birds

▷ The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

Imperial Parrot
Amazona imperialis

Origin: Dominica
Character: Social
Life expectancy: ----
Height: 45 cm..

Imperial Parrot

Content

Description:


Anatomy-parrots

The largest gender Amazona, measuring up 45 cm.. length.

The Imperial Parrot (Amazona imperialis) has the lores and forecrown, deep purple; cheeks and ear-coverts, brown; crown purple with dark emerald edges; sides neck and nape, deep purple with black tips, sometimes with a subterminal band emerald.

Mantle, back and scapulars, green bluish tipped pens some. Wing coverts green with scarlet at bend of wing. Primaries dark brown-black with green at the base of the outerweb; outer secondaries purple with a patch crimson in color outerweb, forming a speculum; inner secondary dark green tipped blue.

Imperial Parrot

Under wings green, coverts with blue tips. Throat, chest and belly, deep purple with black tips; some feathers (especially in the chest) show the subterminal band pinkish-vinous or olive-green, while others (visible from certain angles) bright blue sides and ends; the thighs and sides belly green with blue tips; undertail-coverts green with blue markings and vinous. Tail green at the base with a subterminal band dull reddish-brown and vinous tip. Bill dark horn, paler at the base; irises orange; legs dark gray.

The female is paler. The immature It has green on crown, the nape and lower cheeks.

  • Sound of the Imperial Parrot.

Habitat:

Video "Imperial Parrot"
First Captive-bred Imperial Parrot (Amazona imperialis)
Watch this video on YouTube.

The Imperial Parrot frequents the canopy of primary rainforest mountain, sometimes dwarf forests (above 1.200 m), preferring areas with mature trees Dacryodes excelsa and palms as Euterpe dominicana.
Mainly they distributed in altitudes of 600-1300 m, but reports at altitudes 150-300 meters when birds fall in response to food shortages or food preferences. The communal roosts They form in traditional sites, for example in large trees Dacryodes or Sloanea berteriana, They are using one year to another (but not necessarily throughout the year.

Reproduction:

Nest in holes in high forest trees, for example Dacryodes or Sloanea. The nesting territory, probably defended throughout the year. Breeding season usually occurs during the dry season between February June, when resources are more abundant. Clutch two eggs. Possibly they breed only every two years, with one calf usually per clutch.

Food:

Foods reported include fruits of Dacryodes, Licania ternatensis, Richeria grandis, Amanoa caribaea, Simarouba amara, Symphonia giobulifera, Pouteria pallida, Tapura antillana, flowers and fruits of Chimarrhis cymosa, nuts and sprouts young palms Euterpe. Usually it is fed in the morning and evening.

Distribution and status:

Size of its range (breeding/resident): 240 km2

The Imperial Parrot It is endemic to the Dominica Island in the Lesser Antilles. Formerly she lived in the central highlands around Morne Diablotin (1.447 m, the highest mountain in Dominica) in the North of Morne Anglais, in the South. In 1950 It was reduced to two disjoint forest areas, about Morne Diablotin and around Morne Anglais, where the last reliable sight was in 1983. In Morne Diablotin, per se, birds found in increasing altitudes due to habitat loss and alteration on the lower slopes. Probably now absent on the south side, with the northwest side, particularly in the upper valley of Picard River, in the area of Morne Plaisance and Dyer Estates, being of critical importance.

Resident. Early observers believed that the Imperial Parrot It was scarce. further investigation (1870) revealed that it was common to abundant, but the numbers dwindled rapidly due to the loss of habitat, hunting and capture for the pet trade. The census 1975 He suggested a total of 150-250 birds. In 1979, only 16 in Morne Anglais, when a hurricane further reduced the population. In 1987 a survey estimated the total population to 60 specimens. One census 1990 He suggested 80 parrots (possibly, but less than 100), with 80-100 estimated 1993. The species is at serious risk of loss of habitat (mainly due to the conversion of forest tree crop plantations, especially bananas, provided by the new infrastructure) and impacts of hurricanes (to which birds are highly vulnerable in such a restricted range) that destroy food plants and nesting sites. Hunting and gathering for local pet markets have significantly decreased thanks to a Program successful conservation education. Foreign collectors birds remain a persistent threat, but birds are extremely rare in captivity locally or in international trade. Part habitat is protected in the North Forest Reserve, but the important neighboring areas are excluded and remain at risk. Completely protected by national legislation. CITES Appendix I.

Conservation:

State of conservation ⓘ

Endangered Endangered ⓘ (UICN)ⓘ

• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: In danger of extinction.

• Population trend: Increasing.

• Population size: 160-240

Rationale for the Red List category

Conservation action in recent 30 years has improved the situation of this species. Numbers have increased in recent years, but they can still only stay 250 mature individuals, calling the species as endangered. If the population continues to increase, It will be finally reduced to Vulnerable unless there is concomitant decreases in available habitat.

Justification of the population

The population is estimated at 250-350 individuals in total, approximately equivalent to 160-240 mature individuals (PR Reillo in a bit., 2012).

Justification of trend

No new data on demographic trends, but it is suspected that the species continues to increase at a rate not quantified due to conservation efforts.

Threats

A combination of habitat loss (mainly conversion to plantations, especially bananas (Snyder et to the., 2000) , and hurricane-related damage), It hunting for food and capture for the cage bird trade, They have been the main reasons for the decline of this species to 1990 (PR Reillo in some). Local trade has been considerably reduced, if not eliminated, as a result of a successful education program, but foreign collectors birds may pose a threat (Snyder et to the., 2000). The competition for nesting sites of the largest Red-necked Parrot (Amazona arausiaca) presumably it will be more significant as the lowland forest is lost and the two species are increasingly putting contact (Ministry of Agriculture and Environment of Dominica 2000).

Conservation Actions Underway

Appendices I and II of CITES. It is protected by national legislation. In recent years, They have made considerable efforts to protect adequate habitat and sensitize local citizens to their needs. Successful education programs for conservation have significantly reduced local trade. It is protected in all national parks, Forest Reserve in North and Central Forest Reserve, but important areas adjacent to these reserves remain unprotected (Ministry of Agriculture and Environment of Dominica 2000, Snyder et to the., 2000). An area 33 km 2 of North Forest Reserve it has been designated as Morne Diablotin National Park (Collar (1997to, Wiley et al 2007) . It is also present in small amounts in the Morne Trois Pitons National Park (Reillo 2001, Wiley et al., 2007) . In 2011 reports of the first captive breeding of the species were published (Reillo et al., 2011).

Conservation Actions Proposed

Monitor the population. Continue the implementation of the protection of National Parks Morne Diablotin and Morne Trois Pitons and Forest Reserves North and Central. Study the ecology of this species and the factors that affect its status (including interspecific competition) (Ministry of Agriculture and Environment of Dominica 2000, Zamora y Durand 1998, Wiley et al 2007) . Continue prohibiting trade in this species, exports for captive breeding and importation of non-native psittachines as pets in Dominica (PR Reillo in some. 2012).

The Imperial Parrot captive:

Completely protected by national legislation. CITES Appendix I.

Each captive specimen of this species which is capable of reproducing, It is placed in a well-managed program captive breeding and not be sold as a pet, with the objective of ensure their survival long-term.

Alternative names:

– August Parrot, Dominican Amazon, Dominican Parrot, Imperial Amazon, Imperial Parrot (English).
– Amazone de Bouquet, Amazone de la Dominique, Amazone impériale, Amazone sisserou (French).
– Kaiseramazone (German).
– Papagaio-imperial (Portuguese).
– Amazona Imperial (español).

Charles Wallace Richmond

scientific classification:


– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittacidae
– Genus: Amazona
– Scientific name: Amazona imperialis
– Citation: Charles Wallace Richmond (American ornithologist), 1899
– Protonimo: Amazona imperialis


Images Imperial Parrot:
Parrots in the world

Species of the genus Amazona


Sources:

Avibase
Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
Birdlife

Photos:

(1) – Imperial Amazon (also known as the Imperial Parrot and Sisserou Parrot) at the Parrot Conservation and Research Centre Botanical Gardens, Roseau, Dominica By Amazona_imperialis_-Roseau_-Dominica_-aviary-6a.jpg: Andrew Szymanskiderivative work: Snowmanradio [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Amazona imperialis By David William Mitchell (1813–1859) (The Genera of Birds. Volume 2) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

Sounds: Jesse Fagan, XC188165. accessible Sound of Imperial Amazon

▷ The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

Red-crowned Parakeet
Pyrrhura roseifrons

Origin: Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, Bolivia
Character: Social
Life expectancy: 25 years
Height: 22 cm..

Red-crowned Parakeet

Content

Description:


Anatomy-parrots

22 cm.. in length and a weight ranging from 54 and 70 g..

The Red-crowned Parakeet (Pyrrhura roseifrons) has the head pinkish red. The neck and the area of ​​the upper chest They are dark with whitish scales. The bill is black. The tail and the central area of belly They are red. The tip of his tail It is dark red. The wings they are blue. Orbital ring dark gray bordered by a yellowish white. the legs are grey.

The immature It has reddish forehead and dark tones in the rest of the head. The pinkish red head in adults it is distinctive. Losl youth They may resemble subspecies Pyrrhura roseifrons peruviana or the Deville's Parakeet (Pyrrhura lucianii), but it lacks of the ear-coverts pale.

  • Sound of the Red-crowned Parakeet.

Description 4 subspecies

  • Pyrrhura roseifrons dilutissima

    (Arndt, 2008) – Blue restricted to a narrow strip on the forecrown; yellowish beige in ear-coverts; upper region chest pale brown festooned with pale yellowish beige.

  • Pyrrhura roseifrons roseifrons

    (Gray,GR, 1859) – Nominal. –

  • Pyrrhura roseifrons parvifrons

    (Arndt, 2008) – It looks like the Pyrrhura roseifrons peruviana, but with blue, rather than red, on forecrown.

  • Pyrrhura roseifrons peruviana

    (Hocking, Blake & Joseph, 2002) – 22 cm., length. Absent in his bright red plumage, It has more dark brown in crown and the area eyes, the crown with bluish.

Habitat:

They mostly live in small groups of a dozen members and remain in pairs during the breeding period. breeding. They lead a life Nomad, little little is known about the behavior of this species in the wild.

Reproduction:

build their nest in tree cavities. The laying is of 5 to 7 eggs incubated by both parents for 26 days (captive breeding data). The pups remain in the nest 2 months, becoming independent at the age of 3 months.

Food:

It feeds on fruits, seeds, leaves and flowers.

Distribution:

Size of its range (reproduction / residents): 1.000.000 km2

It is located in the west of the Amazonia, from the state amazon about the Juruá, in Brazil, and the lowlands of eastern Peru in the North of Bolivia. In Brazil, They spread south and west of habitat Deville's Parakeet (Pyrrhura lucianii)–

Distribution 4 subspecies

  • Pyrrhura roseifrons dilutissima

    (Arndt, 2008) – Center of Peru around the rio Ene at the confluence with the rio Quipachiari, and around Hacienda Louisiana, on Cordillera Vilcabamba.

  • Pyrrhura roseifrons roseifrons

    (Gray,GR, 1859) – Nominal. – Amazonia occidental, to the South of the amazon, from the North of Peru South to North of Bolivia (Peace) and in the West of Brazil (Western Amazon).

  • Pyrrhura roseifrons parvifrons

    (Arndt, 2008) – Two disjoint regions in northern Peru; in the East of San Martin and adjacent areas, Center west Loreto, and along the amazon in the northeast of Loreto (only on the southern shore of amazon).

  • Pyrrhura roseifrons peruviana

    (Hocking, Blake & Joseph, 2002) – Foothills of Andes in the southeast of Ecuador (Morona-Santiago) and North of Peru (Amazon and Loreto Western)

Conservation:

State of conservation ⓘ

minor concern Minor Concern ⓘ (UICN)ⓘ

• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.

• Population trend: Decreasing.

• Population size : Unknown.

Justification of the Red List of the Category

This species has a very large range, and therefore does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion (extent of occurrence <20.000 km2 combinan con un tamaño gama disminución o fluctuante, hábitat medida / calidad, o de la población tamaño y un pequeño número de localidades o fragmentación severa). A pesar de que la tendencia de la población parece estar disminuyendo, el descenso no se cree que es suficientemente rápido como para acercarse a los umbrales para Vulnerables según el criterio tendencia de la población (> 30% decrease of more than ten years or three generations). The population size It has not been quantified, but is not believed to be a reason to approach the thresholds for Vulnerable based on population size criteria (<10.000 individuos maduros con una disminución continua estima en> 10% in ten years or three generations, or a specific population structure). For these reasons, the species is evaluated as Least concern.

Justification of the population

Recent world population is unknown given taxonomic divisions.

Justification trend

This species is suspected that there may be lost 7,0-7,3% of habitat within its distribution over three generations (18 years) based on a model of deforestation of the Amazon (Soares-Filho et to the. 2006, Bird et to the. 2011). Given the susceptibility of this species to hunting and / or entrapment, it is suspected that its population can decrease <25% en tres generaciones.

"Red-crowned Parakeet" in captivity:

little presence in captivity and found only in some aviaries, where however they reproduce very well. After acclimation is a strong bird that can live outdoors. It is a bird suspicious although curious and playful nature, especially if they feel safe. Young birds in captivity quickly lose their fear and are very attached to their caregivers. It´s noisy, especially in the morning and sleeps in the nest. The female is very aggressive during the breeding period with other birds..

Alternative names:

– Red-crowned Parakeet, Rose-fronted Parakeet, Rose-fronted Parakeet (Rose-fronted) (English).
– Conure à calotte rouge, Conure rougissante (French).
– Rotscheitelsittich (German).
– Tiriba-de-cabeça-vermelha (Portuguese).
– Cotorra frentirrosa, Perico de Frente Rosada (español).

scientific classification:

– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittacidae
– Genus: Pyrrhura
– Scientific name: Pyrrhura roseifrons
– Citation: (Gray, GR, 1859)
– Protonimo: Conurus roseifrons

Images Red-crowned Parakeet:

Videos "Red-crowned Parakeet"

Parrots in the world

Especies del género Pyrrhura

Red-crowned Parakeet (Pyrrhura roseifrons)


Sources:

– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife

– Photos:

(1) – Painted Parakeet (Pyrrhura picta) – the subspecies on this photo, roseifrons, is now often considered a separate species, the Rose-fronted Parakeet (Pyrrhura roseifrons) By http://www.birdphotos.com (http://www.birdphotos.com) [CC BY 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons

– Sounds: Micah Riegner, XC208597. accessible www.xeno-canto.org/208597

▷ The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

Naretha Bluebonnet
Northiella narethae

Origin: Australia
Character: Social
Life expectancy: 15 years
Height: 28 cm.

Content


Anatomy-parrots

Description:

The Naretha Bluebonnet (Northiella narethae) It is smaller than Bluebonnet (Northiella haematogaster), of about 28 cm. long.

The legs and feet are dark gray, and the irises is dark brown.

The adult male has a two tonal facial pattern forecrown lighter green-blue, the ears and the area above the eye in contrast to the rest of the face which is purple-blue. The head, the neck forward and breast are marked with pale steaks and diffuse spots.. The back It is olive gray. The belly, the area of the vent and the thighs are uniform yellow, while red is limited to the area of ​​the undertail-coverts. The lesser wing coverts are blue and outer median wing coverts red, while the inner median and greater wing coverts, and inner secondary a yellow-olive colour. The central feathers of the tail are tinged with pale blue..

The female adult has a duller blue color in forecrown, and a reduced color on wings and tail, and with no tint of orange on the belly. It is smaller overall, at around 26 cm length.

The chicks they have a bill yellow and gain their adult plumage in the first post moves to bloom (three to four months old).

taxonomy:

the species Northiella narethae It was formerly classified as a subspecies (Northiella haematogaster narethe) of the Northiella haematogaster. A molecular study published in 2015 by Gaynor Dolman and Leo Joseph He confirmed the genetic isolation Naretha Bluebonnet (Northiella narethae) and recommended that it was restored as a separate species.

Habitat:

Arid and semiarid scrub and farmland, thickets mulga, weeds and dry forests open.

Reproduction:

It is heavily influenced by rainfall and food availability, but usually peaks between August and January.

The usual site nesting It is a very small cavity tree, particularly attracted to she-oaks providing appropriate holes for nesting, often near the ground, coated shavings and wood dust rotten. The female incubates the eggs but is cared for by the male who also contributes to raising the young..

Four to seven white eggs round (23mm x 19mm). Time of incubation: 22 days. The young usually leave the nest around the 30 days.

Food:

Seeds of various grasses and herbaceous plants (autochthonous), also nectar, flowers and various fruits.

Distribution:

Reports indicate that Naretha Bluebonnet They have been common in the arid region Nullarbor, and they have become more rare in the twentieth century. It is believed that localized individuals range makes the species highly endemic in an area on the border between Western Australia and Southern Australia.

Conservation:

We know the conservation status of this species, although probably in risk status.

"Naretha Bluebonnet" in captivity:

No data.

Alternative names:

– Bluebonnet (Naretha), Little Bluebonnet, Naretha Bluebonnet (English).
– Perruche à bonnet bleu (narethae), Perruche de Nareth, Perruche petite (French).
– (German).
– (Portuguese).
– Perico Cariazul Naretha (español).

Images "Naretha Bluebonnet"

scientific classification:

– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittaculidae
– Gender: Northiella
– Scientific name: Northiella narethae
– Subpoena: (White, HL, 1921
– Protonimo: Psephotus narethae

Sources:

• Avibase
• Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
• Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
• Birdlife

Photos:

(1) – Penochka Birds: Parrots (Psittacidae) – Source

▷ The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

Flores Lorikeet
Trichoglossus weberi

Origin: Indonesian
Character: Social
Life expectancy: ---
Height: 25 cm..

Flores Lorikeet

Content

Flores Lorikeet

Description Lori Flores:

25 cm. length and 100-150 g. of weight.

The Flores Lorikeet (Trichoglossus weberi) is generally Green; light green / blue stripes on the forecrown and lores, the rest of the head with brighter green stripes; underwing-coverts yellow / green. The chest and the thighs are yellowish or reddish. The bill It is orange-red and irises orange-red. The legs son grises. Smaller size than other species Trichoglossus.

The youth they are similar to adults.

    taxonomy:

Sometimes you think you're closer Olive headed Lorikeet (Trichoglossus euteles). With one exception, so far it has been treated as a subspecies within the complex Coconut Lorikeet (Trichoglossus haematodus), but differs in its chest rather pale green; abdominal patch medium green; head dark green with streaks of bright green; small size (less than a Scarlet-breasted Lorikeet (Trichoglossus forsteni) relatively small). Monotypic.

  • Sound of the Flores Lorikeet. (1)

(1) Some species are under extreme pressure because of traps and harassment. The open availability of high-quality recordings of these species may make the problems even worse.. For this reason, transmission and download of these recordings is off. Recorders are free to share in xeno-edge, but they will have to approve access to these recordings.

Habitat:

It's more common in the lowlands, but it is up 2400 meters above sea level. Wide variety of areas including settlements, forests, coconut plantations, Savanna, eucalyptus forests and mangroves.

It is found in mixed flocks with other parrots; small and noisy groups. Nomads, since they depend on flowering trees. It perches communally in groups of hundreds of birds.

Reproduction:

Birds have been recorded in conditions reproduction in June and is reported reproduction between February and August (White and Bruce 1986, Reeve y Rabenak 2016).

It will nest on the ground in some of the predator-free islands.

Food:

It feeds mainly from nectar, but also feeds on figs, insects and can be found around artificial feeding stations.

Distribution:

Extension of the distribution (breeding/resident): 25.500 km2

The Lori Flores are endemic to the flower island, Indonesian, where it is described as common (pit et to the. 1997).

Conservation Lori Flores:


Near-threatened

1. Current red list category of the UICN: Near-threatened.

2. The population trend: Decreasing.

3. Population size : 10000-19999 individuals.

    Rationale for the Red List category

It is believed that this species has recently split a moderately small population (approaching 10.000 mature individuals), forming one subpopulation, inferring that is suffering moderately rapid decreases due to the pressure of capture and loss of habitat. So, It has been classified as Near threatened, but more information on population size, trends and threats can lead to a reassessment of their status.

    Justification of the population

It is believed that the population of Flores Lorikeet It is moderately small (that is to say, approaching 10.000 mature individuals).

    Justification trend

They suspected that the population is declining due to loss of habitat and unsustainable levels of exploitation.

    Threats

The habitat destruction through the combined impacts of firewood collection, commercial logging, timber extraction for construction materials and clearance for agriculture may represent the most relevant threat.

The loss and fragmentation of forests It is already extensive in Flowers, where no semi-permanent forest below the 1.000 meters is included within the protected areas published in the Official Gazette. These threats are exacerbated by the expansion of human population, with large volumes of wood needed for housing construction, and the fact that the application of the laws by the government is little or no.

The moist deciduous forest is being cleared extensively through land grabbing and the establishment of agricultural areas, a factor that is inevitably reducing the range and population of this species. Forest clearing continues in the coastal belt to make way for crops, and illegal logging continues in protected areas.

It is presumed that the capture for trade in wild birds It represents an additional threat, as for other subspecies of the complex (Trichoglossus haemotodus).

Conservation actions and research in progress

Appendix II of the CITES. CMS Appendix II. It has been recorded in the Mbeliling Forest Reserve (Reeve y Rabenak 2016).

Proposed Research and Conservation Actions

1 – Estimate the population and assess population trends and scale of the pressure catch.

2- Conduct a species-specific study to identify important sites, in order to provide protection.

3- Carry out research on their status and habitat use (with special attention to feeding ecology and forest fragmentation) so that long-term management of the species facilitate.

4- Monitor trade to investigate whether this represents a significant threat.

5- Initiate campaigns sensitization to get the support of local people in forest protection.

In captivity:

In captivity it is kind enough rare de lori. He was raised for the first time Great Britain, in 1969, in Germany in 1984.

Because of its endangered status, Any suitable specimen can not be released back into their natural habitat (native range) It should preferably be placed in a breeding program well managed to ensure the continued survival of this species.

Alternative names

– Flores Island rainbow lory, Flores Lorikeet, Leaf Lorikeet, Rainbow Lorikeet (Leaf) (English).
– Loriquet à tête bleue (Weber), Loriquet à tête bleue (weberi), Loriquet de Flores, Loriquet de Weber (French).
– Flores Blauwangenallfarblori, Flores-Allfarblori, Webers Lori (German).
– Periquito-arco-íris (weberi) (Portuguese).
– Lori de Flores, Lori Arcoiris (weberi) (español).

scientific classification:

– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittaculidae
– Gender: Trichoglossus
– Scientific name: Trichoglossus weberi
– Subpoena: (Buttikofer, 1894)
– Protonimo: Psitteuteles weber

"Lori de Flores" images:

Lori-de-Flores-(5)
Lori-de-Flores-(4)
Lori-de-Flores-(3)
Lori-de-Flores-(2)

Videos "Flores Lorikeet"

«Lori de Flores» (Trichoglossus weberi)


    Sources:

    1. Avibase
    2. Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
    3. Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
    4. Birdlife

    Photos:

    (1) – Flores Lorikeet, Trichoglossus (haematodus) weberi, at New Port Aquarium, Cincinnati, USA by derivative work: Snowmanradio (talk)Trichoglossus_haematodus_weberi_-New_Port_Aquarium-8.jpg: Serge Melki [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
    (2) – Weber’s Lorikeets (Trichoglossus haematodus weberi) at Newport Aquarium by Ltshears [CC BY-SA 3.0 or GFDL], from Wikimedia Commons
    (3) – Fig. 1: Flores Lorikeet (Trichoglossus = Psitteuteles Weber Weber)
    Fig. 2: Olive-headed Lorikeet (Trichoglossus euteles = Psitteuteles euteles) by A Weber’s lorikeet (Trichoglossus weberi) at the Jerusalem Biblical Zoo by SuperJew [CC BY-SA 4.0], from Wikimedia Commons
    (4) – Trichoglossus haematodus weberi Buttikofer, 1894 bt Huub Veldhuijzen van Zanten / Naturalis Biodiversity Center [CC BY-SA 3.0]

    (5) – Weber’s lorikeet, Picture taken at Loro Parque in Puerto de la Cruz / Tenerife by Dominik Deobald – Flickr
    (6) – Johann Buttikofer [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

    – Sounds: Raf Floats, XC350575. accessible www.xeno-canto.org/350575

▷ The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

Red-eared Parakeet
Pyrrhura hoematotis

Origin: Venezuela
Character: Intelligent and active
Life expectancy: 10 to 15 years
Height: 25 cm..

Cotorra Colirroja

Content

Red-eared Parakeet

Description:

25 cm.. height.

The Red-eared Parakeet (Pyrrhura hoematotis) It is distinguishable by the Brown of the forecrown with edges bluish to them feathers; cheeks green; crown and feathers of nape Green with tips more pale and yellowish. The upperparts green. Primary coverts and maybe some feathers in the area of the carpus, blue; other coverts green. Primaries Blue with black tips. Under wings with the lesser coverts green, the others coverts black. Throat and chest Brown olive with tones dark; margins to some feathers create a pattern squamous; sides neck also with effect squamous; belly and undertail-coverts Green with a patch Brown mal-definido in the center of the belly. Upper, the tail of color brown with tips from color olive; undertail, of color copper. Bill of color bone pink; Iris and legs brown.

Both of them sexes are similar. Immature not described.

Description 2 subspecies:

  • Pyrrhura hoematotis hoematotis

    (Souance, 1857) – Nominal.


  • Pyrrhura hoematotis immarginata

    (Zimmer & Phelps, 1944) – It has a narrow red line above the bill. What nominal but chest and sides of neck more green and with a pickling less obvious. Not there are tips yellowish in the feathers of the crown and nape.

Habitat:

They inhabit in montane and cloud forests with open areas and trees of low dispersion, often at the edge or in clear, mainly in altitudes of 1.000-2.000 m, Although there are report of the species at altitudes between 600 and 2.400 m. It is estimated that he performs altitudinal migrations. Gregaria, mainly seen in groups of 3-12 outside the breeding season, rarely in flocks of up to 100 individuals.

Reproduction:

Probably it breeding season be in the month of August (rainy season).

Food:

Poorly documented diet and breeding: the food known include guava (Psidium) and petioles some leafy trees, possibly to extract larvae of insects.

Distribution:

Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 14.300 km2

To the Red-eared Parakeet is known only in the coastal mountains north of Venezuela, with the westernmost record observed in Cubiro, Lara, the eastern-most in Miranda. But, Most of the records are from Aragua in Miranda; Cubiro is in fact the only known site in Lara and the population there is apparently discontinuous (subspecies Pyrrhura hoematotis immarginata). Diurnal movements occur from the mountains of the Highlands until the lowest feeding areas; also apparently some local seasonal movements guided by the availability of food.

Fairly common in most of its more restricted range and especially numerous in the Henri Pittier National Park; its status in Lara It is unknown. Much habitat right remains within the range outside the areas protected, and there is a rate of deforestation relatively low, but with constant habitat loss around Cubiro.

Absent or very rare in captivity.

Distribution 2 subspecies:

Conservation:

• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.

• Population trend: Decreasing.

Justification of the population

The size of the world population It has not been quantified, but this species is described as «quite common» (Stotz et to the., 1996).

Justification of trend

It is suspected that the population is in decline due to ongoing habitat destruction.

"Red-eared Parakeet" in captivity:

Absent or very rare in captivity.

Alternative names:

– Red-eared Parakeet, Blood-eared Conure, Blood-eared Parakeet, Red eared Parakeet, Red-eared Conure (English).
– Conure à oreillons, Perriche à oreillons, Perruche à oreillons rouges (French).
– Blutohrsittich, Blutohr-Sittich (German).
– Tiriba-de-orelha-vermelha (Portuguese).
– Cotorra Colirroja, Perico de Cuello Rojo (español).
– Perico Cola Roja (Venezuela).

scientific classification:

– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittacidae
– Genus: Pyrrhura
– Scientific name: Pyrrhura hoematotis
– Citation: Souancé, 1857
– Protonimo: Pyrrhura hoematotis

Red-eared Parakeet images:

Cotorra-Colirroja-(5)
Cotorra-Colirroja-(4)
Cotorra-Colirroja-(3)
Cotorra-Colirroja-(2)

Red-eared Parakeet (Pyrrhura hoematotis)


Sources:

  • Avibase
  • Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
  • Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
  • Birdlife
  • Parrot Book, Parrots and macaws Neotropical

  • Photos:

(1) – Venezuelan endemic Red-eared Parakeet (Pyrrhura hoematotis) photographed in captivity in Mérida, Venezuela By http://www.birdphotos.com (Own work) [CC BY 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Perico tail Red [Blood-eared Parakeet] (Pyrrhura hoematotis hoematotis) Place: The deer, Park national the Avila by barloventomagico – Flickr
(3) – Bando of parrots parakeet place: The deer, Park national Guaraira Repano by barloventomagico – Flickr
(4) – Pyrrhura hoematotis by Diana register – Flickr
(5) – Pyrrhura hoematotis by Diana register – Flickr
(6) – Iconographie des perroquets: Paris :P. Bertrand,1857 by Biodiversity Heritage Library – Flickr

▷ The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

Canary-winged Parakeet
Brotogeris versicolurus

Origin: Colombia, Peru, Brazil, Guyana, Puerto Rico, United States
Character: Affectionate and fun
Life expectancy: 10 to 12 years
Height: 24 to 25 cm.


Catita Versicolor

Content

Description:

The Canary-winged Parakeet (Brotogeris versicolurus) measured between 24 and 25 height cm. Single parakeet with yellow and white patch and blue tip on the wing , tail green, long and acute (noticeable in flight).

Of overall green coloration, with belly opaque, front and sides of the head grey.
It has no sexual dimorphism.

Habitat:

Video – "Canary-winged Parakeet" (Brotogeris versicolurus)

brotogeris versicolurus whistling
Watch this video on YouTube.

It is found in variety of habitats, humid forest, riparian, edges, stubble, open and urban areas, until 300 m (in Bolivia comes up to the 2700 m).

Abundant trees in cities and towns. They fly high, in pairs or small flocks to large.

Reproduction:

The breeding season includes the months between January and July in South America. The female places of 4 to 5 white eggs. The incubation hard of 23 to 26 days. Usually, the male can stay in the nest at night, but the incubation is main task of females.

It nests in tree hollows and decaying fruit capsules.

Food:

In their natural habitats, the Canary-winged Parakeet, feeds mainly on worms, flowers, seeds and fruit.

Distribution:

Its population is discontinuous. All the banks of the Amazon River, from the East of Ecuador to the South of the French Guiana.

You can also see them out of these places due to its introduction by release of pet; places such as Lima, California, Florida and Puerto Rico.

Conservation:

State of conservation ⓘ

minor concern Minor Concern ⓘ (UICN)ⓘ

It is not considered in any of the threat categories, its trade has decreased in recent decades.

Justification of the population:

The size of the world population Canary-winged Parakeet It has not been quantified, but this species is described as «common» (Stotz et to the. (1996).

Justification trend:

The population suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence of any reduction or substantial threats.

"Canary-winged Parakeet" in captivity:

Years ago it was a very common bird in captivity, at the present time is less.

RECALLS: NEVER COMMAND A PARAKEET IN THE CITY OR IN THE FIELD

aggressive with other bird species. However, It is possible to keep a group of birds of this species together in a large enough space. Easy of tame If it is manipulated from small. Communicates with their owners, making different sounds, for example, to greet us when we see, When you want food, etc.

They are not usually very noisy. Like to climb by what shall provide elements so you can make this activity. In hot season, supplied with a tray of water so that you can bathe.

Alternative names:

– Canary-winged Parakeet, White-winged Parakeet, Yellow-winged Parakeet (English).
– Toui à ailes variées, Conure à ailes blanches, Perruche à ailes blanches, Perruche à ailes jaunes, Toui à ailes jaunes (French).
– Weissflügelsittich (German).
– Periquito-de-asa-branca, periquito-castanha, periquito-da-asa-amarela, periquito-da-campina, periquito-das-ilhas, periquito-de-asas-amarelas, periquito-estrela (Portuguese).
– Catita Chirirí, Catita de patas amarillas, Catita Versicolor, Periquito Aliamarillo, Periquito Aliblanco, Periquito de Alas Blancas, Periquito Versicolor (español).
– Catita Chirirí, Catita de patas amarillas (Argentina).
– Periqquito aliblanco, Periquito Aliblanco (Colombia).
– Periquito Aliamarillo (Dominican Republic).
– Perico de Ala Amarilla (Peru).

scientific classification:

– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittacidae
– Genus: Brotogeris
– Scientific name: Brotogeris versicolurus
– Citation: (Statius Müller, 1776)
– Protonimo: psittacus versicolurus

Images "Canary-winged Parakeet"

Parrots in the world

Species of the genus Brotogeris

Sources:

– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife

– Sounds: (Xeno-canto)

▷ The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

Scaly-headed Parrot
Pionus maximiliani

Origin: Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay
Character: Curious, social and inteligente
Life expectancy: 20 years
Height: 27 to 29 cm..

Scaly-headed Parrot

Content


Anatomy-parrots

Description:

27 to 29 cm.. height and between 233 and 293 g. of weight.

The Scaly-headed Parrot (Pionus maximiliani) It is medium in size and tail very short; has the lores, the forecrown and the eye area opaque dark bronze; the feathers on crown, the cheeks, the chin and the sides of the neck, basal green with wide enough margins bronze that give the appearance of flake; ear-coverts with dark green margins but brighter than other pens head.

The back of the neck and green the mantle become more brown and olive green upper lower parts, where some feathers have quite indistinct darker tips. Coverts smaller and medium-sized green olive brown with indistinct dark tips; alula, primary and greater coverts and flight feathers, brighter green, contrasting with the upperparts brown, duller.

Under the wings, opaque green. The throat and the top chest blue violet off that fade in brownish olive green in the bottom of the chest and most of the belly, but they are become brighter and greener in flanks and the thighs; undertail-coverts crimson. Upper, the tail green in the center, outer feathers mainly blue and red at the base; undertail, the tail, bluish green duller. Bill black with yellow edges on the upper jaw and the bottom tip; orbital skin pale grey; irises dark brown; legs grey.
Scaly-headed Parrot
Both sexes are similar. Immature It has less intense the blue throat; feathers head more green with less distinct margins.

Description 4 subspecies:

  • Pionus maximiliani lacerus

    (Heine, 1884) – Similar to the subspecies Pionus maximiliani siy but with a bill stronger, the chest more purple and perhaps larger on average.


  • Pionus maximiliani maximiliani

    (Kuhl, 1820) – Nominal.


  • Pionus maximiliani melanoblepharus

    (Ribeiro, 1920) – Blue darker in throat and darker above. Larger.


  • Pionus maximiliani siy

    (Souance , 1856) – Much like the nominal species but darker below, more purple and less blue in the chest, yellower in back and Blue throat lighter.

Habitat:

It inhabits in a wide range of forested habitats, but mostly in dry forests lowland ranging from caatinga very dry, inside the northeast of Brazil, through the savannas Cerrado seasonal, to chaco; also in wetter forests, including gallery forests and forests of araucarias, especially in southeast Brazil. They can also be seen in subtropical forests in Eastern Andean slopes some 2.000 meters in the Northwest of Argentina and some 1.500 meters in the mountains of the South of Brazil.

Tolerant to human alteration of forest habitats and sometimes cultivated areas. Usually gregarious, arriving to form flocks numerous in places in where the food is abundant probably is hiding in small groups in them cups of them trees.

Reproduction:

They nest in tree hollows. Birds in terms of breeding in the month of October in Paraguay; November in São Paulo; laying 3-5 eggs.

Food:

The plants food include Erythrina, Inga, Piptadenia, Copaifera, Croton, Pachystroma, Plathymenia reticulata, Ficus and Araucaria.

Distribution:

Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 6.650.000 km2

The species is found in the Center, South and East of Brazil, from maranhão and Ceará in the Northeast, to the South by Piauí, Bay, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Brazil and the eastern coastal States up to Rio Grande do Sul and to the South of Mato Grosso (region pantanal), extending to the southeast of Bolivia, from Santa Cruz to the South in the Eastern Andes and to the North of Argentina in Salta, Tucumán and Catamarca in the East and North of Santa Fe in the West.

Mainly resident, although it may not grow in the drier parts of the Argentine Chaco. Apparently more numerous in the center of its area of distribution, where its abundance is only surpassed by the Maroon-bellied Parakeet (Pyrrhura frontalis); progressively more scarce toward the periphery.

Locally quite common the common in Bolivia and locally common in the North of Argentina, where it is most abundant in the South of Salta, Tucumán and areas adjacent in Catamarca. Moderately common in Rio Grande do Sul and common in the pantanal; densities Brazilian more high in São Paulo.

The decrease apparent, in some parts of the range, (for example, North of the Argentina) is attributable to the trade, but in other places (for example, the southeast of Brazil) is undoubtedly its decline due to the loss of forests.

Distribution 4 subspecies:

  • Pionus maximiliani lacerus

    (Heine, 1884) – Northwest of Argentina.


  • Pionus maximiliani maximiliani

    (Kuhl, 1820) – Nominal. Northeast of Brazil.


  • Pionus maximiliani melanoblepharus

    (Ribeiro, 1920) – It is from Paraguay, Brazil and northeast of Argentina (Missions)


  • Pionus maximiliani siy

    (Souance , 1856) – Southeast of Bolivia until Paraguay, West of Brazil (Mato Grosso), North of Argentina.

Conservation:


minor concern


• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.

• Population trend: Decreasing.

Justification of the population

The size of the world population It has not been quantified, but this species is described as «quite common» (Stotz et to the., 1996).

Justification of trend

It is suspected that the population is in decline due to the continuous habitat destruction and to levels of exploitation unsustainable.

Threats

The species has been object of strong exchanges: from 1981, When is included in the Appendix II of the CITES, they have been 93.234 individuals captured in the wild in the international trade (database CITES from the UNEP-WCMC, January 2005).

"Scaly-headed Parrot" in captivity:

Curious, very intelligent and social. Quiet and relatively little aggressive. Prone to obesity. You can learn to imitate.
Pretty common in captivity. Life expectancy: 20 years.

Housing: Enclosure suspended at least 2 metres in height.

Diet: fruit as: Apple, pear, orange, banana, granada, cactus fruits, they form approximately the 30 percent of the diet; vegetables as: Carrot, celery, green beans, pea in the pod; corn fresh; green leaves such as: chard, lettuce, dandelion, Aviary grass; millet; mix of seeds small e.g.: millet, and small amounts of buckwheat, oats, safflower and hemp; soaked and sprouted from seeds of sunflower; beans, cooked legumes and boiled corn.

It needs regular exercise it is necessary to provide you with an Aviary as large as possible. Provide shallow bowls of water for bathing. Also provide stairs, swings, strings, different sizes of hooks and assorted toys.

Alternative names:

– Scaly-headed Parrot, Maximilian’s Parrot, Scaly headed Parrot (English).
– Pione de Maximilien, Pionus de Maximilien (French).
– Maximilianpapagei (German).
– Maitaca, baitaca, maitaca-bronzeada, maitaca-de-Maximiliano, maitaca-suia, maitaca-verde, suia, umaitá (Portuguese).
– Loro Bronceado, Loro choclero, Loro maitaca (español).


scientific classification:

Kuhl, Heinrich
Heinrich Kuhl

– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittacidae
– Genus: Pionus
– Scientific name: Pionus maximiliani
– Citation: (Kuhl, 1820)
– Protonimo: Maximilian parrot

«Choclero Parrot» Images:

Loro-Choclero-(5)
Loro-Choclero-(4)
Loro-Choclero-(3)
Loro-Choclero-(2)

Videos "Scaly-headed Parrot"

pichu - My Maximilian Pionus
Watch this video on YouTube.

Scaly-headed Parrot (Pionus maximiliani)


Sources:

  • Avibase
  • Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
  • Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
  • Birdlife
  • Parrot Book, Parrots and macaws Neotropical
  • parrots.org

  • Photos:

(1) – IBC.lynxeds.com
(2) – A Scaly-headed Parrot (also called a Scaly-headed Pionus, Maximilian’s Pionus, amd Maximilian’s Parrot) in a cage By Alex Knowles [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – A pet male Scaly-headed Parrot (also called Maximilian Pionus, Maximilian Parrot, Maximilian’s Pionus, or Maximilian’s Parrot) By Snowmanradio (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 or GFDL], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Scaly-headed Pionus (also called Maximilian Pionus, Maximilian Parrot, Maximilian’s Pionus, or Maximilian’s Parrot) at Zoológico de Americana, Sao Paulo, Brazil By Moe Oliveira [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Loro Choclero By Danbrazil (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Iconographie des perroquets : non figurés dans les publications de Levaillant et de M. Bourjot Saint-Hilaire By Blanchard, Emile; Bonaparte, Charles Lucian; Bourjot Saint-Hilaire, Alexandre; Le Vaillant, François; Souancé, Charles de. [CC BY 2.0 or Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

▷ The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

Red-tailed black cockatoo
Calyptorhynchus banksii

Origin: Australia
Character: Desaconfiada
Life expectancy: 40 to 70 years
Height: 55 to 60 cm..

Red-tailed black cockatoo

Content

Description

55 to 60 cm.. length between 570 and 870 weight g.

The adults of the Red-tailed black cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus banksii) present sexual dimorphism. The male is entirely black, with the exception of the sides of the tail that are of color red glossy. The upper part of the head It is a long Ridge which starts from the front and goes up to the nape. The bill is grey dark.

The females they are slightly smaller. Show a plumage blackish brown with yellow-orange stripes on the tail and the chest. The cheeks and wings they are covered with small yellow spots. The bill is of color bone pale. Lower parts to the tail coverts they are finely excluded in beige.

The youth are similar to the females until they reach the maturity sexual, around the 4 years. Gradually, as they approach this age, YM will acquire their feathers red which gradually replaced their initial feathers in yellow.

Description 5 subspecies

They differ from each other mainly by the size of their beak.

  • Calyptorhynchus banksii banksii

    (Latham, 1790) – Nominal. Grand. Bill dark grey.


  • Calyptorhynchus banksii graptogyne

    (Schodde, Saunders,DA & Homberger, 1989) – It is the smaller of the 5 Subspecies.


  • Calyptorhynchus banksii macrorhynchus

    (Gould, 1843) – Large as it nominal.


  • Calyptorhynchus banksii naso

    (Gould, 1837) – They have wings that seem to be more long and pointy.


  • Calyptorhynchus banksii samueli

    (Mathews, 1917) – Have a size and bill smaller.

Habitat:

Wide variety of habitats. Grasslands and scrub, from the dense rainforests to the forests of acacia and eucalyptus.
Nestbox, These birds are generally dependent on the old eucalyptus, although according to which regions regions, the variety of trees for nesting, could be different.

To feed, flocks of these cockatoos, they penetrate in agricultural lands and orchards, becoming a real plague.
In all parts of the Australian mainland, have been observed seasonal movements.
In the North, most cockatoos flee from high humidity areas during the rainy season.
In other parts of the continent, We are seeing movements directly related to food.
In South Australia, the movements are carried out in the South-North direction and are not necessarily linked to the stations.

Reproduction:

It nests in the hollow of the following trees: MARRI, Jarrah, Wandoo, Karri and Bullich. Eggs are laid on the bottom of a hollow log, up dry branches, between March and December. The cavity can have a depth of one to two meters. The diameter of the entry may vary from 25 to 50 centimeters.

The laying is of an only egg (In rare cases two). The incubation runs by features of the female and lasts between 29 and 31 days.
At birth the chicks are covered by a little and yellow plumage. Most of the time, the second calf is abandoned and eventually dies from lack of food. The surviving offspring is fed by both parents..

Food:

It feeds mainly from seeds, in particular those of Eucalyptus Marri (E. calophylla). Chew small branches, grabs clusters with its legs and “chews” them to extract the seeds. Strip the remains to the soil, at the foot of the tree. It is a great vegetarian, also eats berries, fruit, some insects and larvae. Occasionally it feeds on plants or varieties introduced as the radish wild, turnips or melons.

Distribution:

Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 8.680.000 km2

endemic to Australia, where in drier areas.
They are especially prevalent in the northern part of the country. In the South, they are less abundant and more dispersed.

The WPT (World Parrot Trust) contributed funds to a project in the South of Australia for help to save to these birds.

Distribution 5 subspecies

They differ from each other mainly by the size of their beak.

Conservation:

State of conservation ⓘ

minor concern Minor Concern ⓘ (UICN)ⓘ

• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.

• Population trend: Decreasing.

In the past it was common, but now it has become rare, It is distributed unevenly in areas that have been significantly reduced.
The decrease is caused by the deforestation, the competition for the nesting with species native and exotic, as well as the fires.

It is believed that the world's population exceeds the 100.000 individuals.
the subspecies graptogyne was estimated to be in less of 1.000 individuals in 1989.
Only the subspecies of the Southwest, Calyptorhynchus banksii naso, is listed as "Vulnerable".

The subspecies Calyptorhynchus banksii banksii is not classified as threatened in all regions.

"Red-tailed black cockatoo" in captivity:

Excellent with a very devoted owner. It can be quite noisy. It has a moderate ability to imitate human sound.
There has been an increase in captive birds in Australia. It is very rare as bird cage.
They can live in 50 to 100 years in captivity. The variety Calyptorhynchus banksii naso, of 25 to 50 years.

Alternative names:

– Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo, Banksian Cockatoo, Banks’s Black Cockatoo, Black Cockatoo (English).
– Cacatoès banksien, Cacatoès de Banks (French).
– Rabenkakadu (German).
– Cacatua-negra-de-cauda-vermelha (Portuguese).
– Cacatúa Colirroja, Cacatúa Fúnebre de Cola Roja (español).

John Latham
John Latham

scientific classification:


– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Cacatuidae
– Genus: Calyptorhynchus
– Scientific name: Calyptorhynchus banksii
– Citation: (Latham, 1790)
– Protonimo: Psittacus Banksii


Images Red-tailed Cockatoo:

cacatua-colirroja-1
cacatua-colirroja-2
cacatua-colirroja-3
cacatua-colirroja-4

Parrots in the world

Species of the genus Calyptorhynchus
  • Calyptorhynchus banksii
  • —- Calyptorhynchus banksii banksii
  • —- Calyptorhynchus banksii graptogyne
  • —- Calyptorhynchus banksii macrorhynchus
  • —- Calyptorhynchus banksii naso
  • —- Calyptorhynchus banksii samueli
  • Calyptorhynchus lathami
  • —- Calyptorhynchus lathami erebus
  • —- Calyptorhynchus lathami halmaturinus
  • —- Calyptorhynchus lathami lathami

    • Sources:

    – Avibase
    – Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
    – Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
    – Birdlife

    – Photos: Laslovarga (commons.wikimedia.org), Wikipedia, Scarlet23 (Wikipedia), Uploaded by Casliber (Wikipedia), Uploaded by Peter Campbell (Wikipedia)

    – Sounds: Nigel Jackett

    + More