The Lord Howe Island Parakeet(Cyanoramphus subflavescens) was a medium-sized green parrot with a head bright green, the crown crimson red in color and a stripe on the eyes; the eyes were red and bill grey. The upperparts They were bright green with a dark red spot on each side of the rump (usually they are hidden by the wings when resting) and a blue border in wings; the underparts were yellowish green.
Both sexes looked similar, but the female It was smaller.
Taxonomic status:
This taxon is considered a subspecies of Cyanoramphus [novaezelandiae or subflavescens] (sensu lato) by some authors.
In 2012, World Bird List of IOC recognized him as a species [IOC world birdnames Archived 2012-08-06 at the Wayback Machine.].
Habitat:
The Lord Howe Island Parakeet It was occasionally observed in flocks. There is little information on their habitats, They probably lived in inhabited forests and cultivated areas of the Lord Howe Island. No information on the use of different habitats for different activities.
Reproduction:
Nothing is known of sexual maturity, life expectancy and natural mortality of this extinct species. But, It has been estimated that the useful life of the Lord Howe Island Parakeet should be similar to the Norfolk Island Parakeet(Cyanoramphus cookii), About three years. the age of sexual maturity is also known populations of this species, although a juvenile female was seen mating with a male just a week after achieving independence, and captive birds are said to have bred when they were less than a year old.
Little else is known of the breeding of the Lord Howe Island Parakeet, probably reproduced in response to weather conditions and food availability, nesting in tree holes or hollow pipes, in crevices between rocks or cliffs.
Food:
Meal Lord Howe Island Parakeet probably consisted of plant material, as seeds, fruit, buds and leaves of native trees and shrubs. Other extant populations ate mainly seeds, fruits and berries, egg yolks, sprouts and flowers, as well as, occasionally, a small number of invertebrates.
• The last record of this species dates from 1869. EXTINCT.
The population declines were mainly due to habitat modification, hunting, poisoning, and the introduction of predators (especially cats and rats).
But, the main threat to the Lord Howe Island Parakeet was the hunting and its capture by settlers. Formerly he abounded in the Lord Howe Island and it was said to be a plague, since it destroyed the crops and orchards of the inhabitants of the island.
There are only two copies of Lord Howe Island Parakeet. From the collection John Gould, taken by John MacGillivray in September of 1853 on tour HMS Herald, and are in the Museum of Natural History [Schodde, R.; & Mason, I.J. (1997). Birds (Columbidae to Coraciidae). In Houston, W.W.K. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 37.2. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne. ISBN 0-643-06456-7 p.147.].
Alternative names:
– Lord Howe Island Parakeet, Lord Howe Island red-crowned parakeet, Lord Howe Parakeet, Red-Fronted Parakeet (English).
– Perruche de Lord Howe (French).
– Lord Howe-Laufsittich (German).
– Periquito de Lord Howe (Portuguese).
– Perico de Lord Howe (español).
• Avibase
• Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
• Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
• Red-crowned Parakeet (Lord Howe Is. subsp.) – profile | NSW Environment & Heritage
Photos:
(1) – Cyanorhamphus subflavescens (Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum. Volume 20) by John Gerrard Keulemans [Public domain]
(2) – Hand coloured lithograph (circa 1928) showing (Cyanorhamphus subflavescens) Which is now a synonym of the Lord Howe Island Red-fronted Parakeet (Gray novaezelandiae subflavescens) From The Birds of Australia (1910-28) by Gregory Macalister Mathews (1876-1949) Artwork by Henrik Gronvold (1858–1940) a Danish bird illustrator. by Henrik Grönvold [Public domain]
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50 to 57 cm.. height and weight between 560 and 770 g.
to Baudin's black cockatoo(Zanda baudinii) is almost entirely of black, with whitish margins in the feathers, patches rounded on them ear-coverts (yellowish to white in the female and Brown to grey in the male), white rectangular panels in the tail.
has a powerful bill (with greatly elongated upper jaw), Black in the male and white-gray color with a black color in the female tip. Iris dark brown surrounded by a eye ring Red in the male and female grey. Tail rounded, crest Erectile and legs greys. birds youth are like adults in appearance, but the bill of the male juvenile is equal to the of the of the female adult. The bill the juvenile male begins to darken after the second year.
Its natural habitat is the dense forests dominated by the Marris (Corymbia calophylla) in the extreme southwest of Australia.
Gregaria, is often seen in groups of three, a pair of adults with a young, or in small groups. Occasionally they gather in large flocks of up to 300 birds during the non-breeding season, usually in places where food is abundant.
Reproduction:
Very little is known about the reproductive biology This cockatoo, such as their reproduction area, nesting events calendar, the nest tree, Characteristics of holes for nests, implementation size, incubation period, incipient and successful nesting period.
Little is known about their reproductive cycle because nests are extremely difficult to locate.. Most of the characteristics of the biology of the species are inferred from the Short-billed black cockatoo.
They show a strong union of couple and probably is pair of by life. They remain together throughout the year, except when the female is incubating eggs. Probably they begin to breed at the age of four. The species breeds in late winter and spring, from August to November or December. Copulation probably takes place three days before laying. The female lays one or two white eggs and you can lay an egg of replacement if the first since egg fails. The incubation lasts a few 29 days and only the female incubates them. The chicks remain in the nest for a maximum of 16 weeks.
The nests are composed of a layer of wood chips, built in large hollow in the high eucalyptus, 30 to 40 cm. in diameter and more than 30 depth cm.
Food:
Are fed mainly from the seeds of MARRI and Karri. They are also fond of the rending of wood, Apart from pierce the bark of trunks in search of larvae. Apple trees and pear trees are frequently visited to enjoy its fruits.
Distribution:
Confined in the South-West of Western Australia, especially among Perth, Albany and Margaret River.
Small captive populations in the Melbourne Zoo, in the Healesville sanctuary in Victoria, and in the Zoo of Perth. The species is bred in captivity with great difficulty.
Conservation:
State of conservation ⓘ
Vulnerable ⓘ(UICN)ⓘ
In Australia is listed as Vulnerable by the law on protection and conservation of biodiversity for the environment.
The total population of the species is estimated at 12.500 individuals, with one downward trend.
Before the inclusion of the threatened species, the annual reproductive rate was of 0,6 per couple, too low to replace the large number of birds that were killed by horticulturists to protect their crops. It is now illegal to shoot these birds, However is it still done.
In captivity:
Appears in the Appendix II of CITES, what limited international trade in the species. It´s illegal capture These wild birds, a penalty of up to 10,000 $. This cockatoo is protected under the Wildlife Conservation Act of Australia.
Alternative names:
– Baudin’s Black Cockatoo, Long-billed Black Cockatoo, White tailed Black Cockatoo (English).
– Cacatoès de Baudin (French).
– Langschnabel-Rußkakadu, Weißohr-Rabenkakadu (German).
– Cacatua-negra-de-bico-longo (Portuguese).
– Cacatúa Fúnebre de Pico Largo, Cacatúa Fúnebre Piquilarga (español).
The Indigo Macaw(Anodorhynchus leari) It is a beautiful Blue Parrot with a long tail. Similar to the Hyacinth Macaw, but much smaller and chunky, with a large yellow spot in the cheeks. It was described for the first time in 1858 by the nephew of Napoleon, Lucien Bonaparte, from an illustration by the famous English illustrator and artist known for his absurd poetry, Edward Lear.
This Parrot, However, remained elusive in nature, and it was only accepted as a distinct species in 1978, When the naturalist Helmut Sick finally found a wild population.
The head, the neck and underparts This Parrot are greenish-blue, While the rest of the body looks like a purple / indigo. The bare skin around the eyes and at the base of the bill It is pale yellow.
The irises are dark brown and the bill, Although predominantly black, You may have a grey stains clear.
Males and females They seem to. The male can have a larger beak and can usually be larger in size, but those differences vary or may be only slight and are not considered reliable for gender identification.
The youth they can be identified by its shorter tail; the upper beak is pale.
They live in drylands, with resistant vegetation of caatinga (thorny scrub), especially in areas with Palm trees Syagrus coronata.
They require sandstone cliffs to perch and nest.
gregarious and in general in flocks, although usually in very small numbers. Shapes communal roosts in cracks eroded near the top of the walls of canyons of sandstone at altitudes between 30 and 50 m. Many birds perch on the largest holes, while others cling to rocks or rest on the cornices.
The Indigo Macaw leave the roosts in family groups to go to the feeding areas before dawn to return at dusk.
Reproduction:
The nests of the Indigo Macaw they are located in crevices in cliffs, Although sometimes they also nest in shallow tree cavities.
The breeding season It is located in the months February-April, coinciding with the rainy season and possibly coinciding with the maximum availability of palm nuts.
The average clutch size is two to three eggs. The average period of incubation is of 28 days and the average age of feathered is of 16 to 20 weeks.
Fluid from the unripe fruit of Palms is perhaps the main source of moisture.
The Indigo Macaw they feed in the trees and on the ground.
Distribution:
Confined to the plateau Raso da Catarina, to the northeast of Bay in Brazil; mainly occupy an area close to 8,000 km 2 in the center of Río Vasa Neighborhoods, in the South of the plateau. Two main colonies are known, one on each side of the Vasa Barris.
These birds make daytime movements South of Holy and Euclides da Cunha and possibly from the North to the north-western edge of the plateau to feed.
There is a peripheral population smaller at several hundred kilometers of Vasa Barris and there are unconfirmed reports of other small groups in remote northern dry inside of Bay.
Resident, remaining close to the cliffs where nest and their favorite roosting birds.
The population of Indigo Macaw is estimated at 139 birds (117 more 22) with an evident decline during the last 100 years. The pressures arising from the trade in birds, hunting, the loss of plants used as food for livestock, the disturbance and, possibly, inbreeding depression, could quickly lead to extinction in freedom of this beautiful species.
The Indigo Macaw suffered a historic long-term drop due to the capture, but estimates of population remained fairly stable after its rediscovery in the wild in 1978 until the mid of 1990 when the numbers began to rise rapidly; While this may reflect in part, improvements in the survey methodology, also there has been a real increase due to intense conservation efforts.
According to specialists, they only survive in the world, mainly in zoos, a few 1.300 specimens This species whose natural habitat are the rock walls in the arid interior of the state of bahia (Northeast of Brazil).
For its part, the Spix's Macaw It is considered extinct in the wild since 2000, Although currently survive in captivity a few 90 specimens, that are maintained by institutions from different countries, mostly out of Brazil.
"Indigo Macaw" in captivity:
The Indigo Macaw It is the most uncommon of all the macaws in captivity. There are three known copies in United States and a similar amount in Europe. The Government of Brazil does not recognize any other legal specimen of this species outside its borders. On the other hand, in the zoos of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo in Brazil, they have several copies. Twelve copies of Indigo Macaw with that features the Zoo's São Paulo they are isolated and in cages that cannot be visited by the public due to the risk of extinction of the species.
With regard to its longevity, They have News of a captive bird that lived 38,3 years.
During the last ten years, attempts to smuggle this species have been discovered from Brazil and some birds have confiscated, who have been returned to the country.
A Special Committee has been formed by the part of the IBAMA of the Government of Brazil to initiate actions for the conservation of this species. Likewise, other countries that have also signed the treaty CITES they should support Brazil in their attempts to establish pairs of players in captivity and to conserve the habitat of the Indigo Macaw.
If anyone knows the whereabouts of illegal copies of this species must notify the authorities for his immediate intervention. This species is on the verge of extinction and all possible actions to save her must be coordinated through a working group for the conservation.
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Wildscreen Arkive
– Macaws. A Complete Guide by Rick Jordan.
– Photos:
(1) – Two Lear’s Macaws at Rio de Janeiro Zoo, Brazil By Marcos Pereira (originally posted to Flickr as blue macaw couple) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Lear’s Macaw Anodorhynchus leari By https://www.flickr.com/photos/jquental [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Two Lear’s Macaws at Canudos Biological Station, Bahia, Brazil By Miguelrangeljr (Own work) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Anodorhynchus lear By Rick elis.simpson (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – PROGRAMA DE CATIVEIRO DA ARARA-AZUL-DE-LEAR by Fabio Nunes – icmbio.gov.br
(6) – Illustration by Edward Lear (1812–88) first published in his book Illustrations of the Family of the Psittacidae, or Parrots in 1832
The Cardinal Lory(Pseudeos cardinalis) has a characteristic shape due to its relatively long tail.
Among adults, There is no sexual dimorphism, the plumage is completely brilliant red, but the upperparts and wings They seem to be darker.
The bill is orange-red with a black color in the base area.
The bare orbital skin is black.
The feathers the lower parts have small yellowish features, What gives a vaguely scaly appearance.
The legs are grey.
The irises is red-orange.
The immature has the back and blankets of Red Wings clear. Its bill It is pale orange with small black marks. Its orbital skin is whitish grey. Their irises are pale yellow.
It is a kind forest. It is very widespread and is locally abundant in primary and secondary forests. It is also in the forests in regeneration in coconut plantations and mangroves where there are trees in flower.
Can rise to 1.200 m above sea level, Although in the Bougainville Island (Papua New Guinea), does not exceed of the 800 m.
It is a bird loud that does not happen easily unnoticed.
It is usually in small flocks of up to 20 birds flying high above the canopy. Also gets into branches higher trees in flower which is notable for its continuous shrieks and its beautiful bright colors.
It is often found in the company of the Coconut Lorikeet(Trichoglossus haematodus) and they particularly appreciate red flowers.
This bird moves constantly in the day, flying from one island to another.
Reproduction:
The breeding season probably starts in June. There are reports of links in August and stops extending to September.
To date, We have found a nest in a high tree cavity, at low altitude above the ground. This is the only information we have about the natural environment.
In captivity, the Cardinal Lory puts two white eggs. Both parents incubate and care for young people.
The incubation period is 24 days.
When out of the shell, chicks weigh in 6 to 7 g.. They are covered with a white quilt, long and dense.
As with all the Loris type Chalcopsitta y Pseudeos the nest is especially long and hard between 65 and 80 days.
Food:
The Cardinal Lory is exclusively vegetarian. Feeds in the canopy and fruit Palms, small berries, flowers, outbreaks, also pollen and nectar.
This Parrot seems to mark a clear preference for the flowers and red fruits.
Distribution:
The Cardinal Lory It is endemic to the Islands to the East of New Guinea. Its area of distribution covers New Hanover and the islands surrounding (Tabar, Lihir, Thong, FeNi and Nissan). Extends to Buka and Bougainville. In the Solomon Islands occupies a territory that extends to the South of San Cristóbal.
Conservation:
– Current IUCN Red List category: Least concern
– The population trend: Stable
The world population It has not been quantified, but the species is described as abundant (pit et to the. 1997). Sources estimate that the total population in nature exceeds the 100 thousand copies.
The population is suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence of any reduction or substantial threats.
But, is classified by the UICN as a species "in restricted area", which means that it has a territory whose surface is less to 50 000 km, therefore, potential danger.
"Cardinal Lory" in captivity:
Very rare.
In 1989, the Solomon Island allowed that a few Cardinal Lory were exported to the EE.UU.. But, because of the Law on the conservation of wild birds in 1992 The export of the Lori of Solomon Islands to the United States. UU. they banned except that is for authorized reproduction.
Alternative names:
– Cardinal Lory (ingles).
– Lori cardinal (French).
– Kardinallori (German).
– Lóris-cardinal (Portuguese).
– Lori Cardenal (español).
The Thick-billed Parrot(Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha) has the forecrown, the lores and a large swath in the region supercilii, bright Scarlet Red; a small patch of feathers brown in color lores, directly in front of the eyes; the crown, the cheeks and the sides of the neck are green with yellow tinge. The upperparts Green tinged indistinct tone olive in scapulars.
Upperwing-coverts Green with red feathers in the region where bend the wings. The flight feather of color green for over, with blackish tips and margins to the vane inner, grey below. Large infra-wing coverts Yellow, other coverts green.
Underparts Green with red on the the thighs. Upper, the tail green; gray at the bottom.
The bill black; bare orbital skin yellowish white; irises yellow-orange; legs grey.
Both sexes similar.
Immature with the bill color horn, greyish the bare orbital skin, and no Scarlet feathers behind the eye or red in the region where bend the wings.
The Thick-billed Parrot is often treated as the same species as the Maroon-fronted Parrot.
It inhabits in Highlands with mature pine forests or pine forests with other conifers of the genus Pseudotsuga, malls Populus and/or trees of the genus Quercus, in areas isolated and often rugged, sometimes are also observed in towns of lowlands.
They are mostly distributed at altitudes between 1,500 and 3,000 m, breeding generally at heights between 2,000 and 3,000 m.
Its preference they are areas with Pinus arizonica and Pinus ayacahuite. In general, observed in flocks. They rest in large groups on inaccessible cliffs or trees with dense foliage. Diurnal movements of up 40 km between resting areas and feeding.
Long-lived and gregarious, they form social groups; because of this, over time the Thick-billed Parrot they return to visit forests which are of your choice.
Reproduction:
Nest in the cavities of trees, usually pine, but also, according to sources, in trees of the species Populus tremuloides and Pseudotsuga taxifolia; usually in trees partially dead or alive, with small holes excavated, for example, by woodpeckers as the Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus) or caused by fungal decomposition in the Heartwood wood; sometimes very together (in the same tree) When there is available room, Although generally scattered.
The breeding season coincides with the ripening of the pine seeds; birds, usually, They arrive at the breeding area between the months of April and May, carrying out the mid June to end of July update. The young begin to leave the nest from early September to late October, after 59 – 65 days, depending on their parents for a period of time after fledging.
Clutch of 2 to 4 eggs, generally three, Perhaps variable with the size of the harvest of pine seeds. The care of the eggs during incubation is carried out by the female and the care of the young is biparental..
Food:
Diet Thick-billed Parrot It is mainly composed of pine seeds (including the of the Pinus teocote and of the Pinus leiophylla) extracted from the cones with its powerful beak; They also feed, according to sources, of seeds and sprouts coniferous Pseudotsuga, fruits of the American black cherry (Prunus serotina) and acorns.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 67.100 km2
The distribution Master of the Thick-billed Parrot lies between the West and centre of Mexico, with sporadic movements towards the North and towards South.
Like other bird specialists in pine seeds, the Thick-billed Parrot wanders widely after playback, sporadically to South-West of Mexico in Jalisco, Colima and Michoacán, previously to the East up to Veracruz (Although these records are possibly involved the Maroon-fronted Parrot – Rhynchopsitta in terris) and, possibly, Coahuila de Zaragoza.
Formerly it was a sporadic visitor, and possibly resided and lesson in Arizona (especially in the mountains of Chiricahua, in the South) and in New Mexico, EE.UU, Although since the beginning of the century 20 no large-scale visits have been observed and the latest reproductive data in the area date from the 1938.
The presence of the Thick-billed Parrot is determined by the availability of pine seeds; the core of your playback area It seems to be the most constantly occupied area.
The decrease important in your population during the century 20 as a result ,mainly, of the loss and degradation of habitat, with the absence of these birds where the large pines were cut down, mainly by forestry. The loss of birds in EE.UU. was attributable to the hunt, but his presence there, probably, It was only in the short term, When were feeding conditions unusually favorable (or on the contrary very unfavorable in Mexico).
The recent threats in Mexico they are the trade in live birds and the continuous loss of habitat for livestock, as well as logging (the loss of old trees for nesting is a major problem that puts this species at a higher risk than the of the Maroon-fronted Parrot, when the latter uses the cliffs to build their nests).
Confiscated and captive-bred birds were released in Arizona at the end of the Decade of 1960, with the first successful reproduction in EE.UU. shortly after, although unfortunately the birds have mostly disappeared from that area.
• Red List category of the UICN current: In danger of extinction
• Population trend: Decreasing
The thick-billed Parrot is found in danger of extinction due to the destruction of nesting habitat, as well as his commercial exploitation, the decrease of population who have suffered these parrots is very evident to those that, long overdue, They inhabit the timber areas of Chihuahua and Durango (Lanning and Shiflett, 1981).
The commercial logging of pine living for wood, as well as standing dead trees to obtain their pulp, they are ending with a lot of nesting sites effective and potential for these birds (Lanning and Shiflett, 1983).
The trade of the parrots seemed to be minimal until the 1980s (Lanning and Shiflett, 1981), However, It is estimated that during 1985 and 1986 between several hundred and even thousands of parrots were illegally trafficked to the United States of America (Snyder & Wallace, 1988).
To reduce these threats the species and its habitat, There are legal instruments such as the vedas and provisions in the Law-General ecological balance and environmental protection (LGEEPA) and General wildlife law (LGVS); as well as the Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2001 that lists the species of Mexican wild flora and fauna under some risk category and the inclusion and modification mechanisms.
The size of the population of the Thick-billed Parrot It is estimated between 2000-2800 mature individuals.
"Thick-billed Parrot" in captivity:
Its sale as a pet is illegal.
Alternative names:
– Thick-billed Macawlet, Thick billed Parrot, Thick-billed Parrot (English).
– Conure à gros bec, Perriche à gros bec, Perruche à gros bec (French).
– Kiefernsittich, Arasittich, Kiefern Sittich (German).
– Papagaio-mexicano-de-testa-vermelha (Portuguese).
– Cotorra de Pico Ancho, Cotorra serrana, Cotorra Serrana Occidental, Cotorra-serrana Occidental (español).
– Cotorra serrana, Cotorra-serrana Occidental, Loro de Pico Grueso Occidental Mexicano, Cotorra de Pico Duro,
Guacamaya, Guaca (Mexico).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– National Commission of Natural Protected Areas
– Photos:
(1) – Two Thick-billed Parrots at Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, Tucson, Arizona, USA By Tim Lenz from Ithaca (Thick-billed ParrotsUploaded by Snowmanradio) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Thick-Billed Parrots at Twycross Zoo, Leicestershire, England By derivative work: Snowmanradio (talk)Rhynchopsitta_pachyrhyncha_-Twycross_Zoo-8.jpg: Paul Reynolds from UK [CC BY 2.0 or CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – An adult Thick-billed Parrot at Edinburgh Zoo, Scotland By Jenni Douglas from Edinburgh, Scotland (Thick billed ParrotUploaded by Snowmanradio) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – A Thick-billed Parrot at Cincinnati Zoo, USA By Rhynchopsitta_pachyrhyncha_-captive-8a.jpg: Jean from Shelbyville, KYderivative work: Snowmanradio [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Three adult Thick-billed Parrots in captivity in the USA By Joe Mazzola (LovebirdsUploaded by snowmanradio) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Thick-billed Parrot (Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha). Two parrots on a nestbox By Just chaos [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – Thick-billed Parrot Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha at Cincinnati Zoo By Ltshears (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 or GFDL], via Wikimedia Commons
(8) – A Thick-billed Parrot in captivity By Mark Dumont from Cincinnati, USA (Thick Billed ParrotUploaded by snowmanradio) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(9) – Thick-billed Parrot – Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha at Cincinnati Zoo By Ltshears (Own work) [CC BY 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(10) – Monographia Psittacorum By Wagler, Johann Georg [CC BY 2.0 or Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
27 cm.. height and an approximate weight of 110 gr.
Along with the Red Lory(Eos Bornea) the "Scaly Lory" (Eos squamata) it is the only lory of the genus Eos it does not have blue marks on the ear-coverts.
Its plumage It has a scarlet general appearance. The neck It is surrounded by a violet blue collar which is well developed in some individuals, but nearly absent in others. The area from the abdomen up to the subcaudales it is dark purple. The scapulars they are dull purple with black tips. The feathers of the greater coverts and flight feather They are red with black tips.
The bottom of the wings and of remiges from below they are red with black spots at the primary level. The tail is purple red.
The irises is orange, the legs grey.
In the immature the feathers of the lower parts, have broad dull blackish purple borders. The irises They are brown.
: (Boddaert, 1783) – Something smaller and feathers in the nominal species They are blue violet, in this subspecies are blackish blue.
Eos squamata riciniata
: (Bechstein, 1811) – Smaller and band chest and neck is violet gray.
Eos squamata obiensis
: (Rothschild, 1899) – It is somewhat smaller and with shoulders blacks. the band of neck It is variable and greyish violet. The area of the nape is red.
Habitat:
The Violet-necked Lory they are relatively common in the primeval forests or secondary forests that have large mature trees. Also found in the mountain forests and also, but with lower density in the coconut plantations bordering the coast, in the bushes during regeneration, in the abandoned gardens and mangroves.
Populations that inhabit small islands tend to stay near the coast.
On the larger islands, These birds can run in the forests of the mountains up to a height of 1.220 meters above the sea level.
The Violet-necked Lory they are particularly noisy and easily identifiable when they are in flocks, but they are a much more secretive behavior when in isolated pairs.
They usually gather in large flocks when they find abundant food sources.. This habit makes appearing more or less abundant in different regions. These flocks of birds are usually just above the tops of the trees.
Every day, they make short trips between the different islands. To do this they use a flight quick and direct, It consists of shallow wing beats. When they beat their wings produce a very audible hum.
Reproduction:
There is almost no information on the reproduction in the wild. In captivity, the implementation is of 2 eggs that are incubated during 27 days. As with all loris, the reproductive cycle is particularly long and hard about 80 days.
Food:
Exclusively vegetarian. They feed on sago palm in bloom and consume figs when they are still firm. Also eat nectar from big red flowers of Erythrina family Fabaceae.
Distribution:
Size of its range (reproduction / resident): 189.000 km2
The Violet-necked Lory They are endemic to the islands or archipelagos which are among New Guinea and Las Celebes.
They are mostly found in West Papua and of the Moluccan Islands.
Distribution 3 subspecies
Eos squamata squamata
: (Boddaert, 1783) – Islands West Papua, that is to say Stupid, Waigeo, Batanta and Misool and islas Turtle (Indonesian)
Eos squamata riciniata
: (Bechstein, 1811) – North of Moluccas, from Morotai to Bacan and Damar, also in islas Widi and Mayu islands in the sea of Moluccas (Indonesian).
The population size is very large, and therefore not approaching the threshold of Vulnerable under the criterion of population size.
The world population is estimated between 100,000 and 500,000 individuals.
About 3.000 specimens are caught every year for the trade aviaries. The pressure on the species is estimated to be quite reasonable, but it is recommended, by many associations, the establishment of catch quotas for the year.
"Violet-necked Lory" in captivity:
Son loving, curious, extroverts and show some unique behaviors. Some like to wrap yourself in a blanket to sleep. Sometimes, they can even be sleeping on your back. They can learn to mimic sounds and words.
They are capable of aggressive behavior if their territories and possessions is disregarded.
They are demanding in the requirements should be for their care, requiring much attention. Baths or showers daily should be part of your daily habit.
Alternative names:
– Violet-necked Lory, Moluccan Red Lory, Violet necked Lory (ingles).
– Lori écaillé, Lori à nuque violette, Lori de Wallace (French).
– Kapuzenlori (German).
– Lóris-de-colar-violeta (Portuguese).
– Lori de Collar Violeta, Lori Escamosa, Lori Escamoso (español).
The bill of the Cuban Parakeet(Psittacara euops) is strong and hooked, presenting the capacity of both the upper and the lower mobility, enabling this psittacine to husk and crush seeds, fruits and nuts discarded by many other birds, thus showing another successful feature of this Psittacara.
Their legs they have a magnificent prehensile capacity that allows them to take incredible poses and hold on to extreme places thanks to a "zygodactyly" arrangement of the fingers by moving two fingers forward, the 2 and 3, and two backwards, the 1 and 4.
Has the head, sides neck and nape green grass with some red feathers scattered, sometimes forming patches. The upperparts and upperwing-coverts grass-green; primaries and secondaries with margins and dark green tips to vane inner; carpal edge with scattered red feathers and bend of wing red. Underwing-coverts with golden brown in the flight feather, small and medium-sized coverts Red and large coverts Yellow olive. The underparts yellowish green with diffusion of color olive, sometimes with scattered red feathers, especially in the throat and/or the thighs. Upper, the tail dark green color with dye olive; by down yellowish brown. The bill color Horn; bare periophthalmic bluish white; irises yellow; legs distant.
The female has more orange in the wings.
Immature has green and red in underwing-coverts, beige color (not red) in carpal edge, irises Gray with scattered red feathers.
They inhabit on Savannah, especially in areas where there are the PalmasCopernicus and Thrinax, at the edges of forests and Lands planted with trees. Although they have also been very modified habitats, such as eucalyptus forests in open field and fragments of forests of Evergreen in sheets of Palma. The species survives only near large extensions of primary forest.
In general, observed in family groups or small flocks, but sometimes in larger groups, hundreds of birds; the Cuban Parakeet, often, mix with the more common and endemic Cuban Parrot (Amazona leucocephala).
Reproduction:
One of the major problems of this kind in the reproduction, It is competition and the finding by the nesting cavities; This psittacine is a small, so their physical advantage over other birds to displace these from cavities or nests is less and they must show greater aggressiveness to be able to expel woodpeckers and even some small birds of prey These cavities that already occupy.
But, in recent studies, It is suggested that in free-living this species has a high degree of selectivity by the height of the Palma in which anidated or for the depth of the nest, still not evident during the stage of formation of couples and nesting strong signs of gregariousness, But if there could be a tendency to prefer nests with a sufficiently narrow entrance opening to enter the couple and hamper the penetration of predators. It also seems that the species in reproduction is more tolerant of other neighboring couples of the same species, than others parrots, but to some degree of alienation, preferring Palmas in which there is only one cavity to have a certain degree of privacy in the rearing of their chicks.
The breeding season It begins in April and usually ends in July. They sometimes build their nests in cavities excavated, originally, by the Cuban Green Woodpecker (Xiphidiopicus percussus).
The number of eggs in the implementation It, in averaged, between three and five. The incubation both members of the couple is done, as well as feeding the young until they leave the nest. Once abandoned the nest, You can see to the immature flying with parents in small camps before the winter season, forming major sides joining them different families.
Formerly persecuted by provoking large damage to crops Orange, coffee and corn.
Distribution:
Species vulnerable to extinction, from an original distribution throughout Cuba and Isle of youth, isolated populations between Yes.
Formerly one of the most common endemic birds in Cuba and in the Isle of youth, old Isle of pines, but now is limited to various strongholds in remote areas of Cuba, including the Zapata Peninsula, the districts around Cienfuegos and the mountains around the city of Trinidad, to the extent Western Centre of the island, and Sierra Maestra at the end of this.
Resident but some seasonal movements (Perhaps altitude) supposedly by the decline of the birds of the mountains of Trinidadin the months of September and October.
Extinct in the Isle of youth from 1913, mainly due to the strong capture for export as bird cage.
The current population, Although comparatively small, Perhaps stable. A small number of captivity out of Cuba, especially in Eastern Europe. The international trade currently it is small.
Today this species is restricted to 16 populations considering that a total of 2800 individuals released, with a number of individuals per population not exceeding, usually, the 100 copies and is considered of greater size the located in the Zapata Swamp live in where is estimated around 800 these birds. Each of these populations are isolated or insulated semi between if, not exceeding groups or sides that make it up, the 30 individuals, with a general tendency to the disappearance of the species in many of the populations, mainly due to the loss of Habitat and illegal catches.
Conservation:
State of conservation ⓘ
Vulnerable ⓘ(UICN)ⓘ
• Red List category of the UICN current: Vulnerable
• Population trend: Decreasing
There are no new data on the evolution of the population of the Cuban Parakeet; But, the species is suspected of have been declining at a moderate pace, mainly as a result of the habitat degradation.
Rounded, a population estimated between 1,500-7,000 mature individuals.
The persecution as a pest of crops, loss of habitat and, in particular, the capture for trade bird cage, They explain the current shortage of copies of Cuban Parakeet (A. Kirkconnell in litt., 2007).
The capture for trade International is now insignificant, with only 10 birds recorded in trade between 1991 and 1995. Another major threat is the loss of nesting trees (Snyder et to the., 2000) as a result of hurricane damage (as the caused in the Zapata Peninsula by the Hurricane Lili in 1996), and the felling of trees for chicks of the Cuban Parrot (Amazona leucocephala) (A. Mitchell in litt., 1998).
Conservation Actions Underway
• Appendix II of CITES.
• Is legally protected.
• They are distributed within the seven environmental reserves, including the important Ciénaga de Zapata National Park (Snyder et to the., 2000).
• A study of the species and an intense public awareness campaign are intended to help establish a management programme effective (Wiley, 1998).
• The programs of ecotourism they have begun in some areas (Snyder et to the., 2000).
• A provision scheme has been started for nest boxes, the plastic boxes are more durable than the facts of sections of the trunk of the Palm (Waugh 2006), but the parakeets prefer those made of natural materials (Anon., 2010).
• A program of reintroduction from the main island of Cuba to the Isle of youth is being developed from the 2004, but the species is generally difficult to breed (parrots 2000-2004; avianweb.com).
Conservation Actions Proposed
• Carry out more Research to determine the ecological requirements of the species and population (Wiley 1998, Snyder et to the., 2000).
• Conserve additional habitat, especially in the areas of nesting (Snyder et to the., 2000).
• Adapt the environmental awareness and protection of nests in situ to local situations (Snyder et to the., 2000).
• Continue a plan for the re-establishment of the species in the Isle of youth (Wiley 1998, Snyder et to the., 2000) through the development and extension of the programme of captive breeding.
"Cuban Parakeet" in captivity:
In captivity, they are very sleepers and somewhat quarrelsome and restless, needing always to be monitored. Non-communicative the issuance of words but very friendly with the person you choose as partner, which will not get rid of some sympathetic evil, almost always tolerated and even grateful.
Sensitive to the changing conditions of the ecosystem that inhabits.
The requirements and difficulties in the reproduction of this species are considerable.
Own this nice bird as pet, Although on the one hand it can be a satisfaction to the owner, on the other hand means to convict individuals of this species not reproduction and populations to lead them to the risk of the extinction.
Alternative names:
– Cuban Parakeet, Cuban Conure, Cuban Paroquet, Red-speckled Conure (English).
– Conure de Cuba, Perriche de Cuba, Perruche de Cuba (French).
– Kubasittich (German).
– Periquito-cubano (Portuguese).
– Aratinga Cubana, Perico, Periquito, Periquito Cubano (español).
– Catey, Perico, Periquito (Cuba).
(1) – Psittacara euops – Cuban parakeet by Ekaterina Chernetsova (Papchinskaya) – Flickr
(2) – Psittacara euops – Cuban parakeet by Ekaterina Chernetsova (Papchinskaya) – Flickr
(3) – Cuban Parakeet, Conure De Cuba, or Aratinga Cubana (Aratinga euops). Two parrots in a tree By dominic sherony (originally posted to Flickr as Cuban Parakeet) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Cuban Parakeets are a rare sight in Cuba, the only place they live in the world by Hank Davis, DNS Board Member – Delaware nature society
(5) – For the Caribbean Conservation Trust in conjunction with the Massachusets Audubon Society – Winged spur imaging
(6) – Deutsch: Psittacara euops Syn: Evopsitta euops & Psittacara chloropterus Syn: Psittacara chloropter bzw. Psittacara euops St. Domingue By Charles Emile Blanchard (1819–1900) (biodiversitylibrary.org) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
The Pohnpei Lorikeet(Trichoglossus rubiginosus) is unmistakable.
The head and back, dark brown, darker in the head. Scapulars and blankets, are of color Bordeaux dark. The flight feather are blackish in those networks internal and infiltrated with color olivaceous in them vane outer.
The primaries more external are clearly yellow. The bottom of the wings black. The underparts Deep Garnet color, with a black edge in the bottom sides of the edges that draw a bar at the bottom.
The upper part of the tail color is olivaceous, brighter in the vicinity of the tip; lower tail is of color yellow pale. The bill is orange. The irises are yellow-orange, the legs and feet are dark gray.
In the female, the bill seems more yellowish and the irises are greyish white.
This species is present on the entire surface of the island, until 600 m. It is distributed by a variety of habitats, such as coconut trees, plane trees, dense tropical forests, plots regenerated, forests and mangroves.
The Pohnpei Lorikeet is a bird especially loud, He throws her screams from the roosts after dark. It is fairly easy to detect, Since it wanders in small flocks of February to December in search of food in trees in flower.
It tends to fly high and travel long distances over the ocean.
When fed into the forests of tall trees, usually favors the average vegetation floor.
As the Ponape island receives a large amount of precipitation (until 7600 mm. per year in some places), the Pohnpei Lorikeet seek refuge under the large leaves.
Reproduction:
The Pohnpei Lorikeet It builds its nest on top of a coconut tree or in any cavity of a tree from the forest.
The spawning usually consists of an only egg.
The nesting season generally goes from December to may.
Food:
Consumes nectar, pollen and fruit. While feeding, It tends to keep its head down to pick up their food in the flowers of coconut and banana.
The nectar of Erythrina and the mango is very appreciated by the Pohnpei Lorikeet.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 350 km2
As its name implies, lori this is endemic of the Ponape island, which is the most populated island of the States federate of Micronesia. Formerly, also lived on the atoll of Namoluk about the island of Truk.
It is possible that range was more extensive than it is today.
Conservation:
– Current IUCN Red List category: Near threatened
– The population trend: Decreasing
This species is listed as near-threatened because it is suspected that their population, which is mostly a subpopulation, It is in decline due to changes in land use. It also has a very small range; But, is unlikely that it is declining, in terms of population, given the adaptability of the species. Neither population is severely fragmented or restricted to a few locations.
Surveys in 1994 suggested that the species had declined a 74-75% Since the beginning of the eighties, probably indicating a decrease in real (Buden 2000). The current population exceeds the 10.000 specimens (Juniper and Parr 1998, M. O'Brien a little. 2011).
In the news, It is the official bird of the State of Pohnpei and your hunting, capture and export is illegal.
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