Approximately from 33 cm.. length, and a weight of 140 g.
The Socorro Parakeet(Psittacara brevipes) is a medium Parrot with the plumage bright dark green, with the crown, the forecrown and lores grass-green, the sides of neck slightly brighter, the head and the neck, sometimes with one or more scattered feathers of orange-red. The upperparts are green grass, slightly brighter in the area of the rump. Upperwing-coverts herb with bluish green in the outside greater coverts. Primaries and secondaries Green in the part superior with tint blue in them vane outer; olive Oliva-Amarillo down. Underwing-coverts green. Underparts grass-green. Above, the tail dark green, by down color yellowish olive.
The bill color horn; eye ring pale beige; irises orange yellow or orange; legs yellowish brown.
Gender-related differences are unknown although the immature has irises Brown color.
NOTE:
The Socorro Parakeet It is often considered a subspecies of the Green Parakeet. But, Howell and Webb They presented evidence that supports the separation of the species from the other subspecies of Aratinga holochlora. They found that the bill of the Socorro Parakeet is larger than, and noticed differences in the color of the skin of the eye ring, also has a Wing formula different, the tenth primary feather It is shorter than the seventh and Green Parakeet is the reverse. Both species also differ in the vocalization, calls of the Green Parakeet they are richer in harmonics that the of the Socorro Parakeet.
Most commonly observed in forests of species such as Bumelia socorrense, Guettarda insularis, Ilex socorroensis, with trees of at least 8 metres in height. Usually, above 500 m (especially on the South side of Socorro island), because in most of the rest of its distribution area, in the lower elevations, It has lost its vegetation preferred because of the sheep pasture.
Registered at low altitudes, 4 m, where the native forest (in canyons), near the sea level, especially in tall trees of Croton masonii, Conocarpus erecta and Ficus.
Usually, in flocks of up to 40 birds, rarely come to the 100 specimens. They gather in numerous flocks on the branches of the guayabillo, in smaller flocks (until 6) or only in pairs during the breeding season.
Son social, even there is care collective nests, They show strong fidelity to nesting sites, based on observations of re-use of nests.
Reproduction:
They nest in tree cavities, especially of the species Bumelia socorrense. the size of the clutch It is unknown, but the breeding It is thought that it can begin in the month of November. The young are altricial.
They aim to feed in the tips of the trees or the highest branches, Although also has observed them are home on the floor
Distribution:
Endemic, It is only in the Socorro island in the The Revillagigedo Islands archipelago off the West coast of Mexico. Estimated population in 400-500 birds in 1992 (approximately nine birds per km² of suitable habitat). considered common, but recent decreasepossible n due to loss of preferred habitat (still present in about 22% of the island) and the resulting erosion of the sheep that graze in excess. Predation by feral cats can also be a threat.
Conservation:
State of conservation ⓘ
Endangered ⓘ(UICN)ⓘ
• Red List category of the UICN current: In danger of extinction
• Population trend: Decreasing
Threatened in the Mexican official standard NOM- 059-ECOL-2001, but in Danger of extinction in the NOM-O59-SEMARNAT-2006 that is not yet published. CITES Appendix II
The Socorro Parakeet (in danger of extinction; It is only in the Socorro island and this species the habitat destruction threatens, as well as the introduction of cats, sheep and rodents.
Estimated population in 400-500 birds in 1992.
"Socorro Parakeet" in captivity:
The species, unlike most continental psittacines, does not face problems of extracting pups for the pet market.
Alternative names:
– Socorro Parakeet, Green Parakeet (Socorro), Socorro Conure (English).
– Conure de Socorro, Perruche de Socorro (French).
– Socorrosittich, Socorro-Grünsittich (German).
– Periquito-de-socorro (Portuguese).
– Aratinga de Socorro, Perico de Socorro, Perico mexicano (español).
– Perico de Socorro (Mexico).
Origin: Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua
Character: shy
Life expectancy: 35 to 40 years.
Height: 28 cm..
Content
Description:
28 cm.. length and 130 g. of weight.
The Red-throated Parakeet(Psittacara rubritorquis) they have a plumage, in general, green, with yellow tones in the underparts; orange-red in the throat and on the front of the neck, with yellow-orange feathers scattered; variety of pens of color red orange scattered in the part low of them cheeks and both sides of the neck; blue tint on primary coverts and vane outer of the flight feather; underwing-coverts brighter yellowish green; below, the flight feather yellow color without brightness.
The bill color horn. Bare area of the eye ring grayish brown. The irises orange.
The male and female are similar.
The immature with the throat red, absent in the cheeks and both sides of the neck. The irises brown.
The Red-throated Parakeet is located in altitudes that range between the 600 and 1.800 m, in a variety of wooded areas, Save the rainforest.
They can be observed in humid forests, Open with weeds and growing areas areas in Guatemala; forests of Pinus sp in Nicaragua.
Is in flocks outside the breeding season, and couples during courtship and nesting season. Larger congregations are produced when food is abundant.
Reproduction:
The nesting takes place in tree cavities, cracks in rocks, holes from woodpeckers, holes in buildings or in tree termite mounds.
The breeding season is between the months of January and August and the laying tends to be of 3-4 eggs.
Food:
With feeds seed, nuts, berries and fruits. It can also feed on cultivated seeds and corn..
Sometimes, considered a pest to crops.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 139.000 km2
Distributed by the Eastern Highlands of Guatemala and El Salvador (apparently only a record) to the South by Honduras to the North of Nicaragua.
Conservation:
State of conservation ⓘ
Minor Concern ⓘ(UICN)ⓘ
• Red List category of the UICN current: Least concern
• Population trend: Stable
The size of the world population It has not been quantified, but this species is described as “quite common” (Stotz et to the. 1996).
The population of Red-throated Parakeet suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence of any reduction or substantial threats.
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Photos:
(1) – Red-throated Parakeet (Aratinga rubritorquis) also called Red-throated Conure at Macaw Mountain Bird Park and Nature Reserve, Copan, Honduras By Lauri Väin [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – A Red-throated Parakeet (also called Red-throated Conure) at Macaw Mountain Bird Park, Copan Ruinas, Honduras By Sarah and Jason (originally posted to Flickr as IMG_6987) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Two Red-throated Parakeets at Kakegawa Kacho-en, Kakegawa, Shizuoka, Japan By Takashi Hososhima from Tokyo, Japan (Green with envyUploaded by snowmanradio) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Psittacara rubritorquis by Psittaciformes .NL – pinterest
(5) – Psittacara rubritorquis by Bellas Aves de El Salvador
(6) – Conurus rubritorquis by Joseph Smit [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
The Crimson-fronted Parakeet(Psittacara finschi) It is the only species of the genus Psittacara tail long with red color below the wing
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They have forecrown and the former area of the lores bright red; the head and the neck green color with the exception of some scattered red feathers. The upperparts and upperwing-coverts green, with some red feathers on the bend of wing. The flight feather green above, more dark towards the tips with a dye bluish light in them vane inner; then golden brown color. Lesser and medium underwing-coverts red, the largest yellow, other coverts pale green. The underparts pale green, sometimes with red at the bottom of the tibia. Upper, the tail grass-green, by down golden brown.
The irises is orange and the eye ring naked is whitish. The bill exhibits a color gray-tipped Horn and the legs off gray color.
It has no sexual dimorphism.
The immature There are very little or almost no red in the forecrown and lack of red color in the thigh or the neck. The lining of the wings is more Orange.
They inhabit tropical and subtropical envelope 1.400 metres in Costa Rica and 1.600 meters in the West of Panama, in areas with light trees or in fields with scattered trees, in secondary growth forests, edges of the forest, coffee plantations and nearby farmland. Irregular or seasonal in large forested areas.
They are birds gregarious, usually observed in flocks of up to 30 Member, but up to several hundred birds can gather in roosts communal on the tops of the trees or palms. Roosts, at times near the cities.
Reproduction:
They located their nest in holes of various types: natural cavities, old holes of woodpeckers (F. Picidae), stumps of dead Palms. They can dig holes in rotten stumps or in masses of epiphytes.. Sometimes many couples may nest near each other.
The union of the pair of this species is particularly strong. The pairs isolate themselves from the group towards the end of July to nest.. With reproduce during the dry season and the rainy early. The female lays three or four eggs which are incubated during approximately 24 days. The juveniles they leave the nest to the 50 days of life.
Widely distributed in the South of Central America, from Nicaragua until Panama.
The species can be found in the southeast of Nicaragua to the South of the Rio Grande, and in Costa Rica mainly on the slope of the Caribbean, Although there are exemplary residents on the side of the peaceful, on Osa Peninsula, at the South-West end and seasonal visitors in the Guanacaste Cordillera, in the North and the central plateau around San Jose.
In Panama they come to the East, a unos 82°W, but it is probable that only seasonally in the lower Highlands of the Province of chiriqui.
Flocks of birds required extensive territories and the species occurs, apparently, in many areas, if only as a post-breeding visitor.
Very common or locally common with increasing numbers in Costa Rica and Panama, probably due to deforestation.
Maintained in captivity and internationally traded in small quantities.
Conservation:
State of conservation ⓘ
Minor Concern ⓘ(UICN)ⓘ
• Red List category of the UICN current: Least concern
• Population trend: Growing
The size of the world population of the Crimson-fronted Parakeet It has not been quantified, but this species is described as “quite common“.
You can be increasing their geographical range due to deforestation.
abundant on the slope of the Caribbean of Nicaragua. common and widespread in areas deforested over the slope of the Costa Rica Caribbean.
"Crimson-fronted Parakeet" in captivity:
Quite common in United States, less elsewhere.
Socialize easily with human, and can become a committed and loving companion. Es a Intelligent and lively, with easy to imitate the human voice and run different games and exercises. But, We must remember that it is a bird loud and the volume of their calls can get to be very annoying.
Alternative names:
– Crimson-fronted Parakeet, Crimson fronted Parakeet, Crimson-fronted Conure, Finsch’s Conure, Finsch’s Parakeet (English).
– Conure de Finsch, Perriche de Finsch, Perruche de Finsch (French).
– Veraguasittich (German).
– Aratinga-de-finsch (Portuguese).
– Aratinga de Finsch, Perico frentirrojo, Periquito de Pecho Rojo, Perico de Palmera (español).
– Perico frentirrojo (Costa Rica).
– Perico Frentirrojo (Nicaragua).
Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
Birdlife
Photos:
(1) – A Finsch’s Parakeet )also called Finsch’s Conure and Crimson-fronted Parakeet) in San José, Costa Rica By Dominic Sherony [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Perico frentirrojo juvenil, approximately 4 months of age, Panama City By Ricaurte (Own work) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Crimson-fronted Parakeet, also called Finsch’s Conure By Yazzieyazz (trabjo propioEnglish: own work) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Psittacara finschi en el parque nacional Henri Pittier, Venezuela By Roberto Galindo Deshays (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Crimson-fronted Parakeet Costa Rica 2/15/16 Rancho Naturalistaby Andy Reago & Chrissy McClarren – Flickr
(6) – Crimson-fronted Parakeet by Brian Ralphs – Flickr
(7) – Crimson-fronted Parakeet Costa Rica 2/15/16 Rancho Naturalista by Andy Reago & Chrissy McClarren – Flickr
(8) – Aratinga finschi 06 Apr 2014 Costa Rica, San Lorenzo by Tom Benson – Flickr
(9) – Crimson-fronted parakeet by Charles Sharp – Flickr
(10) – Conurus finschii » = Psittacara finschi (Finsch’s Parakeet) by John Gerrard Keulemans [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
The bill of the Cuban Parakeet(Psittacara euops) is strong and hooked, presenting the capacity of both the upper and the lower mobility, enabling this psittacine to husk and crush seeds, fruits and nuts discarded by many other birds, thus showing another successful feature of this Psittacara.
Their legs They have a magnificent prehensile capacity that allows them to take incredible poses and hold on to extreme places thanks to a disposition “zigodactilia” fingers taking two fingers forward, the 2 and 3, and two backwards, the 1 and 4.
Has the head, sides neck and nape green grass with some red feathers scattered, sometimes forming patches. The upperparts and upperwing-coverts grass-green; primaries and secondaries with margins and dark green tips to vane inner; carpal edge with scattered red feathers and bend of wing red. Underwing-coverts with golden brown in the flight feather, small and medium-sized coverts Red and large coverts Yellow olive. The underparts yellowish green with diffusion of color olive, sometimes with scattered red feathers, especially in the throat and/or the thighs. Upper, the tail dark green color with dye olive; by down yellowish brown. The bill color Horn; bare periophthalmic bluish white; irises yellow; legs distant.
The female has more orange in the wings.
Immature has green and red in underwing-coverts, beige color (not red) in carpal edge, irises Gray with scattered red feathers.
They inhabit on Savannah, especially in areas where there are the PalmasCopernicus and Thrinax, at the edges of forests and Lands planted with trees. Although they have also been very modified habitats, such as eucalyptus forests in open field and fragments of forests of Evergreen in sheets of Palma. The species survives only near large extensions of primary forest.
In general, observed in family groups or small flocks, but sometimes in larger groups, hundreds of birds; the Cuban Parakeet, often, mix with the more common and endemic Cuban Parrot (Amazona leucocephala).
Reproduction:
One of the major problems of this kind in the reproduction, It is competition and the finding by the nesting cavities; This psittacine is a small, so their physical advantage over other birds to displace these from cavities or nests is less and they must show greater aggressiveness to be able to expel woodpeckers and even some small birds of prey These cavities that already occupy.
But, in recent studies, It is suggested that in free-living this species has a high degree of selectivity by the height of the Palma in which anidated or for the depth of the nest, still not evident during the stage of formation of couples and nesting strong signs of gregariousness, But if there could be a tendency to prefer nests with a sufficiently narrow entrance opening to enter the couple and hamper the penetration of predators. It also seems that the species in reproduction is more tolerant of other neighboring couples of the same species, than others parrots, but to some degree of alienation, preferring Palmas in which there is only one cavity to have a certain degree of privacy in the rearing of their chicks.
The breeding season It begins in April and usually ends in July. They sometimes build their nests in cavities excavated, originally, by the Cuban Green Woodpecker (Xiphidiopicus percussus).
The number of eggs in the implementation It, in averaged, between three and five. The incubation both members of the couple is done, as well as feeding the young until they leave the nest. Once abandoned the nest, You can see to the immature flying with parents in small camps before the winter season, forming major sides joining them different families.
Formerly persecuted by provoking large damage to crops Orange, coffee and corn.
Distribution:
Species vulnerable to extinction, from an original distribution throughout Cuba and Isle of youth, isolated populations between Yes.
Formerly one of the most common endemic birds in Cuba and in the Isle of youth, old Isle of pines, but now is limited to various strongholds in remote areas of Cuba, including the Zapata Peninsula, the districts around Cienfuegos and the mountains around the city of Trinidad, to the extent Western Centre of the island, and Sierra Maestra at the end of this.
Resident but some seasonal movements (Perhaps altitude) supposedly by the decline of the birds of the mountains of Trinidadin the months of September and October.
Extinct in the Isle of youth from 1913, mainly due to the strong capture for export as bird cage.
The current population, Although comparatively small, Perhaps stable. A small number of captivity out of Cuba, especially in Eastern Europe. The international trade currently it is small.
Today this species is restricted to 16 populations considering that a total of 2800 individuals released, with a number of individuals per population not exceeding, usually, the 100 copies and is considered of greater size the located in the Zapata Swamp live in where is estimated around 800 these birds. Each of these populations are isolated or insulated semi between if, not exceeding groups or sides that make it up, the 30 individuals, with a general tendency to the disappearance of the species in many of the populations, mainly due to the loss of Habitat and illegal catches.
Conservation:
State of conservation ⓘ
Vulnerable ⓘ(UICN)ⓘ
• Red List category of the UICN current: Vulnerable
• Population trend: Decreasing
There are no new data on the evolution of the population of the Cuban Parakeet; But, the species is suspected of have been declining at a moderate pace, mainly as a result of the habitat degradation.
Rounded, a population estimated between 1,500-7,000 mature individuals.
The persecution as a pest of crops, loss of habitat and, in particular, the capture for trade bird cage, They explain the current shortage of copies of Cuban Parakeet (A. Kirkconnell in litt., 2007).
The capture for trade International is now insignificant, with only 10 birds recorded in trade between 1991 and 1995. Another major threat is the loss of nesting trees (Snyder et to the., 2000) as a result of hurricane damage (as the caused in the Zapata Peninsula by the Hurricane Lili in 1996), and the felling of trees for chicks of the Cuban Parrot (Amazona leucocephala) (A. Mitchell in litt., 1998).
Conservation Actions Underway
• Appendix II of CITES.
• Is legally protected.
• They are distributed within the seven environmental reserves, including the important Ciénaga de Zapata National Park (Snyder et to the., 2000).
• A study of the species and an intense public awareness campaign are intended to help establish a management programme effective (Wiley, 1998).
• The programs of ecotourism they have begun in some areas (Snyder et to the., 2000).
• A provision scheme has been started for nest boxes, the plastic boxes are more durable than the facts of sections of the trunk of the Palm (Waugh 2006), but the parakeets prefer those made of natural materials (Anon., 2010).
• A program of reintroduction from the main island of Cuba to the Isle of youth is being developed from the 2004, but the species is generally difficult to breed (parrots 2000-2004; avianweb.com).
Conservation Actions Proposed
• Carry out more Research to determine the ecological requirements of the species and population (Wiley 1998, Snyder et to the., 2000).
• Conserve additional habitat, especially in the areas of nesting (Snyder et to the., 2000).
• Adapt the environmental awareness and protection of nests in situ to local situations (Snyder et to the., 2000).
• Continue a plan for the re-establishment of the species in the Isle of youth (Wiley 1998, Snyder et to the., 2000) through the development and extension of the programme of captive breeding.
"Cuban Parakeet" in captivity:
In captivity, they are very sleepers and somewhat quarrelsome and restless, needing always to be monitored. Non-communicative the issuance of words but very friendly with the person you choose as partner, which will not get rid of some sympathetic evil, almost always tolerated and even grateful.
Sensitive to the changing conditions of the ecosystem that inhabits.
The requirements and difficulties in the reproduction of this species are considerable.
Own this nice bird as pet, Although on the one hand it can be a satisfaction to the owner, on the other hand means to convict individuals of this species not reproduction and populations to lead them to the risk of the extinction.
Alternative names:
– Cuban Parakeet, Cuban Conure, Cuban Paroquet, Red-speckled Conure (English).
– Conure de Cuba, Perriche de Cuba, Perruche de Cuba (French).
– Kubasittich (German).
– Periquito-cubano (Portuguese).
– Aratinga Cubana, Perico, Periquito, Periquito Cubano (español).
– Catey, Perico, Periquito (Cuba).
(1) – Psittacara euops – Cuban parakeet by Ekaterina Chernetsova (Papchinskaya) – Flickr
(2) – Psittacara euops – Cuban parakeet by Ekaterina Chernetsova (Papchinskaya) – Flickr
(3) – Cuban Parakeet, Conure De Cuba, or Aratinga Cubana (Aratinga euops). Two parrots in a tree By dominic sherony (originally posted to Flickr as Cuban Parakeet) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Cuban Parakeets are a rare sight in Cuba, the only place they live in the world by Hank Davis, DNS Board Member – Delaware nature society
(5) – For the Caribbean Conservation Trust in conjunction with the Massachusets Audubon Society – Winged spur imaging
(6) – Deutsch: Psittacara euops Syn: Evopsitta euops & Psittacara chloropterus Syn: Psittacara chloropter bzw. Psittacara euops St. Domingue By Charles Emile Blanchard (1819–1900) (biodiversitylibrary.org) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
The Hispaniolan Parakeet(Psittacara chloropterus) has the head whole and both sides of the neck green grass with some scattered red feathers; the upperparts and upperwing-coverts Green with external ends of the Middle coverts red. Primary and secondary dark green with bluish-green tips on margins vane inner. The underwing-coverts yellowish brown in the flight feather, more grayish towards the tip; coverts Green except smaller and medium-sized external coverts, they are red and the primarys which are green and Red.
The underparts brighter yellowish green, usually with scattered red feathers.
Upper, the tail dark green and below, grayish brown.
The bill color horn; bare periophthalmic whitish: irises yellowish; legs grayish brown.
Both sexes similar.
The immature has less red and more green in underwing-coverts, No red on the upper surface of the bend of wing and grey at the base of the bill and on the cutting edge.
This species covers all types of natural habitats from arid lowland forests, to sheets of palmas, but obviously prefers upland forest (including the dominated by Pinus), to 3.000 meters above sea level, scarce, Perhaps because of the persecution, in the adjacent cultivated areas.
In general, observed in pairs or in small flocks, but sometimes in meetings of more than one hundred, at least in the past, When were most abundant. Discernible couples even within large flocks.
Reproduction:
They build their nests in tree cavities, including old holes made by woodpeckers, as well as in arboreal termite mounds.
The laying compose it between 3 and 5 eggs, exceptionally 7.
Food:
There are few details about the diet of the Hispaniolan Parakeet, but it is apparently similar to the fellow and and depends on local availability of fruits, seeds, nuts, outbreaks, flowers and beads; Some reported foods include Ficus figs and corn.
Distribution:
confined in Haiti and Dominican Republic, la Española, Greater Antilles. Previously in the Mona Island (Psittacara chloropterus maugei), extinct between 1892 and 1901, probably as a result of the pressure due to the hunting and, possibly, the perturbations by the explosions in the guano mine; possibly, also distributed in Puerto Rico, and its, probably, at the end of the century 19, due to loss of habitat and hunting.
In Hispaniola It is subject to a significant and continuous decrease, due to destruction of habitat, trade and persecution, especially in Haiti, where possibly is extinct.
In Dominican Republic still distributed in a few upland areas, for example, Cordillera Central.
Possibly small wild populations in Puerto Rico and Florida. A small number in captivity; the international trade small volume, probably, keep going.
(Souance, 1856) – Formerly distributed by the Mona Island and, possibly, Puerto Rico, but the last recorded specimen was in 1892. Currently extinct.
Conservation:
State of conservation ⓘ
Vulnerable ⓘ(UICN)ⓘ
• Red List category of the UICN current: Vulnerable
• Population trend: Decreasing
There is no new data on the evolution of the population; But, the species is suspected that it may be in decline, slow to moderate due to the hunting, capture and habitat loss.
Habitat loss and persecution as crop pest they are the greatest threats to this species. Is exploited for the local and international trade, Although only reported 12 individuals for international trade between 1991 and 1995 (Snyder et to the., 2000).
The number of copies of Hispaniolan Parakeet ranges between 1500 and 7000.
Conservation Actions Underway
• Appendix II of CITES.
• In the Dominican Republic, is legally protected against the hunt, but this legislation is not applied properly (Snyder et to the., 2000).
• A education strategy with community participation has been launched for the protection of this species (Vasquez et to the., 1995).
• Las interactions between this species and the Olive-throated Parakeet (Eupsittula nana), due to the recent increase in the number of the latter in the Sierra de Bahoruco [S. Latta in litt., 1998] ), they are being investigated (Anon. 2007).
• A group of volunteers for the protection of the parrot will work reforming the damaged nests. (Anon. 2007)
Conservation Actions Proposed.
• Clarify the status of the species in Haiti.
• Study ecology and reproductive success to determine the natural limiting factors.
• Comply with current legislation in the Dominican Republic.
The Hispaniolan Parakeet in captivity:
Rare in captivity and legally protected in Dominican Republic against the hunt and capture.
Alternative names:
– Hispaniolan Parakeet, Haitian Paroquet, Hispaniolan Conure, San Domingo Conure (inglés).
– Conure maîtresse, Perruche maîtresse (francés).
– Haitisittich (alemán).
– Periquito-de-hispaniola (portugués).
– Aratinga de la Española, Perico , Periquito Antillano, Periquito de la Española (español).
– Perico, Xaxavi (República Dominicana).
Avibase
Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
Birdlife
Photos:
(1) – Haitisittich Psittacara chloropterus Aufnahme in La Romana By Martingloor (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Haitisittich Psittacara chloropterus By Martingloor (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Haitisittich Psittacara chloropterus Aufnahme in La Romana By Martingloor (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Perico de la Hispaniola / Aratinga chloroptera by Carlos De Soto Molinari – Flickr
(5) – Perico de la Hispaniola / Aratinga chloroptera by Carlos De Soto Molinari – Flickr
(6) – Evopsitta maugei. Illustrations from Iconographie des perroquets non figurs dans les publications de Levaillante et de M. Bourjot Evopsitta maugei = Aratinga chloroptera maugei == Psittacara chloropterus maugei By 48 hand-coloured lithographic plates by E. Blanchard and J. Daverne (pl. I-XV) or Juliot of Tours (XVI-XLVII, 79). [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – Psittacara euops Syn: Evopsitta euops & Psittacara chloropterus Syn: Psittacara chloropter bzw. Psittacara euops St. Domingue By Charles Emile Blanchard (1819–1900) (biodiversitylibrary.org) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
Of 32 cm. length and a weight between 140 and 170 g..
The White-eyed Parakeet(Psittacara leucophthalmus) has the head dark green with small scattered red feathers, especially in the area of the lores, cheeks, sides neck and throat. The head and nape Some birds are almost entirely green, others have solid red spots in the cheeks, with numerous scattered red feathers elsewhere.
The upperparts are dark green, with one or two scattered red feathers. Upper, the wings dark green, with a little red in the curve; undertail, with golden brown flight feathers, the outer red and green small coverts inner; Yellow large coverts external and green internal.
The underparts Green with scattered red feathers on the throat and the chest, sometimes forming irregular patches. Upper, the tail dark green; Brown down.
The bill hooked is color Horn and its gray tip; bare periophthalmic grayish white; irises yellow-orange; legs grey.
The plumage of the male and the female, they are identical.
The immature they have more muted colors; some feathers Red in the head, No red in the bend of wing and olive in the underwing-coverts outermost.
(Salvadori, 1891) – They have head, neck and throat, green grass dark with small feathers red color above the cheeks. The the mantle, the wing-coverts, the tail and primary feathers of the tail are dark green. The lower part of the chest and flanks of the body are green clear. The feathers largest of the wings and secondaries are dark green with a grey reflection at the ends. Smaller feathers of the wings and the area of the wing curvature are bright red; small coverts feathers are red; the feathers of the greater coverts are yellow. The top of the large feathers of the tail are dark green, the underparts is olive green.
The eyes are black with the irises orange-brown. The bare periophthalmic is grayish white. Bill color horn, the sides and the tip of the upper part are dark gray. Legs brownish grey, black nails.
On average largest the species nominal with the bill more robust. Birds in the West have a green dark.
The White-eyed Parakeet It is in a great range of forest habitats and forests, mainly in lowlands, even if they manage to reach altitudes of 1.700 meters in the Ecuador and 2.500 meters in Bolivia.
In the Amazon, they are in tropical rainforests, mostly along the rivers (including the forests and marshes), in scattered areas of woodland and in land grown in wetlands, mangroves, sheets and the forests of Palms in the Guianas, chaco types of forests in the South of its range, gallery forests and alluvial forests in Bolivia.
The White-eyed Parakeet they are highly gregarious, they form flocks, usually, hundreds of birds (usually up to 90), covering large expanses between the roosts and feeding areas.
In the Amazon, in general, birds travel along the banks of rivers, crossing also large tracts of forest to reach the meanders and hidden Marsh.
They form large community groups to sleep in trees, sugar cane fields and caves.
The nest It consists of a natural cavity in a tree, often a palma, but also in limestone caves in Mato Grosso, Brazil. The female usually deposits there 3 white eggs, What incubates alone during 24 or 25 days. During this time, It is fed by the male. At birth the chicks are completely naked, a gray marker appears at the end of the first week. Son fed by parents for approximately 6 weeks, those that leave the nest and get together with the family group. are still dependent parents during 2 to 3 months.
The breeding season It has been reported in the months of November-December, in Argentina; July-August, in the East of Peru; From January to April, Mato Grosso; in Guianas during the month of February.
Food:
The diet of this species depends on the habitat, including a variety of dried fruits, seeds, fruit, berries, flowers and insects.
Size of its range (reproduction / resident): 13200000 km2
The White-eyed Parakeet are widespread in much of the North of South America, to the East of the Andes, to the North of Argentina.
Are distributed from the West of the Guianas (absent from Guyana), through Venezuela, from Anzoátegui and Monagas through the Delta Amacuro, until Bolívar and amazon, and up to the Colombian Amazon, to the North of the Department of the Goal. They live in much of Ecuador and Peru.
Extend through the entire interior of Brazil and possibly reach the coast of São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul (absent in the arid zones of the Northeast, mountainous areas of the northern basin of the amazon in Brazil and Venezuela, and the basin of the Black river in Brazil and Colombia).
Are also distributed to the East of Bolivia through Paraguay until Argentina, to the South of Santa Fe and Between rivers (possibly in the North of Buenos Aires), including Tucumán and Catamarca (There are no recent reports in Catamarca or Santa Fe, While reports of Santiago del Estero, Córdoba and San Luis they are probably incorrect).
Narosky and Di Giacomo (1993) they consider that the population in the city of Buenos Aires and its surroundings possibly originated from specimens escaped from captivity, i.e. released or escaped pet, owners or traffickers of fauna.
Observed in the highest parts of Uruguay.
In general resident, Although some seasonal movements seem to occur in some areas. The most numerous in the center of the range, the least, at the edges. Locally abundant in the Amazon central and Mato Grosso, Brazil, as well as in the east of Peru. common in Colombia. Quite common in the forests of the coast of Suriname and in the gallery forests of Santa Cruz in Bolivia. Unevenly distributed in the North of Bolivia, where it is described as common to rare. common in Argentina, especially in the North.
The Aratinga Ojiblanca It adapts easily to the degradation and urban areas, long as no sources of food and nesting places (ceilings and other cavities) and this occurs in several cities.
Large captive population with high volume of international trade, in particular from Argentina, where the species, Perhaps, is being threatened due to the capture.
Subspecies distribution:
Psittacara leucophthalmus callogenys
(Salvadori, 1891) – It is from Ecuador, Northeast of Peru and Northwest of Brazil.
(Meyer de Schauensee, 1946) – Its validity is based on a single specimen found in an area around Guaicaramo in the guavio river, Department of the Goal, Colombia.
Conservation:
• Red List category of the UICN current: Least concern
• Population trend: Decreasing
The size of the world population White-eyed Parakeet It has not been quantified, but this species is described as “common” (Stotz et to the., 1996).
The species has undergone intense trade: from 1981, When it was included in the Appendix II, 60.207 individuals have been captured in the wild, registered for the international trade (UNEP-WCMC trade database CITES, January 2005).
"White-eyed Parakeet" in captivity:
The White-eyed Parakeet they are among the best talkers within the family Aratinga. Well socialized they can become a good companions. Rarely are destructive and usually they are not pijas, they often take the choice to imitate human speech in place. Personality always varies from bird to bird, but they are generally known to be very playful and curious.
Imported birds are, mostly, shy and take time to gain confidence with their caregiver.
Alternative names:
– White-eyed Parakeet, White-eyed Conure, Green Conure, White eyed Parakeet (English).
– Conure pavouane, Perriche pavouane, Perruche pavouane (French).
– Pavuasittich (German).
– Aratinga-de-bando, araguaí, araguari, aratinga, arauá-i, aruaí, guira-juba, maracanã, maracanã-malhada, maricatã, periquitão-maracanã (Portuguese).
– Aratinga Ojiblanca, Calacante ala roja, Calancate Ala Roja, Loro Barranquero, Loro de ala roja, Loro Maracaná, Maracaná ala roja, Perico Ojiblanco, Periquito Verde (español).
– Calacante ala roja, Calancate Ala Roja, Loro de ala roja (Argentina).
– Loro ojiblanco, Perico Ojiblanco (Colombia).
– Cotorra de Ojo Blanco (Peru).
– Maracaná ala roja (Paraguay).
– Loro Barranquero, Loro Maracaná (Uruguay).
– Perico Ojo Blanco (Venezuela).
Avibase
Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
Birdlife
Photos:
(1) – White-eyed Parakeet (also known as the White-eyed Conure) in Piraju, Sao Paulo, Brazil By Dario Sanches [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – White-eyed Parakeet at the aviary at the Mayaguez Zoo in Mayaguez, Puerto Rico By Kati Fleming (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – A White-eyed Parakeet in Reserva Guainumbi, Sao Luis do Paraitinga, Sao Paulo, Brazil By Dario Sanches from Sao Paulo, Brazil [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Barao do Rio Branco square, Serra Negra-SP By Dario Sanches [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – White-eyed Parakeet (also known as White-eyed Conure) in Goiania, Goiás, Brazil By Wagner Machado Carlos Lemes [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – White-eyed Conure (Aratinga leucophthalmus) – upper body, neck and face. In captivity in the Parrot’s Garden (Jardim dos Louros), in the Botanical Garden of Funchal, Madeira island, Portugal By jmaximo [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – White-eyed From The Crossley ID Guide Eastern Birds By Richard Crossley (Richard Crossley) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(8) – White-eyed Conure, also called White-eyed Parakeet, in Brazil By Dario Sanches [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(9) – Couple of white-eyed parakeets (Aratinga elucophthalma). Spotted in Sao Carlos, Brazil By Leoadec (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 or GFDL], via Wikimedia Commons
Of 31 to 38 cm.. length and a weight between 219 and 275 g.
The Mitred Parakeet(Psittacara mitratus) It has a reddish-brown forehead with a bright red fusion on the front of the crown; the lores and cheeks to the rear of the eyes, bright red; the sides of neck dark green with scattered red feathers. The upperparts from the back of the crown up to the uppertail-coverts, dark green with some scattered red feathers (especially in the nape).
Upperwing-coverts and flight feather, at the top, green, sometimes with one or two dark red feathers on the bend of wing; flight feather color marron-oliva below. Underwing-coverts opaque green. The underparts, dull, Green pale with dye olive, usually with scattered red marks, especially in the the thighs. Upper, the tail dark green with Brown tips; Brown down.
The bill off-white; bare periophthalmic creamy white; irises beige color; legs distant.
Both sexes similar.
The Immature with fewer red feathers on the head, in special, in the cheeks and Brown, not Orange, the irises.
(Arndt, 2006) – Front band Red that extends to the lores and Strait, e incomplete bare periophthalmic; upper zone of the cheeks and ear-coverts, green.
They usually inhabit in areas of dry subtropical vegetation, There are also records in temperate zones: montane deciduous forest, cloud forests drier, cultivated areas, hills covered with tall grass, areas populated with scattered trees and fields, as well as sheets of legumes dry grasslands with patches of forests of Prosopis.
Often can be seen near high and steep rock walls. Usually, at altitudes of 1.000 to 2.500 Metros in Argentina, Although there are records to 4.000 metres in the Peru. Rarely, or never, descends to the lowlands. Commonly seen in groups of 2 to 3 birds, but until 100 individuals outside the breeding period.
Reproduction:
They nest in cliffs or hollow trees. There has been a egg laying in Oran, Argentina. Probably the clutch is between 2 and 3 eggs.
Food:
It usually feeds in areas of Virgin forest, but also full of grain crops in populated areas. This and other parrots migrate to the Lerma Valley in the Northwest of Argentina for feeding of the berries in maturity during the month of October.
Distribution:
The Mitred Parakeet are distributed in the southwest of South America, from the South of Peru through the Center-West of Bolivia, to the North of Argentina. Observed in the great valleys of the center of the Peru, from Huanuco until Cuzco. Disintegrated in the valleys of the Eastern Andes in the Centre-West of Bolivia, where there are records in Peace, Santa Cruz, Cochabamba, Oruro, Padilla and South of Sucre, to the Northwest of Argentina in Jujuy, Salta, Tucumán and South of Catamarca, until La Rioja and Córdoba.
In general residents, Although some with seasonal movements in the North of Argentina and Bolivia.
Locally distributed within its range, Although most widespread in the South of Cochabamba, Bolivia. In Argentina, generally common, abundant in some locations (apparently more numerous in Catamarca and Salta), but perhaps decreasing.
Maintained in captivity and sold in large quantities at the international level (mainly from Bolivia) at the end of 1980.
Subspecies distribution:
Psittacara mitratus chlorogenys
(Arndt, 2006) – Its habitat ranges from the North and centre of Peru, in the Valley of the Utcubamba River and surrounding Highlands in amazon and North of Cajamarca, as well as in the eastern valleys of the Andes, in Huanuco and Junin..
• Red List category of the UICN current: Least concern
• Population trend: Stable
The size of the world population Mitred Parakeet It has not been quantified, but this species is described as “common” but irregular distribution (Stotz et to the., 1996).
The population suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence of any reduction or substantial threats, Although it has been the subject of intense trade: from 1981 When it was included in the Appendix II, 158,149 individuals were captured in the wild and reported in the international trade (UNEP-WCMC trade database CITES, January 2005).
"Mitred Parakeet" in captivity:
This bird is usually available in pet stores or breeders.
They are known to be very attached to their owners. Very playful, they can also become good conversadoras and are considered the more strong and lively group of Aratinga parrots. The Mitred Parakeet It is good for owners who want a large bird and is easy to care for and handle. Can entertain herself if you give it a lot of toys, but they also enjoy interacting and playing with his human flock.
Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
Birdlife
Photos:
(1) – A feral Mitred Parakeet in Fort Lauderdale, Florida By http://www.birdphotos.com (Own work) [CC BY 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Mitred Parakeet (Aratinga mitrata), Inka Trail to Machu Picchu, Peru By D. Gordon E. Robertson (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 or GFDL], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Mitred Parakeet by vil.sandi – Flickr
(4) – Mitred Parakeet (Psittacara mitrata) by Gregory “Slobirdr” Smith – Flickr
(5) – Member of an escaped flock roughly 35-50 strong in Sunnyvale, CA By Shravans14 (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – A pair of parakeets in the escaped flock in Sunnyvale, AU. This flock has been around for at least 20 years By Shravans14 (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – Wild parrot (Mitred Parakeet) in Redondo Beach. (Aratinga mitrata) by Ingrid Taylar – Flickr
(8) – A pet Mitred Parakeet (also known as the Mitred Conure) By Lee (originally posted to Flickr as Gaspar4) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(9) – A wild SoCal parrot (Mitred Parakeet) eating Bottlebrush in Redondo Beach. This bird is part of a local flock that frequents the neighborhood by Ingrid Taylar – Flickr
The Red-masked Parakeet(Psittacara erythrogenys) It is very similar to birds Scarlet-fronted Parakeet and to the Mitred Parakeet, but smaller and with more red area in the face, extending continuously up to the throat and nape.
Has the forecrown, crown, lores, the cheeks and the area around the eyes, bright red, generally forming a complete red mask to join to the chin (Sometimes the mask extends up to the throat). Since the nape up to the uppertail-coverts dark green, sometimes with scattered red feathers. The upperwing-coverts children with some feathers of red and the bend of wing red; remaining upperwing-coverts dark green, with dye Emerald to them vane outer the primary. The flight feather Brown Gold below; underwing-covertsminors, bright red, the greater coverts yellowish brown. The underparts brighter yellowish green, sometimes with mottled red and almost always with the the thighs red. Upper, the tail dark green; by below grayish brown.
The bill color pale horn; bare periophthalmic off-white; irises yellow; legs distant.
The Red-masked Parakeet It occupies a wide range of vegetation types, from arid zones to rainforests, Since the sea level to altitudes 2.500 m, Although its usual habitat is below of the 1.000 m, in humid forests, deciduous forests, areas of dry thorny scrub and arid with cactus; They also live in degraded forest, areas cultivated with scattered trees, and around the urban areas. They tend to prefer arid and semi-arid habitats, not avoiding moist forest habitats.
Outside the breeding season, is a bird gregarious; in general, observed in pairs or in groups of up to 12 individuals, forming groups of up to 200 birds in the places where their communal roosts are. Formerly registered flocks of thousands of birds in Guayaquil, Ecuador.
Often associated in mixed flocks with the Grey-cheeked Parakeet(Brotogeris pyrrhoptera) and also observed in mixed flocks with the Bronze winged Parrot(Pionus chalcopterus).
Reproduction Red-masked Parakeet:
Nests in holes of mature trees, for example of Ceiba trichistandra or Cochlospermun vitifolium, There are also records of nests in termite mounds, with a report in a nest on a cliff. The breeding season in the southwest of Ecuador recorded during the rainy season (January-March). The laying, between 2 and 4 eggs. The female the incubated eggs during 23 to 24 days. The pups they are born very little developed, blind and naked. They are fed with food previously digested by their mothers.
Food Aratinga of Guayaquil:
Few details exist about food preferences of the Red-masked Parakeet, Although seasonal movements from the more arid areas are probably related to food supply.
In Ecuador, the distribution of the Red-masked Parakeet is limited to the lowlands of the peaceful, Western slope of the Andes and valleys, Although it is apparently absent from the eastern slope; similar pattern in the Peru most Eastern records in the basin of the amazon (Valley of the Utcubamba River) to 77° 54’W.
The seasonal movements to and from the more arid areas, otherwise, residents.
Usually considered to be common (described as the most common parrot in various locations in the province of Gold, Ecuador), but numbers fluctuate widely in some locations due to irregular seasonal movements. In some areas there has been a very drastic decrease of copies, reflecting the combined effects of the loss of habitat and your capture for the trade in live birds, for example, in Guayas, Ecuador.
There are at least eight protected areas, of which seven are in Ecuador.
There are leaks in Spain; so also in EE. UU., with breeding populations in the California cities of San Diego, Los Angeles, San Gabriel, Sunnyvale and San Francisco, You can see them eating fruits of cultivated tropical plants, and nesting in Palm trees.
Maintained in captivity at the local level (where is the most common Parrot kept in captivity) and commercialized in large quantities at the international level, especially since Peru.
Conservation:
State of conservation ⓘ
Near Threatened ⓘ(UICN)ⓘ
• Red List category of the UICN current: Near-threatened
• Population trend: Decreasing
The size of the population This species has not been estimated officially, but, in the absence of sufficient data, It is suspected that it may be in around the 10.000 specimens, more or less equivalent to 6.700 mature individuals.
The population of the species is suspected that it may be subjected to a moderately rapid decrease, due to its capture for him pet trade together with the loss of habitat and fragmentation. Further research is required.
Conservation Actions Underway:
Appendix II of CITES.
Conservation Actions Proposed:
Carry out surveys to get an estimate of the population.
The current threat of trade research.
Enforcing trade restrictions.
Census of population and monitoring.
Monitor the rates of loss and fragmentation of habitat.
Study its ability to persist in altered and fragmented habitats.
The Red-masked Parakeet in captivity:
Shy and distrustful. Little common in captivity outside its area of distribution.
They may live until 25 years, Although the average tends to be between 10 and 15 years.
Their diet: fruit as, Apple, pear, orange, bananas, grenades, Kiwi, papaya, cactus fruits, they form a 30 percent of the diet. Vegetables, such as: Carrot, celery, green beans and peas in the pod, sweet corn on the cob, green leavess, such as: chard, lettuce , Kale, healer, Dandelion, Aviary grass, spray millet, mixture of small seeds, such as: Millet and small amounts of oats, buckwheat, safflower and hemp.
This species is found threatened from the wild bird trade local in Peru and Ecuador, where are rates of mortality due to mismanagement and stress high.
Never buy these birds in the illegal trade, Since these tend to come from its natural environment and it must be remembered that the Red-masked Parakeet is one endangered species.
Alternative names:
– Red-masked Parakeet, Red Masked Conure, Red masked Parakeet, Red-headed Conure, Red-headed Parakeet, Red-masked Conure (English).
– Conure à tête rouge, Conure à tête cerise, Conure à tête écarlate, Perriche à tête rouge, Perruche à tête rouge (French).
– Guayaquilsittich (German).
– Periquito-de-cabeça-vermelha (Portuguese).
– Aratinga de Guayaquil, Loro de cara roja, Periquito de Cabeza Roja, Perico Cara Roja (español).
– Loro de cara roja (Chile).
– Cotorra de Cabeza Roja (Peru).
– Perico caretirrojo (Ecuador).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Feather wind
– Photos:
(1) – A feral Red-masked Parakeet (also known as the Red-masked Conure and Cherry-headed Conure) in San Francisco, USA By Ingrid Taylar [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Red-masked parakeet, Aratinga erythrogenys. Two birds in a tree in San Francisco, California By Jef Poskanzer (Flickr) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Red-masked Parakeet (Psittacara erythrogenys) at the Presidio, San Francisco, California By Frank Schulenburg (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Red-masked parakeet (Aratinga erythrogenys). A juvenile parrot which is mostly green and just starting to get some red feathers on its head By Eliya Selhub (Flickr) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Red-masked Parakeet preening on a branch in San Francisco, USA By Ingrid Taylar from San Francisco Bay Area – California, USA [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Red-masked Conure at Birds of Eden, South Africa By Dick Daniels (http://carolinabirds.org /) (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 or GFDL], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – A feral Red-masked Parakeet (also known as the Red-masked Conure and Cherry-headed Conure) in San Francisco, USA By Ingrid Taylar [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(8) – Two feral Red-masked Parakeets in San Francisco, USA By Ingrid Taylar from San Francisco Bay Area – California, USA (Wild in SFUploaded by Snowmanradio) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(9) – Several Red-masked Parakeets eating a discarded apple in San Francisco, USA By Ingrid Taylar from San Francisco Bay Area – California, USA (A Big Find for ParrotsUploaded by Snowmanradio) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
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Endangered ⓘ (UICN)ⓘ
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