26-28 cm.. length and a weight between 120 and 140 g..
The Cliff Parakeet(Myiopsitta luchsi) It has a medium size and is mainly green; the front of the crown, lower face and the chest, They are whitish, becoming bright yellow on the lower chest and the belly; the primaries and tail (medium-sized long), They are bright metallic blue.
Similar Monk Parakeet has less extensive white color crown, pale yellow instead of bright yellow in the belly and the pale gray chest It has a scaling effect that give centers feathers dark.
Bill color horn.
The immature They are similar to adults but with forecrown gray tinged with green.
This species was described in 1868 by Finsch as Bolborhynchus luchsi, with specimens from Bolivia. Later, the species was transferred to the genus Myiopsitta and the name Myiopsitta luchsi It was used apparently to 1918 by Cory. From 1943, Bond & de Schauensee and they treat it as a subspecies of monachus(Myiopsitta monachus luchsi), approach that has been followed by all modern authors, but Necklace (1997) finally he considers that the morphological characters and their way of nesting are sufficient to raise again species level.
Habitat:
Video – "Cliff Parakeet" (Myiopsitta luchsi)
It shares the same habitat with another endemic parrot, the Red-fronted Macaw(Ara rubrogenys), although both species do not compete because they feed on different plants.
They found in dry woodland or open fields including fields with trees gallery woods, isolated groups of trees, Palm trees, forests, savannah and scrubland thorny cactus. It is also found in cultivated areas. Visitors from some urban areas. Until 3000 m.
Reproduction:
The breeding season occurs between December and March in crevices in cliffs, constructing a bulky nest branches. Unlike Monk Parakeet(Myiopsitta monachus), the Cliff Parakeet does not nest commonly, but often the nests are placed immediately adjacent to each other. The female is in charge of making this nest, as well as its maintenance.
Couples are for life. The laying is of 5 to 8 eggs per clutch, and incubation lasts a few 26 days. At six weeks old chicks can now leave their nest.
Food:
It feeds on seeds of various fruits, including those of fruits cactus Neocardenasia herzogiana and seeds of the Acacia furcatispina; It is also known to feed on cultivated corn.
Distribution:
Size of its range (breeding/resident): 148.000 km2
Restricted to xerophytic vegetation, near cliffs in intermountain valleys of eastern Andes of Bolivia, from the southeast of Peace, South of Cochabamba and West Santa Cruz, to the North of Chuquisaca and possibly other areas.
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.
• Population trend: Unknown.
Justification of the population
The size of the population has not been estimated, but the species has been described as «quite common» (pit et to the., 1997) and "possibly quite rare" (Juniper and Parr 1998).
Justification of trend
Population trends are difficult to determine due to uncertainty about the extent and severity of threats to the species..
However, like many parrots, They face the traffic of wildlife and wild captivity. Also they suffer direct and immediate consequences of the destruction of their habitat by deforestation and the advance of the agricultural frontier.
Conservation Actions Underway
The species is listed on Appendix II of CITES.
"Cliff Parakeet" in captivity:
Quite common. Very sociable, but shy with the human being.
It is able to vocalize or imitate words, although this quality is far from possessing the capabilities of some genera of the same family.
Alternative names:
– Cliff Parakeet, Bolivean monk parakeet, monk parakeet, Monk Parakeet (Cliff) (English).
– Perriche des falaises, Conure de Luchs, Conure des falaises, Conure des rochers (French).
– Luchssittich, Bolivien Mönchsittich, Bolivien-Mönchsittich (German).
– Cliff Parakeet (Portuguese).
– Cotorra Boliviana (español).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– FAUNA – Psittacidae
– Photos:
(1) – Bolivian Parrot, Bolivia, Sud Chichas, Churquipampa by giorgetta.ch
(2) – Bolivian Parrot, Bolivia, Sud Chichas, Cerro Elefante by giorgetta.ch
(3) – Bolivian Parrot, Bolivia, Sud Chichas, Churquipampa by giorgetta.ch
(4) – A couple of Bolivian parrots in their nest located in the chalky wall of Churquipampa where its waters fall almost freely 330 meters to the creek. The female is arranging the main entrance of the nest while the male takes delight in watching her work by giorgetta.ch
(5) – Bolivian Parrot, Bolivia, Sud Chichas, Churquipampa by giorgetta.ch
(6) – Myopsittacus luchsi = Myiopsitta (monachus) luchsi, Cliff Parakeet, sometimes treated as a subspecies of the Monk Parakeet by John Gerrard Keulemans [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
The Lilac-crowned Parrot(Amazona finschi) has the forecrown and the higher lords, red off; the lower lores, the cheeks and ear-coverts, pale lime green; crown, sides neck and nape, lilac or pale blue with some feathers crown showing narrow black margins.
Mantle green with broad black edges giving distinct scalloped effect; back and scapulars weak green with black borders to some feathers; rump and uppertail-coverts, green, slightly brighter than the back. Wing coverts green. Primaries blue toward the tip, green at the base; the base outerweb the first five secondaries, red with subterminal band yellow and blue tips, secondaries, otherwise, green, becoming blue at tips. Under the wings, brighter yellowish green; flight feather dull green.
Throat yellowish green with bluish tint to some feathers; remaining underparts, yellowish-green with black margins to some feathers (especially in the chest), giving scalloped effect. Tail green tip yellowish green, lateral feathers blue margin to the base of the outerweb. Bill color horn; irises orange red; legs grey.
Both sexes are similar. Immature has the irises dark brown (rather than red).
The Lilac-crowned Parrot Living mainly in wooded hills and mountains, from the tropical zone in the lower levels of the deciduous forests, to the forests of oak and pine-oak forest in the highlands, preferably through the valleys with lush vegetation along streams that run on the basis of cannons; often also in areas of arid or semi-arid vegetation, or clear forest edge, coming into cultivated areas and orchards adjacent to the forest.
mainly in altitudes of 600 to 2.000 m, but recorded at sea level Sinaloa and from sea level to the temperate forest Colima. observed between 360-1.700 metres in Sonora and 880-1.480 metres in Oaxaca. Usually in pairs or small groups, although larger groups are formed in the dry season (500 birds reported) and in communal roosts (more than 1,000 birds reported in the same place Nayarit).
Reproduction:
They nest in tree hollows (for example, Ficus), including old nests woodpeckers (for example, Phloeoceastes) or arboreal termite mounds.
The breeding season It comprises from February to June, nesting with a cycle consisting of 28 incubation days eggs, followed by two months of growth of chickens in the nest (Forshaw 1989, Renton 1998, 2002).
It is mostly residents, but outside the breeding season, visit during autumn, lowlands, for example in Oaxaca. generally common. Described as fairly common locally in southeastern Sonora. abundant in Colima. Very rare in the highlands of Oaxaca. Several wild populations reported in several locations in the United States.
Conservation:
State of conservation ⓘ
Endangered ⓘ(UICN)ⓘ
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: In danger of extinction.
• Population trend: Decreasing.
• Population size : 4700-6700.
Rationale for the Red List category
This species has been selected in danger of extinction because it is suspected that is decreasing very quickly as a function of contractions recorded ranges and due to the unsustainable exploitation and loss of habitat.
Justification of the population
Renton and Elias (2003) estimate the world population between 7.000 and 10.000 individuals, based on surveys covering most of the global range of the species. This equates to approximately 4.700-6.700 mature individuals. An estimate that 5.400 individuals each year are caught illegally in Mexico (Cantu et al ., 2007), implies that the estimation of population Renton and Elias (2003) could be an understatement, but it remains in this evaluation to best data available.
Justification of trend
It is suspected that the population of this species is in decline very fast, based on a study of Marin-Togo et al . (2012), who estimated the current distribution of this species along the Pacific coast of Mexico and he showed a reduction 72.6% its estimated original distribution.
Threats
• The Capture for national and international trade It is the greatest threat to wild populations.
• It is highly valued in trade (Cantu et al., 2007) and it was the kind of Amazon parrot most caught in the early eighties (Inigo-Elias y Ramos 1991).
• The illicit trade is intense and widespread, and Lilac-crowned Parrot It is one of the most frequently confiscated Mexican parrots (K. Renton in litt., 2005).
• During the period 1981-2001, were registered 4.061 individuals in international trade, of which 79% It was exported directly from Mexico and the 64% it took Nature (CITES 2004a).
• Remains one of the five species of Mexican parrots most caught, with an estimated 5.400 individuals / year caught illegally Mexico (Cantu et al ., 2007).
• Los Adults and young people are easily trapped in large numbers due to their habit of congregating at communal shelter sites in the late afternoon (Renton 2005, K. Renton in some 2005).
• Chicks are commonly poached from nests (K. Renton in litt., 2005).
• During interviews with local people throughout the range of the species, the 75% reported poaching in your area (K. Renton in litt., 2005).
• Also, it is said that this species requires semi-deciduous forest with tall mature trees for nesting and can not adapt to the changed areas nesting (Marin-worm Togo et al ., 2012).
• Habitat loss and degradation, mainly for conversion to small and large crops and pastures (K. Renton in some . 2007, A. Salinas in some . 2007, Ortega-Rodriguez and Monterrubio-Rico 2008), are serious threats, with the semi-deciduous forest along the Pacific coast lost at a higher rate than any other type of forest in Mexico (Masera et al ., 1996, K. Renton in litt., 2005), It is resulting in the destruction of nesting sites and reducing the extent of this crucial critical habitat (Renton 2005).
• In Michoacán, nesting areas potentially more accessible, as plains or hills, have been converted to livestock or agricultural farms (Ortega-Rodriguez and Monterrubio-Rico 2008).
• Large development projects, such as dams, also they resulted in loss of breeding habitat for the species (K. Renton in some ., 2007).
• The semi-deciduous forest now covers only 5.106 km2 within the range of the species (Renton and Elias 2003, K. Renton in litt., 2005).
• The decrease in rainfall that could result from the global climate change would lead to a decrease in the reproductive potential of wild populations in tropical dry forests (K. Renton in some ., 2007).
• Despite the various pressures on habitats, by showing that the species has disappeared from more than 70% of its former range, Marin-Togo et al. (2012), has reinforced the view that the capture pressure is the predominant threat to the species.
Conservation Actions Underway
• In 1999, the Mexican government established a Conservation Plan, Protection and Recovery Psitácinos in Mexico, in which the Lilac-crowned Parrot It is considered a priority species (Macias Caballero et al ., 2000).
• In 2004, the species was updated to Appendix 1 of CITES and in 2007 It approved a proposal to change its state species conservation 2008 of "threatened» a «in danger» under the Mexican wildlife law (K. Renton in some.)
• In Mexico, They have made considerable efforts to combat illegal domestic trade, with at least 52 seizures during 1997-2003 (CITES 2004b).
• Inspections carried out in Mexico They resulted in the seizure of 266 live individuals of the species that were offered illegally in the pet trade between 1995 and 2003 (CITES 2004b).
• Monitor the demographic trends through regular surveys.
• Monitor levels of destruction and degradation of habitat.
• Implement trade regulation strategies in the plan 1999.
• Carry out extension work and environmental education as described in the plan 1999.
• Perform the habitat conservation and recovery of wild populations as it recommended in the Plan 1999.
• Monitor the success of the strategies of the plan of 1999.
• Protect the rest of the tropical forest supports in areas where the slope is greater than 6 °: ideally all areas on steep slopes should be restored to forest, to provide habitat for all native wildlife (including the Lilac-crowned Parrot)
• Prevent soil erosion AND promote alternative economic activities in rugged coastal areas such as recreation and tourism. (Ortega-Rodriguez and Monterrubio-Rico 2008).
The Lilac-crowned Parrot in captivity:
Very popular as a pet throughout its area of distribution; It has cultural value as a pet or ornamental bird by its feathers; ability to imitate sounds and its tendency to form bonds with people; widespread in captivity internationally.
Currently protected by the Appendix 1 of CITES.
Each copy captive of this species which is capable of reproducing, should be placed in a well-managed breeding program in captivity and not be sold as a pet, with the objective of ensure their survival long-term.
Alternative names:
– Finsch’s Parrot, Lilac crowned Parrot, Lilac-crowned Amazon, Lilac-crowned Parrot, Pacific Amazon, Pacific Parrot (English).
– Amazone à couronne lilas, Amazone de Finsch, Amazone verte de Finsch (French).
– Blaukappenamazone (German).
– Papagaio-de-finsch (Portuguese).
– Amazona de Corona Violeta, Amazona Guayabera, Loro Corona Lila, loro corona-lila, Loro Corona-violeta (español).
Avibase
Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr Birdlife Naturalist
Photos:
(1) – Lilac-crowned Parrot by Tom Benson – Flickr
(2) – Lilac-crowned Amazon perching on a branch By Amazona_finschi_-perching_on_branch-8.jpg: Cédric Allierderivative work: Snowmanradio [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Lilac-crowned Amazon (Amazona finschi) by Emilie Chen – Flickr
(4) – Lilac-crowned Parrot by wplynn – Flickr
(5) – A pet Lilac-crowned Amazon; head and neck By Gary Denness (originally posted to Flickr as Pretty Boy) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Lilac-crowned Amazon; two in a cage By TJ Lin (originally posted to Flickr as DSCN0549) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – Lilac-crowned Amazon (Amazona finschi) By CDest [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
(8) – Lilac-crowned Amazon at the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, Tucson, Arizona, USA By DrStarbuck from Madison, WI, USA (Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum 18) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(9) – A Lilac-crowned Amazon at Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, USA By Dave Bezaire & Susi Havens-Bezaire [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(10) – Amazona finschi Uploaded by Francisco_aviario – Photobucket
Origin: Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica
Character: Social
Life expectancy: 30 years.
Height: 20,5 cm..
Content
Description:
20,5 cm. length and 80 g. of weight
The Orange-fronted Parakeet(Eupsittula canicularis) It has in forecrown a wide band orange-red which extends over the lores and the part front of it crown; the rest of the crown is blue, fading from nape up to the upperparts in a shade of green grass.
Upperwing-coverts green. Flight feathers, at the top, blue on the outerweb; spiked green and black borders innerwebs; undertail, grey. Underwing-coverts brighter yellowish green. Throat, the sides of neck and the chest a shading pale yellow and pale olive oliváceo in belly and in the undertail-coverts. Upper, the tail green with blue tip; undertail, pale yellow olive.
Bill color pale horn; cere whitish; bare periophthalmic whitish: irises pale yellow; legs grey-brown. Both sexes are similar. The immature has a front patch Orange much smaller and irises brown.
They inhabit in fields slightly woody or open areas with scattered trees lowland ASAL, including thorny deciduous forests and tropical forests; the Orange-fronted Parakeet They are more abundant below 600 m, even they reach 1.500 meters in the high arid lands of central Honduras after breeding, forming flocks near the 50 birds, sometimes many more.
The Orange-fronted Parakeet They are well adapted to partially clear habitats, reposing in plantations Palma and handle, often near cities. Communal roosts have been observed in the company of the White-fronted Parrot (Amazona albifrons) in riparian forests Guatemala. Usually arboreal.
Reproduction:
An active termitero, usually Nasutitermes nigriceps, It is the preferred place to nest construction of Orange-fronted Parakeet; Several couples sometimes dig holes next few other; also they use tree cavities (for example, hole made by woodpeckers).
Reproduction March to May in Oaxaca, Mexico; January-may in El Salvador; during the dry season in Costa Rica.
The laying is of 3 to 5 eggs). Only the female incubates. The incubation lasts around 30 days. The chicks leave the nest to 6 weeks.
Food:
In its natural habitat the the diet of the Orange-fronted Parakeet includes seeds of Ceiba and Inga, fruits of Ficus, Bursera and Brosimum, and flowers of Gliricidia and Combretum. Sometimes they invade causing farmland damage in maturation corn and the banana.
Distribution and status:
Size of its range (reproduction / resident): 1.490.000 km2
They live in the shed peaceful of Central America, from northwest Mexico to the Northwest of Costa Rica. The Frentinaranja Aratinga can be seen from Sinaloa and West Durango, south along the lowlands of Mexican Pacific until Chiapas and Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua, until Costa Rica, lthough there is a recent contraction of their distribution in the northwest.
Habitat in the mountains of Caribbean It is limited to Comayagua Valley in the Honduran central highlands. Resident very common; Partially nomadic after breeding when birds can move to higher altitudes.
What introduced species They are located around the city of Miami (Florida), around town New York City and in the South of Texas, around town Santa Ana (United States).
They can also be seen in City of Mexico.
The capture for trade in live birds apparently led to a decrease in their number, as well as the contraction of the scope of its population in Costa Rica and possibly elsewhere; however the volume for international trade bird cage is small.
Distribution 3 subspecies:
Eupsittula canicularis canicularis
(Linnaeus, 1758) – Subspecies nominal. shed peaceful Southwestern Mexico, from the Tehuantepec isthmus and Chiapas through the west region Central America to the Northwest of Costa Rica.
(Lesson,PA, 1842) – lowlands peaceful South of Mexico, from the east Michoacán until Oaxaca. The range in relation to the Eupsittula canicularis canicularis, is uncertain
Conservation:
State of conservation ⓘ
Minor Concern ⓘ(UICN)ⓘ
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.
• Population trend: Stable.
Justification of the Red List of the Category
This species has a very large range, and therefore does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the range size criterion (extent of occurrence <20.000 kilómetros2 combinado con un tamaño gama disminución o fluctuante, hábitat medida / calidad, o tamaño de la población y un pequeño número de localidades o fragmentación severa). The trend of the population appears to be stable, and therefore the species does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable according to the population trend criterion. (> 30% decrease of more than ten years or three generations). The size of the population is very large, and therefore does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the criterion of population size (<10.000 individuos maduros con una disminución continua estimada en> 10% in ten years or three generations, or a specified population structure). For these reasons, the species is evaluated as Least concern.
Justification population
Partners in Flight estimate the total population in 500,000-4,999,999 individuals (A. they Panjabi in a little. 2008).
Justification trend
The population is suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence of any reduction or substantial threats.
"Orange-fronted Parakeet" in captivity:
Becoming less common. Its population has declined in many areas because of its capture for the illegal pet trade.
Protected by the Appendix II of CITES.
Alternative names:
– Half-Moon Conure, Half-Moon Parakeet, Orange fronted Parakeet, Orange-fronted Conure, Orange-fronted Parakeet, Petz’s Conure (English).
– Conure à front orange, Conure à front rouge, Conure de Petz , Perriche à front rouge, Perruche à front orange, Perruche à front rouge, Perruche de Petz (French).
– Elfenbeinsittich (German).
– Periquito-de-testa-laranja (Portuguese).
– Aratinga Frentinaranja, Conuro Frente Anaranjada, Perico de Frente Anaranjada, Perico Frente Naranja, perico frente-naranja, Perico Frentinaranja, Periquito Centroamericano, Periquito naranjera (español).
– Perico frentinaranja (Costa Rica).
– Periquito naranjera (Honduras).
– perico frente naranja, perico frente-naranja, Perico Frentinaranja (Mexico).
– Perico Frentinaranja (Nicaragua).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Photos:
(1) – Orange-fronted Parakeet or Orange-fronted Conure (Aratinga canicularis) also known as the Half-moon Conure. Photo taken in a front garden, San Diego, USA By derivative work: Snowmanradio (talk)Aratinga_canicularis_-pet-4.jpg: awnisALAN [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – A wild Orange-fronted parakeet (Aratinga canicularis) along the beach of the Gulf of Papagayo (Papagallo), Costa Rica. The parakeet was seen in a group of 3 birds feeding on seeds of this tree By Cwood1 Charlene Wood (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Orange-fronted Parakeet or Orange-fronted Conure (Aratinga canicularis) also known as the Half-moon Conure. Photo taken in a front garden, San Diego, USA By awnisALAN (originally posted to Flickr as [1]) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Two Orange-fronted Parakeets in Costa Rica By Don Faulkner (Orange-fronted ParakeetUploaded by snowmanradio) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – A pair of Orange-fronted Parakeets in Rincón de la Vieja Volcano National Park, Costa Rica By Brian Ralphs from Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, UK (Orange-fronted ParakeetsUploaded by snowmanradio) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Iconographie des perroquets :.Paris :P. Bertrand,1857.. by Biodiversity Heritage Library – Flickr
20 to 26 cm. in length and 72–85 grams in weight. It is one of the smallest Aratingas.
The Olive-throated Parakeet(Eupsittula nana) has the head and upperparts dark green; feathered area of cere yellow to orange-red.
Upperwing-coverts dark green, outer more emerald. The Outer secondaries and inner primaries deep dark blue tipped black above; the outer primary blue only towards tips. The greater underwing-coverts and underside of the flight feather dull slate or brownish-grey; the remaining coberteras are light green. Chin, throat and sides neck chocolate-brown they are merging with brownish olive on top of chest which turns yellow at the bottom and the belly; undertail-coverts light green. Uppertail dark green with blue diffusion, especially towards the tip; undertail metallized yellow-olive. Bill brown with the tip paler; irises yellow to orange; legs blackish-gray.
All plumages are similar but immature has irises brown.
Sound of the Olive-throated Parakeet.
Subspecies description:
three subspecies Panamanian and Honduran birds previously bore the respective names outmost and melloni, but light regional variations in Central America (p. e.g.. birds in southern paler and those of Tabasco, Mexico and Honduras They are darker) not justify more separations as described below.
Eupsittula nana astec
(Souance, 1857) – Similar to the nominal but the throat and (especially the underparts) more pale brown, the bill perhaps smaller average.
(Bangs & Penard,TO, 1919) – Slightly larger than the subspecies Eupsittula nana astec, up brighter and greener down
NOTE The continental population is sometimes treated as a full species under the name A. astec, although the differences with Jamaican birds are minimal.
Habitat:
Video – "Olive-throated Parakeet" (Eupsittula nana)
They live mainly in forests and forest edges (especially adjacent lowland) in wet areas (to 1.100 m in Honduras, to 700 m in Costa Rica and a 300 m in southern Mexico), It is less frequent in large tracts of rainforest; reported in arid areas (Veracruz) and pine forests (Honduras), open country with scattered trees (including acreages) and plantations. More common in Jamaica in mid-level humid limestone forests. Usually it remains below the canopy. larger groups can be formed (c. 30) after breeding or when food is abundant. mixed flocks with Crimson-fronted Parakeet reported in Costa Rica.
Reproduction:
Arboreal termitarium prefer to lay their nests, where birds excavate the cavity; also used treeholes. Often nests at the edge of a river or forest. Breeding season March, Jamaica; April May, Belize and Guatemala. The implementation is of 3-4 eggs that hatch in 26-27 days. After hatching, it takes about 50 days until chicks are ready for independence.
Note: In most birds, male/female bonds occur only during the breeding season and function solely in coordinating parental care. La monogamy perenne, or linking partner throughout the year, It occurs in at least a dozen families of birds, including cockatoos and other parrots.
Food:
Registered foods include higos ficus, Psidium, Inga, Hura, fruit of Hieronyma and guilt of tamarindo unripened. attacking crops, especially corn, and it is considered highly destructive in some areas.
Distribution:
Extending its range (breeding/resident): 1,373,500 km2
distributed by the Gulf and the Caribbean slope of Central America and Jamaica; a population in Hispaniola (Sierra de Bahoruco, Dominican Republic) It comes from a recent introduction from Jamaica. In Mexico, the Olive-throated Parakeet It extends from eastern San Luis Potosi and South of Tamaulipas, through South Veracruz until Oaxaca, North of Chiapas and Yucatan; then through the humid north of Guatemala and the Caribbean slope of Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica to western Panama. It is located along Jamaica except in the high mountains and the humid mountain range of John Crow in the East.
Resident and locally common to abundant (commonly the most abundant parrot in some localities) although it is likely to be decreased in some areas (p. and. Jamaica and Costa Rica) due to the loss of habitat. Less common in southern Costa Rica and uncommon in Panama, where possibly a seasonal visitor Southern Lemon.
Caught for live bird market, but rare in international trade.
(Vigors, 1830) – Nominal. Jamaica, apparently in most areas except the high mountains and the humid Cordillera de John Crow
Eupsittula nana vicinalis
(Bangs & Penard,TO, 1919) – East of Mexico south of Veracruz, zone of contact with the last unknown species
Conservation:
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.
• Population trend: Decreasing.
• Population size : 500,000-4,999,999 individuals.
Rationale for the Red List category
Although the demographic trend appears to be declining, the decline is not believed to be rapid enough to approach the Vulnerable thresholds based on demographic trend criteria (> 30% decrease in ten years or three generations). The population size is very large, and therefore does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the criterion of population size (<10.000 individuos maduros con un descenso continuo estimado en >10% in ten years or three generations, or with a specific population structure). For these reasons, the species is evaluated as Least concern.
The subspecies Eupsittula nana nana It is endemic to Jamaica, where still widespread but probably has a moderately small population (approximately 10.000 mature individuals), all in one subpopulation, inferring that is in continuous decline due to a variety of threats including loss and degradation of the habitat, pursuit and capture for trade. So, It has been classified as Near-threatened.
Justification of the population
Partners in Flight They estimate that the total population is 500,000-4,999,999 individuals (A. Panjabi a slightly. 2008).
Justification trend
They suspected that the population is declining due to continuing habitat destruction and unsustainable levels of exploitation.
"Olive-throated Parakeet" in captivity:
Uncommon in international trade. Their life expectancy is over 15 years.
It is included in the appendix ll of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora Silvestre(CITES).
The Olive-throated Parakeet It is important to attract tourists with hotel advantages in the Caribbean and tropical areas that offer free bird tour with reservations. It is one of the reasons why this beautiful bird should remain free..
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Photos:
(1) – Jamaican Parakeet (aka Olive-throated Parakeet or Aztec Parakeet) in captivity in Costa Rica By http://www.birdphotos.com (Own work) [CC BY 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Aratinga nana astec in Belize By Dominic Sherony [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Aratinga (nana) astec in Tikal, Guatemala By Aztec_Parakeet_(Aratinga_astec)_-Guatemala-8.jpg: Walter Rodriguez from Berlin, Germanyderivative work: Snowmanradio [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Aratinga (nana) astec in Tikal, Guatemala By Walter Rodriguez from Berlin, Germany (parakeetUploaded by Snowmanradio) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Eupsittula nana. Celestún Biosphere Reserve, Yucatan, México By Katja Schulz from Washington, D. C., USA (Olive-throated Parakeet) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – A painting of an Olive-throated Parakeet, also known as the Olive-throated Conure, (originally captioned «Psittacara nana. Dwarf Parakeet Maccaw.») by Edward Lear 1812-1888 [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
The upperparts of the New Caledonian Parakeet(Cyanoramphus saisseti) they are mostly green, with some bluish green in the tail, violet-blue along the outerweb flight feathers, and red patches on each side of the rump. The underparts are yellowish green, yellower near throat, and gray below tail(Forshaw 1989, Juniper & Parr 1998, Doughty et al. 1999).
A red patch extends from the crown up to the forecrown, and it extends in a narrow band from the forecrown up to the ears(Juniper & Parr 1998).
The bill is leaden gray, with black tips, the irises is red-orange and legs are dark gray. (Layard & Layard 1882b, Juniper & Parr 1998).
The males typically exceed the females in size, although its plumage is similar (Verreaux & walls 1860, Layard & Layard 1882b, Salvadori 1891, Forshaw 1989)
taxonomy:
In the past it was considered to New Caledonian Parakeet conspecific of Red-crowned parakeet(Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae) of New Zealand, but genetic studies have shown that it is a separate species and occupying a basal position on gender Cyanoramphus, which indicates that the genus would have its origin in New Caledonia.
Sound of the New Caledonian Parakeet.
Habitat:
The New Caledonian Parakeet They were primarily fed at low altitudes canopy, and regularly they observed on the edge of the forest, on slopes or in the forest maquis (scrub).
Seem to have small populations and their distributions are expected to shrink as a result of climate change.
They are not particularly shy, although they tend to be rather calm and difficult to observe.
Reproduction:
It has been reported that the nesting It occurs between November and January, and nidadas They consist of two to five eggs, that they are placed in holes in trees (Hannecart & Létocart 1980, Theuerkauf et al. 2009b).
Genetic evidence suggests that the species is polyandrous, and the presence of male food assistants suggests that probably involves mating system poliandria cooperative (Theuerkauf et al., 1999).
Food:
It is usually fed in average heights, low canopy, but it has also been observed that feeds on the floor.
Essentially it is granivore. It feeds mainly on seeds and fruits, besides berries, nuts and other plant parts (outbreaks, flowers and leaves).
Distribution:
The New Caledonian Parakeet It is endemic to the main island of New Caledonia, although there are still uncertainties about the extent of its range and population size (Taylor 1985, Juniper & Parr 1998). The species was considered rare at the time of its introduction (Verreaux & walls 1860). But, in the decade of 1880, Flocks of birds were reported in the West, flying into the valleys Moindou from nearby mountain forests, where it is rumored to have slept in large quantities (Layard & Layard 1882b).
It has the lowest population density of parrots New Caledonia.
Conservation:
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Vulnerable.
• Population trend: Decreasing.
• Population size : 2500-10,000 individuals.
The New Caledonian Parakeet They face a variety of threats, and their populations seem to be in decline. But, it is difficult to determine the cause or extent of their declines due to the paucity of ecological data.
classified as Vulnerable because it has a single small population suspected to be declining due to predation by invasive species; his fortress is in an area threatened by nickel mining and may be in rapid decline in the near future.
The humid mountain forest is not threatened, but it is possible that this species in need of other habitats, some of which, particularly semi-deciduous forests lowland, They have almost disappeared from the island. It is possible that introduced diseases (such as avian malaria) or the mammals (especially rats) It has been a cause of decline.
There is no evidence that nest poaching is widespread.
"New Caledonian Parakeet" in captivity:
unregistered.
Alternative names:
– New Caledonian Parakeet, New Caledonian Parrot, New Caledonian Red-crowned Parakeet, Red-crowned Parakeet (inglés).
– Perruche à front rouge, Perruche calédonienne, Perruche de Nouvelle-Calédonie (francés).
– Cyanoramphus saisseti (alemán).
– Periquito-da-nova-caledônia (portugués).
– Perico de Nueva Caledonia (español).
• Avibase
• Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
• Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
• Birdlife
Photos:
(1) – Cyanoramphus saisseti, blue river park, New Caledonia by Mickaël T. [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Cyanoramphus saisseti Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1882 (Web) by Joseph Smit [Public domain]
28-31 cm. length and 120-140 weight g
The Monk Parakeet(Myiopsitta monachus) has the forecrown (up to the half of the crown), the lores and cheeks, pale ash gray; the rear of the crown and nape, grass-green, fading to green, slightly more off, in the the mantle, the back and scapulars; rump green. Primary coverts, blue; other coverts, green. Flight feathers Blue by up. Under the wings has the lesser coverts green, the coverts more large and innerwebs of the the flight feathers, blue. Throat and upper area of the chest, ash gray, with pale edges to the feathers, giving a beaming effect; lower area of the chest, pale yellow; Abdomen, the thighs and vent, pale green.
Upper, the tail is green with blue in the Center; below, pale bluish-green. Bill color horn; Brown of the irises; legs grey. Both sexes are similar. Immature has the front green-tinted.
The Monk Parakeet is, mainly, in dry wooded areas or fields open with trees, such as gallery forest, isolated thickets, palm groves, forests, linens and areas with thorny thickets with Cactus, also in land cultivation and in urban areas with trees, mainly below 1.000 m.
They tend to be observed in pairs or flocks of 30-50 individuals; with much larger gatherings out of breeding season. Rest communally, Sometimes the nests, While you are not playing.
Note:
There are reports of transmission lines damaged by birds while nesting. In general, in the area in which have been introduced these birds, the impacts are associated mainly to the behaviors of nesting. This species of birds build large, bulky nests in communications and transmission towers, and distribution poles. In the towers of transmission represent simply a problem of maintenance and does not affect the communications, but in electrical installations can cause blackouts and fires since the nests can create electrical circuits. This problem is intensified in the rainy season and humid climates.. The nests of these birds can cause significant damage to the facilities power including a decrease in electrical reliability, damage to equipment and loss in income due to power outages caused by nests, an increase in maintenance and operating costs associated with removing nests and repairing damaged structures as well as public safety issues (ISC 2011).
It's the only one, between the parrots, It builds, usually, his nest with twigs (commonly from Celtis shrubs) in branches of tree (sometimes in telephone poles, etc.). Sometimes build nests alone (especially in those areas more dry), Although they are usually communal (until 100 nests, usually around 10) combined to form large structures cluttered of several meters of width, with inputs from the side or by under. Each nest It is built with remains of chewed branches. The nests are sometimes used by them Spot-winged Falconet (Spiziapteryx circumcincta) and other birds, to nest and rest. One nest can get to to weigh 50 kilos and be formed by more than 20.000 remained.
The breeding season, in your area natural's distribution, is between October-December. The clutch generally 4-6 eggs, Although according to some sources, the laying You can understand between 1-11 eggs.
Food:
Its diet includes a wide range of seeds wild and cultivated, wild fruits, as well as various plant material including grass seeds and grains, stems of cactus, estate vegetables and fruits cultivated, sometimes also insects and their larvae. Feeds, both in trees as in the soil, sometimes with other species including pigeons and birds of the genus Molothrus.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 2720000 km2
The Monk Parakeet lives in the lowlands of the South of South America, to the East of the Andes front Bolivia to Rawson Department (Chubut) in Argentina.
Observed in the East and North of Bolivia in the southeast of Peace, to the south, in Cochabamba, West of Santa Cruz, North of Chuquisaca and possibly in other areas (for example, Tarija), Paraguay and South of Brazil, in the South and West of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso from the South and two-thirds of the southwest of Rio Grande do Sul, in all the Uruguay and in the Argentina, to the South of Rio Negro and probably to the North of Chubut.
Usually common and abundant in Uruguay and Rio Grande do Sul (although it does not play there). It is the most common parrot in much of its range and largely local expansion is due to the plantations of Euralyptus in areas without trees, partial deforestation in other areas, the Elimination of predators and the expansion of crops.
Pursued in several areas, Although the overall effect on its population is apparently slight.
Wild populations established in many towns outside of the range, including Puerto Rico, Florida, New York City (where there are fears it could become a major agricultural pest) and several cities more than them EE.UU. There have also been populations of the Monk Parakeet in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), berlin (Germany), Austria, Belgium, Italy, Spain (including the Islas Canarias) and several places over the Mediterranean.
Is a trade in these birds, both local, as international, with large numbers of this species in captivity.
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.
• Population trend: Increasing.
Justification of the population
Global population size has not been quantified, but this species is described as «common» (Stotz et to the., 1996) and ‘common to abundant‘ (pit et to the., 1997).
Justification of trend
The population is suspected to have increased as a consequence of the creation of new areas of habitat suitable (pit et to the., 1997).
Threats
The species has been marketed strongly: from 1981, When is included in the Appendix II of the CITES, they have been 710.686 individuals captured in the Middle wild for the Commerce International (database CITES from the UNEP-WCMC, January 2005).
"Monk Parakeet" in captivity:
Renowned for her beauty and intelligence, the Monk Parakeet is a pet people, especially in North America, since the 1960's (ISC, 2011). Can learn to imitate great amount of words, but at the same time are very bustling, demanding of attention and affection, with much character, and very territorial, by what not is rare that attack to their own owners when the manipulated or manipulate your cage. In captivity is reproduced with ease, but to the have many colonies in State Wildlife, not be usually stimulate its reproduction in captivity.
Its life expectancy It 3-10 years in freedom and 25 to 35 years in captivity (Álvarez-Romero et al., 2008).
Before trying to acquire one of these birds as a pet, you should know that in many countries its sale is prohibited as it is classified as species invasive.
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENT
Royal Decree 630/2013, of 2 of August, which regulates the Spanish catalog of invasive alien species.
Invasive exotic species: exotic species that is introduced or set to an ecosystem or natural or semi-natural habitat, and is an agent of change and threat to native biodiversity, due to its invasive behaviour, or because of the risk of genetic contamination.
Article 7. Effects of the inclusion of a species in the catalogue.
The inclusion of a species in the catalogue, According to the article 61.3 of the law 42/2007, of 13 of December, entails the prohibition generic in its possession, transport, traffic and trade of exemplary living or dead, of their remains or propagules, including the trade exterior. This prohibition is limited to the scope of application specified for each species in the annex.
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Wikipedia
– Photos:
(1) – A Monk Parakeet (also known as the Quaker Parrot) on Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, By Juan Emilio Spain from Las Palmas, Spain [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – An argentina Parrot (Myiopsitta monachus) in Madrid (Spain) by Luis García [GFDL or CC BY-SA 3.0 It], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – An argentina Parrot (Myiopsitta monachus) en el Parque del Retiro de Madrid (Spain) by Luis García [GFDL or CC BY-SA 3.0 It], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Two Monk Parakeets (also known as the Quaker Parrot) in Funchal, Madeira. It looks like the bird with its beak facing upwards is trying to obtain food from the other parrot By straman from Brussels, Belgium [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – A Monk Parakeet (also known as the Quaker Parrot) in Punta del Diablo, Rocha, Uruguay By Cláudio Dias Timm from Rio Grande do Sul [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Monk Parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus) Old San Juan, Puerto Rico Ujorge at English Wikipedia [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – Photography taken in Uruguay By Dario Niz (http://avesdeuruguay.blogspot.com/) [CC BY 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(8) – Monk Parakeets (also known as the Quaker Parrot) in Boynton Beach, Florida, USA By Maureen Leong-Kee [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(9) – Monk Parakeet (also known as the Quaker Parrot) nest colony By Eduardo Merille [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
The Green-rumped Parrotlet(Forpus passerinus) is the psittacine smaller that can be found on the American continent. It is distinguished by being green, with a brighter green in the front, cheeks, lower part of the body and behind the neck; the rump bright green in the two sexes, wing
with one Strip Turquoise Blue followed by another greenish-blue in males; belly lighter than the back, tail with yellow border.
Female with rump greenish-yellow and wings without blue. It is possible to have dyes more yellowish forehead.
(Schlegel, 1864) – Also known as Parrotlet Schlegel. Similar to the subspecies Forpus passerinus passerinus, but the feathers of the tail of the female they are more green in the bottom. Also it has more yellow along the forecrown .
Forpus passerinus cyanophanes
(Todd, 1915) – Show more blue with the wing
closed in the other subspecies.
Forpus passerinus deliciosus
(Ridgway, 1888) – The male has the rear area Emerald green with blue and pale blue tint at the edge of the the greater wing coverts. Female has more yellow in all the facial area.
(Lafresnaye, 1848) – Also known as Venezuela green parakeet. The plumage is green in males; in females varies considerably according to the region they inhabit.
Habitat:
It is found in dry forest, semi-open areas, crops, among others, until the 500 m. In flocks of more of 100 individuals. You can perform altitudinal migrations.
Reproduction:
It nests in abandoned nests of woodpeckers or in other holes, from May to November.
Food:
They feed on seeds, including the of the grasses.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 1.060.000 km2
This is a very widespread and common. They are distributed in the northeast of Colombia, North of Venezuela, Guyanas to the northeast of Brazil, also in Curacao, Trinidad and the West Indies.
(Todd, 1915) – Are found in the areas around the North of Colombia.
Forpus passerinus deliciosus
(Ridgway, 1888) – Is located in the lower basin of the amazon, in Brazil.
Forpus passerinus passerinus
(Linnaeus, 1758) – The nominal. Found in the Guianas.
Forpus passerinus viridissimus
(Lafresnaye, 1848) – Found in the North of Venezuela, Trindad and Tobago.
Conservation:
State of conservation ⓘ
Minor Concern ⓘ(UICN)ⓘ
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.
• Population trend: Decreasing.
Justification of the population
The size of the world population It has not been quantified, but this species is described as «common» (Stotz et to the., 1996).
Justification of trend
It is suspected that this species has lost 19,2-21% of habitat within its distribution in three generations (12 years) based on a model of Amazon deforestation (Soares-Filho et to the., 2006, Bird et to the., 2011). Given the susceptibility of the species to hunt or capture, It is suspected that it will fall in <25% durante tres generaciones.
"Green-rumped Parrotlet" in captivity:
It´s common bird cage. In captivity they are sweet and playful. It might be possessive with toys and people.
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Parrot Book, Parrots and macaws Neotropical
– Photos:
(1) – Forpus passerinus in Trinidad 2014, Caribbean By Jam.mohd (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Photograph of pet Green-rumped Parrotlet (Forpus passerinus) By self (Own work) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Green-rumped Parrotlet, (Forpus passerinus), a pair, male (right) and female (left), in Venezuela By kulyka on flickr (Flickr) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Periquito mastrantero [Green-rumped Parrotlet] (Forpus passerinus viridissimus) by Cristóbal Alvarado Minic – Flickr
(5) – Periquito mastrantero [Green-rumped Parrotlet] (Forpus passerinus viridissimus) by Cristóbal Alvarado Minic – Flickr
(6) – Blue-winged Parrotlet, adult male (above); Green-rumped Parrotlet, young(?) male (below) Joseph Smit [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
The Spot-winged Parrotlet(Touit stictopterus) It has a green overall coloration, clearer to the abdomen, wings brownish with white spots; below the tail opaque olive is yellow with blue edge.
The female differs from the male by feathers middle-lower wing
which they are green; the forecrown and the face They are yellowish green.
Very rare species. Observed at the local level and in low densities in a Habitat in decline. Its population It is likely to be small and declining, with very small sub-populations in each known locality. It inhabits in semi-humid cloud forests and seasonal crop areas, between 600 and 2400 m. Apparently performs altitudinal migrations, Perhaps conditioned by the supply of food.
Reproduction:
The reproduction It is performed in March.
Food:
They feed on fruit and corn.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 129.000 km2
It lives in the wild in the Andes, southern Central cordilleras and Eastern in Colombia, western Ecuador and North of Peru.
Conservation:
State of conservation ⓘ
Vulnerable ⓘ(UICN)ⓘ
Globally it is in the category vulnerable (VU) and in Colombiain danger of extinction (IN). Deforestation in Andes It is their main threat.
"Spot-winged Parrotlet" in captivity:
Because of its condition It is not recommended that you keep this bird as a pet.
Minor Concern ⓘ
(UICN)ⓘ
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