The Rose-faced Parrot(Pyrilia pulchra) be distinguished easily by your face and both sides of neck purple-red with black margin; crown and throat grayish coffee. General green olive in the back and beige in the belly. Wings with the part superior mixed with yellow or red orange and the rest green blue.
Stubby-looking and tail short. The immature they have only have a red line on the eye and the ear While their cheeks are coffee Green.
The Rose-faced Parrot is a parrot little known, which is commonly found between 1,200 and 2,100 m above sea level, Although has been observed at altitudes as low as 200 m. Inhabits humid and semi-deciduous forests of lowlands and temperate. According to the information available, is known that this Parrot is often feed is on the canopy of forests, Although visit disturbed areas and crops. Flying in pairs or groups of size variable up to of 25 or more.
Reproduction:
The data on reproduction are scarce. But, they have observed individuals with gonads developed between November and February in the Chocó, in Colombia and Ecuador.
Food:
Its diet It is little known, but some observations indicate that includes in its feeding fruits of Oenocarpus bataua (Arecaceae) and other fruits from species wild and plants cultivated as banana and corn.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 195.000 km2
Are you can observe in freedom from the West of Colombia to the West of Ecuador.
Conservation:
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.
• Population trend: Stable.
Justification of the population
The population size World has not been quantified, but this species is described as "uncommon and irregularly distributed" (Stotz et to the., 1996).
Justification of trend
It is suspected that the population is stable in absence of evidence of any decline or threatens substantial.
"Rose-faced Parrot" in captivity:
Not usually seen in aviculture. Extremely sensitive, has ever survived more than one couple of months in captivity.
Alternative names:
– Rose-faced Parrot, Beautiful Parrot, Rose faced Parrot (English).
– Caïque à joues roses (French).
– Rosenwangenpapagei, Rosenwangen-Papagei (German).
– Rose-faced Parrot (Portuguese).
– Cotorra Carirrosada, Lorito Carirrosado, Lorito de Cara Rosada (español).
The crown of the Yellow-capped Pygmy-Parrot(Micropsitta keiensis) is yellow ocher, with a warm brown in forecrown; lores, chin and area under the eyes, brown; coverts outpus, dark green, tending to lighter green on cheeks and throat.
Upperparts, dark green with center at wing-coverts and feathers of black color with a black colored margin extrecho; flight feather black with vane Green external; feathers wings green. The underparts are yellowish-green, with fine dark stripes; undertail-coverts yellow and green. Upper, the tail It is iridescent, slightly greenish blue in the Center, Foreign feathers blackish with yellow spot on the ends. Under, the tail dark blue and yellow.
Bill dark grey; irises brown; legs dark gray.
Both sexes similar. Immature like females but with bill pale yellow.
(Rothschild, 1911) – Similar a nominal, but darker.
Micropsitta keiensis chloroxantha
(Oberholser, 1917) – The mature more muted. The underparts with red markings male, dyed yellowish in female.
Habitat:
It inhabits in the forests of lowlands, in secondary growth and, sometimes around inhabited areas and coconut trees. The ecology species is similar to that of the Buff-faced Pygmy-Parrot. The birds are alone, in pairs or in small groups, and they can be distributed by undergrowth to some 20 meters above the ground. They climb on trunks and branches, and they can go down head, in inverted position, sometimes.
Reproduction:
Nest and roost Termites in tree cavities, they excavate the cavity by themselves; tunnel passageways go up and may bend before reaching nest-chamber. up the laying two white eggs deposited in a cavity unlined (dimensions around 20 cm x 15 cm.), and they can be occupied by other adults roost (up to four) during the breeding season. The exact role of these visiting birds is unknown, It is thought that they can help with the tasks of nest. nesting It has been recorded from October to March
Food:
With feed lichen, fungi, seeds, fruits and insects. Most of the lichen is collected directly from the surface of the bark of trees..
Distribution:
Size of its range (breeding/resident): 763.000 km2
28 cm.. length and a weight between 200 and 225 g..
The head of the Golden-mantled Racquet-tail(Prioniturus platurus) is light green. The crown Violet gray with a red spot on the front edge; rear of the neck Ocre-Naranja. Mantle light grey, changing to green (marked in grey) on the back; rump and uppertail-coverts green. Wing coverts green, strongly impregnated with pale grey (more green in the coverts more internal); primaries Greens with vane Dark internal; secondary internal green with yellow line in the margins; bend of wing grey violet, carpal edge yellow. Wing feathers green; underside of flight feather marked in blue. Underparts brighter yellowish green, more green in the upper part of the chest, and yellow in the undertail-coverts. Upper, the tail green in the center, dotted in bluish black on the sides; undertail, the tail pale blue; spatulas blackish.
Bill pale grey, with the lower jaw and the tip of the bill darker; irises dark brown; legs grey.
The female lacks the color red and blue marks from the crown and of the collar back orange; underparts washed in less differentiated grey; rackets shorter tail.
– (Hartert, E, 1898) Paler in general males; less grey on the mantle and the upper wing coverts; stain clear reddish pink on the back of the Crown with most blue patch.
The female as the nominal species but green with paler
Juveniles as the nominal species but also with the Green pale
Prioniturus platurus sinerubris
– (Forshaw, 1971) Males with reddish pink spot away from the back of the Crown; mantle and upper wing coverts, green, slightly washed with grey; curve of wing and lesser coverts bathed in purple; smaller.
Habitat:
The Golden-mantled Racquet-tail inhabits the edges of humid forests, forests, orchards and forests of the lowlands Moss, to 2.000 m (most common above 1.000 m). The birds are seen generally in small noisy groups of 5-10 Member, flying over the forest, or during daily movements between the feeding and rest areas.
Reproduction:
A female in breeding condition was observed in October and the nest was in a hollow tree; nothing more is known about the reproductive behavior of the species.
Food:
Have been seen feeding on fruiting mango (Mangifera indica), and the diet includes fruits, seeds and flowers.
Distribution:
Size of the distribution (reproduction / resident): 186.000 km2
Restricted to Sulawesi and nearby islands, including Talaud, Siau, Lembeh, Togian, Group Banggai, Ambon, Muna and Button. Usually, the species is common and the world population is considered to be above 10.000 exemplary and stable: Nominal race numbers are calculated to be above the 10.000 birds and stable, the subspecies talautensis It is less numerous with a population of about of 5.000 specimens, and the sinerubris It is thought that it may be around 10.000 exemplary and probably stable.
Subspecies distribution:
Prioniturus platurus platurus
– The nominal.
Prioniturus platurus talautensis
– (Hartert, E, 1898) Is distributed in the Talaud Islands.
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern
• Population trend: Stable
The size of the world population It has not been quantified, Although it is estimated that it may be between 10,000 and 20,000 specimens. The species is described as common (pit et to the. 1997).
The population is suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence of any reduction or substantial threats.
"Golden-mantled Racquet-tail" in captivity:
Susceptible to fungal infections. Rare in captivity.
The Olive-shouldered Parrot(Aprosmictus jonquillaceus) has the head bright pale green. "Mantle" and back darker green color that the of the head and underparts, showing a blue diffusion; rump bright teal pale. Uppertail brighter yellowish green.
Upper, the wing feathers with small coverts fused in color yellow-green; Blue dark greenish in the curve of the wings; outer median coverts bright Scarlet, feathers interiors lit of color green yellowish with a bit of red in the tips. Large external coverts scarlet, feathers interiors light green, some showing red ends; some feathers turquoise green on the edge of the carpus; primary coverts Green with broadcasting blue at the tips of the vane outer; secondary green medium, primaries medium green with blue diffusion in the coats of the feathers outermost. Wing feathers brighter yellowish green; underside of flight feather black. The underparts light green, more yellowish in them the thighs and undertail-coverts. Upper, the tail of color green dark with edges of color yellow, and with vane yellowish external to the lateral feathers; undertail, the tail of color Brown blackish with tips yellow, and with yellowish diffusion in vane outside of lateral feathers.
Bill orange red, with yellow tip; irises orange: legs blackish gray.
The female lacks of the broadcast Blue in the the mantle, shows less contrast between the head and the the mantle, limb yellowish to them greater coverts red, and have them irises more Brown.
Immature has green, No greenish-yellow, in the wing-coverts and irises of Brown pale.
(Salvadori, 1891) – The male as the nominal but the coverts wing lower and Middle are of color green washed with yellow; the mantle and top of the back pale green, with less blue markings; less red on the outer half and the secondary wings covers; smaller.
The female is like the female of the nominal species, but the uppertail-coverts darker green; slightly smaller in size.
The youth as the youth of the nominal species, but with the uppertail-coverts darker green; smaller.
In Timor the species is found in forests, acacia savannas, primary and secondary forest, from sea level to the 2.200 m (2.600 meters altitude extreme). In Wetar, observed in 1990 in recently logged forests, near the coast.
The ecology of the species is probably similar to that of the Red-winged Parrot, but it is not well known; observations of birds that fly involve couples and small flocks. A couple allowed a closer approach, observing her in silence to three meters high in a big tree.
Reproduction:
Their reproductive habits are unknown, probably similar to the of the Red-winged Parrot.
Food:
Probably similar to the of the Red-winged Parrot: seeds, fruit, flowers and insects; in the mangroves, the mistletoe is your favorite food.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 28.500 km2
The world population is estimated at around 10.000 specimens and it is probably stable, although like most Indonesian parrots the species is vulnerable to capture and habitat loss. A moderate number in captivity.
The total population has been estimated at 10,000 individuals (Lambert et to the., 1993), probably including mature individuals 6,700.
The population is suspected that it may be declining due to the continuous destruction of the habitat and unsustainable levels of exploitation.
Ongoing conservation actions
Appendix II of CITES. Quotas were imposed during the Decade zero of 1990 while uncertainty existed about the total population size, but these are not met.
Conservation Actions Proposed
• Review estimates of the population of the species and review the impact of trade on their numbers..
• Determine if declines are still evident.
• Protect areas of suitable habitat.
"Olive-shouldered Parrot" in captivity:
Game, with low noise level, aggressive with other birds. You can require deworming.
The Orange-bellied Parrot(Neophema chrysogaster) is a small ‘Grass parakeet‘, so called for spending a lot of time on the ground feeding on seeds and grasses.
adults have, approximately, 21 cm length and a weight of around of 45 to 50 g..
Has the crown, the nape and the the mantle bright green, with one frontal band dark blue and a lighter blue later point that does not extend beyond the eyes.
Face and lores are yellowish-green. You have a few different bands in the wings Green and blue colors, the vane inmates of the wing-coverts are green, the blue outer.
The primary coverts are dark blue. The primary feathers Black has the outside edges with fine violet blue and yellow. The secondaries has a green border.
The underparts is blue. The chest Green is mixed with the greenish yellow color under the tail. The belly is very stained Orange. The top of queue is green with blue tip. The lateral tail feathers they are yellow with blue-green bases.
Peak and iris are black, the legs are grey.
The female is more off than the male, the frontal band has a single tone. The stain ventral Orange is smaller.
Between the juveniles, the frontal band is barely visible. The Wing band is very prominent and the bill is pale.
As one migratory species, its habitat varies throughout the year, with the birds that live in the marshes, coastal dunes, pastures, scrub, estuaries, Islands, beaches and Moors generally within the 10 km of distance from shore.
There is practically no records more towards the inside of 5 km and most are within 2 km from the coast. The holes of mature eucalyptus, as the Smithton Peppermint (Eucalyptus nitida) and the Swamp gum (Eucalyptus ovata), they are used by the Orange-bellied Parrot for the nesting during the breeding season in Tasmania, and breeding habitat is a mosaic of moorland and reed-covered land, dominated by the Button Gras (Gymnoschoenus sphaerocephalus) and forests.
The behavior of foraging species are usually characterized by the power in the suelor or in low vegetation, in general a less than 1 m above ground.
The birds they feed usually in pairs or individually during the breeding season, and in small herds of variable size in non-breeding season. Solitary birds often have been feeding with other species, especially with the Blue-winged Parrot (Neophema chrysostoma).
Reproduction:
In Tasmania, the only breeding place, spawning takes place in the months of November and December.
The nest of the Orange-bellied Parrot is located in natural cavities, between the 8 and 25 meters of height in eucalyptus (Eucalyptus nitida) and less frequently, in the (Eucalyptus ovata). The nest is sometimes maintained during several consecutive years. The marital ties they are strong and sometimes last a lifetime.
The spawning included among 3 and 6 eggs they are incubated during 21 days. Young people are altricial and remain in the nest for at least 5 weeks.
Food:
Initially, on Spring, the Orange-bellied Parrot they feed on plants. They mostly eat seed Sedge (Reedy) and parts of the herbs of the genus Boronia or Actinotus.
At the beginning of Winter, the regime being vegetarian, suffering some transformations. the Orange-bellied Parrot consume algae in decomposition, seeds and herbs Poaceae and Halophyte, that is to say, you adapt to saline environments, as the Rock Samphire (A maritime rhythm).
The goosefoot )Chenopodium) and Salt plants (Atriplex) also classic in their food. Introduced plants such as the Sea rocket (Cakile maritima) they are also popular.
Distribution:
Tamaño del área de distribución (reproducción/residente) 3.100 km2
They migrate across Islands in the West of the bass strait (mainly King Island) towards the coast South of Australia, to Hibernate from the months of March to July, mainly along the coasts of the Bahía Port Phillip, Victoria (largest number of birds in Point Wilson and Swan Island, including the Queenscliffe Golf Course). They also overwinter in small numbers., from Gippsland, Victoria, to the West of the Coorong, Southern Australia. Occasionally occur during winter in areas of Tasmania and surrounding islands, as well as other individuals spend the summer on the mainland.
Every summer around 40 couples are reproduced, and an analysis of nine nests showed an average offspring of 1,7 pups per pair. The post-breeding population increased by about 50 individuals, of around 170 birds, but the population is becoming increasingly smaller, which suggests a high annual mortality. Adults begin to leave the breeding area in February and fly across the coast of Tasmania, crossing the bass strait, mainly through King Island (also records in the Hunter Croup) towards the coast of the Southeast of Australia (young birds usually travel a month later).
The Orange-bellied Parrot They tend to move around the continent, and are in the South of Australia at the end of winter. They return to breed in the months of September and October, they usually travel directly back to their breeding grounds. Since 1979 to 1990, the wintering population has remained relatively stable, with a count of 67 to 126 individuals registered every year (with a maximum of 50% of the world's population known with presence in Point Wilson).
In the last century the species flying in flocks of thousands of individuals (and raised as far East as Sydney up to approximately 1907). Wintering habitat loss and capture for the bird trade are cited as factors in its decline.
Possible winter habitat loss remains a threat, as does competition from introduced herbivores, the disturbance, and the possibility of exploration and exploitation of minerals. A detailed recovery plan includes the management of winter habitat with the exclusion of grazing animals, the diversion of economic activity and the development of Murtcaim Wildlife Management Area about Point Wilson. Captive-bred birds have been released and mixed with wild individuals.
Conservation:
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Critically Endangered
• Population Trend: Decreasing
The Orange-bellied Parrot It has a very low population size. This very low population size is even more significant, given that the species migrates through of the Bass Strait, with which this species is subjected to the additional risk by stormy phenomena on their migratory journey.
Has a restricted geographic range when breeding, and apparently a limited supply of food during migration and winter.
The species is found in a single population of between 100 and 150 mature individuals. Habitat loss, fragmentation and modification, particularly on the migration route and in the wintering areas, they are the key threats to the survival of the species.
For a small population, stochastic factors, as the disease, storms during the migratory species, and the destruction of nests by forest fires have the potential to reduce the survival of the species in the long term.
The Orange-bellied Parrot It has a restricted geographical distribution which is precarious for its survival.
The Scientific Committee of Threatened Species considers that the Orange-bellied Parrot has suffered a historic decline since European colonization. It is considered, In addition, that the recent recovery actions that have been implemented are having a beneficial impact on the species and the possibility of future stability in the reproduction sites is becoming apparent. But, as the population of the Orange-bellied Parrot is so low, the data that we have are based on a small area of occupancy and it is likely that this species continue suffering from a series of threats in course, with what the Committee may not be sufficiently secure that available information indicate that the population is stable and safe.
Future declines in population are still likely as a result of potential threats, especially the stochastic and genetic threats to small populations are likely and that can lead to the extinction.
"Orange-bellied Parrot" in captivity:
The Orange-bellied Parrot is very rare in captivity and is, probably, more present in the hands of European collections. There are also some captive birds by some fans in Australia, to the South of the continent.
Fifteen years ago in South Australia, under expert supervision, were built cages with the aim of raising these birds and avoid that the Orange-bellied Parrot disappeared completely. In the early years, most of the young people died from diseases of the beak and feathers (PBFD), a viral disease (virus BFD). Similarly, cold winters in this region, where was launched the project, they had a negative effect on the end result.
Once the aviaries were displaced to areas more temperate and increased its amount, the result is improved and each year dozens of parrots have been released into the wild.
The Orange-bellied Parrot they are birds calm, peaceful and little noisy. They belong to the less active within the genre of the kind Neophema, so tend to the Obesity. These birds spend much time ashore. Usually, bathe once a day, in long baths. Reproduce well in captivity. They are exceptionally susceptible to various infections, including the intestinal parasites. These birds also, often, they die without apparent reason.
Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
Ministry of the environment – Australia – Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act)
Birdlife
Photos:
(1) – Orange-bellied Parrot (Neophema chrysogaster) male, Melaleuca, Southwest Conservation Area, Tasmania, Australia By JJ Harrison (jjharrison89@facebook.com) (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Orange-bellied Parrot (Neophema chrysogaster) female, Melaleuca, Southwest Conservation Area, Tasmania, Australia By JJ Harrison (jjharrison89@facebook.com) (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Orange-bellied Parrot (Neophema chrysogaster) Melaleuca,Tasmania by Ron Knight – Flickr
(4) – Orange-bellied parrot, Neophema chrysogaster, photographed at Tasmania, Australia – Image: David Boyle/National Geographic [velociraptorize]
(5) – Photo: Justin McManus
(6) – John Latham – Allen, ELSA G. (1951) The History of American Ornithology before Audubon. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, New be. 41(3):387-591. See page for author [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
Origin: South Africa, Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya, Malawi
Character: ...
Life expectancy: 32 years
Height: 22 cm..
Content
Description:
Of 22 cm.. length and a weight between 120 and 156 g..
The Brown-headed Parrot(Poicephalus cryptoxanthus) has the head, including the nape, the chin and throat brown; ear-coverts paler. Mantle brown, but more to the tail; scapulars dark green-edged Brown; rump and uppertail-coverts bright green. Upper, the wing-coverts green, sometimes with a small yellow spot on the curve of the wing
folded; wing feathers yellow. Primaries brown with vane Blue-Green external; the secondaries brown.
The feathers in the upper area of the chest brown with a narrow green edge at the bottom; the rest of the underparts green, but darker bases of the feathers, giving a mottled look.
Tail dark brown with green washing and dark green tip.
The upper jaw and cere grey-black (darker towards tip), lower pale, almost white; irises yellow-green light; periophthalmic ring and legs dark grey to black.
Both sexes similar.
Immature generally more muted than adults and with the irises brown.
Poicephalus cryptoxanthus cryptoxanthus (Peters,W, 1854) – Nominal species
Poicephalus cryptoxanthus tanganyikae (Bowen, 1930) – As the nominal but more pale species; more green and less Brown. Green mantle and underparts brighter. Bib of brown feathers on the throat and upper of the much smaller chest than in the nominal species; the head more color olive brown.
Habitat:
Is located in almost all the forests: riparian forests, in the interior of the savannah forests and in the dry forests of southeastern Africa, but it seems to avoid the miombo woodland and prefers areas with baobabs.
Registered in coconut plantations, riparian forest, the edges of small farms and mangroves.
Confined in lowlands (below the 1.200 metres above sea level in Tanzania and 1.000 metres in Malawi).
Gregarious; usually seen them is in small flocks of about 12 birds, but can meet up to 50 in places of power. Sometimes it is associated with the Cape Parrot and also observed feeding in the company of the Madagascar Green-Pigeon.
Reproduction:
Normally nest in hollows of old trees of woodpeckers, between 4 and 10 meters above the ground. Often has to compete with the Cape Parrot, Meyer's Parrot, squirrels and Crowned Hornbill the nesting sites.
Season of laying egg is April-May in the South of its range.
The laying is of 2 to 4 eggs, which are incubated solely by the female during 26-30 days, While the male feeds her on the nest.
The chicks they remain in the nest during 50-54 days Before leaving for the "breeding area", which is usually an area of dense broadleaf trees with a nearby water supply. During this time the chicks are silent and largely immobile, becoming fully independent a few 28 days later.
They forage, with slow and deliberate movements, climbing and often holding the food between the claws. They drink daily, around midday.
Distribution:
The Brown-headed Parrot are distributed by the southeast of Africa. From the North-East of South Africa (Swaziland, Zululand and Transvaal) through the southeast of Zimbabwe, Mozambique and South of Malawi to the East of Tanzania (including the island of Pemba and southern end of Zanzibar) and southeastern edge of Kenya.
Apparently sedentary. In some places, the Brown-headed Parrot, are a species common, especially close to the coast and in the South of its range, but in some other areas are scarce or rather local; in Zanzibar possibly extinct.
Distribution Subspecies:
Poicephalus cryptoxanthus cryptoxanthus (Peters,W, 1854) – Nominal species
Poicephalus cryptoxanthus tanganyikae (Bowen, 1930) – Mozambique, to the North of the Save River across the South of Malawi and this from Tanzania to the coastal part of Kenya.
It is not threatened, although its distribution has contracted since 1990, to a large extent due to the capture illegal for the industry of cage birds.
More and more vulnerable due to the loss and fragmentation of their habitat.
Largely confined to protected areas in Zululand and East of Transvaal.
"Brown-headed Parrot" in captivity:
The only data we have on this bird, according to sources, is that one specimen was still alive after 32,1 years in captivity.
Alternative names:
– Brown-headed Parrot, Brown headed Parrot, Brownheaded Parrot (English).
– Perroquet à tête brune (French).
– Braunkopfpapagei, Braunkopf-Papagei (German).
– Papagaio-de-cabeça-castanha (Portuguese).
– Lorito Cabecipardo, Lorito de Cabeza Parda (español).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Photos:
(1) – A Brown-headed Parrot at Kruger National Park, South Africa Henry Flower at en.Wikipedia [CC BY-SA 3.0 or GFDL], from Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Bungalow N°51, Mopani Camp, Kruger NP, SOUTH AFRICA By Bernard DUPONT from FRANCE (Brown-headed Parrot (Poicephalus cryptoxanthus)) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – A Brown-headed Parrot in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa By New Jersey Birds (Brown-headed ParrotUploaded by snowmanradio) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Bungalow N°51, Mopani Camp, Kruger NP, SOUTH AFRICA By Bernard DUPONT from FRANCE (Brown-headed Parrot (Poicephalus cryptoxanthus)) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Lower Sabie Camp, Kruger NP, SOUTH AFRICA By Bernard DUPONT from FRANCE (Brown-headed Parrot (Poicephalus cryptoxanthus)) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
Among 55 and 61 cm.. of length and a weight of 224 g..
The Nicobar Parakeet(Psittacula caniceps) has the crown, upper cheeks and ear-coverts pale grey; stripe black in the region perioftalmica through the lores up to the forecrown; the lower cheeks and the chin are black. Nape and upper mantle pale gray bathed in blue; rest of the upper region green grass pale.
Upperwing-coverts green; primaries and secondaries Green with dark tips. Underwing-coverts green. Underparts green, slightly paler than upper parts. The elongated feathers central tail green with grey tinge, outer green.
upper jaw coral red, the lower black; cere dark grey; irises orange-red; legs dark gray.
The female has the bill black, the grey of the head and nape more strongly impregnated with blue, and tail slightly shorter.
The immature similar to females.
Habitat:
The Nicobar Parakeet it is difficult to locate visually among the dense foliage, Although its presence is revealed by their distinctive calls. Their flight is fast and direct.
They inhabit in the high rainforest. Generally held among the dense foliage on canopy, about everything when not fully.
They are perhaps most abundant in the coastal forests than inside.
Has also been recorded in areas with plants of Areca catechu and coconut plantations, which suggests a considerable tolerance of the species in habitats modified.
Usually, observed in pairs or in small groups.
Reproduction:
Unknown breeding habits.
Food:
Unknown diet except for the fruits of Pandanus, abundant in the inhabited islands of the Nicobar archipelago.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 1,100 km2
endemic to the Nicobar Islands, located in the Indian Ocean and belonging to the India. Registered since Great Nicobar, Montschall and Kondul. Resident. His status is unknown but they are potentially at risk due to habitat loss due to the expansion of rice cultivation; also affected its population because of the bird trade, Although there is little local use of these birds as pets and there are no known international traffic.
The population of the Nicobar Parakeet It is suspected that It may be waning as a result of the destruction of habitat due to the tsunami of the 2004 (K. Sivakumar in litt. 2007), due to the development of the island, and because the capture for the wild bird trade. But, more research is needed to establish with precision the trends.
Probably between 10,000 – 15,000 specimens on freedom.
The main threats to the Nicobar Parakeet They come because of the large number of birds that are trapped for the cage bird trade.. On the other hand, the increase of settlements on the Islands It has led to increased pressure on natural resources and the planned development projects may seriously affect the habitat of this species. The tsunami of 2004 It destroyed large tracts of coastal forest that may have caused a further decline in the population. But, the data remains scarce, and the rate of regeneration of these forests is unknown (K. Sivakumar in litt., 2007).
Conservation Actions Proposed:
– Determine the impact of the trade in the species.
– Calculate the rates of forest loss.
– Protect remaining habitat areas.
– Assess the impact of the tsunami of 2004.
"Nicobar Parakeet" in captivity:
There is not much information available; probably brought for the London Zoo at the beginning of 20th century; kept as pets, at an unknown number, by the local population of the Nicobar Islands
Since the Nicobar Parakeet is a species so rare, It is not recommended to keep them captive, it is preferable to place them in a breeding program well managed by expert hands.
Alternative names:
– Nicobar Parakeet, Blyth’s Parakeet (English).
– Perruche des Nicobar, Perruche de Blyth (French).
– Graukopfsittich (German).
– Periquito-de-nicobar (Portuguese).
– Cotorra de Nicobar (español).
Among 28 and 30.5 cm.. of length and a weight of 232 g..
The Green Parakeet(Psittacara holochlorus) is a medium-sized Parrot with the wings in sharp form and the tail long and stitch. Its plumage is bright green, and can present several pens red or orange in the neck. In general, the underwing-coverts are metallic greenish-yellow color, While the the flight feathers and the bottom sides of the the tail feathers are yellow-olive. Presents a eye ring pale beige and the irises orange, the legs yellowish brown.
The Green Parakeet, as well as their subspecies, avoid moist lowland forests; Instead, prefer deciduous forests and gallery forests, scrub, clear and the edges of the forest.
In East Mexico, mainly seen in upland forest with some movements toward deciduous forests at elevations lower than during the non-breeding season. Registered to 2.100 meters in Mexico (the subspecies «brewsteri» at altitudes between 1,250 and 2,000m).
Views in flocks outside the breeding season, sometimes in groups of more of 100 birds, being larger groupings in places where food is abundant.
Reproduction:
The nests of the Green Parakeet they are located in tree cavities (for example, cavities made by woodpeckers), crack in rocks, holes in buildings or termite mounds. Colonial nesting reported in caves in the East of Mexico.
The breeding season has been recorded in the month of January to the East of Mexico (young in the nest); in April in Tamaulipas, to the South of Mexico.
The clutch most common consists of four eggs.
Food:
Diet Green Parakeet is based on seeds, nuts, berries and fruits; reported foods include the fruits of Myrica mexicana, seeds of Mimosa and corn (they can be destructive with their crops).
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 275.000 km2
Some specimens settled in cities in southeastern Texas; It is not clear if they come from Pet escapes or are wild vagrant who emigrated from the North of Mexico. It is generally not migratory, but you can scroll to get food.
Subspecies distribution:
Psittacara holochlorus brewsteri
(Nelson, 1928) – Mountains of Northwest of Mexico, to the South of Sonora, Northeast of Sinaloa and South of Chihuahua.
• Red List category of the UICN current: Least concern
• Population trend: Decreasing
The population of the Green Parakeet It is suspected that it is between a slow to moderate decline due to the expansion of intensive farming and capture for the wild bird trade (Juniper and Parr 1998).
The State of conservation, globally, regards it as a kind of Least concern because it is abundant and widely distributed. It is considered one endangered species within the Mexican law by its restricted distribution. Nest boxes they have been provided in the South of Texas nest (Brush 2007).
The world population is estimated at 200.000 mature individuals.
Although it is not as popular as other large amazon parrots, the Green Parakeet is maintained as pet by the local population; have also been exported as pets to the United States. Although there are no accumulated figures, during the period of 9 months between October of 1979 and June of 1980, 327 birds were imported to the United States (Roete et to the. 1982).
While the loss of habitat It is probably the factor affecting the population of the Green Parakeet, their capture for the bird trade It is likely to be negative at the local level.
With the signing of the Wild birds Protection Act of 1991, the Green Parakeet can not be imported to the EE.UU. unless they are part of a breeding program authorized.
The marketing of all the species Mexican species parrots (parakeets, parrots and macaws) is banned in Mexico. Since the year 2008 It is a federal crime to catch, sell, buy this type of animal.
"Green Parakeet" in captivity:
Maintained as pet by the locals although its marketing is prohibited in Mexico.
The illegal trade in parrots and macaws is held thanks to demand from consumers. If the demand for these wild species is reduced, then the offer would be reduced and therefore the illegal capture.
According to sources, a specimen lived 21,8 years in captivity
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Photos:
(1) – Green Parakeet From The Crossley ID Guide Eastern Birds By Richard Crossley (Richard Crossley) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Green Parakeet by Vince Smith – Flickr
(3) – Aratinga verde by G. Lasley/Vireo – audubon.org
(4) – Aratinga verde by G. Lasley/Vireo – audubon.org
(5) – Aratinga holochlora (Psittacara holochlorus) – Bellas Aves de El Salvador –
Captive Management Using Biological Data
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