HOW DOGS LEARN FROM HUMAN BEHAVIOR

Can dogs read our minds? How do they learn to ask for food or do they behave badly especially when we don't look at them? According to Monique Udell and his team, the University of Florida, the way in which dogs come to respond to the level of people's attention tells us something about how dogs think and learn about human behavior.

His research, published in the journal Learning & Behaviour, suggests that everything is due to a combination of specific signals, context and experience. Recent work has identified a remarkable range of social behaviors similar to humans in domestic dogs, including its ability to respond to human body language, verbal orders, and the States of attention.

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Is more than demonstrated The damage that tobacco not only produces those people who smoke it, but also to the of his around, The "passive smokers". It seems logical to think if it is harmful to human beings also it for animals that are close and breathe in the noxious air.

Carolynn MacAllister (University of Oklahoma) He has done studies on the subject of pets in homes of people who smoke, and some very unique conclusions reached, that vary according to the type of animal in question.

The Boca cancer It is more frequent in those cats that are in places where, and it is much greater when these cats lead five years living with smokers. There is an explanation of the why this type of cancer in cats is most common: so habits have of licking the skin. This suggests that the beagles should not walk very far, because they also have the usual acuciada of lick their feet to keep them clean. This gesture makes the animal to expose the mucosa of the mouth to harmful substances found in their fur, Hence this type of cancer.

In a study by the University of Colorado, It is demonstrated that the tumor nasal It is more frequent in dogs living in smokers' homes, in those who do smoke-free places. It is more likely in addition if the dog is a large nasal system (long snout) as they accumulate more carcinogenic, While that if they are of shorter snout, they are more exposed to lung cancer. A dog with nasal cancer often die within a year.

Cancer in animals, just as in people, It may be benign or malignant, located in an area or be extended. It is a common disease that also increases with age, responsible for the deaths of pets with over half of 10 years, the incidence in dogs very similar to the persons to be.

To the slightest symptom or suspicion, It is advisable to take the animal to the vet, If diagnosed in time their cure will be more likely to. Therapies are similar to that carried them to humans.

Source: dogs-beagle.com

Los perros que figuran como «Verificado» son aquellos cuyas edades han sido publicadas en Guinness World Records or in other reliable sources. Los que figuran como «no verificadas» son aquellos cuya supuesta edad es de menos certeza.

Source: wilkipedia

Its Visual field range It is broader than that of humans but sees less details, por lo tanto hacia lo que es el fondo de la imagen de visión el perro es «miope» ya que distingue los detales muy borrosos debido a que ven en gradaciones de grises y ciertos rangos de colores pero estas gradaciones se le hacen indistinguibles a cierta distancia.

This type of vision and the increased importance of the other senses in the dog because his predecessors were crepuscular hunters and in light conditions the sight was inefficient, por lo tanto se tenían que guiar más por el olfato y el oído.De esto se concluye que el sistema visual canino está diseñado para ser eficiente bajo condiciones de poca luz en contraste con el humano que se diseñó para trabajar a plena luz del día.

The canine visual system is perfectly capable of working adapting to a wide range of light conditions., its visual in conditions of low light ability helps him as a predator, since if he could not see very well in twilight conditions he would not be able to hunt his prey, la cantidad de luz que necesita un perro para ver es muchísimo menor que la que necesita un ser humano.

The retina of the canine eye is mainly composed of foothoreceptors in the form of canes, These photoreceptors work very well in low light conditions, They also have a limited amount of photoreceptors in cone-shaped working in good lighting conditions. These cones are responsible for in human color vision because the human eye contains large amount of cones and fewer sticks, exactamente al revés que en los canes por lo tanto la visión de éstos no es en colores totalmente.

The night vision or twilight of the dogs is also helped by the use of the lucidum tapetum that resembles a reflective screen located behind the photoreceptors, This membrane is what makes shine the eyes of dogs when light reaches them in the dark, this membrane acts as a kind of light amplifier and makes the photoreceptors work as if there were a greater amount of light. This membrane is located in the upper half of the retina, the lower part is called tepetum nigrum and is composed of dark pigments not refractory, These two parts are the dog to have good vision in conditions of low light or with a very bright sky or light conditions which reflect very clearly (Sea, desert, etc).Los fotorreceptores en bastón son responsables de la detección del movimiento y de las sombras cosa que es más dificil de hacer para los fotorreceptores en cono.

The Dog vision Therefore it is very well prepared to detect movements at distances higher than 850 m, But if the same object is still only can differentiate it into one smaller distance range (less than the 550 m).
The visual field of dogs varies to some degree depending on the breed due to the particular shape of the skull., posición de los ojos y forma y posición de la nariz.

The campo visual A dog average is among the 240 – 250 degrees, much larger than the human that is only 180 degrees. Is this difference in the visual field dogs detected movements to its around us still by his side can not perceive, This visual field is wider than sideways in the dog but turn the dog sees far less detail than the human.The depth of the visual field, as already said, It is directly related to the cranial structure, por lo tanto difiere según la raza y el tipo de cráneo.

The average depth of the visual field In dogs it goes from 30 to the 60 degrees, much smaller than the human that is in 140 degrees through its binocular vision.This shallow in the visual field of the dog makes you cannot very well measured distances far away and allows you to distinguish detail at certain distances, nor are they working in the accommodation of the visual and just focus can carry it out with placed objects between the 50 and 33 cm., In contrast to the children that can do you with placed objects to 7 cm., dogs compensate for this lack using his other senses such as smell and taste, tal como los humanos los perros con la edad comienzan a tener trastornos en la acomodación visual.

The vision or not in colors of dogs there are studies to the contrary and to favour, the most modern and scientifically controlled indicate that dogs have a type of color vision, pero no en los mismos grados que los humanos.

The photoreceptor used in color vision is the cone and cone in the retinas of the dogs have been found. These cones are present but in much fewer numbers and represent slightly less than the 10% del total de los fotorreceptores del perro.

Apparently there are two types of Cones in the canine retina: one of them see in shades of purple and the other type does see yellow greenish shades. Due to this, it could be said that the visual spectrum of dogs is divided into two tonalities., in the purple range- purplish blue (probably more bluish) and the other yellow-green yellow and Red (probably be seen as yellowish).

The greenish-blue tones are probably seen by dogs as grey shades. The dogs are unable to distinguish colors that we appear as green, yellow-green, Orange or red and are also unable to differentiate between the blue-green gray. Pero los perros están mucho mejor capacitados para diferenciar entre las distintas tonalidades de gris que la gente lo que es una gran ventaja para poder ver y discriminar objetos con luz baja.

All preceding may indicate us that the visual system of the canines is worse than the human but this occurs only in some aspects, in others, such as seen in bright or low-light conditions (Sea, desert, snow) differentiation of gray and their depths, etc. the canine system is much more efficient than the human. These differences must be in a 90% a que cada sistema visual está hecho a medida para las condiciones de vida naturales y primitivas de cada especie.

Source:»Vision in dogs», Paul E. Miller, DVM and Christopher J. Murphy, DVM.