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Chihuahua
México FCI 263 . Chihuahueno

Origin: Mexico
Character: Affectionate and active
Weight: 1.5 - 4,5 kg
Height: 15 - 20 cms
Life expectancy: 12 - 20 years

Chihuahua

This little dog has a personality sassy large.

Content

History

The Chihuahua It is considered the smallest breed in the world; receives the name of the largest state of the Mexican Republic (Chihuahua), where it is assumed that he lived in the wild and was captured and domesticated by the indigenous people during the time of the "Toltec" civilization.; figures of a pygmy dog ​​called "Techichi", who lived in Tula, They were included in the decoration of its architecture which were very similar to the current Chihuahua.

There is a belief in some countries that the dog gave the name to the state of Chihuahua since the word “Chihuahua” means “arid and sandy place” in Rarámuri, language of the Tarahumara people. Although it is known as Chihuahua, the official name of the race is Chihuahueño, Chihuahua is the name adopted in United States for the race.

Some experts say dogs were among the first native dogs of the Americas, others that were brought to the New World after the Spanish conquest of Mexico. Others believe that small dogs may have originated as miniaturized versions of pariah dogs, the vague brown dogs with pointed ears that result when dogs are left to breed on their own without color selection or other specific characteristics. In any case, race takes its name from the state of Chihuahua, where American tourists at the end of the nineteenth century first found tiny canines.

Chihuahuas were brought to United States by American visitors who visited the North of Mexico and, later, presented at trade fairs Canófilas where they became known to worldwide.

The Chihuahua we know today was developed by American breeders. The first Chihuahua recorded by the American Kennel Club, in 1904, It was called Midget. Chihuahua Club of America was formed in 1923. Today, The Chihuahua ranks 13th among the breeds registered by the AKC.

Physical characteristics

The AKC (American Kennel Club) It recognizes two varieties of Chihuahua: long hair and short hair. Many short-haired Chihuahua have very fine hair, but others have a very dense and thick hair. Standards of breeding this dog not generally specify a height, only a weight and a description of its overall proportions. As a result, height varies more than within any other race.

Usually, the height range is between 15 and 25 cm to the cross. However, some dogs grow up the 30 to 38 cm.. AKC show dogs should weigh no more than 2,7 kg; the FCI standards mark dogs must weigh between 1,5 and 3 kg, Although most small dogs are acceptable in the show.

But, the quality pet Chihuahua (that is, those bred or purchased as companions rather than show dogs) can, and they achieve greater weight, until 4,5 kg or more if they have a skeletal structure that allows them to being overweight. This does not mean they are not purebred Chihuahuas, It only means that the requirements do not have to enter a display. Larger sized chihuahuas are seen equally in the best and worst bloodlines..

Usually their teeth are double, This demonstrates the purity of the breed.

Chihuahuas can have many colors, from solid black to white solid, spotted, or in a range of colors including Fawn (coffee), chocolate, blue (grey), Silver, tricolor (chocolate, blue, black or white with Brown and white markings), with lines, and speckled. Each of these colors varies in shades and intensities, coffee may be a term to describe a dog from a cream very pale to dark brown (almost Red), or any key within this range of colours.

Character and skills

The Chihuahua They are prized for their devotion and personality. Its state of alert, intelligence and size make them adaptable to a variety of environments, including the city and small departments, and usually live fifteen years or more. While often it considered the chihuahua as weak and fragile, correct training and socialization can result in an excellent companion animal.

The Chihuahua also have a reputation for being spoiled and impregnable, but that is often because people no effort to train. Chihuahuas are like any other dog I: They need consistent rules and structure if they will learn effectively.

Many chihuahua focus their devotion on one person, putting too jealous of human relationships of this person, This can be mitigated through proper socialization. The Chihuahua tend to have a nature of clans, preferring the company of other Chihuahuas over other dogs.

As well, important to take into account, These toddlers, They seem to have no concept of its size, and they may face other larger animals, which can cause damage and injury to our pet...

Health

Many Chihuahuas are sensitive to cold due to their small body size.. Chihuahua owners often dress their dogs in coats in cold weather, but for this, There is to get them, because if you do not, do not leave place fabrics above.

This breed requires a veterinary expert in areas such as development and care dental care. Chihuahuas tend to have genetic abnormalities, usually neurological, as epilepsy, strokes. Like other Toy breeds, They also tend to have dislocation of knee.

Another genetic abnormality in Chihuahuas and other Toy breeds is hydrocephalus, or water on the brain. This condition appears in young puppies and usually results in the death of the puppy, as much, six months of age. It is thought that this disease is diagnosed because the puppy has an abnormally large head during the first months of life, but other symptoms are more noticeable (because "a big head" is a very vague description). Chihuahua puppies showing hydrocephalus They have patched skulls plates rather than solid bone, and are typically lethargic and do not grow at the same rate as their siblings. A true case of Hydrocephalus can be diagnosed by a veterinarian, Although the prognosis is grim.

However some chihuahua may have what is called 'molera or fontanelle', and it is completely natural and accepted for race, which is a small hole in the head where they do not have bone, only skin and hair. The Chihuahua is the only breed of dog that is born with an incomplete skull.. The fontanelle It closes with age, but it requires great care during the first six months until the skull is fully formed.

Chihuahua tend to ocular infections, due to its large, round, protruding eyes and their relative proximity to the ground.

Chihuahuas can also be born with a liver defect known as portosystemic shunt, in which blood is diverted from the liver. This can cause a buildup of toxins in the body of the dog, stunted growth and can be fatal if not corrected with surgery.

The speckled chihuahua coloring, or parents with such coloration descendants tend to a number of additional complications of health. The mottled coloration is a carrier of other possible and severe ocular conditions and blindness, deafness, Hemophilia, sterility, and other medical conditions. Buyers who own or want to buy a speckled chihuahua should do some research on possible health conditions of this coloration.

The pregnancy of a Chihuahua, hard 2 months and the offspring measure between 3 cm to 5 cm..

Chihuahuas are omnivores, and you must be careful in providing an adequate and balanced nutrition. At the same time, be careful in not supercharge this small breed. Chihuahua overweight tend to have problems with ligaments, tracheal collapse, chronic bronchitis, and shortening of life expectancy.

Some potential buyers looking for extremely small animals; very small dogs, in any way, are false. You can be sick, or malnourished, or, If you are healthy, may suffer from short lifespans and health problems due to extreme dwarfism. They are not normally used for breeding, and may require special care. Some breeders chihuahua, they try to intentionally raise very small animals, and they increase the prices of smaller dogs, or specifically advertise very small animals. Most reputable breeders disapprove such practices, noting that it is difficult to predict the adult size of a puppy, and citing other problems discussed earlier.

In practice there has been an increase in people wanting to have a Chihuahua Pocket rejecting common size, This has changed the traditional pattern of raising this breed start doing that through the selection of specimens to breed chihuahua focusing on the size and eliminate the problems of a puppy that was born visibly smaller than others, many breeders reject this practice but it is a fact that the popularity of the “Pocket Chihuahua” has come to stay...

The tiny mouths often mean that there is no room for proper development of teeth. It is essential that a veterinary chihuahua receive regular dental care, and you may need to draw him some teeth to make room for proper development of the rest of the teeth in the mouth.

The Chihuahua “deer head” is the original Mexican Chihuahua, He was abroad where changed his appearance through crossing with other breeds, That is when its general appearance begins to change, now with a more prominent head and a more robust body, and it is precisely abroad where, when establishing the racial norm of the breed, this type of modified Chihuahua is established as the "standard" when the original It is the "deer" type and the damage to the original breed went even further by disqualifying the "deer" type and describing it as an "abnormality.".

This "abnormality" is more popular than any Canophile Federation would like to accept..

"Deer" or "deer head" These are terms that are sometimes used to describe Chihuahuas that do not have the standard "apple head" appearance of the breed.. These terms are not official.

The Deer heads They are not admitted for competition, they are disqualified, they are not for sale.

The «Nano Chihuahua» term used in the United States are chihuahua that are described with head up, and a very long nose, is not something natural, they are like this because they suffered a deformation in the bones due to malnutrition, These terms are not official, and the sale of the “Nano Chihuahua” is prohibited. Those that are accepted are “Apple Head” Chihuahua

The life of the chihuahua usually up to 15 years of age. The more small are dogs more life they have. Their life expectancy depends first of all of their food (It is necessary, good quality and which have no obesity). Example: Not offer cookies, fat, chocolates, sweet, bread, pork and, much less, chicken bones to chew it becomes small needles, and they stuck in its body until his death. Not to give anything of great food, simply their respective croquettes or latitas for small breeds.

Reproduction

The sexual cycle of the dog is, in comparison with the rest of the domestic animals, is unique in many ways, now that the time lag between periods of estrus (5-7 months) It is very long in proportion to the time of gestation (62 days), and ovulation occurs only once (but in several days) by zeal.

The sexual cycle is divided in 4 stages:

PROESTRO: have an average duration of 3-15 days. External manifestations are increasing the volume of the vulva, Vulvar blood loss and male attraction. At this stage the dog does not support mounting of the male.

ESTRO: popularly known as period of ZEAL. It has a duration of 3 to 10 days. The vulva is enlarged, There is a reduction of losses vulvar and attraction of male: It is at this time when ovulation occurs, mounting of the male and gestation.

DIESTRO: (of 110 to 140 days): This period includes the gestation, childbirth and lactation if occurred fertilization and the regression to normal tissues if not occurred.

ANESTRO (of 150 to 250 days): now there are no external signs and is the ideal for all kinds of interventions (ovary hysterectomy).

So that, ovulation takes place during the mating season and it's a spontaneous ovulation. Most often it is between the day 10 and 14 the beginning of zeal, Although in less of 1 minute can be confirmed with a vaginal smear performed by a veterinarian.

Pregnancy in the bitch has a duration of 58 to 63 days. The normal delivery period ranges from 5 and 24 hours, and alghourscasos, mainly if they are first-time, the time may be extended until 36 hours.

The delivery mechanism is divided into three phases:

  • The first phase corresponds to the opening and relaxation of the cervix for the exit of the puppies.. The female trembles, Pant and may vomit. The vulvar lips thicken and a yellowish-white viscous liquid escapes from the lower corner.. You can see uterine contractions, but always of weak intensity. go in circles, recuesta in soil, and does not want to eat or drink (Although some females show a voracious appetite).

    • The dog chooses a quiet, dark place, and he prepares his paridera breaking rags and materials; It is desirable to provide elements so that you can make this work, more usual is the role of journal. Nothing should bother to her around.

  • The second phase is the expulsion of the puppies. The female is lying in position on one side, with the face directed towards your abdomen and contractions begin each 2 or 3 minutes, with great effort.

Grooming

Chihuahuas have two types of hair:

  • smooth and long. The Chihuahuas smooth They carry a velvety coat, bright and tight and have a collar – an area hair thicker and longer – around the neck. Coverage have little hair on the head and ears. The tail should be hairy, not naked. Brush them weekly with a rubber glove or soft bristle brush to remove dead hair and keep their skin and coat healthy.
  • The Long haired chihuahua It is the product of a recessive gene, which means that a puppy must have the gene from both parents to express long hair, so it is not seen in litters as often as smooth. The long, soft fur is flat or slightly curly, and the dog has a collar around the neck, fringed ears, feathers on the legs and a tail plumed. Hair from the rest of the body is almost as soft as soft straight hair Chihuahua. The long-haired Chihuahua are beautiful, and they are easy to comb, but the hair falls are seasonal.

Long robe brushing with soft bristle brush once or twice a week. Use a stainless steel comb to remove tangles of hair ears, legs and tail.

If brush to the faithful chihuahua, should not need frequent baths. But, If you spend much time on your couch or in bed, there is nothing wrong with bathing as often as twice a week. Use a mild shampoo made for dogs and dry it well so it doesn't get cold. Never let it sit and dry to the outdoors.

Keep clean your big ears chihuahua with a solution recommended by your veterinarian. Do not use cotton swabs within the ear; They can push dirt deeper. Laa orejaa clean with a cotton ball, I never deeper than the first knuckle of your finger.

Cut off nails regularly, usually every two weeks. They should never be so long that hear smacking on the floor.

Characteristics "Chihuahua"

Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "Chihuahua" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

Adaptation ⓘ
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friendly dog ​​ⓘ
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hair loss ⓘ
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Affection level ⓘ
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Need for exercise ⓘ
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Social need ⓘ
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Home ⓘ
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Toilet ⓘ
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Friendly with strangers ⓘ
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barking ⓘ
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Health ⓘ
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Territorial ⓘ
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Cat friendly ⓘ
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Intelligence ⓘ
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Versatility ⓘ
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Child friendly ⓘ
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Surveillance ⓘ
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joy ⓘ
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«Chihuahua» images

credits:

1. triplet chihuahua by Caterinarufo / Public domain
2. Chihuahua by https://www.pexels.com/es-es/foto/animal-chihuahua-mascota-ojos-50718/
3. Chihuahua by https://pxhere.com/es/photo/60641
4. Blue merle chihuahua by Nuclearblitz12 / CC BY-SA
5. Chihuahua by https://www.pexels.com/photo/photo-of-tan-chihuahua-1048236/
6. A Chihuahua protecting its bone by David Shankbone / CC BY
7. standard chihuahua by Caterinarufo / Public domain
8. Buddy the Chihuahua by Jean G – HTTPS://www.flickr.com/photos/whatjeanlikes/
9. Chihuahua by https://www.pxfuel.com/es/free-photo-xzmeb

«Chihuahua» Videos

Type and recognitions:

  • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
  • Group :
  • Section : . .

Federations:

  • – FCI – Group 9: Section 6: Chihuahueno ⓘ
  • – AKC – Toy ⓘ
  • – ANKC – Group 1 (Toy) ⓘ
  • – CKC – Group 5 – (Toy) ⓘ
  • – ​KC – Toy ⓘ
  • – NZKC – Toy ⓘ
  • – UKC – Group 8 – Companion dog ⓘ

FCI breed standard "Chihuahua"

Origin:
Mexico

Date of publication of the valid original standard:
04.09.2019

Use:

Companion dog.



General appearance:

It is a dog with a compact body, It is of primary importance to note that its head is apple-shaped and its tail is moderately long, carried high, arched or semicircle., with the point directed towards the spine.

important proportions: The length is slightly greater than the height at the withers, wishing for an almost square body, especially in males and allowing a little longer in females for reproductive function.



Behavior / temperament:

Lively, alert, restless and very brave.

Head:



Cranial region:
  • Skull: Well rounded, tamed (special feature of this breed).    
  • Depression nasal fronto (Stop): Well marked, sunken and wide, as a result of the bulging forehead on the insertion of the muzzle.

facial region:

  • Truffle: Moderately short and slightly upturned; any color is allowed.
  • Snout: Short; seen in profile maintains a straight line, being wider at its base and tapering towards the tip.
  • Lips: Clean and tight.
  • Cheeks: Little developed and very clean.
  • Jaws / Teeth: With scissor or level bite (clip-shaped); higher or lower prognathism are seriously penalized, as well as any maxillary or mandibular deformation.
  • Eyes: They are big and round, very expressive, never protruding, perfectly dark. Light eyes are allowed but not desired.
  • Ears: Large, erect and unfolded and widely open; wide at its base, taper gradually until slightly rounded at the tip. When at rest they form an angle of 45° to the sides.

Neck:

  • Top profile: Slightly arched.
  • Length: Medium.
  • Form: Thicker in males than females.
  • Skin: No double chin; the long-haired variety features a highly desirable longer-haired mane.


Body:

Compact and well structured.

  • top line : Straight.
  • Cross: Bit strong.
  • Back: Short and firm.
  • Pork loin: Strongly muscular.
  • Rump: Wide and strong, almost flat or slightly sloping.
  • Breast : With wide and deep thorax and well arched ribs; seen from the front it will have good amplitude, without excess; seen in profile descends to the elbow; never barred.
  • Lower profile: Determined by a ventral retraction, which should be well delineated. Loose belly is allowed, but not wanted.

Tail:

Moderately long, set high, wide at the base gradually tapering towards the tip, it is flat in appearance. The bearing is an outstanding trait of the breed, in motion is elevated, arched or semicircular with the tip directed towards the spine, giving balance to the body, it never appears tucked between the limbs or curled below the upper line of the back. Hair cover in harmony with the rest of the body depending on the variety. In the long-haired variety it is covered with feather-shaped hair; at rest it is hanging with a light hook.

Tips

Former members

  • General appearance:  Seen from the front they appear in a straight line with the elbows; seen in profile they are well poised.
  • Shoulder: Cleansed, moderately muscular.
  • Arms (Humerus) : With good angulation in the scapular joint?humeral.
  • Elbow: Firm and close to the body, allowing freedom of movement.
  • forearms :  Strong with good length.
  • Metacarpus: Slightly inclined, strong and flexible.
  • Front feet : The feet are very small and oval, with fingers spread,  but not extended(they are neither hare nor cat); nails are particularly curved and moderately long, with well developed and highly elastic ear pads.  Dewclaws are undesirable.

Later members

  • General appearance :  Well muscled, long-boned, well plumb and parallel to each other with good angulation in the coxofemoral joints, femoro-tibial-patellar and tibio-tarsal according to the forelimbs.
  • Metatarsals:  Short hocks, with well developed tendons; seen from behind they are separated, straight and vertical.
  • Rear feet : The feet are very small and oval, with fingers spread,  but not extended(they are neither hare nor cat); nails are particularly curved and moderately long, with well developed and highly elastic ear pads.  Dewclaws are undesirable.

Movement:

Features a long and flexible stride, firm and active, with good anterior reach and a lot of posterior thrust. Seen from behind, the posterior ones should remain almost parallel to each other, placing the feet of the hind limbs in the footprints of the forelimbs. The members tend to converge in the direction of a central line of gravity, as speed increases. They show great elasticity and freedom, without any effort, with your head always high and your back steady.

Mantle

Skin: Smooth and elastic over the entire body surface.


Fur

There are two varieties in this breed.

  • Short Hair Variety: It is short and stuck all over the body,  slightly longer when undercoat (entrepelo); tight throat and abdomen allowed. It is slightly longer on the neck and tail, short on face and ears; it is shiny and its texture smooth. Hairless specimens are not accepted.
  • Long Hair Variety: Hair must be fine and silky, straight or slightly wavy; inner layer is desired (entrepelo) not very dense. It has very long hair in the shape of a feather in the ears, neck, posterior aspect of the forelimbs and hindquarters, foot and tail. Dogs with long and fluffy hair are not accepted.

Color

All colors are accepted in all their shades and combinations, except the blackbird.



Size and weight:

The size should not be taken into account in this breed, just the weight.

  • Weight : Ideal weight between 1,5 kg and 3 kg.  Dogs are tolerated between 500 gr y 1,5 kg.

The horses with less than 500 gr and with more than 3 kg.



Fouls:

Any deviation from the aforementioned criteria must be considered a fault and its seriousness is considered to the degree of the deviation to the standard and its consequences on the health and well-being of the dog.

  • Missing teeth
  • Double denture (retention of temporary teeth)
  • Pointy ears
  • Short neck
  • Long body
  • Bowed or bowed back (lordosis o xifosis)
  • fallen group
  • Narrow chest; flat rack
  • Badly implanted tail, twist it cuts it
  • Short members
  • Elbows detached
  • Joined hindquarters.

Serious misconduct:

  • Narrow skull
  • Small eyes, sunken or protruding
  • Long snout
  • Upper or lower prognathism
  • Unstable knee.

disqualifying fouls:

  • Aggressive or fearful dog
  • Any dog ​​showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities must be disqualified.
  • Deer type dogs (dogs with an atypical or highly stylized structure : refined head, long neck, slender body, long limbs)
  • Specimens with open head
  • Droopy or short ears
  • Deformed bite
  • Extremely long-bodied dogs
  • Absence of tail
  • Dogs with very long hair, fine and fluffy in the long-haired variety
  • No hair (alopecia) in the short-haired variety
  • Blackbird colored specimens
  • Weight less than 500 gr or greater than 3 kg


N.B.:

Males should have two normal-appearing testicles fully descended into the scrotum..

Source: F.C.I - International Cynological Federation

Alternative names:

1. Chi, Chi-chi, Hua-Hua, Chihuahueño (English).
2. Chihuahueño, aussi chihuahua (French).
3. Chihuahua (German).
4. Chihuahueño (Portuguese).
5. Chihuahua, chihuahua mejicano (español).

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Xoloitzcuintle
Mésico FCI 234 . Primitive type

Origin: Mexico
Character: Intelligent and cuddlier
Weight: Variable
Height: 25 to 60 cm.
Life expectancy: 12 to 15 years

The Xoloitzcuintle is a quiet dog, affectionate, loving, sensitive and happy.

Content

History

One Xoloitzcuintle Mexican may be an unusual phenomenon, but it is by no means an eccentric invention of modern times. On the other hand, this breed of dog is probably many thousands of years old.

American dog researchers believe that the Xoloitzcuintle came to the west coast of Mexico on Chinese merchant ships. Others believe that it was introduced into Central America by Cortez and its occupying forces.

But, dogs that resembled the dog we know today existed in Mexico long before the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors – this is documented by archaeological finds. Scientists date a statue of about 1700 years before Christ. This proves that the Xoloitzcuintle Mexican is probably the oldest breed of dog in the American continent – and one of the oldest dog breeds in the world. Its exact origin is still unknown today., but it must be more than 4000 years. The fact that this dog can be seen in such art objects indicates that it was already considered valuable in pre-Christian times. Its name indicates that it was considered as the dog of the god Status, the aztec god of death.

«Xoloitzcuintle»: historical value

Today the breed of dog is supposed to have found many uses.: It was considered to be the companion of the souls of the deceased and therefore often had to give its life as a sacrificial animal or accompany its deceased owner to the grave.. At the same time, However, he was also a guardian of the house and farm and served as a hot water bottle due to his bare skin and high body temperature. The Mexican natives held the meat of the Xoloitzcuintle. One Xoloitzcuintle Naked was considered a delicacy and a diet enrichment.

Today it is kept as a companion and family dog ​​and is considered intelligent., loving, sporty and calm. By nature you are sensitive and temperamental and want to be encouraged and kept busy. In very low temperatures and on hot sunny days, the owners of the Xoloitzcuintle they should protect their four-legged friend with a dog coat against hypothermia or with a special sunscreen against sunburn.

Physical characteristics «Xoloitzcuintle»

Height to the cross: 33 to 57 cm for dogs and bitches.

Weight: Weight depends on height.

The color:

The Xoloitzcuintle not furry, but it has a thick pile mop that goes from black to black-gray, Slate gray, dark grey, reddish, liver, bronze to golden yellow; sometimes stained. The skin is wrinkled on the head and neck and is grayish red. At birth, puppies are pink like piggies and don't look standard until they are one year old.

Typical and at the same time particularly striking are the bat ears of approx. 10 cm long, as well as almond eyes, which can be black to yellow.

Average life expectancy: 14 years

Character and aptitudes «Xoloitzcuintle»

The Xoloitzcuintle is a quiet dog, affectionate, loving, sensitive and happy. He clings a lot to his family and wants to follow you everywhere. He seems to follow your voice and is a warm companion, gentle and affectionate. For this reason it is often used as a therapy dog.. He is also an energetic and agile athlete who loves to play and needs a lot of exercise and attention..

He loves his toys and likes to play in the yard or garden, warm up in the sun and need your long daily walks. When i'm outdoors, should always be kept on a leash, since he likes to hunt small animals. It is not a dog that wants to be left alone in the yard. Can jump or climb over fences. Must participate in family activities and depends on your affections and interests.

Although he is tender and affectionate with his family, is quite reserved and distrustful of strangers and needs a little time to get used to you. It learns fairly quickly and is easy to train, although sometimes it can be quite independent. You have to train it with a lot of determination and discipline.

You are protective by nature and have a strong drive to protect your home and loved ones. The Xoloitzcuintle is usually a quiet dog that only barks when there is a good reason for it. He's also fearless and won't shy away from a fight. Can get along well with other dogs and pets, if you have lived with other animals from a young age. He also gets along very well with children if they treat him with respect.

He is an exceptionally robust and healthy dog ​​who needs a sweater in the cold and extremely hot seasons to protect his bare home.. It is an odorless dog that does not lose its hair.

Care «Xoloitzcuintle»

The Xoloitzcuintle he is an unusual dog, why don't you pant, but sweats through your skin, like us. But your skin is sensitive to the sun, it even burns in the sun. That is why you should always have a sunscreen with a medium sun protection factor with you at sea., in the city, in the field and in the mountains. The advantage of this breed is that the Xoloitzcuintle cannot hide ticks or fleas under its fur.

Can be stored on a floor, but a house with a garden is more suitable. Oddly enough, to the Xoloitzcuintle loves to roll in the snow in winter and bathe in icy water. But before I'm ready, you should get used to it little by little. A warm coat is advisable for walks in winter. But, it should be a felt coat lined with cotton, because your naked and sensitive skin can react allergic to wool.

Nutrition «Xoloitzcuintle»

The Xoloitzcuintle needs a lot of water, especially in summer, as a lot of fluid evaporates through your skin. In extremely hot weather, water with a high mineral content should be given to avoid a lack of salt. It also, the Xoloitzcuintle you need a balanced diet with a high proportion of protein. Unfortunately, thickens quickly, so you should avoid fat and sugar. With less exercise, it is better to feed it with green beans and rice.

The breeding of the Xoloitzcuintle

Breeding this ancient dog breed is problematic. Animal welfare experts even recommend a ban on breeding. Hairlessness is inherited in a dominant way. A dog with mixed genetic makeup is naked, a hairless quadruped does not carry the gene for hairlessness. But, a Xoloitzcuintle homozygous and hairless is not viable and dies shortly after birth.

To ensure healthy offspring, a Xoloitzcuintle heterozygous and naked would have to mate with a furry representative. The offspring would be viable, but only half would have no hair. Since the furry variant is not recognized as a breed in many countries, the mating of two hairless animals is often practiced and the death of non-viable animals is accepted. This circumstance makes the breed controversial and appears again and again in the context of torture breeding.. It also, the hairlessness gene also increases the predisposition to jaw malformations and missing teeth, and Xoloitzcuintle Mexicans also have a stronger tendency to various skin diseases and immune deficiencies.

Health “Xoloitzcuintle”

In addition to concern about the difficulty of breeding, some health problems are particularly common in theXoloitzcuintle. The first and most important thing is dental defects, so dogs missing some or all of their teeth and/or jaw malformations are hereditary. It also, immunological deficiencies are frequently found and the breed is predisposed to skin diseases such as purulent inflammations. So, if you decide to choose this breed, it is important that you choose a breeder carefully and that you are willing to invest a lot of time and money in caring for your dog.

Images "Xoloitzcuintle"

Photos:

1 – A Xoloitzcuintle (Mexican Hairless Dog). by Micyaotl G.T., CC BY 2.0 , via Wikimedia Commons
2 – Xoloitzcuintli or Xoloitzcuintle by Alfredo&Sara aguirre, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
3 – Hairless Dog, preHispanic. by Rod Waddington, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
4 – Xoloitzcuintle by https://flic.kr/p/agfgec
5 – Xoloitzcuintle by https://pixabay.com/es/photos/imagen-perro-mascota-canino-2628918/
6 – Xoloitzcuintle or Mexican hairless dog in Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico by Dénes Emőke, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Videos "Xoloitzcuintle"

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«Xoloitzcuintle», the breed with historical value
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ALL ABOUT XOLOITZCUINTLI: THE MEXICAN HAIRLESS DOG

Type and recognitions:

  • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
  • Group :
  • Section : . .

Federations:

  • – FCI – Group 5: Spitz-type dogs and primitive type – Section 6: Primitive type. ⓘ

FCI breed standard "Xoloitzcuintle"

Origin:
Mexico

Date of publication of the valid original standard:
12.01.2009

Use:

Standard Variety: guard dog. Intermediate variety: guard dog. Miniature Variety: service dog.



General appearance:

  • Hairless variety: He is a very attractive dog; The main characteristic is the total or almost total absence of hair with soft and smooth skin.. His body is well proportioned with a wide chest and wide ribs., long limbs and long tail.
  • Variety with hair: It is a dog completely covered with very attractive hair.; with the same harmonious proportions of the hairless variety. Hair can be any color, length and texture. His body is well proportioned with a wide chest and wide ribs., long limbs and long tail.

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS : The body, measured from the tip of the shoulders, to the tip of the hip and from the withers to the floor it is slightly longer in relation to its height, approximately 10:9. Body length in females may be slightly longer than in males, due to reproductive function. The length of the skull and snout are approximately the same.



Behavior / temperament:

He is a silent and calm dog, joyful, alert and intelligent, suspicious of strangers, good guardian and excellent companion. Never aggressive.

Head:

---

Cranial region:
  • Skull : It is lupoid type; wide and strong, wedge-shaped. Seen from the top it is wide and elegant, thinning towards the muzzle, with the occipital crest not very marked with the craniofacial axes almost parallel.
  • Depression links (Stop) : Light, but well defined.

facial region:

  • Truffle : The nose should be very dark in dark dogs, It can be brown or pink in tan-colored dogs., pink or brown in blonde dogs and spotted in spotted dogs.
  • Snout : Seen in profile it is straight, with very strong maxilla and jaws.
  • Lips : Tight and adherent.
  • Jaws / Teeth:
    • Xoloitzcuintle without fur: Strong jaw. The incisors must close perfectly in a scissor bite., The upper incisors surpass the lower incisors, touching the outer surface of the lower incisors with their inner surface., making the jaws square, pincer bite, edge to edge, is also allowed. The absence of some incisor teeth is not penalized, canines, premolars and molars, as well as rotated teeth, since some specimens do not have deep roots, Genetically, the absence of hair is closely linked to the absence of teeth..
    • Xoloitzcuintle with fur: Complete dentition with scissor or pincer bite required. Tongue: The tongue of the Xolos is generally pink, but it may have black marks, polka dots or stripes, this is a common characteristic in the breed, always placed inside the mouth.
  • Cheeks : Slightly developed.

Eyes : They are medium-sized and almond-shaped with an alert and extremely intelligent expression.. Color varies according to skin color, in black tones, brown, Brown, amber or yellow. They prefer the darkest possible and both of the same color. Well-pigmented eyelids in black, brown or gray in dark dogs, allowing light or pink eyelids in light dogs, without this being the most appropriate.

Ears:

  • Hairless variety: The ears are long, large, expressive, very elegant and delicate texture; remember bat ears. Always carried erect in a state of alert; In this position its axis must have an inclination of 50° to 80° in relation to a horizontal line.
  • Variety with hair: The ears are long, big and elegant. They can be erect or drooping. Any position is acceptable, both ears should be in the same position when alert.

Neck:

  • Top profile : Carried high, slightly arched.
  • Length : Proportionally long.
  • Form : Delgado, flexible, good muscular, and extremely elegant.
  • Neck skin: companies, elastic and adherent, without jowl. Puppies have wrinkles that disappear with age.


Body:

Strongly built.

  • Back: The top line appears perfectly straight.
  • Pork loin : Strong and muscular.
  • Breast : Seen in profile it is long and deep, descending to the elbow; the ribs are slightly arched, never flat. Seen from the front the parapet is of good width; the keel of the sternum is not prominent.
  • Belly: Elegantly branded. Muscular and moderately gathered abdomen.

Tail:

It is long and fine with some shaggy hairs., thinning from the base towards the tip in the Xoloitzcuintle hairless variety and completely covered in hair on the Xoloitzcuintle variety with hair; in motion it is carried joyfully and raised in a curved shape, never curled on the back. At rest it is pendant ending in a light hook. On some occasions he places it between the members because of the low temperatures., either, can be considered a sign of shyness. The tail should reach to the hocks. The position of the tail should be an extension of the rump when the dog is at rest.

Tips

PREVIOUS MEMBERS: Seen from the front they are straight and well poised., vertical to the floor.

  • Shoulder: Flat and muscular with good scapulo-humeral angulation that allows a long stride, free and elegant.
  • Elbows: Strong, firm and close to the chest, never outgoing.

LATER MEMBERS: The profile of the rump should be slightly convex, with an inclination of approximately 40 degrees to the horizontal, should be strong and muscular and the knee moderately bent. Seen from behind they appear perfectly straight and parallel to each other.. Coxo-femoral angulations, femoro-tibio-rotuliana and tibio-tarsiana are broad, indispensable to allow free and powerful action to the members. Joined hocks are heavily penalized. Hindquarters never narrow, seen from behind.

FEET: The feet are semi-long (hare foot) with fingers gathered and compact; They have hirsute hairs on the Xoloitzcuintle hairless variety, covered in hair Xoloitzcuintle variety with hair; The nails are black in dark specimens and lighter in bronze or blonde dogs.. Nails must be trimmed. The pads are strong and very resistant to any terrain. The interdigital membranes are well developed. Dewclaws must be amputated from all limbs, except in specimens that live in countries where laws prohibit it.

Movement:

According to the angles, must move freely with elegant steps, long and flexible; in a fast and easy trot, with head and tail always held high.

Mantle

SKIN:

  • Hairless variety: Due to the total absence of hair, The skin of this breed acquires great importance; it's smooth, very sensitive to touch and feels hotter as a result of direct heat emanation due to the absence of hair, However, body temperature is the same as other dogs with fur. Unlike haired breeds, in which heat is dispersed through natural ventilation, the skin requires more care, for lacking natural protection and being exposed to the sun and inclement weather. Accidental scars are not penalized. The dog usually sweats through its feet (interdigital pads and membranes) so he hardly gasps, It only does it in extreme heat. Should be free of obvious skin problems.
  • Variety with hair: The skin on the haired variety Xoloitzcuintle, It is soft and should be completely covered with hair.

HAIR:

  • Hairless variety: The characteristic of this breed is the total absence of hair on the body. (hairless or naked dog); although it has some hirsute hairs, short and dense of any other color on the forehead and nape of the neck, but it should never be longer than 2.5 centimeters and should never form a long, soft pompadour. It is common to find rough hair on the feet and at the end of the tail.; If it does not exist, it should not be penalized.
  • Variety with hair: This variety of Xoloitzcuintle has hair all over its body., may be scarce on the belly and on the inside of the hind limbs.

COLOR:

  • Skin variety without hair: Solid, dark uniform colors are preferred.
    The range varies from black, blackish gray, Slate gray, dark grey, reddish, liver, bronce or rubio; They can also be spotted in any color, including white or tricolor spots..
  • Hair variety with hair: It can present any color or combinations of colors in different shades., as well as having hair of any length or texture throughout the body.


Size and weight:

There are three sizes for males and females..

• Standard variety: older than 46 to 60 cm.. Of 46 – 60 cm tolerance + 2 cm in optimal quality specimens.
• Intermediate variety : older than 36 to 45 cm..
• Miniature variety : 25 to 35 cm..



Fouls:

Any deviation from the aforementioned criteria is considered a fault and the seriousness of this must be considered in exact proportion to the degree and effect on the health and well-being of the dog..

• Very wide head.
• Loose skin, loose and wrinkled in adult dogs.
• Loose neck skin, loose and wrinkled in adult dogs.
• Excessive double chin.
• Light eyes, round and bulging.
• Sunken back (lordosis) the arched (xifosis).
• Croup sagging.
• Jointed hocks.
• Tail curled over the back.
• Short tail.
• Pie plano.

SEVERE FAULTS

• Atypical dogs.
• Long, narrow body with short limbs.
• Hanging tongue.

DISQUALIFYING FOULS

• Aggressiveness or excessive shyness.
• Blue eyes or blue spots inside the eye.
• Any Xoloitzcuintle variety with hair or without hair that presents prognathism or enognathism
• Specimens with bad bite, that denote a poor position of the jaws.
• Cropped or drooping ears in the hairless variety Xoloitzcuintle.
• Cut tail.
• Hair on any part of the hairless variety Xoloitzcuintle, let it not be in the head, ears, neck, foot and tail.
• Albinism, blindness and deafness.
• Dogs larger than 62 cm and less than 25 cm..

Any dog ​​showing physical or behavioral abnormalities, must be disqualified.



N.B.:

Males should have two normal-appearing testicles fully descended into the scrotum..

Source: F.C.I - International Cynological Federation

Alternative names:

1. Mexican hairless dog, xolo (English).
2. xolo, chien nu mexicain, chien nu du Mexique (French).
3. Xoloitzcuintle, Tepeizeuintli, xolo (German).
4. Xoloitzcuintle, xolo (Portuguese).
5. Xolo, Perro azteca, Perro mexica. Perro con y sin pelo mexicano, Bogar, xoloitzcuintli (español).