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Russian Blue Cat
Recognized by CFA, FIFe, TICA, ACF, ACFA/CAA, CCA-AFC, GCCF

The nature of Russian Blue Cat it is fascinating and versatile. On the one hand he is frugal and calm, but on the other hand it can also be temperamental and wild.
Azul Ruso
Photo: Wilkipedia

Content

Characteristics "Russian Blue Cat"

Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a cat of the breed "Russian Blue Cat" you know certain factors. You must take into account their character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

Joy

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3.0 out of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Activity level

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Friendliness to other pets

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Friendliness to children

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Grooming requirements

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Vocality

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Need for attention

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Affection towards its owners

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Docility

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Intelligence

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Independence

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Hardiness

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History

Companion of the Russian Tsars, or from the English sailors?

Was the cat born near the cold waters of the Russian port of Arkhangelsk, or under the Maltese or Spanish sun?

Many legends surround the origin of the mysterious Russian Blue Cat. But, fans and official associations today privilege the Russian track, according to the breed name.

It all started in the 17th century on the shores of the White Sea, in the vicinity of the port city of Arkhangelsk, in northern Russia. Coveted and hunted for its unique thick, bluish fur, this typical cat of the region was quickly adopted by sailors for its qualities to hunt rodents. About 1860, British merchant ships brought this amazing feline to their holds. This allowed the breed to spread, initially in the UK and later in the rest of Europe. But, this diffusion is still quite modest.

The first mentions of him Russian Blue Cat as a whole-part race appear in works published in Great Britain from 1865. They are then evoked there under the name of “blue archangels”, russian shorthair or still foreign blue. But, was not up 1871 when the breed actually became known to Victorian society under the name of “Archangel Cat”, after his presentation at the Crystal Palace in London.

As a cultural center that hosted part of the Universal Exhibition of 1851 and as a cabinet of animate and inanimate curiosities open to the public, the Crystal Palace had international fame at the time. Animal exhibits, especially cats, were the most common and popular. But, the Russian Blue Cat did not arouse much interest in this first public appearance. Introduced at the same time as other blue-coated cats like the Chartreux or the British shorthair cat, it blended into the background and only attracted the attention of some rare fans, among them one such Constance Carex-Cox.

Russian Blue
Russian Blue

Then, in charge of a hatchery of Abyssinian cats, British shorthair cats and Manx cats, acquired his first Russian blues, developed the breed and took it upon himself to promote it to the general public. He wrote an article defending the differences between the Russian Blue Cat and the British shorthair cat in one of the first reference books on cat breeding, The Book of cats, de Frances Simpson (1903). His pugnacity was rewarded in 1912, When the Governing Council of the Cat Fancy (GCCF), the main British feline organism, officially recognized the difference between British shorthair cat and the Russian Blue Cat. As a result, a separate class was created for cat shows, which is now registered under the name of “Foreign Blue”. This inversion of the terms in relation to the name used previously (“blue alien”) underlines that his most important feature is the blue of his eyes, more than its appearance “exotic”.

In 1939, still in the uk, officially received the name of Russian Blue. The other countries will adopt this name as the breed is recognized by the different national organizations..

In fact, its mitigated success among the British public does not prevent the Russian Blue Cat be exported to the United States and Canada between 1888 and 1890. There it also suffered from comparison with other local blue cats, including American shorthair cat. But, careful crossing allowed to develop a Russian Blue Cat finer than original, which was successful until 1940.

In the rest of europe, and in particular in France, the Russian Blue Cat was almost a victim of history, especially after the Bolshevik revolution of 1917. In fact, driven by deep anti-Bolshevik sentiment, the population despised everything that could have a Russian origin. The race had a hard time establishing itself. But, was presented for the first time in France in 1925 with the name of Maltese cat, before receiving the official name of Russian Blue in 1939, like on the other side of the canal.

The fighting and deprivation of World War II also endangered the survival of the Russian Blue Cat. But, after the end of the conflict, the dynamic breeding programs in England and Scandinavia make it possible to stop the extinction of the breed thanks to, in particular, to crosses with other cats, that contribute to the appearance of various morphological varieties of Russian Blue. In the United Kingdom, Marie Rochford, the only breeder that has preserved a pure lineage, decides to cross their specimens with siameses Blue Point. This permanently modifies the morphology of the Russian Blue, that gets thinner, to the point where the breed standard changes in the fifties. But, this trend stops a few years later, in 1965-1966, in particular thanks to the breeding program established by the Association Russian Blue. In 1967, the British Russian Blue had returned to its original more rounded shape and the original standard was back in force.

At the same time, in scandinavian regions, local breeders chose to recreate the breed by crossing Siamese with local blue stray cats. Compared to British lines, these lines of Russian Blue have a shorter, denser coat and smaller body size.

In United States, the Association of amateurs of cats (CFA) recognized the breed in 1949. But, the importation of British and Scandinavian specimens makes it difficult to evaluate cats in competitions, since the representatives of the breed have very different appearances. From 1960, Crossing programs between the different types were launched in order to homogenize the physical, what drove in the years 90 to the disappearance of the Scandinavian type in the country, for the benefit of British and American types only.

Is this the end of the tribulations of the Russian Blue Cat?

Not counting the interventions of Australian and New Zealand breeders who, over the years 60, they launched experiments to create russian blues black and russian blues White. The Australian Mavis Jones thus obtained the first Russian Blue Cat black and white in the years 70, when crossing a domestic cat white and a Russian Blue. But, 50 years later, only a limited number of organizations recognize the White Russian Blue and Black Russian Blue as official varieties of the breed. But, is the case of the Australian Cat Federation (ACF) in Australia, the New Zealand Cat Fancy (NZCF) in New Zealand, the Southern African Cat Council (SACC) in south africa, just like him Governing Council of the Cat Fancy (GCCF) in the UK and the Official Book of Feline Origins (LOOF) in France. In fact, these various feline organisms have gone so far as to change the breed name to eliminate any reference to color: for them, the cat is now simply Russian. The Cat’s Fanciers Association (CFA) and The International Cat association (TICA) in United States, as well as the Fédération Internationale Féline (FIFé) and World Cat Association (WCF) in Europe and around the world, disagree and refuse to recognize these varieties.

Last, it is impossible to close the history of Russian Blue Cat not to mention his long haired brother, the Nebelung cat, born in the years 80 and today recognized as a breed in its own right.

In the news, the emerald-eyed blue feline has a following mainly in the UK (located between the 10 Britain's most popular cats), Japan, EE.UU. (it is located just below the post 20 of the most popular cat breeds in the U.S.), Germany and France, where does he occupy the position 25 of the favorite breeds of cats of the French, nails on 150 annual inscriptions in the Official Book of Feline Origins (LOOF)

Physical characteristics

The Russian Blue Cat is an elegant short-haired cat with long legs and a slim complexion..

Russian Blue. American type. The breeder is Brad Kardux, Bluemews Cattery, Pennsylvania – Doug Miller, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

The special feature of Russian Blue it's your calling double fur, in which the outer coat is the same length as the undercoat. This makes the coat stand out and is especially soft and silky.. As the name suggests, the the fur color is always blue or blue-gray. Shading is not allowed, white spots or brindle markings. When they are young, cats may still be slightly tabby.

Although black and white are not recognized by all feline organizations, all agree that the color of the cat's coat must be perfectly uniform throughout the body, including muzzle and paw pads. Shading is excluded, brindle marks or spots. But, kittens can sometimes show ghost markings on their flanks and tail, that disappear at approximately one year of age.

Thanks to the colorless hair ends (tipping), blue fur glows silver in the light.

The elegant Russian has a graceful posture and a head angular with a mouth “smiling”. The Greats eyes, almond-shaped, develop an emerald green coloration in adult animals.

Size and weight

  • Male size: 30 cm.
  • female size: 30 cm.
  • Male weight: 3,5 – 4,5 kg
  • female weight: 2,5 at 3,5 kg
  • Varieties "Russian Blue Cat"

    Despite the efforts of the breeders of the Russian Blue Cat for standardizing the physique of the breed, different morphological types still exist, due to its rich history:

  • The type Siberian / Scandinavian, smaller than other representatives of the breed and particularly elegant, with spread ears and a darker color than the other blue Russians;
  • The American type, the most graceful. It is medium in size, with a rather light color and widely separated ears;
  • The English type, the most robust. Visually distinguishable from other varieties by its fine vertically placed spikes.
  • Most big cat associations only recognize the color blue, with a tip of slightly white and gray guard hair, giving the coat a shiny, silver appearance. The nose and pads are gray, charcoal or dark lilac.

    The white variety, which is only recognized by organizations in some countries, has white fur with silver highlights and pink nose and pads.

    Last, the black variety, which is in the same situation as white in terms of recognition, is characterized by shiny jet-black fur from root to tip, and a black or dark brown nose and pads.

    Character and skills

    The nature of Russian Blue Cat it is fascinating and versatile. On the one hand he is frugal and calm, but on the other hand it can also be temperamental and wild. But, in general it is a balanced cat that establishes a strong bond with humans.

    Russian blue
    Russian blue – Flickr

    The russian cats prefer to sleep near their owners or even in bed with them, but they are never intrusive. But, they are quite reserved with strangers and the breed does not tolerate noise very well. To feel comfortable, the sensitive cat prefers a regular daily routine and the company of a sitter.

    These smart cats are curious and playful, allowing them to quickly learn new skills. If they want, jumping animals can open doors and climb tall cabinets. But, Your cautious and considerate nature ensures nothing is broken in the process. In summary, The Russian Blue is an ideal cat for a calm couple or a single person.

    Care "Russian Blue Cat"

    Indoor or outdoor cat?

    The Russian Blue Cat it is a frugal cat breed, that is also satisfied with living only inside. Unexpected situations outside can even be too much for the sensitive cat and strangers can scare it.. Secure access outside in a fenced garden or on the balcony is a better alternative, depending on the possibility. The cat is also one of the breeds that can even be taken for a walk on a leash if it gets used to it.. The russian cat will also get along well with people who work and have many opportunities to scratch and climb. He is happy to have a partner to cuddle and play with. It also, the smart cat wants to be challenged and needs challenging activities without access to the outside.

    How much activity does he need? "Russian Blue Cat"?

    Although the Russian Blue it is a calm and relaxed cat breed, there is also a bit of predator in it. Don't need much, but yes a challenging activity. Most cat intelligence toys are seen more quickly than many other breeds. It is best to alternate between different games and toys so that he does not get bored. Athletic cats also want to exercise their athletic skills regularly.. So, there must be one or more scratching posts and enough room to run. You should not miss the daily pampering sessions with your favorite human. The Russian cat likes to observe the surroundings from a high vantage point and relax in peace and quiet.

    Health and nutrition

    Russian Blue
    Close up of a Russian Blue’s face – Wikipedia

    The Russian Blue Cat it is a long-lived race, with a life expectancy between 15 and 20 years. In fact, this resistant animal does not present any specific health problem, except a predisposition to kidney stones.

    On the other hand, being a big glutton, the risk of obesity in cats is real, especially if they are not active enough or are pampered by their owners. So, it is important to ensure that the cat's daily ration is adapted to its needs, asking the vet for advice if necessary.

    Last, It should be noted that litters of the English type tend to have more kittens than those of other types.

    For sale "Russian Blue Cat"

    If you want to have your own Russian Blue Cat, you will find many breeders of this breed. Unfortunately, More and more Internet scams are selling non-purebred or even sick cats at expensive prices. Thus, make sure the breeder is a member of the Breeders Association of Russian Blue. This is the only way to guarantee a purebred and healthy kitten.. Of course, you will pay much more, with prices that are around 700 EUR, but it's worth it. Most kittens are already house trained, vaccinated, desparasitados and chip. If you want to help an animal in need, you can also find what you are looking for in an animal shelter.

    Videos "Russian Blue Cat"

    Russian Blue (Russian Blue) - Cat Breed
    Russian Blue (Russian Blue) – Cat Breed
    RUSSIAN BLUE CAT 101 - Watch This Before Getting One!
    RUSSIAN BLUE CAT 101 – Watch This Before Getting One!

    Alternative names:

    Archangel Blue, Archangel Cat.

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    Chantilly-Tiffany cat
    Federations: ACFA, AFC / CCA , TICA

    The Chantilly-Tiffany Cat has only existed for a few 50 years, and has struggled to gain recognition compared to other recent cat breeds that have quickly achieved success.

    chantill/ytiffany

    Content

    History

    The Chantilly He is originally from the United States. His story began when, in 1967, a breeder from New York, Jennie Robinson, came across some pretty unusual items at a yard sale: two cats of an unknown breed whose owner had recently died. I buy them, motivated by the desire to save them from a worse fate.

    The two animals had semi-long chocolate-colored hair and golden eyes.. They were very similar, which led Mrs. Robinson to assume that they had at least one parent in common. Estimated Thomas's age, the male, in a few 18 months and that of the female, Shirley, in a few 6 months. Neither of us was neutered.

    In May of 1969, Thomas and Shirley had their first litter of 6 kittens. Like his parents, the kittens were all smooth, with a medium chocolate-colored coat and pink pads on the legs.

    Jennie Robinson realized that these cats did not belong to any recognized breed.. They seemed beautiful and decided to start a breeding program. He also promoted them, showing Thomas and some of the kittens at various cat shows in the New York area in the early years 70.

    In 1970, the American Cat Association (ACA) agreed to register Thomas, Shirley and her offspring as Sable Foreign Longhair.

    The first litter was followed by many more, so that in just 7 years the Neotype kennel (Jennie Robinson's name for her kennel) saw the birth of some 60 kittens. Other Connecticut and Long Island breeders became interested in the new breed and bought some of the kittens, which in turn were exhibited in exhibitions.

    Many professionals were convinced that the Sable Foreign Longhair He was a descendant of the Burmese cat. More concretely, they thought it was just the long-haired version. This confusion continued for many years and was later expanded.

    In fact, in the mid 70, Jennie Robinson gave up breeding him Sable Foreign Longhair. He sold the cats he still owned to a Florida breeder, Sigyn Lun, which in turn started a breeding program. This breeder basically bred burmese cats, which contributed to the belief that the Sable Foreign Longhair was a Long Haired Burmese cat.

    But, in some of the exhibitions in which these cats were shown, the judges commented that the name was too vague to designate a breed. Sigyn Lun decided to call them Tiffanie in reference to the eponymous theater in Los Angeles, a symbol of luxury and glamor for her. In fact, considered the cat to be the very embodiment of elegance and grace.

    But, how the cat had become too weird, the ACA stopped accepting your registration.

    In 1979, the International Cat Association (TICA) recognized the Burmese and formed a group with him Burmese and the Tiffanie, which was recognized at the same time. In other words, even a major international feline organization was convinced that the second was simply a long-haired equivalent of the first.

    At the beginning of the Decade of 1980, Sygin Lun decided to stop raising the cat Tiffanie, that was on the verge of extinction. But a Canadian breeder probably saved the breed…

    A salvation from Canada

    Chantilly-Tiffany cat
    Photograph of a Tiffany cat called Kumori (Cloudy). Tsukuba, Japan – Jennie Kondo (Jennie Valdivieso Kondo – Grialte), CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

    The second life of the Chantilly-Tiffany Cat started in canada, more specifically in the province of Alberta, When in 1973 a chocolate-colored cat with golden eyes came to give birth on a farm. She gave birth to a litter of kittens, all of them chocolate-colored and similar to Tiffanie. The farm was owned by a breeder, Tracy Oraas, who decided to start raising cats after falling in love with their grace and beauty.

    Before embarking on this new project, and noting the similarities with the Burmese cats, tried to establish if there was any link, and got in touch with Jennie Robinson and Sygin Lun. Based on your research and the information provided to you, concluded that Tiffanie They had no relationship with the Burmese cats.

    He teamed up with a Siamese breeder friend, Jan de Regt, to create a breeding program. They decided to cross the Tiffanie with the Angora cat, the Havana Brown cat Brown, the Somali cat and the Nebelung cat. In effect, given the small population of the breed, These marriages made it possible to expand the gene pool and, Therefore, develop it in the best conditions, reducing the risks of inbreeding. They also offered the possibility of diversifying the range of coat colors, since thanks to them the cinnamon colors were added, leonado, lilac and blue.

    Since the beginning of the years 80, other breeders joined the program. The exchanges between all these enthusiasts allowed the Chantilly progress slowly but surely in Canada.

    But, just when the information about the Chantilly it was finally clearing up, since it was no longer confused with the Burmese, in 1992 Canadian breeders were asked to choose another name. The name “Tiffany” used in Great Britain to refer to a new developing breed. Although the spelling was not exactly the same, it was confusing. Tracy Oraas decided to change the name of Tiffanie for that of Chantilly to keep the idea of ​​elegance and refinement, while remembering the idea of ​​a floaty coat.

    The cat regained importance in the United States in 2001, when an Illinois foodie, Anne Davenport-Parini, founded the Amorino kennel. Hershey Nugget, a handsome chocolate-colored male, he was the father of the first generation of kittens. Also in this case several matings with representatives of other races were necessary.. It's about him brown havana (for its beautiful chocolate color), The somali (for his thicker fur in his pants, the gola and the tail), the Abyssinian (origin of the somali) and, finally, the Nebelung (by the length and texture of its fur).

    In 2012, the hatchery was completely destroyed by a fire. One of the surviving cats, Frosty, was purchased by a Norwegian Nebelung breeder, Norma Hubenbecker. Norma Hubenbecker tried to start a breeding program for the Chantilly, but his attempt was unsuccessful. Frosty only sired a puppy, called Acey. In 2015, Frosty died of cancer and the breeder castrated Acey, ending the experiment.

    In fact, it seems that the Chantilly-Tiffany cat he wasn't exactly born under a lucky star: from its inception to today, its history has been full of pitfalls and confusion, which has inevitably greatly limited its growth.

    Today, there are less than twenty breeders (concentrated in Canada and the United States) who are dedicated to the breed and give all their energy to try to develop and perpetuate it.

    Chantilly recognition

    The Chantilly-Tiffany Cat has only existed for a few 50 years, and has struggled to gain recognition compared to other recent cat breeds that have quickly achieved success.

    Since 1967, the beginning of its history, his path has been complicated and has been strewn with pitfalls, which obviously did not facilitate its recognition by the different recalcitrant official bodies. In addition to the various twists, the latter also noted the successive name changes, which obviously didn't help things.

    However, the International Cat Association (TICA) granted recognition in 1979, at the same time as Burmese: formed a group composed of these two races, considering that one was the long-haired version of the other. But, realizing that this was not really the case and that the population of Tiffanie didn't really take off, in 1992 backtracked on acknowledging the latter.

    Two years later, in 1994, TICA accepted it again, this time as a different race and with the name of Chantilly… before changing my mind shortly after.

    In the year 2000, another change: the organization recognized him Chantilly as an experimental breed. This allowed their representatives to appear in the halls organized under the auspices of the organization., without entering competition. A few years later, the breed suffered another setback: while admission as an experimental breed is usually the prelude to full recognition, the association simply stopped recognizing the Chantilly, due to lack of enough specimens.

    The Canadian Cat Association (CCA) accepted the Chantilly as an experimental breed in 1992, and granted him full recognition in 1996. But, observing that its population did not increase -and even decreased-, downgraded her to the rank of experimental breed in 2011.

    Either internationally or nationally, other important feline organizations such as the Fédération Internationale Féline (FIFé), the American Cat Fanciers’ Association (CFA), the British Governing Council of the Cat Fancy (GCCF) or the Livre Officiel des Origines Félines (LOOF) they don't recognize the Chantilly.

    Like this, more than half a century after the creation of this breed, almost everything remains to be done in terms of recognition.

    Physical characteristics

    The Chantilly-Tiffany cat It is of medium size and semi-linear type.

    • Its body it is rectangular in shape with a flat back and a rounded rump. His moderate musculature is based on a medium bone structure.
    • The tail is proportional to the length of the body. Tapers from base to tip and has a coat of feathers.
    • The legs they are of equal length in front and behind. They end in oval feet.
    • The head it is medium in size and harmonious in outline, resting on a rather short and thick neck. The skull is rounded and the forehead a little flattened. The profile shows a slight stop just below the eyes.
    • The ears they are widely spaced and medium in size, slightly angled outwards and forwards. Wide at the base, tapers to a rounded tip. The breed standard states that it is desirable that they have hair on the inside.
    • The eyes they are also widely separated and oval in shape. Its color ranges from dark yellow, gold and amber. In any case, it is preferable that it is as intense as possible, and a green ring is accepted around the pupil. The upper lash line is straight, while the lower one is rounded.
    • The cheeks they are tall and prominent.
    • The nose it is moderately long and ends in a broad muzzle, short and square. Whisker pads are flat. The complexion is dominated by wide jaws and a slightly prominent chin..
    • This cat has no undercoat, but it is distinguished by its semi-long coat, silky, light and very soft. This is what gives this animal its elegance, since its coat is reminiscent of an airy and vaporous whipped cream.

      Should have 5 cm length, but it can be a bit longer as long as the texture remains light and silky. In any case, up to two years of age this cat does not have its final coat. The fur appears first on the tail and then on the rest of the body. The male has a fuller ruff and a heavier coat than the female.. Regardless of gender, the hair on the hind legs is similar to that of the feathers, forming a small petticoat on the legs.

    Originally, the Chantilly-Tiffany cat appeared with a chocolate brown fur, which is still the most popular today. But, crosses with the Angora Cat, the Oriental, the havana, the Nebelung and the Somali have expanded the range of colors. There's also Chantilly black, blue, cinnamon, tawny and lilac. The coat patterns are also more varied: may be agouti, stained or tabby.

    In all cases, the color should be bright and deep. But, lighter shades of brindle on throat and muzzle are acceptable.

    Last, there is true sexual dimorphism in this breed, since the male is bigger and heavier than the female.

    Size and weight

  • Male size: Of 25 to 30 cm.
  • female size: 20-25 cm.
  • Male weight: 4-5 kg
  • female weight: 3 to 4 kg

  • Varieties:

    The Canadian Cat Association (CCA) is the only official body that recognizes the Chantilly, with experimental character, by the way. Allows crosses with the following breeds:

  • Angora ;
  • Brown havana ;
  • Nebelung ;
  • Oriental Longhair cat and Oriental shorthair cat;
  • somali.
  • <a href="https://Commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:Tiffany1.jpg&quot;>Jennie Kondo (Jennie Valdivieso Kondo - Grialte)</a>, a href=&quot;httpsttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0&quot;>CC BY-SA 3.0&tot;/a>, via Wikimedia Commons
    Photograph of a Tiffany cat called Kumori (Cloudy). Tsukuba, Japan –

    Character and skills

    The Chantilly-Tiffany cat it is an ideal cat for a family, since its balanced character makes it adorable and easy to live with.

    He is especially attached to the person he considers his teacher. Devoted and faithful, follows her everywhere and scrutinizes her every move at all times. It can also be perfectly placid, for example, snuggling into or against your lap for hours, or inviting himself to her bed. He likes to be caressed and gives all the attention he receives, but it is clear that it is not for someone who does not want a partner “sticky”.

    Although they have a very strong relationship with their owner, this cat has a broader love for all humans in the home, and you need your company to be happy. This makes it an excellent companion for the whole family., since it is the type of cat that establishes a good relationship with each member of the family. He will be happy to play with them or to seek pampering.

    Playing is also a favorite activity, making it an excellent entertainment companion for children. You just have to make sure children treat you with respect, like any other cat. In any case, for the good of both parties, a young child should never be left alone with a cat without adult supervision, regardless of race.

    Very comfortable in your family environment, the Chantilly-Tiffany cat It, on the other hand, much more reserved with strangers. Without being fearful, prefers to stay away when strangers enter its domain. A tree for cats, essential for every small cat, it is an ideal place to take refuge on those occasions.

    The fact that this cat loves the company of its humans goes hand in hand with the fact that it does not like to be alone.. Obviously, not recommended for owners who are away for long periods of time. In fact, if left alone for hours, quickly becomes anxious and melancholic. Leaving him toys cannot replace the presence of the people who usually surround him and allow him to flourish..

    On the other hand, having him share his home with a small companion is an interesting option. In fact, tends to live easily with another cat, delighted as he is to share moments of play with him. Living under the same roof as a dog is usually not a problem, especially if it is a breed of dog that gets along well with cats. But, in either case, it is always preferable that the two of you join at a young age: then the other is considered a full member of the family from the beginning, and the relationship is much better for it. Otherwise, it is preferable to establish coexistence gradually, to minimize the risk of problems.

    The Chantilly-Tiffany cat it can also live in the same house as birds or small rodents. They are quiet, peaceful and not aggressive. But, some caution must be exercised when the animal is outside: should be kept in a separate room or cage.

    It also, Even if I'm not the hyperactive type, this cat is very playful and needs his little crazy moments. Providing a variety of interactive toys is a great way to satisfy their curiosity and develop their skills.. But, this does not mean that you do not have to play with your cat: he likes very much to interact with the people around him in this way.

    As long as your need for entertainment is met and you have enough space to play, the Chantilly-Tiffany cat you can live both in a flat and in a house with a garden. On this last case, It is highly recommended to install a cat flap so that you can come and go as you please.

    In any case, like any cat, must have an easily accessible scratching post. In effect, scratching is a compelling need that you cannot give up; without this accessory, would have no choice but to resort to furniture or curtains, for example.

    Last, the Chantilly is known to be a very talkative cat. As he follows his master throughout the day and shares his activities, does not hesitate to tell you his life and give his opinion on everything. His way of communicating is, However, nice, since its meow is not very loud and is comparable to a screech.

    Chantilly-Tiffany cat
    «Black smoke». Our cat «Sarah» outside our house in the suburb of Selfors, in Rana municipality, Nordland, Norway. – Magne Aga, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

    Health

    Because the breed's population has always been very small, little is known about the health of Chantilly-Tiffany cat. But, appears to be in robust health.

    It also, is able to adapt to all climates and, Therefore, to live in almost all latitudes. It is only important to ensure that you always have access to fresh water and a shady area during hot periods., and to a sheltered and warm place when the temperature is very low.

    But, it is known to have a delicate digestion and is especially sensitive to cellulose, that decomposes with difficulty during assimilation and digests poorly. So, It is important not to hesitate to consult a veterinarian or a nutritionist to identify the most suitable food and, in any case, to avoid, for example, those based on corn, containing a large amount of cellulose.

    It is also important that you always receive the same food, even if it is left in a cattery when its owners are away. In any case, even more than with other breeds, a change in the cat's diet (for example, for health reasons) requires a very gradual transition to the new food, so that the digestive system can gradually get used to the new food.

    On the other hand, the Chantilly-Tiffany cat have an unfortunate tendency to be overweight or even obese, especially if you live indoors and, Therefore, are less likely to exercise. This problem should not be taken lightly, as excess weight can both aggravate existing diseases and cause new ones.

    Ears of the Chantilly they also require special attention. In fact, the presence of hair makes it less able to clean itself in this area. Thus, wax and dirt can build up and lead to ear infections (for example, otitis).

    As in the case of any race, turning to a serious breeder is the best way to adopt a healthy and well-endowed kitten. In effect, a professional worthy of the name spares no effort to socialize the little ones from a very young age and make them grow up in an ideal environment. In any case, at the time of sale, must be able to present a certificate of good health issued by a veterinarian, as well as the list of vaccines applied to the animal, registered in the health or vaccination card of this.

    Once the adoption is done, it is the responsibility of the new owner to take care of the health of his little companion while he is alive. Taking the cat to the vet at least once a year is one of the golden rules to keep it healthy. In fact, this not only allows the administration of the necessary booster vaccines, but also a complete health check of the animal, which sometimes makes it possible to detect a possible problem and treat it in the best conditions. It also, do not hesitate to increase the frequency as the cat grows.

    Continuing with the theme of prevention, the owner must ensure that his partner's antiparasitic treatments are regularly renewed, so that you are continuously protected. This applies even to cats that do not have access to the outdoors.: even if the risk is lower, are still exposed to certain parasites.

    Life expectancy

    14 to 16 years

    Chantilly-Tiffany cat
    A black cat on a chair – Scott, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

    Grooming

    The Chantilly-Tiffany cat has no undercoat and sheds very little. On the other hand, their fluffy, silky fur tangles easily. Brushing every other day not only removes dead hair, it also avoids tangles, allowing the dog to maintain its appearance. During their shedding periods, in autumn and spring, it is even preferable to brush daily.

    It is also essential to check your ears once a week. This is because the tufts of hair at the entrance of the ears make it difficult to clean the dog and, Therefore, facilitate the accumulation of earwax and dirt. If cleaned with a damp cloth, impurities that may become infected will be removed.

    This weekly grooming session should be used to check the eyes. If they are dirty, wiping the corners of the eyes with a damp cloth is necessary to remove dirt and prevent infection.

    The maintenance of a cat's teeth is also very important, whatever the race. This is because it helps prevent plaque build-up., which can cause more or less serious diseases when it becomes tartar. So, you should brush your pet's teeth at least once a week, but the ideal is to do it daily. In any case, it is essential to use a toothpaste specially designed for felines

    Whether your cat lives exclusively indoors or has access to the outdoors, it is also essential to inspect your nails once a month. If the natural wear and tear is not enough and they become too long, must be trimmed manually. This will prevent them from getting in the way or even breaking and / or injuring the dog. But, It should be noted that caring for your cat's nails does not mean you don't have to provide a scratching post. If you don't, You shouldn't be surprised if your cat falls on furniture or curtains..

    coat care, the ears, the eyes, the teeth and claws of his Chantilly-Tiffany cat does not require any special skills. But, it is a good idea to learn from a cat groomer or vet the first time, so you can learn the right techniques and then do it yourself. In this way, better results are achieved and the risk of injuring or even traumatizing the animal is reduced..

    As long as the owner does it correctly and does not hesitate to add caresses, the grooming sessions of the Chantilly-Tiffany cat will become privileged moments between the two protagonists. In fact, by liking the proximity of its owner, delighted that they pay attention to him and even more that they caress him, you probably appreciate it. It is common for him to let you know with sweet little meows.

    Chantilly-Tiffany cat
    «Black smoke». Our cat «Sarah» outside our house in the suburb of Selfors, in Rana municipality, Nordland, Norway. – Magne Aga, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

    Food

    Like any cat, the Chantilly-Tiffany cat you need a diet that matches your nutritional needs, both qualitatively and quantitatively. As such, must suit your age, your level of physical activity and your health status.

    In any case, the tendency to be overweight - and even obese- forces you to carefully define your daily food intake. It also, unlike most of his peers, has difficulty regulating himself, so it is better to avoid giving free access to food, since it is likely that he will binge and eat the entire ration for the day in a few minutes. Fixed meal times are a much better solution.

    Industrial cat foods are suitable, as long as they are of good quality. But, the choice should not be made at random, since your cat has a delicate digestion. In particular, avoid corn-based products, since they contain a lot of cellulose, which is difficult for the cat's body to digest. Ideally, seek the help of a veterinarian or feline nutrition specialist to identify the most appropriate.

    In any case, once you have found a suitable product, it is best to avoid changing it, unless, Of course, that your health justifies it. This is true of any cat, but even more so for cats whose digestive system has a harder time adjusting to a change in diet.

    Unless carefully selected, human food is not made for cats: is unlikely to meet your nutritional needs and, on the other hand, it can be a source of deficiencies or excesses. It also, in the case of Chantilly-Tiffany cat, there is also the problem of its digestion capacity. Like this, give small pieces during the meal, table scraps at the end of the table or letting him rummage through the trash is not a gift to keep him healthy. Some foods that are popular with humans are even toxic to cats.

    Your propensity for obesity also means you have to control your weight by weighing it every month. If successive weighings indicate that your cat is getting fat, it is important to take him to the vet. Only a healthcare professional can reliably diagnose the cause of the problem, which may be a feeding problem, but also a disease or a reaction to medication.

    Last, like any cat, the Chantilly-Tiffany cat you must have fresh water at all times.

    Chantilly-Tiffany cat
    Photograph of a Tiffany cat called Kumori (Cloudy). Tsukuba, Japan – Jennie Kondo (Jennie Valdivieso Kondo – Grialte), CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

    For sale “Chantilly-Tiffany cat”

    The Chantilly-Tiffany cat it is one of the rarest cat breeds in the world, and it is almost impossible to find one outside the United States or Canada. Even in these countries, you have to be prepared to sometimes wait for many months and / or travel long distances to be able to adopt a cat of this breed.

    in Canada, there are very few breeders and they usually sell their kittens between 500 and 800 canadian dollars.

    One solution is to look at the United States, where there are just under a dozen breeders. The price of a Chantilly-Tiffany cat usually oscillates between 300 and 600 USD.

    In the case of an adoption abroad, must take into account, However, that transport costs and administrative costs are added to the purchase price. It is also necessary to know and comply with the legislation regarding the importation of animals.

    whatever the country, the asking price depends on the reputation of the breeding, from the line from which the animal descends and, above all, its intrinsic characteristics, especially the physical ones. For this reason, quantity can vary within a litter.

    Characteristics "Chantilly-Tiffany cat"

    Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a cat of the breed "Chantilly-Tiffany cat" you know certain factors. You must take into account their character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

    Joy

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    Activity level

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    Friendliness to other pets

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    Hardiness

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    Videos "Chantilly-Tiffany cat"

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    ▷ The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

    Domestic cat
    Felis silvestris catus

    Domestic cat
    Nina, domestic cat female 18 months

    Content

    The “Domestic cat”

    The domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus) It is a carnivorous mammal belonging to the feline family.. It is a domestic animal kept by man for at least a few 9500 years.

    It is one of the most popular pets. By breeders and also colloquially, the term “domestic cat” used restrictively for cats with a wide variety of growth types and coat colors, who live in more or less direct contact with humans and, Therefore, are considered domesticated, but they do not belong to a specific feline breed. Next, are contrasted with purebred cats, that have been produced by several years of intentional and documented breeding. But, in the biological sense, both groups are domestic cats and belong to the species Felis silvestris within the genus of cats (Felis).

    Distribution

    As a companion or domestic animal, the domestic cat found throughout the world in almost all human-populated areas, but as a wild or feral animal it can only live in warm or temperate climates, regardless of subsidiary human influences. It is considered a cultural successor.

    Even in the geographically isolated habitats of Australia and New Zealand, in which it was introduced by humans, was able to adapt relatively quickly, but it influences the unique ecosystems there along with a variety of other neozoic animals. Although science does not yet have usable data on the causalities or the quantitative or qualitative scope of the alleged damages, it must be assumed that the spread of domestic cats feral has caused displacement, threats to the population and probably also the extinction of some of the endemic species.

    Physical characteristics

    external features

    The characteristics of domestic cat vary according to distribution area. In the ways raised, depend on breed standards; in the domestic cats who follow the culture, are subject to the respective selection pressure, which depends on natural environmental conditions.

    The domestic cats they have an average of about fifty centimeters in length and four kilos of weight, with a wide range of variation that goes from about 2,5 kg up to about 8 kg. In range areas with cooler climates, cats are usually heavier and larger, in warmer areas they are lighter.

    The length of the tail is about 25 to 30 centimeters. An exception is the Manx cat of the Isle of Man and the Cymric cat, who are born without a tail.

    The height of the shoulders is 30 to 35 centimeters. Males are slightly larger than females. These may include, the average head-torso length of male house cats found feral in the Macquarie Island is of 52,2 centimeters, the length of the tail 26,9 centimeters and the weight of 4,5 kg. Females measure an average of 47,8 centimeters in length, they have a tail of 25,2 centimeters and weigh 3,3 kg. The National Geographic Society (1981) indicates that the average head and torso length of several popular cat breeds is 46 centimeters and that of the tail of 30 centimeters.

    coat colors “Domestic cat”

    The domestic cat wild-type has M-shaped markings on forehead, Dominant dark color markings and dark horizontal stripes on the sides of the body. The legs and tail also have dark bands. Its color varies between grayish black and warm brown tones.. The typical fur markings of the domestic cat are called tabby. In addition to the wild type described above, call “mackerel”, other brands and a variety of coat colors have been developed. In Europe, North America and Australia, predominates tabby pattern, often combined with a partial white coloration. In the Macquarie Island, ninety percent of feral cats are red or spotted, the remaining ten percent are black or tortoiseshell.

    The ears of the domestic cat they are erect, broad at the base, triangular in shape and slightly rounded at the tips. Can be rotated in different directions. The eyes are directed forward and thus allow spatial vision.

    Support and musculoskeletal system

    The skeleton of the domestic cat consists of more than 230 bones. The skull of the cat is short and of robust construction. The eye socket is not completely closed in the bones, the back is closed by a connective tissue ligament. The spine consists of seven cervical vertebrae, 13 thoracic, seven lumbar, three sacras and 20 to 23 flow rates. The clavicle it is simply a bone embedded in the brachiocephalic muscle and is not connected to the rest of the skeleton. At the lower end of the bone of the scapula (spina scapulae), the call “acromion”, cats have a processus hamatus pointing down and a processus suprahamatus pointing back, typical of cats. The humerus has a hole at its lower end (foramen supracondíleo) for the passage of the brachial artery and the median nerve. The strong hind legs they specialize in jumping rather than sprinting. The cat can jump and sprint very well thanks to its strong muscles. But, as a typical hunter, not a durable runner.

    Like all little cats, the domestic cat walk on tiptoe. It has five fingers on the Paws, one of which is not in contact with the ground, and four in the rear. The sharp ones claws curved are used, among other things, to catch and hold prey. When they are at rest, are retracted by elastic bands into a leather pouch. May “extend” to catch prey, to fuck, to mark territory with scratch marks or to defend yourself.

    Digestive system

    The permanent dentition of cats has 30 teeth. It has three incisors and one canine or hooked tooth on each half of the jaw.. Three anterior molars are formed in the upper jaw and only two in the lower one. In each half of the jaw there is a single posterior molar..

    Schematic anatomy of the domestic cat (male)


    Anatomia-gatos

    The milk teeth of cats has 26 teeth. Around six months, tooth change occurs. During this time they may appear “double teeth” if baby teeth don't fall out. Posterior molars have no predecessors to baby teeth.

    Typical of carnivorous predators are their powerful jaw muscles and its sharp teeth. The strongly developed fangs (and its pressure sensors located in the base) can crush meat and small bones. Canines are used primarily to catch prey and to hold and transport it. They are also used in territorial fights and for grooming.. The strongly horny mechanical papillae on the tongue point backwards and are used for both drinking and grooming, as liquids and loose hairs get caught in the bristles.

    The gastrointestinal tract is typical of mammals. The stomach it's unicorn. The appendix has a length of 2 to 4 cm.. But, the vermiform appendix is ​​undeveloped. As in humans, the colon has a simple U shape, open from behind, but it does not have ligamentous strips. all the digestive tract is short, what is typical of carnivores.

    Metabolism

    The domestic cat, like most mammals (including humans), need retinol (or vitamin A1), but it occupies a special position because, unlike almost all other animals, cannot convert β-carotene to retinol. So, naturally dependent on adequate liver intake to provide vitamin A[2].

    Life expectancy

    Domestic cats that live indoors typically reach an age between 12 and 15 years when cared for by humans. But, according to Desmond Morris, a life expectancy of more than 20 years. As an exception, cites the case of a tabby cat named “Puss” who lived since 1903 until 1939, a period of 36 years.

    In the populations of cats in the wild without human or medical attention, the life expectancy of a cat ranges from 1,4 and 3,2 years (males) and between 3,3 and 4,2 years (females). These figures come from studies conducted by Liberg (1980) in a rural area of ​​Sweden and Legay / Pontier (1983) in the French city of Lyon.

    Sensory performance

    It is assumed that the visual sense of cats is specialized mainly in the perception of movements and performance in the perception of sharpness and details is rather medium. On the effective hunt, the fine sense of ear with directional hearing function helps to locate prey. The sense of smell, on the other hand, is comparatively less developed, but still significantly better than humans.

    Eyesight

    The big eyes of the domestic cat are frontally aligned, allowing spatial vision and accurate distance estimation. The cat is especially good at perceiving rapid movements and, in the dark, it only takes one sixth the amount of light to receive an image compared to humans. This is made possible by the high density of rods in the retina and a reflective layer at the back of the eye.. The rod / cone ratio of the receptors in the retina is approximately 63:1 (20:1 in humans), but it varies a lot between the center of the retina (10:1) and the periphery (200:1).

    Another reason is the tapetum lucidum, a layer of cells located directly behind the retina, reflecting light not absorbed by photopigment molecules in rods and cones and radiating it back to sensory cells. This layer is also the reason why cats' eyes seem to glow in the dark when illuminated.. So, cats still see very well at dusk and at night as long as there is residual light.

    But, in a completely dark room, cats are blind too. As the cat can only move its eyes a little to the left or right, you have to move your head to look in another direction. Forward-facing eyes result in strong overlap of visual axes, what a good space vision. The vision angle of the jack is 200° to 220°. To better capture residual light, vertical slit pupils open circularly as brightness decreases, which simultaneously decreases visual acuity.

    Due to the constriction of the slit-shaped pupils, visual acuity of domestic cats in terms of brightness it is different for structures and horizontal and vertical movements. They see vertical lines more clearly than horizontal lines and, Therefore, can perceive horizontal movements better than vertical ones, which is one of the reasons for the typical tilted position of the head of cats as soon as they notice certain things.

    In addition to the domestic cats see horizontal lines blurrier than humans under the same conditions, their ability to perceive differences in color is also less developed. The reason is that the proportion of color-sensitive cones in the cat's retina is much lower than in humans and the cat's eye., like the dog, it only has two different types of cones (dichromatic), that are sensitive to green and blue, but not red. So, red is a color that neither cats nor dogs can see, and is presumably perceived as a shade of yellow.

    In return, cats can perceive their surroundings in shades of blue and green of various intensities and combinations, being the favorite color of cats, to which your eyes are also more sensitive, the blue. This was proven in more than 2000 experiments carried out by the Institute of Zoology of the University of Mainz. In different lighting conditions, cats could choose between yellow and blue to reach their food. The 95% chose the blue color.

    At birth, all cats have a light blue iris, whereas adult eye color only develops over the next three months.

    Hearing

    The ear of the domestic cat it is especially well developed and is one of the best among mammals. It is more sensitive than that of dogs and more powerful than that of humans. The frequency range of the cat's ear is 10,5 octaves. In the lower frequency ranges it is comparable to that of humans, but in the middle frequencies it is much higher.

    The upper limit of the frequency (100 kHz) is in the range of the sounds emitted by mice as the most important prey. It is also a range of frequencies in which sound sources can be much better located.. The cat remains motionless and points with its ears, normally large, upright and mobile, in the direction the sound is coming from. When eating from ground level, the cat automatically throws its ears back, so that the inherent noise is not noticeable.

    Sense of balance

    The domestic cat has a very good sense of balance. Cats do not have vertigo even at great heights.

    When falling from a height of two to three meters, can reflexively rotate in the prone position from almost any position and land on the ground with their legs extended downward. As such, the cat angles its entire body in the center and then rotates the front and rear around the two now independent longitudinal axes.

    Contrary to what was supposed, tail rotation only plays a minor role, since its mass is too small to provide sufficient angular momentum to the rest of the body. When falling from very great heights (but not medium), this position, legs extremely extended, as well as the loose fur that inflates at the transition from the legs to the belly, They act like a parachute and can greatly reduce the speed of impact and, Therefore, the risk of injury.

    Sense of smell and taste

    The sense of smell of domestic cat is less developed than hearing or sight. It is weaker than that of the dog, but clearly better than humans. As in all mammals, serves for sensory checking of food and the perception and recognition of congeners and other living beings.

    Cats can distinguish between flavors salty, agrios, bitter and umami, but they can't perceive the sweets

    Cats recognize each other by body odor, what says something about sex, the genes, hormonal status and territorial claims. Both males and females always mark their territories in the same places, regularly inspected, by scent marks formed by secretions from sweat and sebaceous glands and set by rubbing or clawing or urine spray, distinguished from real urine by a stronger smell. Various causes of odor are possible, for example, the amino acids feline and isovalthene are found in the fluid during urine labeling, in a much higher proportion in male cats than in females. Urine is produced by sweat glands.

    The sweat glands are mostly found on the pads of the feet, around the mouth, in Chin, around the nipples and around the anus. The sebaceous glands are concentrated in the upper jaw, tail root and, in men, under the foreskin. Male cats have an additional group of scent glands in a kind of canalized bag next to the anus. All sweat and sebaceous glands serve primarily to communicate through smell through rubbing against objects., congeners and people. When it comes to capturing smells, cats are helped by a special organ located between the pharyngeal and nasal cavities called Jacobson's organ.

    In moments of strong emotional excitement, the cat's anal glandular sac may empty and release a strong-smelling brown fluid. Cats can get excited by some smells and then “they will beg” with a half-open mouth with a raised upper lip and a wrinkled nose. These odors include those of plants, particularly catnip Nepeta cataria (nepetalactona, actinidina), valerian (valepotriato, ácido isovalérico, actinidina), la Actinidia polygama (matatabilactona, actinidina) and the cat's chamomile Teucrium marum (teucrium lactona C), but also the smells of the human being. It also, new odors are often absorbed and stored through the “flehmen“.

    Sense of touch

    The domestic cats have a highly developed sense of touch. They have touch receptors distributed throughout the body. The long ones tactile whiskers (vibrisas), located mainly on the upper and lower lips and above the eyes, and whose roots are connected to the widely branched network of nerve endings, signal when an opening is too narrow or there is an obstacle in the way. Whiskers can reach considerable length, are mobile and grow back after falling. With your help, recognize objects and animals that cannot see in the dark. The receptors on the front legs are also especially sensitive and detect ground vibrations caused by prey animals..

    The presence of the vibrisas already in newborn cats underlines the importance of the sense of touch for the cat.

    Behavior

    In the countryside, when cats belong to a home but live in it outside of direct human control, usually meet in small groups of related females, her young and adolescent kittens and one or two males. The numerous cats of different colors are usually all descended from a single cat, who was the founder of this community.

    While males tend to disperse and seek new territories when they reach sexual maturity, the females stay in the territory of the mother and thus expand the group. They raise the young and chase away foreign intruders, but they are more tolerant of adult males, since these are bigger and more aggressive. Although they share the food that humans provide, they remain lonely when they hunt. Unlike lions, the domestic cats they do not hunt in community. At dusk, they roam the grasslands and forests alone in search of prey. His hunting method, characterizing them as poachers or on the prowl, it is similar to that of its wild relatives: Sneak up on prey and pounce point-blank. The youngest cats, in particular, react to moving objects almost as if they were live prey, which helps them train their hunting skills (“play instinct”).

    In big cities, where authorities no longer care about placing stray animals in animal shelters and a correspondingly abundant food supply is available, many cats often stay in certain areas. Large colonies can form in urban gardens, cemeteries, excavation sites and also in industrial areas. Within the colonies there is a hierarchy of smaller matriarchal groups.

    Communication

    The domestic cats communicate through body language, the sounds and smells. Smell signals are used for both direct and long-distance communication.. The sebaceous and sweat glands produce the necessary odors for this, that spread by rubbing, scratching and urinating on objects, plants and people.

    Body language

    When cats come into closer contact, signal their emotional state through posture and movements of the whole body and tail. The position of the ears and the widening or narrowing of the pupils also influence.

    Conchi's cat

    If there tail tip erect is strongly deviated, It can mean a friendly greeting or also the anticipation of what they expect from humans, especially if the tip of the tail trembles slightly. A raised tail with a slightly curved tip can mean joy., placer, anticipation or excitement. If the cat has the raised tail, usually feel comfortable and safe. In a relaxed posture, the tail is usually carried horizontally with a slight downward slant. If there tail is strongly bent down and fluffy, it is usually a sign of threat and aggression. The tail shaking or rapid back and forth movements of the tail mean the cat is probably aggressive or irritated.

    Important signals also come from facial muscles. If the cat fixes its opposite with its eyes, it is often a threat, which is made clear by the narrowing of the pupils until they become slits. At the same time, whiskers point clearly forward, the neck is tucked up and the ears are bent sideways. Yes the pupils are dilated, fear and submission are usually indicated. If the cat is comfortable and relaxed, the eyes are usually kept half closed so that the nictitating membrane is visible. Yes the ears are folded to one side, the cat can be aggressive. If they lie back close to the head, they are usually a sign of fear. Forward-pointing ears can signify curiosity and attention.

    Looking at the cat with half-closed eyes is a sign of kindness or affection and can be compared to the human smile. Blink with one eye can also be interpreted similarly. Both are easy for humans to imitate and are often reciprocated by the cat. in addition, a cat may react to a prolonged gaze by yawning and turning its head. This is not a sign of tiredness., but an anti-aggressive gesture.

    Before an attack, tends to become larger and more threatening by stooping and positioning itself transversely. Stretch your legs to the end, he lifts his coat and walks slowly towards the adversary. If you discover the teeth, it can be a threatening gesture. But, an insecure cat tends to shrink, bring the legs together under the body and collect the tail. In doing so, often crouches on the ground to immediately drop onto his back if necessary and be able to push back the opponent with his claws and teeth.

    Conchi's cat

    The generalized dislike of the cat towards the dog and vice versa is also based on body language. That this is based on hereditary enmity is a mistake. Communication difficulties are the reason. These may include, if the dog barks and runs towards the cat, he may just want to play, but the cat interprets it as an attack. The subsequent flight of the cat in turn awakens the dog's hunting instinct.

    Wagging the tail and giving the paw means a happy expectation or a friendly greeting. On the other hand, wagging and whipping of the cat's tail signal latent disgust or aggressiveness, the paw lift says: Until here and no more! Often, the cat lies on its side to defend itself with its claws, what is understood by the dog as a submission or a play request. If, on the other hand, the cat (exceptionally) approaches a dog with its tail raised in a friendly way, the dog interprets it - as he is used to doing when he meets other dogs- as “don't get too close to me!” and reacts quite aggressively and with barking.

    If he dog and cat are ideally used to each other from a young age, difficulties do not usually arise.

    Oral language

    If the cats have already approached, the acoustic signals are used to reinforce body language affirmations. Grunts are signs of aggression or fear. With a coo similar to that of pigeons, a mother cat calls her young. The whining cries of cats at night serve to prevail over rivals and to woo a female.

    The meow It is the most characteristic sound that the cat produces. It can have different meanings and is used in different situations. Domestication has increased the tendency to meow for attention and treats like kittens. Some cats meow when they are afraid. Undomesticated cats largely avoid meowing so as not to attract the attention of other predators (like birds of prey) needlessly.

    Another typical sound of cats is the purr, a sound whose origin is still unclear. Already a few days after birth, kittens express their well-being through a constant purr. This sound transmits vibrations during physical contact between the mother or human and the cat.. Timid and insecure animals try to gain or maintain their mate's favor by purring audibly without interruption and at a distance.. It also, cats also purr when they are in pain or sick to show their inferiority and protect themselves from worsening their situation. It also serves to calm down. The purr, the rubbing of the body and the high tail of the cat usually send peaceful and calming signals to reduce aggression. As recent research in the United States has shown, cats produce vibrations in a range of frequencies between 27 and 44 Hz when they purr.

    Unlike big cats, the hyoid bone of all other cat species is completely ossified. Due to the special shape of your glottis, only big cats are able to roar.

    Surprisingly, domestic cats use differentiated vocalizations to communicate with humans, that adult cats do not use each other.

    Sleep behavior

    Conchi's cat

    Cats usually sleep several times during the day. Sleep develops into the phases of shallow sleep and deep sleep. It also, the cat also rests lying with its eyes closed without sleeping.

    Since 1955, numerous experiments have been carried out to study this behavior. In the shallow sleep phase, the cat wakes up at the slightest noise. Next, deep sleep occurs with a phase called paradoxical dream, which corresponds to the sleep phase. The muscles are more relaxed and the wake-up threshold is significantly higher. According to EEG measurements, in this phase there is a brain activity comparable to that of the waking phases. Another sign of the sleep phase is rapid eye movements. (REM) under the closed eyelid. Sometimes, the legs, the tail, skin and whiskers twitch. After six or seven minutes of deep sleep, follows a superficial sleep phase for about 20 or 30 minutes. Rest phases follow sleep phases. Then the cat yawns, rises, changes position and falls asleep again.

    If the cat perceives an unfamiliar sound during sleep, open one eye. If you still cannot identify the sound, wakes up quickly and is alert. But when he wakes up on his own, first yawns widely and then begins to stretch. In the process, each muscle is stretched through precise and careful movement.

    A free cat integrated into the human family does not usually have problems spending the night in the house predominantly asleep. But, you can also spend the night outside and sleep most of the day inside. Here, individual behavior patterns are widely dispersed and also change according to weather and season.

    Reproduction

    Conchi's cats

    The cats reach the sexual maturity between the fourth and twelfth month of life and, Therefore, they go into heat for the first time. The onset of sexual maturity is influenced by several factors, like the station, the hours of light, body condition and race. The longhair cats usually do not reach sexual maturity until they are between 11 and 21 months of age. During heat, the cat is receptive for about five or six days, follicle jumping usually occurs only when the cat is mated, but sometimes visual or olfactory stimuli (pheromones) are enough to trigger it. A Cat in zeal constantly rubs against objects, often rolls on the ground and holds its rear end in the air temptingly. If she is not mated by a male, will normally come back into heat after nine days, but there can also be a permanent zeal. If the follicle ruptures, but pregnancy does not occur, the new heat occurs after five to six weeks. The female is not in heat again.

    Through the urine odors, that signal the willingness to mate, and the insistent calls, free-living cats often attract multiple suitors. When the males get closer, the cat keeps them at a distance in the first phase by hissing and clawing (experienced males know how to avoid it). The cat retreats to a safe distance while the males exchange blows with warning growls., menacing looks and loud screams. They scrutinize each other and slowly crawl around. If neither of the suitors withdraws during this phase, These encounters can turn into a fierce fight from which the males emerge with scratch and bite wounds.. The uncastrated males have a higher mortality rate than castrates. They travel great distances (often several kilometers) in search of a female in heat or unoccupied territory and are often injured due to the described fights with rivals, are more frequently victims of trafficking or contract viral diseases transmitted by bites.

    But, as a last resort, it is the female who decides who will be her mating partner. Only when the female indicates that she is ready and adopts a crouched posture on the ground with her rump stretched out and her tail bent to one side., mating can take place. The act lasts only a few seconds and is accompanied by a characteristic mating cry from the female.. It ends abruptly with the female violently shaking the male and, usually, hitting him. In the male penis there are spikes (penis spines), so the sexual act is painful for the cat. After a successful mating, the female rolls on the ground several times in a stretched position. This characteristic coiling is the origin of the term “curl” for the zeal of the cat. A female cat in heat can mate with several males. Consequently, siblings in a litter may have different fathers.

    The pregnancy

    After mating (intercourse), the ovulation occurs after a few 24 hours. Unlike dogs, the ovum is already capable of being fertilized at that time. The fertilization by sperm takes place in the fallopian tube. After nearly two weeks of migration and repeated cell divisions in the fallopian tube and uterus, a blastocyst develops, a multicellular phase of the fertilized egg, that is implanted in the uterine wall. A belt-shaped placenta quickly forms around the fetus that secures the “substance exchange” with Mother.

    Heat does not end immediately after mating, but it starts again after a few hours and sometimes lasts for several days, although the zeal weakens.

    If the cat meets a male again during the first three weeks of pregnancy (pregnancy, gestation period), a new fertilization is possible through a new mating. Kittens born in these cases tend to have uneven development. Unequal offspring within a litter can also be expected if cohabitation with a male continued for more than a week or continued after a break of several days..

    Once the zeal has subsided, the cat becomes visibly lethargic and not infrequently tends to vomit during the second and third weeks. In this first phase, hardly noticeable external changes. But after about three weeks, the bottom (rear) of her four pairs of tits starts to turn pink, and there are already centimeter-long embryos in the amniotic chambers of the uterus, that can be felt by the vet.

    As they grow, the initial constrictions between the amniotic sacs, transparent and filled with liquid, that are the size of a chicken egg, they flatten. They can be touched gradually towards the end of gestation.

    From the sixth week, approximately, fetus movements can be clearly perceived through the cat's abdominal wall and, sometimes, can also be seen with the naked eye.

    It is not until the last three weeks of gestation when the kittens are large enough to make the change in the cat's perimeter visible.. During this time, the mammary glands they also swell and the cat leans to one side when sleeping. On average, the gestation period is 63 to 65 days. In the last days the cat is nervous and constantly looks for a safe place like “nest” for delivery. Now he also licks his nipples and anal region more often. The domestic cats they prefer the room of the person in the house with whom they have the most relationship. The nest it can be a half open closet, a box or even the bed. Breeders provide their cats with specially constructed litter boxes for their nest, but these are not always accepted by the cat. The part can last up to a few hours, and the intervals at which kittens are born can vary greatly.

    A cat giving birth for the first time usually gives birth to two to three kittens.. With subsequent births, the number of kittens usually increases to seven. But, on rare occasions there may be ten or even more, but in this case often not all kittens survive without human help. Some cats do not want to be disturbed even a few days after birth, others seek the company of humans and feel more comfortable with them. If the litter's camp is not scrupulously cleaned by humans, the mother cat will move with her litter to another camp, because the smell could attract predators. It also, if the cat thinks her kittens are in danger for any reason, lifts each kitten by the crease of the neck and carries it to another location. With this bite, the mother triggers the so-called stiffness in the kitten, which is supposed to keep you from moving too much.

    Increase

    Immediately after birth, kittens' eyes and ears are still closed. They weigh about 100 g., although the weight can vary between 60 and 140 g.. During the lactation phase, kittens earn a few 100 grams of body weight each week. They use their sense of touch and smell to find their mother's nipples. It gives them immunity through colostrum, the first very fine milk, through the antibodies you have formed due to previous vaccinations and infections. After some days, colostrum production stops and real milk is produced. Massaging the nipples and purring, kittens stimulate milk production. This call “milk kick” continues to occur later in life in cats and is an expression of well-being. at two months, cats hardly drink from their mother's teats, but they already eat solid food. Cats that are very familiar with humans show up when they think their children need food.

    Each kitten develops a preference for a particular nipple. Kittens suckle several times a day.. during the first days, the cat rarely leaves her litter. The kittens are mainly busy sleeping and drinking during this time.. But before long they hiss shyly when touched or detect a certain scent., and purr when snuggled against their mother's body. Kittens develop their senses by being stimulated and excited from the first day of life. So they get used to people, you have to take them and caress them. In the first weeks, the mother licks the anal-genital region of the kittens to stimulate the excretion of urine and feces. At the same time, keeps the litter clean this way.

    after ten days, kittens open their eyes, straighten their ears and experience new sensory perceptions. Now they weigh a few good ones 200 g.. From the second week, the kittens are dedicated to discovering their own body, that of his siblings and the immediate environment of the nest. They learn to move faster and faster and to handle their siblings, their paws and their mouths in playful fights. They also learn what their peers react to by biting, maullando, running away and whistling.

    From the third week, they are already quite good on their feet and also try to sit and climb. But, up to the age of three weeks, the kittens pass the 90% of his time sleeping. Then, the rhythm of the adult animal becomes more and more evident, sleeping some 16 hours a day. With the time, kittens become more active, curious and playful. Their motor skills develop and they become more independent. The mother supports them by moving them to another nest after three or four weeks, where they have more freedom of movement, but they can't stray too far out of the mother's zone of control. This place is usually near the human house or even in the living room.

    With a month old, the kittens already weigh about 500 grams and begin to groom and play with objects. Now they learn to eat solid foods. If you have the chance, the mother cat brings her children live prey, then let it run. In this way, gives their children their first instructions for catching prey. With the start of solid food intake, the mother no longer collects feces. Next, kittens leave immediate nest area to relieve themselves. This is the time to accustom the kittens in captivity to the use of the sandbox. At this age the first character traits begin to emerge, as the value, the shyness, containment or adventurism. During this time, the kitten learns to clean itself, following his mother's example.

    The most important part of the socialization phase is completed at 7 weeks. Kittens that up to this age have not had any contact with humans, or they have had too little or unpleasant contact, they are usually shy and distrustful.

    at two months adulthood begins; in the case of cats that live in the wild, it is usually not until four months. The young follow their mother, who watches them closely and prevents them from straying too far, on all roads. If you have a garden, they are also taught the art of hunting. Now the game becomes the main activity of the kittens.

    After two or three months, the kittens climb the curtains and the trees, claws sharpen on objects and jump eagerly. In this way, nerve connections are strengthened, the muscles develop and the movements are more and more precise. Play also encourages and shapes social behavior.

    After ten weeks, all kittens become more cautious and prejudiced towards new things.

    After three months, the mother cat usually stops nursing the kittens. But, free-living cats continue to bring prey to their kittens at this age. Kittens now feed largely on their own.

    In the fifth month lose their baby teeth and begin to mark their territory.

    At six months are completely independent of the mother, What, However, tends to continue attacking the bullies of their puppies afterwards.

    Puberty

    Conchi's cat

    Males and females reach the sexual maturity on average between the sixth and eighth month of life, but physical development is not complete until several months later. In many purebred cats, this stage of life lasts a few more months. With sexual maturity, physical differences between females and males become apparent. Secondary sexual characteristics develop. In males, this maturation period lasts until 3 years. Males are larger and stronger than female cats and have a stronger neck.. Their head appears larger and rounder due to the so-called cheeks of tomcats., fat pads distributed there. Females tend to be thinner and have a narrow, triangular head..

    The behavioral differences between males and females are even more pronounced. The males they are more territorial and mark their territory by spraying urine and rubbing in frequented areas. React to intruders with threatening gestures. Unlike females, they tend to roam more and sometimes stay away from home for several days while hunting or searching for a female ready to mate. When they come back from time to time, they seek consolation, food or a quiet place to sleep.

    after a few months, fighting games turn into real fights, as males demonstrate that they are capable of competing with other males. Between the 10th and 14th month of life, young males leave the group. Only castrated males they stay with their sisters and join the group.

    The territory of an adult male is approximately three times that of a female cat. For them, the size of the territory depends on the food available to them and their young, but for him it is crucial that there are enough females available for mating. As the cat matures, its territory increases. So, the female is, by its nature, more suitable as a pet than the male, as she does not leave her mother's territory even when she is sexually mature and needs less space. But, the cat tends to tolerate changes of location worse than the male and often does not like to travel. On the other hand, not usually as aggressive as the male when playing.

    At one and a half years old, most cats are less playful and less active, although there are considerable individual and racial differences. Indoor adult males tend to be more cuddly and calm than more independent and reserved cats with strangers.. The more balanced disposition of male cats has given rise to the term “cute cat”. Hormonal fluctuations due to oestrus in unneutered females are believed to be responsible for this gender-specific difference., while in male cats the hormonal state is constant. This difference evens out in the castrated females, which makes living together much more enjoyable for humans and animals.

    Intelligence

    Cats have a great capacity for learning and memory. Among them, your favorite food, the location of the drinking fountain and litter tray, opening doors with handles, the most comfortable place to sleep and the location of your favorite toy. They also remember what sounds they can use so that their owner responds to their different needs.. They hear his name especially at lunchtime. The animals in freedom remember the journey of their territory, known cats in the territory and dangerous dogs. The associative memory allows cats to compare a problem with what they have already experienced. In this way, can effortlessly establish relationships between various elements and make them work for them.

    Although cats have certain abilities at birth, they have to acquire some behaviors with patience. Between them, for example, hunting or litter box use. To accustom their young to hunting, mother cats with access to the outdoors provide them with prey from the third week. At first eat dead animals in front of them, later bring live prey, that kills and feeds them. Finally, leaves live prey to their young. Since cats have hunting instinct, but first they must learn to hunt successfully, kittens without a mother or with a non-hunting mother often fail to hunt prey. To practice, need stuffed mice, spools of thread or crumpled paper, those who stalk, they stalk and finally kill. Bury excrement (urine, feces) also common in free herds, only the highest ranking animal does not and “Mark” the terrain with it, so to speak. Given the in domestic cats the owner is generally considered the leader, cats are relatively willing to bury (and, Therefore, to use) a litter tray.

    The cats, like all animals, are conditioned by behaviors. They can also be trained to respond to certain signals that disrupt behaviors. In this way, can be deprived of certain activities that humans perceive as naughty. Cats are also capable of hear your name, as long as it's short and concise. To familiarize a cat with its name, it is advantageous to use it as soon as possible and call before each meal; cats respond much better to name calls when hungry.

    History of domestication

    Ancestry

    The first ancestors of the cat, among which is the European wildcat (Felis silvestris), they appeared about nine million years ago.. The European wildcat is of Asian origin and first appeared in the Lower Pleistocene with the species Felis lunensis. Later, various subspecies spread through the Old World.

    Due to morphological similarity and close genetic kinship, the origin of domestic cat (Felis catus) it wasn't entirely clear until recently. Science has denied the descent of the manul (Otocolobus manul) or jungle cat (Felis chaus). The view that the domestic cat is a cross between the jungle cat (Felis chaus) and the European wildcat (Felis silvestris) also obsolete today, although there may have been occasional matings of the two species Domestication research was based on the fact that the domestic cat descended from a single wild species, the European wildcat (Felis silvestris), whose habitat stretched from Scotland to Asia, going through africa.

    It was considered likely that representatives of the three main groups of the species were involved in the domestication process (european wildcat, African wildcat and the Asiatic wildcat). In this context, the european wildcat (Felis silvestris silvestris) has its natural habitat in Europe, Asia Minor and Iran. It is relatively strong, has short ears and a thick, bushy tail. The African wildcat (Felis silvestris libyca) lives in the bushes and steppes of Africa and Arabia. Has big ears, he is slim and long-legged. The Asiatic wildcat (Felis silvestris ornata) found in the Middle East and Central Asia. He has a more powerful build and is larger than the African wildcat. The genetic characteristics of European wildcat are dominant over those of the domestic cat. The main ancestral form was considered to be the African wildcat; the second strongest influence was attributed to Asiatic wildcat. The european wildcat is a pronounced fugitive from culture and was the least likely ancestor.

    In fact, among the different subspecies of Felis silvestris, the ancestor of domestic cat is the African wildcat Felis silvestris libyca, also known as hawk cat. This subspecies is the least aggressive and, Therefore, the most suitable for living with human beings, so it was kept as a pet in ancient Egypt.

    A team from the University of Oxford led by geneticist Carlos Driscoll, who examined the genes of almost 1.000 domestic cats from the five continents, showed that the five main genetic lineages found descend only from the Felis silvestris libyca and that domestication probably occurred five times and independently in the so-called Fertile Crescent.

    First days

    When humans began to settle, the cat joined them, initially living on the outskirts of settlements as scavenger. Presumably, as a result of the resulting mutual advantages, the animals were self-domesticated. Smaller cat bones have been found alongside human bones since ago 9000 years in Mesopotamia, southeastern Anatolia and Jordan. In jericho, Cat skeletons dating from the 6th millennium BC were discovered during excavations. There, the cat was probably considered a prey animal rather than a pet.

    In the eighth millennium BC, cats were also domesticated in Cyprus. In 2004, cat specimens were discovered in a local burial that resembled the wild cats, but they had not yet been domesticated. The wild cats they only know the hiss and the growls. According to some researchers, the classic sounds “meow” are a kind of language used by domestic cats to be able to communicate verbally with humans; others, However, think that it is simply a continuation of the language of babies who, for the rest, they only use kittens towards their mothers.

    Antiquity

    The cat domestication did not start in egypt, how was it supposed to, but in the fertile crescent. From the third millennium B.C., evidence of peaceful coexistence between humans and animals can be found in paintings and drawings. Depiction of a collared cat in a Fifth Dynasty tomb (c. 2600 a.C.) it is proof of the domestication of the wild species. The domesticated cats served their owners both to catch mice and - as has been shown from the beginning Middle Kingdom of Egypt– to hunt waterfowl in the papyrus thickets.

    Ancient egyptian culture, dominated by agriculture, attached great importance to the cat, which soon became a cultic veneration of animals. One expression of this is the cat goddess Bastet, which was believed to influence happiness and love, the beauty, femininity, grace and fertility. She was often depicted as a small lion-headed cat or a cat-headed female figure.. in the late period, the cult of cats assumed the greatest proportions; in Bubastis (sometimes also the capital of the empire, often divided), many pilgrims flocked to the cult center and sacrificed thousands of mummified cats (can be read in Herodotus). As research has shown, most of the mummified cats were very young. They were probably bred specifically for mummification. In most cases, their necks were wrung to kill them.

    In this age, greeks and romans considered the cat to be a strange pet and preferred to let the ferrets keep their houses free of mice. Later, the divine female figures Artemis in Greece and Diana in Ancient Rome, as well as Freya in Scandinavia, were somehow associated with the cat form. It was associated with the cult of the mother, which in many cultures represents fertility, the phases of the moon, abundance and birth, because the mother cat, who loves to give birth, lovingly cares for and protects your children. She was also considered tolerant and independent. The ability of your pupils to contract or dilate into slits was thought to be related to the phases of the moon.

    The export of cats from Egypt was prohibited. The Phoenicians smuggled cats on their boats to Italy, Gaul and Great Britain. Archaeologists have found cat bones in settlements near Amsterdam (that. 2000 a.C.) and in Tofting, in the Eider estuary (that. 100 d.C.). Of greater importance for the dissemination of domestic cats in Europe were the animals brought on trade routes from the Middle East, especially to Greece. Animals first appear in vase paintings from the 5th and 4th centuries BC.. The Phoenicians they were also responsible for its greater diffusion.

    In the India, the domestic cat was often an important part of religious ceremonies. From there, came first to China and then to Japan, where he took on similar tasks. In China, Towards the year 1500 a.C., cats protected cocoons from silkworms and in temples ancient manuscripts from rats and mice. This is documented in numerous drawings. The Chinese of the time believed that only man and cat possessed a soul.. The cat represented good luck and a long life. It was a status symbol for the lucky rich. The first evidence of a loving bond between man and cat dates back to the Tang period.: a wanted ad said: “A kitten has escaped from Yü Ta-Po's house. Its color is white. Your calling name: Snow Girl”. Hsü Hsüan, other contemporary, described a man's love for his cat, that he loved the animal so much that he did not dare to bury his velvet paw after his death. For days he sat next to the dead animal until the cat's body decomposed.

    Middle Ages

    The cat had little importance in the High Middle Ages. With the increasing spread of Norwegian rat pests, the house rat and the house mouse -also introduced through maritime trade routes-, it was necessary to fight them, which led to a sharp increase in domestic cats at the end of the Middle Ages.

    Despite its undeniable usefulness, were stigmatized by medieval superstition as demonic and unlucky creatures, and they were considered companions of witches and disciples of the devil. According to popular belief, the witches rode huge cats to the coven. For this reason, the black cats in particular they were mercilessly persecuted, sometimes even burned at the stake, locked in baskets. A friendly relationship with an animal, especially this one, it was considered blasphemy. But, cat lovers are found in the poorer social classes as well as in the nobility and clergy. Thanks to the magical properties attributed to it, the cat acquired a high status in folk medicine, since almost everything that came from it was used for healing purposes.

    In the X century, cats lived in England as distinguished playmates for the noble ladies of the court. Cats were rare and, Therefore, very valuable. According to the law of the Prince of South Wales of the year 940 d.C., a settlement could only be called a town or village if it had nine buildings, a plow, an oven, a churn, a rooster, a bull, a shepherd and a cat. The price of a cat varied. En el Sachsenspiegel, the code of laws drawn up in 1220-1230, three pence compensation for a cat. It was not little, for a lamb or a cow then cost four pfennigs.

    Some findings from siglo XI show that cat fur was used by the Vikings and preferentially marketed in Europe in the Middle Ages. At that time, and even about 100 years, cat fur was used to make gloves, especially in France and England, since it was a particularly flexible material.

    In the middle of XV century, Girolamo Visconti wrote about witches who allegedly entered the houses where children slept at night in the form of a cat. At that time, it was a French custom to build a cat on the foundations of a church. The church buried Satan and his evil powers under its great mass, so to speak. This is supposed to symbolize the victory of good over evil. Proverbs, Superstitious sayings and rituals keep reminding these dark times, so that the cat still has ambivalent connotations today.

    While the people of the East used to be kinder to cats, in the 13th century Japan they were associated with a demon, as the human-eating witch Neko-Baké, who entered houses disguised as a cat and ate disobedient children.

    In the 10th century, the cat was common throughout the European continent and in almost all of Asia. Of the 15th to 18th century, arrives in North America, Australia and New Zealand on the ships of European explorers.

    16th century until today

    As cities grew in the 16th and 17th centuries and the number of domestic cats increased as a consequence, cat fur lost value. But, spotted wild cat fur remained a sought-after and precious commodity, so the wild relatives of the domestic cat were hunted mercilessly on all continents.

    Just with the start of the Industrial Revolution cats gradually went from being purely farm animals to their current position as “pets“. This was associated with the beginning of cat breeding. Today more than 30 breeds of cats, standardized by international breeding associations. In the 20th century, the cat became one of the most studied domestic animals in terms of medicine, genetics and physiology. In the decade of 1960, early study programs explored the behavior of wild and domestic cats. In the Decade of 1990, the cat had finally become the most economically extended non-utilitarian pet in the world, beating the dog for the first time in its history. But, as the cat continues to be characterized with falsehood and mischief in the western world, an ambivalent attitude has persisted. These may include, many people still believe that it is bad luck that a black cat crosses your path.

    In modern times, the cat is highly regarded in Japan. Entirely dedicated to cats is the Go-To-Ku-Ji temple in Tokyo, built in honor of the cat Maneki Neko, raising its right front leg to greet visitors, what is said to bring good luck and wealth. Inside, what is a cat grave, there are numerous paintings and sculptures depicting cats. Cats are also worshiped as deities in China and Thailand to this day..

    Despite the long history of domestication, the domestic cats have retained a high degree of independence and are not necessarily tied to humans. In many areas outside of Europe, especially in Australia, New Zealand and on many islands, cats have become so feral that they no longer have any relationship with humans. The wild australian domestic cats show considerable adaptation to their new environment. They have grown larger and more muscular and develop fur colorations that favor camouflage in their particular habitat.. These cats live mainly on introduced rabbits in Australia, but also of native animals.

    Attitude

    Food

    The cats, including the domestic and those of race, are strictly carnivores. In their natural habitats, They feed exclusively on small mammals and, depending on the natural prey available, also to a lesser extent birds, amphibians, reptiles and spiders. So, a purely vegetarian diet is not appropriate for cats and does not meet their needs. Studies have shown that cats don't need plant nutrients, especially carbohydrates and sugar, to meet your nutritional needs. But, there is also no scientific evidence that carbohydrates and sugars in small amounts in cat food are harmful. The assumption, often expressed, that the carbohydrates and the sugar of the commercial foods for cats are the cause of Obesity, feline diabetes and dental disease is refuted by previous studies. But, high carbohydrate content should be rejected in cat food, since with such a food composition the proportion of vital amino acids of animal origin cannot be covered by the meat content in the food and must then be added artificially.

    The commercial and industrial food for cats usually contains carbohydrates in the form of cereals to satisfy the cat's need for fiber (wet food), but also to shape food and as cheap stuffing (especially in dry food). A proportion of up to a maximum of 10 %. But, in most dry feed, is significantly higher for production and shelf life reasons.

    However, the increasingly widespread feeding of finished products has contributed significantly to increase life expectancy average of animals in recent years, as they are artificially added to certain finished feed essential dietary components (taurine, arginine, lysine, methionine, cysteine, nicotinic acid), that are normally supplied improperly when fed human food scraps. But, Feeding exclusively with ready-made products also carries risks. Studies show that cats fed commercially prepared food have a risk between 2,5 and 5 times greater to develop hyperthyroidism, what is attributed to certain additives such as soy isoflavones or phthalates. It also, the call barf is gaining in popularity.

    The so-called Barefoot (“organic raw food adapted to the species”), that is to say, raw meat feeding (beef, poultry), becomes more and more important. Unlike prepared food, this diet also meets the psychological needs of the cat and allows proper use of its teething. But, with this diet, largely species appropriate, also pay attention to a balanced ratio of nutrients. These basic knowledge, as well as the additional effort for the acquisition and preparation of food, make this type of feeding not practicable for all cat owners. An appropriate daily compromise for most cat owners is to supplement the diet with individual meals of raw meat, which can also consist of a single type of meat and do not require any additives.

    According to his ancestry african cat as an inhabitant of the steppe and the savannah, the domestic cat it is also able to meet its water needs to a large extent from prey animals when food is available naturally. So, your drinking needs are low. For this reason, the moisture requirement of the feed must correspond to that of the natural prey, what happens to most commercial wet foods. However, there should always be clean drinking water. When fed dry food, cats naturally absorb more water, but often not enough to reach the physiologically necessary amount. The result can be kidney and Urinary tract, which is why it is not advisable to feed only dry food.

    The wild cats don't drink where they eat, because in the wild it is unlikely that there is a waterhole right next to the prey they have captured. The domestic cats have retained this behavior and they will only drink from a bowl of water placed next to the one with the food if there is no other option. For this reason, should be placed separately from the food bowl.

    The adult cats do not usually tolerate cow's milk. They cannot break down lactose (milk sugar) contained in cow's milk because the production of the enzyme lactase, that is no longer necessary, decreases at the end of the lactation period. This causes digestive disorders and diarrhea.. If the milk is fed without interruption beyond the lactation period, enzyme production is usually maintained. This is why farm cats, where milk feeding is common, tend to tolerate milk better than cats that are not fed it regularly.

    Cats without access to the outside

    One indoor cat that remains can only suffer from boredom after some time, especially if you don't have enough Human contact, which can lead to undesirable behavior. If you have a partner, can play with it and perform other species-specific behaviors. Unlike in the outdoor cat, the indoor cat does not usually have a varied environment. Live animals to catch are often missing, trees to climb and discovery opportunities. If the cat is kept only indoors, always you have to choose at least two animals. Only in exceptional cases is individual accommodation recommended for older and incompatible cats that have grown up in an apartment-only environment.. A cat that used to have freedom and now (for example, due to a move) you just have to stay in the flat or the house, will hardly get used to reduced living conditions.

    The advantages of keeping cats indoors are that they cannot be run over, poisoned by agricultural pesticides, shot by hunters or injured by other animals (like-minded people, dogs, marten). The risk of contagion of one of the diseases of cats, often deadly, It is lower, but it can also occur when cats are only kept indoors, since humans can carry pathogens to the ground through their street shoes. The risk of parasite infestation it is also much lower when cats are kept indoors. For these reasons, an indoor cat has a longer life expectancy than an outdoor cat. The best compromise between outdoor and indoor life is a safe garden.

    One Indoor cat swallows more hair during grooming than an outdoor cat, as it has less ability to scrape it off bushes and bushes. So, an indoor cat depends on cat grass supply to be able to regurgitate the swallowed hairs (what triggers the stimulus to vomit). An alternative to oral hairball excretion and removal, which is usually unpleasant for the cat owner, is feeding with food supplements containing malt, that allow hair to clump together in the digestive system and, Therefore, to be expelled rectally.

    It is advisable to have several litter boxes, one per cat. If the litter box is not cleaned regularly, there is a risk that the cat will not use it. Pay special attention if there is a change in the stool, for example, diarrhea or the discovery of blood.

    One stable scratching post, preferably from floor to ceiling, it is important if you want to prevent the cat from sharpening its claws on the upholstery, wallpaper and furniture. It also, cats love high places because they feel safe in them and they like to climb. A variety of toys, like balls and some cardboard box to hide, offers indoor cats variety and the opportunity to put their play and hunting instincts into practice.

    In certain circumstances, indoor cats may be deficient in vitamin D, that must be compensated with food. The reason lies in the production of the vitamin: cholesterol in hair oil that is spread throughout the coat during grooming is converted into vitamin D in sunlight, which is then absorbed by licking. So, in absence of sunlight, little or no vitamin D is produced or absorbed.

    Dangers for cats

    Many substances whose ingestion is relatively harmless to humans are toxic or at least intolerable to cats, depending on the amount. These include, for example, the acids (vinegar, citric acid), the chocolate, the coffee, the onions, the grapes, the apples, the albaricoques or the paracetamol. Since cats also ingest plant parts to get rid of hair swallowed during grooming, but many common plants are very toxic to cats, it is necessary to keep them out of the house. Among them are the dieffenbachia, ivy, Christmas hawthorn, la poinsettia, amaryllis, cyclamen, begonia and various types of cacti, but also boxwood or oleander. Even offering bowls with cat grass or Cyprus grass often cannot prevent the cat from, curious by nature, feeds on other plants in the house.

    The glass containers misplaced can become a special hazard, as a cat can cause the container to fall to the ground and subsequently suffer serious cuts. The plastic bags they also pose a great risk, since the cat gets inside and sometimes does not find the way out; suffocates. Last, do not underestimate the danger posed by open toilet lids, especially for young cats. If they fall into it, often unable to break free from this trap and may drown in it.

    When trying to sneak through the crack of a slanted window, cats often get stuck. Attempts to free them cause them to slide lower and lower. The result is severe neurological damage to the hind limbs if the cat remains stuck for a long time. As a late consequence, embolisms may occur. If the animals are not released, they die in agony after hours of trying to free themselves.

    Cat toy

    All cats have innate hunting instincts. But, the efficient hunting behavior that is vital in nature is only partly instinctive, partly has to be learned. Play instinct serves this purpose in young house cats.. Playing with various objects around the home encourages learning and training of hunting skills. But, gambling can also help reduce “hunting stress” and to satisfy the hunting instinct. Young cats, in particular, they are known to play with balls of wool, some can't resist a piece of string or string.

    Neutering and spaying

    Usually, except for breeding cats, both males and females are neutered. During the castration, testicles or ovaries are removed. According to the general opinion, castration of free-living cats is an important basis for animal welfare and, especially, for the protection of cats, as it is the only way to avoid the unnecessary suffering caused by a large number of cats without care. It also, sterilization avoids the need to mark males at approximately the 90 % of the cases. In females, prevent them from going into heat. Times, a cat can go into heat after spaying. If she keeps letting the males ride her, then the ectopic ovarian tissue has remained in the abdominal cavity; if the cat does not allow the male to mount her, so there is no hormonal basis for heat.

    An alternative to castration, although it is rarely practiced, is the sterilization, in which only the seminal ducts or oviducts are divided. This procedure does not influence the nature of the animal, but it prevents unwanted playback and would be really desirable from a behavioral point of view. But, a cat that has only been spayed requires a maximum degree of species-appropriate husbandry, which can hardly be met with a purely indoor cat. This includes outdoor exercise., tolerant neighbors, little car traffic for several miles around and at least one sterilized partner nearby to avoid dangerous territorial fights in the distance. It also, behaviors associated with sexual activity are still present and hinder harmonious coexistence with humans. For cats that do not have access to the outside, spaying is not an alternative to neutering. When ovulation does not occur due to lack of mating, there is a rubefacción permanent and a cystic degeneration of the ovaries.

    Reproductive control with hormones

    The progestágenos can be administered parenterally or orally to cats. At the same time, are intended to prevent undesirable behaviors such as urine marking. In the case of oral administration, treatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate is in the foreground, along with the megestrol acetate. The restoration of fertility is also possible after several years of administration..

    Diseases

    The most common diseases of cats are infectious. Young animals are very susceptible to herpetic infections of the respiratory tract (cat catarrh) and infections by parvovirus (feline epidemic diarrhea). In adult animals, FeLV virus infections, IVF and FIP are a serious problem. The cat has largely lost its role as a carrier of rabies thanks to vaccination.

    It also, cats are very susceptible to parasites. Infections are most frequently seen here. endoparásitos like roundworms and tapeworms (→ Worm infections in cats) and ectoparasites like fleas and mites.

    Chronic renal failure (IRC): CRF is an irreversible failure of kidney function. Most cats that develop CNI do so due to the aging process (around the 30% of all cats older than 15 years develop CNI). But, CNI also occurs in younger cats, although they are usually affected by this disease for genetic reasons. Infections, as the dental inflammation chronicle, they can also lead to the CNI. The endocrine diseasess that may appear are mainly diabetes mellitus and hyperthyroidism.

    The most common tumor disease is malignant lymphoma. The fibrosarcoma can occur primarily as a reaction to vaccination.

    The spectrum of feline diseases described is extremely rich and comparable to human diseases in its diversity. The most common feline diseases, in addition to those already mentioned, they are the FORL (“neck injuries”), hyperthyroidism, the FLUTD (feline lower urinary tract disease), hypertrophic/restrictive/dilated cardiomyopathy, asthma and eosinophilic granuloma.

    Cats and other feline species have long been known (like tigers) can get the avian flu. Cat-to-cat contagion has also been documented. But, infection of humans by cats has not yet been observed.

    The normal body temperature of cats is of 38 °C a 39 °C. From 39,3 °C is referred to as a rise in temperature. The pulse of a cat at rest is 110 to 140 beats per minute, the Breathing frequency is of 20-30 breaths per minute.

    Cats as transmitters of disease

    Like all domestic animals, cats can transmit a number of diseases (zoonosis) to the humans. The most dangerous diseases are toxoplasmosis and rabies. The latter currently plays no role in Europe.

    In addition to other routes of infection, humans can be infected with toxoplasmosis through cat feces if they contain the pathogen Toxoplasma gondii. The pregnant women are at special risk; if the initial infection occurs in the second trimester of pregnancy, the embryo in the uterus may be damaged or die. This pathogen is also suspected of being, at least in part, responsible for the schizophrenia in humans. After infection, immunity is for life; therefore, only an infection that occurs for the first time during pregnancy is dangerous.

    The rabies is transmitted to humans through bites, scratches or contact with uninjured mucous membranes. Transmission by bites and scratches occurs with particular ease, since animals that suffer from rabies tend to show very aggressive behavior. Rabies is always deadly in unvaccinated humans and poses a serious danger to cat owners and their environment. In the news, Europe considers itself free of rabies, so the authorities no longer recommend vaccinating cats while they are not traveling abroad. In the case of pure domestic cats, the rabies vaccination has long been discouraged, as infection of the animal is not possible and vaccination can lead to tumor formation in rare cases (the so-called vaccine-induced fibrosarcoma).

    Through cat bites and smear infections from open wounds on the skin of infected animals, there is also the possibility of transmission of the so-called “cat pox virus” to human beings. But, it is cowpox virus, that are only dangerous for people with a weakened immune system. Scratches can also transmit cat scratch disease, which is usually harmless.

    Some skin diseases (fungal zoonoses) can also be transmitted from cats to humans. Humans become infected through direct contact with an infested animal or its dander. The shear mycosis affects hair, skin and nails.

    As with all pets, there is also the risk of parasite transmission, like ankylostomas, roundworms or tapeworms. They are usually transmitted by direct or indirect contact with infected feces.

    The cats (just like foxes and dogs) They are the final guest of the fox tapeworm, a parasite that is also dangerous to humans. In areas where the fox tapeworm is widespread, cats that feed on mice as intermediate hosts are often also infected with fox tapeworm and can spread it with their feces. The regular deworming of domestic cats is advisable not only for this reason.

    Genetics of coat colors

    All the colors of the cat's coat are based on two pigments: Eumelanina (black) and Feomelanina (red). Both pigments are present in the stripe pattern of wild ancestors.

    The fur pattern of cats is determined by the gene tabby. All cats are predisposed to one of the typical coat patterns: mackerel, striped, spotted the ticked. Even the solid color cat, as the Chartreux cat (Carthusian), has that predisposition, but it is masked by the non-agouti gene (abbreviation aa).

    The black cats have a mutation of locus agouti, whereby pheomelanin is completely displaced by eumelanin, so that the coat pattern is no longer visible. The red cats lack eumelanin. Since the non-agouti gene causes eumelanin to displace pheomelanin throughout the body, has no effect on the coat pattern of red cats, in which the brindle pattern is always visible.

    Both colors can be lightened by other genes. These may include, the black color is lightened to chocolate or cinnamon due to a mutation of the brown locus. The Maltese dilution gene (abbreviation dd) turn black to blue (the color of the Carthusian cat), chocolate in lilac (or lavender or frost), the cinnamon in fawn and the red (orange) cream. In 1974 another dilution gene was discovered, the dilution modifier (Dm). Change the colors blue, purple and fawn to caramel and cream to apricot.

    The white cats or white in color are due to a lack of pigment-producing cells (melanocytes) on the skin, so they are wholly or partially leucistic. Completely white cats are often deaf, the stained ones no.

    One tricolor cat can be recognized at first glance as a cat, since the gene for coat color is located on the X chromosome. The distinction between male and female is based, as in all mammals, in the karyotype of the sex chromosomes, according to which XX is feminine and XY is masculine. So, some female cats may have the gene for black coat color on one X chromosome and the gene for red coat color on the other and, therefore, develop a tricolor coat (codominant inheritance). The white part of the coat color is not controlled by the X chromosome, the series of alleles responsible is inherited autosomal.

    Exhibitions

    In the 18th century, the social recognition of the cat increased, so the number of cat owners of the nobility and the bourgeoisie could register a strong increase. The breeding and selection of special breeds experienced its first heyday. At the beginning of the 19th century, there were enough cat lovers to hold public meetings and have professional breeders and hobbyists award the most beautiful animals. Harrison Weir, Writer, poet, passionate about cats and member of the Horticultural Society, organized the first public cat show at London's Crystal Palace on 13 in July of 1871. This great feline show marked the beginning of the official history of regular shows. In victorian times, these gatherings became occasions for social gathering for the English upper classes.

    With the time, breeders began to use these exhibits to present their new breeds and work on their propagation. In 1887 was founded the National Cat Club (NCC), the first association of cat breeders that registered and cataloged the pedigrees of the breeds. The association was replaced by the Governing Council of the Cat Fancy (GCCF) in 1910. In 1938 was founded the Cat Association of Great Britain (CAGB) as an alternative organization.

    In the meantime, interest in purebred cats spread rapidly in Europe and the United States. In March of 1881 the first exhibition of cats in the United States was organized at the Bunnel Museum in Boston. But it was above all the great feline exhibition organized on the English model by James T. Hyde at Madison Square Garden in New York on 5 in May of 1895 the one that increased the popularity of purebred cats. With the time, various organizations were formed in this vast country, among which the Cat Fanciers’ Association (CFA) it was the most important. In each of the countries of Europe national associations were formed and, sometimes, various alternative organizations, generally grouped in the Féderation Internationale Féline (FIFe) as an umbrella organization.

    prizes

    Cats are divided into classes based on breed, the color, sex and past successes at exhibitions, and the judges judge them according to the rules established for each breed through a specific point system. The total number of points determines if the animal receives the qualification of “well”, “very good” or “great”. Cats rated as “excellent” are suitable for breeding without any restriction and can apply for the title Certificat d’Aptitude au Championnat (CAC), the candidacy for Champion. If they obtain the CAC in three exposures, they are considered champions.

    To go from Champion to International Champion, the cat must win the Certificat d’Aptitude au Championnat International de Beauté (CACIB) in three more exhibitions. As champion, she is now judged by international judges. As a rule, will have to participate in shows abroad. If the title of Certificate of Aptitude is then awarded to the Grand International Beauty Champion (CAGCIB or CAGCI) three times, se considers Grand International Champion.

    The International Grand Champion can climb even higher. Next, the candidacy for the title of Certificate of Aptitude at the European Championships (THAT'S). If she becomes European Champion, can become Grand Champion of Europe through the title Certificat d’Aptitude au Grand Championnat d’Europe (SHIT).

    House cat screening guidelines

    The domestic cats they are in no way inferior to their racial counterparts in beauty pageants. Some of the big umbrella organizations award additional prizes and titles to them. The American organization TICA awards year after year at the end of each show season not only the most beautiful breed cats, but also your best domestic cats (HHP). The GCCF has published an additional standard for domestic cats, and for ACFA and CFA judges there is a guide on how to judge a domestic cat. European associations and clubs even award titles to domestic cats.

    GCCF Standard Dot Scale: Domestic pet (HHP)

  • Beauty 25 points
  • Character 15 points
  • Condition + fur 30 points
  • Face and ears 15 points
  • Balance + Proportion 15 points

  • Total 100 points

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    Highlander cat (Highland Lynx)
    Federations: TICA

    The Highlander cat is a relatively new breed, the first litter back to the year 2004. This race is a little rare, to remove doubts it is registered with the International Cat Association (TICA) as a new preliminary certification.

    Content

    Characteristics "Highlander cat (Highland Lynx)"

    Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a cat of the breed "Highlander cat (Highland Lynx)" you know certain factors. You must take into account their character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

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    History

    The Highland Lynx, better known today as Highlander cat, it was created in 1993 by crossing two hybrid cat breeds, the Jungle Curl and the Desert lynx. But, despite its exotic name, This breed of cat does not have an iota of blood from its distant wild cousin, the Lynx. The desire to create a Domestic cat with the appearance of a wild cat with curved ears was the main reason for its creation and for the choice of its name.

    Since the appearance of the breed, the breeders of Highland Lynx they have continued to select and perfect the physical features of this very special cat to distinguish it from its parent, the Desert lynx cat.

    Your efforts are beginning to pay off. Like this, although the highland lynx is still considered by the Rare and Exotic Feline Registry as a subgroup of the Desert lynx cat, as the Alpine Lynx and the Mohave Bobs, is starting to emerge at feline shows as a breed in its own right. The name change in 2005 to Highlander was seen by the breeder community as a strong sign of demarcation.

    The 1 in May of 2008, the breed was recognized by the International Cat Association (TICA) to participate in the feline shows organized under his auspices in the preliminary class of new breeds, reserved for new breeds that can enter competitions, but do not participate in them. Eight years later, in 2016, rose to the category of New Advanced Race, which means that he could compete but not win any official prize. The application of the breed to participate in presentations as a competition breed (final status which means official recognition) is being considered in 2019. It should be noted that the TICA divides the Highlander in two varieties: the Highlander Shorthaire for short-haired specimens, and the Highlander Longhair. Other international feline associations, as the Fédération Internationale Féline (Fife), the Cat Fanciers Association wave Word Cat Federation they still don't recognize the breed.

    Despite TICA approval and resulting visibility, the Highlander not yet widely distributed outside its country of origin, United States. There are some breeders of Highland Lynx in Canada and Europe (France and UK), but your number remains confidential.

    Physical characteristics

    Highlander
    Highlander CatDigitalDirt, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
    The Highland Lynx has a physical look that is sure to attract attention when you walk into a room. With his muscles, his curved ears, its short tail and brindle fur reminiscent of its distant wild cousins, the Highlander He is as imposing as his cousin the Desert lynx cat, if not more.

    Bigger than the average cat, the Highlander has a body powerful, with well-defined muscles that show in every movement. Its torso is quite developed and its long hind legs end in large feet with prominent joints.

    The polydactyly in cats, that is to say, To have more “fingers” on each leg than normal, It is very common in Highlanders, regardless of kinship. This feature does not pose any risk to the animal's health.. On the other hand, it can even be an advantage, as it provides more stability in your movements.

    Another physical feature of Highlander is your tail naturally shortened, to the point of having only between 5 and 15 centimeters in length. It also, it is thick and can be straight or curly. This anomaly does not influence the cat's daily behavior or its health either.. He even tends to wag his tail to express his mood, like a dog.

    Last, the head and the face of Highlander are generally longer than wide. Its forecrown long, their nose wide and its chin deep and pronounced form a rather rectangular face. The Greats eyes oval and flattened can vary in color between gold, blue and green, and they are especially expressive. The ears, with wide bases and curved tips, are placed high on the skull, alerts and open. This last characteristic develops in the first months after the birth of the kittens., who initially have straight ears.

    Last, a wide variety of coat colors and patterns are accepted. Those with short hair tend to have a softer and denser coat than those with long hair..

    Size and weight

    • Size: 25 to 40 cm.
    • Male weight: 5 to 11 kg
    • female weight: 4 to 7 kg

    Varieties of "Highlander cat (Highland Lynx)"

    The standard of the Highland Lynx accepts all feline coat colors: ebony, blue, Brown, leonado, chocolate, lilac, Red and cream, as well as all silver variants, sepia, snow, mink and cameo.

    But, the breeders of Highlander currently prefer three coat patterns to maintain the look “Wild” of the race:

    The leopard pattern
    • It consists of a tabby with dark spots on the flanks and belly of the cat. The size of the spots can vary, but they must be evenly distributed. Rosette-shaped spots are preferable (almost full circle, with a center lighter than the edges). A dark dorsal line, ideally made up of small spots, should travel the length of the cat's spine to the tail. The face has brindle markings. Ghost spots (marks that fade as the cat sheds and ages) are preferred for snow colors, cuttlefish and mink.
    The leonado pattern
    • The coat is brindle all over the body, with more pronounced brindle markings on the legs, tail and face. Collar markings are usually present on the neck and chest, but they are not essential.
    The marbled pattern (the cloudy leopard)
    • It is a variation of the brindle brand, but with horizontal guidelines instead of vertical. Colors must be contrasted, with well-defined shapes and contours. The belly is stained.

    Accepted Highlanders smooth or brindle, but they are less desirable, as they are closer to the look of a Domestic cat.

    Character and skills

    Highland cat
    Highland cat reclined – TAnthony, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
    Despite his wild looks, the Highlander is far from sharing the temperament of his cousins, starting with his circumspection and shyness. In fact, it's the opposite. In fact, it is one of the most affectionate cat breeds. This character trait, as well as its tendency to follow its owner everywhere, has earned him the nickname of “cat dog”.

    A giant with a kind heart, quickly becomes familiar with his new surroundings and soon demands a lot of attention and caresses from everyone who enters his home. This applies even to strangers, those who do not hesitate to touch, if you are encouraged to do so. Sometimes he even goes out to party with his master and follows him around when he comes back from work., without the noise and the drool. In other words, not a suitable breed of cat for a master who is away often, that you would do better to opt for an independent cat.

    On the other hand, unlike other affectionate cat breeds, the Highlander not talkative: shows your affection through your movements and attitude, not through your voice.

    This personable and patient character makes them ideal for a family with children., provided they are not too agitated in your presence. Moderating the ardor of the youngest is all the more necessary since the mountaineer has an excellent memory and, Therefore, tends to run away from people with whom the first exchanges have been random.

    It is possible to have more than one cat at home, since the Highlander is generally sociable with other cats. But, it is important to avoid bringing two unsterilized males together.

    Cohabitation of your cat with a dog should not be a problem either, since they also get along very well with dogs, sharing the same devotion to their master. In fact, It is not uncommon to see that they quickly start playing together once they have been introduced..

    It also, his intelligence and excellent memory make him a perfect student to teach your cat tricks and games, like the recovery of balls. An indoor cat perfectly adapted to life in an apartment and not to that of a garden cat, however requires distractions and activities between two naps. Playing with your cat on a regular basis will allow him to channel his energy while maintaining his powerful muscles, and it will prevent you from destroying everything in the house to get your attention.

    Last, the Highland Lynx he is a water-loving cat, whether it's watching a faucet run for hours or getting sprayed during a gaming session.

    Health

    The Highland Lynx is a new breed of cat and breeders have not yet identified any specific disease.

    However, It's recommended that, before making any purchase, the cat's parental history and vaccination record is checked to ensure that all its vaccinations are up to date.

    Grooming

    Depending on the hair length of the Highland Lynx, maintaining the cat's coat may require more or less work. The longer the coat, more regularly you will need to brush your cat (about twice a week), to help you groom. In any case, it is best to accustom your cat to being brushed from a young age, since older cats do not appreciate this type of attention if they are not familiar with it.

    It is also important to monitor and maintain your cat's ears. Dirt or excess wax can collect in the cartilage folds, causing discomfort and infections. Cleaning your cat's ears regularly will go a long way in preventing this problem..

    Food

    The Highland Lynx does not have a special sensitivity to food. It also, provided that the food is of good quality and is adapted to the dietary and energy needs of the cat, there is no risk of him becoming overweight.

    However, keep in mind that the Highlander tends to drink more than other cats. So, it is even more important that they always have access to fresh water.

    For sale "Highlander cat (Highland Lynx)"

    The price of a kitten Highland Lynx ranges between 700 and 900 EUR.

    Videos "Highlander cat (Highland Lynx)"

    Highlander | Cats 101
    Highlander | Cats 101
    Meet Gadget the Highlander Cat
    Meet Gadget the Highlander Cat

    Alternative names:

    • Highland Lynx, Highlander Shorthair

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    British longhair cat
    Federations: LOOF, TICA, WCF

    The British longhair cat was recognized as a breed by the International Cat Association (TICA) in 2009. Some other registration organizations still do not consider it a breed of its own..

    Photo: wilkipedia

    Content

    History

    The British longhair cat originated in Great Britain at the beginning of the 20th century and is the result of crossing the British Shorthair cat and the Persian cat. The British Shorthair cat They had long interbred with the persian cats, but the resulting cats that showed the long-haired gene of the Persian they were considered unusual.

    Because the breed has only recently been bred for its specific traits, have achieved race status in recent history. Much of the history of British longhair cat is associated with its relationship with its namesake and ancestor, the British Shorthair cat.

    Physical characteristics

    The British longhair cats are size medium, with long hair and a nice round face. His big round eyes, their sweet expressions and fluffy fur give this breed adorable charm. Under all your fluff, these cats have muscular and robust bodies. The british long hair usually weigh between 3 and 7 kg, and males tend to weigh more.

    The coat of the British longhair it's dense and straight, and moves away from the body to make these cats appear larger than they really are. Its fur is also soft, thick and available in many colors, like black, the lilac, chocolate or gold. They can also have a bicolor pattern, ticked o colorpoint. These cat breeds shed little compared to other long-haired breeds, but they have a thick undercoat.

    The British longhair cat is often compared to the British Shorthair cat and with the Persian cat as for its appearance, And for good reason: This breed of cat follows the same breed standard as the British Shorthair cat, except for their long, soft fur. The magnificent mane of British longhair is the result of the side of Persian cat of his genealogy.

    British longhair cat
    British longhair cat Bounty Amouge, No. 4 according to the RosKosh club international cat show catalog “Golden Autumn-2014” (WCF). – Nickolas Titkov from Moscow, Russian Federation, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

    Character and skills

    These sweet cats are as personable as their smiling faces would suggest.. The British longhair cat He is known for his smooth, calm demeanor and easygoing demeanor. These cats are not easily upset – some might even call them lazy!! Although sometimes they behave like typical playful kittens, they are significantly less active than most cat breeds and become less active with age. They also sleep quite a bit, even by cat standards.

    But these cuddly cats are so much more than just sofa companions.. They are incredibly smart, social and loving. The British longhair is a loyal breed that loves people and tolerates most environments.

    Although they are very sociable, these cats also have an independent vein, and they often feel good doing their own thing. That does not mean that these cats always leave you alone.; in fact, they have been described as small “private investigators”. True to the cats of pop culture, these cats are quite curious. Don't be surprised if you find these cats pawing at your personal belongings or looking closely to see what you are doing..

    The British longhair cat He is affectionate and tolerant with children, but he doesn't like to be caught. Parents will have to spend time teaching their little ones not to pick up these adorable cats and to meet them on the floor to pet and play.

    Needs of the "British longhair cat"

    Thanks to his laid-back temperament, the British longhair adapts to a wide variety of environments. Their gentle and carefree demeanor makes them patient and loving pets for families with young children and frequent guests.. These friendly felines are sociable and adapt to changes, they tolerate curious young children and noisy dinners.

    They are far from sticky, and they don't mind being left alone while you go to work or your social activities. This independent spirit also means that the British longhair can be a bit stubborn. They prefer to do things their own way, and often do not respond to owners starting the game when they prefer to lie down. But, this does not mean that your british longhair cat does not want to know anything about you. On the contrary, you will have to spend time showing your love and affection. Lots of pampering, attention and the presence of other pets will keep you from feeling lonely.

    These cats love to chat and will have small conversations with you often to let you know that they are hungry., thirsty or just to get your attention. If you have roommates who are easily irritated or you live in an apartment with thin walls, this breed might not be the most suitable.

    If what you are looking for is a friendly and cuddly companion that adapts to different lifestyles and living spaces, the British longhair cat it's a good option. This calm cat adapts well to family life, to frequent travel and most life situations, as long as I receive a lot of love and care.

    Health

    The british longhair cats they are not more prone to disease than other cats, but they have a certain incidence of health problems. This breed has a life expectancy of between 15 and 17 years.

    “It is important to check for polycystic kidney disease, in which cysts develop in the kidneys causing decreased function and, finally, kidney failure”. DNA tests are now available to detect the risk of this disease in parents, so it is advisable to do a previous screening. This disease is also very common in the Persian ancestors of the British longhair.

    Responsible breeders will test kittens for genetic health problems, but it is important to keep regularly scheduled veterinary appointments and follow the advice of your cat's veterinarian. Health problems can develop later in life and will need to be managed.

    British longhair cat
    British longhair cat

    Grooming and care

    British longhair mainly handles that task itself. Because of all this self-grooming, your British longhair cat is prone to swallowing a lot of hair and developing hairballs. Help your cat by brushing more frequently or offering hairball relief treatments.

    The British longhair cat tends to be a bit lazy, and owners will have to motivate them to move. Encourage play often, provide trees to climb and interactive toys to play with.

    “Weight control is very important with these cats because they tend to be less active as adults compared to other cat breeds.. “They are prone to being overweight, so daily exercise is essential”.

    How are they smart, these cats are usually easy to train to perform simple tasks, how to use the litter box or scratching post. These food-loving cats will always appreciate a treat to reward good behavior.

    Socialization should be easy with this easygoing breed. Kittens british long hair those who are introduced to people and pets at a young age are usually easy to get along with and accept unfamiliar faces well.

    Food

    The British longhair cat should be fed a high-quality diet approved by your veterinarian. Look for protein ingredients primarily of animal origin. Your cat can be fed dry or wet food. This breed is prone to obesity, so it is important to monitor your food intake.

    British longhair
    A bluish-white long-haired British cat from the McQueen Cattery. – Felinology, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

    For sale "British longhair cat"

    Kittens british long hair from a reputable breeder usually cost between 700 and 1.100 EUR, depending on pedigree.

    Characteristics "British longhair cat"

    Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a cat of the breed "British longhair cat" you know certain factors. You must take into account their character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

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    Independence

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    Hardiness

    Rated 3.0 out of 5
    3.0 out of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Videos "British longhair cat"

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    Savannah cat
    Federations: TICA, CCA-AFC, LOOF

    Before buying a Savannah cat, you must bear in mind that it is considered the most expensive breed of domestic cat in the world.
    Photo: blogs.inlandsocal.com

    Content

    Characteristics "Savannah cat"

    Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a cat of the breed "Savannah cat" you know certain factors. You must take into account their character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

    Joy

    Rated 5.0 out of 5
    5.0 out of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Activity level

    Rated 5.0 out of 5
    5.0 out of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Friendliness to other pets

    Rated 4.0 out of 5
    4.0 out of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Friendliness to children

    Rated 4.0 out of 5
    4.0 out of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Grooming requirements

    Rated 1.0 out of 5
    1.0 out of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Vocality

    Rated 3.0 out of 5
    3.0 out of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Need for attention

    Rated 3.0 out of 5
    3.0 out of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Affection towards its owners

    Rated 5.0 out of 5
    5.0 out of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Docility

    Rated 3.0 out of 5
    3.0 out of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Intelligence

    Rated 5.0 out of 5
    5.0 out of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Independence

    Rated 2.0 out of 5
    2.0 out of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Hardiness

    Rated 5.0 out of 5
    5.0 out of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    History

    The Savannah is a breed of cat created in the United States in the decade of 1980. It is the result of the crosses between domestic cats (generally Egyptian Mau, Ocicat, Oriental shorthair cat and Domestic Shorthair) and servales males (Leptailurus serval). The latter is a medium-sized African wild cat with long legs., long neck and large oval ears. It shares a common ancestor with the lion and, having managed to adapt to various habitats, lives in the savannas, the forests or wetlands of your home continent.

    The first Savannah was born the 7 in April of 1986. It was a kitten, daughter of a Siamese cat and serval male. It was baptized as “Miracle” by Judee Frank, the breeder who owns the cat. It must be said that it was really a near miracle for the breeder, since he didn't know that his Siamese I was pregnant. At that moment, housed a Serval quite fragile that, Obviously, he was responsible for “miracle”. Later, the Mrs. Suzi Mutascio acquired the miraculous female and renamed her as “Savannah”, name that the breed also received.

    Patrick Kelly, another passionate breeder domestic cats wild looking, heard about Savannah and wanted to create a new race based on the “miracle”. As such, got in touch with Joyce Sroufe, an Oklahoma breeder specializing in breeding feral cats, including serval. He agreed to participate in the project and began to cross short-haired domestic cats with servales. So, all the kittens he offered for adoption were first generation hybrids (called F1). Your firsts Savannah They were born in 1994.

    In 1996, in an effort to gain recognition for the breed, Patrick Kelly and Joyce Sroufe, In colaboration with Karen Sausman -a breeder of Bengalis– drafted a proposed standard for the Savannah, presented to the International Cat Association (TICA), the world's largest purebred domestic cat registration body. But, at the same time, this organization announced a moratorium on the recognition of new breeds.

    This did not prevent other enthusiasts from taking an interest in savannah farming in the following years., and the breed became more and more popular. An association was even created in the year 2000 to promote the breed before the TICA. Originally called Savannah International Member & Breeder Association (SIMBA), this organization is now called simply Savannah Cat Association.

    In February of 2001, TICA accepted the registration of the Savannah and allowed them to be displayed in cat shows, but not that they competed. That year more than a hundred. In 2006, the Canadian Cat Association (CCA) recognized the breed and its standard, which allowed to register the Savannah and participate in feline exhibitions organized under his authority. Regarding the TICA, was not up 2012 when he agreed to grant the same full recognition to the new breed.

    In any case, as it usually happens with hybrid breeds, only dogs are allowed in cat shows Savannah from the third generation (F3). This generation is of special interest, since it is the one that can compete that theoretically has the highest percentage of Serval (although this rate may vary depending on the individual).

    But, This generation is not recognized or cataloged by the American Cat Fanciers’ Association (ACFA) and Cat Fanciers’ Association (CFA) in United States; nor for him Governing Council of the Cat Fancy (GCCF), the World Cat Federation (WCF) and Fédération Internationale Féline (FIFé) in Europe.

    Today, the Savannah cat is present all over the world, mostly in North and South America, Europe, Japan and Malaysia. But, is prohibited in some countries, like australia, where it was banned in 2008. Its great predatory capacity could pose a threat to the maintenance or even the survival of certain native species., with which it could compete if individuals were found in nature.

    Some states, counties or cities in the United States also prohibit the possession of Savannah in its territory. Sometimes all representatives of the breed are prohibited, but sometimes only to the first generations. In other cases, a permit is required to own this cat. In summary, sometimes it's hard to navigate…

    Physical characteristics

    Savannah cat
    F1 Savannah cat – Flickr

    The Savannah is very large: in fact, a male was recognized in 2017 like the tallest cat in the world, with 48,3 centimeters at the withers. In fact, this breed has inherited several characteristics from its wild relative: it is a tabby cat with a spotted coat, a slim body, muscular and graceful, a head small, long legs, large ears and a slightly short tail. This is a type semi-foreign.

    But, is significantly smaller than the Serval, and it also shows a noticeable difference in size from one generation to another. In fact, as they move away from the first generation of hybrids, the Savannah tend to be shorter in height and weight, between 6 and 9 kg. It also, in all generations, females are smaller than males.

    There are some color variations in the Savannah. They can be inherited from one or both parent races. According to the standards of the International Cat Association (TICA), accepted colors are

    Brown spotted tabby

    The Savannah of this color are the most popular among breed enthusiasts, probably because its fur is the most similar to that of the serval. Your background color can be wheat, marten or saber, while its spots vary from orange brown to black and dark brown. Inside this fur color, it is rare to find adult cats with completely black noses.

    Silver Spotted Tabby

    This color is probably the second most popular. The background color of the coat ranges from very pale silver, almost white, even dark silver. Stains vary from carbon black to ink black. In some individuals, can cover a large area and be accompanied by hives; this pattern is called “marbled”. Some individuals of this color have a completely black nose.
    The genetic inheritance of Silver Spotted Tabby comes from domestic cats that contributed to hybridization.

    Smoke

    The Savannah of this color variation are black, but the root of her hair is white, which gives them a lighter coloration.

    Black Savannah cat

    There is a servales melancholy, that is to say, blacks, in the nature. The corresponding color variation in the Savannah cat has been inherited from the genetic background of some servales with this property. Cats of this color are spotted, although their spots are usually visible only under strong light. These Savannah they always have a black nose.

    But, in addition to those accepted by the TICA, there are other colors. Cats with these colors can even be registered with the association. In fact, sometimes they are more popular with some fans of the Savannah than officially accepted colors. It is about the following colors:

    Snow

    This coat goes from white to light gray, and the spots are light brown. The aquamarine blue of his eyes is the most noticeable feature of the Savannah snow. Although it is not accepted by the TICA, this rare color is highly prized by some breed enthusiasts.

    Lavender

    The color lavender (ranging from cream to peach) is dotted with grayish spots. Again, this is a very rare color.

    Size and weight

    • Size: Of 40 to 45 cm.
    • Weight: Of 6 to 12 kg

    Breed standard

    The breed standards are documents established by official bodies that list the conditions that a dog must meet. Savannah to be fully recognized as belonging to the race:

    Character and skills

    Savannah cat
    F4 Melanistic Savannah cat – Flickr

    Despite his semi-wild ancestry, the Savannah is known to be a good-natured cat, affectionate, Gentile, loyal and playful from the first generations. He is also extremely smart, active and curious. It must be said that the serval, is contributing to your genetic makeup, It is a wild cat with a very familiar character and easy to tame. In some parts of Africa, in rural areas, servals can be used as companion cats or as hunting aids.

    In fact, the owners of a Savannah often happily report that their pet is distinguished by character from any other breed of domestic cat.

    Although they are not unhappy on the inside, they greatly enjoy the outdoors, allowing them to have fun climbing trees or hunting, and thus exhaust their unlimited energy. If you have your cat indoors, the best thing is that he has a large home where he can run, jump and climb with ease. A cat tree is essential to keep it active and prevent it from damaging furniture and curtains.

    If you've gotten used to it from the start, can be easily walked on a leash. Like its relative the serval, the Savannah is one of the few domestic cats that enjoys frolicking in the water.

    In general, to the Savannah loves the company of humans, as well as other pets in the home. They really enjoy being hugged and played with. But, la Savannah Cat Association (SCA) recommends that a first generation cat (F1) not be placed in a home with minor children. Young children love to pet and cuddle animals, but a Savannah F1 is a size that does not lend itself to such displays of affection. Although normally, when a cat is fed up, it just walks away, This SCA recommendation is a simple -but very wise- precautionary measure..

    The association also suggests that small rodents or pet birds should not be left within reach of a savannah., since this could have a bad destiny for them. It also, owners who have an aquarium at home should ensure that it has a secure lid. If that is not the case, they can find their cat swimming among the fish, especially because Savannah they are water-loving cats.

    Another precaution recommended by the SCA is for the owner to ensure that his Savannah do not have free access to the outside. If it escapes, the chances of me coming home are very low, and their chances of long-term survival in the wild would also be low. It has been established that a Savannah indoor can live up to 18 years, while their life expectancy in the wild is reduced to about 18 months.

    Grooming and caring for the "Savannah cat"

    Savannah cat
    Pregnant F1 Savannah cat – Flickr

    The smooth and short coat of the Savannah cat it is very easy to care for and does not require any special care. A weekly brushing is enough.

    It also, as to the Savannah He likes water, can be bathed easily at times.

    Indoor or outdoor cat?

    The Savannah cat he is a hunter, jumper and climber much more skilled than other domestic cats. So, if kept as an indoor cat, needs a space above average, as well as varied and solid climbing opportunities.

    It is also possible that the big cat is delighted to have a secure outdoor enclosure or garden.. With a little patience and a lot of practice, can also be taught to Savannah to walk on a leash. It is not advisable to keep the F1 to F4 generations as outdoor cats, as they are very valuable and also excellent hunters.

    How much activity does he need? "Savannah cat"?

    Due to his enormous agility and his great intelligence, the Savannah cat needs a lot of attention and activity. He does not like to be home alone and loves to follow his owner around the house. He likes to be the center of attention and will confidently tell you when he wants you to keep him busy..

    An especially exciting activity for the Savannah cat is playing with the water or taking a bath in the bathtub. Some breeds like water so much that they will follow you into the shower. The cunning cats also learn to look for toys with gusto and run wildly all over the floor..

    Health and nutrition

    "Savannah cat"

    Gato Savannah
    Matahah Me Al (Motzie ) is F2 savannah – Galawebdesign, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

    In general, the Savannah is in good health.

    But, two hereditary diseases are known in this breed, that have their origin in the domestic cats that contributed to their birth. Are the progressive retinal atrophy and pyruvate kinase deficiency (a type of anemia). Both can be revealed by genetic testing, allowing serious breeders of Savannah identify and remove individuals carrying the defective genes from your breeding program. Any prospective buyer should require proof that the kitten they wish to adopt has been tested negatively.

    The Savannah Cat Association (SCA) also advises owners of this breed of cats not to remove their claws. The declawing, which consists of the amputation of the last phalanx of the fingers, can cause pain that can last for the rest of the cat's life. Nail removal is not recommended for all breeds of cats, and is especially contraindicated for Savannah, due to the large amount of energy you need to expend, for example, clawing a cat tree.

    It also, cats of this breed should be watched carefully when they are sick, as they can become dehydrated and lose weight quickly.

    Last, the Savannah fear the cold.

    Food

    In general, the Savannah does not require any special diet. As with other cat breeds, it is only necessary to ensure the quality of the food that is offered.

    But, for the Savannah of the first generation after hybridization (F1) and of the second generation (F2), some breeders recommend serving the animal a daily meal of raw poultry.

    Other breeders recommend feeding all Savannah with a diet consisting of raw meat - minced- chicken and beef. But, this diet is discussed by some of your colleagues, they point out that it requires a good knowledge of nutrition, and that all the necessary ingredients must be added for a complete and balanced diet. If adopted, this practice should be done with caution, as over-supplementation can be harmful.

    For sale "Savannah cat"

    Before buying a Savannah cat, you should know that it is considered the most expensive breed of domestic cat in the world.

    Depending on the generation, will pay between 1.000 and 10.000 euros for a kitten. Other difficulties may arise, especially when buying a cat from the F1 to F4 generation. These animals are not very easy to conserve and are subject to the Washington Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. So that, if you want to import a cat from the USA. or from another non-EU country, there are many requirements, such as tenure and confinement permits.

    Gato Savannah Gato Savannah Gato Savannah

    Interesting data

    Criticism of breeding “Savannah cats”

    The detractors of the breeding of the Savannah believe that mating a wild animal with a domestic cat for the sole purpose of obtaining a particular coat pattern is irresponsible.

    As the gestation periods of cats and servales They are different, every generation of F1 is born prematurely.

    The mortality rate, as well as stress for the mother, is therefore extremely high. Many of the so-called wild cat hybrids they continue to show the characteristics of a wild animal even after generations. So, keeping them species-appropriate is not possible for everyone.

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    In Australia and New Zealand, the Savannah they are even prohibited from entering the country because they can endanger biodiversity. So the question arises whether it is really necessary to travel a path that nature did not foresee., just to get a breeding goal.

    Famous cats “Savannah”

    One of the Savannah cats most famous in the world is Scarlett’s Magic, of United States. Received the Guinness record the largest living domestic cat in 2010, with a shoulder height of 45,9 cm.. She was also the longest domestic cat in the world, with a length of 108,51 cm..
    But, the current record is held by the cat Maine Coon Ludo with a length of 118,33 cm..

    Videos "Savannah cat"

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    Alternative names:

    • Gato de la Sabana

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    Asian Smoke Cat
    Registered by the GCCF

    At the beginning, he was known as Cat Burmoire because its origin seems to come from the cross between the Burmilla cat and the European Burmese Cat.
    Asian Smoke Cat
    Asian cat – Asian smoke (black) colour – Pigeon-camera, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

    Content

    History

    It was developed in Great Britain, through crosses of this breed with others that will provide its unique characteristics. The goal was that he could hunt mice.

    In a time when old, low-ceilinged houses were plentiful, the presence of these small rodents was worrisome. For this reason, At the end of the 19th century, they began to look for a way to create new breeds of cats that were faster, quieter and with better hunting instincts and other qualities that serve to eliminate these annoying pests.

    But, due to the large number of races that emerged at that time, people considered this cat much more than just a rodent hunter. Maybe because of its beauty or because of its friendly nature, the truth is that the villagers of the time began to contemplate the possibility of having it as a pet.

    Precisely at this moment, the Asian Smoke Cat began to gain popularity. And is that her beauty, very similar to that of a tiger, and her beautiful personality, along with how quiet it is, made many people want to have one at home.

    Physical characteristics

    It is a very muscular medium-sized cat, especially in the area of ​​the legs and chest. Thus, has an air of imposing superiority over other races. This, added to its elegance when it moves, makes him one of the most wanted cats in the world.

    Has a rounded head, pointed ears and round but slanted eyes. Although their eyes can vary in color, they are always greenish or yellowish.

    Colors

    It also, its pelage is short, soft and can be in multiple colors and patterns. Accepted colors are blue, chocolate, the lilac, the reddish, The candy, the cream and the black.

    However, feline clubs accept some special specimens if they have a very different color. We refer to those that resemble the Burmese cat and have white or silver tones.

    in addition, its tail is neither thick nor extremely hairy. It also, it is wide at its base and narrow at its end. Looking at your limbs, it should be noted that the rear ones are slightly longer than the front ones, an advantage when it comes to running and jumping.

    Character and skills

    The Asian Smoke Cat has a calm and friendly character. So, can be easily adapted to home environments. It does not matter if they are formed by a single member or by large families. It adapts to all types of people and can also live with other animals without problems.

    This cat is tolerant and docile, ideal for children because they always want to play and are never aggressive. A curious fact is that it is somewhat more intelligent than other cats, which will make you unconsciously prefer the smartest member of the family.

    Health and care

    The health of the Asian Smoke Cat is generally healthy and without much predisposition to congenital diseases. Some of the most common difficulties that can affect you are hair loss, as well as visual defects, including cornea (that is to say, a small wart with hair in the corneal eye area) and cataracts.

    Proper coat care does not require extreme grooming, as it is not very long and is not prone to unnecessary tangles. A regular brushing can be enough to give you a shiny and healthy look..

    Although the amount of hair is not very excessive, as a cat it can suffer at some point from hair in the digestive system. If this is the case, a paraffin solution can be used as a remedy.

    Life expectancy

    10 – 15 years.

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    Balinese cat
    Recognized by the CFA, FIFe, TICA, ACF, ACFA/CAA, CCA-AFC, GCCF

    The Balinese cat can boast of having among his close relatives the famous Siamese cat.
    Balinés
    Photo: aboutpedigreecats.com

    Content

    Characteristics "Balinese cat"

    Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a cat of the breed "Balinese cat" you know certain factors. You must take into account their character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

    Joy

    Rated 5.0 out of 5
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    Activity level

    Rated 4.0 out of 5
    4.0 out of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Friendliness to other pets

    Rated 3.0 out of 5
    3.0 out of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Friendliness to children

    Rated 3.0 out of 5
    3.0 out of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Grooming requirements

    Rated 2.0 out of 5
    2.0 out of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Vocality

    Rated 5.0 out of 5
    5.0 out of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Need for attention

    Rated 5.0 out of 5
    5.0 out of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Affection towards its owners

    Rated 4.0 out of 5
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    Docility

    Rated 1.0 out of 5
    1.0 out of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Intelligence

    Rated 5.0 out of 5
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    Independence

    Rated 1.0 out of 5
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    Hardiness

    Rated 2.0 out of 5
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    History

    The origins of the breed as such are in the United States and go back to the years 50, but the first references to this type of cat are much older. In fact, a Chinese tapestry from several centuries ago already depicted long-haired cats with features Siamese. More recently, in 1871, Penny Illustrated magazine mentioned a long-hair Siamese, and in 1928 the American Federation of Cat Fans (CFF) accepted the registration of a long-hair Siamese.

    In the Decade of 1950, Marion Dorsey and Helen Smith, of the creators of Siamese Americans based in California and New York respectively, they became interested in these long-haired kittens and decided to start a dedicated breeding program. The program was successful and resulted in Balinese cat what do we know today.

    Despite what its name may suggest, the Balinese cat It, in effect, an american cat breed. The name was chosen by Helen Smith to highlight its grace and elegance, similar to that of the ballerinas on the island of Bali

    Already in 1961, the Federation of Cat Fans (CFF) recognized this new breed, and the Cat Fan Association (CFA) did the same in 1970. In 1979, this same CFA set a new standard for a breed called Javanese, whose characteristics were those of Balinese cat, and that it simply allowed covering the coat colors not accepted by the latter's standard. In fact, the Balinese standard had been established by accepting the same colors as the Siamese cat, that is to say, seal, blue, chocolate and lilac.

    That same year 1979, the International Cat Association (TICA) also recognized the Balinese cat, antes de ser seguida for the International Feline Federation (FIFé) in 1983 and, later, por el British Governing Council of the Cat Fancy (GCCF) in 1986.

    Today, but the Balinese cat is present and recognized throughout the world, still a relatively uncommon cat. in your country of origin, United States, the CFA statistics indicate that it is in the second half of the breed table based on the number of annual registrations. In France, each year less than 20 ejemplares en el Official Book of Feline Origins (LOOF). In Great Britain, GCCF figures even show a very steep decline, mainly due to the appearance of new races: Enrollments in the organization went from 150 to 200 per year at the beginning of the decade 2000 less than 50 at the end of the Decade of 2010.

    Physical characteristics

    Balinese cat
    Old-Style Balinese Seal Point – Mary Desmond, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

    Muscular but slim, the Balinese cat seems very delicate and flexible in its movements.

    With a weight between three and four kilos, the Balinese cats belong to the medium-sized breeds.

    Males balinese they can weigh a little more and are around five kilos.

    While the body, face and character are similar to those of the Siamese cat original, coat length differs considerably, which is particularly evident in the bushy tail of the balinese. But, from the start of breeding, the balinese has changed a bit and, with its elongated body and its triangular face, has been adapted to the modern variant of the Siamese cat.

    If you want to buy Balinese cats, nowadays you will only find a few breeders that breed this breed in its original breeding way. In most breeders, cat lovers can buy the modern shape of the Balinese cat, whose body is narrower and its head is more wedge-shaped. A distinctive feature of Balinese cat it's her bright blue eyes, that seem especially alive and vibrant.

    The only coat pattern allowed is colourpoint: the body is one color, but the tips are a darker and different color. Although the only colors allowed in the original CFA standard, written in 1970, are accepted for the Siamese, that is to say, the seal, the blue, the chocolate and lilac, the vast majority of current standards also allow the cream, The candy, red, apricot and other non-traditional colors.

    blue eyes, of a unique beauty, are present regardless of coat color and are characteristic of the appearance of the balinese.

    Last, sexual dimorphism is moderately marked, the male being slightly larger than the female.

    Varieties of "Balinese cat"

    Balinese cat
    Ghislaine of Chrysanthe, balinese cat, female, chocolate tortie point – Photographer:Anna Utekhina, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

    The case of a Balinese cat with colors other than the seal, the blue, chocolate and lilac divide cat lovers from all over the world, as well as various organizations. While the International Cat Association (TICA) and the British Feline Fantasy Governing Council (GCCF) consider that these cats are indeed balinese, the American Cat Fan Association (CFA) consider from 1979 that all the “balinese” of different colors constitute a different race: that of Javanese cat.

    Despite the official merger in 2008 of the two breeds under the standard balinese of the CFA, the term Javanese still commonly used in the US. to define the balinese different colors from the original standard.

    This term was chosen in reference to the island of Java, neighbor of the island of Bali, in Indonesia: is a nod to the fact that the Javanese its near to balinese.

    Character and skills

    Balinese cat
    20-week old Balinese kitten – Flickr

    The balinese he is a very cuddly cat, who is lovingly attached to his family and does not leave their eyes. They demand a lot of attention, they follow their owner everywhere and constantly seek to play with him or be petted by him. It is sociable, accepts other pets without difficulty and enjoys the company of children, provided they have been taught to behave with animals.

    His constant need for attention makes him not tolerate loneliness well, and you can quickly adopt destructive behavior if you feel that your family does not give you the attention you deserve. So, not suitable for a teacher who is absent often.

    It is reputed to be sensitive to human emotions, and knows how to comfort a sad man or, on the other hand, share your moments of joy. They also know how to interpret voice intonations, so reprimands can hurt your sensitive nature, while encouragement reinforces the bond they have with their family.

    Activos, agile and curious, to the balinese they love to explore the corners of the house. These may include, you can crawl out from under your bed with a toy you lost weeks ago or find that old photo that fell behind your living room closet years ago. But, one of his favorite activities is to climb on the shoulders of one of the family members.

    He is also very smart and playful, making you an excellent candidate for teaching your cat tricks. It is very possible that he will learn something by himself, and then come proudly show your family what you can do.

    Despite his high energy level, It is a breed of cat that lives very well in an apartment -if the apartment is not tiny- and does not need outer space.

    Last, one of the main characteristics of the Balinese cat is your propensity to be vocal. They seem to have an opinion on everything, and they do not stop making it known, commenting from his food to what is on television or the cover of the book his master wants to read in a low voice. Although he has no problem giving long monologues, you expect to be listened to and risk starting over if you think your family has not paid attention to what you are saying. Both in terms of activity level and volume, they are definitely not one of the calmest cat breeds.

    Care "Balinese cat"

    Balinese cat
    Seal Point Balinese kitten at 13 weeks of age – Flickr

    The Balinese cat it is an easy-care breed of cat, since its long and silky coat does not tend to knot and sheds very little. So, a simple brushing once a week is enough.

    This brushing session is an opportunity to check that your teeth and eyes are clean., and to pay special attention to their ears, which often need to be cleaned with a damp cloth. It also, make sure its claws are not too long, and trim them if necessary.

    Indoor or outdoor cat?

    The Balinese cat not necessarily a cat that should be kept outside, since these graceful animals are sensitive to cold. But, as the balinese it is one of the most active cat breeds, your house should be as big as possible and, above all, be equipped with many climbing possibilities. The ideal is to have a well-protected balcony or garden, that can also be used for running. To the balinese cats they also like to get inspired by climbing trees outdoors, and a small pool of water and other play opportunities are always welcome for this breed of cat.

    How much activity does he need? "Balinese cat"?

    If you decide to have a balinese, it does not matter if it is a puppy or an adult, you should take your time with him. Intelligent breed cats are very affectionate and like to be the center of attention, so they will gladly dispense with the company of other cats, but not from human attention.

    So, the Balinese cat he needs a lot of pampering and you also have to take time to keep him busy. The balinese is very receptive to training and learns very quickly, which is why search games are so easy for him balinese how to learn new tricks or intelligence games. However, in regards to scratching opportunities, climb and play, you should also make sure your cat has quiet places to retreat to, since animals tend to prefer places where they have their favorite humans in sight.

    Health and nutrition

    The balinese is an exceptionally long-lived breed of cats, since many reach or exceed the 20 years of age.

    Despite this overall robustness, are at increased risk for certain diseases:

  • The progressive retinal atrophy (ARP), a retinal disease that causes blindness in cats;
  • The amyloidosis, a disease that causes kidney failure and is often fatal;
  • Achalasia or megaesophagus, a gastrointestinal disorder that can cause food blockages;
  • Squint, a vision disorder without serious consequences for the animal;
  • Acromelanismo, a genetic disease that causes changes in coat color based on skin temperature.
  • Last, obesity is a major risk to the health of the balinese, but can easily be avoided with a vigilant and responsible owner.

    Life expectancy

    15 to 20 years

    Food

    When it comes to feeding, should focus on a protein-rich diet. So, a high-quality cat food with a high meat and protein content is essential. Especially since balinese cats they are very active and need a lot of energy, a good diet is essential. As an alternative, can feed your balinese on a soft diet, but you should thoroughly familiarize yourself with the subject and also seek advice from a veterinarian, because only with the right composition can the needs of the cat be met in a specific way.

    For sale "Balinese cat"

    If you want to get a "Balinese cat", you should know that they are very affectionate and that these intelligent purebred cats want to keep busy. Do not underestimate the necessary care of the coat.. If you are thinking of buying a Balinese cat, should only be done by a reputable and responsible breeder.

    Responsible breeders ensure that the Balinese cats are raised in a family and are well socialized. It also, if you want to buy a cat of this breed, you should know that good breeders do not place their balinese in new homes before the end of the imprinting period.

    If you want to buy a Balinese cat, do not respond to ads from amateur breeders offering purebred cats for sale without papers. The balinese kittens should only be purchased from an experienced breeder who is a member of a breeding club. Since experienced breeders only sell cats that have been vet checked and are healthy, should expect to pay between 900 and 1100 euros for a balinese kitten.

    If you want to give a new home to a Balinese cat adult, with a bit of luck you can also find it in shelters and animal protection organizations. Also in this case you will have to pay a nominal fee.

    Videos "Balinese cat"

    Siamese Cat VS. Balinese Cat
    Siamese Cat VS. Balinese Cat
    6 things you should know about the Balinese cat
    6 cosas que debes saber sobre el gato Balinés

    Alternative names:

  • Long-haired Siamese
  • Thai Siamese