Some pet owners have a habit of making fun of their dogs and cats with toys and goodies.

You can enjoy watching your dog looking for without rest a ball you never tiraste, but this kind of jokes can make it unstable and make him an aggressive and disobedient animal.

Classification of dogs according to their functional and obedience intelligence

Of 1 to 10: The 10 races with functional intelligence and highest obedience. Less than five exercises to understand orders new. Ability to remember without the need to repeatedly practice tests. They respond to the first order the 95 % of the times at least. They have a rapid response even at a distance. They learn to properly being trained by coaches relatively inexperienced.

1. Border Collie
2. Poodle
3. German Shepherd
4. Golden Retriever
5. Doberman Pinscher
6. Shetland Sheepdog
7. Labrador Retriever
8. Papillon
9. Rottweiler
10. australian cattle dog

Of 11 to 26: Excellent working dogs. Learning of simple orders between 5 and 15 repetitions of the exercise. Remember easily but do improve with practice. They respond to the first order on the 85 % of the times. For more complex orders need more time. Possibly at some distance from the owner takes a little to respond. Virtually all coaches can obtain good results.

11. Pembroke Welsh Corgi
12. Schnauzer miniature
13. English Springer Spaniel
14. Tervuren Belgium
15. Schipperke / Belgian Shepherd
16. Keeshond / Collie
17. german shorthaired pointer
18. Flat-coated Retriever / English Cocker Spaniel / Standard Schnauzer
19. Breton spaniels
20. Cocker Spaniel
21. Weimaraner
22. Belgian Shepherd Malinois / Bern Bouvier
23. Pomeranian
24. Irish Water Spaniel
25. Vizsla
26. Welsh Corgi Cardigan

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Its Visual field range It is broader than that of humans but sees less details, Therefore, towards what is the background of the vision image, the dog is "myopic" since it distinguishes very blurry details because they see in gradations of gray and certain ranges of colors but these gradations become indistinguishable at a certain distance..

This type of vision and the increased importance of the other senses in the dog because his predecessors were crepuscular hunters and in light conditions the sight was inefficient, therefore they had to be guided more by smell and hearing. From this it is concluded that the canine visual system is designed to be efficient under low light conditions in contrast to the human that was designed to work in broad daylight.

The canine visual system is perfectly capable of working adapting to a wide range of light conditions., its visual in conditions of low light ability helps him as a predator, since if he could not see very well in twilight conditions he would not be able to hunt his prey, the amount of light a dog needs to see is far less than a human needs.

The retina of the canine eye is mainly composed of foothoreceptors in the form of canes, These photoreceptors work very well in low light conditions, They also have a limited amount of photoreceptors in cone-shaped working in good lighting conditions. These cones are responsible for in human color vision because the human eye contains large amount of cones and fewer sticks, exactly to the setback that in dogs therefore the vision of these is not in colors completely.

The night vision or twilight of the dogs is also helped by the use of the lucidum tapetum that resembles a reflective screen located behind the photoreceptors, This membrane is what makes shine the eyes of dogs when light reaches them in the dark, this membrane acts as a kind of light amplifier and makes the photoreceptors work as if there were a greater amount of light. This membrane is located in the upper half of the retina, the lower part is called tepetum nigrum and is composed of dark pigments not refractory, These two parts are the dog to have good vision in conditions of low light or with a very bright sky or light conditions which reflect very clearly (Sea, desert, etc).In Rod photoreceptors are responsible for the detection of movement and the shadows which is more difficult to do in cone photoreceptors.

The Dog vision Therefore it is very well prepared to detect movements at distances higher than 850 m, But if the same object is still only can differentiate it into one smaller distance range (less than the 550 m).
The visual field of dogs varies to some degree depending on the breed due to the particular shape of the skull., position of the eyes and shape and position of the nose.

The campo visual A dog average is among the 240 – 250 degrees, much larger than the human that is only 180 degrees. Is this difference in the visual field dogs detected movements to its around us still by his side can not perceive, This visual field is wider than sideways in the dog but turn the dog sees far less detail than the human.The depth of the visual field, as already said, It is directly related to the cranial structure, therefore it differs according to the race and the type of skull.

The average depth of the visual field In dogs it goes from 30 to the 60 degrees, much smaller than the human that is in 140 degrees through its binocular vision.This shallow in the visual field of the dog makes you cannot very well measured distances far away and allows you to distinguish detail at certain distances, nor are they working in the accommodation of the visual and just focus can carry it out with placed objects between the 50 and 33 cm., In contrast to the children that can do you with placed objects to 7 cm., dogs compensate for this lack using his other senses such as smell and taste, as humans age dogs begin to have disorders in visual accommodation.

The vision or not in colors of dogs there are studies to the contrary and to favour, the most modern and scientifically controlled indicate that dogs have a type of color vision, but not in the same grades than humans.

The photoreceptor used in color vision is the cone and cone in the retinas of the dogs have been found. These cones are present but in much fewer numbers and represent slightly less than the 10% of the total of the photoreceptors of the dog.

Apparently there are two types of Cones in the canine retina: one of them see in shades of purple and the other type does see yellow greenish shades. Due to this, it could be said that the visual spectrum of dogs is divided into two tonalities., in the purple range- purplish blue (probably more bluish) and the other yellow-green yellow and Red (probably be seen as yellowish).

The greenish-blue tones are probably seen by dogs as grey shades. The dogs are unable to distinguish colors that we appear as green, yellow-green, Orange or red and are also unable to differentiate between the blue-green gray. But dogs are much better able to differentiate between the different shades of grey that people which is a great advantage to be able to see and discriminate objects with low light.

All preceding may indicate us that the visual system of the canines is worse than the human but this occurs only in some aspects, in others, such as seen in bright or low-light conditions (Sea, desert, snow) differentiation of gray and their depths, etc. the canine system is much more efficient than the human. These differences must be in a 90% to each visual system is made to measure for each species natural and primitive living conditions.

Source:»Vision in dogs», Paul E. Miller, DVM and Christopher J. Murphy, DVM.

Los perros que figuran como «Verificado» son aquellos cuyas edades han sido publicadas en Guinness World Records or in other reliable sources. Los que figuran como «no verificadas» son aquellos cuya supuesta edad es de menos certeza.

Source: wilkipedia

Is more than demonstrated The damage that tobacco not only produces those people who smoke it, but also to the of his around, The "passive smokers". Parece lógico pensar que si es perjudicial para los seres humanos también lo sea para los animales que están cerca y respiran ese aire nocivo.

Carolynn MacAllister (University of Oklahoma) He has done studies on the subject of pets in homes of people who smoke, and some very unique conclusions reached, that vary according to the type of animal in question.

The Boca cancer It is more frequent in those cats that are in places where, and it is much greater when these cats lead five years living with smokers. There is an explanation of the why this type of cancer in cats is most common: so habits have of licking the skin. This suggests that the beagles should not walk very far, because they also have the usual acuciada of lick their feet to keep them clean. This gesture makes the animal to expose the mucosa of the mouth to harmful substances found in their fur, de ahí este tipo de cáncer.

In a study by the University of Colorado, It is demonstrated that the tumor nasal It is more frequent in dogs living in smokers' homes, in those who do smoke-free places. It is more likely in addition if the dog is a large nasal system (long snout) as they accumulate more carcinogenic, While that if they are of shorter snout, they are more exposed to lung cancer. Un perro con cáncer nasal suele morir antes de un año.

Cancer in animals, just as in people, It may be benign or malignant, located in an area or be extended. It is a common disease that also increases with age, responsible for the deaths of pets with over half of 10 years, siendo la incidencia en perros muy similar a la de las personas.

To the slightest symptom or suspicion, It is advisable to take the animal to the vet, If diagnosed in time their cure will be more likely to. Las terapias son similares a las que se les realizan a los humanos.

Source: dogs-beagle.com

Swedish researchers have found new evidence that the origin of the ancestor wolf variety of domestic dogs is located in the Southeast Asia. These results go against the theories that place the canine cradle in the Middle East.

The doctor Peter Savolainen, researcher in evolutionary genetics at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), concludes in a new study published this Wednesday that an Asian region south of the Yangtze River was the main place, and probably unique, where were wolves first domesticated by man.

Data on genetics, morphology and behavior clearly show that dogs are descended from wolves, but there has never been a scientific consensus on where in the world the domestication process began. «Our analysis of the chromosome and DNA confirms that the wolves were domesticated for the first time south of the Yangtze River, in southern China or Southeast Asia, what you call asy region », says Savolainen.

STRONG EVIDENCE

Chromosome data and support the prior evidence of mitochondrial DNA. "On the whole, The two studies provide strong evidence that dogs originated in this region », says Savolainen.

Archaeological data and a genetic study recently published in Nature magazine suggested that dogs originated in the Middle East. But Savolainen rejects that view. «Because none of these studies includes samples from the ASY region, ASY's evidence has been overlooked », says.

Peter Savolainen and Mattias Oskarsson doctoral student worked with Chinese colleagues to discuss the male DNA of dogs around the world. His study has been published in Heredity scientific journal.

Approximately half of the genetic reserve is shared universally around the world, while only the ASY region had the entire range of genetic diversity. "This shows that the genetic reserves of all other regions of the world probably originate in the ASY region", says Savolainen.

Source: europapress

Pets bear a great deal of humiliation, but one of the most humiliating things that owners love to do is put the tape in their legs.

It seems funny to see cats and dogs twist and adhere to the ground with each step that give. This joke, seemingly innocent, It is frankly a torture for the animal.

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