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Tucuman Parrot
Amazona tucumana

Origin: Argentina, Bolivia
Character: loud and shy
Life expectancy: 40 to 50 years
Height: 31 cm.

Tucuman Parrot

Content

Description:


Anatomy-parrots

31 cm.. length.
The Tucuman Parrot (Amazona tucumana) It is mostly green, with black borders on the feathers, giving the whole a scalloped appearance.

Relatively large and stocky have the forecrown red and eye rings white. Has also patch Red in the wing-coverts (most notoriously in flight); thin yellow line on shoulder almost half of wing ; the primary wing feathers They have the blue tips, and the thighs They are orange-yellow. The tail It is short and feathers yellow.

The bill It is yellowish to pinkish, and eyes adults are orange-yellow. The legs They are pale gray.

As he male as the female They are similar in appearance, but the immature They are generally green in full, with the thighs green than orange and less red on the forecrown. Another key difference between adult and immature is that eyes young people are gray.

Taxonomic note:

Until a few years ago it was considered a subspecies of the Red-spectacled Parrot (Amazona pretrei) (Fjeldså y Krabbe 1990), but now they are recognized as separate species, although closely related to each other and, In addition, with the Vinaceous Parrot (Amazona vinacea), who possibly form a basal group to all other parrots of the genus (Russello y Amato 2004).

  • Sound of the Amazona tucumana.

Habitat:

Video – "Tucuman Parrot"

Unser Tucuman Amazone Lacky 6 year old
Watch this video on YouTube.

It is found in open forests Andean mountain forests Yungas, particularly in areas with Alnus acuminata or Podocarpus parlatorei, as well as other species of Alnus, Podocarpus and Nothofagus. This species It is in elevations of between 1.600 and 2.600 metres in the breeding season, but during the non-breeding season they descend to lower elevations of about 350 m. Right now, sometimes you can enter inhabited areas.

Often gathers in large flocks, often numbering more than 200 individuals.

Reproduction:

The Tucuman Parrot They breed between November and January or February, building usually your nest in a hole in a tree Alnus or Podocarpus. The normal size clutch is three to four eggs, although they have been reported sunsets from one to five eggs. The incubation lasts around 26 to 29 days, usually it is the female that the male incubates and which feeds, and the main source of food for chicks come from seeds and flowers Podocarpus parlatorei. Young they leave the nest usually after seven to nine weeks.

Food:

The Tucuman Parrot They feed on trees Family Myrtaceae, as well as the seeds and flowers trees as Podocarpus parlatorei, Juglans australis and Alnus, of the immature fruits of the species Cedrela and flowers species Erythrina.

Distribution and status:

Size of its range (breeding/resident ): 86.200 km2

The Amazona tucumana It is located in northwest Argentina and in southern Bolivia, where it is known in 12 locations departments Tarija, Chuquisaca and Santa Cruz (A. Maccormick in some. 2005, R. Hoyer in some. Slightly., 2012).

A recent study of the situation and distribution of the species Argentina registered 6.015 individuals (Rivera et al., 2007) and estimated that the Argentine population amounted to about 10.000 birds, but around 20.000 They were exported from Argentina in the mid 80, suggesting that there may have been a substantial population decline.

After inclusion in the Appendix I of the CITES, international trade was cut, although the continuous local exploitation. But, It does not appear that the stocks have recovered, and loss of habitat is of concern, particularly in Argentina, where their habitat is highly degraded and there are only a few remains of small forests and isolated. Threats to habitat are less severe in Bolivia, but the species has declined there and is projected to continue to do so (A. Maccormick in a bit., 2005).

The main concentrations of this species in Bolivia are in clad hills, Villa Serrano and Tariquía National Reserve of Flora and Fauna, with 1.643 individuals recorded in several places during a recent study (Rivera et al., 2009).

Conservation:

State of conservation ⓘ

Vulnerable Vulnerable ⓘ (UICN)ⓘ

• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Vulnerable.

• Population trend: Decreasing.

• Population size : 6000-15000.

Rationale for the Red List category

This species is classified as Vulnerable, as it is experiencing rapid population decline due to the loss of habitat and capture for the bird trade.

Justification of the population

A recent study of the situation and distribution of the species Argentina registered 6,015 individuals and Argentina estimated that the population was approximately 10.000 birds (L. Rivera in a bit., 2004). It also, 1.643 individuals were recorded at several sites in Bolivia during another recent study (Rivera et al., 2007). The total population is thus situated in the band 10.000-19.999 individuals (L. Rivera in a bit., 2012). This is equivalent to 6,667-13,333 mature individuals, rounded here to 6,000-15,000 mature individuals.

Justification of trend

The results of the survey, observations on habitat loss and the local occurrence of the species, and catch and trade data suggest that the population is suffering rapid population decline (L. Rivera in some.)

Conservation Actions Underway

• CITES Appendix I, although the convention is not respected in Bolivia (AB Hennessey in litt., 2012).

• Present in several protected areas, including the El Rey National Park, Argentina, mainly in the non-breeding season (L. Rivera in some. 2012).

• In 2006, was appointed the Iñao National Park and Integrated Management Natural Area, which it was the basis for the conservation of one of the largest shelters species Bolivia (Rivera Et al . 2009).

• A species conservation action plan is currently being developed for each of its native countries. (L. Rivera in a bit., 2012).

Conservation Actions Proposed

• Apply the local trade ban (L. Rivera in a bit., 2012).

• Evaluate the current population size.

• Produce a species action plan.

• Conduct additional research to clarify the scope of the current threat of trade.

• Effectively protect core areas of remaining habitat; review their habitat requirements and complement nesting sites using boxes where appropriate (AB Hennessey in some. 2012).

• Address unsustainable use of resources and illegal activities in protected areas..

• Designate a clad hills a protected area.

The Tucuman Parrot in captivity:

Parrots Gender Amazona are among the most recognizable and sought-after pet birds. Their colorful plumage and ability to imitate the human voice have made them highly sought after for centuries, and one unfortunate consequence of this is the threatened status of most species. (Russello y Amato 2004). In the Red list of Threatened Species International Union for the conservation of nature, 16 parrot species of this genus are included either as Vulnerable, Endangered or Critically Endangered (IUCN 2010). In the same way, 16 species are listed in Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES).

The Amazona tucumana It is a species that should only be kept in captive with the sole purpose of achieving their reproduction and subsequent insertion into the wild.

Alternative names:

– Tucuman Parrot, Alder Amazon, Alder Parrot, Tucuman Amazon (English).
– Tucumanaamazone, Tucumanamazone (German).
– Amazone de Tucuman (French).
– Papagaio-tucumă (Portuguese).
– Amazona Alisera, Amazona Tucumana, Loro alisero (español).
– Loro alisero (Argentina).
– Loro alisero (Bolivia).


scientific classification:

Jean Louis Cabanis
Jean Louis Cabanis

– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittacidae
– Genus: Amazona
– Scientific name: Amazona tucumana
– Citation: (Cabanis, 1885)
– Protonimo: Chysotis tucumana


Images Tucuman Parrot:

Videos "Tucuman Parrot"

Parrots in the world

Species of the genus Amazona


Sources:

– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– RIVERA, Luis; POLICE, Natalia y BUCHER, Enrique H. Ecology and conservation of the Alder Parrot (Amazona tucumana). Hornero [online]. 2012, vol.27, n.1 [aforementioned 2017-01-29], pp. 51-61 . Available in: . ISSN 0073-3407.

– Photos:

(1) – Tucuman Parrot (Amazona tucumana) by birdsandbirds

– Sounds: Niels Krabbe, XC29107. accessible www.xeno-canto.org/29107

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Red-throated Parakeet
Psittacara rubritorquis

Origin: Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua
Character: shy
Life expectancy: 35 to 40 years.
Height: 28 cm..

Aratinga gorgirroja

Content

Description:


Anatomy-parrots

28 cm.. length and 130 g. of weight.
The Red-throated Parakeet (Psittacara rubritorquis) they have a plumage, in general, green, with yellow tones in the underparts; orange-red in the throat and on the front of the neck, with yellow-orange feathers scattered; variety of pens of color red orange scattered in the part low of them cheeks and both sides of the neck; blue tint on primary coverts and vane outer of the flight feather; underwing-coverts brighter yellowish green; below, the flight feather yellow color without brightness.

The bill color horn. Bare area of the eye ring grayish brown. The irises orange.

Ilustración Aratinga gorgirroja

The male and female are similar.

The immature with the throat red, absent in the cheeks and both sides of the neck. The irises brown.

Habitat:

Video – "Red-throated Parakeet" (Psittacara rubritorquis)

Aratinga holochlora rubritorquis
Watch this video on YouTube.

The Red-throated Parakeet is located in altitudes that range between the 600 and 1.800 m, in a variety of wooded areas, Save the rainforest.

They can be observed in humid forests, Open with weeds and growing areas areas in Guatemala; forests of Pinus sp in Nicaragua.

Is in flocks outside the breeding season, and couples during courtship and nesting season. Larger congregations are produced when food is abundant.

Reproduction:

The nesting takes place in tree cavities, cracks in rocks, holes from woodpeckers, holes in buildings or in tree termite mounds.
The breeding season is between the months of January and August and the laying tends to be of 3-4 eggs.

Food:

With feeds seed, nuts, berries and fruits. It can also feed on cultivated seeds and corn..
Sometimes, considered a pest to crops.

Distribution:

Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 139.000 km2

Distributed by the Eastern Highlands of Guatemala and El Salvador (apparently only a record) to the South by Honduras to the North of Nicaragua.

Conservation:

State of conservation ⓘ

minor concern Minor Concern ⓘ (UICN)ⓘ

• Red List category of the UICN current: Least concern

• Population trend: Stable

The size of the world population It has not been quantified, but this species is described as «quite common» (Stotz et to the. 1996).

The population of Red-throated Parakeet suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence of any reduction or substantial threats.

Not threatened globally (least concern). CITES II

"Red-throated Parakeet" in captivity:

Pretty rare in captivity.

Alternative names:

– Red-throated Parakeet, Green Parakeet (Red-throated), Red-throated Conure (inglés).
– Conure à gorge rouge, Perruche à gorge rouge (francés).
– Rotkehlsittich, Guatemalasittich (alemán).
– Periquito-de-papo-vermelho (portugués).
– Aratinga Gorgirroja, Aratinga gorjirroja, Perico Gorjirrojo, perico garganta roja, Periquito Hondureño (español).
– Perico Gorjirrojo (México).


scientific classification:

Philip Sclater
Philip Sclater

– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittacidae
– Genus: Psittacara
– Scientific name: Psittacara rubritorquis
– Citation: (Sclater, PL, 1887)
– Protonimo: conurus rubritorquis


Parakeet images gorgirroja:

Aratinga-gorgirroja-(5)
Aratinga-gorgirroja-(4)
Aratinga-gorgirroja-(3)
Aratinga-gorgirroja-(2)

Parrots in the world

Species of the genus Psittacara

Sources:

– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife

– Photos:

(1) – Red-throated Parakeet (Aratinga rubritorquis) also called Red-throated Conure at Macaw Mountain Bird Park and Nature Reserve, Copan, Honduras By Lauri Väin [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – A Red-throated Parakeet (also called Red-throated Conure) at Macaw Mountain Bird Park, Copan Ruinas, Honduras By Sarah and Jason (originally posted to Flickr as IMG_6987) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Two Red-throated Parakeets at Kakegawa Kacho-en, Kakegawa, Shizuoka, Japan By Takashi Hososhima from Tokyo, Japan (Green with envyUploaded by snowmanradio) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Psittacara rubritorquis by Psittaciformes .NL – pinterest
(5) – Psittacara rubritorquis by Bellas Aves de El Salvador
(6) – Conurus rubritorquis by Joseph Smit [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

– Sounds: Mayron McKewy Mejia (Xeno-canto)

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Red-spectacled Parrot
Amazona pretrei

Origin: Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina
Character: Take it easy.
Life expectancy: 40 years or more.
Height: 32 cm..

Red-spectacled Parrot

Unknown until years 80, when a few came to Europe

Content

Description:


Anatomy-parrots

32 cm.. length and 295 g. of weight.

The Red-spectacled Parrot (Amazona pretrei) has the forecrown, lores, fore crown and upper cheeks up to the ear-coverts, bright red; back of the crown, nape, the mantle, back and rump, green with a narrow terminal band black in most feathers; scapulars green; uppertail-coverts pale green. Leading edge of wing, carpal area, alula and primary coverts, bright red; other coverts, narrow green with black tips.

Flight feathers, violet blue green tips. Under wings green. The underparts they are mostly green, slightly tinged with yellowish, with black tips on most feathers giving a scalloped effect; the thighs red; undertail-coverts pale yellowish green. Tail green with broad pale yellowish-green tip and patches of red on base of innerwebs of the three feathers outermost. The bill pale yellow with pale orange based on upper jaw; bare periophthalmic white; iris orange; legs gris pardusco.

Red-spectacled Parrot

The female probably it shows much less red in the wing with the carpal edge and primary coverts, mostly or completely green. Immature apparently similar to female adult.

Note Taxonomy:

It´s monotype. It is sometimes considered conspecific with Amazona tucumana, but they are best treated as forming a superspecies.

Sound of the Red-spectacled Parrot

Habitat:

"Red-spectacled Parrot"
Red-spectacled Parrot, Amazona pretrei
Watch this video on YouTube.

This rider is strongly associated with forests Araucaria angustifolia for use as roosts non-breeding season. It prefers open savanna forests and low riparian forests for reproduction, with trees and conifers of the genus Podocarpus, Scutia and Celtis and where they are absent Araucaria angustifolia. Most records place her at altitudes between 300-1.000 m, but they are distributed and breed at lower elevations in southern Rio Grande do Sul.

They disperse in pairs during breeding but are highly gregarious outside of breeding season. They form large concentrations community, often in plantations pinus exotic and Eucalyptus. The largest winter meetings coincide with the ripening seeds araucaria. flocks of 30 to 50 birds, composed of young adults and newborns, They may meet before the dispersion, from breeding areas to winter quarters.

Reproduction:

The Red-spectacled Parrot nest in tree hollows, for example, Casearia, Ouillaja brasiliensis and Ficus. With reproduce at the end of September to January, with young people and fledglings, usually, in early December in the south. Clutch 2-4 eggs.

Food:

Foods reported include seeds of Araucaria angustifolia (especially important in May-August) and Podocarpus lambertii (important in some areas in January-February), fruits of Eugenia, Campomanesia and Melia. The diet is altered with the town and the station. They take a variety of fruit in the spring and summer (October to February), among others: Cupania, Eugenia, Phytolacca, Allophylus, Nectandra, Ocotea, Campomanesia, Cytharexylum, Myrcianthes, Blepharocalyx, Ficus and Symplocos.

The diurnal movements cover up 100 km, perhaps in relation with the availability of food.

Distribution and status:

Size of its range (breeding/resident ): 95.400 km2

This species is endemic to South Brazil and distributed only in the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina (Martínez, 1996). Some individuals have been recorded in the forests Missions, in the northeast of Argentina (Chebez 1994) and they have recently also been reported from Paraguay (sec Lowcn et al., 1997).

It is a kind Nomad; They tend to focus on the remaining forests Araucaria Southeast Santa Catarina between March and June to feed on seeds production Araucaria augustifolia. During August and January, the Red-spectacled Parrot They are dispersed in small flocks ranging from tens to hundreds of individuals in a wide distribution throughout the state Rio Grande do Sul, particularly in habitats Cima da Serra fields, Plateau East, Alto Uruguay, Depression Central and Southeast Saws.

Reductions in seed supply Araucaria They may have been the cause of change in the feeding of Ecological Station Aracuri-Esmeralda in 1991 (Municipality of many capons) to areas around Southeast Santa Catarina. Here the remaining forest patches of Araucaria They can provide enough seed to feed the populations Red-spectacled Parrot. The intensive cattle grazing and agriculture have almost eradicated habitat Araucaria. These habitat impacts have reduced natural regeneration and may also have reduced the number of nesting sites in old trees..

a census in 1994 It estimated the total population of the Red-spectacled Parrot in 10.000 individuals, Repeated surveys have shown the sizes of the nearby population 12.600 individuals in 1996. and about 16.300 individuals in 1997 (J. Martinez in litigation 1997, N. Prestes in the proceedings 1997).

Conservation:

State of conservation ⓘ

Vulnerable Vulnerable ⓘ (UICN)ⓘ

• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Vulnerable.

• Population trend: Decreasing.

Rationale for the Red List category

The combination of a comparison of population estimates 1971 and 1997 and deforestation rates over the same period suggest that the species has declined rapidly, qualifying the species as Vulnerable. Current threats loss of habitat and capture suggest that this decline is likely to continue.

Justification of trend

Se sospecha una continued rapid population decline due to destruction, degradation and fragmentation of habitat and illegal trade.

Conservation Actions Underway

• Appendix I and II of CITES.

• This species is considered Vulnerable nationwide (Silveira y Straube 2008, MMA 2014) and protected Brazilian law.

• There are breeding populations in five reserves and two southern winter feeding sites are protected. (Wege and Long 1995).

• Nevertheless, less than 1% Annual range, and less than 4% of each seasonal range is within protected areas (Marini et al., 2010).

• Provided artificial nests but not occupied (Snyder et to the ., 2000).

• Since 1991 It is conducting a campaign public awareness (Prestes et al . , 1997, Snyder et to the . 2000).

Conservation Actions Proposed

• Carry out surveys to obtain an estimate of the population size updated.

• Carry out periodic surveys to assess the population trends.

• Study the current levels of off-take for the trade.

• Monitor rates of habitat loss and degradation.

• Protect breeding areas in Caçapava do Sul and Santana da Boa Vista.

• Improve the management of protected areas.

• Apply the law to collectors and, especially, dealerships, Looking for vehicles between December and February (Prestes et al ., 1997).

• Continue the campaign of sensitization.

The Red-spectacled Parrot in captivity:

Unknown until years 80, when a few reached Europe; not well known elsewhere.

relatively silent compared to other Amazonian species. Inquisitivas although generally quiet. have a nice nature, but they can occasionally be quite noisy, especially first thing in the morning and evening. They become confident relatively quickly. outside the breeding season, They can be set in a colony system. chewing hard and excellent flying and stair climbers, so they need ample opportunities for exercise.

Its captive breeding rarely it has succeeded.

It is believed that the main threat to this bird is the illegal domestic trade, particularly in the municipalities of Lagoa Vermelha, Barracao, Esmeralda and many capons. About 500 chicks are taken annually from nests to be sold in large urban centers Caxias do Sul, Florianópolis, Curitiba and São Paulo (Prestcs et al., 1997).

It is a species that should only be kept in captivity for the purpose of achieving its reproduction and subsequent insertion into the wild..

Alternative names:

1 – Red-spectacled Parrot, Pretre’s Amazon, Pretre’s Parrot, Red spectacled Parrot, Red-spectacled Amazon (English).
2 – Amazone de Prêtre (French).
3 – Prachtamazone (German).
4 – papagaio-da-serra, charã, Charao, charão, chorão, maragato, Papagaio-charão, papagaio-chorão, serrano (Portuguese).
5 – Amazona Charao, Amazona de Cabeza Roja, Charao, CharaoChorao (español).


scientific classification:

Temminck Coenraad Jacob
Temminck Coenraad Jacob

– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittacidae
– Genus: Amazona
– Scientific name: Amazona pretrei
– Citation: (Temminck, 1830)
– Protonimo: Psittacus pretrei


Images Red-spectacled Parrot:

Amazona-Charao-(9)
Amazona-Charao-(8)
Amazona-Charao-(7)
Amazona-Charao-(6)
Amazona-Charao-(5)
Amazona-Charao-(4)
Amazona-Charao-(3)
Amazona-Charao-(2)

Parrots in the world

Species of the genus Amazona


Sources:

– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife

Photos:

(1) – Red-spectacled Amazon that is kept as a pet in Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil By Marie (originally posted to Flickr as Perroquet familial) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – A pet Red-spectacled Amazon in a parrot cage. It is 32 cm land and 295 gm in wt By Amazona_pretrei_-bird_cage-8c.jpg: Andrea O Guimarães derivative work: Snowmanradio [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Red-spectacled Amazon that is kept as a pet in Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Some of its wing feathers are clipped By Amazona_pretrei_-Rio_Grande_do_Sul_-Brazil-8e.jpg: Mariederivative work: Snowmanradio [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Red-spectacled Amazon that is kept as a pet in Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil By Marie [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Amazona pretrei, a native of the southernmost Brasil. Specimen in Palmitos Park, Gran Canaria By Bjoertvedt (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 or GFDL], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – A pet Red-spectacled Amazon in captivity. It has a ring on its right leg By Andrea O Guimarães (originally posted to Flickr as I’m watching you) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – Red-spectacled Amazon that is kept as a pet in Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil By Marie (originally posted to Flickr as Temporaire) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(8) – Red-spectacled Amazon that is kept as a pet in Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil By Marie (originally posted to Flickr as Calins… :)) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(9) – A pet Red-spectacled Amazon in a parrot cage. It is 32 cm land and 295 gm in wt By Andrea O Guimarães [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(10) – Amazona pretrei = Psittacus pretei = Priest Parrot By Jean-Gabriel Prêtre (1768–1849) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

Sounds: Vitor Q. Piacentini, XC27028. accessible www.xeno-canto.org/27028.

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Imperial Parrot
Amazona imperialis

Origin: Dominica
Character: Social
Life expectancy: ----
Height: 45 cm..

Imperial Parrot

Content

Description:


Anatomy-parrots

The largest gender Amazona, measuring up 45 cm.. length.

The Imperial Parrot (Amazona imperialis) has the lores and forecrown, deep purple; cheeks and ear-coverts, brown; crown purple with dark emerald edges; sides neck and nape, deep purple with black tips, sometimes with a subterminal band emerald.

Mantle, back and scapulars, green bluish tipped pens some. Wing coverts green with scarlet at bend of wing. Primaries dark brown-black with green at the base of the outerweb; outer secondaries purple with a patch crimson in color outerweb, forming a speculum; inner secondary dark green tipped blue.

Imperial Parrot

Under wings green, coverts with blue tips. Throat, chest and belly, deep purple with black tips; some feathers (especially in the chest) show the subterminal band pinkish-vinous or olive-green, while others (visible from certain angles) bright blue sides and ends; the thighs and sides belly green with blue tips; undertail-coverts green with blue markings and vinous. Tail green at the base with a subterminal band dull reddish-brown and vinous tip. Bill dark horn, paler at the base; irises orange; legs dark gray.

The female is paler. The immature It has green on crown, the nape and lower cheeks.

  • Sound of the Imperial Parrot.

Habitat:

Video "Imperial Parrot"
First Captive-bred Imperial Parrot (Amazona imperialis)
Watch this video on YouTube.

The Imperial Parrot frequents the canopy of primary rainforest mountain, sometimes dwarf forests (above 1.200 m), preferring areas with mature trees Dacryodes excelsa and palms as Euterpe dominicana.
Mainly they distributed in altitudes of 600-1300 m, but reports at altitudes 150-300 meters when birds fall in response to food shortages or food preferences. The communal roosts They form in traditional sites, for example in large trees Dacryodes or Sloanea berteriana, They are using one year to another (but not necessarily throughout the year.

Reproduction:

Nest in holes in high forest trees, for example Dacryodes or Sloanea. The nesting territory, probably defended throughout the year. Breeding season usually occurs during the dry season between February June, when resources are more abundant. Clutch two eggs. Possibly they breed only every two years, with one calf usually per clutch.

Food:

Foods reported include fruits of Dacryodes, Licania ternatensis, Richeria grandis, Amanoa caribaea, Simarouba amara, Symphonia giobulifera, Pouteria pallida, Tapura antillana, flowers and fruits of Chimarrhis cymosa, nuts and sprouts young palms Euterpe. Usually it is fed in the morning and evening.

Distribution and status:

Size of its range (breeding/resident): 240 km2

The Imperial Parrot It is endemic to the Dominica Island in the Lesser Antilles. Formerly she lived in the central highlands around Morne Diablotin (1.447 m, the highest mountain in Dominica) in the North of Morne Anglais, in the South. In 1950 It was reduced to two disjoint forest areas, about Morne Diablotin and around Morne Anglais, where the last reliable sight was in 1983. In Morne Diablotin, per se, birds found in increasing altitudes due to habitat loss and alteration on the lower slopes. Probably now absent on the south side, with the northwest side, particularly in the upper valley of Picard River, in the area of Morne Plaisance and Dyer Estates, being of critical importance.

Resident. Early observers believed that the Imperial Parrot It was scarce. further investigation (1870) revealed that it was common to abundant, but the numbers dwindled rapidly due to the loss of habitat, hunting and capture for the pet trade. The census 1975 He suggested a total of 150-250 birds. In 1979, only 16 in Morne Anglais, when a hurricane further reduced the population. In 1987 a survey estimated the total population to 60 specimens. One census 1990 He suggested 80 parrots (possibly, but less than 100), with 80-100 estimated 1993. The species is at serious risk of loss of habitat (mainly due to the conversion of forest tree crop plantations, especially bananas, provided by the new infrastructure) and impacts of hurricanes (to which birds are highly vulnerable in such a restricted range) that destroy food plants and nesting sites. Hunting and gathering for local pet markets have significantly decreased thanks to a Program successful conservation education. Foreign collectors birds remain a persistent threat, but birds are extremely rare in captivity locally or in international trade. Part habitat is protected in the North Forest Reserve, but the important neighboring areas are excluded and remain at risk. Completely protected by national legislation. CITES Appendix I.

Conservation:

State of conservation ⓘ

Endangered Endangered ⓘ (UICN)ⓘ

• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: In danger of extinction.

• Population trend: Increasing.

• Population size: 160-240

Rationale for the Red List category

Conservation action in recent 30 years has improved the situation of this species. Numbers have increased in recent years, but they can still only stay 250 mature individuals, calling the species as endangered. If the population continues to increase, It will be finally reduced to Vulnerable unless there is concomitant decreases in available habitat.

Justification of the population

The population is estimated at 250-350 individuals in total, approximately equivalent to 160-240 mature individuals (PR Reillo in a bit., 2012).

Justification of trend

No new data on demographic trends, but it is suspected that the species continues to increase at a rate not quantified due to conservation efforts.

Threats

A combination of habitat loss (mainly conversion to plantations, especially bananas (Snyder et to the., 2000) , and hurricane-related damage), It hunting for food and capture for the cage bird trade, They have been the main reasons for the decline of this species to 1990 (PR Reillo in some). Local trade has been considerably reduced, if not eliminated, as a result of a successful education program, but foreign collectors birds may pose a threat (Snyder et to the., 2000). The competition for nesting sites of the largest Red-necked Parrot (Amazona arausiaca) presumably it will be more significant as the lowland forest is lost and the two species are increasingly putting contact (Ministry of Agriculture and Environment of Dominica 2000).

Conservation Actions Underway

Appendices I and II of CITES. It is protected by national legislation. In recent years, They have made considerable efforts to protect adequate habitat and sensitize local citizens to their needs. Successful education programs for conservation have significantly reduced local trade. It is protected in all national parks, Forest Reserve in North and Central Forest Reserve, but important areas adjacent to these reserves remain unprotected (Ministry of Agriculture and Environment of Dominica 2000, Snyder et to the., 2000). An area 33 km 2 of North Forest Reserve it has been designated as Morne Diablotin National Park (Collar (1997to, Wiley et al 2007) . It is also present in small amounts in the Morne Trois Pitons National Park (Reillo 2001, Wiley et al., 2007) . In 2011 reports of the first captive breeding of the species were published (Reillo et al., 2011).

Conservation Actions Proposed

Monitor the population. Continue the implementation of the protection of National Parks Morne Diablotin and Morne Trois Pitons and Forest Reserves North and Central. Study the ecology of this species and the factors that affect its status (including interspecific competition) (Ministry of Agriculture and Environment of Dominica 2000, Zamora y Durand 1998, Wiley et al 2007) . Continue prohibiting trade in this species, exports for captive breeding and importation of non-native psittachines as pets in Dominica (PR Reillo in some. 2012).

The Imperial Parrot captive:

Completely protected by national legislation. CITES Appendix I.

Each captive specimen of this species which is capable of reproducing, It is placed in a well-managed program captive breeding and not be sold as a pet, with the objective of ensure their survival long-term.

Alternative names:

– August Parrot, Dominican Amazon, Dominican Parrot, Imperial Amazon, Imperial Parrot (English).
– Amazone de Bouquet, Amazone de la Dominique, Amazone impériale, Amazone sisserou (French).
– Kaiseramazone (German).
– Papagaio-imperial (Portuguese).
– Amazona Imperial (español).

Charles Wallace Richmond

scientific classification:


– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittacidae
– Genus: Amazona
– Scientific name: Amazona imperialis
– Citation: Charles Wallace Richmond (American ornithologist), 1899
– Protonimo: Amazona imperialis


Images Imperial Parrot:
Parrots in the world

Species of the genus Amazona


Sources:

Avibase
Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
Birdlife

Photos:

(1) – Imperial Amazon (also known as the Imperial Parrot and Sisserou Parrot) at the Parrot Conservation and Research Centre Botanical Gardens, Roseau, Dominica By Amazona_imperialis_-Roseau_-Dominica_-aviary-6a.jpg: Andrew Szymanskiderivative work: Snowmanradio [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Amazona imperialis By David William Mitchell (1813–1859) (The Genera of Birds. Volume 2) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

Sounds: Jesse Fagan, XC188165. accessible Sound of Imperial Amazon

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Red-lored Amazon
Amazona autumnalis

Origin: Belice, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Venezuela
Character: Loving and loyal
Life expectancy: 27 years
Height: 35,5 to 38,1 cm..

Red-lored Amazon


Anatomy-parrots

Content

Description:

35,5 to 38,1 cm.. height and between 314 and 485g. weight.

The Red-lored Amazon (Amazona autumnalis) is distinguished by its red front; Green with edge lilac it nape ; crown lilac; stain red in the wing , and tail blue margin.
The bill is grey with the upper jaw yellowish-horn. The irises his eye is orange. The legs are of color gray greenish.
They do not possess sexual dimorphism, that is to say, there is no physical difference between the male and the female.

Description 3 subspecies:

Amazona autumnalis lilacina Lesson, 1844

  • Amazona autumnalis autumnalis

    (Linnaeus, 1758) – Nominal.


  • Amazona autumnalis lilacina

    (Lesson, 1844) – It has a red band in the forecrown that it extends over them eyes; the cheeks Yellow.


  • Amazona autumnalis salvini

    (Salvadori, 1891) – It has cheeks and ear-coverts green; the basis of the tail by under Red.

Habitat:

Video – "Red-lored Amazon"

Amazonas autumnalis
Watch this video on YouTube.

This amazon frequents a wide range of habitats wooded and open with trees, including rainforest, tropical deciduous forest, pine forests, mangroves, forest swamps, gallery woods, areas cultivated with trees high and plantations; also forest dry in the South of Ecuador.

The Red-lored Amazon move from the rainforest (breeding season) to a habitat more open in winter in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. The altitudes that inhabit range from sea level to the 320 metres in Oaxaca, 1.100 metres in Honduras, 800 metres in the Caribbean, 1.000 meters on the slopes of the peaceful of Costa Rica, and 1.000 metres in Colombia.
The birds tend to be in pairs or in flocks loose, being more gregarious When feed (occasionally macaws) and when resting. outside the breeding season, birds take refuge in tall trees in gallery forests or mangroves.

Reproduction:

They nest during the seasonal dry in hollow of trees (usually dead, for example, Tabebuia or Ceiba) or on the stump of a Palm tree. Birds in State reproductive in April, Oaxaca; February-March, Belice; March, Guatemala; January-February, Colombia. Reproduce between February-April, Panama; March-may, Belice and January-March, Ecuador. Clutch 3-4 eggs.

The incubation varies from 25 to 26 days. The chicks remain in the nest 70 days.

Food:

In the wild these birds feed on figs Ficus, orange, Mango, fruits of Palm (including the of Cordia lutea and Spondias purpurea), coffee beans (Coffea arabica), seeds of Ferrule, Casearia and Protium. Mainly are feeds in the tops of trees high.

Distribution:

Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 2.570.000 km2

The Red-lored Amazon It extends from the South of Mexico north of South America with a population disjunct in the amazon.
You can find in them lands low of the this of Mexico, in the South of Tamaulipas, in the East of San Luis Potosi, Puebla, Oaxaca, Chiapas, Tabasco, Campeche and Quintana Roo. Records from other parts of the country (for example, City of Mexico) probably you refer to leak.
You can see in Belice and in the lowlands of the Caribbean of Guatemala and Honduras (including Roatan and Guanaja in Bay islands and probably soon in Utila), until Nicaragua and Costa Rica, where they are present in humid areas of the tropics on both slopes (absent from the dry Northwest ), also in Panama and on the islands of Coiba and Escudo de Veraguas and in the Archipelago of pearls (absent from the driest areas of the Azuero Peninsula).

In the Northwest of Colombia appear on the Pacific slope of the Western Andes from the Panamanian border to the South up to the Serrania del Baudo and from the southwest of Cauca south to Ecuador in the Gulf of Guayaquil. Also it extends to the North of the Andes in Colombia to Magdalena Medio and to the East in the Northwest of Venezuela in Zulia (Sierra de Perija).

In the Northwestern basin of the brazilian amazon a disjunct population exists between Black river and Solimões River.

Usually resident with some local seasonal habitat preferences (for example, in Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico). Is usually the most common parrot and more numerous in some parts of the range (for example, in parts of Central America) but now is a species very rare to the West of them Andes in Ecuador and Colombia with a population of the subspecies Amazona autumnalis lilacina estimated in 400-600 specimens.

Population decreased drastically in the island of Roatan (Honduras) where he captured it is massively for export, and maybe missing in Utila for the same reason.

Capture combined with the loss of habitat also has caused declines in some other parts of its area of distribution (for example, east of Mexico and Ecuador). common in captivity in some areas, and marketed internationally.

Distribution 3 subspecies:

  • Amazona autumnalis autumnalis

    (Linnaeus, 1758) – Nominal. Coast of the Caribbean from the East of Mexico South to North of Nicaragua.


  • Amazona autumnalis lilacina

    (Lesson, 1844) – West of Ecuador.


  • Amazona autumnalis salvini

    (Salvadori, 1891) – North of Nicaragua south to Colombia and Venezuela.

Conservation:

State of conservation ⓘ

minor concern Minor Concern ⓘ (UICN)ⓘ

• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.

• Population trend: Decreasing.

This species has a very large range and, Therefore, is not approaching the thresholds of Vulnerability at the discretion of the distribution area size.

The population size is very large and, therefore, not approaching the thresholds for vulnerable under the criterion of population size (<10.000 mature individuals with an estimated continuous decrease in> 10% in ten years or three generations or with a specific population structure). For these reasons, the species is evaluated as least concern.

Justification of trend

It is suspected that the population is in decline due to the continuous destruction of the habitat and to levels of exploitation unsustainable.

The Amazona lored in captivity:

Is of vital importance that the diet is complete and balanced in all directions, as this prevents, along with other factors, the appearance of bone problems or the known software that affects numerous parrots. To ensure the balance of this, prepared feed very well supply the nutritional needs of each animal, However, they should not miss plant, fruits and vegetables, as well as diversity of seeds that come in mixture.

As for accommodation, If they are not removed from cage constantly, it should be spacious enough to exercise the muscles of the wings and legs, and the plumage of the bird is preserved in perfect condition.

The Red-lored Amazon enjoy, like all parrots, tearing apart and finding out things, so they must have the occasional toy or we may end up having problems with the furniture. Them feet of parrot are very suitable if your stay is in the outside of the cage. Of course, they must not be exposed to draughts or sudden changes in temperature. The water must be clean at your fingertips, because the existence of fungi causes serious breathing problems.

In terms of coexistence to have it in the neighborhood area, in comparison with other species in Amazon, are relatively quiet, so in general do not cause many problems.

In captivity, can get to live up to 80 years.

BREEDING AND REPRODUCTION:

Its captive breeding started for the first time in United States, after their importation from the place of origin, South America in the 1950's.

Those individuals acquire their sexual maturity on the 4 years of age, and if you have a good breeding pair in the right conditions, they can perform two annual broods, Although the main thing if you want to raise, patience. Many pairs need several years until the first calf, so it is very important to be patient and wait for the right moment.

The female lays in the nest (No fill) of 2 to 6 eggs incubated without the help of the male usually. This is dedicated to feeding the female itself and that of the chicks after their birth at the 28 days until independence after twelve weeks.

Alternative names:

– Red-lored Parrot, Red-lored Amazon, Yellow-Cheeked Amazon (English).
– Amazone à lores rouges, Amazone diadème (French).
– Rotstirnamazone (German).
– Papagaio-diadema, Papagaio-diadema (Papagaio cavacué) (Portuguese).
– Amazona Frentirroja, Lora Frentirroja, Loro Frentirrojo (español).
– Lora cariamarilla (Honduras).
– loro cachete-amarillo (Mexico).


scientific classification:

Carl Linnaeus

– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittacidae
– Genus: Amazona
– Scientific name: Amazona autumnalis
– Citation: (Linnaeus, 1758)
– Protonimo: Psittacus autumnalis


Red-lored Amazon images:

Amazona-Frentirroja-(6)
Amazona-Frentirroja-(9)
Amazona-Frentirroja-(8)
Amazona-Frentirroja-(7)
Amazona-Frentirroja-(5)
Amazona-Frentirroja-(4)
Amazona-Frentirroja-(3)
Amazona-Frentirroja-(2)

Parrots in the world

Species of the genus Amazona


Sources:

  • Avibase
  • Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
  • Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
  • Birdlife
  • Parrot Book, Parrots and macaws Neotropical
  • Grupohypermarkup

Photos:

(1) – Wikimedia.org
(2) – Red-lored Amazon or Red-lored Parrot; two captive parrots By Brian Gratwicke (originally posted to Flickr as Red-lored Amazon) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – A Red-lored Amazon in Panama By Nelson de Witt from USA (Hello!) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – To pet Red-lored Amazon By Richard (originally posted to Flickr as Looming….) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Red-lored parrots (Amazona autumnalis), OSA Peninsula, Costa Rica By Charlesjsharp (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – A Red-lored Amazon at Rock Farm, Belize. It has a feather problem By Rigrat [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – This is the image of a parrot originating of the jungle of Chiapas in Mexico By Joe Quick [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(8) – Red-lored Amazon perching on a branch with wings open near Belmopan, Belize By Rigrat (Picasa Web Albums) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(9) – A strange sight to me to see parrots flying in the wild. This Red-lored Amazon (Amazona autumnalis) was spotted with a group along the roadside in the Cayo distict of Belize By The Lilac Breasted Roller (originally posted to Flickr as Red Lored Parrot) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(10) – Lilacine Amazon, head from lateral by John Gerrard Keulemans [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

Sounds: Walter Rivera

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Crimson-fronted Parakeet
Psittacara finschi

Origin: Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama
Character: Social
Life expectancy: 15 to 20 years.
Height: 28 cm..


Aratinga de Finsch

Content


Anatomy-parrots

Description:

28 cm. of length and a weight of 150 g..

The Crimson-fronted Parakeet (Psittacara finschi) It is the only species of the genus Psittacara tail long with red color below the wing .

They have forecrown and the former area of the lores bright red; the head and the neck green color with the exception of some scattered red feathers. The upperparts and upperwing-coverts green, with some red feathers on the bend of wing. The flight feather green above, more dark towards the tips with a dye bluish light in them vane inner; then golden brown color. Lesser and medium underwing-coverts red, the largest yellow, other coverts pale green. The underparts pale green, sometimes with red at the bottom of the tibia. Upper, the tail grass-green, by down golden brown.

Ilustración Aratinga de Finsch

The irises is orange and the eye ring naked is whitish. The bill exhibits a color gray-tipped Horn and the legs off gray color.

It has no sexual dimorphism.

The immature There are very little or almost no red in the forecrown and lack of red color in the thigh or the neck. The lining of the wings is more Orange.

Habitat:

Video – "Crimson-fronted Parakeet" (Psittacara finschi)

Psittacara finschi - feed
Watch this video on YouTube.

They inhabit tropical and subtropical envelope 1.400 metres in Costa Rica and 1.600 meters in the West of Panama, in areas with light trees or in fields with scattered trees, in secondary growth forests, edges of the forest, coffee plantations and nearby farmland. Irregular or seasonal in large forested areas.

They are birds gregarious, usually observed in flocks of up to 30 Member, but up to several hundred birds can gather in roosts communal on the tops of the trees or palms. Roosts, at times near the cities.

Reproduction:

They located their nest in holes of various types: natural cavities, old holes of woodpeckers (F. Picidae), stumps of dead Palms. They can dig holes in rotten stumps or in masses of epiphytes.. Sometimes many couples may nest near each other.

The union of the pair of this species is particularly strong. The pairs isolate themselves from the group towards the end of July to nest.. With reproduce during the dry season and the rainy early. The female lays three or four eggs which are incubated during approximately 24 days. The juveniles they leave the nest to the 50 days of life.

Food:

Feeds of corn and sorghum; also eats flowers of the forest flame (Spathodea campalunata), flowers and fruits of poró (Erythrina sp.), guabas (Inga sp.) and fruits of targuᝠ(Croton sp.), lagartillo (Zanthoxylum sp.), guitite (Acnistus arborescens)of guayaba (Psidium guajaba) and higuerón

Distribution:

Widely distributed in the South of Central America, from Nicaragua until Panama.

The species can be found in the southeast of Nicaragua to the South of the Rio Grande, and in Costa Rica mainly on the slope of the Caribbean, Although there are exemplary residents on the side of the peaceful, on Osa Peninsula, at the South-West end and seasonal visitors in the Guanacaste Cordillera, in the North and the central plateau around San Jose.

In Panama they come to the East, a unos 82°W, but it is probable that only seasonally in the lower Highlands of the Province of chiriqui.

Flocks of birds required extensive territories and the species occurs, apparently, in many areas, if only as a post-breeding visitor.

Very common or locally common with increasing numbers in Costa Rica and Panama, probably due to deforestation.

Maintained in captivity and internationally traded in small quantities.

Conservation:

State of conservation ⓘ

minor concern Minor Concern ⓘ (UICN)ⓘ

• Red List category of the UICN current: Least concern

• Population trend: Growing

The size of the world population of the Crimson-fronted Parakeet It has not been quantified, but this species is described as «quite common«.

You can be increasing their geographical range due to deforestation.

abundant on the slope of the Caribbean of Nicaragua. common and widespread in areas deforested over the slope of the Costa Rica Caribbean.

"Crimson-fronted Parakeet" in captivity:

Quite common in United States, less elsewhere.

Socialize easily with human, and can become a committed and loving companion. Es a Intelligent and lively, with easy to imitate the human voice and run different games and exercises. But, We must remember that it is a bird loud and the volume of their calls can get to be very annoying.

Alternative names:

– Crimson-fronted Parakeet, Crimson fronted Parakeet, Crimson-fronted Conure, Finsch’s Conure, Finsch’s Parakeet (English).
– Conure de Finsch, Perriche de Finsch, Perruche de Finsch (French).
– Veraguasittich (German).
– Aratinga-de-finsch (Portuguese).
– Aratinga de Finsch, Perico frentirrojo, Periquito de Pecho Rojo, Perico de Palmera (español).
– Perico frentirrojo (Costa Rica).
– Perico Frentirrojo (Nicaragua).


scientific classification:

Joseph Sabine
Joseph Sabine

– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittacidae
– Genus: Psittacara
– Scientific name: Psittacara finschi
– Citation: (Salvin, 1871)
– Protonimo: Conurus finschi


Crimson-fronted Parakeet pictures:

Aratinga-de-Finsch-(9)
Aratinga-de-Finsch-(8)
Aratinga-de-Finsch-(7)
Aratinga-de-Finsch-(6)
Aratinga-de-Finsch-(5)
Aratinga-de-Finsch-(4)
Aratinga-de-Finsch-(3)
Aratinga-de-Finsch-(2)

Parrots in the world

Species of the genus Psittacara

Sources:

  • Avibase
  • Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
  • Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
  • Birdlife

  • Photos:

(1) – A Finsch’s Parakeet )also called Finsch’s Conure and Crimson-fronted Parakeet) in San José, Costa Rica By Dominic Sherony [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Perico frentirrojo juvenil, approximately 4 months of age, Panama City By Ricaurte (Own work) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Crimson-fronted Parakeet, also called Finsch’s Conure By Yazzieyazz (trabjo propioEnglish: own work) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Psittacara finschi en el parque nacional Henri Pittier, Venezuela By Roberto Galindo Deshays (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Crimson-fronted Parakeet Costa Rica 2/15/16 Rancho Naturalistaby Andy Reago & Chrissy McClarren – Flickr
(6) – Crimson-fronted Parakeet by Brian Ralphs – Flickr
(7) – Crimson-fronted Parakeet Costa Rica 2/15/16 Rancho Naturalista by Andy Reago & Chrissy McClarren – Flickr
(8) – Aratinga finschi 06 Apr 2014 Costa Rica, San Lorenzo by Tom Benson – Flickr
(9) – Crimson-fronted parakeet by Charles Sharp – Flickr
(10) – Conurus finschii » = Psittacara finschi (Finsch’s Parakeet) by John Gerrard Keulemans [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

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Black-billed Parrot
Amazona agilis

Origin: Jamaica
Character: Take it easy.
Life expectancy: ----
Height: 25 cm..

Black-billed Parrot

Content

Description:


Anatomy-parrots

25 cm.. length and 178 g. of weight.

The Black-billed Parrot (Amazona agilis) It is the smallest of the Amazon parrots, and is one of only two species of Amazona endemics Jamaica.

This species, brightly colored, has a plumage, mostly, of color green with them underparts lighter, green or yellow.

The slightly darker edges in feathers of the back of the neck, one dan scalloped effect. Flight feathers darker at the tip; feathers of the tail blue in the margins with red bases to outer feathers. Their eyes They are surrounded by a dark brown ring dark grey, and the bill is black.

Black-billed Parrot

The adult male they have the coverts red on the outer of the wings, While these feathers They are usually green in females and in the immature.

  • Sound of the Black-billed Parrot.

Habitat:

Video "Black-billed Parrot"

Parrots in the world

It is in the humid limestone forests to elevations of 1.600 m. They can be seen in the upper canopy, and they can also be found foraging in cultivated land and plantations near the edge of the forest.

Form groups 6 to 30 individuals.

Reproduction:

The Black-billed Parrot used for nest the tree holes are formed from or related to weathering processes and pathogen attacks insects, at least a 18 meters above the ground. It has reported the use of cavity left by the Jamaican Woodpecker (Melanerpes radiolatus).
Like other species of parrots, the vigorous vocalizations among couples announce nesting territories.

The breeding season It is from March to August. The laying is of 2-4 eggs, with a range of about 48 hours between successive eggs. Eggs are incubated only by the female during 24 days. During this time the male will feed and exchange food with female. The incubation It begins after the first egg is placed, so hatching occurs at intervals, with up to seven days between the first and last hatching. Chicks this amazon They spend up to eight weeks in the nest.

Most nest failures do so in the early mating period., as a result of predation by Jamaican Boa (Epicrates subflavus) (Gruber 1980) and to a lesser extent Jamaican Crow (Corvus jamaicensis).

Food:

The Black-billed Parrot It feeds on fruit, seeds, dried fruits, berries and flowers in the forest canopy. The populations of this species will move in response to the location of food sources. This species also feed on crops and can cause considerable damage to fruit ripening.

Distribution and status:

Size of its range (breeding/resident): 5.100 km2

Its distribution area it is restricted to mid-level moist limestone forests, which have been drastically reduced in recent 40 years. Locally common by all the Cockpit Country, particularly in disturbed edge habitat where it is more common than the Yellow-billed Parrot (Amazona collaria), with which occasionally is associated.

The populations of the Black-billed Parrot also they found in Mount Diablo, in the center of the island. Historical reports also placed at the eastern end of the island, although recent sightings in that area are rare. But, small flocks have been recently in the John Crow Mountains. Preliminary surveys indicate population estimates much higher than those described above, and possibly more than 10.000 individuals in the region of Cockpit Country (C. Levy in some 1999).

Conservation:

State of conservation ⓘ

Vulnerable Vulnerable ⓘ (UICN)ⓘ

• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Vulnerable.

• Population trend: Decreasing.

• Population size : 6000-15000

Rationale for the Red List category

This species has a range very small within which its habitat is declining in extent, area and quality; and additional reductions of the population are being caused by the trampeo and predation, qualifying the species as Vulnerable. Currently it does not qualify as endangered because the habitat is severely fragmented and is known in more than five places. But, the species can requalify for inclusion in a top list in the future due to population decline likely if the three proposed mining concessions Cockpit Country They are awarded.

Justification of the population

Preliminary population estimates are those that best place the world population in the band between 10.000 and 19.999 individuals (S. Koenig in a bit., 2008). This is equivalent to 6,667-13,333 mature individuals, rounded here to 6,000-15,000 mature individuals. Further studies are needed to get an accurate figure.

Justification of trend

The data suggest that decrease of at least 50% of the population of this species could occur in the next 40-50 years as a result of habitat destruction due to three proposed mining concessions, two of which have recently been granted (Koenig, 2008). But, It is not sure if the third concession is granted (S. Koenig in some. 2010), and as such it is projected to suffer a decrease of species 30-49% over the next 37 years (three generations).

Conservation Actions Underway

• CITES Appendix II. protected under the Protection Act Wildlife Jamaica and Endangered Species Act of 2000, which together prohibit keeping the species as a domestic animal and local and international trade.

• Since 1995 He has worked to delineate its distribution, estimate the size of the population, identify long-term factors limiting reproductive performance and train local people in research methods and techniques for monitoring (Davis 1997, BirdLife Jamaica in little 1998).

• Habitat in the Blue Mountains National Park and John Crow, but the implementation and management of the park are weak (BirdLife Jamaica in little 1998).

• There is a permanent campaign of public awareness high-profile to prevent bauxite mining in Cockpit Country, by having the area declared closed to mining by the Minister's Discretion (S. Koenig in some. 2007, 2009).

• Proponents remain optimistic that, while losing a large area of ​​habitat, a large area of ​​mining habitat will be declared closed (S. Koenig in some. 2007, 2009).

• Discussions have started that may lead to the ban the importation of psittacine to Jamaica to reduce the risk of leakage and hybridisation (S. Koenig in some. 2007, 2009).

• There are populations of captive breeding.

Conservation Actions Proposed

• Survey to delineate the range and evaluate the numbers (BirdLife Jamaica in little 1998).

• To establish a monitoring program long-term.

• Designate a Cockpit Country closed to mining.

• Ensure the de facto protection of the Blue Mountains National Park and John Crow (BirdLife Jamaica in little 1998).

• Design and implement Educational programs in the area occupied by the species and adjacent areas (BirdLife Jamaica in little 1998) and develop a structured captive breeding program.

• Improve the application of the legislation against poaching.

The Black-billed Parrot in captivity:

CITES Appendix II. protected under the Protection Act Wildlife Jamaica and Endangered Species Act of 2000, which together prohibit keeping the species as a domestic animal and local and international trade.

Populations of captive breeding.

Alternative names:

– Black-billed Parrot, Active Amazon, Active Parrot, All-green Amazon, All-green Parrot, Black billed Parrot, Black-billed Amazon (English).
– Amazone verte (French).
– Rotspiegelamazone (German).
– Papagaio-de-bico-preto (Portuguese).
– Amazona de Pico Negro, Amazona Jamaicana Piquioscura (español).


scientific classification:

Carl Linnaeus

– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittacidae
– Genus: Amazona
– scientific numberor: Amazona agilis
– Citation: (Linnaeus, 1758)
– Protonimo: Psittacus agilis


Images Black-billed Parrot:

Amazona-Jamaicana-Piquioscura-(9)
Amazona-Jamaicana-Piquioscura-(8)
Amazona-Jamaicana-Piquioscura-(7)
Amazona-Jamaicana-Piquioscura-(6)
Amazona-Jamaicana-Piquioscura-(5)
Amazona-Jamaicana-Piquioscura-(4)
Amazona-Jamaicana-Piquioscura-(3)
Amazona-Jamaicana-Piquioscura-(2)

Parrots in the world

Species of the genus Amazona


Sources:

Avibase
Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
Birdlife

Photos:

(1) – A Black-billed Parrot in Jamaica By Ron Knight from Seaford, East Sussex, United Kingdom (Black-billed Parrot) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Amazona agilis in Wuppertal zoo By Simon J. Tonge [CC BY 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – A Black-billed Amazon at Vienna Zoo, Schonbrunn Palace, Vienna, Austria By Alois Staudacher (Rotspiegelamazone) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – A Black-billed Amazon at Vienna Zoo, Schonbrunn Palace, Vienna, Austria By Alois Staudacher (Rotspiegelamazone) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – A Black-billed Parrot in Jamaica By Ron Knight from Seaford, East Sussex, United Kingdom (Black-billed Parrot) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – A Black-billed Amazon at Vienna Zoo, Schonbrunn Palace, Vienna, Austria By Alois Staudacher (Rotspiegelamazone) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – Black-billed Amazon in the John Crow Mountains, Portland, Jamaica By Brennan Mulrooney (originally posted to Flickr as Black-billed Parrot) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(8) – A Black-billed Parrot in Jamaica By Ron Knight from Seaford, East Sussex, United Kingdom (Black-billed Parrot) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(9) – Psittacus agilis By Barraband, Jacques; Bouquet; Le Vaillant, François [CC BY 2.0 or Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
(10) – [Little green parrot (Black-billed Amazon [Amazona agilis])] From Natural History of Parrots (by Francois Levaillant, 1801-1805) by Jacques Barraband – Wikimedia

Sounds: Ross Gallardy, XC308430. accessible www.xeno-canto.org/308430

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Saint Lucia amazon
Amazona versicolor

Origin: St. Lucia
Character: Social
Life expectancy: ----
Height: 43 cm..

Saint Lucia amazon

Content

Description:

43 cm.. length and 700-800 g. of weight.

Saint Lucia amazon

The Saint Lucia amazon (Amazona versicolor) has the lores, cheeks and forecrown, bright blue; crown, ear-coverts and lower cheeks, paler blue with iridescent emerald suffusion from some angles; dark tips to feathers on head.

Hindneck neck, nape and upperparts, yellowish-olive, many feathers with visible black tips, giving the whole a barred effect strong, especially in the upper region. Wing coverts yellowish green olive. Primary coverts dyed blue, rest with black tips to some feathers. Primaries blue; bases of external secondarys forman speculum red, blue tips; secondary internal green and blue at the base to the tips. Underwing, yellowish green with blackish tips to some feathers; flight feather bluish green. Chin and throat, bright blue with blackish tips to feathers; tips of feathers on lower throat and top of the chest, bright red forming a patch distinct red patch or mottled red area; chest and belly rather yellowish-green, blackish tips and brick red in the subterminal area of some feathers, giving scalloped appearance with scattered rusty patches; the thighs and undertail-coverts, green-yellow. Tail bluish green in the center, outer feathers green with large yellowish green tips and hidden red bases. Bill grey; irises orange; legs grey.


Anatomy-parrots

Probably no sexual dimorphism.

Immature has irises brown.

  • Sound of the Saint Lucia amazon.

Habitat:

Video "Saint Lucia amazon"

Mainly they inhabit the canopy montana primary rainforest, but they make inroads into areas of secondary growth to feed. Reported flocks of up 20 birds. living forms community.

Reproduction:

They nest in tree hollows. Nests observed in trees Dacryodes excelsa, Pouleria and Tetracera caribaeum. breeding season in February-August. Clutch usually two eggs, although, usually, only one young per nest thrives.

Food:

Its diet includes flowers and fruits of Clusia, Fruits of Talauma dodecapetala, Acrocomia irenensis, Pouleria, Dacryodes excelsa, Sloanea massoni, Byrsonima martinicensis, Miconia mirabilis, Pterocarpus officinalis and Euterpe globosa; also they have been seen feeding on bananas after the hurricane and presumably due to the depletion of natural food sources. Absence of common areas from August to November possibly linked to the lack of fruitfulness of Clusia.

Distribution and status:

Size of the area of distribution (raising / resident): 230 km2

Confined to St. Lucia in the Lesser Antilles, now in the central and southern mountains, although formerly you were more widespread everywhere where the humid forest grew. The species has suffered a contraction of the range since the nineteenth century and now It occupies an area of ​​only 65-70 km2 from Millet and Mont Lacombe in the North, until Mont Beucop and Calfourc in the East, Piton Pig, St Piton, St Desrache and Big store in the south to Morne Gimie in the west and Mont Houlemon in the Northwest. The results of studies on the species suggest that the southwestern part of this area is the most densely populated of parrots, while relatively few live in the northeast.

Plentiful mid-nineteenth century, but decreasing rapidly to very little in the early twentieth century. Subsequently they recovered, with an estimated population of 1.000 birds in 1950. They declined again sixties, mostly due to hunting; observations in 1977 They estimated that there were more than 100 birds. steady increase since then with an estimated population of 300-350 birds in 1990.

The threats main arise from habitat loss and its hunting for food and pet trade as. Forestry practices that lead to the removal of mature trees (favorite breeding sites) could put additional pressure. They seem to be less susceptible to hurricanes than their counterparts in Dominica, but this may be due to conservation efforts rather than any intrinsic ability to withstand the effects of severe storms.

Can compete for nesting sites with Pearly-eyed Thrasher (Margarops fuscatus), which it has increased considerably since 1950.

Amazona versicolor Conservation:

State of conservation ⓘ

Vulnerable Vulnerable ⓘ (UICN)ⓘ

• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Vulnerable.

• Population trend: In increased.

• Population size : 230-330

Rationale for the Red List category

Conservation action may have saved this species from extinction. Numbers are now increasing and there is some evidence of a small range extension.. But, the habitat area apparently adequate (but vacated) It may be waning. If this begins to affect the habitat occupied, the species can be described as danger of extinction. In the news, its small population size and small size on one island are calling it Vulnerable.

Justification of the population

The population is estimated at 350-500 individuals, approximately equal to 230-330 mature individuals.

Justification of trend

No new data on population trends, so it is assumed that the species continues increasing.

Threats

The human population St. Lucia It is growing at a considerable rate, increasing the pressure on the forest and resulting in habitat loss (Copsey 1995). The selective logging of mature trees You can significantly reduce breeding sites (Juniper and Parr 1998), and hurricanes, the hunting and the trade pose new threats. There have been recent efforts to raise the moratorium on hunting within forest reserves, what would seriously threaten this species (J. D. Gilardi in litt., 1999).

Conservation Actions Underway
Coat of arms of Saint Lucia

Appendices I and II of CITES. This protected by national legislation (J. D. Gilardi in litt., 1999).

Education programs and awareness have made this bird in a National symbol.

This has eliminated successfully hunting (Juniper and Parr 1998), helped by a moratorium on hunting within forest reserves (J. D. Gilardi in litt., 1999).

In 1975 program was established captive breeding, and in 1995 had developed a total of 19 young birds (Copsey, 1995).

Conservation Actions Proposed

Maintain the moratorium on hunting within all forest reserves. Conduct a studyo Basic feeding and breeding ecology. Designate the remaining habitat protected areas. Reassess the objectives of the program captive breeding.

The Saint Lucian Amazon in captivity:

extremely rare; currently only it found in the Jersey Zoo

Appendices I and II CITES. This protected by national legislation.

Each captive specimen of this species which is capable of reproducing, It is placed in a well-managed program captive breeding and not be sold as a pet, with the objective of ensure their survival long-term.

Alternative names:

– Blue-masked Amazon, Blue-masked Parrot, St Lucia Amazon, St Lucia Parrot, St. Lucia Amazon, St. Lucia Parrot, St.Lucia amazon, Versicolored Parrot, Versicoloured Parrot (English).
– Amazone de Sainte-Lucie, Amazone versicolore, Amazone versicolore de Sainte-Lucie (French).
– Blaumaskenamazone, Blaustirnamazone (German).
– Papagaio-de-santa-lúcia (Portuguese).
– Amazona de Santa Lucia, Amazona de Sta. Lucia (español).

Scientific classification Amazona versicolor:

– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittacidae
– Genus: Amazona
– Scientific name: Amazona versicolor
– Citation: (Statius Müller, 1776)
– Protonimo: Psittacus versicolor

Saint Lucia Amazon Images:

Attention: The internal data of table “19” is corrupted!
Parrots in the world

Species of the genus Amazona


Sources:

  • Avibase
  • Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
  • Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
  • Birdlife

Photos:

(1) – Saint Lucia Parrot(Amazona versicolor) by Josh More – Flickr
(2) – Chrysotis bouqueti (a.k.a. Amazona versicolor, the St. Lucia amazon, or the St. Lucia parrot) by Joseph Smit [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

Sounds: Allen T. Chartier, XC9438. accessible www.xeno-canto.org/9438

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