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Italian Greyhound
Italia FCI 200 . Short-haired Sighthounds

Galgo Italiano

The Italian Greyhound despite being an Italian breed, not widely used in your country.

Content

History

Of ancient origin, the Italian Greyhound He is a descendant of the small sighthounds that were present in the court of the pharaohs of ancient Egypt.

The current breed is believed to have originated in what is now Turkey and Greece.. Although it is not clear if the breed was used as a hunting dog or as a companion dog. (or maybe both), it is clear that he made a strong impression there, to the point that it is represented in many ceramic finds during archaeological excavations.

The breed spread to Italy around the 5th century BC.. Italian Greyhound Remains Found in Pompeii, city รขโ‚ฌโ€นรขโ‚ฌโ€นburied by the eruption of Vesuvius in the year 79 a.C.

There are few traces of this dog until the Middle Ages, when he became the favorite of the nobility. Although the dog was found in most of Mediterranean Europe, was particularly successful in Italy, where its current name comes from. Once again, the artists of the time chose to pay tribute to him: This time, was immortalized in the paintings of the great masters.

Little by little he conquered northern Europe and arrived in Great Britain in the 16th century., where it soon became popular with the nobility, and was even adopted by some sovereigns. His popularity in Europe grew steadily, peaking in the 19th century, but the conflicts of the first half of the 20th century decimated their ranks.

Fortunately, had already crossed the Atlantic to the United States, to the point that the American Kennel Club (AKC) recognized the breed in 1886. Although their number was never very great, it was these American lines that contributed to the post-war revival of the breed. In fact, to reinstate their breeding programs, European breeders (and in particular those of Great Britain) They resorted to importing animals from the United States.

In 1948, the United Kennel Club (UKC) American recognized breed, followed in 1956 by the Fรฉdรฉration Cynologique Internationale (FC). Today, all the main canine associations recognize the Italian Greyhound, o IG, as it is affectionately known by Anglo fans.

Like this, is present all over the world and enjoys a certain popularity, that tends to grow. in your country of origin, each year more than 300 dogs in the Ente Nazionale della Cinofilia Italiana, versus less than 200 at the end of the years 200. In United States, ranks 70 (of 195) among the most popular breeds, according to the number of annual registrations in the AKC. In the United Kingdom, registrations are increasing considerably, going from little more than 200 per year around 2010 twice that figure alone 10 years later. The same upward trend is observed in France, where now more than 450 copies per year in the Livre des Origines Franรงais (LOF), in front of some 200 in the decade of 1990 and principles of 2000. In the news, it is the second most popular sighthound breed in the country, far behind the Whippet.

Physical characteristics

The Italian Greyhound has, as the name reflects, the elegant and distinguished look of a miniature greyhound. In fact, It is the smallest of the sighthounds.

Her slender body is almost perfectly square, its length is equal to its height at the withers. Their slender legs, with a refined bone structure, have well-developed musculature, but not bulky. The tail, carried low in its first half and then curved up, it is also very fine.

The head is long, oblong and narrow, sitting on a long, muscular neck, with a diameter greater than that of the skull, which is flat. Its conical snout ends in a black nose, or at least dark. His big round eyes, very expressive, they are rather dark brown. His little ears, carried high, they have fine cartilage and fold in on themselves. When the dog is on the prowl, stands upright and the lobe is placed in a horizontal position, a position called "pinwheel".

The mantle of Italian Greyhound has no undercoat and consists of short hair, silky and fine that covers the whole body without fringes. The coat can be any shade of black, gray or isabela (a color between beige and yellow). There may be some white markings on the chest and feet.

Last, sexual dimorphism is very mild: males and females are roughly the same size and weight.

Size and weight

▷ Male size: 32 to 38 cm.
▷ female size: 32 to 38 cm.
▷ Male weight: 5 kg
▷ female weight: 5 kg

Character and skills

The Italian Greyhound He is very affectionate with the members of his family. He likes to spend most of his time with them., either playing, walking, lounging next to you or sneaking under the covers for the night. Can tolerate being left alone relatively well when master is working, especially if you know that you will receive affection and attention when you return. On the other hand, You are likely to suffer from separation anxiety if you have to spend a whole weekend away from your family. It is a dog that needs attention, and is able to spend hours with his master on the living room sofa, but also to follow him with curiosity throughout the house.

No matter how close he is to his family, this dog is very shy in the presence of strangers: after barking to signal its presence, runs and hides to watch from a distance how things are going.

Live very well with young people, who are excellent playmates for him: It is a recommended dog for children. But, children must have learned to behave with an animal and be aware that it is not a toy, to avoid any form of abuse. This is especially true since the miniature size of this dog, attached to their fine and brittle bones, means that accidents can happen very quickly. They should also be careful to speak to you in a calm voice., as he would soon be frightened by loud shouts of joy or exaggerated crying. In any case, regardless of race, the interaction between a dog and a young child should always take place under the supervision of an adult.

The sociability of Italian Greyhound spreads to other animals, so living with them is not usually a problem. But, if the Italian Greyhound must share a home with a larger dog, it is important to ensure that the larger dog does not see the Italian Greyhound like prey or disturb him too violently when playing together. It also, this dog likes to chase everything that moves, what could be a source of stress for a small rodent like a mouse, although it is unlikely that it will actually be attacked.

In fact, the Italian Greyhound is an active dog, who likes to run, jump and play, although, of course, this decreases as you get older. Agility is an ideal dog sport to satisfy your need for exercise. But if you don't have access to the outside, quickly find a clue among the living room furniture, that you can use, for example, to run and jump on the highest furniture. It must be said that this dog shares with cats a special fondness for high places, so it is not uncommon to find him frolicking on the kitchen table or bedroom dresser.

But, they can live well in a flat, as long as they have enough space to exercise for at least an hour a day. But, the owner should be aware that they may have cleaning problems, especially if not taken for walks often enough. Thus, it is recommended that you have access to the outdoors, where he can run and relieve himself before returning to the heat of home, in every sense. As it is difficult for him to contain himself when he feels like it, a dog hatch is ideal so that he can go to the garden independently. This also makes it easy for you to sunbathe in the garden whenever you want., since it is one of his favorite activities. But, the garden must not have gaps through which it can slip and must be fenced with a fence of at least 1,5 m high to prevent it from jumping. In any case, an underground electric fence would not be an effective device, since it is not the download received that would make it go back. In fact, his propensity to run after anything that moves means he can take off quickly as soon as he is given the chance. For the same reason, it is recommended to always carry it on a leash when walking. This is all the more true since it can reach speeds of up to 40 km/h, which makes it very difficult to catch it once it has started.

In this regard, remember that, like all sighthounds, the Italian Greyhound has a neck wider than the head, which makes the usual collars ineffective. There are special collars on the market for this type of dog, but a simple harness can also achieve the desired result.

A little manipulative, the Italian Greyhound tends to do what he wants and can easily guide a master who does not know how to teach him the family hierarchy and who allows himself to be touched by his big eyes. However, is an intelligent dog, who generally likes to please his family. They can teach you some tricks and, in general, he loves games that stimulate him both physically and mentally. In particular, does not tire of looking for a ball and loves any activity that involves searching or chasing an object.

His drive makes him capable of getting into difficult situations, especially when he is young. In fact, This reckless little guy doesn't realize how fragile he is, and many representatives of the breed end up with a broken leg after trying to jump from too high a place.

Last, has a much more powerful voice than its small size suggests. Yes indeed, not a big barker, although he does not hesitate to let himself be heard throughout the neighborhood when he perceives an unknown noise.

education

The education of Italian Greyhound should start asap, placing special emphasis on their socialization. In fact, this is important for this relatively shy dog โ€‹โ€‹to get used to people, animals and situations you may face later in life.

Another crucial point in your education is cleanliness.. Your bladder is only as small as your size. So, even with all the goodwill in the world, can't keep it for long. So, it is important to teach him to relieve himself in an agreed place (abroad, If it is possible, or in a litter box inside) and to point out your urgent needs, to be taken into account without delay. But, no homeowner is safe from an accident one day, even with a well-trained adult dog. If this happens, of course, you should avoid punishing your dog, since nothing good will come of it.

Despite your undeniable stubbornness, the training of the Italian Greyhound shouldn't be too difficult: in fact, it is a very suitable breed as a first dog. Positive reinforcement methods are very successful with this breed, who likes to be rewarded for their efforts with treats, encouragement and caresses. On the other hand, traditional dog training techniques do not work well with this dog and are likely to amplify his natural shyness.

On the other hand, even with a good training method and a good coach, you will find it difficult to pay attention for a long time, so it is better to do several short sessions each day than one long session that will bore you and probably not be successful.

Health

The little Italian greyhound is a fairly robust breed, and many of these representatives have more than 15 years.

But, is particularly predisposed to a long list of diseases and conditions:

  • Hip dysplasia and elbow dysplasia, joint problems that can make walking easier or more difficult;
  • Dislocated kneecap, that affects the ball and causes lameness;
  • Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, hip bone deformity often mistaken for dysplasia, what can make arthritis premature if not done in time;
  • Periodontal problems, for example with bleeding gums or even tooth loss;
  • Progressive retinal atrophy, causing breakdown of eye tissue that could lead to vision loss;
  • Alopecia, total or partial hair loss;
  • cryptorchidism, when one of the testicles of a male individual does not descend into its place;
  • The Hypothyroidism, a thyroid gland disorder responsible for excessive weight gain and listless behavior;
  • Epilepsy, a disease caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain that causes seizures;
  • The glaucoma, excessive increase in pressure inside the eye, causing pain and loss of vision;
  • Vitro-retinal degeneration, characterized by deposits on the retina that resemble snowflakes;
  • The portosystemic shunt, when a vein allows blood to bypass the liver. So it no longer leaks, which causes a lot of problems. Surgery is usually prescribed, with a success rate of 85%;
  • Skin cancer, often caused by excessive sun exposure;
  • Von Willebrand disease, causing blood clotting problems.

This breed is also particularly prone to leg fractures., especially in the radius and ulna (Paws). In fact, its fine structure is not as resistant as sometimes seems to be imagined, so much so that his reckless side can often lead to an accident.

It also, this breed seems particularly sensitive to organic phosphate insecticides. So, it is necessary to carefully choose the products used inside the house and / or in the garden.

The Italian Greyhound you may also be allergic to certain anesthetics and barbiturates. This point should be discussed with the veterinarian before any operation..

Finally, with its small size and short fur, It is a canine breed that fears cold and bad weather. If you live outside the house, what is not recommended, need adequate shelter. It also, it is useful to dress him in a dog windbreaker on walks when it rains, or a sweater if the air is cold.

On the other hand, even if you particularly appreciate this, we need to make sure you don't spend too much time in the sun in the summer, because it is quite prone to skin problems. So, it is advisable to keep it in the shade, or at least put on a dog sunscreen.

Life expectancy

Of 13 to 14 years

Grooming

The Italian Greyhound it is a very easy breed to care for.

In fact, its short coat only requires a quick weekly brushing to keep it shiny. They shed very little and do not have a noticeable molting period during which molting might require more regular maintenance..

That is why they are considered a hypoallergenic breed of dog.. Having said that, remember that there is no zero risk: someone allergic to dogs should take the time to check in real conditions that there are no problems with the animal they are considering adopting. But, a dog that sheds very little, as is the case of the Italian greyhound, has an effectively reduced risk of transmitting allergens.

In any case, brushing the dog's hair once a week is usually enough to clean it: unless it has been rolled up in a sticky or smelly substance, it is usually not necessary to bathe him.

To complete this weekly session, you have to check your teeth, eyes and ears and clean them if necessary. Pay special attention to your teeth and gums to check for any inflammation that could be a sign of periodontal disease., since it is a health problem to which it is more prone than other dogs.

Last, check that its claws are not too long, and if they are, you have to cut them, as there is a risk that you will be hindered in your movements and / or hurt. But, this is not necessarily a problem with a very active dog, as natural wear and tear can take care of it.

Food

The Italian Greyhound you have no difficulty choosing your food, and commercial dog food is doing well. So that you receive all the nutrients and vitamins necessary for your good health, food must be of good quality and adapted to their size and age.

It's important to stick to the manufacturer's recommended daily amounts to make sure you don't overeat. If your dog receives treats, especially as part of their training, the corresponding caloric intake should be deducted from your daily allowance to avoid weight gain.

In general, a responsible owner who cares about keeping his dog healthy should monitor his diet and weight by weighing him regularly. If you have a slip, do not wait to correct the situation: in general, just reduce your servings and give you more exercise. If that is not the case, it is advisable to consult a veterinarian to rule out a possible health problem and establish a more appropriate diet.

On the other hand, remember that the Italian Greyhound is a naturally slimmer breed than many others: do not be alarmed by it, or try to remedy it by increasing your diet.

Price ยซSmall Italian Greyhoundยป

The price of a puppy Italian Greyhound round the 1000 EUR.

But, this average price hides a rather large disparity, since the fork goes from 700 to 1.400 EUR. The difference from one subject to another is largely explained by their physical characteristics., more or less close to the norm. Lineage is important too: a puppy whose parents or other ancestors have received honors at various dog shows is bound to fetch a higher price. Sex also influences, as females tend to be slightly more expensive than males.

Characteristics "Italian Greyhound"

Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "Italian Greyhound" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

Adaptation โ“˜

4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

friendly dog โ€‹โ€‹โ“˜

4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

hair loss โ“˜

2,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Affection level โ“˜

5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Need for exercise โ“˜

3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Social need โ“˜

3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Home โ“˜

3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Toilet โ“˜

1,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Friendly with strangers โ“˜

2,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

barking โ“˜

2,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Health โ“˜

3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Territorial โ“˜

4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Cat friendly โ“˜

2,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Intelligence โ“˜

4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Versatility โ“˜

3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Child friendly โ“˜

4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Surveillance โ“˜

3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

joy โ“˜

4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Images "Italian Greyhound"

Photos:

1 – A male of Italian Greyhound by christina, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
2 – A female of Italian Greyhound llamada Sakura by tanakawho, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
3 – Enzo, a Italian Greyhound called Enzo by madaise
4 – Italian Greyhound by Mark Robinson
5 – Italian Greyhound by https://pixabay.com/es/photos/perro-galgo-italiano-lindo-mascota-3810479/
6 – dogs of Italian Greyhound by Italian_Greyhound_Puppies.jpg: Jim or Katie McClartyderivative work: Anka Friedrich, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Videos "Italian Greyhound"


Type and recognitions:

  • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
  • Group :
  • Section : . .

Federations:

  • FCI – Group 10: Section 3: Short-haired Sighthounds โ“˜
  • Standard CCC (Canadian Kennel Club / Canadian Kennel Club)
  • Ente Nazionale della Cinofilia Italiana – โ“˜

FCI breed standard "Italian Greyhound"

Origin:
Italy

Date of publication of the valid original standard:
13.11.2015

Use:

Race dog



General appearance:

Long in appearance, its trunk is inscribed in a square.Despite its small size, it has all the characteristics of a miniature sighthound., the prototype of refinement and elegance. It can be described as a model of grace and distinction.



IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS : Its length is equal, or slightly less than the height at the withers. The length of the skull is equal to half the length of the head. The length of the head can reach the 40% the height at the withers.



Behavior / temperament:

Reserved, affectionate, docile.

Head:

Long and narrow in shape

Cranial region:

flat skull, with the upper axes of the skull and snout parallel.
The length of the skull is equal to half the length of the head which is slightly rounded on the sides. The suborbital region is well chiseled. The muscles of the head should not give a heavy appearance to it.. Marked eyebrow bones. The occiput is not prominent. Medium depression only slightly marked.

  • Depression links (Stop): Very little marked.

facial region:

  • Truffle: dark colored, preferably black; the nostrils are wide open.
  • Snout: Strait.
  • Lips: The edges of the lips have very dark pigmentation, the lips are thin and well contiguous on the jaw.
  • Mandible / Teeth: Elongated jaw, with the incisors well aligned in a circle, strong in relation to the size of the dog. Healthy and complete teeth, implanted at right angles in the jaws, articulated in the form of scissors.
  • Cheeks: Thin.
  • Eyes: Large rounded and expressive placed sub frontally; the eyeball is not even sunken, nor jumpy. The iris is dark in color. The edge of the eyelids has pigmentation.
  • Ears: Very high insertion, small, with thin cartilage. They are folded in on themselves and extend back over the nape of the neck and over the upper part of the neck.. When is the dog alert, the base of the ear is erect and the distal part extends laterally horizontally, as if it were a shed.

Neck:

The nape slightly arched and bulging at the base, towards the cross area. Slightly convex throat line. Length equal to that of the head. Truncated cone shaped, muscular. Thin skin without double chin.

Body:

Its length is equal to or slightly less than the height at the withers.

  • top line: Rectilinear profile, with a dorso-lumbar region slightly arched. The lumbar curvature extends harmoniously into the line of the croup.
  • Cross: Quite steep with the tops of the shoulders placed together.
  • Back: Straight, muscular.
  • Rump: Well inclined, wide and muscular.
  • Breast : Strait solid but elegantly modeled with slight arching of the ribs, deep that goes down to the elbows.
  • Bottom line and belly: Accented arch rising without being abrupt towards the belly.

Tail:

It is low insertion, she is thin, still at the base, gradually decreases to the tip. It appears downward and straight in the first half and then bends at the tip. Stretched it should reach the top of the hock. The hair is satin.

Tips

PREVIOUS MEMBERS:

  • General appearance: Overall good poise, with fine muscles.
  • Shoulder: little oblique, with muscles long, well developed, clearly observable and salient.
  • Forearm: With a wide scapulo-humeral angle and a direction parallel to the median plane of the body. Slightly longer than the scapula.
  • Elbows: No protrusions, or sunk.
  • Arm: Straight, refined bone structure, flat and crisp, length of this, measurement from the floor to the elbow, it barely exceeds that which goes from the elbow to the cross; very light bones; the forearm has a perfect vertical position, both head on, as in profile.
  • Metacarpus: Dried, in profile, it's a little oblique.
  • Front foot: Almost oval in shape, small, with arched and well joined fingers. Non-bulky, pigmented pads. Black or dark nails, depending on the color of the coat or foot, where white is accepted.

LATER MEMBERS:

  • General appearance: Well angled. As a whole, seen from behind, perfect poise.
  • Thigh: Long, delgado, It is not bulky; the muscles are clearly observable.
  • Leg: well oblique, with fine bones and clearly observable leg groove. Slightly longer than the thigh.
  • Metatarsus: Seen from behind it should be parallel.
  • Rear foot: Less oval than the previous one, with arched and well joined fingers; pads not bulky and well pigmented nails, as in previous members.

Movement:

Elastic, harmonious jog somewhat high covering the surface. This means that the forelimbs should be moved forward with good reach with the pasterns rising somewhat inclined.. fast gallop, with spring movements, fast.

Mantle

  • SKIN: Thin and well attached to all regions of the body, except on the elbows, where it is slightly less tense.
  • HAIR: This one is satin and fine, soft over the whole body, without the slightest trace of bangs.
  • COLOR: single color, in black, gray and elizabethan, in all possible shades. White is accepted only on the parapet and on the feet..


Size and weight:

  • Height to the cross: Males and females : of 32 to 38 cm..
  • Weight: Males and females : a maximum of 5 kg.


Fouls:

Any deviation from the aforementioned criteria is considered as a fault and the severity of this is considered to the degree of the deviation to the standard and its consequences on the health and well-being of the dog..

  • Permanent amble.
  • elevated movements.
  • Movement near the ground with short steps.

FALTAS DESCALIFICANTES

  • Aggressive or fearful dog.
  • Any dog โ€‹โ€‹showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities must be disqualified..
  • Marked convergence or divergence of the craniofacial axes.
  • Total or half depigmentation of the truffle.
  • Concave or convex nasal bridge.
  • Upper or lower prognathism.
  • Eyes gazeos; total depigmentation of the edges of the eyelids.
  • Tail raised over the back; absence of tail or very short tail, whether congenital or by artificial means.
  • Multicolored fur; white hair in other places that are not indicated by the standard.
  • Size less than 32 cm or more 38 cm., both in males, as in females.

MISS PLAYOFFS (not fit to create)

  • Prognathic bite
  • Unilateral cryptorchidism


N.B.:

Males should have two normal-appearing testicles fully descended into the scrotum..
The latest changes are in bold.

Source: F.C.I - International Cynological Federation

Alternative names:

1. (Italian: Piccolo levriero Italiano), Italian Sighthound (English).
2. Petit lรฉvrier italien (French).
3. Italian Greyhound (German).
4. (em italiano: Piccolo levriero italiano), Piccolo levriero italiano (Portuguese).
5. Piccolo, Galgo Italiano, Lebrel italiano (espaรฑol).

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Maltese
Italia FCI 65 . Bichons

The Maltese is very sensitive, and you prefer a home that is stable.

Bichรณn Maltรฉs

Content

Characteristics "Maltese"

Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "Maltese" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

Adaptation โ“˜

5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

friendly dog โ€‹โ€‹โ“˜

5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

hair loss โ“˜

1,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Affection level โ“˜

5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Need for exercise โ“˜

1,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Social need โ“˜

5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Home โ“˜

5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Toilet โ“˜

5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Friendly with strangers โ“˜

5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

barking โ“˜

5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Health โ“˜

3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Territorial โ“˜

4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Cat friendly โ“˜

5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Intelligence โ“˜

5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Versatility โ“˜

3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Child friendly โ“˜

1,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Surveillance โ“˜

3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

joy โ“˜

4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

History

The Maltese It is a canine breed that has existed since ancient times and was already widespread in Mediterranean cultures.. But, contrary to what its name might suggest, its exact origin remains uncertain, but it seems to come from one of the countries of the Mediterranean basin. Along its history, it has been given many names, as Melitae Dog, Ye Ancient Dogge of Malta or Maltese Lion Dog. But, Today it is mainly known as Maltese or Maltese dog.

Archaeological finds tend to confirm that the Maltese it even existed in ancient egypt. In fact, in a tomb dating from the reign of Ramses II (1304 a.C. to 1214 a.C.) a statuette was found representing a dog that looks like him in everything. So, we can assume that the Egyptians considered it a sacred animal.

Maybe because, like Europeans later, they thought it was capable of curing diseases, or at least they discovered that he was able to calm the sick by snuggling up next to them.

They weren't the only ones who honored him, since the Greeks also built graves for their deceased dogs. The dog was also found in ancient Greece, to the point that the famous philosopher Aristotle (384 a.C. – 322 a.C.) mentioned it in his zoological work History of animals. He mentioned a breed of small dog that he called in Latin canes melitenses, What does "Maltese dog" mean?.

Before the beginning of the Christian era, Maltese was also very popular with the Romans. Many noblewomen owned one and never went out without it.. They wore it on the bodice or sleeve, as a jewel or an accessory. This trend continued well beyond ancient Rome.

In the 1st century, Roman Emperor Claudius (10 a.C. – 54 d.C.) he was probably the most famous Maltese owner. Regarding St. Publius (33 d.C. – 112 d.C.), Roman governor of Malta who owned a Maltese named Issa, asked the poet Marcial to write a eulogy for his dog, what he did in his Epigrams collection.

The Maltese came to the British Isles during the reign of Henry VIII (1491-1547), and there he also became very popular among the upper classes, especially among women, who used him as a companion and lap dog. It was appreciated for its beauty, while its small size allowed them to easily carry it on their blouses. It was especially adopted by Queen Elizabeth I (1533-1603).

Although it survived many wars and conflicts over the years, the breed was about to disappear around the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, after unfortunate attempts to miniaturize it to the maximum. To save her it was necessary to cross with the Poodle, Small Spaniels and Asian Miniature Dogs.

Despite its success and presence in many countries, the breed was not introduced to North America until the 19th century. However, one of its representatives (white) was present at the first dog show in the history of the United States, the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show, which was held for the first time in 1877. There it was shown with the name of Maltese Lion Dog.

The breed was soon recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC), already in 1888. But, was not up 1948, 60 years later, when the other most important canine organization in the country, el United Kennel Club (UKC), he did the same. But, American organizations were more active than the Fรฉdรฉration Cynologique Internationale (FCI), who waited until 1955 to recognize the Maltese.

Physical characteristics

They weigh between 1,8 and 4 kg. Being the maximum weight in adulthood of 3 kg in females and 4 kg in males. Its height is of 20 to 25,5 cm., and they have a compact body.

The Maltese it is a small dog with a noble and elegant appearance, and a fluid and graceful walk.

Your body is well proportioned, his chest is quite deep and his ribs are well sprung.

Like other Spitz breeds, its tail curves between the hips until it touches the rump. Carries high and can be curved sideways.

The head is proportional to the size of the body. The skull is slightly rounded and quite wide between the ears. The ears are set low and triangular in shape. The eyes are round and dark brown, with a soft but alert look. The eyelids conform to the eyeball and are pigmented black. The muzzle is fine, average length, and ends in a black nose.

The coat of the Maltese It is thick, shiny and silky. No undercoat, but a layer of long straight hair all over the body, no waves or curls. On the sides, hangs to the ground, which almost gives the impression that the dog is floating.

The fur is white, but a shade of ivory and lemon strokes are allowed. Until the end of the 19th century, it was even possible to use other coat colors. But, at that time, all colors other than solid white were deprecated, so breeders focused solely on individuals with white fur.

As they have no undercoat and shed relatively little, Maltese are often considered a hypoallergenic breed. Although none of them are hypoallergenic, they are usually well tolerated by people allergic to dogs. However, This does not exempt any potential adopter who suffers from this allergy from carrying out a test in real conditions before taking the step..

Last, sexual dimorphism is not very pronounced in this breed: males and females are about the same size.

Some breeders offer the Maltese miniature, whose weight is around 2 kg, or even less. These dogs not only don't conform to the breed standard, Rather, this extreme miniaturization is often accompanied by genetic problems and, in general, health risks. So, you better stay away from them.

In comparison to the Yorkshire Terrier or the Chihuahua, the Maltese you are not as likely to have fingernails or other diseases that can shorten your life.

Popularity

Still today, the Maltese it is still very popular and is present all over the world.

In United States, is around the post 30 (out of a total of 195) in the breed ranking established by the American Kennel Club (AKC) according to the number of births registered each year in the organization. But, this marks a steady decline from, at least, early 21st century, when I was about the twentieth position.

At the same time, on the other hand, has greatly increased its popularity in the UK: while in the middle of the decade of 2000 there were some 400-500 Annual Kennel Club Enrollments, This figure is around the 1100, and has been fairly stable since 2012.

The situation is different in France, since the number of annual entries in the French Origin Book (LOF) almost never stopped increasing for at least half a century. He was in his early twenties 70, a quarantine at the end of this decade, and then multiplied by ten during the 80, until exceeding 400. The trend continued over the years 90, until it stabilized around the 600 at the end of the decade and, Therefore, at the beginning of the 21st century. This trend continued until the decade of 2010, characterized by an increase in 50%, ending with more than 900 births per year.

In Switzerland, it is the 13th most popular breed in the country. There are more than 7000 people registered in the Swiss Amicus database.

Did you know??

The sweet little one Maltese dog is the favorite of celebrities, including Halle Berry, Heather Locklear y Eva Longoria. Could it be because they are so adorable in photographs? We think so.

Character and skills

"Maltese"

Kind, loving and affectionate with their masters, the Maltese he is also very attentive to his emotions, and is able to comfort them in difficult times. He is very active and maintains a youthful spirit all his life..

Your attachment to family is so strong that it can be problematic if you are alone too often or for too long. In fact, does not tolerate loneliness well and, therefore, you are likely to suffer from separation anxiety in such circumstances, what can drive, for example, destructive behavior or incessant barking. So, not suitable for a teacher who spends most of his days away from home.

Have him share his home with another dog or with a representative of another species (cat, rodent, bird…) it is a good way to help you better cope with the absences of your masters. But, this is only possible if you have grown up together or if you are used to living with other animals since childhood. In fact, in the event that another animal comes one day to your family, they are likely to be jealous and do not appreciate having to share their master's attention with another animal. In any case, given its small size, it is not advisable to make him live with a large congener, since it could inadvertently hurt you, for example just playing with him.

Its small size and fragile bone structure also explain why it is not recommended to live with young children.. In fact, the latter are quick to have too abrupt gestures towards him, especially during playtime, and could inadvertently hurt you. It also, even if it's not like that, may become scared and overwhelmed when faced with young children who are moving around a lot and making noise, which could cause inappropriate reactions on your part. In any case, a small child should never be left alone with a dog without adult supervision, regardless of race.

Not content with being around family members, the Maltese he's kind to strangers too, as long as I see there is nothing to fear from them. But, this does not prevent you from barking when you perceive a threat or a stranger approaching your home, which makes him a very good alert dog.

The Maltese's need for exercise is very moderate, making it a good breed for older people. Half an hour of activity a day is more than enough, for example, two or three short walks a day and / or small play sessions. But, he also likes dog sports like agility, obedience and rally, but its resistance is limited. In any case, he is always delighted to discover new things and learn new tricks.

As soon as you exercise enough, is quiet, able to adapt to any living space, and is delighted to spend long periods of time with his master, receiving pampering. It is therefore a breed of dog adapted to apartment living., who can be happy both in the city and in the country, in a big house with a garden. But, not made to spend most of the time outside. This is especially true in winter, since its lack of undercoat makes it sensitive to cold. But also the rest of the year, because its small size can make it prey for potential predators (birds Raptors, foxes…), plus the risk of it being stolen by malicious people. In any case, it is not about relegating it abroad, away from his family: accustomed for centuries to living in the heart of homes and loving to be the center of attention, you need to live and interact with your family to be happy and balanced.

Observations

Unlike other dogs the Maltese need little physical activity, What are good candidates for older people. Hunting mice, and they keep them away from the House.

Taking them for a walk would also serve to make them sociable since they do not require much exercise, adults should keep the weight and the best way to do this is by controlling what you eat and taking them for a walk. We must pay attention to the hair, and the help of a dog hairdresser may be required from time to time. You must be careful with approaching other dogs that are very nervous and are uncontrollable.

They can make stunts, How to keep standing on their hind legs for several minutes. Although perfectly adapted to living in apartments for its small size and domestic, love to walk in the open air. To be a difficult race, about all when they are puppies, they require many care. It is recommended to feed with feed, and though loves food human should never be given chocolate, It is highly deadly to this race.

Education

Like any dog, the socialization of Maltese must start at a very young age, period during which it is more malleable and adaptable. It is advisable to make you know as many different individuals and animals as possible, as well as exposing him to all kinds of situations and environments. This is essential for it to be an animal with a good head and serenity in all circumstances..

At the same time, given the very strong level of attachment to their humans that characterizes this breed, teaching the puppy to endure loneliness is part of the priorities of their education, to avoid that the absences of their masters suppose a later problem.

The Maltese he is smart and likes to please his owners. But, sometimes he is stubborn, which can complicate the learning sessions a bit. Ideally, opt for the positive reinforcement training method, since they are not receptive to reprimands and respond much better to stimuli and treats. But, it is important not to abuse the treats or discount them from your dog's daily intake to avoid weight gain.

In any case, you can't miss inappropriate behavior (grunts, barking, aggressiveness, refusal to obey…) when he is young, with the argument that it is small, beautiful and harmless. This would be the best way to make him develop "small dog syndrome", that is to say, get used to doing what you want in any circumstance, and become dominant, aggressive and difficult to live with. So, its owner must be firm from the start and make sure to establish - and enforce- clear rules, long-term constant and applied uniformly by all household members.

Health

The Maltese they are generally robust and healthy dogs.

But, due in particular to the absence of an undercoat, it is particularly sensitive to cold and humidity. When temperatures are cold, should be covered with adog coat.In any case, you are not meant to live in an area where the weather is cold for much of the year.

It also, of course, not completely free from health problems, many of which are common to other small breeds.The conditions to which you are predisposed are:

  • The Hip Dysplasia, joint malformation whose appearance can be enhanced by a hereditary predisposition, produces pain and lameness in the hips and causes the appearance ofosteoarthritiswhen the animal gets old;
  • The dislocation of the patella (or dislocation of the patella), common in dogs. It occurs when the kneecap moves in or out of the knee and can cause pain or lameness of varying degrees of severity. In the most severe cases, an operation is necessary;
  • The tracheal collapse, a respiratory disease that mainly affectssmall dogsand corresponds to a reduction in the diameter of the trachea. The most common sign is a dry and chronic cough, but it can also cause great shortness of breath. If necessary, it may be necessary to place a prosthesis;
  • The cryptorchidism, often a hereditary defect that prevents the animal's testicles from descending into the scrotum. The only solution then is to remove them surgically to avoid further complications, which leads to the sterilization of the animal;
  • Congenital portosystemic derivation, a vascular abnormality that can cause growth retardation, weight loss or even neurological problems and / or digestive.In some people, the symptoms are subtle, which makes the diagnosis of the disease later. This pathology, whose cause may be hereditary, can be cured by surgical intervention;
  • Hydrocephalus, a disease of nervous system in dogs.Symptoms vary from individual to individual (bulging head, growth retardation, nervous disorders, etc.), but the vital prognosis is never very good;
  • shaking dog syndrome, a disease that mainly affects small dogs in white coats. It consists of inflammation of the cerebellum and causes attacks of involuntary tremors throughout the body and lack of coordination. The symptoms usually begin to appear between the 9 months and 2 years and can be reduced, or even disappear, with drug treatment;
  • Hypoglycemia, which mainly affects diabetics and corresponds to a significant decrease in blood glucose level. The symptoms of the problem are loss of appetite, lethargic state, tremors and unsteady gait, in the most severe cases, can lead to coma and then death of the animal, if you are not given sugar one way or another;
  • The Cushing's disease, a hormonal disease whose most common clinical signs include increased appetite, thirst and amount of urine produced, muscle atrophy or the appearance ofalopecia;
  • The gradual retention atrophy, an incurable inherited disease that consistently affects both eyes at the same time, causing retinal degeneration and progressive loss of vision, at night and then day;
  • The glaucoma, an eye disease that can be inherited and causes degeneration of the optic nerve and retina due to abnormally high pressure in the eye. This painful pathology for the animal rapidly evolves into total or partial loss of sight, unless it is attended urgently;
  • The waterfall, It mainly affects the elderly and is a clouding of the lens Causes vision disturbances, up to total loss of sight if uncontrolled, only an operation can allow the animal to regain good vision;
  • The otitis, frequent inflammation indogs with floppy ears.

It also, the Maltese is easily susceptible to obesity, that can cause or aggravate many existing pathologies, and therefore have a very negative impact on your health. This is all the more true as it constitutes a vicious circle., because an overweight dog becomes less active and, Therefore, being overweight tends to increase.

Finally, even if it is not strictly speaking a disease, is also subject to reverse sneezing (or reverse sneezing).This is manifested by short-lived seizures during which you make loud noises when you inhale that may give the impression that you are choking. Seizures are usually rare and harmless., if they repeat too often, a veterinarian should be consulted to confirm that it is not another condition.

Although the list of diseases the breed is predisposed to can be terrifying, It must be taken into account that its prevalence is low and that most people lead perfectly healthy lives. This is also confirmed by a study carried out in 2004 by the Kennel Club and the British Association of Small Animal Veterinarians, as old age was found to be the leading cause of death in this breed, on a par with cancer. Cardiac causes rank third and together account for more than half of the observed deaths.

The number of diseases to which the breed is predisposed that are or may be hereditary, choosing acreator of Malteseshould not be left to chance: directly influences the probability of obtaining a healthy animal and that it continues to be so., in addition to ensuring thepuppy socialization from its first weeks, A serious breeder refrains from reproducing an individual capable of transmitting a hereditary affection to all or part of his offspring., must be able to present the results of DNA tests performed to parents (and possibly the young) and that they demonstrate that they are free from hereditary defects., it is better not to take unnecessary risks and turn to another breeder., You must also provide a certificate of good health established by a veterinarian as well as details of the vaccinations received, recorded in the puppy's health or vaccination registry.

Later, it is strongly recommended not to make him make prolonged or excessively intense physical efforts during his growth, period when your bones and joints are still very fragile. You would risk injury or malformations, potentially with lifelong consequences. This is even more important because you are predisposed to various joint problems:dislocation of the patella,Hip Dysplasia,etc.

Finally, like any dog, should be taken at least once a year to the vet for a complete checkup, that sometimes you can detect a problem that is still embryonic and treat it as best as possible.It is also an opportunity to perform the necessary booster injections.. At the same time, to prevent the risk of parasites and the multiple diseases that accompany them, your teacher should make sure to renew your deworming treatments throughout the year, whenever necessary.

Life expectancy

15 years

Grooming

The coat of the Maltese requires a lot of daily care. In fact, to avoid knots and keep it clean and shiny, it is advisable to brush it every day with a special brush or glove and use a detangling and revitalizing spray. But, the absence of undercoat means that it is not subject to seasonal shedding and that it loses very little.

The length of her hair makes dirt build up easily, so it tends to quickly give off bad odors. To remedy it, it is necessary to wash it on average once a month. But, you must not go any further: excessive frequency could harm the balance of your skin, by eliminating the sebum that it produces naturally and that protects it from skin problems. It also, systematically use a shampoo specially designed for dogs, also with the risk of damaging your skin, and avoid wetting the inside of your ears, as they are especially prone to ear infections and other infections.

It is also recommended not to let the hair air dry, but clean it directly with a towel after bathing, so that its coat is beautiful once dry.

It also, to avoid being embarrassed by the length of your hair at eye level, it may be a good idea to tie it at the top of the head with a small elastic band or a hair clip.

So that daily detangling is less heavy, It may also be a good idea to take your dog to a professional groomer every one to two months for a short haircut., or do it yourself, for the most skilled. Helps keep the coat neat, prevents dirt from accumulating on the hair and prevents bad odors, common when the coat is long.

It also, hair between the pads and around the ears and eyes should be trimmed once a month to reduce the risk of infection caused by any small plants or spikes that may be stuck in the fur.

You also have to pay special attention to their droopy ears., since this morphological characteristic increases the risk of infections at this level (otitis, etc.). So, they must be inspected and cleaned once a week, and get into the habit every time they get wet or moisture builds up on them.

The weekly maintenance of your ears is also an opportunity to check that there are no tear stains at the corner of your eyes., due to a blocked tear ducts, a very common problem in Maltese. Then, just clean them with a special lotion or with a cotton pad soaked in physiological serum, and then gently wipe them with a cloth. In case of constant and / or continuous discharge, a veterinarian should be consulted.

Looking at your teeth, they must be cleaned with a dog toothpaste at least once a week, using a toothbrush or finger bowl. This routine is important to prevent tartar buildup and the problems it can cause: bad breath, diseases, etc. The ideal for optimal oral health is even to do it several times a week, or even every day.

Utility

The Maltese It is one of the oldest companion dog breeds in the world., fulfilling this function since ancient times. Her beautiful fur, its small size, his friendly temperament and the fact that he is a very calm breed of dog made him a very popular companion for women of high society, as well as many historical figures, both in antiquity and in Renaissance Europe and subsequent centuries. He even had a reputation for healing the sick., or at least alleviate them. In other words, the important place he occupied in his master's life was not new.

In fact, things haven't changed much nowadays, since they are mainly used as companion dogs. But, needs their owners to be present enough by their side on a daily basis, in addition to having time to dedicate to its maintenance.

They are often recommended for people with allergies to dogs, since their lack of undercoat and their moderate shedding make them a fairly hypoallergenic companion. But, keep in mind that no race is 100% hypoallergenic, since all dogs produce dandruff, and there may be quite noticeable differences between individuals, even within the same litter. So, Anyone who suffers from this type of allergy and wishes to adopt a Maltese must first spend a few hours with the proposed animal, to make sure no allergic reaction occurs.

It also, its small size, its shiny white fur, his elegance and graceful gait make the Maltese a must-have in beauty pageants, where he wins prizes very often. But, if you want to expose your dog to a dog show, you better have plenty of time for grooming sessions, since the maintenance of the Maltese coat for this type of event can be time consuming.

Perhaps a more enjoyable way to spend time with him is to train him in various dog sports. In fact, his desire to please his master and his liveliness make him a good competitor in agility competitions, obedience, rally and crawl.

Last, your kindness and kindness, as well as his cheerful and attentive character, make it sometimes used as a therapy dog, since his temperament facilitates contact with the sick.

Price

The price of a puppy Maltese varies between the 650 and 2500 EUR, being the average of about 1600 EUR, without great differences between males and females. Whether in Europe, It is not very difficult to find a Maltese breeder, because they are numerous.

In United States, the offer is wide and the price is similar. You just have to make sure you respect the regulations regarding the importation of a dog from abroad, and keep in mind that transportation costs and administrative fees are added to the purchase price.

Whatever the place, the price difference from one individual to another is explained, in particular, by the greater or lesser conformity of each with the breed standard. The kennel's prestige also comes into play, as well as the lineage from which they descend.

ยซMalteseยป images

Videos ยซMaltese Bichonยป

Type and recognitions:

  • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
  • Group :
  • Section : . .

Federations:

  • FCI – Group 9 Section 1 โ“˜
  • AKC – Toy Group โ“˜, ANKC โ“˜
  • ANKC Group 1 (Toys) โ“˜
  • CKC – Group 5 – Toys โ“˜
  • โ€‹KC – Toy โ“˜
  • NZKC – Toy โ“˜
  • UKC – Company โ“˜

FCI breed standard "Maltese"

Origin:
Italy

Date of publication of the valid original standard:
27.11.1989

Use:

Companion dog.



General appearance:

Small in size and elongated trunk. It is covered with very long white hair. He is very elegant and his head posture is haughty and distinguished..

important proportions:

The length of the trunk exceeds by 38% the height at the withers. The length of the head is equal to 6/11 the height at the withers.



Behavior / temperament:

Alert, affectionate, very docile and very intelligent.

Head:

Its length is equal to 6/11 the height at the withers. It is very wide and its width barely exceeds half of its length..

Cranial region:
  • Skull: Its length is slightly longer than that of the snout; the bizygomatic width is equal to its length, and consequently greater than half the length of the head. Seen from above it is slightly ovoid in shape; the top of the skull is flat, with a very little marked occipital process. The protuberances of the frontal bones and eyebrows are well developed. The frontal sulcus is not visible, since it is little marked. The lateral faces are slightly convex.
  • Depression links (Stop) : Very marked, forming an angle of 90ยฐ.

facial region:

Truffle: It is located in the extension of the nasal cannula and, profile view, its front face is vertical. It is voluminous, with nostrils wide open; It is rounded in shape and its color is strictly black.

  • Snout: Its length is equal to 4/11 of head length; is therefore slightly less than half. Sub-orbital regions are well delineated. Its height is less than the length by a little more 20%. Side faces are parallel, but the snout, seen from the front, It shouldn't look square., since the anterior face is linked to the lateral faces in a series of curves. The nasal cannula is rectilinear, with well-marked grooves in its central part.
  • Lips: Seen from the front, the upper lip forms a very open arch where it joins. It is not very high, and so the commissure is not visible. The upper lip adapts perfectly to the lower lip, such that the lower profile of the snout is defined by the jaw. The edges of the lips are strictly black.
  • Jaws: Normally developed and thin in appearance; They are perfectly adjusted. The jaw, whose branches are rectilinear, It's not even prominent, nor elusive in the previous part.
  • Teeth: The arches are perfectly adjusted and the incisors have a scissor joint.. The teeth are white; the teeth are well developed and complete.
  • Eyes: Open, alert expression, larger than normal; the eyelid aperture resembles a circle. The eyelids are tightly attached to the eyeball, which is not sunken but rather protruding. The eyes are located on the same almost frontal plane, They are dark ocher in color and the edges of the eyelids are black. Seen from the front, the sclera should not be visible.
  • Ears: They are almost triangular in shape, Its width represents around 1/3 its length. They are implanted high above the zygomatic arch. They are not very erect, hanging and touching the lateral faces of the skull.

Neck:

Although it is covered with abundant hair, the demarcation with the nape of the neck is clearly visible. The upper profile is arched. Its length represents about half the height at the withers.. It is erect and your skin is not flaccid.

Body:

Its longitude, Measured from the tip of the shoulder to the tip of the buttock, exceeds in a 38% the height at the withers.

  • top line: It is rectilinear until the implantation of the tail.
  • Cross: It protrudes slightly from the line of the back.
  • Back: Its length comprises around 65% the height at the withers.
  • Rump: In the extension of the dorso-lumbar line, the rump is very wide and long; Its obliquity is 10ยฐ below the horizontal.
  • Breast : The thorax is broad and descends below the line of the elbows; the ribs are not too tight. The thoracic perimeter exceeds 2/3 the height at the withers. The region of the sternum is well elongated.

Tail:

It is located in the extension of the rump, It is thick at the root and thin at the tip. Its length corresponds to 60% the height at the withers. It forms a single large curve whose tip falls between the haunches touching the rump. Tail that bends over one side of the body is tolerated.

Tips

  • Former members : Taken together, They are well applied to the body and are well poised.
  • Scapula: Its length represents 1/3 of the height at the withers and its obliquity below the horizontal is 60 to 65 degrees. Relative to the median plane of the body, approaches the vertical.
  • Arm: It is longer than the shoulder, includes between 40 to 45% the height at the withers; Its obliquity below the horizontal is 70%. It is well applied to the body in its upper two-thirds and its longitudinal direction is almost parallel to the median plane of the body..
  • Elbows: They are parallel to the median plane of the body.
  • Forearm: He is thin and has little visible muscle; However, the bones are rather robust in relation to the size of the breed.. It is less long than the arm and measures 33% the height at the withers. His height, Measured from the floor to the tip of the elbow, comprises around 55% the height at the withers.
  • Carpo: It is located in the vertical axis of the forearm; has great mobility; It does not have knots and is covered by a thin skin.
  • Metacarpus: It has the same characteristics of the carpus and, due to its short length, es vertical.
  • Previous foot: It is rounded, with toes well arched and together; center pad and digital pads are black; the nails are also black, or at least a dark color.
  • Later members : Seen in conjunction, They have robust bones and are parallel to each other. Seen from the back, They are vertical from the tip of the gluteus to the floor.
  • Thigh: Its bones are robust and its posterior edge is convex.. It is parallel to the median plane of the body; its direction from top to bottom and from back to front is somewhat oblique in relation to the vertical. Its length reaches about 40% from the height to the withers and its width is a little less than its length.
  • Leg: The groove is barely visible; Its obliquity below the horizontal is 55ยฐ. The leg is slightly longer than the thigh.
  • Hock: Its anterior angle is 140ยฐ.
  • Metatarsus: The distance from the floor to the tip of the tibiotarsal joint is slightly greater than 1/3 the height at the withers. Its length corresponds to the height of the hock. The metatarsus has perfect poise.
  • Rear foot: It is rounded like the previous one and has the same characteristics.

Movement:

Uniform, skimming the ground, executed with ease; during trotting the steps are short and fast.

Mantle

Skin : It is well attached to the entire body; It has dark, wine-red spots, especially on the back.. The edge of the eyelids, the third eyelid and the edge of the lips are black.

open the trunk, of which the configuration continues without opening, nor form locks. Tufts on the forelimbs are allowed, from elbow to foot, and on the hind limbs, from knee to foot. There is no inner coat of hairs. The hair on the head is very long, both on the snout, where it mixes with the beard, like on the skull, where it falls until it mixes with that of the ears. Tail hair falls on only one side of the body, that is, on the flank and on the thigh, and it is so long that it reaches the hock.

  • Color : Pure white. pale ivory is allowed. Pale orange tones are allowed on condition that they give the impression of being spots.. This, However, is not desirable and constitutes an imperfection.


  • Size and weight:

    • Height to the cross: Of 21 to 25 cm in males. Of 20 to 23 cm in females.
    • Weight: Of 3 to 4 kg.


    Fouls:

    Any deviation from the aforementioned criteria is considered as lack and the seriousness of it is considered to the degree of deviation to the standard and its impact on health and welfare of the dog.

    • Bilateral strabismus.
    • Trunk length, that exceeds 43% the height at the withers.

    serious fouls

    • Visibly bulging nasal passage.
    • Marked underbite, if it alters the external appearance of the snout.
    • Size larger than 26 cm., and less than 19 cm in males, and higher than 25 cm., and less than 18 cm in females.

    ELIMINATING fAULTS

    • Marked divergence or convergence of the craniofacial axes.
    • Total depigmentation of the nose, or truffle of another color other than black.
    • Upper prognathism.
    • Eyes gazeos.
    • Total depigmentation of the eyelids.
    • Anurismo; brachyurism, so much congenital, as artificial.
    • Curly hair.
    • Any color other than white, except pale ivory.
    • Spots of different colors, regardless of its extension.

    Any dog โ€‹โ€‹showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities should be disqualified..



    N.B.:

    Males should have two normal-appearing testicles fully descended into the scrotum..

    Source: F.C.I - International Cynological Federation

    Alternative names:

    1. Maltese, Sleeve Dog (English).
    2. Bichon maltais (French).
    3. Malteser (German).
    4. Maltรชs, bichon maltรชs (Portuguese).
    5. Bichรณn maltรฉs, Maltaise, Couton, Mini Maltรฉs, Pulguis (espaรฑol).

    โ–ท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

    Bolognese
    Italia FCI 196 . Bichons

    Hair texture Bolognese It is the wool one and should never be cut or trimmed

    Bichรณn Boloรฑรฉs

    Content

    Characteristics "Bolognese"

    Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "Bolognese" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

    Adaptation โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    friendly dog โ€‹โ€‹โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    hair loss โ“˜

    1,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Affection level โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Need for exercise โ“˜

    2,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Social need โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Home โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Toilet โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Friendly with strangers โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    barking โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Health โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Territorial โ“˜

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Cat friendly โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Intelligence โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Versatility โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Child friendly โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Surveillance โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    joy โ“˜

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    History ยซBichon Bologneseยป

    Small dog breed, original of Italy. Its name refers to his hometown, Bologna, located north of Italy.

    According to dog literature, It is believed that the Bolognese descends from different types of dogs bichon South Italy, and its existence dates back to the 11th or 12th century. Similar to the Bichon Frise, became popular as a companion dog among the royal courts and the nobility of Spain, as well as in other parts of Europe since the 19th century 16 until the early nineteenth century.

    The Francia appear among the most appreciated gifts that were made for a time by the powerful of this world. Cosimo (1389 – 1464) It took no less than eight to Brussels as gifts to different Belgian nobles. Philip II, King Spain from 1556 to 1598, After receiving two, as a gift Duke of This, thanked him in writing, saying "that these two little dogs are the most royal gifts that can be given to an emperor". Bolognese breed is represented in paintings Titian, of Pierre Breughel and Goya.

    The Bolognese It was recognized in 1989 by the Federation Cynologique Internationale as race number 196 in the Group 9: Companion and Toy Dogs, Section 1.1 Bichons.

    Physical Characteristics Bichon Bolognese

    White small dog, compact, classified as a companion dog and with a unique distinctive in the Bichons: their coat entirely white and without layers. The eyes are large and dark, as the nose. Height Bolognese varies between 25 and 30 cm.. The weight can vary between 4 and 5 kg.

    Did you know??

    You may have heard that dogs' non-shedding coats make them a "non-allergenic" breed., but this is not true. It is the dog dander – skin flakes – what triggers allergic reactions, no fur. The coat that is not descaled means less dander in the environment and sometimes less allergic reactions. But they still produce dandruff, and can cause an allergic reaction.

    The unique distinctive coat (that is to say, without layer) It falls in loose and open throughout the body curls, with shorter hair on the face. The texture of the hair is of wool and should never be cut off or cut. The Bolognese sheds very little hair, but requires regular hairdo.

    Each hair grows from a hair follicle, It has a cycle of growth, and then die and are replaced by another follicle. When the follicle dies, the hair falls out. The length of time of the culture cycle and shedding varies with age and other factors.. Frequent brushing and bathing, to keep the Bolognese at its best, is essential.

    Character and skills Bolognese

    These dogs are very smart and love the company of people, but they are often very reserved with strangers. Although it may not seem like it, they have a very sharp ear., in general, they only bark when they hear strange noises. Usually, they are less active than the Bichรณn Frise, However, is a cheerful and friendly breed.

    Develops a close bond with its owner.

    To be intelligent, it is easy to train, and eager to please, making it an ideal companion dog for the family, Although initially it may be something reserved with strangers. They are good with children. Their life expectancy is 12 to 14 years.

    Education

    The education of Bolognese not particularly difficult, because he is a calm dog, obedient and intelligent by nature. But, do not let yourself be softened by his cuddly side and by his ability to enchant with his tender and amazed gaze, because he would quickly put his little world in his pocket and turn situations in his favor.

    Like this, a firm but gentle education, as well as a well-cared socialization, contribute significantly to the flourishing of the Bolognese.

    Health

    The Bolognese he is a robust dog, with a good life expectancy, since it is situated in an average between 12 and 14 years. But, may suffer from certain disorders of the musculoskeletal system, such as patella luxation, or inherited eye disorders, like distichiasis.

    Grooming

    Despite what its abundant fur might suggest, the Bolognese little mute. It also, their annual molts, in spring and autumn, they are weak. On the other hand, to keep the pure white of their fur, requires regular and careful maintenance.

    The coat of the Bolognese should never be cut, but to brush impeccably two or three times a week. Your hair should be detangled with a comb or a stiff brush, insisting above all behind the ears and legs, as well as in the womb, to counteract the formation of knots, especially in the molting period.

    It also, to avoid brown spots in the hair around the eyes of the Bolognese, it is advisable to clean them regularly with a saline solution.

    It also, to prevent ear infections, it is important to remove the hair from the inside of the ears with tweezers.

    Last, it is recommended to bathe the dog every two or three months with a special shampoo for white dogs.

    Images ยซBichon Bologneseยป

    โ€œBolognese Bichonโ€ Videos

    Type and recognitions:

    • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
    • Group :
    • Section : . .

    Federations:

    • FCI – Group 9 Section 1 โ“˜
    • AKC – Toy Group โ“˜, ANKC โ“˜
    • โ€‹KC – Toy โ“˜

    FCI breed standard "Bolognese"

    Origin:
    Italy

    Date of publication of the valid original standard:
    13.11.2015

    Use:

    Companion dog



    General appearance:

    Small size, with the trunk collected and compact, covered in pure white hair, long and steamy.

    important proportions

    His body tends to be a square, in such a way that the length of the trunk is equal to the size (height to the cross).



    Behavior / temperament:

    It is very serious and, in general, quiet. Is brave, docile, very attached to his master and his environment.

    Head:

    Medium length, reaches 1/3 the height at the withers. Its breadth, measured at the level of the zygomatic arches, equals its length.

    Cranial region:
    • Skull: It is slightly ovoid in shape following the sagittal plane, and it's rather flat at the top; surfaces are somewhat convex; the bumps on the frontal bones are well developed. The longitudinal axes of the skull and muzzle are parallel; the frontal sulcus is little accentuated and the occipital protuberance little marked. The length of the skull is slightly greater than that of the muzzle.
    • Depression front naso (Stop): Quite steep.

    facial region:

    • Truffle: On the same line as the snout and, profile view, its front face is on the vertical. It is bulky and must be black..
    • Snout: Its length is equal to 2/5 of head length; the snout is rectilinear and the lateral faces of the snout are parallel to each other; thus the front face of the snout is almost square. The suborbital region is well delineated.
    • Lips: Since the upper lip is slightly raised, this one does not cover the lower lip, and the lower profile of the snout is determined by the jaw.
    • Jaws/Teeth: Normally developing jaws, with perfectly fitting maxillary and mandibular arches. White teeth, lined up in a regular way. The teeth are strong and complete. The incisors are articulated in the shape of a scissor, although pincer joint is accepted.
    • Eyes: Located in an almost frontal plane, wide open, larger than usual. The lid opening is rounded, the eyeball should not be prominent, sclera is not visible. The edge of the eyelids is necessarily black and the iris is dark ocher..
    • Ears: High insertion, they are long, pendants, but rather rigid at the base, so that the upper part of the pinna is separated from the skull, thus giving the impression that the head is broader than it really is.

    Neck:

    No double chin; its length is equal to the length of the head.

    Body:

    Since the body tends to be square, the length of the trunk, measured from the tip of the back to the tip of the buttock, is equal to the height at the withers.

    • Cross: Little protrudes from the line of the back.
    • top line: The rectilinear profile of the back and loin, which is slightly convex, they blend harmoniously into the line of the rump.
    • Rump: It is slightly oblique and very wide.
    • Sill: The manubrium of the sternum is not very prominent.
    • Breast : Large, descends to the level of the elbows; the ribs are well arched. The height of the thorax reaches almost half the height at the withers.
    • bottom line: Behind the sternum profile, rises slightly towards the belly.

    Tail:

    It is located in the line of the rump and arches over the back.

    Tips

    Former members

    Taken together, They have perfect aplomb and are parallel to each other in relation to the median plane of the trunk..

    • Shoulder: Its length is equal to 1/4 the height at the withers; in relation to the horizontal they are oblique and approach the vertical in relation to the median plane of the trunk. His movements are free.
    • Arm: It is well applied to the trunk, is almost equal in length to the shoulder, but it is less oblique than this.
    • Elbows: They lie in a plane parallel to the median plane of the trunk.
    • Forearm: Its length is equal to that of the arm, follows a perfectly vertical direction.
    • Carpus and metacarpus: Seen from the front they extend the vertical line of the forearm. Seen in profile, metacarpus is slightly oblique.
    • Front feet: They are oval in shape, with dark elastic pads and very hard black nails.
    Later members

    Considered as a whole and seen from behind, they should follow a perfectly vertical line that goes from the tip of the buttock to the floor.. They are parallel to each other.

    • Thighs: Its length is equal to 1/3 the height at the withers. They are oblique from top to bottom and from back to front; are perfectly parallel to the median plane of the trunk.
    • Leg: It is longer than the thigh.
    • Hock: The tibiotarsian angle is not very closed.
    • Metatarsus: The distance from the point of the hock to the tips of the toes is slightly less than a third of the height at the withers..
    • Rear feet: With the same characteristics as the front ones, although less oval.

    Movement:

    Development, energetic; the bearing of the head is noble and distinguished.

    Mantle

    Skin:
    • Well stretched and adhered to the whole body, with visible mucous membranes and rigorously pigmented black third eyelid.
    Fur:
    • Long over the whole body, from head to tail and from dorsal region to feet. It is shorter on the muzzle. It is rather vaporous, therefore it is not stretched, but in strands; never forms bangs.
    Color:
    • Pure white, without stains, nor shades of white.


    Size and weight:

    Height to the cross:

    • Males: 27 - 30 cm..
    • females: 25 - 28 cm..

    Weight: 2.5 โ€“ 4 kg.



    Fouls:

    Any deviation from the above criteria is considered missing and the seriousness is considered to the extent of the deviation to the standard.
    Squint.

    Serious misconduct
    • Accentuated convergence or divergence of the craniofacial axes.
    • Bulging snout.
    • Prognathism if it alters the external appearance of the muzzle.
    • Size less than 25 cm and above 33 cm in males, and less than 22 cm and above 32 cm in females.
    ELIMINATING fAULTS
    • Aggressive or fearful dog.
    • Depigmentation of the nose.
    • Nose in a color other than black.
    • Upper prognathism.
    • Bilateral depigmentation of the eyelids.
    • Eyes gazeos.
    • Anurismo.
    • Braqui Tourism, both natural and artificial.
    • Any coat color other than white.
    • Stains and specks.

    Any dog โ€‹โ€‹showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities must be disqualified..



    N.B.:

    Males should have two normal-appearing testicles., fully descended into the scrotum.

    Source: F.C.I - International Cynological Federation

    Alternative names:

    1. Bichon Bolognese, Bolognese Toy Dog, Bologneser, Bolo, Botoli, Bottolo (English).
    2. Bichon bolonais, Bolognese (French).
    3. Bologneser, Bichon Bolognese (German).
    4. Bichon bolonhรชs, Bolognese (Portuguese).
    5. Bichรณn boloรฑรฉs, Boloรฑes (espaรฑol).

    โ–ท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

    Bergamasco – Bergamasco Shepherd
    Italia FCI 194 . Sheepdogs

    The Shepherd Bergamasco It is never aggressive despite the fact that it is a good guardian of the House

    Bergamasco

    Content

    History

    The Bergamasco It is a breed of dog originating in the Italian Alps, used as a herding dog. Its appearance recalls to the of the Komondor (hungarian dog).

    This breed comes from contact with dogs of nomadic shepherds and their flocks that came from East to West. The Pastor's Ancestors Bergamasco They are located in the area of โ€‹โ€‹the Alps, an ideal area to display their characteristics.

    Since 1300 the use of these dogs is determined by herding herds of sheep typical of Bergamo. In the four centuries that followed, The Shepherd Bergamasco, has increased with the expansion of sheep farming. After 1700, However, After a gradual reduction of the pastoral activity, This race began to decrease its population, to almost extinction during the two world wars.

    In 1890 The breed is still called "mountain dog" and, in 1949 the company of lovers of the Pastor is founded Bergamasco. A few years later, Finally formalized the name: Bergamasco.

    Physical characteristics

    The tail is thick and strong at the base, Tuning towards the tip. Is covered with hard hair slightly wavy. Allowed colors are all shades of black (not bright), even with grey spots. The color should be determined from the root of the hair, because the part of Tufts often form different tones.

    The coat is very abundant, long, wavy, rough texture (goat) at the front of the trunk, of wool (sheep) the other half, less hard in the head.

    The eyes are large, more or less dark, with eyelids slightly oval. The ears are upright, but they fall in the last two thirds. The length of the muzzle is equal to the skull. As a whole it is large and parallelepiped in shape.. The skull is wide and slightly convex between the ears. Feet are oval-shaped, with toes well arched and closed.

    Did you know??

    The mat coat of the Bergamasco it is to protect him from bad weather and from predators that he might have to drive away in defense of his flock.

    Character and skills

    He has a temper, obedient and responsive, is a very versatile dog, their ability to learn and to decide, along with the inborn patience, make it a dog suitable for various uses. The family is identified as his flock, and to be a sheep dog, likes to keep everyone together. It will always be aware of the Group.

    It is a great companion, for adults and children, to those who consider their puppies (the weak family part), and you care them with much more attention. It is very Protector, but nothing possessive. It is never aggressive despite the fact that it is a good guardian of the House, effective to deter, but not to be dangerous.

    Observations

    As a recommendation, It is important to care for their fur because they are many knots, and so it is good to styling it with the hands to untangle. We recommend bathing but let it dry in the Sun. It has one of the robes that needs less maintenance, to weights of appearances.

    ยซBergamascoยป images

    โ€œBergamascoโ€ videos

    Type and recognitions:

    • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
    • Group :
    • Section : . .

    Federations:

    • FCI โ“˜
    • AKC โ“˜
    • ANKC โ“˜
    • CKC โ“˜
    • KC โ“˜
    • NZKC โ“˜
    • UKC โ“˜

    FCI breed standard "Bergamasco – Bergamasco Shepherd"

    Origin:
    Italy

    Date of publication of the valid original standard:
    27.11.1989.

    Use:

    Shepherd dog.



    General appearance:

    Pastor "Bergamasco" is a medium-sized dog, rustic looking, with abundant fur over the entire body, strong, but well proportioned. Its general appearance is that of a dog of medium proportions whose body tends to be a square. It is harmonic, so much for the dimension (heterometry = normal relationships between size and different parts of the body), as per the profiles (Alloidism = concordance between head and body profiles).



    Behavior / temperament:

    The role of the Pastor "Bergamasco" it's about driving and tending the herd, work for which he shows an excellent disposition thanks to his vigilance, concentration and psychological balance. His faculty of learning and determination, combined with his restraint and patience make him an excellent watchdog and companion dog, suitable for the most diverse uses. Establishes, also a close relationship with man.

    Head:

    The length of the muzzle is equal to the length of the skull. In its parallelepipedic set the head appears large. The skin should not be thick, but well applied to the underlying tissues, and without forming wrinkles.

    Cranial region:
  • Skull: The skull is wide and slightly convex between the ears, it is also broad and rounded in the region of the forehead. The superior longitudinal axes of the skull and muzzle are parallel. The length of the skull is equal to that of the muzzle. Its width should not exceed half the length of the head. The bumps on the forehead are developed, both longitudinally, how cross; the zygomatic arches are well marked. The middle suture?frontal (the methodical) is marked, occipital protuberance is observable and protruding.
  • Stop: The stop has a uniform but pronounced slope due to the marked bones of the nose and forehead, frontal bumps and brow ridges.
  • facial region:

    • Truffle: In line with the snout with the upper profile curved, wide open windows, wet, fresh and big. Profile view should not be protruding. The color of the truffle is black.
    • Snout : It progressively tapers to its extreme and the lateral faces converge slightly, so that it is not pointed, but truncated, with the inside face rather flat. Its length is equal to the length of the skull. Its width, measured at mid-length it reaches approximately the 50% its length.
      The height of the muzzle should not be less than half its length. The upper profile of the muzzle, traced by the profile of the nasal bridge, it is rectilinear.
      The lower profile of the muzzle is not determined by the lip, but for the jaw. Because of this conformation, the corner of the mouth does not fall.; the muzzle is well cleft, so that the corner of the mouth is at the level of an imaginary vertical drawn from the outer corner of the eye. The profile of the lower jaw is more or less rectilinear.
    • Lips : Fine and not very outstanding, They separate under the bridge of the nose, drawing a very open arc that forms a third of a circle.; in this way the teeth of the jaw are barely covered. The edges of the lips are well pigmented.
    • Jaws : The body and the lower and upper maxillary branches are well developed and broad..
      Teeth : Whites; the denture is complete and well developed, incisors are aligned regularly. The joint is in the form of scissors.
    • Cheeks : Little prominent.
    • Eyes : So big; neither bulging nor sunken, iris darker or lighter than brown, depending on the color of the coat. Placed forward; his expression is soft, serene and attentive. The shape of the eyelid is slightly oval and the angle of the eyelid to the horizontal is only slightly oblique. Eyelids fit tightly over the eye, edge of the eyelids pigmented black, the eyelashes are particularly long so that they can lift the hair that falls from the forehead over the eyes.
    • Ears : High insertion; they are semi-fallen, that is to say, that only the terminal thirds up to the rounded tip are falls. When the dog is attentive the ear stands slightly at the base. Its shape is triangular. The length of the ear is between 11 and 13 cm., its width is 6,5 to 8 cm.. Features a wide base, that in the back extends to the ligament that goes from the head to the neck, while the front reaches the middle of the skull. The limb is slightly rounded. On the ears the hair is somewhat wavy and soft, while at the tip it ends in bangs.

    Neck:

    The upper profile is slightly convex. The neck is slightly shorter than the head; in effect, in extension does not exceed 80% of head length. Neck perimeter, measured at half its length, must be at least twice its length. The skin should never be flaccid, therefore there should be no trace of a double chin. Hair must be thick.

    Body:

    • top line : The withers stand out quite a bit from the rectilinear dorsal profile. The lumbar region has some convexity and the rump is slightly oblique.
    • Cross : Tall and long. The neck harmoniously joins the trunk.
    • Back : Rectilinear, well muscled and wide, its length reaches around 30% the height at the withers. The lumbar region is well connected to the line of the back and the croup. The length of the lumbar region reaches around the 20% the height at the withers, in this way it is much shorter than the dorsal region. The breadth of the lumbar region is roughly equal to its length; the musculature of the entire region is well developed.
    • Rump : Wide, robust, well muscled and oblique, with a tilt of the 30% under the horizontal; its transverse width, between the two haunches, must reach 1/7 the height at the withers.
    • Breast : It must be wide, well arched, descending to the level of the elbows. Its perimeter (measured behind the elbows) surpasses the 25% the height at the withers. Its transverse diameter must reach 30% the height at the withers. The depth and height of the chest should reach the 50% the height at the withers.
    • bottom line : Starting from the sternum, the lower profile rises very slightly towards the belly, which is therefore low. The length of the flanks must correspond to that of the lumbar region, which is short. The depression of the flanks is minimal.

    Tail:

    Located in the lower third of the rump, thick and strong at the base and gradually tapering towards the tip. Covered with slightly wavy goat hair type hair. The length of the tail often reaches the hock when the dog is standing; preferably it should be shorter. At rest the tail is carried in the shape of a saber, that is, hanging in the first two thirds, with the final third slightly curved. In action the dog wags his flag tail, sideways.

    Tips

    Former members
  • Forearm : This one is vertical, its length is at least equal to that of the arm. Musculature and bones are well developed.
  • Carpi : Extends the vertical line of the forearm. Has great mobility, he is thin, with a clearly protruding fish bone.
  • Metacarpus : It must be slim and highly mobile. Seen from the front, must be located in the same vertical plane as the forearm. Seen in profile it is a bit oblique at the front.
  • Pie : Oval (hare foot) with well-knit and arched fingers. Strong nails, curvy and pigmented. The footpads are dark in color.

    Former members

    As a whole, these adapt well to the size of the dog. Legs are normal, both seen in profile, as from behind.

    • Thigh : It is long, width, good muscular, with a slightly convex trailing edge. Its length exceeds about 30% the height at the withers, and its width the 75% its length. The opening of the coxofemoral angle varies between 100 and 105 degrees.
    • Leg : Strong bones and fine muscles, leg groove is well marked. Leg length reaches around 1/3 the height at the withers. Its inclination above the horizontal is about 55 degrees.
    • Knee : It is well plumb in the line of the extremity and is not deviated either inwards or outwards.. The femoral angle?tibial is open and measures between 130 and 135 degrees.
    • Hock : The lateral faces of the hock should be very wide. The distance from the point of the hock to the ground should not be less than 25% the height at the withers. The aperture of the tibiotarsian joint angle varies between 140 and 145 degrees.
    • Metatarsus : Its length reaches a 15% the height at the withers, if measured separately; if on the contrary it is calculated from the tip of the calcaneus, its length is equal to that of the hock. Your direction must be vertical. Any dewclaws that eventually appear should be removed.
    • Pie : It must have the same characteristics as the front foot


    Movement:

    The step must be agile and long; the trot, quite elongated and resistant, is the preferred move. Thanks to its conformation, the dog can easily go at a running gallop, movement that is able to maintain for a long time.

    Mantle

    • Skin : It should be fine all over the body, but especially in the ears and in the forelimbs; must be well applied to the body. The neck should not have a double chin and the head should not have wrinkles. The color of the mucous membranes and the third eyelid must be black.
    • Fur : Very abundant, long and of different texture depending on the region. Its texture is rough (goat hair) particularly on the front of the trunk. From the middle of the chest towards the back, and on all limbs, the hair tends to form tufts or is already organized into tufts depending on the age of the dog; these strands must come out of the upper part of the dorsal region and fall on the lateral planes of the trunk. On the head the hair is less coarse and covers the eyes. The hair should be evenly distributed over the extremities, forming soft locks that reach to the ground, resembling a kind of pilaster on the front and tufts on the back, although without forming bangs. Underlying hair is so short that the skin is not easily visible. It should be soft to the touch.
    • Color : Uniform gray, with gray spots in all possible shades, ranging from delicate and moderate gray, to a lighter or darker shade, until reaching black. Isabela and light reddish shades are accepted. A solid black coat is acceptable if it is truly dull (it's gone). Solid white fur is not allowed. White spots are tolerated when their surface does not exceed one fifth of the total surface of the coat.


    Size and weight:

    Height to the cross : For males the ideal height at the withers is 60 cm., with a tolerance of 2 cm more or less. for females, is of 56 cm., with the same tolerance of 2 cm more or less.

    Weight :

    • Males : 32 to 38 kg.
    • females : 26 to 32 kg.


    Fouls:

    Any deviation from the above mentioned criteria is considered to lack, and the gravity of this refers to the degree of deviation to the standard and its impact on the health and well-being of the dog.

    These modalities apply equally to dogs with very small heads and those with permanent amble..

    ELIMINATING fAULTS :
    • Convergent or divergent craniofacial axes.
    • Accentuated mandibular prognathism which causes disfigurement. Bilateral strabismus.
    • Partial depigmentation of the nose.
    • Size that exceeds to a greater or lesser degree the margins indicated by the standard
    • Trumpet-shaped tail.


    Disqualifying fouls :
    • Aggressive or fearful dog.
    • Total depigmentation of the nose.
    • Clearly bulging or concave nasal bridge.
    • Total bilateral depigmentation of the eyelids.
    • Eyes of different colour (even if it's only one).
    • Jaws : prognatismo superior.
    • Tail absence, brachyurism, tail that curls over the back.
    • Coat color : the white surpasses 1/5 of the total area.
    • Skin : total depigmentation at the edge of the lips.

    Any dog โ€‹โ€‹showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities must be disqualified..



    N.B.:

    Males should have two normal-appearing testicles., fully descended into the scrotum.

    Source: F.C.I - International Cynological Federation

    Alternative names:

    1. Bergamasco Shepherd Dog, Bergamasco Sheepdog, Bergamasco (English).
    2. Cane da pastore bergamasco (French).
    3. Cane da pastore Bergamasco (German).
    4. (em italiano: Cane de pastore Bergamasco) (Portuguese).
    5. Pastor de Bergamasco (espaรฑol).