species in that area.
The Red-fronted Parrot is also at risk from the deforestation in parts of its area of distribution. But, the species is still distributed over a wide area and is not currently considered globally threatened, even though global population trends have yet to be quantified.
The species is included in the Appendix II the Convention on international trade in endangered species (CITES), that means that the international trade of the Red-fronted Parrot It must be carefully checked. But, a key problem in many areas is the lack of adequate legislation, and the lack of compliance with the legislation in which it does exist.
The wild trade in this bird and the destruction of their forest habitat may have a better follow-up to ensure that populations of the Red-fronted Parrot not to suffer future decreases.
"Red-fronted Parrot" in captivity:
Probably the first hatchlings of Red-fronted Parrot born in in captivity were achieved in 1978, in Switzerland and England Although already in advance, in the middle of the 90, specimens had arrived at zoos in London and Hamburg.
The Red-fronted Parrot is little known in Spain, but in other countries it is very common as a pet thanks to its size, its great intelligence, its capacity for imitation and its character quiet and loving, but at the same time playful and naughty.
It is soft and musical, and their cry is quite bearable. In general, is a bird bit noisy, which can be an asset to a future owner who lives in an apartment.
They are very destructive, or both must provide them with abundant branches and non-toxic toys for chopping and shredding.
In terms of their longevity, according to sources, one specimen was still alive after 21 years in captivity.
Alternative names:
– Red-fronted Parrot, Jardine’s Parrot, Red fronted Parrot, Red-crowned Parrot, Red-headed Parrot, William’s Fig Parrot (English).
– Perroquet à calotte rouge, Perroquet à front rouge, Perroquet de Jardine, Perroquet vert à calotte rouge (French).
– Kongopapagei, Kongo Papagei (German).
– Papagaio-de-jardine (Portuguese).
– Lorito de Jardine, Lorito Frentirrojo, Loro Jardinero (español).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Arkive
– Photos:
(1) – A Red-fronted Parrot at Birds of Eden, South Africa By Dick Daniels (http://carolinabirds.org /) (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 or GFDL], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Photograph of a couple of Poicephalus gulielmi By derivative work: Snowmanradio (talk)Poicephalus_gulielmi_pareja_reproductora. JPG: Juan Caparrós (Poicephalus_gulielmi_pareja_reproductora. JPG) [CC BY-SA 3.0 or GFDL], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – P. g. fantiensis at Birds of Eden, South Africa By Poicephalus_gulielmi_-Birds_of_Eden_-South_Africa-8a.jpg: Grahamderivative work: Snowmanradio [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – A juvenile pet Red-fronted Parrot (also known as Jardine’s Parrot) By Bram Cymet (originally posted to Flickr as Amazon) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Fledgeling Lesser Jardines Parrot eating vegetables By Kofiwannacracker (Own work) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
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Male and female adults of Carolina parrot(Conuropsis carolinensis) They were identical in plumage, however males were slightly larger than females.
Most of the plumage It was green with underparts light green. The primary feathers They were mainly green, but with yellow edges in outer primary. The shoulders They were yellow, continuing along the outer edge of the wings. The the thighs They were green and yellow up to the feet. The legs and feet They were light brown. The most distinctive feature of this species was the forecrown and face orange. The feathers orange spread to behind the eyes and upper cheeks (lores). The skin around the eyes It was white and bill They were pale flesh color. The plumage of the head It was completely bright.
The immature They differed slightly in coloration of adults. The face and all body They were green, with underparts paler. They lacked yellow or orange plumage on the face, wings and thighs. The young were covered in mouse-gray gray, up to approximately 39-40 days when the wings and queues green. The chicks had full adult plumage around 1 año de edad.
The habitats Preferred of Carolina parrot were the heavily vegetated and heavily forested lands that bordered swamps and rivers.. These parrots also lived on agricultural land and ate the crops.. Anidaban in large groups of hollow shafts. The forests of sicomoro and swamp cypress. (” Parakeets”, 2000; Fuller, 2001; Mauler, 2001; Snyder and Russell, 2002)
They were traveling in flocks of 100 to 1000 birds. Anidaban up 30 birds in a nest. They were supposed to be Monogamie. It was about very social birds, it was probably one of the many factors that led to their extinction. When a man shot a bird, fellow herd member flitted over his lost flock, making them vulnerable too. Farmers were shooting all flock to save their crops. It is doubtful that the Carolina parrot migrated, as seen in the northern states during the cold winters. They were attracted to salt pacifiers and were observed ingesting saline waters., earth and sand.
The Carolina parrot They are walking, They are jumping and climbing trees using their beaks as a third leg. Its flight was registered as a fast and elegant, but very noisy as birds rarely stayed silent during flight. Were involved in cleaning and grooming to keep their social cohesion. During the day they rested, slept or sunbathed. They fed in the morning and evening. (“Parakeets”, 2000;”Nature Serve, Conuropsis carolinensis”, 2005; Howell, 1932; Rising, 2004; Snyder and Russell, 2002; Strattersfield y Capper, 2000)
Reproduction:
Some sources say that Carolina parrot they were Monogamie, having only one partner for life. But, no studies were conducted on mating systems and many birds apparently shared nests. (Laycock, Audobon Magazine, March of 1969; Snyder and Russell, 2002)
There is little information available upon the reproduction of this species. They reproduced in spring, producing 2 to 5 eggs These perpetual Nidada, which then incubaban during 23 days. (Snyder and Russell, 2002; Snyder and Russell, 2002)
Food:
The Carolina parrot ate mainly seeds of genre Xanthium. They also consumed the fruits and seeds many other plants, as well as flower buds and, occasionally, insects. They were recorded as ruin of many fruit crops. They would pluck the immature fruit from the tree and eat the seeds. Flocks could ruin the fruit of a tree in a matter of minutes. When they ate, the Carolina parrot They are taking food with their beaks, they placed them in their claws and held them while using their beaks to eat them.. (Greenway, JR. 1967; Howell, 1932; Snyder and Russell, 2002; Strattersfield y Capper, 2000; Greenway, JR. 1967; Howell, 1932; Snyder and Russell, 2002; Strattersfield y Capper, 2000)
Distribution:
the former Conuropsis carolinensis It was found from southern Florida until North Carolina and in coastal areas as far north as New York City. The Carolina parrot he was in the states Gulf as far west as Texas eastern and northern along the rivers Arkansas, Missouri, Mississippi and Ohio and its tributaries. They were also recorded in South Dakota, Iowa, Wisconsin, Michigan, Ohio and W.V.. The westernmost appearances were in eastern Colorado. (” Nature Serve, Conuropsis carolinensis”, 2005; Fuller, 2001; Laycock, Audobon Magazine, March of 1969; Snyder and Russell, 2002)
This species was previously in the southeastern United States, but now it is EXTINCT, primarily as a result of persecution. The last wild records are of the subspecies Conuropsis carolinensis ludoviciana in 1910.
The main causes of extinction of the species were the persecution (for feeding, crop protection, poultry production and trade of hats for ladies), and also deforestation (especially lowland), probably aggravated by his gregarious nature (Saikku 1991), and competition with introduced bees (McKinley 1960).
"Carolina Parakeet †" in captivity:
One of the reasons for his extinction was the hunting of birds in the wild before their attempt to breed in captivity to sell them as pets, possibly because it was more profitable for them and it was difficult for them to breed in captivity. They could live up to 30 years in captivity.
Alternative names:
– Carolina Conure, Carolina Parakeet, Carolina Paroquet, Louisiana Parakeet (English).
– Conure de Caroline, Perriche à tête jaune, Perruche à tête jaune, Perruche de la Caroline du Sud (French).
– Carolinasittich, Karolinasittich (German).
– Periquito-da-carolina (Portuguese).
– Cotorra de Carolina (español).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Animal Diversity Web
– Photos:
(1) – axidermied Carolina Parakeet. Teaching and research collections, Laval University Library By Cephas (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Conuropsis carolinensis (Linnaeus, 1758) – the extinct Carolina parakeet (mount, public display, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, USA). By James St. John (Conuropsis carolinensis (Carolina parakeet) 2) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Mounted specimen of Conuropsis carolinensis, Museum Wiesbaden, Germany By Fritz Geller-Grimm (Own work) [CC BY-SA 2.5], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Taxodermic bird specimen in the Fairbanks Museum and Planetarium, St. Johnsbury, Vermont, USA. By Daderot (Own work) [CC0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Conuropsis carolinensis Linnaeus, 1758 by Huub Veldhuijzen van Zanten / Naturalis [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Carolina Parakeet (Conuropsis carolinensis) by Biodiversity Heritage Library – Flickr
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The head of the Caica Parrot(Pyrilia caica) totally black is it more distinguishable from this species, together with a collar Golden cafesoso that extends up to the chest.
The rest of the body usually Green, more clear in the belly and the inside of the tail; wing
with blue stain and dark ends, Tip of the tail black.
Bill color bone; ring eyepiece bare of color grey pale; Orange irises.
The youth with crown green, face Dark greenish yellow, and collar not very notorious gold in neck and almost absent in chest.
Sound of the Caica Parrot.
Habitat:
Inhabits little disturbed humid forests, firm ground, in Tepuis, from the 50 to the 1100 m. gregarious, They walk in small groups. They feed in the canopy of the forest.
Reproduction:
Currently with little information about the reproduction.
Food:
In the wild, It believes that its diet consists mainly of eucalyptus flowers, fruit, nectar and pollen.
Distribution:
Can be observed in the South-East of Venezuela, Guyanas and northeast of the brazilian amazon.
Conservation:
• Red List category of the UICN current: Near-threatened
• Population trend: Stable
Justification of the population:
The size of the world population Caica Parrot It has not been quantified, although this species is described as 'rare’ (Stotz et to the., 1996).
Justification trend :
This species is suspected that it may lose 13,6-17,2% of habitat within its distribution over three generations (21 years) based on a model of deforestation of the Amazonia (Soares-Filho et to the., 2006, Bird et to the. 2011).
Given the susceptibility of this species to the hunting and/or entrapment, It is suspected that its population will decrease at a rate close to the 30% in three generations.
"Caica Parrot" in captivity:
They adult acclimatised quite easily to a new environment and are very resistant … Conversational skills (in comparison with other species).
They are very quiet in an Aviary, with a personality friendly and Gentile. They are very sociable and it should be with a partner or in a group environment. In any way, It is not easy to see to the Caica Parrot in captivity.
Origin: Malaysia, Brunei, India, Indonesian, Thailand
Character: active, Shy
Life expectancy: ---
Height: Of 40 to 48 cm..
Content
Description:
Of 40 to 48 cm.. length and 168 to 196 g. of weight.
The Long-tailed Parakeet(Psittacula longicauda) has the plumage, in general, green. The throat, the chest and the abdomen are greenish-yellow; and lores (the regions between the eyes and the beak, on both sides of the head) are bluish-black. The crown is a green dark, and the sides of the head and nape are pinkish Red. They have a black stripe in the cheeks.
The upperparts is yellowish wash of blue-grey. The lower part of the back is pale-blue. The upperwing-coverts are yellowish. The supracaudales-coverts and infracaudales, as well as the the thighs are pale green. The central feathers of the tail are blue with pale tips and outer feathers are green.
The bill top is red and the lower beak is brown-black color. The irises they are amarillos-blanquecinos, and legs are grey.
The females they have the nape green. The band to their cheeks is dark green, and cheeks superiors are an orange-red live. Their feathers of the tail they are much shorter, and the bill top and bottom are brown-black color.
The young birds they have the head variable green interspersed with orange-red. The feathers of the tail they are shorter, and both the bill top and bottom are brown.
The young male they have a tint blue in the lower part of the back and some birds can have a reddish tint in the bill top.
Immature birds reach your adult plumage When they are near the 30 months of age.
The lutino and other colorations, It is believed that they are mutations observed both in the wild and in captivity.
(Chasen, 1935) – Of an average length of 42 cm.. As the species nominal but but the pinkish red from the sides of the head It is deep orange-red-streaked.
(Fraser, 1845) – Of 48 cm.. Plumage as of the species nominal, but the crown It has a reddish-brown core and a green at the end of feather edging, becoming pink on the back of the head and nape, thus causing in the crown more Brown than green appears in many birds . The black stripe in the lores is more clearly defined, continuing in some birds to form a narrow band in the forecrown. The upper cheeks they have a deep pinkish-Red, orange-red stripes.
Psittacula longicauda nicobarica
(Gould, 1857) – Of 48 cm.. As the species nominal, but the back of the head, the nape and back are greenish-yellow and slightly washed with pale blue. The ear-coverts and cheeks are deep red. The lower part of the back is green.
Psittacula longicauda tytleri
(Hume, 1874) – Of 44 cm.. length. As the species nominal but the back of the head, the nape and back are yellowish green washed with grisaceo-malva. The throat, the chest and the top chest they have a pale bluish tint. The lower part of the back is green.
Habitat:
Video – "Long-tailed Parakeet" (Psittacula longicauda)
The Long-tailed Parakeet distributed over all types of lowland (below 300 metres in Sumatra), Evergreen from mangrove forests, swamps, tropical forests, to plantations of oil palm plantations (Elaeis) and coconut trees. It prefers the edges of high forest, especially with large dead trees, including close cultivated areas.
Flocks of thousands of birds reported in the Islands Andaman and Borneo but smaller groups (minor's 20) they are typically, especially during breeding. They form mixed flocks with the Blue-rumped Parrot (Psittinus cyanurus) in Kalimantan.
The Long-tailed Parakeet It is a restless bird that are constantly in motion. They fly quickly around branches, moving quickly from a tree to another. Although they are usually well camouflaged in green foliage, its continuous chirp betrays its position. They tend to feed shortly after sunrise and resume foraging around sunset..
Reproduction:
The Long-tailed Parakeet nests in tree cavities, usually dead, often to a considerable height (for example, reported nest in a tree of the species Koompassia in Sumatra to 45 meters above sea level); in the andaman islands commonly nest in trees of the species Pterocarpus marsupium; in the Nicobar Islands sometimes in Pandanus, some 4 meters above ground and in larger trees to 10 metres in height.
Breeds in colonies.
The nest It is full of pieces of bark and chewed wood. In the natural habitat, the average clutch consists of 2 to 3 eggs, each one measures 30,6 x 24,7 mm.
During the courtship, the male bows before the female, by spitting up, circular motions with his head and gently touching its beak.
The breeding It is between the months of December-February, Although pigeons have been observed in July in the Malacca Peninsula; Feb-Mar in the Nicobar Islands and Andaman. Reports of eggs in July sunsets in Sumatra.
Food:
The nominal species diet includes plants from Borneo camphor (Dryobalanops sumatrensis) and fruit of the Dillenia; the subspecies nicobarica largely feeds on fruits as the papaya (Carica papaya) and Pandanus; occasionally feed on the outer cover of the betel nuts (Areca catechu). On the other hand, They assail orchards and fruit plantations to feed, for example, of the oil palm plantationsElaeis, grains and seeds, and they can have an important impact in the fields of ripening rice (for example in the Islas Andaman) and fruit of the oil palm plantations (for example in the Malay Peninsula).
Insects and their larvae can also be part of your daily diet; If these parrots seek them actively unknown, but they may be ingested ,probably, While they feed on fruits and flowers.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 877.000 km2
The size of the world population Long-tailed Parakeet It has not been quantified, but the species is described as very common and widespread in southern Borneo, locally common in Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia and common in Brunei, the andaman islands and Nicobar Islands (pit et to the. 1997).
The destruction of forests in the lowlands of Sundaland in Indonesian, as well as in Thailand and Malaysia It has been wide (Kalimantan almost lost the 25% its perennial forest during 1985 to 1.997, and Sumatra almost lost the 30% your coverage 1985), still, the species is still numerous in a number of areas, due to its ability to forage away from forested areas and nest communally. So, the decrease is estimated to have been of the order of 20 to 30% in the last ten years.
Conservation Actions Underway:
– CITES Appendix II.
Conservation Actions Proposed:
– Monitor the species in trade.
– Monitor habitat trends and rates of deforestation in the lowlands of Sundaland using satellite imagery and remote sensing.
– The investigation of the ecology of the species to improve the understanding of the movements it makes.
– Effectively protect significant areas of habitat at key sites, both in strictly protected areas and in multiple use areas.
"Long-tailed Parakeet" in captivity:
Rare in captivity, their mortality is high and breeding successes are rare.
It is a bird very noisy. It is a principle very shy and slow to get your confidence. They don't bathe often, Although they occasionally sit in the rain. They enjoy gnawing fresh branches. The main problems for captive breeding are the difficulty of matching compatible pairs; the Long-tailed Parakeet they usually do not accept a mate that they have not chosen themselves and even if they are breeding pairs, it is very difficult to keep the chicks alive. Sudden deaths no apparent cause they have been reported – possibly as a result of stress.
Some birds may refuse to eat. Have been observed Occasional attacks of females to males, coming to Peck them on the penis, causing them serious injury. It also, these delicate parrots are difficult to acclimatize. Newly imported birds are susceptible to cold, wet conditions. During the acclimatization period, should not be exposed to temperatures below to 24 °C and at no time below 10 ° C.
Given that these parrots are so rare, experts prefer well managed breeding programs the possibility of keeping them captive in private hands.
The size of the clutch average consists of 2 – 4 eggs laid at daily intervals, with an incubation which lasts approximately 23 days. The young leave the nest 7 weeks after hatching and are independent 2 weeks later.
The Long-tailed Parakeet, in any case, you will need a large aviary which is a very active bird and will need plenty of room to move.
It is important to place the bird in a quiet and protected, as well as provide a rest box (22 x 22 x 60 cm.) at all times.
Alternative names:
– Long-tailed Parakeet, Long tailed Parakeet, Malaccan Red-cheeked Parakeet, Malayan Red-cheeked Parakeet, Pink-cheeked Parakeet, Red-cheeked Parakeet (English).
– Perruche à longs brins, Perruche de Malacca (French).
– Langschwanzsittich (German).
– Periquito-mustache-cauda-longa (Portuguese).
– Cotorra Colilarga, Cotorra de Cola Larga (español).
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