The Camiguin Hanging Parrot(Loriculus camiguinensis) has the plumage mostly green, with the throat, front side of the face and the thighs light blue; the forecrown, the pyleus, the obispillo and the top of the tail red, While the rest of the tail It is also blue. Underwing coverts blue. Band of orange-red in the nape, that varies from bird to bird.
Bill orange. Iris grayish brown.
The males and females they have a similar appearance, the female has less blue on the cheeks.
The youth they are similar to the adult female but with only a slight tinge of blue in the cheeks and red on the forehead minimal or absent. Bill a pale.
In 2006 described as a separate species to the loricles who lived on the island of Camiguin, to the North of Mindanao, Since then it was considered a subspecies of the Philippine loriclein the.
Probably sedentary. Found between the 300 and 1350 meters in montane forests, secondary forests, at the edges of the forest near the settlements, in plantations in the areas planted with shrubs and coconut.
Usually seen individually, in pairs, mixed flocks or small families. Feeds in trees or shrubs; difficult to detect. It´s shy and cautious.
Reproduction:
Breeding season probably between the months of September to November. Nest placed in the hole of a dead arbol-helecho. No other information.
Food:
It is said that they feed on nectar, seeds, especially wild banana (Musa), also soft fruit, berries and flowers.
Distribution:
Endemic in the Philippine island of Camiguin, off the North coast of Mindanao.
Conservation:
This species is threatened by its limited range, the natural habitat destruction and capture for the wild bird trade.
"Camiguin Hanging Parrot" in captivity:
Probably not remain outside the island of Camiguin.
25 cm.. length and a weight between 160 and 195 g..
The Singing Parrot(Geoffroyus heteroclitus) they have the head bright pale yellow.
A band Large blue-gray adorns the back of neck and gradually it fades in green on the the mantle. The throat is bluish grey. All upperparts are light green. The median stained reddish brown. You can see the pale yellow stripes on the innerwebs of the flight feather. The underparts is bright blue. Upper chest is blue-gray, which contrasts with the rest of the underparts, that are of a much lighter green back. The upper part of the tail is green. The bottom of the tail is grey, but with a slight yellow color in the outerweb external feathers tail.
The upper jaw is of color yellow pale, the dark gray lower jaw. The irises are yellow, the legs gray-green.
The sexes are dimorphic. The female has a bill totally dark. Yellow beginning of the head and neck greenish blue are away. In its place, the top It is gray and cheeks They are brownish green.
Immature show greener on the head than females. Its bill is paler and its irises dark.
The Singing Parrot frequent humid lowlands, undisturbed, Hills generally below and of the 600 meters up to a maximum of 1.760 meters in the South of New Ireland . They are also partially cleared areas, at the edge of forests, in stands of trees in regeneration and in gardens.
The birds, often, they are heard when they make calls from the exposed or isolated trees, or view flying rapidly above the canopy.
They are alone, in pairs, or having relationships in small groups. There have been next to the Cardinal Lory and Duchess Lorikeet in Bougainville. They are often calm and difficult to detect when they remain perched among the dense foliage.
Reproduction:
The nest is a hole dug by the female in a dead tree stump or rotten, but nothing more is known about the breeding ecology of the species.
Food:
The diet It includes seeds, fruit, flowers and buds.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 576.000 km2
The Singing Parrot They are endemic Bismarck Archipelago and Solomon Islands. These birds are found in the following Islands: Umboi, New Britain, Lolobau, Duke of York, New Ireland, New Hanover, Tabar, Lihir, Buka, Bougainville (Papua New Guinea). It can also be seen in Choiseul, Santa Isabel, San Jorge, Malaita, New Georgia, Guadalcanal and all the little Islands Rennell (Solomon Islands).
The Black-lored Parrot (Tanygnathus gramineus) It has a green head with a black line that goes from the top of the beak to the eyes.; steeped in turquoise blue Crown. The upper parts of green grass.
The medium-sized wing coverts, green; flight feather, green, a little darker, with blackish margins to the vane inner. Supracaudales coverts yellowish-green. The more underparts, more yellowish green, especially in the lower part of the cheeks and upper part of the chest. Upper, the Green tail with yellow tips; undertail, the Brown tail olive warm.
Information is received for the first time of the Black-lored Parrot Thanks to ornithologist side Hendrik Cornelis Sieber (1890-1949) in 1930.
Very little of this species is known. Is distributed in mountain forests above 600-700 meters and also, according to sources, in the lowlands, hills and coastal areas. It is partially nocturnal, although sightings of birds perched on treetops during the day, They show that, similar to the Azure-rumped parrot, they can also be active during the day.
Migration is relatively weak and there are only a few reports of parrots flying to high altitudes during the day and descending at night., Judging from their voices.
Bird predominantly occupies the central part, High Island, where according to sources, There are settlements in Gunung Tagalago,WA Temun and Kunturun, at elevations of 700-1100 m, also in the lowlands of the South in Fäkal, EHU and Leksula. There was a sighting of these parrots near Kayeli Bay on the eastern shores of Buru. Most recent observations made outside North (Waflia) and (Wamlana) Northwest Coast.
The voice of the Black-lored Parrot is heard frequently in Kunturun, mostly 1-7 hours after the sunset, where the locals call the bird «The ol' blue cockatoo«, which means Blue-headed Parrot. But, was caught during the day with slingshots in fruit trees, suggesting that his activity is not purely night.
Conservation:
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Vulnerable
• Population trend: Decreasing
The population is estimated at 2,500-9,999 mature individuals based on an assessment of the known records, descriptions of the abundance and range size. This estimate is equivalent to 3,500-15,000 specimens.
There are no data on trends for this species and has not been seen in the wild since 1995. Their habitat continues to decline slowly and were recorded in domestic trade in the year 2001. So, the population of the species is suspected of have been declining.
Conservation Actions Proposed:
– Conduct surveys, mostly using their vocalizations at night, mainly in the mountain areas.
– Investigate their ecological requirements and movements in order to develop appropriate conservation strategy.
– Identify the most suitable area for the conservation of this and other endangered species in Buru, and promote its establishment as protected areas.
– Black-lored Parrot, Black lored Parrot, Blacklored Parrot, Buru Parrot (ingles).
– Perruche de Buru, Perruche à calotte bleue (French).
– Burupapagei, Buru Papagei (German).
– Tanygnathus gramineus (Portuguese).
– Loro de Buru (español).
The males of the Eastern Rosella(Platycercus eximius), has bill white. The lower area of the cheeks and chin are white, that contrasts sharply with the rest of the head and the chest that are of color red glossy. Upper abdomen shows a beautiful color yellow that is again gradually of color green pale in its part lower. The coats are of color red. The the mantle feathers, the back and scapulars are of color black with a broad edge yellow, giving these regions a highly scaled appearance. The median are black. The blankets, out of them coverts secondary and flight feather are bluish grey. The rump is bright green. The central feathers of the tail are green bottle, While the outer feathers of the tail are bluish grey with white tips.
The irises They are brown, legs grey.
The female looks like your partner, but the Red of the head and the chest is less bright.
The underparts has a thin white stripe.
The youth they are a copy in Pale tones of the female. They have a little bit of green on the back of the head.
(North 1911) – Of 30 cm.. length. Head and chest color much more dark and white cheek much more large. Female as the nominal species.
Platycercus eximius elecica
(Schodde & Short 1989) – Of 33 cm.. length. It is something more than the nominal species, the red and the chest and the head is slightly more dark, the black feathers of the neck, back and shoulders have a very broad bright yellow bordered. Area of the rump and coverts bluish-green supracaduales. Female with back and neck with hints. Your obispillo is bluish green
The Eastern Rosella they tend to be fairly common in all habitats of open forests, including agricultural land, urban parks and gardens. They are usually in little populated wooded areas, rows of trees along streams, shrub and scrub savannahs «Mallee«.
They are common in cultivated areas and can invade orchards where you can cause severe damage.
In many areas, It is the most widespread species of parrot, You can even nest in the trees lining the streets of towns and cities. Wherever possible, they avoid dense forests and mountainous areas, where is replaced by the Crimson Rosella. The habitat of the Eastern Rosella usually less to 1.250 m above sea level.
Breeding pairs are sedentary in their territories, While young and immature form bands of up to 25 birds that roam the area. very commonly, the multicolored parrot can be seen perched on power lines or poles lining the sides of the roads in the outskirts of cities.
On the floor were fed more frequently than other types of rosella Parrot. In flight, they are quite noisy and therefore very easy to detect. But, When they are on the ground, they are not always easy to observe.
They feed on, sometimes, in the company of Red-rumped Parrot (Psephotus haematonotus) but never be with them organized mixed flocks.
Reproduction:
The Eastern Rosella They nest in the months from August to February, but also from time to time in April and may.
Pairs mate for life and is the female which chooses the nest site, usually in a hole or cavity of a eucalyptus branch. Sometimes the place to start may be an old stump, an any fence post, a fallen log, a rabbit hole, the nest of a Rainbow Bee-eater. Optionally, the Eastern Rosella also used the abandoned nest of the Blue-winged Kookaburra, some termite mound, ferns in facades of houses, rock walls, old buildings and an old nest of pomatostome.
The bottom of the nest is filled with sawdust or small wood shavings..
Spawning includes 4-9 eggs (generally 5) which are incubated during 19 days. The female is solely in charge of incubation and her partner is responsible for supplying. The chicks stay lasts a few 35 days.
Food:
The Eastern Rosella has a mainly vegetarian diet. Consumed mainly eucalyptus and acacia seeds, Although also seeds of a variety of greenery bushes. Berries, leaves and sprouts are also part of its menu.
During the summer, eats some insects and their larvae. Take the seeds that are dispersed in fields and roads. It penetrates into the orchards where causes some damage.
In the southeast of South Australia the species is largely limited to the area between Bordertown and Salt Creek, but a population caused by birds in captivity is also distributed by the Lofty Mountains.
In Tasmania, the species is widespread, Although barely wide and sparsely distributed, and have been faced with the King Island in the bass strait.
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern
• Population Trend: Growing
The size of the world's population has not been quantified, Although it is estimated above 500.000 birds.
Throughout its distribution area, except Tasmania, the Eastern Rosella East are very common birds. Unlike in the Crimson Rosella, that like dense forests, the Eastern Rosella they have benefited from deforestation that took place for the establishment of new pastures or areas of cereals.
"Eastern Rosella" in captivity:
Very common in captivity, It is probably the most popular of the Rosellas.
The Eastern Rosella they are coveted because of the beautiful colors of plumage.
They are intelligent birds and can be trained to whistle a large repertoire of melodies., and you can even learn how to pronounce some words.
These parakeets can make good pet birds but require a great deal of care and attention., In addition to devices and toys to keep them mentally stimulated. They are wild birds which are not always adapted to live as a family pet, and even the hand reared parrots are never fully domesticated. They generally do not tolerate caresses or cuddling and tend to react by stinging when you try to handle them like this.. Many breeders believe that the best way to keep this type of bird is in great aviaries where can fly freely, in pairs to meet their social needs and with minimal human interaction. Although they tend to be aggressive with other species Bird by should not be treated so integrate them to mixed aviaries.
Its diet poultry includes seeds, fruits like Apple, PEAR and grape, and vegetables such as lettuce, grass, and silver beet.
A sample of Eastern Rosella lived 27,4 years in captivity. In captivity, these animals have been able to play, approximately, to the 2 years of age..
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Wikipedia
– AnAge: The Animal Ageing and Longevity Database – Anagé entry for Platycercus eximius
– Birdlife
– Photos:
(1) – Eastern Rosella (Platycercus eximius), male, Queen’s Domain, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia By JJ Harrison (jjharrison89@facebook.com) (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Eastern Rosella (Platycercus eximius), female, Queen’s Domain, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia By JJ Harrison (jjharrison89@facebook.com) (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Eastern Rosella (Platycercus eximius) at Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle, USA By Platycercus_eximius_-Woodland_Park_Zoo-6. jpg: Nickderivative work: Snowmanradio [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Eastern Rosella at Hobart Domain, Tasmania (grazing) By KeresH (Own work) [GFDL, CC-BY-SA-3.0 or CC BY-SA 2.5], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Eastern Rosella (Platycercus eximius diemenensis), The Queen’s Domain, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia By JJ Harrison (jjharrison89@facebook.com) (Own work) [GFDL 1.2 or CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
30 cm. length and an approximate weight of 130 g..
The Eastern Ground Parrot(Pezoporus wallicus) has a medium-sized, It gives the impression of a slender silhouette, feeling is enhanced by the presence of a very long tail terminating beak. The identification is reinforced with rounded wings and for a few fine peaks and sharp.
The of adults they have a plumage greenish color with patterns of yellow and black as gallons or points that serve to camouflage itself.
A red band runs around the forecrown. The face and upper part of the chest They show a pretty uniform green colour. The crown Green it is abundantly stained black.
The flanks and abdomen they have yellowish clear black bars. The tail opaque green color shows yellow slots on the outer edges.
Its bill is ochre tones, with the cere rose gray. They present a periocular ring pale grey, the irises eye whitish yellow. Their legs distant have long fingers and their claws they are not curved as in the rest of the parrots.
In the females, You can see a pale yellow stripe at the bottom of the wing
.
The immature they have no red frontal band, the face and the chest they have black marks. Its tail is shorter and irises of her eyes are brown.
(Mathews, 1912) – They have black markings more prominent on the head and thicker, the neck and belly
Habitat:
The Eastern Ground Parrot usually live in lawns along the coast and in the neighbouring moors which rise to the 1.800 meters above sea level. Shrub-dominated moorlands that have suffered from fire in the last decade are generally considered to be their optimum habitat.. As well, moors dominated by reeds and herbs that have suffered some fire between 15 and 18 years ago, they are considered as excellent performance for these parrots. In the interior of the Moors, These birds are concentrated in the driest areas from mid autumn to late spring.
Humid areas they are frequented by the Eastern Ground Parrot, from summer to early autumn, probably in relation to the abundance of seeds at this time of the year. They can also be seen in estuaries, in boggy soils that are full of rods, in the meadows and pastures.
In Tasmania, the Eastern Ground Parrot occupies a rather special habitat consisting of a mixture or a mosaic of Heath, Sedge and weed.
As its common name indicates, These birds are reluctant to take flight. On the rare occasions when they dare to fly, its zigzag in flight seems the of a Small Sandpiper (Actitis hypoleucos) or a Woodcock (Scolopax rusticola) and develops within walking distance (a few 30 m). Once it lands, seek thick cover and can be difficult to relocate.
Contrary to what many people believe, the Eastern Ground Parrot is very active during the day, although, often, are difficult to detect, except when fleeing hastily, hearing the loud vibration of wings just before plunge among the foliage.
Son assets morning and afternoon average. At night, whatever the season, they establish the dormitories in the drylands.
These parakeets are mostly sedentary and live in couples United in a territory which is around of 9 hectares, although the area can sometimes change.
Between February and may, There is a great post-reproductive dispersion in which these birds move away some 120 kilometers from its nesting area.
Reproduction:
The Eastern Ground Parrot usually nest between jJuly and December. A litter was discovered in March. The nest is a fled surface excavated soil from 15 cm and 18 cm in width and between 2 cm and 5 depth cm; It is often full of stems or leaves. It is placed at the base of a mound or a bush above the ground which is accessed through a small tunnel..
The main plants that make up the nest, they are herbs of the genus (empodisma), plants of the genus (Xanthorrhoeoideae) and banksia sheet wide.
Of 20 nests found, 18 located in arid wastelands and 2 only in areas of transition between wetlands and land dry. In all these places there has been a fire for at least four years. The density was low, from January to March a nest each 10 hectares.
The laying includes, usually, 3 or 4 eggs, but in Tasmania (subspecies leachi), were observed 6 eggs in some nests. The incubation lasts around 20 days. Young people are altricial. When leaving the nest, at an age between 20 and 28 days, lie hidden among shrubs, just before fly.
The failure rate in the offspring is quite large, going from the 22 until 31%.
Food:
The Eastern Ground Parrot feeds primarily on seeds of a wide variety of Sedge, herbs, herbaceous plants and shrubs. Occasionally they eat green shoots, leaves, outbreaks, flowers and small fruits.
The Eastern Ground Parrot, usually, feeds on Earth, but sometimes forages among the foliage of low shrubs, or on top of clumps of planting of reeds.
The seeds take them from the soil and plants. The parakeet will remain on the stem of a plant to flatten it and throw the seeds of heads down, or it will be the peak along the stem and base of the seeds, with the intention of evicting them and that fall to the ground.
The peak used to cut the seeds and their bases, as well as to handle food. The legs are used only to flatten plant stems.
In the Bundjalung National Park, the Eastern Ground Parrot It was observed feeding on flowers. Occasionally they feed in habitats that have been modified by man, for example, one in cornfield.
They are diurnal, and actively feed throughout the day.
Distribution:
The Eastern Ground Parrot are confined in Australia. The range has contracted in recent times and the species is now only found in isolated pockets of coastal heath and reed-covered land., It extends to the South, from the South of Queensland, where a population of 3.000 birds is dispersed through of the Fraser Island and close to the continent, including Cooloola National Park, Reserve Wide Bay Military, Fraser State Forest and Great Sandy National Park.
In the post-breeding period, the dispersal of birds reaches areas of Gippsland and Ninety Mile Beach, Although they can also travel further including the interior Highlands.
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern
• Population trend: Decreasing
The Eastern Ground Parrot is not threatened globalmente.
Habitat loss mainly due to urban growth and modernization of agriculture, accentuated by the use of improper burning of stubble and restoration techniques of plantations of pine trees along the coast, It can be that they are endangering the species. These signs of decline are seen mostly in the West and the South of Australia.
Although the population of Tasmania probably exceed of the 100.000 specimens, the population in the South-East of the continent It is much more low and does not exceed the 3.000 Member.
"Eastern Ground Parrot" in captivity:
Take it easy, shy, active when feeds, After the sunset, enjoy bath. It is customary to their caregiver, but rarely survive beyond a few weeks.
Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
Birdlife
Photos:
(1) – To western ground parrot (Pezoporus wallicus flaviventris), one of eight in captivity. (WA Department of Environment) – australiangeographic
(2) – A Ground Parrot amongst vegetation By Jarrod Amoore [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Eastern Ground Parrot – Office of Environment and Heritage
(4) – flight views of bird flushed from heath by Mat Gilfedder – lynx
(5) – By Jennene Riggs – abc
(6) – By James Sowerby (1757 – 1822) (English) (Artist, Details of artist on Google Art Project) [Public domain or Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
32 cm. medium length and a weight between 300 and 400 g..
The Cape Parrot(Poicephalus robustus) has the head, neck and throat between olive brown and olive yellow, with darker spots (almost black in some birds), especially in the crown; lores and cheeks blackish; pale red frontal band, is present, occasionally, in males (generally evident in females).
The mantle feathers and scapulars dark green opaque, bright green-edged; rump bright green.
Coverts on the leading edges of the wings, Since the carpal joints at the base of the primaries, bright orange red; upper wing coverts, dark green to black, with lighter green edges; below, the feathers of the wings blackish and green. The primaries and secondaries black top, dark brown below. High area of the chest, stomach and vent, bright green; the thighs orange red glossy. Upper, the tail black; undertail, dark brown.
Some birds (around the 10%) have feathers yellow in the plumage spread.
Bill color horn; irises dark brown to reddish brown; legs bluish grey.
The females, generally (Although not always), they have well defined orange red frontal band.
The youth lack of color marks orange red envelope the wing-coverts and the thighs, but tend to show a bit of red in the forecrown.
In a study initiated in 1992, the taxonomic status of Lorito was revised Robusto (Poicephalus robustus) (Gmelin), and two species were proposed; Poicephalus robustus, restricted to montane forests of southern Africa, Poicephalus fuscicollis suahelicus, with wider distribution in wooded areas, and Poicephalus fuscicollis fuscicollis, similar to the Poicephalus fuscicollis suahelicus ostensibly, but with discontinuous, restricted to a narrow range of forests and West Africa.
(Reichenow, 1898) – Of larger size the species nominal, the male has the head and the neck a silvery gray and lacks the reddish frontal band. The female has orange colouring in the the thighs and in the shoulders and in the cere, while the male not. Blue tint in the rump.
Poicephalus robustus fuscicollis
(Kuhl, 1820) – The smaller subspecies. With more blue tones, especially in rump and bottom of the back.
Habitat:
They live in a variety of forest types, including Red Mangroves (Rhizophora mangle) (for example, in Gambia), riparian forests (for example in Ghana, Zimbabwe), Savanna Woods (for example, Nigeria, Ivory Coast), in montane forests at altitudes of 3,750m (for example, east of Zaire), in lowland forests (for example, South Zaire).
The birds of the Southern Africa they have favoritism by the Acacia mearnsii and Podocarpus forests at altitudes between 1.000 and 1,700 m, separating attitudinally and ecologically in the subspecies suahelicus, It occurs in lowland forests.
The birds of the Southern Africa (also perhaps other species) they form communal roosts before spreading to power remote areas (until 90 km) in small flocks.
Sometimes seen separately but more usually found in groups of up to 20 birds (sometimes 50). It forms mixed flocks with peers.
The season of breeding varies with locality. In Gambia, reportedly, breeding takes place between the months of February and April, While in Zimbabwe It is estimated to be between the months of March to June, and between October and November. In South Africa, breeding takes place in June and between August and October.
The laying tends to be of 3 to 4 eggs.
During the courtship the male feeds the female making exaggerated turns his head and dropping their wings to form a kind of layer around the lower half of your body. The pair shows a strong union ties and they spend much time grooming each other.
Food:
In Zimbabwe, In addition to daily trips in search of food, seasonal movements are performed in search of Uapaca and fruits of Sysygium.
Has been feeding of millet in Zimbabwe and Malawi, of peanuts harvested in Gambia and, occasionally, visiting gardens of Apple trees, but numerous enough to be considered a plague serious nowhere.
The birds of the Southern Africa feed almost exclusively on fruit of the Podocarpus, long as they are available.
Use the peak to climb between the branches when they feed in the trees; They also feed on the ground. The Cape Parrot make daily trips to secret locations for drinking water.
Distribution:
Probably occupy three zones separated, in the West, South-Central and South of Africa.
In West Africa, are from Gambia and South of Senegal to the East of Ghana and Togo.
In the Center-South of Africa, from the southwest of Congo, South and East of Zaire, Southwest of Uganda, Rwanda and from the center of Tanzania to the North of Namibia, North of Botswana, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
Flocks of foraging roam unpredictably and can remain away from traditional sites for weeks. Sometimes they make seasonal movements in relation to the availability of food, for example, in the northern savannas of Ghana.
Local and mostly uncommon across the range, Although more numerous and frequent in Ghana.
(Reichenow, 1898) – Are distributed by the center of Angola; Southeast of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda and South of Tanzania until Zimbabwe, North of Mozambique, and far northeast of South Africa; in populations along the lower Congo River the three subspecies can mix.
Poicephalus robustus fuscicollis
(Kuhl, 1820) – Are distributed from the South of the Senegal and Gambia to the North of Ghana
In 1988 included for the first time in the red list of threatened species by the IUCN as least concern species.
The size of its current population is estimated at less than 1.600 birds in their natural habitat.
Why not join this parrot species in critical hazard is due to the subspecies of this they comprise an area of diffusion much greater than that of the nominal species, whereupon, This leads to a growth in the population of subspecies and the decrease of the nominal species. The subspecies occupy all the Central Africa and Western, while the Poicephalus robustus only lives in some provinces of South Africa as they are Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal and Limpopo.
Over time the Poicephalus robustus, they have drastically dropped its population due to the uncontrolled felling of the forests of Sandalwood to manufacture furniture. Thus reaching that there is only two percent of the forest of Sandalwood.
Diffusion area of Poicephalus fuscicollis and Poicephalus robustus
In captive the Cape Parrot it is found in small quantities by several countries of Europe and without many successful breeding advances, so the first objective to preserve the nominal species is to control the logging of forests, Since the Cape Parrot they have to travel many miles to feed, as there is no food have to descend to feed from the crop fields where many die because they are hunted by the owners of the fields. Forests are also needed in the life of the Poicephalus robustus since they nest in cavities of the trees, they feed on.
The legal and illegal trade It is another point to be highlighted in the conservation of this species. Since 1998 the countries with the most legal exports have been Tanzania, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Ivory Coast. What makes think that the nominal species It has been the least affected in the terms of trade while the subspecies they have been the most affected and the most marketed. This can be known by looking at the area of diffusion of the subspecies and the countries with the most exports made..
The diseases they are also a major threat, above all in the nominal species. The disease of PBFD or beak and feather disease (Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease virus) is that more deaths has caused to the Poicephalus robustus.
"Cape Parrot" in captivity:
It is very similar in nature to the Grey Parrot.
Its capacity for imitation is still little known since, for years, has been very difficult to get in poultry farming.
Not advisable to keep mixed aviaries. Son quiet and depending on their way of breeding (natural or by hand) and previous experiences, they can be quite confident and curious, even without being hand reared do not usually take to commit themselves. As pets they are very Welcome to, Smart and affectionate, with a very good character.
Captive breeding of this species may be the last hope of saving it from total extinction.. The number of specimens in captivity is low, but enough, If handled properly to strengthen the species.
In terms of their longevity, according to sources, a Cape Parrot lived 29,7 years in captivity. In captivity, These birds can be raised from the 5 years of age.
Alternative names:
– Cape Parrot, Brown necked Parrot, Brown-necked Parrot, Cape or Brown-necked Parrot, Gray-headed Parrot, Grey-headed Parrot (English).
– Perroquet à cou brun, Perroquet du Cap, Perroquet du Cap ou P. à cou brun, Perroquet robuste (French).
– Graukopfpapage, Kap Papagei, Kappapagei (German).
– Papagaio-de-bico-grosso (Portuguese).
– Lorito Robusto, Loro de El Cabo, Lorito del Cabo (español).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Wikipedia
– Loromania
– Mundoexotics
– Photos:
(1) – To Brown-necked Parrot at Jurong Bird Park, Singapore By Peter so [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Cape Parrot en Benvie, Karkloof, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa By Alan Manson [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Youth, captive, friendly Poicephalus robustus fuscicollis by Bob Corrigan – Flickr
(4) – Male Cape parrot (Poicephalus robustus). Image credit: Cyril Laubscher – SCI-news.com
(5) – Cape parrot flying low over to wild plum tree. Africa's most endangered parrot like never before... (Rodnick Biljon) – nationalgeographic
(6) – Diffusion area of Poicephalus fuscicollis and Poicephalus robustus By Juan Caparrós (Own work) [GFDL or CC BY-SA 4.0-3.0-2.5-2.0-1.0], via Wikimedia Commons
The Black-collared Lovebird(Agapornis swindernianus) has the forecrown, the lores and crown emerald green. Narrow black band at the nape, behind yellow lined. Mantle and scapulars green; rump and coverts bright blue. Upperwing-coverts green. Flight feathers Blackish with vane Green external on the upper face. Underwing-coverts emerald green.
The underparts pale green pretty boring, particularly on chest; flanks brightest. Central feathers of the tail, large black hand with green tips; other red at the base, green tips with broad black subterminal band.
Bill greyish black; irises yellow; legs Dark yellow green.
Both sexes similar.
The immature they are like adult, but without the nuchal collar. The Green head, the Blue rump and red tail, colors are duller than adults. Iris brown. beak pale gray with black spot at the base.
Subspecies description:
Agapornis swindernianus emini (Neumann, 1908) – Of 13 cm length. The collar is red and black and is narrower, It does not extend to the beginning of chest.
Agapornis swindernianus swindernianus (Kuhl, 1820) – The species nominal
Agapornis swindernianus zenkeri (Reichenow, 1895) – Of 13 cm.. length. Under the black band it has reddish coloration extends to the chest diluted.
Habitat "inseparable acoloado":
The Black-collared Lovebird They inhabit lowland tropical evergreen forests, both primary and secondary, generally below the 700 m. although some reports indicate sightings 1.800 metres in Uganda.
Visits occasionally cultivated land. In general, in small flocks (until 20 birds), sometimes in larger groups during the dry season.
It is a bird, generally, arboreal; frequent the treetops, where they can be very difficult to detect when they remain silent.
Forman communal roosts in their favorite places.
"Inseparable acoloado" reproduction:
Reproduction of this species is, to a great extent, unknown; They have been observed in arboreal termite nests and it is suspected that breeding in the northern basin of the congo river It is in July.
"Inseparable acoloado" food:
Their main food is, apparently, seeds Ficus, extracted from its fruits, in mature forests, light areas near the forest and trees growing areas around the villages; They also take millet, corn and other seeds, as well as insects and their larvae.
birds in the distrito de Ituri, Democratic Republic of the Congo, feeding were observed in the rice crops and Sesame.
"Agapornis swindernianus" distribution:
The Black-collared Lovebird they are endemic in West Africa center in at least two (possibly three or four) separate populations.
In West Central Africa Its distribution extends from southern Cameroon south on Gabon and east to the north Congo river and extreme southwestern Central African Republic.
You can also see from the basin Congo river in West Uganda.
Subspecies distribution:
Agapornis swindernianus emini (Neumann, 1908) – Spread across the center and east of Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west end of Uganda.
Agapornis swindernianus swindernianus (Kuhl, 1820) – The species nominal
Agapornis swindernianus zenkeri (Reichenow, 1895) – Distributed in southern Cameroon and eastern Gabon to the southwest of Central African Republic and West Democratic Republic of the Congo.
The size of the world population Black-collared Lovebird It has not been quantified, but the species, according to sources, It is considered rare in Ghana and probably confined to forest reserves. Described as common in Gabon and Democratic Republic of the Congo and reasonably common in lowlands in Bwamba of Uganda.
The population is suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence of any reduction or substantial threats.
As a curiosity, emphasize that governments Liberia and Uganda stamps have been printed with his image.
The Inseparable Vireo in captivity:
Probably It not kept out of their range; some captured birds died after a few days or weeks; No further information is available.
As with any other pet, it is essential to ensure that the birds one is about to purchase have been captive bred and not wild caught. In addition to conservation and ethical reasons, trapped wild animals are more likely to get sick and die.
Alternative names:
– Black-collared Lovebird, Black collared Lovebird (English).
– Inséparable à collier noir, Inséparable à collier, Inséparable du Libéria (French).
– Grüköpfchen, Grünköpchen, Grünköpfchen (German).
– Inseparável-acollarado (Portuguese).
– Inseparable Acollarado, Inseparable de Cuello Negro (español).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Photos:
(1) – Black-collared lovebird, the great unknown – fischospi
(2) – A painting of a Black-collared Lovebird (originally captioned «Psittacula swinderniana. Swindern’s Parakeet») by Edward Lear (1812-1888) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
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The Spix's Macaw(Cyanopsitta spixii) has various shades of blue. The head is pale-blue, the wings and tail dark blue. The underside of wings and the tail are black. They have a naked skin in the face grey / Black which sometimes fades to white and white when they are underage.
Bill is completely black, except in the youth having a clean white stripe in the center of the bill. The white band of the bill and the white skin of the face of the youth disappears after 6 months.
The legs are pale grey when they are juveniles, being dark grey, almost black when they are of adults.
The eyes they are dark in the youth, but they fade to white when mature birds.
Information on the natural ecology and behavior of these birds is limited., now that research not started until they were nothing more than 3 known birds those that lived in the wild.
But, there are records in which they are associated with gallery forests dominated by Tabebuia seasonal streams to grow along (streams) in the area caatinga (Thorn scrub semiarid community).
There are reports of the Spix's Macaw inhabiting sheets closed or more common in caatinga habitats (that is to say, that they do not have trees Tabebuia caraiba). Opinions that the species is ecologically linked with palms Mauritia flexuosa left without support and, in view of the wide availability of these habitats, seems totally unlikely.
When a few birds were discovered in 1980, These showed a strong herding behavior. These and the remaining birds, showed strong habitual features, using for example, hangers in the bare branches at the top of the tall trees, making particles and daily flight routes to nesting sites (one of those places, according to reports, was used continuously during 50 years), the last Spix's Macaw which data have, they were strongly linked with the Blue-winged Macaw.
According to reports, sometimes, obsrvados sleeping on top of a cactus, for example, of the species Cereus squamosus.
Reproduction:
In the wild, the Spix's Macaw They nest in tree hollows, most frequently in Tabebuia caraiba mature, at least to several meters above the ground.
the brood, in general, is between the months of November-March may vary in relation to the calendar and the intensity of the rains.
The intercourse lasts usually between 2 and 3 minutes and is done with two birds staying together on a perch with one of the legs of the male (usually right) mounted on the rear of the rump of the female.
It is believed that the normal clutch size in the wild had three eggs. But, in captivity the most common clutch size is four and can range from one to seven. An average egg is of 40 mm x 30 mm and weighs some 20 g.. They lay an egg oval-shaped and white.
The incubation period is of 25-28 days and only the female performs incubation tasks. The females are fed by the male, both within the nest, and outside the nest. The chicks hatch mostly naked with a small amount of cover at the bottom. The emplumamiento occurs in approximately 70 days and captive birds, bred by hand, they tend to become independent between the 100 and 130 days.
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 50 km2
The Spix's Macaw they were endemic in the northeast of Brazil, mainly in the State of Bay, but also from Pernambuco. There they lived in a large expanse of semi-arid territory known as the Caatinga. Within the Caatinga There are micro-habitats, one of which – the Caraibeira Riparian Woodland, was the home of the Spix's Macaw. This particular habitat area is located near a small, charming town called Curaca, conveniently located along somewhere in the san francisco river. One of the tributaries that feed to the san francisco river is the Melancia Creek and it is through this waterway, where can I find the ancient habitat of the Spix's Macaw.
The Caraibeira (Tabebuia caraiba) It is the dominant tree species occurring along the banks of the Melancia Creek; It was also the most important tree species for the Spix's Macaw, Since it provided nesting hollows, shelter and food for the species.
Possibly previously ranged in one much larger Northeastern area of Brazil, that covers much of the region of the ‘Gerais‘ including the South of maranhão, to the northeast of Goiás, Southwest of Piauí and North of Bay, but reports from some of these areas are apparently based on finger-pointing and even erroneous information provided by bird hunters.
Conservation:
• Current Red List of UICN: Critical Hazard – Possibly extinct in the wild
• Population trend: Unknown
The Spix's Macaw It may not be the largest or most colourful species of macaws but is the Parrot with more critically endangered in the world, no known wild specimens(UICN, 2004).
While this species exists captive in various populations, the last known individual in the wild disappeared in late 2000, mainly as a result of the capture for the bird trade Wild addition by the habitat loss. But, cannot yet be presumed extinct in the wild until all potential areas of habitat have been thoroughly reviewed.
Any remaining population is likely to be small, and for these reasons the Spix's Macaw It is treated as a species in critical hazard (possibly extinct in the wild).
– CITES Appendix I, protected by the Brazilian legislation.
– Ten years of protection, the restoration of the habitat and a variety of community-based conservation in course programmes, they will pave the way for future reintroductions (Y. de Melo Barros in litt., 1999, 2000, Caparroz et to the. 2001).
– IBAMA It established the Permanent Committee of the Brazilian Government for the recovery of the Spix's Macaw and cooperation between the holders of birds resulted in annual increments in the captive population.
– This body is succeeded by the Working Group for the recovery of the Spix's macaw (Me and Melo Barros 2006), now supervised by the Chico Mendes biodiversity conservation Institute (ICMBio). This group is responsible for coordinating the captive breeding program, having reintroduction facilities in place later followed by breeding facilities.
– The official captive population totaled 80 individuals in 2012, currently being these important proportions in the hands of Al - Wabra Wildlife Preservation (AWWP) in Qatar and Fundación Loro Parque (LPF) in Tenerife, Spain.
– Other official media are found in Brazil and Germany.
– Including the birds that have not been registered by the official program, It is believed that more than 90 Spix's macaw can exist in captivity around the world.
– Breeding success has occurred within some registered facilities, including AWWP and LPF. The latter has maintained the species since 1984 and in 2007 a new breeding center was opened for the Spix's macaws (Anon 2008a).
– AWWP raised successfully five chicks in 2012 and seven in 2013 (Gillespie 2014).
– In 2013 and 2014, females in the captive-breeding population in AWWP they were artificially inseminated, an egg-laying take place successfully (Anon 2015, Tomiska 2015).
– Management and recovery of the species in captivity is in preparation for this species.
– In February of 2009 To the Wabra Wildlife Preservation announced the purchase of the 2.200 acres of the Concord Farm in the State of Bay, Brazil, the site has one of the last recorded sightings of Spix's Macaw Wild, in October of 2000 (To Wabra Wildlife Preservation undated).
– Concord Farm It was also the basis of the field project of the Spix's Macaw, funded largely by the LPF, that operated in whole decade of 1990 until the completion in 2002, and the site for the release of the only prisoner of Spix's Macaw missing by returning to their natural habitat, in 1995.
– Concord Farm borders with the 400 acres of the Gangorra Farm, previously acquired by a consortium of conservation.
– Intended to allow that both farms can return to a more natural state by removing domestic cattle, in order to, long-term, the place can be a valuable habitat for the future restoration of a wild population of Spix's Macaw.
Conservation Actions Proposed:
– Identify a release site suitable for the annual potential release of birds bred in captivity from between 2013 and 2030 based on the success of captive breeding efforts (Me and Melo Barros 2006).
– Continue to develop artificial reproduction techniques to increase the population.
– Protect and enhance the habitat at the site of release identified (Me and Melo Barros 2006).
– Establish a well equipped facility in place of reintroduction in Praia do Forte under property IBAMA (Me and Melo Barros 2006).
– Introduce chicks bred in captivity and ensure its protection of trappers.
– Continue the cooperation between the holders of captive birds.
– Continue ecological studies to assess the need for habitat management (Snyder et to the., 2000).
– Continue the community programs.
"Spix's Macaw" in captivity:
Some suggest that there may be up to 120 These beautiful birds in private collections – the exact number is unknown. But, what is certain is that these last Spix's macaws survivors are among the most valuable and protected birds in the world.
Its longevity is estimated between 20-30 years in the nature and 20-40 years in captivity. Latest Spix's Macaw known wild had at least 20 years of age, at the time of his disappearance. There are two Spix's macaws in captivity who were born in 1976 and these are the Macaws oldest registered species.
Alternative names:
– Spix’s Macaw, Little Blue Macaw (English).
– Ara de Spix (French).
– Spixara, Spix Ara, Spix-Ara (German).
– Ararinha-azul (Portuguese).
– Ararinha-azul (Portuguese (Brazil)).
– Guacamayo de Spix, Maracaná Azul (español).
Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
Birdlife
TO THE WABRA WILDLIFE PRESERVATION
Photos:
(1) – A Spix's Macaw in Vogelpark Walsrode, Walsrode, Germany in about 1980 By Rüdiger Stehn from Kiel, Deutschland (71 Spix-Ara) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – A juvenile in captivity. Note white stripe along top of beak and pale-grey bare facial skin By The original uploader was Robert01 at German Wikipedia(Original text: Robert01) (Self-photographed) [CC BY-SA 2.0 of], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Exhibit in Museum of Natural History, Berlin, Germany. Photography was permitted in the museum without restriction By Daderot (Own work) [CC0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – guacamayo de Spix (Cyanopsitta spixii) por Lycaon – Fauna extinta recientemente, redescubierta, nuevas especies – ellinceiberico
(5) – Cyanopsitta spixii – Parrot-birds
(6) – An 1878 painting of an adult by Joseph Smit [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
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