The Speckle-faced Parrot(Pionus tumultuosus) It is distinguishable by color from whitish crown up to the nape; base bill red rose, with forecrown redder. Cheeks whitish with a red and purple tinge towards the neck; purple chest.
Shoulder with thin strip yellow with reddish tint, inside base tail and crissum, red; the rest of the tail is green with blue on the outer feathers; under belly with red feathers with green edge.
ocula ringr greyish
The youth They have almost all head green and the wings, greenish yellow.
Taxonomic note:
The Speckle-faced Parrot It is probably the rarest and most controversial genre Pionus. It is sometimes divided into two species, in which case, the Pionus tumultuosus South is known as Speckle-faced Parrot, while the North, Pionus seniloides, They are known as White-capped Parrot (which leads to easy confusion with Pionus senilis).
It inhabits in Andean and sub-Andean cloud forests and forest edges, between 1600 and 3200 meters above sea level.
It is highly Nomad with temporal variations in terms of the number of individuals that can be registered in a locality.
Reproduction:
With reproduce In September. In captivity puts 4 eggs which incubated about 26 days. No other aspects of its reproductive biology are known..
Food:
It has been registered consuming fruits of Turpinia paniculata and are sometimes seen in large numbers feeding on maize crops in cultivated areas and banana plantations.
Distribution:
Its population is distributed in the southern Andes, from the center of Peru until Bolivia.
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 329.000 km2
Conservation:
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.
• Population trend: Decreasing.
Justification of the population
The size of the world population It has not been quantified, but this species is described as «quite common, but irregular distribution» (Stotz et to the., 1996).
Justification of trend
It is suspected that the population is in decline due to the continuous habitat destruction.
"Speckle-faced Parrot" in captivity:
This species is virtually nonexistent in poultry farming. There is only a small collection, private property in the United States. The Fundación Loro Parque in Tenerife, Spain, It has some copies.
Most of the Speckle-faced Parrot imported to United States they were the victim of aspergillosis – probably caused by the stress suffered during the import process.
In captivity They were observed as the to intelligent species, inquisitive and sometimes shy and nervous. Will get used to their caregiver over time. You can interact with a person and jealously attacking others. Prone to obesity.
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Par
– Birdlife
– Libro Loros, Pericos y Guacamayas Neotropicales
– Fotos:
(1) – Eduardo Nogueira
(2) – Speckle-faced Parrot at La Merced Zoo By josecajacuri [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Speckle-faced Parrot «Pionus tumultuosus» on the grounds of the Pueblo Hotel, Aguas Calientes by Carol Foil – Flickr
(4) – Speckle-faced Parrot «Pionus tumultuosus» on the grounds of the Pueblo Hotel, Aguas Calientes by Carol Foil – Flickr
(5) – Speckle-faced Parrot «Pionus tumultuosus» on the grounds of the Pueblo Hotel, Aguas Calientes by Carol Foil – Flickr
(6) – PIONUS TUMULTUOSUS By Allen, Edgar W.; Erxleben, J.; Hanhart, Michael; Hanhart, N; Keulemans, J. G.; Mintern Bros.; Rowley, George Dawson; Smith, J.; Walther, T. [CC BY 2.0 or Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
The Vulturine Parrot(Pyrilia vulturina) It is a small parrot with bare skin yellow orange and covered bristles pale hairlike, in the area that covers the forecrown and back of the crown, until the eyes; bare skin on lores, the cheeks and center of crown black and covered with bristles black hairlike; feathers on the sides of neck and in the part back from the crown, are yellow, forming a band bright contrasting with the black of the head bare; back of the neck, black; upperparts green.
carpal area and lesser upperwing-coverts, orange-yellow; outer median coverts with some blue; leading edge of wing, red; primary coverts blue; rest of the upper parts of the wings, green.
Primaries bluish-black with narrow bluish-green margins to outerweb. Under, the wings with coverts red; flight feather green with blackish tips. feathers throat and the chest, olive yellow with dark tips, giving a scalloped effect; belly green with bluish tint; undertail-coverts brighter yellowish green. Tail green with tips blue and outer feathers with yellow on base of innerwebs. Bill dark blackish-grey with patch pale yellow at the base of the upper jaw; cere yellowish-horn; irises brownish-orange; legs grey.
Both sexes are similar.
The head of the immature, fully feathered (except in the eye ring); greenish on the cheeks and yellow olive in the rest of the head with no collar yellow. The bend of wing and underwing-coverts, yellowish-orange; irises darker.
Sound of the Vulturine Parrot.
Habitat:
It inhabits in the rainforest of lowland formations várzea (seasonally flooded forest), and the Mainland (without flooding). Gregarious.
Reproduction:
No details on the reproductive biology of this species.
Food:
diet includes fruit, seeds and berries taken in the forest canopy. Its bareheaded adaptation may be a high frugivore diet, to prevent the fruit pulp enmarañara their feathers.
Distribution and status:
Size of its range (breeding/resident ): 1.030.000 km2
endemic to northeast Brazil, to the South of the amazon, from the eastern state of amazon, on the east bank of Madeira River, passing by For, to the south, up to the Serra do Cachimbo, extending eastward to the areas bordering northwest Maranhão, in the region of the Gurupi River. May be restricted to areas around major rivers within this region, which would mean that the size of the range may be overestimated.
References in relation to its range to include Venezuela (lower basin Caura River) and Guyana, They are apparently wrong.
generally considered Rare, although undoubtedly they not have a lot of data due to the difficulty of observation of this species.
The continuing rapid deforestation throughout its range has had to contribute to a substantial decrease in the population Vulturine Parrot in the last decades.
They can be seen in protected forests in the west of its range, but illegal logging and colonization remain a threat even there.
Conservation:
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Vulnerable.
• Population trend: Decreasing.
Rationale for the Red List category
Based on a model of future deforestation in the amazon basin and its dependence on primary forest and sensitivity to fragmentation, It is suspected that population of this species will decrease rapidly during the next three generations and, therefore, It has risen to Vulnerability.
Justification of the population
The population size World has not been quantified, but this species is described as «Rare» (Stotz et to the ., 1996).
Justification of trend
It is suspected that this species has lost 37,1-54,8% of habitat within its distribution over three generations (21 years) starting from a model of deforestation Amazon (Soares-Filho et to the ., 2006, Bird et to the ., 2011). Although the species may have some susceptibility to hunting and / or capture, also it appears to have some degree of tolerance habitat degradation (A. Lees in litt ., 2011). So, you suspect your population decline by 30-49% during three generations.
Conservation Actions Underway
• Is listed as Vulnerable nationally in Brazil (MMA 2014).
• No specific actions known.
Conservation Actions Proposed
• Expand the network of protected areas to effectively protect the IBA.
• Effectively manage existing and new protected areas and resources, using the emerging opportunities for financing the management of protected areas with the overall goal of reducing carbon emissions and maximize the conservation of biodiversity.
• It is also essential to conservation on private land, through the expansion of market pressures for proper land management and prevention of deforestation on land not suitable for agriculture (Soares-Filho et to the., 2006).
• Campaign against proposed changes to the Brazilian Forest Code that would lead to a decrease in the width of the areas of riparian forest protected as Permanent Preservation Areas (APPs), that function as vital corridors in fragmented landscapes.
"Vulturine Parrot" in captivity:
It is not found in aviculture; Probably they never stood outside Brazil.
Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
Birdlife
Photos:
(1) – Pyrilia vulturina (adult and immature) – Imagen de Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
(2) – Pyrilia vulturina ( Curica Vulture) by victor castro
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The Yellow-lored Parrot(Amazona xantholora) has the lores and a close frontal band, bright yellow; most of the forecrown and crown, are white; the back of the crown is blue; band wide around the eyes, including upper cheeks, bright red; ear-coverts dark gray.
Top green grass with prominent black tips on feathers giving a scalloped appearance, although uppertail-coverts are yellowish-green. Primary coverts red; remaining coberteras (especially smaller and medium), green with black tips. Flight feathers mostly blue with a green base at primaries. Under the wings, bluish green. Underparts green with black tips on breast feathers, although undertail-coverts are yellowish-green; at the top, the tail is green; below green with yellowish tip and the outer feathers red.
Bill yellow-horn; irises yellow; legs grey.
In this species sexual dimorphism. The female has the crown blue (nonwhite), little or no red around the eye, and primary coverts green. The immature They are like female but with lores paler yellow and crown pale blue.
In Yucatan, the Yellow-lored Parrot They live mostly in the tropical deciduous forest, probably avoiding dense rain forests. But, their exact preferences are unknown due to the difficulty of distinguishing the White-fronted Parrot(Amazona albifrons). Observed in pine forests and mixed forests of pines and oaks Quercus in the North of Belice, and pine forests in the highlands in Roatan.
They are distributed at altitudes between 100 and 250 m.
Usually views in flocks, to form communal roosts coming up 1.500 birds from roosting and dispersed in small herds forage.
Reproduction:
They lay their nests in tree cavities on agricultural land and around cornfields where dead trees have been left standing after forests have been cleared and burned. also can nest in cracks of trees, rock walls or termiteros.
It has been observed to Yellow-lored Parrot in breeding condition in March in the yucatan peninsula, and young in the nest in April-May Belice. The laying is of 1 to 3 eggs; the incubation similar in duration to that of White-fronted Parrot(Amazona albifrons), that is to say, of 25 to 28 days.
Food:
Foods reported include guilt of Acacia gaumeri, corn and citrus. The Yellow-lored Parrot They feed mainly in the treetops.
Distribution:
Size of its range (reproduction / resident): 157.000 kilometros2
The Yellow-lored Parrot It is found mainly in the Eastern and Central parts of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, in Yucatan, Campeche and Quintana Roo; in the northern parts of Belice; and in the islands of Cozumel (Mexico) and possibly Roatan (Honduras), where the recent field work could not confirm its current (or previous) existence. Common to quite common in the East of Yucatan and in Cozumel, but considered quite rare in some other parts (especially at the edges) Mexican range. It is thought to be scarcer than the White-fronted Parrot(Amazona albifrons) with which it is closely related, although in some areas, the Yellow-lored Parrot it's more common, especially towards the center of its range.
Live in several areas protected. Situation in Northern Belice unknown.
Conservation:
State of conservation ⓘ
Minor Concern ⓘ(UICN)ⓘ
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.
• Population trend: Stable.
• Population size: 20,000-49,999.
Justification of the Red List of the Category
This species has a range very large, and therefore not approaching the thresholds for vulnerable under the criterion of size range (extent of occurrence <20.000 km2 combinan con un tamaño gama disminución o fluctuante, hábitat medida / calidad, o de la población tamaño y un pequeño número de lugares o fragmentación severa). La population trend appears to be stable, and therefore the species does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable according to the population trend criteria. (> 30% decrease of more than ten years or three generations). The population size It can be moderately small to large, but are not believed to approach the thresholds for Vulnerable based on population size criteria (<10.000 individuos maduros con una disminución continua estima en> 10% in ten years or three generations, or with a specific population structure). For these reasons, the species was evaluated as Least concern.
Population justification
Partners in Flight estimates the population at fewer than 50.000 individuals (A. they Panjabi a slightly. 2008), by what is placed in the band 20,000-49,999 individuals here.
Justification trend
The population suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence of any reduction or substantial threats.
Threats
The main threats to this species are the deforestation, the catch eggs and chicks directly from their nests, just like him illegal trade adult individuals. Moreover and, considering the differential distribution of this species within the Peninsula, You may think that areas are susceptible to drastic declines in these species (Beissinger and Snyder 1992).
The Yellow-lored Parrot in captivity:
Very rare in captivity. Convention CITES regulates international trade under the Appendix II (Species not necessarily threatened with extinction, but in which trade must be controlled in order to avoid utilization incompatible with their survival).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Naturalist
– Photos:
(1) – Amazon Yucatan, Mexico, Quintana Roo, Xcaret By philippe from FRANCE, You can search by name, by commission or family for birds and insects, using tags [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – A female Yellow-lored Amazona also known as the Yucatan Amazona at Xcaret Eco Park, Quintana Roo, Mexico. By philippe from FRANCE, You can search by name, by commission or family for birds and insects, using tags [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Amazona species xantholora. His name is Poll By GuillermoPech (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Yellow-lored Amazon By Andreas Mueller Pfgst (Picture yourself created) [GFDL or CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Yellow-Lored Parrot by James Diedrick – Flickr
(6) – Chrysotis xantholora = Amazona xantholora by Joseph Smit [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
22 to 23 cm.. length and an approximate weight of 80 g..
The Pfrimer's Parakeet(Pyrrhura pfrimeri) is a small psittacine of tail Long endemic Brazil very similar to Maroon-faced Parakeet(Pyrrhura leucotis), of which has recently been separated.
Its main color is green with bluish hues in primary rémiges and reddish tones in the back, the belly and retrizes penas. The bend of wing They are reddish.
The neck It has clear blue feathers with lighter edges, giving the whole a scaled aspect. The sides of the face They are red while the crown and nape They are bluish. The bill It is black and tail red-blue color at the tips
It has no sexual dimorphism.
Taxonomic status:
It has often been considered a subspecies of the Maroon-faced Parakeet(Pyrrhura leucotis) – Pyrrhura leucotis pfrimeri. The separation was made based on their distribution and the differences in habitat and plumage, I was the only member of the complex P. leucotis in which the light spot on ear-coverts It was very small. Recent mitochondrial DNA studies have confirmed this separate species status.
Sound of the Pfrimer's Parakeet.
Habitat:
Its distribution is restricted to the forests dry deciduous or semi-evergreen growing on limestone outcrops in the calcareous. This habitat type caatinga is an isolated island within the surrounding savannah closed. The forest caatinga typically has a closed canopy and dense understory with lianas and some cacti, particularly in disturbed areas. The species has been seen recently fragmented woodlots (Olmos et al., 1998), but according to reports they do not live far from the edge of the forest.
Social, usually they are seen in flocks of up 10 birds. Noisy and conspicuous when they fly above the canopy. Difficult to see while feeding or resting in foliage.
Reproduction:
We know very little about their reproductive habits.
Food:
They fly in flocks in search of fruits, seeds, flowers and larvae insects (wasps Family Agaonidae).
Distribution and status:
Size of its range (Widgets / Resident): 20.300 km2
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: In danger of extinction.
• Population trend: Decreasing.
• Population: 20,000-50,000.
Justification of the Red List of the Category
This species has a range very small highly fragmented and where habitat loss and degradation continue. For these reasons, It is classified as endangered.
Justification of the population
The total population is estimated to lie within the band 20,000-49,999 individuals (CA Bianchi in a little. 2006, 2007). The population density of the species has been estimated 11,7 individuals / km2 .
Justification trend
Given the rapid pace of deforestation within restricted range species, and its strong dependence on forest habitats suspected its population is declining rapidly (F. Olmos in some ., 2004).
Threats:
The main threat to this species is the deforestation driven selective logging, fires and conversion of habitat to pasture (Olmos et al . 1998). Dry wood Goiás He declined to be covering 15,8% of the region 1990 only the 5,8% in 1999, and less than 1% of the remaining fragments they were larger than 100 has (F. Olmos a slightly. 2007). There has been a reduction 66% habitat available in the last 31 years, with a current annual deforestation rate 2,1% (Bianchi 2010). Rapid deforestation is occurring within the range of the species to create pastures with widespread burning to improve poor pastures destroying the habitat of dry forest. It is mainly directed to logging forests durable normally used to make fence posts, and cement are starting to target areas of limestone outcroppings (CA Bianchi in a little . 2006, 2007). The species is rare while they recorded in the trade waves collections of exotic birds; This poses a potential threat (Olmos et al ., 1998). Population pressures increase as their range is close to the capital, Brasilia (Olmos et al ., 1998).
Conservation Actions Underway
In Brazil, previously considered vulnerable(Silveira y Straube 2008), but now legally designated as endangered national(MMA 2014) and protected by the Brazilian legislation. They are distributed within the proposal Terra Ronca State Park, but this has not yet been fully implemented. (CA Bianchi in a little . 2006, 2007). Downs Terra Ronca State Park now they appear to have been deforested, leaving only forest fragments outcrops of limestone karst (Willis in a little .). Other parts of the range are not protected. The species appears in the Brazil Red List as vulnerable and the IBAMA (Federal Environment Agency Brazil) is about to create a conservation group Small parrots understand all the Pyrrhura spp, and establishes conservation efforts. Brasilia zoological garden started a program of captive breeding in 2001 with 10 individuals, but none survived after six years (CA Bianchi in a little . 2006, 2007). There are very few known private poultry farmers who maintain the species in captivity (CA Bianchi in a little . 2006, 2007).
Conservation Actions Proposed
Determine the extent of habitat and current rates of deforestation remaining. Closely monitor the species in trade if demand increases.
"Pfrimer's Parakeet" in captivity:
Very rare.
It's a bird in danger of extinction; each captive specimen of this species that is capable of reproducing, must be placed in a well-managed captive breeding program and not sold as a pet, in order to ensure its long-term survival.
Alternative names:
– Goias Parakeet, Pfrimer’s Conure, Pfrimer’s Parakeet (English).
– Conure de Pfrimer (French).
– Goiasittich, Pfrimers Sittich (German).
– tiriba de Pfrimer, Tiriba-de-pfrimer, Tiriba-do-paranã , ciganinha, barreirinha, chiriri e periquito-do-morro (Portuguese).
– Cotorra de Goiás (español).
scientific classification:
Alipio Ribeiro de Miranda, brazilian natural scientist
(1) – Pyrrhura pfrimeri by Lander Van Nieuwenhuyse – Flickr
(2) – Pyrrhura pfrimeri by Lander Van Nieuwenhuyse – Flickr
(3) – Pyrrhura pfrimeri by Lander Van Nieuwenhuyse – Flickr
(4) – Pyrrhura pfrimeri by pyaf.net
(5) – Tiriba-de-Pfrimer, «Pyrrhura pfrimeri» – Pfrimer's Parakeet by Cláudia Brasileiro Martins
Brazilian Claudia Martins
(6) – Photo of Alipio de Miranda Ribeiro, brazilian natural scientist By File created by Flávio de Miranda Ribeiro (Picture taken by family) [CC BY-SA 3.0 or GFDL], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
The Seychelles Black Parrot(Coracopsis barklyi) They have a pale brown, less black than the plumage Black Parrot(Coracopsis nigra), but gray / blue reflections in the outer layers of the primary feathers; pale brown patches with slight pale streaks on the crown.
The tone becomes slightly paler in uppertail-coverts.
The underparts They are pale grayish brown. We can see some short lines in throat, while the chest and the belly show a diffuse pale obstruction. The tail is pale-grey.
The bill dark gray becomes paler during the breeding season. The eyes are dark brown, surrounded by a naked orbital gray area. Legs and feet are dark gray to bluish gray.
Both sexes are very similar.
Youth colorization:
Immature paler than adults with a yellowish tinge bill and tips of the feathers tail with pale gray.
Taxonomic status:
Formerly a subspecies of Black Parrot(Coracopsis nigra), originating from Madagascar. Parrots Gender Coracopsis only found in the Western Indian Ocean.
Habitat:
The Seychelles Black Parrot(Coracopsis barklyi) inhabits native and mixed woodland in Praslin, (Rocamora and Laboudallon 2013, A. Reuleaux y N. Bunbury a slightly. 2016). It is also found in cultivated areas and residential areas with gardens, habitats that are suitable feed (A. Reuleaux y N. Bunbury a slightly. 2016). They are usually seen alone or in pairs.
Reproduction:
Their main breeding areas They are in a forest dominated by endemic palms coco de mer(Lodoicea maldivica). The tree species nests in cavities primarily in mer coconut dead, but also registered that nests in cavities and other palms living trees broadleaf (Reuleaux et al. 2014to), with reproductive activity October to March (Rocamora and Laboudallon 2013, Reuleaux et al. 2014to). Preferred deep cavities of hollow logs of L. maldivica with a dense cover canopy over the entrance (Reuleaux et al. 2014to). The reproductive activity fluctuates widely between years (A. Reuleaux y N. Bunbury a slightly. 2016). In a study, the 53% of nests they were successful in 36 nesting attempts, with a 57% incipient year survival (Reuleaux et al. 2014to).
Food:
The Seychelles Black Parrot It feeds on a variety of plant species, most of which are endemic and native (Reuleaux et al. 2014b), mainly from the fruit pulp, seeds and buds, with occasional observations feeding on leaves, flowers, crusts and scale insects (Reuleaux et al. 2014b).
Distribution:
Extending its range (breeding/resident): 70 km2
The Seychelles Black Parrot(Coracopsis barklyi) reside in Praslin, with occasional records in Curieuse (to 1 km to the North of Praslin), Seychelles(Reuleaux et al. 2013).
No individual was detected in curious during spot counts over four days and during supplementary fieldwork, so it is assumed that there is no resident population there (Reuleaux et al. 2013).
Conservation:
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Vulnerable.
• Population trend: Stable.
• Population size : 340-600 individuals.
Rationale for the Red List category
This newly divided species is listed as Vulnerable because, but it appears to be stable or possibly increasing, their population is still very small, and therefore it is at risk of stochastic events and human impacts.
Justification of the population
Count surveys conducted in Praslin points in 2010 and 2011 They found a density of 0.14-0.24 individuals / ha, as resultadi giving an estimate of the Total population 520-900 individuals (confidence intervals 95%) obtained through the distance sampling methodology (Reuleaux et al. 2013). After reviewing recent survey results, Rocamora and Laboudallon (2013) estimated total breeding population less than 200 couples, suggesting that there might be less than 400 mature individuals. Based on these data, it is assumed that there 340-600 mature individuals in the population.
Justification trend
They suspected that the population is stable the absence of evidence of any reduction or immediate threat. It is believed that the species has increased at least until the beginning of the century, but it is not clear if it is still increasing (Reuleaux et al. 2013, Rocamora and Laboudallon 2013).
Threats
It is believed that the decline of Seychelles Black Parrot before age 60 It was mainly due to predation by introduced rats and hunting conducted by settlers and farmers (Rocamora and Laboudallon 2013). Other causes of increased mortality include capture as pets and trade, and bycatch when targeting other species.
The most serious current threats for the species include diseases such as disease Beak and feather, continuous nest predation by rats and cats, competition from introduced species of birds for food and nesting sites, poaching of their main nesting tree (coco de mer), and habitat destruction caused by fires, with potential threats including persecution, pesticides, bats and kinship networks (Rocamora and Laboudallon 2013, Seychelles Islands Foundation in litt. 2014).
The forest fires They may represent the most serious threat to the species, with records since the beginning of the decade 1980 showing that approximately every 10 years a major fire occurs (The Seychelles Islands Foundation in litt. 2014). The availability of nesting cavities can be a limiting factor in years of very active reproduction, some females occupying suboptimal cavities.
Collection sea ​​coconuts probably reduce the area of ​​palm forest long term.
The presence of the Rose-ringed Parakeet(Psittacula krameri) in Mahe, one of which is registered Praslin, increases the risk of disease.
The impacts of introduced species causing nest predation and competition for nesting sites can not be serious enough to limit the population; However, mice are increasing in Praslin.
The crazy ants or zanconas ants (anoplolepis gracilipes) not appear to have impacted the species so far, probably because they use dead palms, where the appropriate cavities Seychelles Black Parrot.
Chicks predation by cats and dogs is probably limited, and post-harvest mortality is not currently a major concern. The persecution of the species by farmers is considered a minor threat.
Other risk factors for the species include their low genetic diversity and unexplained large fluctuations in reproductive activity of one station to another (Seychelles Islands Foundation in litt. 2014).
conservation actions
Conservation actions underway
The species is protected by law from 1966(Rocamora and Laboudallon 2013). Endemic palms have been protected from 1991, and the restoration of native palm forest on Praslin and Curieuse is underway. The species is found in the Praslin National Park, created in 1979, and Vallée de Mai It was declared a World Heritage Site in 1983. The Background islas Ferdinand curious y They are administered as nature reserves, but no official protection. Among 1983 and 2005 boxes were provided artificial nesting (Rocamora and Laboudallon 2013, A. Reuleaux y N. Bunbury a slightly. 2016).
In Vallée de Mai there is a firebreak around the brood nucleus, but it is not guaranteed to work in the event of a large fire that can not be contained quickly (The Seychelles Islands Foundation in litt. 2014), However, It has only proved partially effective when a fire destroyed several hectares of breeding habitat high quality 2010 (A. Reuleaux y N. Bunbury a slightly. 2016). Poaching coco de mer nuts it being countered with increased security and a program regeneration, and they have carried out awareness activities to reduce the persecution by farmers. Measures are being taken to eradicate the presence of the Rose-ringed Parakeet(Psittacula krameri) and also they are conducting tests for the virus Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease Virus(The Seychelles Islands Foundation in litt. 2014).
In 2009 a national plan of action was drawn up for the species, It is including plans to introduce the species Silhouette, along with captive breeding in Frigate y North Island, if you can carry out a proper restoration and habitat management (reviewed by Rocamora and Laboudallon 2013). Other conservation identified for this species include control of introduced, the renovation and improvement of nests, population monitoring and public awareness campaigns (reviewed by Rocamora and Laboudallon 2013). Analysis using statistical models is intended to 2014, after annual counts have been made for three years without interruption, and conclusions on the trend of the species will be published from 1982 (G. Rocamora in litt. 2014). Repeating the remote sampling survey is scheduled at intervals 5-10 years (A. REuleaux y N. Bunbury a slightly. 2016).
Conservation Actions Proposed
Carry out further surveys to get a more accurate estimate population size and to monitor the demographic trend. Conduct research on the impacts of potential threats. Protect additional areas of native forest of palms. Suitable restore native habitats. Continue awareness activities to eliminate any residual persecution.
"Seychelles Black Parrot" in captivity:
This species is protected by law from 1966. No copy of Seychelles Black Parrot should be kept in captivity, unless it was under a controlled breeding program in order to reintroduce birds of this species to their habitat.
Alternative names:
– Seychelles Black Parrot, Seychelles Lesser Vasa Parrot, Seychelles Parrot (English).
– Vasa des Seychelles, Vaza des Seychelles (French).
– Seychellenpapagei (German).
– Seychelles Black Parrot (Portuguese).
– Loro de Seychelles (español).
Avibase
Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr Birdlife
Photos:
(1) – Coracopsis barklyi (=Coracopsis nigra barklyi) by Joseph Wolf [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Coracopsis barklyi By Post of Seychelles ([1]) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
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The Western Ground Parrot(Pezoporus flaviventris) It has mottled green back, underparts green and yellow, forecrown red. Tail long, with green stripes, Yellow and black poorly defined.
taxonomy:
A research team, directed by Stephen Murphy, studied taxonomy (discipline in charge of classifying living things) of the Eastern Ground Parrot(Pezoporus wallicus), an endemic species (exclusive geographic region) of fragmented coasts of southwest and southeast Australia. The researchers studied DNA from museum specimens from 160 years, and they concluded that the western population should be classified as a new species: Pezoporus flaviventris.
Habitat:
The Western Ground Parrot It is a bird that lives in soil and living in low heathland, dry or swampy near the coast. They are usually seen in habitat that has remained unburned for long periods of time. Mainly fly at dawn or dusk and feeds mainly on small seeds.
Reproduction:
It is one of the few parrots in the world that does not nest in a hole or cavity. Little else is known about the reproductive biology of the Western Ground Parrot
Food:
The Western Ground Parrot usually it feeds alone or with another parakeet. Seeds of various plants, especially of Sedge, for example, Mesomaelaena stygia ssp. stygia. Flower buds and flowers base, for example, the beaufortias, the dryandras and grevilleas, They are also important parts of the diet. It has been observed Western Ground Parrot semisuculentas feeding on leaves Daviesia pachyphylla. The diet is varied and uses the great diversity of habitat.
Distribution:
Historically, This species was found along the south west coast of Australia from Perth north to Geraldton and along the south coast east to Israelite Bay. But, It seems to have disappeared off the west coast of Western Australia in 1900.
• It is classified by the Australian government as a species in danger of extinction.
• Population trend: Decreasing.
• Population size : 100-110 individuals.
During an investigation (1), scientists found that the population of this new species had diminished quickly in the last 20 years, They are leaving only around 110 birds surviving in the wild, most of them in an Australian national park, so it is considered one of the rarest species in the world, so that the entry introduced predators (cats) National Park, could lead to the extinction of the species in a short time, so the need to implement is suggested Urgent conservation program for this new species described.
(1) – «Tip(‘9. S. A. Murphy, S. A., L. Joseph, A. H. Burbidge y J. Austin. “A Cryptic and Critically Endangered Species Revealed by Mitochondrial DNA Analyses: the Western Ground Parrot”. Conservation Genetics, 12, (2010): 595-600.’
Threatened Species Strategy
The Western Ground Parrot is one of the 20 birds that the Australian Government has given priority in the allocation of resources to support the recovery effort species. The Western Ground Parrot It has a base of strong and growing support in the local community. An association between South Coast NRM, Friends of the Western Ground Parrot, the Department of Parks and Wildlife and the Perth Zoo It is working to prevent extinction.
The success of the population captive breeding recently established security will be key to the species, and management of wild cats and fires Cabo Arid National Park It will be essential for local recovery. With an estimated population of less than 150 individuals and a captive population of less than ten, we need to act.
The emergency actions include the protection of the wild population and creating a population secured in captivity. Opportunities to receive more support through National Planning Program, the local group management of natural resources and existing partnerships with Government of Western Australia and theZoo of Perth They are likely to contribute to recovery.
The website Endangered Species Strategy It includes information on what is being done to support the recovery effort species. Understanding the habits of a partnership project of rare birds and reserved aims to benefit the species improve the behavior of captive birds, which may allow better management of wild populations.
• Avibase
• Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
• Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
• Science and Development Magazine
• Department of the Environment (2018). Pezoporus flaviventris in Species Profile and Threats Database, Department of the Environment, Canberra. Available from: http://www.environment.gov.au/sprat.
Photos:
(1) – Feeding Western Ground Parrot….. the only photo’s of this bird in the wild was taken in 2005 the day before my birthday, what a gift that was. This is from my field season the next year. No nest has been found since 1913. by Brent Barrett – Flickr
(2) – Western Ground Parrot (Pezoporus flaviventris) by Brent Barrett from Dunedin, New Zealand [CC BY-SA 2.0 or CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – A Western Ground Parrot in Australia by Brent Barrett from Dunedin, New Zealand [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Stand and sing Western Ground Parrot (Pezoporus flaviventris) by Brent Barrett from Dunedin, New Zealand [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – This is officially one of the rarest images in exhistence Pezoporus wallicus flaviventris by Brent Barrett – Flickr
▷ The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians
90 to 100 cm.. of length and a weight of 1,5 to 1,7 kg.
The Hyacinth Macaw(Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) is the largest parrot; has a distinctive coloration, mostly blue intense, with different colors. Wings and tail below black. The basis of the bill and periocular ring, naked and yellow. The tail is very long, and its powerful bill Black is deeply curved and pointed.
The species Anodorhynchus glaucus, similar but smaller, extinct in the early 20th century, It may have been present in Bolivia.
The Hyacinth Macaw take advantage of a great diversity of habitats rich in various species of Palm trees with large seeds, of which feeds.
In the Brazilian Amazon avoid areas of more moisture, preferring lowland forests and seasonally wet formations with clear zones. In the drier parts of the northeast of Brazil inhabits areas of Plateau cut by Rocky valleys, steep with closed deciduous woodland, gallery forest and swamps with Mauritia flexuosa.
In the the Pantanal region birds frequent gallery forest with palm trees in areas covered with wet grass.
Apparently performs migratory movements.
Usually seen in pairs, family groups or small flocks (usually up to 10); much larger flocks reported before the decline.
Reproduction:
They nest in large tree hollows, in cracks in rocks from cliffs in the northeast of Brazil or in moriche or aguaje(Mauritia).
They usually put one or two eggs, although only one young usually survives if the second egg hatches a few days after the first, since the smaller calf cannot compete with the larger for food.
The incubation period lasts about a month, and the male will assist his partner while she incubates the eggs.
Young people remain with their parents up to three months of age. They reach maturity and begin to play on the seven years.
The breeding season is from August to December, Maybe a little later in areas of pantanal.
The palm nuts they take them from the own soil or plant (especially after a fire or when available as undigested remains in livestock droppings).
Other fruits that have information are the from the Ficus sp., as well as aquatic molluscs Pomacea.
Birds drink liquid from green palm fruits.
Distribution:
Its distribution includes the Centre of South America, Perhaps in several spacious separate areas.
In the Amazonia in For from the Tapajos River, to the East of the basin of the Tocantins River, extending to the South, possibly to the Northwestern area of Tocantins. At least before present North of the Amazon River (in Amapá, amazon and Roraima, Brazil) and perhaps some specimens can still inhabit, Although there is no known recent records.
A third important population focuses on habitats wetlands of the upper basin of the Paraguay River in the southwest of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, and extending into the adjacent area of the East of Bolivia and North end of Paraguay.
Reported as probable for the Mapori River to the South-East of Colombia (Vaupés).
Movements General residents but perhaps seasonal in the Amazon in relation to the ecology of the plants on which they feed.
The territory between the three current major distributions, can still be busy even though recent trends given, They seem to indicate that this seems unlikely.
Formerly common in some areas (for example, Mato Grosso). Now they are rather unevenly distributed, with the recent and likely declines continuous in its population due mainly to the illegal trade internal and to the smaller, but significant, international market of live birds. Also hunted for its feathers (especially Pari) and as food. Declining in some areas (for example Eastern Amazonia), because of the alteration or loss of habitat.
Total estimated wild population in 3000 (1.992). CITES Appendix I.
The Hyacinth Macaw It has been subjected to a massive illegal trade. At least 10.000 birds were captured in the wild, in the decade of 1980, with a 50% destined to the Brazilian market (Mittermeier et to the. 1990).
Among 1983-1984, more than 2.500 birds were moved out of Black Bay, Paraguay, with others 600 extra at the end of 1980 (J. Pryor in litt., 1998). Although these numbers are now much smaller, illegal trade continues (for example 10 bird went through a pet market in Santa Cruz, Bolivia, in August 2004 until July 2005, where the birds were changing hands for 1.000 $ US and went to Peru [Herrera and Hennessey 2007]). More recently it has been noted that there appears to be almost no illegal trade in this species in Bolivia (B. Hennessey in litt. 2012).
Through its area of distribution, There is something of the local game for use as food and for its feathers.
In the Amazon, habitat loss has occurred for cattle ranching and hydroelectric power systems in the rivers Tocantins and Xingu.
In the Pantanal, only the 5% trees S. apetala have suitable cavities (Guedes 1993, Johnson 1996). Young trees are used as food for livestock and burned by frequent fires (Newton 1994).
The Gerais is it being quickly transformed by mechanized agriculture, ranching and plantations of exotic trees (Conservation International 1999).
In Paraguay, the preferred habitats of the Hyacinth Macaw are considered seriously threatened (N. Kochalka Lopez in litt. 2013) and the Paso Bravo National Park suffering from illegal logging.
Conservation Actions Underway:
– CITES Appendix I and II, protected under Brazilian and Bolivian law and prohibition of exports from all countries of origin.
– Many landowners in the Pantanal (more and more in the Gerais) they do not allow hunters on their property.
– There are several studies long-term and conservation initiatives (for example. Anon 2004).
– Study of the range, the current status of the population and the scope of the negotiation of the different parts of its area of distribution (Snyder et to the., 2000).
– Assess the effectiveness of artificial nesting boxes (Snyder et to the., 2000).
– To enforce the legal measures that hinder trade.
– Experiment with ecotourism in one or two sites to encourage donors (Snyder et to the., 2000).
"Hyacinth Macaw" in captivity:
Rare up to 1970; then, starting at 1980, increased considerably in number of captive birds due to increased breeding.
Despite the prohibitions, many of these Macaws they are still trading at high prices (10.000 euros or more), due to its beauty and ease to mimic human language.
Rearing this species can be difficult and, Unfortunately, many chicks die each year in inexperienced hands.
From this page we strongly preserve these beautiful birds in their natural environment, sincerely not us seems reasonable to his tenure as a pet.
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Parrots, Parrots and macaws (Neotropical)
– Photos:
(1) – Hyacinth Macaw also known as Hyacinthine Macaw at Disney’s Animal Kingdom Park by Hank Gillette [CC BY-SA 3.0 or GFDL], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – A Hyacinth Macaw at Brevard Zoo, Florida, USA By Rusty Clark from merritt usland FLA (Brevard Zoo Hyacinth Macaw) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Hyacinthine Macaw at Melbourne Zoo, Australia By derivative work: Snowmanradio (talk)Anodorhynchus_hyacinthinus_-Australia_Zoo_-8.jpg: Erik (HASH) Hersman [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Hyacinth Macaws at Stone Zoo, Stoneham, Massachusetts, USA By Eric Kilby (originally posted to Flickr as Squawking Heads) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Hyacinthine Macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) By Ana_Cotta (originally posted to Flickr as ARARA) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Hyacinth Macaws, Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus at the Aquarium of the Americas in New Orleans, Louisiana By Derek Jensen [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – A pair of Hyacinth Macaws and thier nest in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil By Geoff Gallice from Gainesville, FL, USA (Hyacinth macaws) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(8) – A Hyacinth Macaw preening at the Aquarium of the Americas, New Orleans, USA By Quinn Dombrowski (originally posted to Flickr as Dainty) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(9) – Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus by Hans – Pixabay
(10) – Illustration Guacamayo Jacinto By Lear, Edward [CC BY 2.0 or Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
The Cobalt-winged Parakeet(Brotogeris cyanoptera) measured 15-21 cm.. in height and weighs around 67 g. Distinguishable on the fly by the cobalt blue of the the flight feathers; forecrown yellow and crown with blue dye; chin orange.
Has the tail short and acute. Its bill opaque beige es
(Berlepsch, 1889) – Has the forecrown light green, shoulder yellow and only a patch blue in half of the wing
.
Habitat:
Very common. It is found in secondary forest, riparian, edges and savanna, until the 600 m (occasional over of 1000 m). Fly in small flocks of 10 to 20 individuals (rare in couples), feed in the canopy.
Reproduction:
It nests in hollow and termite mounds on tree.
Food:
Its diet probably the same as for most species Brotogeris: fruit nectar, figs, berries and seeds.
Distribution:
Its population is distributed between the East of Colombia, Southwest of Venezuela to the North of Bolivia and Brazilian Amazon.
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