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Description:
32 cm.. length and 295 g. of weight.
The Red-spectacled Parrot (Amazona pretrei) has the forecrown, lores, fore crown and upper cheeks up to the ear-coverts, bright red; back of the crown, nape, the mantle, back and rump, green with a narrow terminal band black in most feathers; scapulars green; uppertail-coverts pale green. Leading edge of wing, carpal area, alula and primary coverts, bright red; other coverts, narrow green with black tips.
Flight feathers, violet blue green tips. Under wings green. The underparts they are mostly green, slightly tinged with yellowish, with black tips on most feathers giving a scalloped effect; the thighs red; undertail-coverts pale yellowish green. Tail green with broad pale yellowish-green tip and patches of red on base of innerwebs of the three feathers outermost. The bill pale yellow with pale orange based on upper jaw; bare periophthalmic white; iris orange; legs gris pardusco.
The female probably it shows much less red in the wing with the carpal edge and primary coverts, mostly or completely green. Immature apparently similar to female adult.
Note Taxonomy:
Itรยดs monotype. It is sometimes considered conspecific with Amazona tucumana, but they are best treated as forming a superspecies.
Habitat:
"Red-spectacled Parrot" |
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This rider is strongly associated with forests Araucaria angustifolia for use as roosts non-breeding season. It prefers open savanna forests and low riparian forests for reproduction, with trees and conifers of the genus Podocarpus, Scutia and Celtis and where they are absent Araucaria angustifolia. Most records place her at altitudes between 300-1.000 m, but they are distributed and breed at lower elevations in southern Rio Grande do Sul.
They disperse in pairs during breeding but are highly gregarious outside of breeding season. They form large concentrations community, often in plantations pinus exotic and Eucalyptus. The largest winter meetings coincide with the ripening seeds araucaria. flocks of 30 to 50 birds, composed of young adults and newborns, They may meet before the dispersion, from breeding areas to winter quarters.
Reproduction:
The Red-spectacled Parrot nest in tree hollows, for example, Casearia, Ouillaja brasiliensis and Ficus. With reproduce at the end of September to January, with young people and fledglings, usually, in early December in the south. Clutch 2-4 eggs.
Food:
Foods reported include seeds of Araucaria angustifolia (especially important in May-August) and Podocarpus lambertii (important in some areas in January-February), fruits of Eugenia, Campomanesia and Melia. The diet is altered with the town and the station. They take a variety of fruit in the spring and summer (October to February), among others: Cupania, Eugenia, Phytolacca, Allophylus, Nectandra, Ocotea, Campomanesia, Cytharexylum, Myrcianthes, Blepharocalyx, Ficus and Symplocos.
The diurnal movements cover up 100 km, perhaps in relation with the availability of food.
Distribution and status:
This species is endemic to South Brazil and distributed only in the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina (Martรญnez, 1996). Some individuals have been recorded in the forests Missions, in the northeast of Argentina (Chebez 1994) and they have recently also been reported from Paraguay (sec Lowcn et al., 1997).
It is a kind Nomad; They tend to focus on the remaining forests Araucaria Southeast Santa Catarina between March and June to feed on seeds production Araucaria augustifolia. During August and January, the Red-spectacled Parrot They are dispersed in small flocks ranging from tens to hundreds of individuals in a wide distribution throughout the state Rio Grande do Sul, particularly in habitats Cima da Serra fields, Plateau East, Alto Uruguay, Depression Central and Southeast Saws.
Reductions in seed supply Araucaria They may have been the cause of change in the feeding of Ecological Station Aracuri-Esmeralda in 1991 (Municipality of many capons) to areas around Southeast Santa Catarina. Here the remaining forest patches of Araucaria They can provide enough seed to feed the populations Red-spectacled Parrot. The intensive cattle grazing and agriculture have almost eradicated habitat Araucaria. These habitat impacts have reduced natural regeneration and may also have reduced the number of nesting sites in old trees..
a census in 1994 It estimated the total population of the Red-spectacled Parrot in 10.000 individuals, Repeated surveys have shown the sizes of the nearby population 12.600 individuals in 1996. and about 16.300 individuals in 1997 (J. Martinez in litigation 1997, N. Prestes in the proceedings 1997).
Conservation:
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Vulnerable โ (UICN)โ
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โข Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Vulnerable.
โข Population trend: Decreasing.
Rationale for the Red List category
The combination of a comparison of population estimates 1971 and 1997 and deforestation rates over the same period suggest that the species has declined rapidly, qualifying the species as Vulnerable. Current threats loss of habitat and capture suggest that this decline is likely to continue.
Justification of trend
Se sospecha una continued rapid population decline due to destruction, degradation and fragmentation of habitat and illegal trade.
The Red-spectacled Parrot in captivity:
Unknown until years 80, when a few reached Europe; not well known elsewhere.
relatively silent compared to other Amazonian species. Inquisitivas although generally quiet. have a nice nature, but they can occasionally be quite noisy, especially first thing in the morning and evening. They become confident relatively quickly. outside the breeding season, They can be set in a colony system. chewing hard and excellent flying and stair climbers, so they need ample opportunities for exercise.
Its captive breeding rarely it has succeeded.
It is believed that the main threat to this bird is the illegal domestic trade, particularly in the municipalities of Lagoa Vermelha, Barracao, Esmeralda and many capons. About 500 chicks are taken annually from nests to be sold in large urban centers Caxias do Sul, Florianรณpolis, Curitiba and Sรฃo Paulo (Prestcs et al., 1997).
It is a species that should only be kept in captivity for the purpose of achieving its reproduction and subsequent insertion into the wild..
Alternative names:
1 – Red-spectacled Parrot, Pretre’s Amazon, Pretre’s Parrot, Red spectacled Parrot, Red-spectacled Amazon (English).
2 – Amazone de Prรชtre (French).
3 – Prachtamazone (German).
4 – papagaio-da-serra, charรฃ, Charao, charรฃo, chorรฃo, maragato, Papagaio-charรฃo, papagaio-chorรฃo, serrano (Portuguese).
5 – Amazona Charao, Amazona de Cabeza Roja, Charao, CharaoChorao (espaรฑol).
scientific classification:
– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittacidae
– Genus: Amazona
– Scientific name: Amazona pretrei
– Citation: (Temminck, 1830)
– Protonimo: Psittacus pretrei
Images Red-spectacled Parrot:
Sources:
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World โ Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
Photos:
(1) – Red-spectacled Amazon that is kept as a pet in Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil By Marie (originally posted to Flickr as Perroquet familial) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – A pet Red-spectacled Amazon in a parrot cage. It is 32 cm land and 295 gm in wt By Amazona_pretrei_-bird_cage-8c.jpg: Andrea O Guimarรฃes derivative work: Snowmanradio [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Red-spectacled Amazon that is kept as a pet in Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Some of its wing feathers are clipped By Amazona_pretrei_-Rio_Grande_do_Sul_-Brazil-8e.jpg: Mariederivative work: Snowmanradio [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Red-spectacled Amazon that is kept as a pet in Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil By Marie [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Amazona pretrei, a native of the southernmost Brasil. Specimen in Palmitos Park, Gran Canaria By Bjoertvedt (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 or GFDL], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – A pet Red-spectacled Amazon in captivity. It has a ring on its right leg By Andrea O Guimarรฃes (originally posted to Flickr as Iโm watching you) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – Red-spectacled Amazon that is kept as a pet in Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil By Marie (originally posted to Flickr as Temporaire) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(8) – Red-spectacled Amazon that is kept as a pet in Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil By Marie (originally posted to Flickr as Calins… :)) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(9) – A pet Red-spectacled Amazon in a parrot cage. It is 32 cm land and 295 gm in wt By Andrea O Guimarรฃes [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(10) – Amazona pretrei = Psittacus pretei = Priest Parrot By Jean-Gabriel Prรชtre (1768โ1849) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
Sounds: Vitor Q. Piacentini, XC27028. accessible www.xeno-canto.org/27028.
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