The Bronze winged Parrot(Pionus chalcopterus) has the general Brown, darker in head, neck, chest and flanks, This plumage with blue-violet edge.
The throat whitish and pink; wings bronze green.
Flight is evident violet blue at the top of the wing
the Green bottom, that contrasts with the Red of the lower abdomen. Dorsally Violet Blue is notorious in the rump, shoulder and tail. The feathers of the tail are dark blue with a shade of red at the base.
The bill is of color beige, area of naked skin surrounding the eyes of pink. The legs They are pink.
It inhabits in humid jungle, semi-humid, crops and forest edge between 120 and 2800 m.
They are birds gregarious and noisy. Every tomorrow is mobilized in flocks in search of food. Within the flocks are can observe to the couples, that form of life, and who interact with a variety of contact behaviors that reaffirm the marital bond.
Reproduction:
Prefer for their nests broken rods, hollow of logs and palm trees. They nest in the months of October-may. The female often put in two to four eggs they are incubated during three weeks approximately, after which are born them chicks naked or just covered with down. The chicks remain with their parents until the next reproductive shekel.
Food:
Will congregate in cornfields in groups up to of 40 individuals, feeding is of pulp and seeds many fruits and other material ingredients as nectar and flower petals, complementing occasionally its diet with insects.
Distribution:
Its population is distributed by the mountain range of the Andes, from Colombia, Northwest of Venezuela; to the South, by the mountains to the Northwest of Peru.
Conservation:
• Red List category of the UICN current: Least concern
• Population trend: Decreasing
The size of the population World of the Bronze winged Parrot It has not been quantified, but this species is described as ‘rare‘ (Stotz et to the., 1996).
The population was suspected of being in decline due to ongoing habitat destruction.
This species is characterized be decreasing in Colombia and West Ecuador, due to the logging of forest subtropical, which has been severe and quick on the slopes of the Andes (Juniper and Parr 1998).
The evident anecdotal, based on the frequency of sightings, suggests that the species has declined in Pineapples, South of Ecuador, in recent years c.15-20 (M. By D Sanchez. Díaz in litt. 2011). Also is says that has been extirpated from areas previously occupied as the slopes of them Andes and valleys of the Cauca and the Magdalena river in Colombia, again due to loss of habitat (Juniper and Parr 1998).
In Venezuela the species is scarce and local, limited, to a large extent, to the slope West of them Andes in Mérida and Sierra de Perija, with occasional records in Táchira (CJ Sharpe in litt. 2011). These areas have experienced rapid deforestation for at least the last few 24 years for cultivation and livestock.
Surveys conducted in the Northwest of Peru in the decade of 1990 they appeared to detect a sharp decrease in population from 1993 (Rosales et to the., 2007), although this species is known to be nomadic and its local numbers can fluctuate.
"Bronze winged Parrot" in captivity:
Rare in captivity, It is not a main target of poachers (CJ Sharpe in litt. 2011, R. Clay in litt. 2011), although it is still present in the illegal trade of Peru (F. Angle in litt. 2011)
Intelligent, playful and curious. You can be nervous, loving with your caregiver and aggressive with other people. It has a tendency to obesity.
It requires a spacious cage unless the bird pass periods of time outside of it. Not must keep is to open air where the temperatures fall below them 5 °C.
With feed a wide variety of seeds, fruits and berries.
It is a relatively healthy bird, While it may be more susceptible to infection aspergillosis that other species.
In captivity they lay two eggs the incubation takes 26 days.
Alternative names:
– Bronze winged Parrot, Bronze-winged Parrot (English).
– Pione noire, Pionus noir (French).
– Glanzflügelpapagei, Glanzflügel-Papagei (German).
– Curica-asa-de-bronze (Portuguese).
– Cotorra Oscura (Colombia).
– Cotorra Negra (Venezuela).
– Cotorra Oscura, Loro Alibronceado, Loro de Alas Bronceadas, Cheja alibronceada (español).
The Black-capped Lory(Lorius lory) has an approximate length of 31 cm.. and a weight between 200 and 260 g..
Black hood extends above the peak to the nape of the neck, where a few blue spots appear; rest of the head is bright red. The black hood is separated from the rear mantle red pink (sometimes mottled red), by a fine necklace of dark purple blue; back, the upper coverts bright red tail and rump.
Upper parts of green color with slight shine bronze wing, more visible on the coverts and secondary more internal.
Flight feathers of black on the inside and marked with yellow in the middle part, forming the group a tricolour in the Underwing. Red Wing coverts.
Throat and upper part of the chest of Red; Blue mantle extends around the sides of the chest, dark blue in the abdomen that is slightly brighter in thighs and coverts; flanks with varying amounts of Red ranging upward and around the curve of the wing.
Dark bluish black on the upper tail feathers, Green slightly sieved in the Centre and Red at the base (It shows only dark blue at rest); Yellow undertail dark Olive with red hidden base.
Orange peak; Cere and grey-black periophthalmic ring; orange-yellow IRIS; grey to black legs.
Males and females they are the same. Immature with less extensive blue underparts and the upper part of the chest of color red wine. Fine blue collar around throat. Underwing coverts blue and yellow with a black tip, not red as in adults. Brownish beak.
Subspecies vary considerably in color:
Lorius lory lory: It is the nominal
Lorius lory erythrothorax: Neck and central area of blue belly. Yellow in the wings. Blue mantle in two bands. Red Underwing coverts.
Lorius lory SOMU: Red neck, blue belly.
Lorius lory salvadorii: As the erythrothorax but with blue-black Underwing coverts.
Lorius lory viridicrissalis: As the salvadorii but the blue darker everywhere.
Lorius lory jobiensis: As the salvadorii but top of the paler breast and mantle bands.
Lorius lory cyanuchen: Black on the top with blue on the nape of the neck.
The Black-capped Lory he prefers the primary forests and edges of these, They also reported in secondary forests well grown, in some partially cleared areas and swamp forest. It is not known to occur in the monsoon forest, planted forests or plantations of coconut trees. The Black-capped Lory is mainly distributed in the lowlands up to 1.000 m, but there have been examples to 1.750 m.
They are mainly found in pairs and usually smaller than other groups parrots sympatric, but it may happen that they get together in groups of ten or more to feed in trees in flower.
Reproduction:
Little is known of its breeding ecology in the wild., Although there is a history of a couple digging a pit to make the nest in a dead tree. Apparently the nesting occurs from the month of may until October.
In captivity, the setting is two eggs with 26 incubation days; emancipation occurs between 57 and 70 days after hatching.
Food:
The diet includes pollen, nectar, flowers, fruits and insects. The birds prefer to feed in the canopy or half-height where they remain quiet and discrete. Unlike in the Coconut Lorikeet and the Dusky lory, It reached generally similar maximum altitudes, This species has been able to adapt to secondary habitats in high levels in the East of New Guinea.
The world's population has not been quantified, but the species has been observed that it is, usually, common, but not abundant throughout its area of distribution.
Suspected that the population is stable in the absence of evidence of any reduction or substantial threats.
"Black-capped Lory" in captivity:
It has attractive voice and can learn to imitate. Playful and curious; It can be noisy at times.
Common up to the decade of 1960 When exports began to cease.
Alternative names:
– Black-capped Lory, Black capped Lory, Tricolored Lory, Tricoloured Lory, Western Black-capped Lory (ingles).
– Lori tricolore, Lori à calotte noire (French).
– Frauenlori (German).
– Lóris-bailarino (Portuguese).
– Lori Tricolor, Tricogloso Tricolor (español).
The Green Rosella(Platycercus caledonicus) has the forecrown and lores bright red; a crown of a showy color yellow, marked in red and dotted with of Brown olive dark towards the part rear; area low of them cheeks and throat of color blue cake; ear-coverts a bright yellow, with the edges more dark. Strong contrast between the yellow and the dark area of the crown; Brown olive uniform in the the mantle, with fine dark green stripes on their feathers; feathers of the rump and uppertail-coverts have a diffusion of color yellow orange.
Curve of the wing blue; lesser coverts black; corbeteras internal Middle, black, lined in green dark, the light blue external; greater coverts Blue with feathers Interior black finished off with edges of color green; secondaries Blackish with vane blue externals (innermost with green edge); primaries Brown dark with vane external and dark blue margins; tertiary Brown dark with stripes Green.
Under, the wings blackish, with coverts and axillary blue.
The underparts is of color yellow with a tone clear of Orange and with small spots of color orange on the periphery of the area anal. Upper, the tail olive-green tipped off blue, lateral feathers of color blue pale with them tips white; undertail, the tail of color blue pale with them tips white.
Bill White grey; irises dark brown; legs grey.
The female It is smaller than the male and has the bill smaller; also shows more often a wash of orange-red in the upper part of the chest.
The immature they are more muted than adults, show more green in wing-coverts and have them upperparts of color grey olive and yellow olive in them underparts. Plumage adult is reached after the first comprehensive molt, in a few 15 months.
(Kuhl, 1820) – Too little differentiated with the species nominal, according to some experts, to justify the recognition as subspecies.
Habitat:
The Green Rosella they are in all types of forest habitats in the territory in which they reside. But, more and more often, they come in orchards and gardens in urban areas, finding favorable conditions in those places to nest and feed themselves. But, its main habitat are still sclerophyllous forests and thickets. Apparently, on Hunter island, they have a strong preference for small ravines filled with piles of rocks.
Like most of the island birds that live in a small area, to the Green Rosella It is cataloged as sedentary. But, the specimens that live in altitudes of up to 1500 meters in the Alpine regions, they make altitudinal movements and approaching at low altitude towards the coastal regions in winter season. At the end of the nesting season, young birds roam in small flocks which do not exceed more of 4 or 5 individuals. The Green Rosella be associated at times with them Eastern Rosella (Platycercus eximius). Although they are not shy, These parrots take precautions and are very cautious When venturing to Earth to find their food. They prefer to stay in the foliage for this activity. Like most of the parrots, the female is attached to your partner by strong ties conjugal it last for many years. They maintain and strengthen these links practicing processions which are very similar to the one of other parrots.
Reproduction:
The Green Rosella nest during the period from September to February. The nest It is usually placed in a cavity of any branch or hollow tree trunk, normally a eucalyptus. They also occupy, exceptionally, the walls of old buildings. They use abandoned nests of sparrows into disuse.
The spawning usually contains between 4 and 6 eggs and your incubation takes a few 19 days. The chicks are altricial and leave the nest only after 3 weeks after hatching. No additional information on the care and development of the offspring.
These parakeets also eat many types of seeds of grasses and shrubs, some of which are at higher altitudes.
Do not disdain the berries of coprosma and the Hawthorn, they represent an important part of their diet in winter. The menu is sometimes supplemented with psyllids they are small homoptera and insect larvae .
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 68.100 km2
The Green Rosella they are endemic in Tasmania. Also found in the larger islands of the Bass Strait, that is to say, on isla King and Flinders island. Has also been recorded in the Maatsuyker island, front South of Tasmania.
Birds coming from leaks can be found around Sydney.
The species is common and widespread within its range, with a stable world population of more than 50.000 specimens.
One small number in captivity.
The Green Rosella is protected, but it can be killed with a permit when they cause damage to crops.
The population living in the North of Tasmania It is sometimes differentiated under the name brownii, but this so-called subspecies differences are not as marked enough to consider it as such.
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern
• Population Trend: Decreasing
The size of the world population It has not been quantified, Although estimated at more of 50.000 specimens. The species according to sources, it is common throughout its small range (pit et to the. 1997).
The population is suspected that it may be declining due to the habitat destruction in course of King Island (pit et to the. 1997).
The Green Rosella It may cause damage to the apple orchards and, Although protected, It can be controlled under a system of licensing.
"Green Rosella" in captivity:
It is not a popular Aviary bird, possibly due to its lack of color and its aggressive reputation.
Alternative names:
– Green Rosella, Caledonia Parrot, Green Parrot, Mountain Parrot, Tasmanian Rosella, Yellow-bellied Parakeet, Yellow-bellied Parrot, Yellow-breasted Parakeet, Yellow-breasted Parrot (ingles).
– Perruche à ventre jaune (French).
– Gelbbauchsittich (German).
– Rosela-da-caledônia (Portuguese).
– Perico de Tasmania, Rosela Verde (español).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Photos:
(1) – A Green Rosella at Tasmanian Devil Conservation Park, Tarana, Tasmania By rockmasterp (Beautiful ParrotUploaded by snowmanradio) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Green Rosella (also known as Tasmanian Rosella) in Tasmania, Australia By Sammy Sam (Picasa Web Albums) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Green Rosella (also known as Tasmanian Rosella) in Tasmania, Australia By Sammy Sam (Picasa Web Albums) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Green Rosella (Platycercus caledonicus), Collinsvale, Tasmania, Australia By JJ Harrison (jjharrison89@facebook.com) (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Green Rosella (also known as Tasmanian Rosella) in Tasmania, Australia By Sammy Sam (Picasa Web Albums) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
Origin: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Laos, Myanmar (Burma), Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Viet Nam, Thailand
Character: active.
Life expectancy: 30 years.
Height: Of 50 to 62 cm..
Content
Description:
From between 50-62cm. in length and weighing between 198–258 grams.
The Alexandrine Parakeet(Psittacula eupatria) has the forecrown, lores and crown bright green, merging to lavender-blue on cheeks, ear-coverts and back of the crown; faint dark line from back of cere to eye ring; narrow black band from the base of bill, laterally across the base of the cheeks, that binds with a wide collar pink around the back of the neck.
Nape, the mantle, scapulars, rump and uppertail-coverts greenish-grey. Upperwing-coverts smaller brown; rest of upperwing-coverts green (brighter and emerald body feathers). The primaries and secondaries greyish green with dark tips to the vane previous interns, Blackish below.
Underwing-coverts gray-green. The underparts brighter yellowish green, chest with grayish tint. Upper, the tail light green with yellow tip; undertail, golden yellow.
Bill red with paler tip: cere whitish; irises pale yellow; legs rose gray.
The female no black and pink markings neck and it is generally duller.
The immature It resembles the female (The males are sometimes distinguished by larger size).
(Kloss, 1917) – Similar to the subspecies Psittacula eupatria magnirostris but with the neck more yellow, the bill smaller and close blue neckband, reduced or absent. Yellower below the subspecies Psittacula eupatria nipalensis.
(Ball, 1872) – It differs from the subspecies Psittacula eupatria nipalensis by blue coloration above band pink, which it is more limited and sometimes non-existent and the pink band nape that is wider; swe other subspecies differs by having the bill Larger.
Psittacula eupatria nipalensis
(Hodgson, 1836) – Larger and grayer than the species nominal, less lavender in head and wider black stripe mustache.
Psittacula eupatria siamensis
(Kloss, 1917) – Cara and neck yellow, nape bluish. Slightly smaller than the subspecies Psittacula eupatria Avensis.
Habitat:
Video – "Alexandrine Parakeet" (Psittacula eupatria)
The Alexandrine Parakeet It is distributed in a great variety of humid and dry forests and wooded lands., but also they are seen in cultivated areas, mangroves (for example, of Rhizophora mueronata on the islands of the bay of bengal) and coconut plantations, mainly in the lowlands up 900 meters above sea level; on Punjab province (Pakistan) extend areas of subtropical pines (Pinus roxburghii) and penetrates irrigated plantations in desert areas; ascend to the foothills of Himalaya in areas of trees (will Shorea) and riparian forests, rarely above the 1.600 m.
In the Bandhavgarh National Park, the Alexandrine Parakeet prefers forests more dense than the Plum-headed Parakeet (Psittacula cyanocephala) and Rose-ringed Parakeet (Psittacula krameri).
Usually they found in small groups, but sometimes they form large flocks where food is plentiful and communal roosts, where birds can come together in one big tree.
Reproduction:
The nest of the Alexandrine Parakeet They found in tree cavities (for example, of Dalbergia, Shorea or Salmalia), palms or, very rarely, buildings, but generally far from human settlements.
The nest It comprises a chamber filled with wood shavings produced by barbets or woodpeckers during excavation or extension of the cavity; entry generally clean round.
The breeding season usually from November to December and from March to April, depending on the location (for example, February to March in the Punjab and andaman islands and from December to February in the center Burma).
The average size clutch is of 2-4 eggs measuring 34,0 x 26,9 mm. The incubation period average is 28 days usually after the placement of the second egg. The chicks leave the nest at about seven weeks of age. They are bred for about three weeks and usually are weaned between the 12 to 16 weeks of age.
Food:
Diet Alexandrine Parakeet It includes a variety of cultivated and wild seeds, flowers, nectar, grains, fruits and vegetables.
Considered serious pest in some places: the 70% their diet Pakistan comes from cultivated areas.
It feeds mainly early in the morning and afternoon.
The situation in Afghanistan of the Alexandrine Parakeet is uncertain, possibly some group in the extreme northeast, about Jalalabad.
In Pakistan, isolated colonies Are and Peshawar, most widespread and frequent in the irrigated lowlands of Punjab; They are distributed from Punjab (India), foothills Himalaya and South of Nepal, throughout the India and Sri Lanka, as well as the east through Bangladesh.
In Bhutan and Assam in Burma Central and Southern (not found in northern), extending from northern Thailand, Central and North Cambodia and Laos and north to central and southern Viet Nam.
Seasonal movements in some areas and in other locally nomadic.
generally common, but much rarer in the east and sporadically distributed by South India.
Decreasing in Sri Lanka, where it is now rare, especially in the north.
Sharp declines in Thailand and probably in other parts of Indochina.
Its appearance around some urban areas could be due to leaks.
Introduced in parts of Europe (Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, Middle East (Turkey, Bahrein, United Arab Emirates, Iran) and Japan.
Subspecies distribution
Subspecies
Psittacula eupatria Avensis
(Kloss, 1917) – South of Assam (Northeast of India) and Myanmar, but the area of ​​contact with the subspecies Psittacula eupatria nipalensis and Psittacula eupatria siamensis, It is unknown.
(Hodgson, 1836) – Pakistan through Punjab (India) until Assam, Bangladesh, Nagaland and Manipur, including skirts Himalaya and Nepal, to the South , approximately I8° north; the contact area with the subspecies Psittacula eupatria Avensis, unknown.
Psittacula eupatria siamensis
(Kloss, 1917) – West and north of Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Viet Nam.
This species has been upgraded from Least concern based on new information on population trends. Is listed as Near-threatened, Since, although it remains common in some areas and its status is clouded by feral populations, It is suspected to be subjected to population decline moderately fast due to the continuing loss of habitat, to unsustainable levels of exploitation, the pursuit and capture.
The Alexandrine Parakeet It is widely captured and sold as bird cage.
In Cambodia, nests theft and capture adults, They represent the main threats, It is one of the most sought after birds (F. Goes in some. 2013).
Despite the virtual disappearance of the species Thailand, chicks still appear in the illegal trade in bird markets Bangkok, although, possibly, its origin is Cambodia (P. Ronda in a little. 2013).
The illegal trade, as well as the destruction of nesting places, threat to species Pakistan (S. Khan in a little. 2013). in addition, It reported that the species is threatened by extensive poaching at the hands of local tribes Gujarat (V. Vyas in some. 2013).
Habitat loss and degradation are also grave threats. In Cambodia, use changes in the lowlands it has been rapid (R. Timmins in some. 2013) and rates of degradation and loss of lowland forests is expected to impact more on the species (F. Goes in some. 2013). Conversion rates of habitat Laos They are described as severe (JW Duckworth in litt. 2013).
Conservation Actions Proposed:
– Conduct periodic surveys to monitor the population trend of the species.
– Conduct surveys and assess the situation in Pakistan (S. Khan in a little. 2013).
– Monitor rates of habitat loss and degradation through the distribution of the species.
– Quantify the impact of harvesting for trade.
– Enforcing trade restrictions.
– Carry out awareness raising activities to discourage the capture and trade.
– Increase the amount of suitable habitat that receives protection.
"Alexandrine Parakeet" in captivity:
The Alexandrine Parakeet is a popular bird among poultry. It is ideal for outdoor aviaries and cannot tolerate temperatures below 5°C.. They reproduce well in aviaries. This Psittacula It is one of the oldest species of captive parrots Eurasian continent. Named after the legendary Emperor Alexander the Great, he had numerous specimens exported by his legionnaires back to various Mediterranean countries. Since then, This parrot has been popular with the nobles of all the countries of Anatolia, European and Mediterranean Empire.
This is a kind active, He likes water and readily accepts different or new foods. It has a vigorous beak and therefore it is important to keep the perch free of toxicity and without chemicals such as disinfectants., fungicides, insecticides or pesticides. The Alexandrine Parakeet, like other parrots, They are among the best imitators.
With regard to its longevity, according to sources, one specimen was still alive after 30 years in captivity. In captivity, these parrots have been known that they can raise from the 4 years of age.
These birds Smart They make good pets for those willing to provide ongoing obedience training. If neglected, or appropriate training is given, the Alexandrine Parakeet it becomes prone to tear the feathers and other behavioral problems. The large and powerful beak of the parrot has a strong bite and therefore not recommended as a pet for children. a large cage is required to accommodate their beautiful, long narrow tail.
It is not a difficult species to breed, in fact usually successful.
Alternative names:
– Alexandrine Parakeet, Alexandrine Parrot, Andaman Parakeet, Large Indian Parakeet, Large Parakeet, Rose-breasted Parakeet (English).
– Perruche alexandre (French).
– Grosser Alexandersittich, Alexandersittich (German).
– Periquito-grande-alexandre (Portuguese).
– Cotorra Alejandrina, Cotorra de Alexander (español).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Photos:
(1) – Alexandrine Parakeet at Kowloon Park, Hong Kong By Charles Lam from Hong Kong, China (YummyUploaded by Snowmanradio) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Alexandrine Parakeet Alexandrine Parrot gold. A 17 year old pet parakeet at home in Mumbai By Rudolph.A.furtado (Own work) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Alexandrine Parakeet (also known as the Alexandrine Parrot) at Rainbow Jungle (The Australian Parrot Breeding Centre), Kalbarri, Western Australia By Sheila Bradford [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – An male Alexandrine Parakeet (also known as Alexandrian Parrot) in a tree By Sammy Sam [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Alexandrine Parakeet (Psittacula eupatria). A pair By derivative work: Snowmanradio (talk)Two_species_of_Psittacula_on_perch.jpg: Thomas Guignard [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Alexandrine Parakeet flapping her wings By Iamoarampage at English Wikipedia [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – Alexandrine Parakeet at Kowloon Park, Hong Kong By Charles Lam from Hong Kong, China (RestingUploaded by Snowmanradio) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(8) – Alexandrine Parakeet at Kowloon Park, Hong Kong By Charles Lam from Hong Kong, China (YummyUploaded by Snowmanradio) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(9) – Alexandrine Parakeet Psittacula eupatria Melghat Tiger Reserve Maharashtra By Dr. Raju Kasambe (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(10) – A painting of an Alexandrine Parakeet, also known at Alexandrian Parrot, (originally captioned «Palæornis hooded. Hooded Parakeet.») by Edward Lear 1812-1888 [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
Origin: Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru, Brazil
Character: active
Life expectancy: ----
Height: 25 cm..
Content
Description:
The Orange-cheeked Parrot(Pyrilia barrabandi) measured, approximately, 25 cm., has the head and throat black, except for the bright colored area amarillento-naranja that goes from the base of the bill up to the lower cheek well behind the eyes.
Upperparts green, lesser coverts, yellow-orange; edge front of the wing
red; primary coverts blue-black; greater coverts bluish green; other coverts, green. Primary, dark blue at the base and in outerweb, If not black; underwing-coverts, bright red, flight feather opaque green. Upper zone of the chest dorado, its bottom and belly, bright blue green, the thighs with orange-yellow feathers. Tail green with blue tip, with yellow bases to the innerwebs of outer feathers.
Bill grey; brown the irises; legs grey.
Both sexes are similar.
The immature has the head Brown golden colour with yellowish brown in cheeks inferiores. Younger birds also has less yellow in the bend of wing, some green feathers in the underwing-coverts and yellow on the tips of the primaries.
They inhabit mainly in lowland forests, apparently less frequently in forests and marshes. They are distributed at the edge of forests and partially disturbed forest, occasionally in small groves in deforested areas. Observed in altitudes of 150-300 metres in Venezuela and 500 meters in the southeast of Colombia. Seen individually, in pairs and in small groups of up to 10 individuals (sometimes more in banks of land rich in minerals). Are activated more early, In the morning, than other parrots and will rest later.
Reproduction:
There is no information about the nesting, but that suggests the registration of immature birds in February and March breeding season It can be between the months of September/October until the end of year.
Food:
Observed taking seeds or fruits of Ficus sphenophylla, Pourouma, Pseudolmedia, Mimosa, Pithecellobium and Heisteria and possibly larvae of the gall wasps. Usually, they feed in the canopy of the trees, or just below them; less frequently in low branches. Regularly visit areas with mineral-rich soil in the company of other species of parrots.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution(reproduction / resident): 3.470.000 km2
This is a kind of basin of the Western Amazon and the Alto Orinoco. Its length extends from the southeast of Colombia, from the Caquetá Western and bass inirida river, Guainia, until Venezuela in amazon and the Center and South of Bolívar and in Brazil in the upper part of the Amazon to the West, from the rivers Negro and Madeira through the rivers Juruá and Purus and to the South towards Mato Grosso, through the East of Ecuador and East of Peru and to the Northwest of Bolivia, in hand me.
They are generally considered rare throughout its distribution area, Although they are fairly common in the Northwest of Bolivia and many in the sandy Woods of bass Inirida River, to the southeast of Colombia. Its population has fallen locally due to deforestation, Although large tracts of primary forest remain in all range States. Live in several areas protected.
Distribution 2 subspecies:
Pyrilia barrabandi aurantiigena
(Gyldenstolpe, 1951) – Is located in the East of Ecuador and to the East of Peru, where is this in the Manu National Park. In the North of Bolivia is it described as frequent to numerous. The extension also comes to Brazil: is limited by the Amazon in the North andRio Madeira from the East (pit et to the., 1997).
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Almost threatened.
• Population trend: Stable.
Justification of the population
The size of the world population It has not been quantified, but this species is described as «Rare» (Stotz et to the., 1996).
Justification of trend
It is suspected that this species has lost 12.1-15% of habitat within its distribution over three generations (21 years) based on a model of Amazon deforestation (Soares-Filho et to the., 2006, Bird et to the., 2011). Given the susceptibility of the species to the fragmentation and degradation of forest and potentially your hunting and/or trapping, It is suspected that its population will decrease at a rate close to the 30% during three generations.
Threats
The main threat This species is the acceleration of the deforestation on amazon basin with large tracts of land used for livestock and soybean production; It is highly susceptible to degradation and fragmentation due to its dependence of primary forests (Soares-Filho et to the. 2006, Bird et to the. 2011, A. Lees in litt. 2011). It can also be vulnerable to the hunt (A. Lees in litt. 2011). The changes proposed by the Forest code of Brazil reduce the percentage of land that a private owner is legally required to maintain as forest and include an amnesty for owners who deforested before July 2008 (who would later be acquitted of the need to reforest illegally cleared land) (Bird et to the. 2011).
"Orange-cheeked Parrot" in captivity:
It is very rare see you in captivity outside of Brazil.
Origin: Mexico, Guatemala, Belice, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama
Character: Sociable
Life expectancy: 50 years
Height: 38 cm..
Content
Description:
38 cm.. length and 705-766 g. of weight.
The Northern Mealy Parrot(Amazona guatemalae) is a large parrot, mainly green, with a large bare periophthalmic white; head green, increasingly off toward the area nape.
The youth similar to adults but eyes brown.
taxonomy:
Treated for decades subspecifically within the species Amazona farinosa. Based on a genetic study of the year 2012 They came to be regarded as a full species.
Subspecies description:
Amazona guatemalae guatemalae
(Sclater,PL, 1860) – Mostly green, with the crown, forecrown and lores, blue; carpal edge Green Wing / yellow; Feathers edges wing
, blue; Red in the secondary feathers; feathers of the tail dark green to light green at the tip. Bill dark grey. Eye ring white, irises red.
Amazona guatemalae virenticeps
(Salvadori, 1891) – Mostly green with less blue on the crown that the subspecies Amazona guatemalae guatemalae; yellower shades / green; carpal edge green / yellow, with varying shades of red; crown green; lores and forecrown, green tinted blue. Bill black / horn. Eye ring white, irises red.
Habitat:
Video "Northern Mealy Parrot"
They inhabit in dense humid lowland forests, especially near the gaps and edges; also they extend lower montane forest plantations and frequent, crops, gallery forests and deciduous forests.
They are in pairs or groups up 20 individuals, with larger congregations in feeding areas. Form noisy flocks in communal roosts high up in big trees out of breeding season, sometimes with several hundred birds. Well camouflaged while feeding quietly on the upper floors of the forest canopy.
Reproduction:
Season April-May Guatemala. Nests in tree holes, to 3-30 height m, once observed in the crack of a stone wall in a Mayan temple. The laying usually three eggs.
Size of its range (Standard playback): 919.000 km2
It is present along the slope of Caribbean of Central America, from Veracruz and Oaxaca, Mexico, to the South by Belice, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica, to western Panama. They are also found in the shed peaceful of Costa Rica and West Panama. Its abundance varies locally, but it is common in many areas.
Subspecies distribution:
Amazona guatemalae guatemalae
(Sclater,PL, 1860) – Caribbean coast from southeast Mexico to the Northwest of Honduras.
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Near-threatened.
• Population trend: In decrease.
Rationale for the Red List category
He suspected this species is undergoing a rapid decrease in moderately population due to habitat loss and unsustainable levels of hunting and trapping.
It lives in humid forest, of gallery and sheets, up to 1700m.
It can also be seen sporadically in coastal areas, possibly in response to food availability.
Reproduction Blue cheeked Parrot:
They walk in pairs or small groups of no more of 4 to 8 individuals.
Reproduction and feeding, there is little information.
In the wild, the breeding season occurs in March in Guyana. In captivity, the female lays 3 eggs that we do not know exactly the incubation period.
Food Blue cheeked Parrot:
We don't know the details of your menu, but it is assumed that they eat almost exclusively seeds, and berries.
Distribution Blue cheeked Parrot:
The Amazona dufresniana It is located in southeast Venezuela (Bolívar, with a record isolated on Amazon), Northern Guyana (north of 5°N), Northeast Suriname and French Guiana northeast (Y way Collar 1991).
There are reports of Para and Amapa, Brazil, where its occurrence seems likely, but there is no conclusive records (Y way Collar 1991, Collar 1995). The scarcity of records from frequently surveyed areas suggests that it is a low-density and rare species., at the least in parts of its range (Y way Collar 1991).
a Guyana, Healthy populations are known in the area in northwestern Aruka Guyana, between the Aruka and Amakuru rivers, the Kaieteur National Park and the Kuribong River, and the Iwokrama Forest Reserve (A. Narine a slightly. 2010)
Conservation:
State of conservation ⓘ
Near Threatened ⓘ(UICN)ⓘ
It is in the category of near threatened. (NT), due to habitat loss and illegal trade.
Classified as near-threatened (NT) on the IUCN Red list (1) listed in Appendix II of the CITES (4).
Conservation in March CITES Appendix II actions. Banded from Canaima National Park (Venezuela), Iwokrama forest reserve (Guyana) and the Brownsberg nature park (Suriname).
Blue cheeked Parrot in captivity:
Rare in captivity.
Placid temperament, seems less active than many Amazon.
Alternative names:
– Blue cheeked Parrot, Blue-checked Parrot, Blue-cheeked Amazon, Blue-cheeked Parrot, Dufresne’s Amazon, Dufresne’s Parrot (English).
– Amazone de Dufresne (French).
– Goldmaskenamazone, Granada Amazone (German).
– Papagaio-de-bochecha-azul (Portuguese).
– Loro de cachetes azules, Amazona Cariazul, Amazona de Cara Azul, Loro cariazul (español).
The Purple-naped Lory(Lorius domicella) has a length of 28 cm.. and an approximate weight of 235 g..
The forecrown, crown and nape black, with variable purple spots on the back of the top. The cheeks, lores and ear-coverts red. Upperparts red, darker in the center of the the mantle. Upper wing Green with white and purple patch in the shoulder. Color bronze in all the upper inner coverts, the most marked inside opaque red. the flight feather Blackish with area central in the interior of color yellow. Underwing-coverts Violet Blue impregnated white. Underwing coverts black; blue purple in them axillary. Parts low Red with band yellow, variable at the top of the chest; Violet Blue the the thighs, slightly impregnated in green. Tail red, reddish brown tipped. Bill orange; irises reddish brown; dark grey the legs.
Males and females are equal. Immature with yellow stripe in the chest more extensive and more diffuse. Bill Brown in very young birds.
In Seram the Purple-naped Lory found in montane and submontane forests, both primary and secondary, a altitude between 400 and 1.050 m; also in the jungle in the this of the island and in the areas cultivated. They move in pairs, rarely in groups and can be territorial. reproductive ecology of the species in the wild is unknown. Forshaw gives details of an instance of poultry farming in which two eggs were laid., hatching around the 25 days; the young are independent only three months more afternoon.
The reproduction of the species in the wild is unknown. Details of breeding in poultry farming establish a clutch of two eggs, incubation in a few 25 days, and the young three months after independence.
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 6.300 km2
endemic to the Seram Islands and Ambon (has also been seen in Buru: probably an escaped bird), in Indonesian. There are no recent records of Ambon or Buru. The current records come from the Manusela National Park (uncommon) and the center of Seram and WAE Fufa (locally common).
In 1987 Bowler and Taylor they found a rate of 0,7 birds per hour in Kineke, in the Manusela National Park; But during nearly two months of observations in 1990, they only saw 10 individuals.
The species is a bird people of cage in Seram and throughout the province of Maluku and the expansion of foreign trade could pose a threat to their survival.
The population worldwide is estimated at less than 20.000 individuals in 1991, but currently, the population, is considered on the rise. VULNERABLE.
Conservation:
• Current IUCN Red List category: Danger.
• Population trend: Decreasing.
This species has been upgraded to In danger Since its population It is suspected that has fallen below 2.500 individuals mature, with more than 250 in any subpopulation mature individuals.
Capture unsustainable for local and national trade, as well as the loss of forests due to logging, oil extraction and hydroelectric power combinations.
These facts, It is suspected, they are causing an downhill fast and constant in the species.
"Purple-naped Lory" in captivity:
Very rare.
Alternative names:
– Purple-naped Lory, Purple naped Lory (ingles).
– Lori des dames (French).
– Erzlori (German).
– Loris-de-nuca-roxa (Portuguese).
– Lori Damisela, Lori Domicela (español).
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