Origin: Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica
Character: Intelligent and inquisitive
Life expectancy: 30 to 45 years.
Height: 28 to 30 cm..
Content
Description "Loro Cabeciazul":
28 to 30 cm.. height and between 234 and 295g. weight.
The Blue-headed Parrot(Pionus menstruus) is distinguishable by having the head, neck and chest blue; Red in the rump and in the Base ventral of the tail (very visible on the fly), basis of the bill and neck dotted with pink.
Shoulder and end of the wing
olive green with yellow border, tail green with blue tip.
(Heine, 1884) – Blue head, the neck and darker throat; lower underparts washed with blue green color; coverts red infracaudales with blue ends.
Pionus menstruus rubrigularis
(Cabanis, 1881) – Smaller, head pale blue, neck more extensive and clear Red.
Habitat:
Species very common, lives in humid forests, semi-wet, from gallery, stubble, crop areas until the 1500 m.
Reproduction:
It feeds on various seeds, fruits and flowers.
Food:
It nests in hollows of trees and palms in dry season.
Loro distribution-headed:
They live in freedom from the South of Costa Rica, North of South America to the West of Ecuador. To the East of the Andes, comes to Peru, part of Brazil to the North of Bolivia.
(Cabanis, 1881) – Tropical North of Costa Rica to western Colombia and West of Ecuador.
Conservation-headed Parrot:
• Red List category of the UICN current: Least concern
• Population trend: Decreasing
The size of the world population of the Blue-headed Parrot It has not been quantified, but this species is described as «common» (Stotz et to the., 1996).
This species is suspected that it may lose 18,5-23% of habitat within its distribution over three generations (20 years) based on a deforestation model of the Amazon (Soares-Filho et to the., 2006, Bird et to the. 2011). So, they suspected that can decrease in <25% in three generations.
In captivity:
Pretty common in captivity. Intelligent, inquisitive although sometimes shy. Active by nature, they can become overweight if you don't have a wide space where exercise your flight. Mature birds usually match throughout his life with his partner, you will defend with aggression of any intruder.
Its diet in captivity is wide. fruits such as: Apple, pear, orange, banana, granada, cactus fruits, Kiwi, they form around the 30 percent of the diet; vegetables such as: Carrot, celery, green beans and peas in pods; fresh corn; Greens such as: chard, lettuce, Kale, dandelion, healer, chickweed; mixture of small seeds, such as: millet, birdseed, and small amounts of buckwheat, oats, safflower and hemp; soaked and sprouted sunflower; beans, cooked legumes and boiled corn.
Alternative names
– Blue-headed Parrot, Cobalt Parrot (English).
– Schwarzohrpapagei, Schwarzohr-Papagei (German).
– Cotorra Cabeciazul, Loro Cabeciazul, Loro de Cabeza Azul (español).
– Pione à tête bleue, Pionus à tête bleue (French).
– baitaca, curica, maitaca, maitaca-de-barriga-azulada, maitaca-de-cabeça-azul, sijá, Sôia, Suia (potugués).
– Pappagallo testablu (Italian).
Males and females of the Kuhl's Lorikeet(Vini kuhlii) they are identical in appearance. Adult birds have cheeks, the chest and the part forward of the belly bright red.
The upperparts the body has different shades of green with the exception of a few Feather erection of color blue dark in the neck.
Its tail is multicolored, the Central feathers are red and purple sides, with the Green terminal part.
A zone blue-violet in the belly around the the thighs. The bill and legs are orange, the tail is short.
The birds youth they have the underparts opaque red.
The natural habitat of the Kuhl's Lorikeet are the tropical humid forests. On the Islands desforestadas also is in coconut plantations. It is a nectarivorous that feeds sucking nectar with his rough tongue.
Reproduction:
Observed in the month of March, April and August. Nest in the trunks of coconut trees or FARA (Pandanus tectorius) dead or in cavities of hotu. Sometimes one or two rectangular holes mark the entrance of these nests. Only a litter has been found with two chicks.
Food:
Nectar and pollen from banana flowers (Musa sp.), Kapok (Ceiba pentandra), pacayers (Inga edulis), Mango (Mangifera indica), avocado (It persea americana), the coconut (Cocoa nuts), the Cordyline (fructicosa Cordyline) , the NASE (Barringtonia asiatica), the tafano (Guettarda speciosa), the Pomeroy (Syzygium jambos) and ATAE (Erythrina variegata).
The small seeds of purau (Hibiscus tiliaceus) and Aito (Casuarina equisetifolia). Axillary buds and young shoots of hotu, purau and falcata (Paraserianthes falcataria).
They lick the surface of the leaves of banana. Make sudden movements in the leaves of certain trees without flowers or fruit (including dead Palm trees), also tends to dig small holes – clearly too superficial to serve as a nest -, This we do think that also can be insectivores.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident) 510 km2
endemic to Rimatara in the Tubuai Islands, south-central Pacific (France), where the population is estimated at 905 birds. It has also been introduced in Kiribati including Teraina (Washington Island) and Tabueran (Fanning island), both before 1798, and Kiritimati (Isla Christmas), where six specimens were transferred in 1957.
Occasional appearances in the Thbuai island about Rimatara they are probably elopements pets.
Although the species is relatively common in Rimatara. the recent introduction of rats is cause for concern.
The population of Tabueran (c. 200 birds) It is also vulnerable because of predation of nests by rats.
In Teraina There are a few 1.000 birds and with no confirmed threat. It is possible that one or two individuals may still survive in Kiritimati. IN DANGER OF EXTINCTION.
Conservation:
• Current IUCN Red List category: Danger
• Population trend Decreasing
Although populations are believed to be stable in Rimatara and Teraina and grow in Atiu where it was recently introduced, invading predators are probably causing a decrease in Tabuaeran and Kiritimati, Therefore, the general trend is suspected to be a moderate and continuous descent is its population.
Excessive exploitation of its red feathers is the most likely reason for the extinction of the Kuhl's Lorikeet in the Islas Cook.
A serious threat to all hatchlings in the Pacific islands, It is the depredation caused by rats in the nests, especially on the part of the Black Rat (Rattus rattus). In Rimatara, There was a wide shot of black rats (Rattus rattus), to leave the island away from them in the year 2000. However the rats of the Pacific (R. exulans) they were still very abundant.
In Teraina, There is no evidence of the presence of the (R. Rattus), although the Pacific rat (R. exulans) is abundant, While in Tabuaeran and Mitiaro, still having black rats (R. Rattus). Cats can be a threat in Kiritimati. The common mine (Acridotheres tristis) It is a threat to the introduced population in Atiu, Since it competes for nesting sites and usually attacking young people Kuhl's Lorikeet.
Ongoing conservation actions:
Appendix II of CITES.
– In Kiribati, the species is fully protected.
– In the french polynesia the species is protected by national laws and regulations from 1996.
– In Rimatara It has been protected by a traditional tapu (taboo) from 1900.
– 27 birds were reintroduced in Atiu from Rimatara in May of the 2007, after which organized a community contest to find the first young birds, with a reward given to the winner.
– Monthly count of birds in Atiu carried out to evaluate the success of the effort of introduction.
– A control program of the common mine started in Atiu in May of 2009, including harassment and capture, with a bounty for each dead bird.
– For October of the 2009, the population of the birds Mine had been reduced by 60% and this program is permanent.
– In Rimatara, 21 bait stations were established in the main Pier in September of 2009 to prevent black rats invading the island and raising awareness is taking place among children about the importance of protecting the avifauna of the island.
"Kuhl's Lorikeet" in captivity:
It is not in captivity.
Due to its State, in danger of extinction, any specimen that can not be returned to their natural habitat (natural range) should preferably be placed in a well-managed breeding program to ensure the survival of the species.
Alternative names:
– Kuhl’s Lorikeet, Kuhl’s Lory, Kühl’s lory, Rimatara Lorikeet, Rimitara Lorikeet, Ruby Lorikeet, Scarlet-breasted Lorikeet (ingles).
– Lori de Kuhl (French).
– Rubinlori (German).
– Lóris-de-kuhl (Portuguese).
– Lori de Rimatara (español).
21 to 27 cm. length and a weight between 130 and 180 g..
The face of the Red-checked Parrot(Geoffroyus geoffroyi) is of color rojo-rosaceo up to just above the eyes, more pink in the ear-coverts; front of the crown of color rojo-rosaceo. Half of the crown to the nape mauve-blue. Upperparts green. Wings with patch red in them Middle coverts interiors.
Flight feathers with vane Dark internal and external Green. Edge of yellow to vane internal of greater coverts and secondaries. Wing feathers and axillary, bright blue; below, the rest of the wings, blackish. The underparts green, more yellowish in them lower flanks. Upper, the feathers of the tail of color green, drenched sides of yellow; below, brighter yellowish green.
The bill red orange in upper jaw, the lower jaw in color black; irises yellow; legs grey.
Female with head Brown and upper jaw black.
Youth they have the head green, irises dark and bill pale. The male juveniles go through a plumage «female stage» before they begin to acquire masculine characters (bird takes over one year to mature). The birds young also lack of the brand red on them small coverts.
(Müller, 1841) – The darker male in general that the nominal; purple blue crown comes to the part back from the neck; neck light blue; Marron-bronce washing variable on the mantle and top of the back; Green bluish in the part superior of the chest and zone inferior of the abdomen ; brown reddish of them coats internal of the wings absent; Blue more dark in them Underwing coverts. Larger in size.
The female with the head more dark that the nominal; purple diffusion in the crown; nape blue, reaching the neck with color blue light.
Geoffroyus geoffroyi obiensis
(Finsch, 1868) – Adults as the subspecies cyanicollis but collar Blue in the part back from the neck more comprehensive, reaching almost up to the eyes; blue-purple in the male or brown in the female does not reach the lower part of the occiput; reddish brown in the bottom of the back to rear.
Geoffroyus geoffroyi rhodops
(Schlegel), 1864) – Similar to the subspecies males floresianus, but darker in general; marks of the coats internal of the wings of color brown reddish dark; crown Blue separate with red in the face; Underwing coverts Blue more dark. Larger in size.
The female with the crown castano-oscuro color.
Geoffroyus geoffroyi explorator
(Hartert, 1901) – Synonymous with Geoffroyus geoffroyi rhodops
Geoffroyus geoffroyi keyensis
(Finsch, 1868) – The male resembles the subspecies floresianus, but in general more greenish-yellow, in particular in the tail; cheeks Pink and ear-coverts washed with Blue Lilac; Yellow greenish pale in the neck through the part back from the neck and a strip Green, darker, in the early part of the neck; Underwing coverts pale blue. Larger in size.
The female chestnut brown on the head.
Geoffroyus geoffroyi floresianus
(Salvadori, 1891) – The male is like the nominal, but darker in general; the purple blue of the crown It's darker and reached to the nape; coats internal of the wings dark reddish brown; Blue more dark them Underwing coverts. Larger in size. Largest peak. Female with the crown darker brown, coming up to the nape.
(Meyer, 1884) – The subspecies resemble adults Kei, but smaller.
Geoffroyus geoffroyi pucherani
(Souancé, 1856) – Adults and juveniles with bronze-colored marking of the parts internal of the wings, minimal or absent; the mantle have less marron-bronce washing; Brown more pale in the part low of it back; the buttocks with less red; coats dark blue low the wings.
Geoffroyus geoffroyi minor
(Neumann, 1922) – Male adults are as the subspecies aruensis, but with reddish brown under the back to rear; face darker red; washing Marron-bronce in the the mantle; brands in the coats internal of the wings minimal or absent.
The female as the subspecies aruensis, but with the head of brown slightly more dark.
Geoffroyus geoffroyi jobiensis
(Meyer, 1874) – Adults and juveniles but with Underwing coverts pale blue; bright red in the lower part of the back to the rear; in males, the red in the forecrown back to the front of the crown.
Geoffroyus geoffroyi mysoriensis
(Meyer, 1874) – Males as juveniles, but with the crown blue-purple, down on the back of the neck, and red in the face, coming up to the throat; washing marron-bronce absent in the the mantle; extensive reddish brown marks in inner median coverts; Underwing coverts dark blue; dark brown in the bottom of the back to rear.
The female as juveniles, but the color brown in the crown comes to the part back from the neck.
Geoffroyus geoffroyi orientalis
(Meyer, 1891) – Hardly differs from the subspecies aruensis; Crown of the male is slightly more pale.
Geoffroyus geoffroyi sudestiensis
(Estimate, 1890) – The adult male is similar to the subspecies aruensis, but with the underparts darker; the trademark brown reddish of them coats internal, absent.
The crown and nape of the female, is dark green.
Geoffroyus geoffroyi cyanicarpus
(Hartert, 1899) – The adult male is similar to the subspecies aruensis, but with azul-lila wash in them cheeks and ear-coverts; bend of wing has edge blue.
The female is as the subspecies aruensis, but the crown and nape They are brown, with light green dye; edge blue in the part outside of the wing
as in the male.
Geoffroyus geoffroyi aruensis
(Gray, 1858) – Similar to the species males nominal, but darker purple blue from the crown up to the nape; inner coverts a reddish brown marked darker; Blue more dark in them Underwing coverts.
The female Brown darker from the crown even the nape.
Geoffroyus geoffroyi maclennani
(W. D. K. Macgillivray, 1913) – The male is similar to the subspecies aruensis, but darker in general; the Red of the face is darker and more uniform; Underwing coverts paler blue. Female similar to the female of subspecies aruensis, but darker in general; head dark brown; Underwing coverts paler blue.
* The varieties sumbavensis and tjindanae proposed as subspecies are synonymous of floresianus; rhodops stresemanni; explorator It is also synonymous of rhodops.
Habitat:
Distributed by primary and secondary forests, tree savannas, plantations, Open forests, mangrove forests and farmland, a altitude of 1.400 m. Usually replaced by the Blue-collared Parrot at higher altitudes. Exclusive tropical jungle in the North of Australia. View the birds, generally, flying high above the trees, making calls to cries.
Groups of birds in the North of Australia, many still in family units, they have been observed leaving their roosts early, to feed into the dense jungle; in their flights to areas of foraging, We have seen some of these birds perched in the upper branches of the trees, by calling aloud for a few minutes and dithered wings before continuing. The reason for this unknown behavior can be a way of requesting food due to early maturation.
During the day the birds are less visible, they can draw attention by discarded food falling from their food trees.
They are usually in couples, in small groups or assembled in groups in fruit trees.
Reproduction:
The nest It is a hole that the birds excavate in a rotten limb of a tree from the forest, sometimes also in a knot in the trunk; probably only the female excavates. The entrance to the nest is of 80 to 90 mm. wide, and the tunnel, that it can twist in order to hide the eggs, You can have a length of 42 cm.. Includes the implementation of 2 to 4 eggs. The female alone incubates and is fed by the male during this time. In the West, the breeding season It takes place between April and September at least, month in which a live nest was found in Seram.
In New Guinea, the nesting is been registered during several months more, including February in the North and between the months of April to December in other places.
In Australia, in where the season seems to extend is from August to December, little information about the cycle reproductive is available.
It is known that the species It has never been raised successfully in captivity.
Food:
The diet It includes seeds, fruits and flowers. The birds tend to hang acrobaticamente to reach their food.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 793.000 km2
Generalized from the West of Lombok, through the Moluccas, the lowlands of New Guinea, and observed in the groups of associated Islands, to the East of Rossel in the Louisiade archipelago.
The species can also be observed in the northeast of the Cape York Peninsula, Australia, at its southern end, and North ranges up to Morotai in the North of the Moluccas. In many areas, throughout its distribution area, is the most abundant Parrot (rarer over the 800 meters above sea level), even around inhabited areas. Despite this, It may be extinct in Ambon.
The size of the world population It has not been quantified, Although it is estimated above 1.000.000 of copies. The species according to sources, is of common to abundant much of its area of distribution (pit et to the. 1997).
The population suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence of any reduction or substantial threats, Although you can that its population is affected by the capture in various parts of its area of distribution.
"Red-checked Parrot" in captivity:
Very rare or impossible to see in poultry.
Passive Parrot. Extremely susceptible to stress and disease; they may die suddenly without apparent reason. Few times you live long in captivity
Alternative names:
– Red-checked Parrot, Red cheeked Parrot, Red-cheeked Parrot (ingles).
– Perruche de Geoffroy, Eclectus de Geoffroy, Éclectus de Geoffroy (francés).
– Rotkopfpapagei (alemán).
– Papagaio de bochechas vermelhas (portugués).
– Lorito Carirrojo, Lorito de Mejillas Rojas (español).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Wikipedia
– Birdlife
– parrots.org
– Photos:
(1) – By Ron Knight (Flickr: Red-cheeked Parrot) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – By Nick Athanas/Tropical Birding – Birds-pet-wallpapers
(3) – A male perched in a tree by Josep del Hoyo – Lynx
(4) – A male and a female looking for a suitable nest by mehdhalaouate – Lynx
(5) – By markharper1 [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
The Red-bellied Parrot(Poicephalus rufiventris) has the crown, nape and lores brown ash, the cheeks sometimes with orange tips; ear-coverts slightly paler. Mantle and scapulars brown ash; the back blue-black; rump iridescent pale blue or bluish green. Upper, the wings slightly darker than the head and back: the primaries brown. Under, the feathers of orange wings; underside of feathers Light brown flight. Throat and the chest ash brown with orange tint; top of the chest orange; belly up to undertail- coverts pale green sometimes shows Orange-tinged feathers. Tail dark brown ash.
Bill, cere and orbital skin black; irises orange-red; legs black.
The female You have the upper chest grey, the pale green underside sometimes dyed orange. The head paler and grayer than male. Feathers of the wings greyish.
Immature, generally, similar to females, but the young males have orange feathers Wings below and can show brown marks on the chest.
Usually associated with semiarid vegetation, including areas of dry scrub and forest steppe Acacia Commiphora. It tends to avoid the dense foliage and, often it perches on dead branches.
In the south of the range, He prefers savannas Adansonia.
Where it is sympatric with the Meyer's Parrot (West range) the Red-bellied Parrot riparian forests and avoid living in the most open savannas.
In Ethiopia They can be observed in areas of savannah Acacia-Chrysopogon, up to 2,000m. altitude.
In Somalia They are subject to seasonal altitudinal movements in relation to the food supply, moving in altitude of about 2,000m from July to September in search of wild figs Ficus. Otherwise, generally below 1,400m.
Usually, seen in pairs or in family groups 3-4 birds; rarely in larger flocks.
Reproduction:
Nest in cavities within terrestrial termite mounds, between 2 and 3 meters above ground or 10 meters or more, in some dead tree.
The female incubates the eggs while the male goes in search of food, these eggs hatch after a few 28 days and start flying to the 60 days after hatching.
A female was recorded under breeding conditions during the month of March (Tanzania) and feeding immature in July and October. Registered one laying in the months of May and June Ethiopia; In Somalia, between January and May; also recorded half-grown chicks in January. In Somalia in colonial times, with individual couples baobab, between 100 and 200 meters away. The implementation is of 1 to 2 eggs.
They drink frequently and often they can be found near the water.
Due to the limited food that is in their respective regions, the Red-bellied Parrot They reach the fields and harvest crops eaten, so they are often hunted by farmers.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 1.540.000 km2
endemic to eastern Africa, from the North-East of Tanzania, eastern and northern Kenya, in the horn of africa in the southern and eastern Ethiopia (included Rift Valley) and western and northern zone Somalia.
Usually common within its range. Absent in the coastal lowlands, mainly sedentary with seasonal movements in some areas.
Distribution 2 subspecies:
Poicephalus rufiventris pallidus
(Someren, 1922) – It is found exclusively in eastern Ethiopia.
The Red-bellied Parrot It is included in the Appendix II according to CITES (The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) from 1981 and established as a lesser concern in the Red List of Threatened Species of the UICN since the population has fallen by more than 30% in the last 10 years. The Red-bellied Parrot it began exporting significant quantities primarily in Tanzania over the years 80. Years before it began to export to Great Britain in very small quantities.
"Red-bellied Parrot" in captivity:
In captivity is rare, although Spain Some important breeding centers have managed to bring them up without difficulty. This parrot can be purchased directly from a specialized breeding.
What pet They are very cheerful, Playful, Intelligent and affectionate, a generally peaceful nature.
They are not very noisy. He likes to climb and climb, great need to crack and it is always advisable a regular supply of fresh branches. They like to bathe.
With regard to its longevity, according to sources, a specimen lived 33,4 years in captivity.
Alternative names:
– Red-bellied Parrot, African Orange-bellied Parrot, Orange-bellied Parrot, Red bellied Parrot (English).
– Perroquet à ventre rouge (French).
– Rotbauch-Mohrenkopf (German).
– Papagaio-de-ventre-vermelho (Portuguese).
– Lorito de Vientre Rojo, Lorito Ventrirrojo, Loro Abisinio (español).
(1) – Red-bellied Parrot; a male juvenile pet parrot on a wooden perch stretching By Ruth Rogers [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Mature breeding pair of Red-Bellied Parrots (Poicephalus rufiventris) on a perch in a cage. Picture taken by user:Fruitwerks at home By Fruitwerks at English Wikipedia(Original text: User:Fruitwerks on en wiki) (Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons.) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – A adult male pet Red-bellied Parrot perching on a bright red perch. Photography: one SB-600, diffused, hand held to the left and below Joey, fired with CLS, on TTL with no Compensation. By Bram Cymet [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Red-bellied Parrot; a juvenile male pet parrot on a wooden perch. Shows back By Ruth Rogers [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – A Red-bellied Parrot at San Antonio Zoo, USA. In the male the abdomen is red-orange and in the female the abdomen is green, but the abdomen is not visible making it difficult to sex this parrot from the view shown By Zach Welty (originally posted to Flickr as Parrot 2) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
Of 31 to 38 cm.. length and a weight between 219 and 275 g.
The Mitred Parakeet(Psittacara mitratus) It has a reddish-brown forehead with a bright red fusion on the front of the crown; the lores and cheeks to the rear of the eyes, bright red; the sides of neck dark green with scattered red feathers. The upperparts from the back of the crown up to the uppertail-coverts, dark green with some scattered red feathers (especially in the nape).
Upperwing-coverts and flight feather, at the top, green, sometimes with one or two dark red feathers on the bend of wing; flight feather color marron-oliva below. Underwing-coverts opaque green. The underparts, dull, Green pale with dye olive, usually with scattered red marks, especially in the the thighs. Upper, the tail dark green with Brown tips; Brown down.
The bill off-white; bare periophthalmic creamy white; irises beige color; legs distant.
Both sexes similar.
The Immature with fewer red feathers on the head, in special, in the cheeks and Brown, not Orange, the irises.
(Arndt, 2006) – Front band Red that extends to the lores and Strait, e incomplete bare periophthalmic; upper zone of the cheeks and ear-coverts, green.
They usually inhabit in areas of dry subtropical vegetation, There are also records in temperate zones: montane deciduous forest, cloud forests drier, cultivated areas, hills covered with tall grass, areas populated with scattered trees and fields, as well as sheets of legumes dry grasslands with patches of forests of Prosopis.
Often can be seen near high and steep rock walls. Usually, at altitudes of 1.000 to 2.500 Metros in Argentina, Although there are records to 4.000 metres in the Peru. Rarely, or never, descends to the lowlands. Commonly seen in groups of 2 to 3 birds, but until 100 individuals outside the breeding period.
Reproduction:
They nest in cliffs or hollow trees. There has been a egg laying in Oran, Argentina. Probably the clutch is between 2 and 3 eggs.
Food:
It usually feeds in areas of Virgin forest, but also full of grain crops in populated areas. This and other parrots migrate to the Lerma Valley in the Northwest of Argentina for feeding of the berries in maturity during the month of October.
Distribution:
The Mitred Parakeet are distributed in the southwest of South America, from the South of Peru through the Center-West of Bolivia, to the North of Argentina. Observed in the great valleys of the center of the Peru, from Huanuco until Cuzco. Disintegrated in the valleys of the Eastern Andes in the Centre-West of Bolivia, where there are records in Peace, Santa Cruz, Cochabamba, Oruro, Padilla and South of Sucre, to the Northwest of Argentina in Jujuy, Salta, Tucumán and South of Catamarca, until La Rioja and Córdoba.
In general residents, Although some with seasonal movements in the North of Argentina and Bolivia.
Locally distributed within its range, Although most widespread in the South of Cochabamba, Bolivia. In Argentina, generally common, abundant in some locations (apparently more numerous in Catamarca and Salta), but perhaps decreasing.
Maintained in captivity and sold in large quantities at the international level (mainly from Bolivia) at the end of 1980.
Subspecies distribution:
Psittacara mitratus chlorogenys
(Arndt, 2006) – Its habitat ranges from the North and centre of Peru, in the Valley of the Utcubamba River and surrounding Highlands in amazon and North of Cajamarca, as well as in the eastern valleys of the Andes, in Huanuco and Junin..
• Red List category of the UICN current: Least concern
• Population trend: Stable
The size of the world population Mitred Parakeet It has not been quantified, but this species is described as «common» but of irregular distribution (Stotz et to the., 1996).
The population suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence of any reduction or substantial threats, Although it has been the subject of intense trade: from 1981 When it was included in the Appendix II, 158,149 individuals were captured in the wild and reported in the international trade (UNEP-WCMC trade database CITES, January 2005).
"Mitred Parakeet" in captivity:
This bird is usually available in pet stores or breeders.
They are known to be very attached to their owners. Very playful, they can also become good conversadoras and are considered the more strong and lively group of Aratinga parrots. The Mitred Parakeet It is good for owners who want a large bird and is easy to care for and handle. Can entertain herself if you give it a lot of toys, but they also enjoy interacting and playing with his human flock.
Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
Birdlife
Photos:
(1) – A feral Mitred Parakeet in Fort Lauderdale, Florida By http://www.birdphotos.com (Own work) [CC BY 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Mitred Parakeet (Aratinga mitrata), Inka Trail to Machu Picchu, Peru By D. Gordon E. Robertson (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 or GFDL], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Mitred Parakeet by vil.sandi – Flickr
(4) – Mitred Parakeet (Psittacara mitrata) by Gregory "Slobirdr" Smith – Flickr
(5) – Member of an escaped flock roughly 35-50 strong in Sunnyvale, CA By Shravans14 (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – A pair of parakeets in the escaped flock in Sunnyvale, AU. This flock has been around for at least 20 years By Shravans14 (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – Wild parrot (Mitred Parakeet) in Redondo Beach. (Aratinga mitrata) by Ingrid Taylar – Flickr
(8) – A pet Mitred Parakeet (also known as the Mitred Conure) By Lee (originally posted to Flickr as Gaspar4) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(9) – A wild SoCal parrot (Mitred Parakeet) eating Bottlebrush in Redondo Beach. This bird is part of a local flock that frequents the neighborhood by Ingrid Taylar – Flickr
The Austral Parakeet(Enicognathus ferrugineus), is mostly green; the lores and forecrown rather dull brick-red; the front of the crown with yellow and green feathers in the center, and edges dark green olive feathers central part of the crown.
The feathers of the upperparts They are olive green with darker edges, giving a scalloped effect. The upperwing-coverts They are olive color with dark margins. Flight feathers green with metallic blue suffusion. Underwing-coverts green with dark tips; bottom of the flight feather pale grey. The underparts They are mainly pale green olive, with darker margins (except in the the thighs) and a large opaque red spot on the central belly. In the long run tail It is dark red off above; pale grayish below. The upper jaw horn is dark colored with a black tip; the bottom is dark horn-colored; irises reddish brown; legs dark gray.
Both sexes are similar. The immature It has a duller red on the head and patch in the belly red less dense and less extensive.
The Austral Parakeet occurs mainly in forests, including forests of Nothofagus, Araucaria and Quercus, but also in more open habitats with shrubs Berberis darwinii and Drimys winteri, also they visit cultivated areas, mainly at sea level in the southern part of the range, may reach 1200 meters and even 2.000 meters north. Observed in flocks of 10-15 individuals, coming to meet more than 100 birds outside the breeding period; flocks of 10 or more in Fire land with reports of attacks caused by Red-backed Hawk (Geranoaetus polyosoma).
In April and before the arrival of winter flocks leave the mountains to take refuge in lower valleys of lower altitude.
Reproduction:
They nest in the cavity of the trees, filling very deep holes with twigs and branches where building nests are no cavities available. The breeding season It comprising the months of November to December. Clutch 4-8 eggs. To the 26 days the chicks are born, emplumándose to 7-8 weeks.
Food:
predominantly eat seeds (can cause damage to grain crops). Its diet includes herbaceous and bamboo seeds, Drimys winteri, acorns and nuts Araucaria, fruit, berries and sprouts p. Nothofagus and bulbous roots.
Distribution and status:
Extending its range (reproduction / residents): 2.010.000 km2
Distributed by the south end of South America, psittacine distribution is the southernmost in the world.
Usually residents, even in the extreme south, although the foothills move to raise (at least in Land of Fire) with some predictable local movements in the north. generally common, It is very abundant in the wooded coast Land of Fire. Large areas remain intact habitat and inhabiting several large protected areas.
Very rare in captivity.
Subspecies distribution:
Enicognathus ferrugineus ferrugineus
(Statius Müller, 1776) – Nominal. Aisén at the southern end of Chile and South of Chubut at the southern end of Argentina until Land of Fire.
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.
• Population trend: Stable.
• Population size : Unknown.
Justification of the Red List of the Category
This species has a very large range, and therefore does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the range size criterion. The trend population seems to be stable, and therefore the species does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable according to the population trend criterion. (> 30% decrease of more than ten years or three generations). The population size has not been quantified, but are not believed to approach the thresholds for Vulnerable based on population size criteria (<10.000 individuos maduros con una disminución continua estimada en> 10% in ten years or three generations, or in a particular population structure). For these reasons, the species is evaluated as Least concern.
Justification of the population
The world's population has not been quantified, but this species is described as ‘quite common‘ (Stotz et to the. (1996).
Justification trend
The population suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence of any reduction or substantial threats.
"Austral Parakeet" in captivity:
Very rare in captivity.
Chilean law prohibits the purchase, sale and possession of this magpie.
If you have a Austral Parakeet I recommend you give it to SAG or the Center for Rehabilitation of Wildlife of Codeff (rehabilita@codeff.cl, background: 777 25 34 – Santiago), because in that place you will come across many other parrots of the same species that suffered the same process, and specialized people who care very well, TO THEN RETURN THEM TO THEIR NATURAL HABITAT.
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Photos:
(1) – Austral Parakeet (also known as Austral Conure or Emerald Parakeet) in Torres del Paine National Park, Chile By Miguel Vieira [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Two Austral Parakeets in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina By Francesco Veronesi [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Austral Parakeet (Enicognathus ferrugineus) seen near Laguna Onelli, Glaciers National Park, Santa Cruz, Argentina By Fabienkhan (Personal Picture) [CC BY-SA 2.5], via Wikimedia Commons – credit : Fabien Dany – www.fabiendany.com
(4) – Cachañas in San Martin de los Andes, Province of Neuquen, Argentina By Ignsal (Own work) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – An Austral Parakeet in Magallanes Province, Chile By Paulo Fassina (Parrot EatingUploaded by Snowmanradio) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Austral Parakeet – Torres del Paine National Park, Chile by Eleanor Briccetti – Flickr
35,5 to 38,1 cm.. height and between 314 and 485g. weight.
The Red-lored Amazon(Amazona autumnalis) is distinguished by its red front; Green with edge lilac it nape ; crown lilac; stain red in the wing
, and tail blue margin.
The bill is grey with the upper jaw yellowish-horn. The irises his eye is orange. The legs are of color gray greenish. They do not possess sexual dimorphism, that is to say, there is no physical difference between the male and the female.
This amazon frequents a wide range of habitats wooded and open with trees, including rainforest, tropical deciduous forest, pine forests, mangroves, forest swamps, gallery woods, areas cultivated with trees high and plantations; also forest dry in the South of Ecuador.
The Red-lored Amazon move from the rainforest (breeding season) to a habitat more open in winter in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. The altitudes that inhabit range from sea level to the 320 metres in Oaxaca, 1.100 metres in Honduras, 800 metres in the Caribbean, 1.000 meters on the slopes of the peaceful of Costa Rica, and 1.000 metres in Colombia.
The birds tend to be in pairs or in flocks loose, being more gregarious When feed (occasionally macaws) and when resting. outside the breeding season, birds take refuge in tall trees in gallery forests or mangroves.
Reproduction:
They nest during the seasonal dry in hollow of trees (usually dead, for example, Tabebuia or Ceiba) or on the stump of a Palm tree. Birds in State reproductive in April, Oaxaca; February-March, Belice; March, Guatemala; January-February, Colombia. Reproduce between February-April, Panama; March-may, Belice and January-March, Ecuador. Clutch 3-4 eggs.
The incubation varies from 25 to 26 days. The chicks remain in the nest 70 days.
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 2.570.000 km2
The Red-lored Amazon It extends from the South of Mexico north of South America with a population disjunct in the amazon.
You can find in them lands low of the this of Mexico, in the South of Tamaulipas, in the East of San Luis Potosi, Puebla, Oaxaca, Chiapas, Tabasco, Campeche and Quintana Roo. Records from other parts of the country (for example, City of Mexico) probably you refer to leak.
You can see in Belice and in the lowlands of the Caribbean of Guatemala and Honduras (including Roatan and Guanaja in Bay islands and probably soon in Utila), until Nicaragua and Costa Rica, where they are present in humid areas of the tropics on both slopes (absent from the dry Northwest ), also in Panama and on the islands of Coiba and Escudo de Veraguas and in the Archipelago of pearls (absent from the driest areas of the Azuero Peninsula).
In the Northwest of Colombia appear on the Pacific slope of the Western Andes from the Panamanian border to the South up to the Serrania del Baudo and from the southwest of Cauca south to Ecuador in the Gulf of Guayaquil. Also it extends to the North of the Andes in Colombia to Magdalena Medio and to the East in the Northwest of Venezuela in Zulia (Sierra de Perija).
In the Northwestern basin of the brazilian amazon a disjunct population exists between Black river and Solimões River.
Usually resident with some local seasonal habitat preferences (for example, in Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico). Is usually the most common parrot and more numerous in some parts of the range (for example, in parts of Central America) but now is a species very rare to the West of them Andes in Ecuador and Colombia with a population of the subspecies Amazona autumnalis lilacina estimated in 400-600 specimens.
Population decreased drastically in the island of Roatan (Honduras) where he captured it is massively for export, and maybe missing in Utila for the same reason.
Capture combined with the loss of habitat also has caused declines in some other parts of its area of distribution (for example, east of Mexico and Ecuador). common in captivity in some areas, and marketed internationally.
Distribution 3 subspecies:
Amazona autumnalis autumnalis
(Linnaeus, 1758) – Nominal. Coast of the Caribbean from the East of Mexico South to North of Nicaragua.
(Salvadori, 1891) – North of Nicaragua south to Colombia and Venezuela.
Conservation:
State of conservation ⓘ
Minor Concern ⓘ(UICN)ⓘ
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.
• Population trend: Decreasing.
This species has a very large range and, Therefore, is not approaching the thresholds of Vulnerability at the discretion of the distribution area size.
The population size is very large and, therefore, not approaching the thresholds for vulnerable under the criterion of population size (<10.000 mature individuals with an estimated continuous decrease in> 10% in ten years or three generations or with a specific population structure). For these reasons, the species is evaluated as least concern.
Justification of trend
It is suspected that the population is in decline due to the continuous destruction of the habitat and to levels of exploitation unsustainable.
The Amazona lored in captivity:
Is of vital importance that the diet is complete and balanced in all directions, as this prevents, along with other factors, the appearance of bone problems or the known software that affects numerous parrots. To ensure the balance of this, prepared feed very well supply the nutritional needs of each animal, However, they should not miss plant, fruits and vegetables, as well as diversity of seeds that come in mixture.
As for accommodation, If they are not removed from cage constantly, it should be spacious enough to exercise the muscles of the wings and legs, and the plumage of the bird is preserved in perfect condition.
The Red-lored Amazon enjoy, like all parrots, tearing apart and finding out things, so they must have the occasional toy or we may end up having problems with the furniture. Them feet of parrot are very suitable if your stay is in the outside of the cage. Of course, they must not be exposed to draughts or sudden changes in temperature. The water must be clean at your fingertips, because the existence of fungi causes serious breathing problems.
In terms of coexistence to have it in the neighborhood area, in comparison with other species in Amazon, are relatively quiet, so in general do not cause many problems.
In captivity, can get to live up to 80 years.
BREEDING AND REPRODUCTION:
Its captive breeding started for the first time in United States, after their importation from the place of origin, South America in the 1950's.
Those individuals acquire their sexual maturity on the 4 years of age, and if you have a good breeding pair in the right conditions, they can perform two annual broods, Although the main thing if you want to raise, patience. Many pairs need several years until the first calf, so it is very important to be patient and wait for the right moment.
The female lays in the nest (No fill) of 2 to 6 eggs incubated without the help of the male usually. This is dedicated to feeding the female itself and that of the chicks after their birth at the 28 days until independence after twelve weeks.
(1) – Wikimedia.org
(2) – Red-lored Amazon or Red-lored Parrot; two captive parrots By Brian Gratwicke (originally posted to Flickr as Red-lored Amazon) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – A Red-lored Amazon in Panama By Nelson de Witt from USA (Hello!) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – To pet Red-lored Amazon By Richard (originally posted to Flickr as Looming….) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Red-lored parrots (Amazona autumnalis), OSA Peninsula, Costa Rica By Charlesjsharp (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – A Red-lored Amazon at Rock Farm, Belize. It has a feather problem By Rigrat [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – This is the image of a parrot originating of the jungle of Chiapas in Mexico By Joe Quick [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(8) – Red-lored Amazon perching on a branch with wings open near Belmopan, Belize By Rigrat (Picasa Web Albums) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(9) – A strange sight to me to see parrots flying in the wild. This Red-lored Amazon (Amazona autumnalis) was spotted with a group along the roadside in the Cayo distict of Belize By The Lilac Breasted Roller (originally posted to Flickr as Red Lored Parrot) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(10) – Lilacine Amazon, head from lateral by John Gerrard Keulemans [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
The Blue Lorikeet(Vini peruviana) has an approximate length of 18 cm.. and a weight ranging between 31 and 34 g..
Dark blue bright in the crown with paler veins; The feathers of the back of the crown, elongated as in other members of the genus; Lords and ear-coverts white. Upperparts dark blue bright with Plumas-bases blackish. Upper wing
bright blue with the internals of the flight feather brownish colour. Underwing coverts dark blue, the rest of Underwing color negro.
Throat and upper breast white; bright dark blue rest, underparts on the basis of blackish feathers. The tail dark blue, with the slightly elongated central feathers typical of the genus; undertail blackish.
The bill orange; Iris yellowish brown; Legs orange color.
Male slightly larger, particularly the head and the bill, with the chin pure white. Legs they can also be a bit darker.
The immature differs from the adult as having the underparts uniform greyish-black, with the exception of some small white spots on the chin. Black the bill. Dark brown the irises and legs dark brown.
It depends largely on coconut palm (Cocoa nuts) for food and nesting, Although other species such as the banana and Hibiscus they are also frequented by the Blue Lorikeet.
Sometimes they look around the villages and in the gardens. The Blue Lorikeet they are very active, rarely remain long in one place. They are usually seen in small groups of a maximum of seven birds that fly between the coconut trees in flower.
Reproduction:
The breeding It is estimated that it is from May to July. Nests in the coconut trees, either in a hollow log or in a rotten coconut palm still attached to the tree, also have seen them are nesting in a stump of Pandanus fallen. The laying is two eggs that incubate for 25 days and the fledgling young leaves the nest in 6-8 weeks.
Food:
They feed on nectar, but foraging on the ground and the search for small insects on the underside of the leaves have also been recorded..
Distribution:
The Blue Lorikeet It was formerly widespread in the The Society Islands and the Tuatnotu archipelago, but at present is absent from 15 of the 23 Islands where dwelt in the past (some of which can be to come back to enter), including tahiti, Bora-Bora and Moorea, the largest group of the Society Islands (c expiry date. 1900 of tahiti and Moorea; decade of 1920 for Bora-Bora).
Although the population decline has been linked to a series of threats, including the introduction of the the swamp Harrier (Cirrus approximans) and introduction of a malaria avian provoked by the Culicoides mosquito; predation by rats and cats is the most serious problem facing the species. The distribution currently in the different islands, including population estimated with the dates when they know, shown below (but there are several more islands that have never been visited and that could still be suitable to support the species).
– The Society Islands:Motu One 250 couples; Manuae 300-400 couples in 1974 but in apparent decline following the introduction of cats in 1975.
– Tuamotu archipelago:Tikehau 30 couples in 1984; Rangiroa 100-200 birds before 1972, were kept in 1991 but the numbers are not quantified; Arutua, apparently they were still present 1975 but no current stats; Manihi a bird in 1991; Kaukura last sighting in 1923; No estimate of population; Apataki 1989 survey gave a minimum of 300 birds.
– Islas Cook:Aitutaki probably introduced; until 500 couples present in 1991; Island Hervey possibly introduced in the past, but there is no recent information.
– The population in Aitutaki seems stable and as the Black Rat (Ratuus ruttus) is not present, This island is thought to be the hope for the survival of the species.
Conservation:
– Current IUCN Red List category: Vulnerable
– The population trend: Decreasing
There are few data on population trends; But, the species has declined gradually in each island, where cats, the black rats of Marsh Harriers have colonized the coast. So, a slow to moderate fall in the population is suspicious.
The threat of extinction of this species in the Islands, It is more than likely due to their predation by black rats (Rattus rattus) and to a lesser extent, by the Feral cats (Felis catus). Their extinction since Makatea in the Tuamotu archipelago could have been accelerated by a particularly violent hurricane. Its reduction in the scope of the Society Islands correlated with the spread of the marsh harriers (Circus approximans) introduced. The accidental introduction of black rats on islands where the Blue Lorikeet It is a continuous threat to the species.
"Blue Lorikeet" in captivity:
There are more than 20 males in captivity, but only about ten females. The species was first raised in captivity in 1937 by Lord Tavistock, but until 1977, When a group of birds seized in the U.S.. He was sent to the poultry farmer Rosemary Low en el Reino Unido, These birds were practically unknown in poultry.
Also have grown up in the San Diego Zoo, whose success with breeding two females in 1979 He had much international publicity when parents, that had been confiscated from smugglers, escaped destruction by customs officers after a public outcry.
Alternative names:
– Blue Lorikeet, Pacific Lorikeet, Tahiti Lorikeet, Tahiti Lory, Tahitian Lorikeet, Tahitian Lory, Thaitian lory, Violet Lorikeet (ingles).
– Lori nonnette, Lori de Tahiti, Perruche nonnette (French).
– Saphirlori (German).
– Loris Vini Peruviana (Portuguese).
– Lori Monjita, Lorito Zafiro (español).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Photos:
1 – free-pet-wallpapers
2 – Two adults (left) close to a three immature birds perched in a palm tree. – Author Josep del Hoyo – lynxeds
3 – Miles to the wild – Enlace
4 – Miles to the wild – Enlace
5 – Adult bird preening. Author Tomasz Doron – lynxeds
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