27 to 28 centimeters length (23,5 not to mention their racquets).
The head of the Blue-headed Racquet-tail(Prioniturus platenae) is clear brilliant blue. Mantle and back of color green light; rump slightly brighter green. Wings green, flight feather with vane blackish internal.
Underwing coverts Turquoise Green, strongly impregnated with blue. Upper abdominal area green, strongly impregnated with blue; undertail-coverts brighter yellowish green, uppertail-coverts bright. Upper, the tail green, Blue-Green lateral feathers with black tips; undertail, the tail dark, bathed in blue; spatulas blackish
Bill blue-white; irises yellowish; legs black.
Female no blue in the underparts (or simply a wash light blue) and a wash light turquoise blue in the head, in the absence of the male light blue Cap; also with extensions in tail shorter.
Little-known. The species is found in moist lowland forests and nearby crops up to altitudes above 300 m. In the islands of the North of Palawan, you have registered in the ultrabásico forest, bamboo thickets, mangroves and natural grasslands with scattered trees.. Birds are often recorded in small groups and their habits are presumably similar to those of other Prioniturus.
Reproduction:
There are hardly any data relating to its reproduction. Marked juvenile birds have been collected in January (two) and in August, and a markedly immature, in the month of may.
Food:
There are many data about food. Remains of nuts have been found in the stomachs of the specimens.
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Vulnerable
• Population trend: Decreasing
The population is estimated at 2,500-9,999 individuals based on an assessment of the known records, descriptions of the abundance and range size.
The lack of recent information on this species is opposed to making strong claims about its current trend, but threats by logging, mining and trapping, They suggest that the species is declining rapidly.
The set of Palawan It is classified as a hunting ground, where is hunting illegal, the island was designated as a Biosphere reserve in 1990. But, legislation controlling habitat disturbance and hunting is difficult to enforce effectively.
"Blue-headed Racquet-tail" in captivity:
Not found in captivity.
Alternative names:
– Blue-headed Racquet-tail, Blue headed Racquet tail, Blue-headed Racket-Tail, Blueheaded Racket-tailed Parrot, Blue-headed Racquet Tail, Palawan Racket-tailed Parrot, Palawan Racquet-tail, Palawan Racquet-tailed Parrot (ingles).
– Palette de Palawan, Palette à tête bleue, Perroquet à raquette de Palawan (French).
– Palawan-Spatelschwanzpapagei, Palawan Spatelschwanz-Papagei, Palawanpapagei (German).
– Prioniturus platenae (Portuguese).
– Lorito Momoto de Palau, Lorito momoto de Palawan, Lorito-momoto de Palawan (español).
– Recent phylogenetic study suggests that this species is part of a clade containing also to the P. waterstradti, P. Montanus and P. mindorensis. Formerly treated as a subspecies of the P. discurus, but the treatment recently strengthened as species, considers it Monotypic.
Images "Blue-headed Racquet-tail"
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“Palawan Momoto Lorito” (Prioniturus platenae)
Sources:
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Photos:
(1) – Birds of the Philippines – Near Coron Airport, Coron, Palawan. April 2010 – manilaoldtimer
(2) – minghouse.infolinker.com.tw
45 cm. length, including its long, narrow tail, and around 92 g. of weight.
The head of the Alexandra's Parrot(Polytelis alexandrae) is light olive brown color, heavily washed in blue pastel in the Crown area, the nape of the neck, and slightly below the eyes; the Chin and throat pale pink.
Mantle and scapulars Brown olive-tinged greenish and fine dark stripes; back and rump, color pastel blue; upper coverts greenish-gray tail. Upper coverts bright yellowish green wings, with a few more green feathers around the curve of the wing; Dark greenish blue primary coverts; primary blue-green with yellowish-brown, and dark brown margin leading edge for the vane inner (the third rémige primary has the tip spatula-shaped. ); secondary of pale blue-green with a yellowish margin (more pronounced in vane outer); greenish grey tertials with vane more obscure internal. Wing of bright green feathers, more yellow towards leading edge; undertail, wings greyish Brown with large pale yellow inner margin to the vane inner. Usually gray olive underparts pale, with the pink color of the throat which runs on top of the chest; belly and flanks washed clear bluish green; thighs and lower flanks with increase in pink; coverts yellow olive color infracaudales. Upper, tail Brown olive green near the axis and blue toward tip-washed, lateral feathers bluish grey and pink-tipped; undertail, Black tail with tips and margins of pink.
The beak is red with a grey periophthalmic ring; orange-yellow irises; grey legs.
Female has a shorter tail (average of 6 cm.. less than the male) and it lacks of spatula in the third tip rémige primary. The wing coverts are greener and more off. And the mantle shows less green Suffusion. Crown, back and rump are less blue.
Immature similar to females and males acquire the adult plumage in about 14 to 18 months.
Inhabits the deserts of sand from the arid Center of Australia, often far from water. Birds can reach an area which have been absent for many years, reproduce, and quickly exit again.
They are found in mound grasslands, dry forests of coastal eucalyptus, thickets of acacia, mulga (Acacia aneura) and deserts with scattered Oaks (Allocasuarina decaisneana).
The birds are alone, in pairs or in small groups of up to 15 Member. There are also some earlier records of larger breeding colonies.
Reproduction:
The breeding season has been recorded from September to January, Although the nesting can be irregular and probably depend on the rainfall of rain and is also sometimes colonial.
During courtship, the male raises some feathers on its Crown and extends its wings and tail.
Favorite nesting place is a large hole in a Red eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) lined with a pile of rotting wood dust (the desert oak It has also been used).
Of four to six white eggs make up the implementation, incubated by the female for a few 21 days. While the female is incubating, the male takes care of your power. The young are fed during 5-6 weeks and become independent from three to five weeks after leaving the nest.
Food:
The birds feed on the ground and can be very meek. The diet includes seeds of Spinifex (Triodia mitchelli) and Herb mulga (Bipartite Danthonia). As well, according to sources, they can feed on nectar.
Distribution:
The Alexandra's Parrot are confined to the interior of Australia, where usually are very rare and few records. The species is an irregular visitor, It may not appear in parts of its distribution area for two decades or more.
Occurs in the Northern Territory to the North of the area of Newcastle Waters and Stuart Plains, and to the South up to around Alice Springs.
In Queensland, It is very rare in the South-western end, but there is a recent breeding record around Cloncurry.
In South Australia, extends to the East, about Oodnadatta, and there is a record of 1986 in the Great Victoria desert some 25 kilometers to the North of the Nurrari Lakes.
There is disagreement about its conservation status. The recent lack of records of large groups of reproduction, He cited as a possible indication of population decline, but there is little real information, and it suggests that the world's population can be estimated between 1.000 and 20.000 birds. A recent study suggests the species could be irruptive rather than nomadic, and that a population nucleus may be resident in the area around the Tobin Lake, Western Australia.
Trade, fires, changing land use regimes and predation, they have been cited as potential threats.
Protected by law.
A large number in captivity.
VULNERABLE
Conservation:
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Near threatened
• Population trend: Stable
The population of the Alexandra's Parrot It is estimated, with low reliability, in 5 000 birds breeding (Garnett and Crowley 2000).
There is no firm evidence to determine the general trend of the number of Princess Parrot that exist. But, the rate appears to have decreased (Garnett and Crowley 2000), and recent sightings (in different places of Tobin Lake in the Great sandy desert) they have only been small batches (Garnett 1993; Garnett and Crowley 2000). On the other hand, historical records include reports of large flocks and large breeding colonies (Forshaw and Cooper 2002; North 1912; Parker 1971; Whitlock 1924).
The Alexandra's Parrot It has not been registered crossed with other species in nature. It is unlikely that any interbreeding occurs because the other two members of the genus Polytelis, the Superb parrot (Polytelis swainsonii) and the Regent Parrot (Polytelis anthopeplus), they usually do not occur in the same places as the Princess Parrot (Higgins 1999).
Remote areas occupied by species, its irregular presence in most places, and the lack of information about their movements, make it difficult to accurately estimate population size (Higgins 1999).
Conservation Actions Proposed
• Study the ecology of species, about the Tobin Lake or the Great Victoria desert to determine the likely constraints on population size.
• Monitoring of sightings to characterize the habitat and habitat models to verify the needs and historical responses to fire and precipitation throughout the distribution of the species.
• Use research information to develop a management strategy.
• Protect the areas where the species breeds..
"Alexandra's Parrot" in captivity:
Not too noisy, good whistling, and friendly disposition. It is a robust bird able to tolerate reasonable temperatures. Susceptible to infections in the eyes.
According to records, a female lived 23,9 years in captivity.
common in captivity.
Pure birds, with colors typical of their species are increasingly difficult to find.
The Alexandra's Parrot they can be accommodated in a wide variety of sizes of aviaries. It is best to raise them as couples, They seem to play better if they can see or listen to another pair of the same species. An Aviary of 4 meters long is considered the minimum to adequately house these birds.
Have brought successfully as a colony of 3-5 couples in a large aviary.
Non-toxic hardwood branches can be placed in the Aviary of birds so that they can chew them. This entertains our parakeets, helping to minimize boredom and providing them with a little exercise for supico. Natural branches of different diameters, and placed in different angles, they can be used for hangers. These natural hangers can be chewed by birds and may need to be replaced periodically. Birds can chew the flowers and fruiting bodies on the branches.
Its diet It requires a mixture of quality of food for parrots and a variety of fruits, such as the Apple and orange, as well as a variety of vegetables – corn, chard, usually providing green food and green leafy vegetables. Sowing grasses, If they are available. Soaked or sprouted seeds if they are available.
Commercial dry pellets can be part of a balanced diet.
Some birds will eat insects, as mealworms, especially around the breeding season. The insects will provide adult and young birds with a good source of easily digestible protein.. Insects can serve food to these birds on your daily diet.
The breeding season These parrots begins in March; the implementation is of 3 to 7 eggs, and incubation lasts approximately 20 days; the young become independent to the 50 days; occasionally breeding occurs 2 times a year. It is frequent that the female sexually mature in the first year, the male after the second year; couples can stay in adjacent aviaries each other separated by double metal fabric.
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– AnAge: The Animal Ageing and Longevity Database – Genomics.senescence.info
The Night Parrot(Pezoporus occidentalis) It is one of the most elusive and mysterious world of birds.
They have a bill plane, similar to the of the Kakapo (Strigops habroptila), without the apparent hook of the upper jaw. They have feathers around the cere. The tail is short. The legs are relatively elongated, indicating its good predispositions to walk.
The male and female they are similar.
In adults, the upperparts they are generally yellowish-green with dark brown cryptic spots, black and yellow. The front of the neck is greenish yellow. The chest and flanks they have discreet black and yellow stripes. Belly and coats are bright yellow. The flight feather are pale yellow, forming a thin stripe on the lower part of the wing. The central tail feathers are green with a strong yellowish brown shade. The bill is grey-brown, black eyes. Legs long claws dark grey.
In the wild, the Night Parrot It can be confused with the kakapo Parrot, If not we are looking too details which differentiates them.
Habitat:
The Night Parrot It attends a wide variety of habitats in arid or semi-arid land. They are mainly in places where the herbs grow in clumps on rocky peaks, also in the steppes composed of thickets of quenopodios. They also feel a great attraction for the Rock Samphire (A maritime rhythm), plants that are highly resistant to drought and salt.
They are known to flee to the interior areas of Muehlenbeckia, which have a dense foliage. The most recent reports do not come from the areas of Spinifex. It seems that new techniques of fire used to create firewall, They allow you to create favourable conditions for this parakeet.
The night Parrot almost never fly, except when looking for sources of water. To observe them, What has become extremely rare, We must look to the ground, in areas which consists almost exclusively of grasses of the genus Spinifex.
after dark, They fly a short distance until they find a fresh water pond. Once he has satisfied his thirst, they return to the infeed zone.
There is no certainty about the movements of this parakeet. It can be nomadic, Perhaps sedentary. No doubt depend on the climate and territory who attends them. Formerly, when the number of Night Parrot were still substantial, stocks were fluctuating seasonally.
At the end of the 19th century, in Southern Australia, groups of fifteen individuals were local irruptions, a signal that were sensitive to the favorable climatic conditions or were found in the alternative storage sites whose resources were relatively abundant.
All these considerations must be taken with great moderation for the following reason: the well-established notion that birds move through the Plains Spinifex in the direction of places full of thickets of quenopodios according to seasons and seed resources, not always been confirmed in recent reports.
Reproduction:
We know very little about the reproductive habits of this bird. The season of nesting is in July or August. The nest It is a kind of platform built with pieces of wood, on the ground or at low altitude. It is placed in a cavity that has been enlarged and which is accessed by a tunnel whose entrance is in a tuft of grass.. Its diameter is of some 8 centimeters. According to the previous data, the spawning usually contains 4 or 5 eggs. The time of incubation It is unknown.
Food:
The Night Parrot mainly consumed seeds of Spinifex (Triodia). Recent and circumstantial reports, indicate also the absorption of deciduous plants family leaves Poaceae as Enneapogon purpurascens.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 26.300 km2
There is a report of 1913 that places them around Murrayville and Cowangie, Victoria, and another around of Ross Springs between 1954 and 1959. There is also a register of 1.897 that placed them in District of Oxleand, New South Wales.
The species has never been common, but it was more frequently toward the end of the last century (for example, 16 sightings in the region of the Lake Eyre, Southern Australia, in the decade of 1870). Due to marauding habits, many sightings remain unconfirmed, and this makes it difficult to assess its true condition. Even so, It seems certain that the population is declining. The cause of this is unknown, but it may be related to the introduction of predators such as cats, Rats, dogs or foxes. Changes in fire regimes, as well as the introduction of camels, they have also influenced its decline.
The Night Parrot seen only as museum specimens for 25 are not extinct. To cat-killed Night Parrot was recovered recently in western Queensland, Australia. (South Australian Museum)
There have been reports in every decade since its discovery, and all states in recent years, except Victoria (the last record was in 1950). The most notable recent sighting was of four birds in the eastern side of the cooper river, to 8 km to the East of the Lake Perigundi, Northeast of Southern Australia, in June of 1979. The birds were arrebolados in tangled shrubs, Sclerolaena intricata and flew away before perederse in the dense forests of Muehlenbeckia florulenta. In 1990 a long dead individual, It was the first specimen in a Museum from the Decade of 1880, was collected in the southwest of Queensland,to 36 km to the North of Boulia. A more recent record of these birds (between March of 1992 and June of 1993) He was picked up in the South of Cloncurry, about 150 km to the North of the area where the dead bird was found, which confirms the local persistence of this species.
The global population is unknown, but it can be very small and is likely to be declining. There are none in captivity.
The Night Parrot has been the subject of a legal protection in Australia since 1937.
Conservation:
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Danger
• Population trend: Decreasing
After no record is confirmed from 1990, despite several exhaustive searches and publicity campaigns, This species was rediscovered in 2005 in the region of Pilbara in Western Australia, and a dead juvenile was found in the Diamantina National Park, Queensland in 2006.
It is likely that they have decreased as a result of a series of threats, and the remaining population can be very small and possibly subject to extreme fluctuations.
Based on the records of 2005 and 2006, and because of the shortage of sightings, a Committee of experts concluded that the species was in danger of extinction.
The population of the Night Parrot is supposed to be very small, and is estimated at less of 50 mature individuals based on the scarcity of records. In 2010 a Committee of experts re-evaluó given records of Western Australia in 2005 and Queensland in 2006, and estimated that there could be 50 to 250 birds in total (Garnett et to the. 2011). Therefore, the number of mature individuals is placed in the band of 50-249, but it can become something bigger.
The population It is suspected that it may be in decline due to a combination of threats, including predation by invasive exotic predators.
If a population can be located, the following measures could be introduced:
• a research and monitoring program
• control of wild animals in and around the place where the population of the Night Parrot
• patch burning to limit the possibility, or to prevent the occurrence of fire in the place of the population until better understanding of the situation and the ecological needs of the population
• minimize disturbance to the population site, which could include leaking information to the public, and the establishment of agreements with landowners and land managers.
• establish a captive breeding program (Blyth 1996; Garnett and Crowley 2000).
Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
Birdlife
Night parakeet photos:
(1) – 1971 painting of a night parrot by William Cooper – Enlace
(2) – The Night Parrot seen only as museum specimens for 25 are not extinct. To cat-killed Night Parrot was recovered recently in western Queensland, Australia. (South Australian Museum) – Top Birding Tours
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The Red-bellied Parrot(Poicephalus rufiventris) has the crown, nape and lores brown ash, the cheeks sometimes with orange tips; ear-coverts slightly paler. Mantle and scapulars brown ash; the back blue-black; rump iridescent pale blue or bluish green. Upper, the wings slightly darker than the head and back: the primaries brown. Under, the feathers of orange wings; underside of feathers Light brown flight. Throat and the chest ash brown with orange tint; top of the chest orange; belly up to undertail- coverts pale green sometimes shows Orange-tinged feathers. Tail dark brown ash.
Bill, cere and orbital skin black; irises orange-red; legs black.
The female You have the upper chest grey, the pale green underside sometimes dyed orange. The head paler and grayer than male. Feathers of the wings greyish.
Immature, generally, similar to females, but the young males have orange feathers Wings below and can show brown marks on the chest.
Usually associated with semiarid vegetation, including areas of dry scrub and forest steppe Acacia Commiphora. It tends to avoid the dense foliage and, often it perches on dead branches.
In the south of the range, He prefers savannas Adansonia.
Where it is sympatric with the Meyer's Parrot (West range) the Red-bellied Parrot riparian forests and avoid living in the most open savannas.
In Ethiopia They can be observed in areas of savannah Acacia-Chrysopogon, up to 2,000m. altitude.
In Somalia They are subject to seasonal altitudinal movements in relation to the food supply, moving in altitude of about 2,000m from July to September in search of wild figs Ficus. Otherwise, generally below 1,400m.
Usually, seen in pairs or in family groups 3-4 birds; rarely in larger flocks.
Reproduction:
Nest in cavities within terrestrial termite mounds, between 2 and 3 meters above ground or 10 meters or more, in some dead tree.
The female incubates the eggs while the male goes in search of food, these eggs hatch after a few 28 days and start flying to the 60 days after hatching.
A female was recorded under breeding conditions during the month of March (Tanzania) and feeding immature in July and October. Registered one laying in the months of May and June Ethiopia; In Somalia, between January and May; also recorded half-grown chicks in January. In Somalia in colonial times, with individual couples baobab, between 100 and 200 meters away. The implementation is of 1 to 2 eggs.
They drink frequently and often they can be found near the water.
Due to the limited food that is in their respective regions, the Red-bellied Parrot They reach the fields and harvest crops eaten, so they are often hunted by farmers.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 1.540.000 km2
endemic to eastern Africa, from the North-East of Tanzania, eastern and northern Kenya, in the horn of africa in the southern and eastern Ethiopia (included Rift Valley) and western and northern zone Somalia.
Usually common within its range. Absent in the coastal lowlands, mainly sedentary with seasonal movements in some areas.
Distribution 2 subspecies:
Poicephalus rufiventris pallidus
(Someren, 1922) – It is found exclusively in eastern Ethiopia.
The Red-bellied Parrot It is included in the Appendix II according to CITES (The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) from 1981 and established as a lesser concern in the Red List of Threatened Species of the UICN since the population has fallen by more than 30% in the last 10 years. The Red-bellied Parrot it began exporting significant quantities primarily in Tanzania over the years 80. Years before it began to export to Great Britain in very small quantities.
"Red-bellied Parrot" in captivity:
In captivity is rare, although Spain Some important breeding centers have managed to bring them up without difficulty. This parrot can be purchased directly from a specialized breeding.
What pet They are very cheerful, Playful, Intelligent and affectionate, a generally peaceful nature.
They are not very noisy. He likes to climb and climb, great need to crack and it is always advisable a regular supply of fresh branches. They like to bathe.
With regard to its longevity, according to sources, a specimen lived 33,4 years in captivity.
Alternative names:
– Red-bellied Parrot, African Orange-bellied Parrot, Orange-bellied Parrot, Red bellied Parrot (English).
– Perroquet à ventre rouge (French).
– Rotbauch-Mohrenkopf (German).
– Papagaio-de-ventre-vermelho (Portuguese).
– Lorito de Vientre Rojo, Lorito Ventrirrojo, Loro Abisinio (español).
(1) – Red-bellied Parrot; a male juvenile pet parrot on a wooden perch stretching By Ruth Rogers [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Mature breeding pair of Red-Bellied Parrots (Poicephalus rufiventris) on a perch in a cage. Picture taken by user:Fruitwerks at home By Fruitwerks at English Wikipedia(Original text: User:Fruitwerks on en wiki) (Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons.) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – A adult male pet Red-bellied Parrot perching on a bright red perch. Photography: one SB-600, diffused, hand held to the left and below Joey, fired with CLS, on TTL with no Compensation. By Bram Cymet [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Red-bellied Parrot; a juvenile male pet parrot on a wooden perch. Shows back By Ruth Rogers [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – A Red-bellied Parrot at San Antonio Zoo, USA. In the male the abdomen is red-orange and in the female the abdomen is green, but the abdomen is not visible making it difficult to sex this parrot from the view shown By Zach Welty (originally posted to Flickr as Parrot 2) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
Origin: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, French Guiana, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela
Character: Intelligent and social
Life expectancy: 40 years
Height: 46 cm..
Content
Description:
46 cm.. length and a weight between 285 and 387 g..
The Chestnut-fronted Macaw(Ara severus) It is a medium-sized Parrot with a plumage predominantly Green.
The male and female are almost identical and juveniles are hardly different from adults.
In the male adult, the feathers of the crown and the neck they are heavily infiltrated blue. The forecrown, chin and the area of the cheeks bordering with the bare skin of the face are brown. The curvature of the wing, carpal edge and small lower coverts are bright red. The bottom of the flight feather shows a dark red-orange color.
The tail is reddish brown with a blue tip. The bill greyish black. The bare skin of the face it is creamy white with fine lines of small black feathers. The irises is yellow, the legs grey.
The youth they are like the of adults, but have the tail shorter and the irises is grey.
The Chestnut-fronted Macaw may be confused with two species: the Blue-winged Macaw, Although this has a frontal band and stain abdominal Red and the Red-bellied Macaw Although it differs by having the facial skin yellow, and the abdomen red. On the other hand, These parrots are smaller and have a yellow color under the wings.
While they are sometimes in clearings or on the edge of this habitat, the Chestnut-fronted Macaw, in general, avoid the great forests never invaded by water. They prefer areas that are periodically flooded, secondary forests, galleries of trees that border the watercourses, oil palm plantations, meadows and pastures where there are still some scattered stands of trees.
It depends on the region, These birds live in very different elevations of up 1000 metres in Colombia, 1500 meters in the South of Ecuador, and only 350 metres in Venezuela.
The Chestnut-fronted Macaw, usually, they live in pairs or in small groups. However they can form large gatherings when dorms are set or when food resources are abundant.
The Chestnut-fronted Macaw, sometimes, they feed in the company of the Red-bellied Macaw (Ara manilata).
During the day, they are essentially arboreal, preferring to remain at the top of the trees and in the canopy, where they remain well hidden in thick foliage. They are best observed at dawn and dusk, as they follow regular routes between their places of rest and feeding sites.
They fly directly, with fast rhythms revealing red underneath his wings stain.
They are birds sedentary. In some mountain areas, However, undertake altitudinal migrations.
Reproduction:
Given the large size of its distribution area and large variation in latitude, nesting takes place at different times depending on the region, from March to may in Colombia, February-March in Panama, and from September to December in Suriname.
These macaws usually They nest in cavities of dead Palm trees, often just above the water, but they can also lay their eggs in a rock crevice.
The spawning usually includes 2 or 3 eggs. There is little information of this bird in the wild, but it is known that in captivity the period of incubation lasts a few 28 days. The reproductive cycle is particularly long, The chicks remain in the nest for a minimum of 9 weeks.
Food:
The Chestnut-fronted Macaw they are exclusively vegetarian. Its diet includes seeds of Hura crepitans, Sapium aureum, Cedrela odorata and Cupania cinerea, the pulp and the seeds of Inga laterifolia, Micropholis melinoneana, Euterpe precatoria and Gulielma, and fruits of Ficus, Cecropia feulla, Caraniana, as well as fruit of different types of fig trees or palms (especially species with small fruits); also flowers of, for example, Ferruleand Erythrina.
The birds are fed into silence in the canopy where they can be difficult to detect.
Distribution:
The Chestnut-fronted Macaw are distributed to the East of Panama and by South America reaching the center of Bolivia.
In East Panama they are in the tropical zone (records in the West to the North of the Canal area they are probably due to leaks), on the slope of the peaceful from the South of the Andes to the South of Ecuador (of Guayas to Pichincha) and in the Northern lowlands of Colombia, South to the upper area of the Valley of Sinu River, extending into the foothills of the Colombian Andes, in the valleys of the Cauca and Magdalena until Antioquia.
To the East of the Andes they occupy the Amazonian lowlands of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia in Peace, Beni, Cochabamba and Santa Cruz, going east of the foothills of the Andes through the West and South of the amazon (Although they are not known in the North of Brazil, for example, in Manaus or along the rivers Negro and Branco).
Propagate through the tropical zone of Venezuela in Zulia and from the West of Apure until Aragua, Northwest of Bolívar and the Amazonas along the Orinoco, reaching the Guianas and Amapá, Brazil.
To the South of the amazon is extended by the Mato Grosso, Brazil. A record to the South of Bahia is not confirmed.
Resident with seasonal movements of altitude in some areas (for example, West of Ecuador and North of Venezuela).
Pretty common throughout much of its range, and while the deterioration of habitat has caused serious decreases in population at the local level (for example, in the Valle del Cauca, Colombia and West of Ecuador), moderate deforestation has resulted in increases in other areas.
Although there are no reports in Guyana Since the beginning of the 19th century, the Chestnut-fronted Macaw they are still common in Suriname, especially in some coastal areas.
The species is kept in captivity, but the demand is not very big.
Conservation:
• Red List category of the UICN current: Least concern
• Population trend: Stable
The Chestnut-fronted Macaw they are quite common throughout much of its range birds. Apparently, they are able to survive to the selective deforestation and even capitalize.
In Venezuela it is a species with high rates of being traded as a pet due to its beauty and sociable behavior. The Ye'kwana on the Caura forest reserve in the State Bolívar, They include this species in his list of game birds, for its power and ornaments, but it is not the most hunted. In the State Carabobo is marketed as a pet according to data from the Regional Directorate for the Ecosocialism and waters-Carabobo.
On the part of the National Government is protected by the wildlife and its regulations protection law. Several of their populations are found in the national parks: Waraira Repano, Henri Pittier,The Caura forest reserve, San Esteban, Canaima. Currently the National office of biological diversity, Ministry of the Popular power for the environment He is working on defining the criteria to develop the official books of endangered species of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.
In Bolivia, international trade in psittacines had caused significant problems for this species in the past, but since the beginning of 1980, their trade is prohibited.
"Chestnut-fronted Macaw" in captivity:
Recently, the Chestnut-fronted Macaw have joined the ranks of other birds kept in captivity. For a time, most of the breeding birds of this species were acquired through the importation of wild specimens. Today this has changed, and most of these macaws today come from generations bred in captivity. Being recent its breeding in captivity, most of These parrots will retain much of their natural behaviors.
These small macaws are popular due to their friendly disposal and most likely will continue to grow in popularity in the future.
While they have not had hundreds of years of selection to tame their personalities, These macaws can be a fantastic pets if they are fed by hand and are well socialized from a young age.
They are creatures very curious, so they need a lot of mental stimulation to be healthy and happy. They should have on hand, games, toys, and daily interaction with your caregiver to make sure that you do not bored.
Most of the Chestnut-fronted Macaw they form links monogamous and they need to live with more birds in order to be able to form a family. Won't these birds well if they are isolated from family and some even become neurotic if their mental needs are not met.
A future buyer of a Chestnut-fronted Macaw You should plan on integrating this beautiful bird in his life to ensure the achievement of all the emotional and cognitive needs.
In general, to most of the Chestnut-fronted Macaw do not like being touched in excess, Although all birds are different and have their own personality. Assess your bird to see what what works best. These birds enjoying caresses next to the back of the neck, along their beaks, or around your eyes. They can be happy on the shoulders of its owner. Jewelry or shiny objects amaze quickly to this curious Parrot. For this reason, All chains, earrings, watches, bracelets , etc … they should stay away from our Macaw, since it could break if the bird decides to play with them.
Although these parrots fall into the category of small macaws, they maintain a high level of noise. It is not an ideal pet for apartments. If you decide to buy one and you live in an apartment, It may be a good reason to argue with your neighbors, Since these birds are noisy. Loud high-pitched sounds can easily be heard a few floors below and are to be expected during the early morning hours., at noon, and before the sunset. This is what they do in their natural habitat.
Yes a Chestnut-fronted Macaw It is continuously shouting for the attention of their owner, These calls should be ignored.. The bird is reacting the only way it knows how to get your attention. The best thing is to give attention during moments of tranquility that is account that this works best.
Unfortunately, many times a homeowner will come to the incessant screams of your Macaw in order to calm the neighbors below; But, This attention usually works in opposite way and the bird will continue to making noise because you know it will work.
Under no circumstances, the owner should be snapping the beak of the bird, spray it with water, or shout it when is making excessive noise. Such tactics only make the problem worse and parrots do not understand this type of punishment. On the other hand, owners should focus on something more positive for the bird and reward it in some way when it is quiet. With the time, the bird will recognize that this positive behavior works much better.
Despite these parrots can be noisy, in general, they are those who speak better of all macaws. One Chestnut-fronted Macaw You can speak with clarity and memorize a lot of words and phrases. They are possessors of some sharp voices that are a delight to listen. It must be said that the purchase of a parrot for his ability to speak is not the best idea, Since some parrots can never learn to talk and its owner can feel extremely disappointed. In its place, the best is to opt for a bird by its adorable and nice personality, If she starts to talk, then it will be an added advantage.
REPRODUCTION:
The breeding of Chestnut-fronted Macaw it's not very hard. While it is true there is time for the union of these birds, not much effort is needed to achieve that they reproduce successfully. It is always recommended do not use domestic birds in a breeding program, since once domesticated, they usually do not reproduce successfully.
The best candidates are those who have been exposed to other severe macaws and have lived within a Aviary.
When approaching the season of reproduction in spring and early summer, a bonded pair will be more vocal. During this time a female will look for a nesting site to raise their future pigeon. In most cases, This is usually a vertical wooden nest box or metal placed in a corner of the cage. Inside the box must have a ladder to be sure that the female can be up and down without damaging their eggs. The bottom of the box should also have some kind of soft base such as wood chips that are non-toxic to the parrot.; But, some female birds choose to remove wood chips. If this occurs, the owner must again enter a handful of chips in the nest box until you put the first egg since this keeps the egg and prevents it from moving around and damage to. The box should also be placed so that the owner has easy access to the eggs and chicks. Most boxes are suspended outside the cage with doors that open on the side of the box or the top..
The egg laying it's every other day until your clutch is complete. On average, a typical clutch will consist of between 2 to 4 white eggs. The female incubates eggs during 27 to 28 days. Just before hatching, the chickens will make a small hole from the inside of the egg in order to be able to breathe. This will alert the mother of arrival. Some mothers eat the shell to help recover the calcium that is lost while it incubated, However, others completely ignore it.
Once the chicks are hatching, the mother is left with the chick for several weeks until they can produce their own body heat and increased demand for food of baby birds. Until then, the male work tirelessly to ensure the young, the female, and himself, food. This moment of hard tension until that all babies are weaned; approximately 70 days.
FEEDING:
In the wild these birds feed on all kinds of food and it is important that we try to imitate their natural diet. This makes it a healthier bird. From time to time, We must provide palm nuts their beaks are designed to eat the fleshy external parts of these fruits. These dried fruits contain oils and enzymes you require our birds. A base diet of Pellet and seeds also must provide.
They have to be powered also with fresh fruit and vegetables on a daily basis. fruits like oranges, Kiwis, handles, apples, grapes, peaches and Plums they are great accessories for the bird. Many of these fruits can be cut into squares and presented as a skewer of a our Macaw, Since he likes to play with fruit and the sampling of all flavors.
The vegetables as the pumpkin, corn, Carrot, Kale, Spinach, celery and are generally a joy to most parrots. These vegetables can be cut during the dinner and were placed in the refrigerator during the future feed. In this way you will save time. Other healthy items are beans and legumes; although, beans and vegetables always must be cooked before feeding your bird. If a severe Macaw is cared for properly, and feeds with a variety of different foods that are healthy, It can live up to the 45 or 50 years.
Alternative names:
– Chestnut-fronted Macaw, Brazilian Green Macaw, Chestnut fronted Macaw, Severa Macaw, Severe Macaw (English).
– Ara vert, Ara à front châtain, Ara sévère (French).
– Rotbugara (German).
– Maracanã-guacu, anacã, ararica, ararinha, ararinha-de-fronte-castanha, maracanã, maracanã-açu, maracanã-guaçu (Portuguese).
– Guacamaya Cariseca, Guacamayo Severo, Maracaná Grande (español).
– Guacamaya cariseca, Cheja cariseca (Colombia).
– Maracaná (Venezuela).
– Loro arara, Guacamayo frenticastaño (Ecuador).
– Tereche grande, Parabachi, maracaná grande (Bolivia).
– Shivaí (Chimane).
– Maracana Guasu (Guarani).
– Avensó (Embera).
– E-ara (Piaroa).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Venezuelan of information on biological diversity system – Macaw Maracanã (Ara severus)
– Photos:
(1) – Cheatnut-fronted Macaw (Ara severus) at Jungle Island of Miami By DickDaniels (http://carolinabirds.org /) (Own work) [GFDL or CC BY-SA 4.0-3.0-2.5-2.0-1.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – A Chestnut-fronted Macaw stretching leg and wing By Sandysphotos2009 (20100123_187Uploaded by Snowmanradio) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Chestnut-fronted Macaw or Severe Macaw in south Columbia By anthrotect (originally posted to Flickr as [1]) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – A Chestnut-fronted Macaw at Santa Fe Zoo, Medellín, Colombia By Steven (Quueee?Uploaded by Snowmanradio) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – A Chestnut-fronted Macaw at World Parrot Refuge, Coombs, British Columbia, Canada By Herb Neufeld (P1120046Uploaded by snowmanradio) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – A Chestnut-fronted Macaw at Niabi Zoo, Coal Valley, Illinois, USA By Bill & Vicki Tracey from Rochelle, Illinois, usa (At the ZooUploaded by snowmanradio) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – Chestnut-fronted Macaw (also known as Severe Macaw) at at World Parrot Refuge Center, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada By Darlee Byron (Well.. Hello!Uploaded by Snowmanradio) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(8) – Chestnut-fronted Macaw | Maracanã (Ara severus) by Fernando Flores – Flickr
(9) – A Chestnut-fronted Macaw in Miami, Florida, USA. It is probably feral By Don Faulkner (Chestnut-fronted MacawUploaded by snowmanradio) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(10) – Ilustración Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
The bill of the Cuban Parakeet(Psittacara euops) is strong and hooked, presenting the capacity of both the upper and the lower mobility, enabling this psittacine to husk and crush seeds, fruits and nuts discarded by many other birds, thus showing another successful feature of this Psittacara.
Their legs they have a magnificent prehensile capacity that allows them to take incredible poses and hold on to extreme places thanks to a "zygodactyly" arrangement of the fingers by moving two fingers forward, the 2 and 3, and two backwards, the 1 and 4.
Has the head, sides neck and nape green grass with some red feathers scattered, sometimes forming patches. The upperparts and upperwing-coverts grass-green; primaries and secondaries with margins and dark green tips to vane inner; carpal edge with scattered red feathers and bend of wing red. Underwing-coverts with golden brown in the flight feather, small and medium-sized coverts Red and large coverts Yellow olive. The underparts yellowish green with diffusion of color olive, sometimes with scattered red feathers, especially in the throat and/or the thighs. Upper, the tail dark green color with dye olive; by down yellowish brown. The bill color Horn; bare periophthalmic bluish white; irises yellow; legs distant.
The female has more orange in the wings.
Immature has green and red in underwing-coverts, beige color (not red) in carpal edge, irises Gray with scattered red feathers.
They inhabit on Savannah, especially in areas where there are the PalmasCopernicus and Thrinax, at the edges of forests and Lands planted with trees. Although they have also been very modified habitats, such as eucalyptus forests in open field and fragments of forests of Evergreen in sheets of Palma. The species survives only near large extensions of primary forest.
In general, observed in family groups or small flocks, but sometimes in larger groups, hundreds of birds; the Cuban Parakeet, often, mix with the more common and endemic Cuban Parrot (Amazona leucocephala).
Reproduction:
One of the major problems of this kind in the reproduction, It is competition and the finding by the nesting cavities; This psittacine is a small, so their physical advantage over other birds to displace these from cavities or nests is less and they must show greater aggressiveness to be able to expel woodpeckers and even some small birds of prey These cavities that already occupy.
But, in recent studies, It is suggested that in free-living this species has a high degree of selectivity by the height of the Palma in which anidated or for the depth of the nest, still not evident during the stage of formation of couples and nesting strong signs of gregariousness, But if there could be a tendency to prefer nests with a sufficiently narrow entrance opening to enter the couple and hamper the penetration of predators. It also seems that the species in reproduction is more tolerant of other neighboring couples of the same species, than others parrots, but to some degree of alienation, preferring Palmas in which there is only one cavity to have a certain degree of privacy in the rearing of their chicks.
The breeding season It begins in April and usually ends in July. They sometimes build their nests in cavities excavated, originally, by the Cuban Green Woodpecker (Xiphidiopicus percussus).
The number of eggs in the implementation It, in averaged, between three and five. The incubation both members of the couple is done, as well as feeding the young until they leave the nest. Once abandoned the nest, You can see to the immature flying with parents in small camps before the winter season, forming major sides joining them different families.
Formerly persecuted by provoking large damage to crops Orange, coffee and corn.
Distribution:
Species vulnerable to extinction, from an original distribution throughout Cuba and Isle of youth, isolated populations between Yes.
Formerly one of the most common endemic birds in Cuba and in the Isle of youth, old Isle of pines, but now is limited to various strongholds in remote areas of Cuba, including the Zapata Peninsula, the districts around Cienfuegos and the mountains around the city of Trinidad, to the extent Western Centre of the island, and Sierra Maestra at the end of this.
Resident but some seasonal movements (Perhaps altitude) supposedly by the decline of the birds of the mountains of Trinidadin the months of September and October.
Extinct in the Isle of youth from 1913, mainly due to the strong capture for export as bird cage.
The current population, Although comparatively small, Perhaps stable. A small number of captivity out of Cuba, especially in Eastern Europe. The international trade currently it is small.
Today this species is restricted to 16 populations considering that a total of 2800 individuals released, with a number of individuals per population not exceeding, usually, the 100 copies and is considered of greater size the located in the Zapata Swamp live in where is estimated around 800 these birds. Each of these populations are isolated or insulated semi between if, not exceeding groups or sides that make it up, the 30 individuals, with a general tendency to the disappearance of the species in many of the populations, mainly due to the loss of Habitat and illegal catches.
Conservation:
State of conservation ⓘ
Vulnerable ⓘ(UICN)ⓘ
• Red List category of the UICN current: Vulnerable
• Population trend: Decreasing
There are no new data on the evolution of the population of the Cuban Parakeet; But, the species is suspected of have been declining at a moderate pace, mainly as a result of the habitat degradation.
Rounded, a population estimated between 1,500-7,000 mature individuals.
The persecution as a pest of crops, loss of habitat and, in particular, the capture for trade bird cage, They explain the current shortage of copies of Cuban Parakeet (A. Kirkconnell in litt., 2007).
The capture for trade International is now insignificant, with only 10 birds recorded in trade between 1991 and 1995. Another major threat is the loss of nesting trees (Snyder et to the., 2000) as a result of hurricane damage (as the caused in the Zapata Peninsula by the Hurricane Lili in 1996), and the felling of trees for chicks of the Cuban Parrot (Amazona leucocephala) (A. Mitchell in litt., 1998).
Conservation Actions Underway
• Appendix II of CITES.
• Is legally protected.
• They are distributed within the seven environmental reserves, including the important Ciénaga de Zapata National Park (Snyder et to the., 2000).
• A study of the species and an intense public awareness campaign are intended to help establish a management programme effective (Wiley, 1998).
• The programs of ecotourism they have begun in some areas (Snyder et to the., 2000).
• A provision scheme has been started for nest boxes, the plastic boxes are more durable than the facts of sections of the trunk of the Palm (Waugh 2006), but the parakeets prefer those made of natural materials (Anon., 2010).
• A program of reintroduction from the main island of Cuba to the Isle of youth is being developed from the 2004, but the species is generally difficult to breed (parrots 2000-2004; avianweb.com).
Conservation Actions Proposed
• Carry out more Research to determine the ecological requirements of the species and population (Wiley 1998, Snyder et to the., 2000).
• Conserve additional habitat, especially in the areas of nesting (Snyder et to the., 2000).
• Adapt the environmental awareness and protection of nests in situ to local situations (Snyder et to the., 2000).
• Continue a plan for the re-establishment of the species in the Isle of youth (Wiley 1998, Snyder et to the., 2000) through the development and extension of the programme of captive breeding.
"Cuban Parakeet" in captivity:
In captivity, they are very sleepers and somewhat quarrelsome and restless, needing always to be monitored. Non-communicative the issuance of words but very friendly with the person you choose as partner, which will not get rid of some sympathetic evil, almost always tolerated and even grateful.
Sensitive to the changing conditions of the ecosystem that inhabits.
The requirements and difficulties in the reproduction of this species are considerable.
Own this nice bird as pet, Although on the one hand it can be a satisfaction to the owner, on the other hand means to convict individuals of this species not reproduction and populations to lead them to the risk of the extinction.
Alternative names:
– Cuban Parakeet, Cuban Conure, Cuban Paroquet, Red-speckled Conure (English).
– Conure de Cuba, Perriche de Cuba, Perruche de Cuba (French).
– Kubasittich (German).
– Periquito-cubano (Portuguese).
– Aratinga Cubana, Perico, Periquito, Periquito Cubano (español).
– Catey, Perico, Periquito (Cuba).
(1) – Psittacara euops – Cuban parakeet by Ekaterina Chernetsova (Papchinskaya) – Flickr
(2) – Psittacara euops – Cuban parakeet by Ekaterina Chernetsova (Papchinskaya) – Flickr
(3) – Cuban Parakeet, Conure De Cuba, or Aratinga Cubana (Aratinga euops). Two parrots in a tree By dominic sherony (originally posted to Flickr as Cuban Parakeet) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Cuban Parakeets are a rare sight in Cuba, the only place they live in the world by Hank Davis, DNS Board Member – Delaware nature society
(5) – For the Caribbean Conservation Trust in conjunction with the Massachusets Audubon Society – Winged spur imaging
(6) – Deutsch: Psittacara euops Syn: Evopsitta euops & Psittacara chloropterus Syn: Psittacara chloropter bzw. Psittacara euops St. Domingue By Charles Emile Blanchard (1819–1900) (biodiversitylibrary.org) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
20-25 cm.. length and 72 g. of weight.
The Yellow-chevroned parakeet(Brotogeris chiriri) has a plumage, in general, bright green; the underparts They are of a paler green and lower coverts are yellowish-green.
The wings They are of a slightly darker green, with the yellow border, visible when wings remain bent or when the bird is in flight. Their bill, hook-shaped, is orange-brown and legs and feet, pinkish gray. The eye rings They are creamy white and eyes dark browns.
It is intimately related to the Canary-winged Parakeet(Brotogeris versicolurus). In fact, it was considered conspécifica (owned or belonging to the same species) until 1997.
The females sexually dimorphic and are not to be sexed, either surgically or by DNA.
The immature are similar to adults but have the tail shorter and the bill It is a darker brown.
Taxonomic note:
Until 1997, some taxonomists considered the Canary-winged Parakeet and Yellow-chevroned parakeet belonging to the same species. Even though the Yellow-chevroned parakeet It has the same secondary covert yellow feathers that can be seen in the Canary-winged Parakeet – no white in the primary wing feathers.
They are mainly below 1000 m, locally up 2500 meters in a variety of habitats including humid forests, seasonal and coastal, Pantanal, savannah and city parks. reported to 2500 meters in arid areas.
Usually, traveling in flocks; in such small groups as 2 to 4 birds, but they have been observed to 20. They are described as small parrots assets, entertaining to watch.
Reproduction:
Nest usually in the cavities of trees or in tree termite nests. They also form nesting tunnels in dead palm fronds..
Once a nest It has been located and correctly "prepared" by the couple, It is performed the laying, between 4 and 5 eggs. after breeding, the Yellow-chevroned parakeet they form large communal huts until the next breeding season.
Food:
In their natural habitats, feed of seeds (including outbreaks), fruit as berries and figs and flowers. Also consume nectar, insects and their larvae. Often they are seen visiting barreiros (areas where there is soil rich in minerals) and the banks of the rivers to feed on the soil.
Distribution:
Size of its range (breeding/resident ): 5,670,000 km2
Distributed inside East Brazil to the East of Bolivia, Paraguay and North of Argentina, in Formosa, Chaco, Missions and North of Currents. Introduced populations in Miami, Florida and California.
Distribution 2 subspecies:
Brotogeris chiriri behni
(Neumann, 1931) – Center of Bolivia to the Northwest of Argentina, in Salta.
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.
• Population trend: Stable.
Rationale for the Red List category
This species has a extremely large range and, therefore, it does not approach the thresholds of vulnerability under the criteria of size range (Extension <20,000 km2 combinada con un tamaño de rango decreciente o fluctuante, extensión / calidad de hábitat o tamaño de población y un pequeño número De lugares o fragmentación severa). La demographic trend appears to be stable and, therefore, the species does not approach the thresholds Vulnerable under the criteria of population trend (> 30% decline over ten years or three generations). The population size has not been quantified, but it is not believed to be close to the thresholds for Vulnerable under the criterion of population size (<10.000 individuos maduros con un descenso continuo estimado> 10% in ten years or three generations or a population structure). For these reasons the species is evaluated as the least concern.
Justification of the population
The size of the world's population has not been quantified, but this species is described as «quite common» (Stotz et to the., 1996).
Justification of trend
They suspected that the population is stable in absence of evidence of any decline or threatens substantial.
"Yellow-chevroned parakeet" in captivity:
Today is Rare.
Since the late sixties to mid-seventies, more than 260.000 these were parakeets imported from South America for the pet trade. At that moment, the Yellow-chevroned parakeet It was the most imported parrot. They settled in California (Los Angeles, San Francisco) self-sustaining populations Yellow-chevroned parakeet released or escapes; populations also in Florida (Miami), as well as Connecticut and New York City.
The Chirirí Kitten appears to be better suited to its adopted habitat than its closely related cousin., the the Canary-winged Parakeet(Brotogeris versicolurus).
The Canary-winged Parakeet It has declined considerably since the early 80, while the Yellow-chevroned parakeet It has established itself in different habitats.
In 2002, the population of Yellow-chevroned parakeet in the area of Los Angeles, California It was estimated at 400 individuals. In the Florida, They have prospered more than any other place in the United States – there have been huge flocks, several hundred of them. The species is also quite established in the city center Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, which he was also introduced.
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Photos:
(1) – A Yellow-chevroned Parakeet in Sarutaiá, Sao Paulo, Brazil By Dario Sanches [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – A pet Yellow-chevroned Parakeet By Wagner Machado Carlos Lemes from Goiânia, Brazil [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – A Yellow-chevroned Parakeet perching in a tree By Paulo Barradas (Brotogeris chiririUploaded by Sno whom You nradio) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – A Yellow-chevroned Parakeet in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil By Delcio Gonçalves from Goiânia, Brazil (A corn diferenteUploaded by Snowmanradio) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Parakeet yellow meeting. Photo taken in the hinterlands of the Sucuriú River By Deusdedith de Souza Alves Filho DehAlves (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Yellow-chevroned Parakeet (Brotogeris chiriri)(Left) and Peach-fronted Parakeet (Aratinga aurea)(Right) on Combretum flowers By Bernard DUPONT from FRANCE [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – A Yellow-chevroned Parakeet in Brazil By Alastair Rae (Flickr: Yellow-chevroned Parakeet) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(8) – A Yellow-chevroned Parakeet in Bonito, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. It is perching on the stem of a mango, which it has been eating By Alexandre Pereira [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(9) – A Yellow-chevroned Parakeet on Erythrina velutina By Derek Keats from Johannesburg, South Africa (… on Erythrina velutina) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
Origin: Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica
Character: Social
Life expectancy: More than 30 years.
Height: 35,5-38 cm..
Content
Description:
35,5-38 cm.. length and 480 g. of weight.
The Yellow-naped Parrot(Amazona auropalliata) It has a large size; their forecrown and front of the crown, usually, pale bluish green, sometimes with narrow frontal band yellow that extends to the front of the crown.
back of the crown pale bluish green; lores, cheeks and sides neck, green; nape with broad golden-yellow ban. Upperparts green with some feathers in the the mantle and in the back with blackish edges; rump and uppertail-coverts slightly brighter than the rest of the upperparts. The wing-coverts green but more emerald than upper body; feathers yellow feathers on leading edge of wing
in some birds. Outerwebs of the four outer secondaries, bright red as speculum; primaries and secondaries violet blue outerweb and towards tips. Under, the wings are green. Underparts pale green with a slight bluish tinge throat.
Tail green with a wide terminal band brighter yellowish green, red at the base with outerweb of the outer feathers, blue. Bill blue, black tip; bare periophthalmic grey; irises orange; legs grey.
Both sexes are similar. The immature has the nape green with yellow feathers appearing at end of first year; irises brown.
Yellow-naped Parrot sound.
Description 3 subspecies:
Birds of Bay islands often they treated as parvipes, not as caribaea. Some copies of Guatemalan Pacific show forecrown yellow, but apparently not consistent racial difference.
(Lousada, 1989) – Similar to the subespecie parvipes but with olive below and bill paler colored horn (especially lower jaw). usually adults patch yellow triangular in front of the crown. Young birds show little yellow in the head wave nape.
Amazona auropalliata parvipes
(Monroe,BL Jr & Howell,TR, 1966) – Less than nominal species, with red feathers on the curve wing
, otherwise similar.
The Yellow-naped Parrot inhabits semiarid forests, arid scrubland and savannas (including those of Pinus), openings in deciduous tropical forests and swamps peaceful, evergreen gallery forests and, sometimes, second growth in agricultural areas. Observed to 600 metres in Guatemala and a 700 metres in Honduras. Usually in pairs or small groups, sometimes in larger meetings, but the decline of the population may now obscures large flocks in some areas. They meet at communal roosts.
Reproduction:
Monógama; It maintains the union of couples throughout the year. It nests in natural cavities in trees, such as holes in old trunks or dead, including pines Nicaragua and Bay islands. breeding season in February Oaxaca and El Salvador; March Roatan. Clutch 2-3 eggs.
In captivity cycle nesting of the Yellow-naped Parrot complete with 29 days of incubation eggs, followed by two months increase of the young in the nest.
Size of its range (breeding/resident): 580.000 km2
The Yellow-naped Parrot It is confined to Central America. They are distributed in the lowlands Eastern Pacific of Mexico (Oaxaca and Chiapas), Guatemala (a sample taken in Petén but his status there is uncertain), El Salvador (arid lowland tropical zone), Honduras and Nicaragua, to the Northwest of Costa Rica from the south end of Gulf of Nicoya northward. They can also be seen in the Caribbean slope of Honduras and in the Mosquito Coast from Honduras, as well as in the neighboring area of northeast Nicaragua. found in Roatan and Guanaja, in the Bay islands but absent in Utila.
Resident. Apparently uncommon in Oaxaca and rare and declining in Costa Rica. Birds observed in the Sula Valley, Honduras, previously attributed to this species but now included within the species Yellow-headed Parrot.
Formerly common and locally abundant, but probably now declining throughout its entire range due to conversion of habitat for agricultural uses and its capture for trade local and international. Not yet considered endangered, but its long-term status is uncertain if its population decline continues.
Although Guanaja reasonable numbers remain, the species inhabiting the Bay islands (caribaea), It is in serious decline due to capture for export (practically 100% of hatchlings are caught each year); also at risk from tourism development, especially in Roatan.
Distribution 3 subspecies:
Amazona auropalliata auropalliata
(Lesson,PA, 1842) – Nominal. Pacific Coast of Central America, from Oaxaca, Mexico, to the Northwest of Costa Rica.
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Vulnerable.
• Population trend: Decreasing.
• Population size : 20000-49999.
Rationale for the Red List category
This species has been uploaded to Vulnerable because information on levels exploitation and habitat loss, and trends of the local population, They suggest that the species is suffering at least one rapid population decline. In fact, the rate of decline can be very rapid; However, Additional data are needed to confirm this, in which case the species may qualify for elevation In danger of extinction.
Justification of the population
Partners in Flight estimated that the population in number of less than 50.000 individuals (A. Punjabi in some. 2008), so it is placed in the band 20.000 to 49.999 individuals on freedom.
Justification of trend
It is suspected that the population is in rapid decline due to the continuous habitat destruction and unsustainable levels of hunting, a suspicion that is supported by the observations of trends of the local population.
Conservation Actions Underway
• CITES Appendix I (Endangered species, which they are or may be affected by international trade. Only trade in the species is authorized in the Appendix I in exceptional circumstances, and it must not have a primarily commercial purpose.)
• The species occurs in a number of protected areas.
• Efforts have been made to obtain an area of 4.000 hectares east of Monterrico on Pacific coast of Guatemala declared as protected area (C. Muccio in some . 2011).
• The species has been the subject of a number of local studies, some ongoing, aimed at gathering information on population trends and threats.
• The extent of exploitation of wildlife for the trade It has been highlighted by the local media, for example in Honduras ( by O. Andino in some . 2011).
Conservation Actions Proposed
• Carry out surveys coordinated through the range of the species to quantify the Total population size.
• Monitor the demographic trends through regular surveys.
• Monitor harvest rates for the trade through regular surveys of the local population and officials.
• Monitor rates of loss and degradation of habitat throughout the range of the species.
• Accomplish awareness activities to reduce exploitation.
• Increase the area of suitable habitat that receives effective protection..
The Yellow-naped Parrot in captivity:
The populations of the Amazon nuquigualda have suffered strong pressure by national and international trade (Ridgely, 1981, Iñigo- Elias and Ramos, 1992). There is now an illegal heavy traffic this species, both for domestic and international trade, Parrot's being seized in the Mexico-Texas border, with 648 copies confiscated during 1990-1993 (Gobbi, et to the., 1996).
protected by CITES Appendix I species (Endangered species, which they are or may be affected by international trade. Only trade in the species included in Appendix I authorized in exceptional circumstances, and it must not have a primarily commercial purpose.)
Each captive specimen of this species which is capable of reproducing, must be placed in a well-managed captive breeding program and not sold as a pet, in order to ensure its long-term survival.
Alternative names:
– Yellow naped Parrot, Yellow-naped Amazon, Yellow-naped Parrot, Yellow-naped Parrot (incl. ssp. caribaea, parvipes), (English).
– Amazone à nuque d’or, Amazone à nuque jaune, Amazone verte à nuque jaune (French).
– Gelbnackenamazone (German).
– Papagaio-de-nuca-amarela (Portuguese).
– Amazona nuquigualda, Lora de Nacu Amarilla, Lora de nuca amarilla, Lora nuca amarilla, Loro Nuca Amarilla, loro nuca-amarilla, Loro Nuquiamarillo (español).
– Lora de nuca amarilla (Costa Rica).
– Lora nuca amarilla (Honduras).
– loro nuca amarilla, loro nuca-amarilla, Loro Nuquiamarillo (Mexico).
– Loro Nuquiamarillo (Nicaragua).
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