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Shawl-collared Lorikeet
Trichoglossus rosenbergii

Shawl-collared Lorikeet

Content


Anatomy-parrots

Description (1)

26 cm.. length and a weight between 132 and 150 gr.

The Shawl-collared Lorikeet (Trichoglossus rosenbergii) is very similar to the Trichoglossus haematodus, but with a stronger blue in the head.

The edges of the breast feathers they are much wider, It has a broad yellow stripe on the neck, ending at the highest point with a red band narrow, their abdomen Violet is blue also has a wide orange stripe inside the flight feather.

The bill is red-orange. The irises They are orange-red and legs grey.

Variation of the nominal (Trichoglossus Haematodus).

Habitat:

They are in a wide range of habitats, including settlements in forests, coconut plantations, savannahs and mangroves.

In their natural habitats, They form small groups noisy that feed on the upper canopy. Often they are seen in mixed flocks with other species of parrots. At night, Community are hundreds of birds.

Son pollinators important species coconut.

Reproduction:

Within its natural range, usually they begin breeding between September and October – although breeding has been recorded in most months.

The average clutch it consists of 2 to 3 eggs. The female incubated eggs for about 24 to 27 days and the young become independent when they are about 80 days old.

Food:

Its diet natural It consists mainly nectar and pollen, but also it includes fruits like figs, citrus, papaya and mangoes open fruit bats. They may also feed on moth pupae and insects.

Distribution:

Distribucion-Lori-de-Biak
The reflection of both in the province of Papua, Indonesian.

Conservation:


Vulnerable

The Shawl-collared Lorikeet has a single small population, that can be seen to be decreasing as a result of the loss and degradation of forests, by agriculture and logging subsistence and perhaps also for the capture for trade. So, is qualified as Vulnerable.

The bird population is assumed that can range from 3000-4000 birds.

Alternative names:

Shawl-collared Lorikeet, Biak Lorikeet, Rainbow Lorikeet (Biak) (ingles).
Loriquet de Biak (French).
Biaklori (German).
Loris Arco-Íris Rosenbergii (Portuguese).
Lori de Biak (español).

scientific classification:

Order: Psittaciformes
Family: Psittaculidae
Scientific name: Trichoglossus rosenbergii
Citation: Schlegel, 1871
Protonimo: Trichoglossus Rosenbergii

Images "Shawl-collared Lorikeet"

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    (1) – Subspecies Coconut Lorikeet (Trichoglossus haematodus)

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«Lori de Biak» (Trichoglossus rosenbergii)


Sources:

Avibase
– BirdLife.org

Photos: Rosenberg’s Lorikeet – animalphotos.me

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Painted Tiger-Parrot
Psittacella picta

Painted Tiger-Parrot

Content

Description

19 cm.. length and a weight between 48 and 60 g..

In adults of the Painted Tiger-Parrot (Psittacus erithacus), the head is predominantly Brown, but the colors of the top they are bright and warm, While the cheeks they are more off and more grey. One collar Yellow Strait decorates the neck. The plumage is green with black stripes. Rump and uppertail-coverts red. The wings They show a green with yellow stripes on the external threads and the flight feather. The underparts is yellowish-green.

The chin is brown, the upper part of the chest It has a central patch of blue. The coverts are orange-red. The rest of them underparts are a green medium, slightly clearer that the upperparts. The upper part of the tail is dark green. The bottom of the tail is blackish grey.

The bill is light grey and blue color with a white tip. The irises are reddish orange, the legs dark gray.

The collar Yellow is absent in the female. The cheeks they are dyed blue. The chest black and yellow colors absent. In the upperparts abounds over the scratched.

The immature they are similar to females.

Distribution 3 subspecies

  • Psittacella picta picta

    (Rothschild, 1896) – Nominal.


  • Psittacella picta lorentzi

    – (Victoria, 1910) Adults as the nominal species but the crown and the surroundings are color marron-oliva; cheeks teal, with a green darker in ear-coverts; rump and uppertail-coverts greenish yellow striped with black.


  • Psittacella picta excelsa

    – (Mayr & Gilliard, 1951) Males as the nominal, but the Crown is colored bright marron-oliva. The female is like the female of the nominal species but with the head color glossy marron-oliva; the throat and cheeks heavily washed in blue.

Habitat:

The Painted Tiger-Parrot they live in the mountains, in forest areas where can be seen especially at edges and clearings. They are also found in the moss-covered forests, the secondary forest, and in the thickets of Alpine and subalpine areas. These birds can be downloaded at 1.370 m. In the southeast of its distribution area, they tend to be distributed at lower altitudes than in other places. But, their preferred Habitat is between the 2.400 and 4.000 m, just above the Brehm's Tiger-Parrot (Psittacella brehmii).

The birds are generally quiet, but not shy, and move individually, in pairs or in groups of up to six members; It has been observed feeding on groups, mixed with the Madarasz's Tiger-Parrot. They often feed in low bushes or on the ground.

Reproduction:

Little is known about the ecology of the species and the only information on reproductive behavior is that birds in breeding conditions have been observed in the months of June and August..

Food:

The diet It includes seeds, berries and the fruit of conifers Dacrydium.

Distribution:

Endemic to the central band of the mountain of New Guinea. Restricted to the high montane forests, from the West of the Maoke through the central mountains, including the Tari region, about Kandep, Mount Hagen, Monte, Kubor up to the Owen Stanley mountain range in the Southeast. The world's population is believed to be superior to the 100.000 specimens.

Distribution 3 subspecies:

  • Psittacella picta picta

    (Rothschild, 1896) – Nominal.


  • Psittacella picta lorentzi

    – It is located on the westernmost stretch (Sudirman mountains).


  • Psittacella picta excelsa

    – Occupied the mountains Central of Papua New Guinea.

Conservation:

• Current IUCN Red List category: Unrecognized

Según «The World Parrot Trust«, in accordance with Tony Juniper, the world's population is superior to 100 000 individuals.

According to the Manual, This species, Although relatively dispersed, may be locally common. Despite its small extension, se clasifica como «least concern» por las distintas organizaciones ornitológicas.

"Painted Tiger-Parrot" in captivity:

Not found in poultry.

Alternative names:

Painted Tiger-Parrot, Painted Parrot, Painted Tiger Parrot, Timberline Parrot, Timberline Tiger-Parrot (ingles).
Perruche peinte (French).
Braunscheitelpapagei, Braunscheitel-Papagei (German).
Psittacella picta (Portuguese).
Lorito Pintado, Lorito tigre Pintado, Lorito-tigre Pintado (español).

scientific classification:

Order: Psittaciformes
Family: Psittaculidae
Genus: Psittacella
Scientific name: Psittacella picta
Citation: Rothschild, 1896
Protonimo: Psittacella picta

Images "Painted Tiger-Parrot"

Videos "Painted Tiger-Parrot"

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«Lorito-tigre Pintado» (Psittacella picta)

Sources:

Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
Wikipedia

Photos:

(1) – Psittacella picta near Lake Habbema – BIRDING AROUND THE WORLD

Sounds: Hans Matheve (Xeno-canto)

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Great Green Macaw
Ara ambiguus


Guacamayo Ambiguo

Content

Description:

Ilustración Guacamayo Ambiguo

77 to 85 cm.. length and an average weight of 1300 g..
The Great Green Macaw (Ara ambiguus) has the forecrown and the former area of the lores dark red; crown bright green, bluish in the nape. The the mantle and back Green olive: scapulars of the same colour but some with blue tips; rump and uppertail-coverts bright pale blue, lesser and median coverts greenish oliva-marron; greater coverts bluish green. The primaries and secondaries blue, more dark in the margin of the vane inner. Wing feathers color olive; rest of underwing-coverts color oro-oliva.

Black feathers off at the top of the throat bordering the lower jaw; rest of the throat, the chest and the belly brighter yellowish green, feathers on the lower area of the abdomen with red bases hidden; undertail- coverts pale blue. Under, the tail, reddish orange in the Center with blue tips, increasingly blue outer feathers and more completely blue external; undertail, the tail, color oro-oliva.

upper jaw Blackish at the base, color Horn towards the tip and edges, lower jaw negruzca; bare skin of the lores posterior and cheeks of pink color crossed by narrow lines of dark red feathers in sabers and black in the cheeks; irises pale yellow, legs dark grey.

Both sexes similar.

The tail of the immature opaque yellow-tipped, the plumage duller than the adult Green (especially below), the irises brown.

The older adult birds sometimes show patches of Turquoise in the plumage, especially in rear of the neck and the chest.

NOTE:

    The Military Macaw (Ara militaris) is so similar to this species, in German are called minor military Macaw (Militaris) and greater (ambiguous).

    An Ecuadorean specimen intermediate between the Great Green Macaw (Ara ambiguus) and the Military Macaw (Ara militaris) suggests one hybridization, thus increasing the possibility that the two forms are the same species. Although separate from the ecological point of view.

    The Ambiguous macaws and Military could be in contact in the lower part of the Valle del Cauca in Colombia, and in the Northwest of Ecuador and West Colombia. The Great Green Macaw (mainly from moist lowland forests) use deciduous forests, While the Military Macaw (mainly of dry upland forest) are also recorded in humid lowland forests. Both make seasonal movements and in the case of the Military Macaw, they perform movements of long distance between their preferred habitats.

    The length of the tail and of the wings of the Mexican military Macaw and species nominal of the Great Green Macaw, They show a considerable overlap. Waiting to collect more details, the Great Green Macaw and the Military Macaw are here treated as separate species.

Subspecies description:

  • Ara ambiguus ambiguus

    (Bechstein, 1811) – The nominal species


  • Ara ambiguus guayaquilensis

    (Chapman, 1925) – The bill smaller, with a more greenish color under the flight feathers and under the tail.

Habitat:

The Great Green Macaw they are very shy birds and difficult to see, usually found at no lower altitudes of 35 meters in the treetops. They feed in silence and many times could be up to more than five hours in a same tree.

Mainly observed in moist lowland forests, but also in deciduous forests in the Chongon region to the southwest of Ecuador.

In Costa Rica in the primary forest of low and clear land with tall trees, from time to time in the lower montane forests. Crossing open between forest fragments fields and visit remnants of trees of the species Dipteryx on forest pastures.

Remote forests in Panama.

In Ecuador inhabits humid lowlands, deciduous forest and Montane forest low but also visit more open areas for feeding.

They come to the 600 metres in the Cordillera de Guanacaste, Costa Rica; between 1.000 and more rarely 1.500 m, in Darien, Panama.

Less sociable than other large macaws, Although usually seen in pairs, in groups of 3-4, and more rarely in groups of up to twelve birds.

Reproduction:

Form pairs of lifetime and are almost true to their nests, nesting from December to June. Most couples put the first egg at the end of January and by February the nests are already with hatchlings. The female incubates the eggs, While the male brings food to the nest. Both parents are responsible for feeding the pigeons, to do so approximately every two hours. They are birds that take care of their chicks until they can fend for themselves., They even take care of them until that hatch the chicks of the season.

The average clutch consists of 2 – 3 white eggs, they are incubated by the female for a few 26 days. The babies are blind, nude and completely dependent on the care of parents; they weigh around 23 g..

The chicks are fed by both parents and they leave the nest When you have about 12 – 13 weeks of age. At the time they leave the nest, usually weigh between 930-985 g..

A nest in Guayas, Ecuador, in the cavity of a tree of the species Cavanillesia platanifolia. Reported nestings between August-October in Ecuador. Breeding during the dry season (December-April) in Costa Rica.

Food:

The diet of the Great Green Macaw includes fruits of Lecythis costaricensis, Dipteryx panamensis, Sloanea, Dalium guianensis and Ficus, and flowers of Symphonia globulifera.

Feeds in the treetops.

Distribution:

Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 100,000 km2

Its distribution ranges from the East of Honduras to western Colombia and West of Ecuador.

Observed in the lowlands of the Caribbean from the east of Honduras through this of Nicaragua to the lowlands of Costa Rica especially on the slope of the Caribbean, including the Cordillera de Guanacaste.

In Panama especially on the slope of the Caribbean, but also locally in the peaceful. From East Panama to the tropical zone to the West of Colombia, on Western Cordillera of the Andes and South to the upper area of the Atrato River and Serrania del Baudo (possibly up to Buenaventura) and East towards the north end of the Andes in the West of the upper part of the Sinu river valley.

In West Ecuador observed mostly from the Colonche hills, Northwest of Guayaquil; also further north, in Esmeraldas, possibly in the extreme southwest of Colombia, although the forests here are, Perhaps, too wet (See geographic variation).

Numbers fluctuate locally due to seasonal foraging movements. Local appearances in Costa Rica they often coincide with the fruiting of trees of the species Dipteryx.

Local, being the most common of the great macaws in Panama. But, in general, Rare, with the decline in recent large scale of its population due to obvious deforestation in the range.

Extinguished much of Ecuador, where the population (only 100 birds) It is threatened by loss of habitat due to urbanization and agriculture.

The exploitation of trees of the species Dipteryx It poses a serious threat in Costa Rica.

They occur in several protected areas, including the The Darien biosphere reserve, Panama, Río Plátano Biosphere Reserve, Honduras and Cotacachi-Cayapas ecological reserve, Ecuador, but seasonal pilgrimages suggest that these areas are insufficient on their own to preserve populations.

Less common than Military Macaw (Ara militaris) in captivity and bred rarely. CITES Appendix I. VULNERABLE (included as subspecies of the Military Macaw Necklace et to the. 1994).

Subspecies distribution:

  • Ara ambiguus ambiguus

    (Bechstein, 1811) – The nominal species


  • Ara ambiguus guayaquilensis

    (Chapman, 1925) – In critical hazard; they live in the wild in limited sectors of the western part of the Ecuador; its habitat is characteristic in humid tropical and dry forests of the Ecuadorian coast

Conservation:

State of conservation ⓘ


Endangered Endangered (UICN)ⓘ

• Current Red List of UICN: Danger
• Population trend: Decreasing

Recent estimates suggest that the population has less than 2.500 mature individuals (or less than 3.700 in total if we include juveniles and immature); the largest subpopulation would be found in Darien, to the East of Panama, with less than 1.700 mature individuals (or less than 2.500 in total). Still you have to be careful, due to that in non-breeding times can form groups of 50 individuals or more, It can be qe will overestimate their populations. It also, Although it is most abundant in Darien, It is found in specific areas, finding numerous areas without copies.

THREATS

LOSS OF HABITAT: In Central America, deforestation among other things to increase banana plantations and cattle ranching, as well as logging for other reasons, they have strongly affected. In fact, annual deforestation rates are very high throughout its range, and deforestation in Panama likely to be superior to the 30% its original range. In other countries like Costa Rica and Ecuador its range has also been reduced in recent 100 years. Urbanization and agriculture that have destroyed their habitat have resulted in great part with the subspecies of the Ecuador.

These may include, the Zona Norte (Costa Rica) has suffered the highest rate of deforestation in the country in the last two decades, both legal and illegal, leaving less than a 30% the forest on foot. But, It is important to mention that several scientific studies highlight the high level of biodiversity of the forests of the North Huetar region, among the most diverse of Central America.

As well, Although there are few protected areas for these birds as the Indio-Maíz Biological Reserve of Nicaragua, where they found an extensive habitat conducive to its development; However, Incursions by Costa Rican loggers to the other side of the San Juan River, so this reservation, one of the most important of Central America It is also not safe from chainsaws.

CAPTURE ILLEGAL: the illegal trade that exists with the Great Green Macaw for use as a pet is a factor that jeopardizes its existence.
They are also captured because their feathers are used to make paintings about them.

HUNTING: It also seems that sometimes fires them as a pest to crops.

CONSERVATION MEASURES

With regard to the threats, of course it is your hunt forbidden for the trade, power or to obtain their feathers, Although often living standards are not met.

Is located in the CITES both in Appendix I and II as.

RESERVATIONS: It is very important for these birds the Darien biosphere reserve, Panama, and the adjacent Los Katíos National Natural Park, Colombia. There are also other important reserves in all the countries covered, although they provide little protection for these birds..

In Costa Rica, Although it was a proposed moratorium on logging the almond trees, This finally was not carried out. On the other hand, a Government-backed conservation strategy is being implemented in Ecuador.

Proof that the investigation in these cases is important, is that in 2007, a rapid assessment study looking for last survivors in the Cordillera-Chongon Colonche, Ecuador, gave positive results.

On the other hand, There is a bi-national campaign in the lowlands of the San Juan River (Nicaragua and Costa Rica), which aims to increase knowledge of biology, threats and conservation, and strengthen the management of natural resources.

The Research and conservation of the Great Green Macaw project dedicated since 1994 to the study of the conservation biology of the Great Green Macaw on Zona Norte (Costa Rica) and it has an important biological database on this species, in fact the only information of this type that exists in Central America, according to the same source. This project was initiated to concerns that its population was restricted and that the forest was also be sacrificing at a very fast pace. The project is supported from 1997 by the Tropical Scientific Center, the same body that administers the The Monteverde Cloud forest biological reserve. The concern was justified when the first phase of the study determined that the area of distribution of the Great Green Macaw in Costa Rica had been reduced by 90% Since the beginning of the 20th century.

In Costa Rica have been reproduced in captivity at some sites, as the ZOOAVE Zoo.

PROPOSED CONSERVATION MEASURES:

• One of them is to make effective the protection in the reserves of Honduras and Nicaragua.

• Another is to designate the proposed Maquenque National Park, in Costa Rica.

• Trade should be restricted through law enforcement and educational campaigns.

• Finally, it would be very interesting to acquire private reserves in certain areas, to ensure the same protection.

"Great Green Macaw" in captivity:

Less common than Military Macaw (Ara militaris) in captivity and bred rarely.

The Great Green Macaw only recommended for experienced handlers and breeders. There are more silent than other macaws and can be kept with other large macaws outside of the breeding season.

Breeding pairs require long flights of at least 15 m. These parrots are not suitable for the interior of a House.

With regard to its longevity, according to sources, one specimen was still alive after 29 years in captivity.

Alternative names:

Great Green Macaw, Buffon’s Macaw, Grand Military Macaw, Green Macaw (English).
Ara de Buffon, Grand Ara vert (French).
Bechsteinara, Bechstein-Ara, Grosser Soldatenara (German).
Arara-militar-grande (Portuguese).
Guacamaya Verdelimón, Guacamayo Ambiguo, Guacamayo de Cara Blanca, Guacamayo verde mayor, Guara verde, Lapa Verde (español).
Guacamaya Verdelimón, Gucamaya verde limón (Colombia).
Guacamayo verde mayor, Lapa Verde (Costa Rica).
Guacamayo verde mayor (Ecuador).
Bagarapabara (Emberá).


scientific classification:

Johann Matthew Bechstein
Johann Matthew Bechstein

Order: Psittaciformes
Family: Psittacidae
Genus: ARA
Scientific name: Ara ambiguus
Citation: (Bechstein, 1811)
Protonimo: Psittacus ambiguus


Images Great Green Macaw:

Videos "Great Green Macaw"

«Guacamayo Ambiguo» (Ara ambiguus)


Species of the genus Ara


Sources:

Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife

Photos:

(1) – Great Green Macaw in the zoo in Hodonín, Czech Republic By Bohuna Mikulicová (Hodonín Zoo) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Ara ambigua from Zoo Schmiding By Alois Staudacher (Own work) [GFDL or CC-BY-SA-3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Great Green Macaw (also known as Buffon’s Macaw). A male in a cage By Ruth Rogers (originally posted to Flickr as Male Buffon’s Macaw) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Ara ambiguus at the zoo at Paradise Village Resort, Nuevo Vallarta, Nayarit, Mexico By Riley Huntley (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 or GFDL], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Ara ambiguus, La Selva, Costa Rica By Don Faulkner (Great Green Macaw) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Onze vogels in huis en tuin By Keulemans, J. G. [CC BY 2.0 or Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

Sounds: (Xeno-canto)

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Blue-throated Parakeet
Pyrrhura cruentata

Blue-throated Parakeet

Content

Description:

Blue-throated Parakeet
30 cm.. length and 90 g. of weight.

The Blue-throated Parakeet (Pyrrhura cruentata) It is a very colorful bird; has the forecrown, crown and rear of the neck, dark brown with pale orange sides and with some feathers (especially posteriorly) giving speckled appearance; lores, cheeks top, supercilii area and ear-coverts, dull red, merging on sides of neck with yellowish patch bordered behind by blue band running across nape; bottom of the cheeks, green.

Mantle, back and scapulars, green; broad crimson patch on lower back and rump; uppertail-coverts green. Bend of wing bright red; upperwing-coverts green. Outerwebs of the primaries, blue, green on the innerwebs; secondaries green on outerweb, Gray on innerwebs; flight feather with dark tips; infra-wing coverts minor, olive green, the gray greater coverts; underside of flight feather, olive gray wash. Chin green; the throat and the top chest, blue with some dark tips; underparts green with a patch of variable size of crimson color on the belly. Upper, the tail It is golden in color with green tint; brown below. Bill grey; bare periophthalmic grey; irises yellow orange; legs grey.

Both sexes similar, but the irises perhaps brighter in the male. Immature more off, with less red at bend of wing.

  • Sound of the Blue-throated Parakeet.

Habitat:

The Blue-throated Parakeet inhabit, mainly, in primary forests of the Atlantic forest or on the edges of forests and, sometimes, in slightly modified natural forests, penetrate into agricultural areas where tall forest trees shade cocoa crops. Unknown seasonal and dry forests. (Usually in lowlands below 400 m, but 960 metres in Minas Gerais, Brazil, usually in flocks of 6-20 birds(mainly 8-12), at least where they are locally common.

Reproduction:

Nests in tree hollows. The breeding, apparently, It occurs in the austral spring, from June to October. Clutch 2-4.

Food:

The diet of the Blue-throated Parakeet includes plants of Talisia esculenta, Alchornea iricurana, Mabea fistulifera, Trema micrantha and Cecropia. The fruits of Miconia hypoleuca can be important in times of scarcity. Birds feeding in the canopy and the lower edge vegetation, never out of the woods; Once he observed feeding on the Golden-capped Parakeet (Aratinga auricapillus).

Distribution and status:

Size of its range (breeding/resident): 281.000 km2

endemic to eastern Brazil, from Bahia until Rio de Janeiro. They were formerly known from Jequié and islanders, Bay, but the latest reports are North Jequitinhonha River, south of which, reports come from remaining patches of forest (including the Monte Pascoal National Park) to the border Holy Spirit.

The birds continue in the few wooded areas of eastern Minas Gerais, Brazil as the Rio Doce State Park, the Book Caratinga (about Raúl Soares) and about Mantena and several locations in northern Espirito Santo, including Biological reserves Great stream and Sooretama and neighboring Linhares Sooretama reserve. It is apparently absent from the southern state but survives near Desengano State Park in the State of Rio de Janeiro, the southernmost site which have been observed recently.

Resident. Common and widespread at the end of the 19th century, but decreased dramatically with massive deforestation within its range due to agriculture, speak, mining, roads and urban development. The final bastion (the only place where birds remain common) It is complex reserve Sooretama / Linhares; much smaller numbers exist in other forest remnants (protected but widely separated). Habitat loss continues in Bay with some sites (for example Monte Pascoal) under intense pressure.

Rare in captivity, but trapping for illegal trade is an additional threat. Listed in Appendix I of the CITES and protected by Brazilian law.

Conservation:

State of conservation ⓘ


Vulnerable Vulnerable (UICN)ⓘ

• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Vulnerable.

• Population trend: Decreasing.

• Population size : 2500-9999 individuals.

Rationale for the Red List category

This species survives in scattered fragments of Atlantic Forest, where the extent of suitable habitat continues to decline rapidly. The remaining populations are small, severely fragmented into isolated reserves, where protection is largely inadequate and are suspected to be declining rapidly. So, qualifies as Vulnerable.

Justification of the population

The population is calculated in the number 2.500-9.999 mature individuals based on an evaluation of known records, descriptions of abundance and size range. This is consistent with estimates of population density recorded for congeners or close relatives with similar body size, and the fact that only a proportion of its distribution area is occupied. This estimate is equivalent to 3.750-14.999 individuals, rounded here to 3.500-15.000 individuals.

Justification of trend

continued rapid population decline is suspected because rates loss of habitat.

Threats

The extensive and continuous clearing of the forest You are responsible for its current fragmented distribution. Their apparent tolerance to shade cocoa plantations provides little hope because shading techniques since the early 1980 They have involved the use of banana trees and Erythrina, rather than stand, and unstable prices have led to conversion to pasture. Many remaining populations are affected by site-specific threats, as conflicts between habitat conservation and the rights of local communities in the Monte Pascoal National Park. The capture for the cage bird trade It is a relatively new phenomenon, Although the species is rare in domestic and international markets.

Conservation Actions Underway

CITES Appendix I. It is considered nationally Vulnerable in Brazil (Silveira y Straube 2008, MMA 2014), and is protected by Brazilian law. It is in the National Parks of Chapada da Diamantina and Monte Pascoal, on Experimental Station Barrolândia, on Linhares Forest Reserve, on Book Caratinga, in sweet River and probably in the Desengano State Parks, and in the Biological Reserves Great Stream, Deer Stream and Sooretama (Wege and Long 1995).

Conservation Actions Proposed

Survey to locate additional populations and protect undetected (Snyder et to the., 2000), especially in southern Bay and northeast of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Ensure protection de facto key reserves, especially Sooretama, Linhares and Vera Cruz Station. Confiscation of birds of trade and well-planned release of these birds in areas of the previous range of species to improve recovery and connectivity of disjunct populations (J. Gilardi in little).

"Blue-throated Parakeet" in captivity:

Protected by CITES Appendix I.

Rara in national and international markets. Each captive specimen of this species which is capable of reproducing, must be placed in a well-managed captive breeding program and not sold as a pet, in order to ensure its long-term survival.

Alternative names:

Black-tailed Parakeet, Blue throated Conure, Blue throated Parakeet, Blue-chested Parakeet, Blue-throated Conure, Blue-throated Parakeet, Ochre Marked Conure, Ochre-marked Parakeet, Red-eared Parakeet, Red-rumped Parakeet (English).
Conure tiriba, Perriche tiriba, Perruche tiriba (French).
Blaulatzsittich, Blaulatz-Sittich (German).
cara-suja, fura-mato, tiriba, tiriba-fura-mato, Tiriba-grande, tiriva (Portuguese).
Cotorra Tiriba, Perico Grande (español).


scientific classification:

Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied
Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied

Order: Psittaciformes
Family: Psittacidae
Genus: Pyrrhura
Scientific name: Pyrrhura cruentata
Citation: (Wied-Neuwied, 1820)
Protonimo: bloody parrot


Images Blue-throated Parakeet:



Especies del género Pyrrhura

Blue-throated Parakeet (Pyrrhura cruentata)


Sources:

Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
Birdlife

Photos:

(1) – Ochre-marked Parakeet (also known as Blue-chested Parakeet, Blue-throated Parakeet, or Blue-throated Conure) at Palmitos Park, Gran Canaria, one of the Canary islands, Spain By ipfreaks (originally posted to Flickr as Papagei) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Blue-chested Parakeet, (Pyrrhura cruentata) also known as Blue-throated Parakeet or Blue-throated Conure. Pet parrot By ➨ Redvers (originally posted to Flickr as Hector and toy 8) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Blue-chested Parakeet (Pyrrhura cruentata) also known as Blue-throated Parakeet or Blue-throated Conure at Central Park Zoo, New York, USA By Claire Houck [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Blue-chested Parakeet (Pyrrhura cruentata) also known as Blue-throated Parakeet or Blue-throated Conure. Pet with yellow toy By ➨ Redvers (originally posted to Flickr as Hector and toy 4) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Blue-chested Parakeet (also known as Blue-throated Parakeet or Blue-throated Conure); two on a perch By TJ Lin [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr

Sounds: Jeremy Recall, XC85365. accessible www.xeno-canto.org/85365

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Coconut Lorikeet (massena)
T. haematodus massena


Coconut Lorikeet (massena)

Content

Description (1)

25 cm.. length.

The Coconut Lorikeet (massena) (Trichoglossus haematodus massena) is a variation of the nominal (Trichoglossus Haematodus).

The plumage is similar to the of the Ornate Lory except that it is usually paler. The head is blue, ending at the nape with dark brown feathers interspersed with more Brown clear. The chest is reddish color with a narrow dark blue edging. In some cases, You can see some yellow zones in chest plumage. The abdomen is green; but there may be some kind of marking on the lower abdomen blue-violet.

The eyes are orange brown in juveniles and adult. The beak is orange-red.

Distribution:

Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu.

Conservation:

This species is endangered due to habitat loss and capture for the pet trade.

Alternative names:

Coconut Lorikeet (massena) (ingles).
Loriquet à tête bleue (massena) (French).
Allfarblori (massena) (German).
Lóris-arco-íris (massena) (Portuguese).
Lori Arcoiris Massena, Tricogloso de Pecho Rojo (massena) (español).

scientific classification:

Order: Psittaciformes
Family: Psittaculidae
Scientific name: Trichoglossus haematodus massena
Genus: Trichoglossus
Citation: Bonaparte, 1854
Protonimo: Trichoglossus massena

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    (1) – Subspecies Coconut Lorikeet (Trichoglossus haematodus)

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«Lori Arcoiris Massena» (Trichoglossus haematodus massena)


Sources:

Avibase

Photos: animalphotos.me

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Blue-naped Parrot
Tanygnathus lucionensis


Blue-naped Parrot

Content


Anatomy-parrots

Description

31 cm.. length between 148 and 231 g. of weight.

The Blue-naped Parrot (Tanygnathus lucionensis) has the head bright green with a clear bright blue diffusion through the back of the crown and nape.

Upperparts yellowish-green with pale blue illuminated on the back low and the tail; upper tail coverts brighter yellowish green.

Scapulars blue, with green edges; shoulder Black with small coverts Black bordered of blue-green and orange Green; median black and pale blue, large edges of opaque orange brown; greater coverts Blue-Green lined with orange-yellow in the feathers interiors.

Secondary Green with yellow and narrow margins; primaries Greens with vane blackish internal.

Wing feathers green, underside of primaries blackish.

Upper, the tail green, narrow edge and yellowish tip laterally; undertail, the tail yellowish brown opaque.

Bill red, paler at the tip and the lower jaw; irises yellow; legs grey.

Both sexes are equal.

Immature with less blue in the crown and more off the brands of the wings.

Subspecies:

  • Tanygnathus lucionensis lucionensis

    : The nominal.


  • Tanygnathus lucionensis hybridus

    : It has the most extended head blue, with violet tone. Their wings are greener.


  • Tanygnathus lucionensis talautensis

    : No blue in the obispillo and their plumage is less yellowish.


  • Tanygnathus lucionensis [salvadorii u horrisonus]:

Habitat:

Blue-naped Parrot

It is a bird of forests closed and open, including secondary growth, coconut plantations, patches of mangrove and banana to the 1.000 meters above sea level; and not so strongly linked to coastal habitats as the Great-billed Parrot. Is usually found in flocks of up to 12 individuals who sit in community and make regular flights at dawn and in the evening between the feeding and resting areas. Feeds on fruit trees.

Reproduction:

The breeding It has been observed in the months of April to June. Registered a nest the natural cavity or abandoned Woodpecker hole, often a clear. There is no data on the size of the laying.

Food:

Fruits and seeds of forest trees, Palm fruit, young coconuts, the banana and papaya.

Distribution:

The population of the Blue-naped Parrot distributes lengthwise of the Philippines and Talaud Islands, (Indonesian). Specific records found on the islands of Balut, Bantavan, Basilan, Biliran, Bohol, Bongao, Cagayan Islands, Calamian Islands, Caluya, Cebu, Cuimaras, Jolo, Leyte, Luzon, Maestre de Campo, Malanipa, Manuk Manka, Marinduque, Masbate, Mindanao, Mindoro, Blacks, Palawan, Surigao del Sur, Polillo Islands, Romblon, Samar, Sanga Sanga, Sarangani Islands, Samal, Sibay, Sibutu, Sibuyan, Siquijor, Tables, Tawitawi, Ticao, Tumindao and Verde (Philippines); Karakelong and Salibabu (Talaud).

Apparently, small groups of birds in Mantanani Kiss (Northwest Sabah), and SI-Amil (until 100 birds present in 1962) and Maratua off the northeast coast of Borneo; The existence of a wild population was also reported around Kota Kinabalu, (Sabah).

Occasional leaks occur in other parts, including the Sangir Islands.

The species was described as common in Salibabu in the Group of Talaud in 1978 (more numerous there than the Azure-rumped parrot) and they are still regularly seen there and in the nearby Karakelong during observations in 1995 (Numerous in a last record in 1997).

In other areas the species is rare. Recent records in Philippines they come mainly from Mindoro and Palawan, places that seem to be the bastion of the species.

Subspecies:

  • Tanygnathus lucionensis lucionensis

    : The nominal.

  • Tanygnathus lucionensis hybridus

    : (Salomonsen, 1952) – Present in Polillo island, to the North of Philippines.

  • Tanygnathus lucionensis talautensis

    : (AB Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1895) – Talaud Islands (North Moluccas).

  • Tanygnathus lucionensis [salvadorii u horrisonus]:

    (Ogilvie-Grant, 1896) – Philippines, (except North), but it can be rare or extinct on many islands. Also in some small islands off Northwest and northeast of Borneo (If Amil, Mantanani), where it was possibly introduced, especially on this last island.

Conservation:


Near-threatened


• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Near threatened

• Population trend: Decreasing

The total population is provisionally estimated to be below the 10,000 specimens in 1993 (Lambert et to the. 1993).

The population is suspected to be in decline due to capture for the bird trade and habitat degradation from expansion and logging due to agricultural pressures..

Conservation Actions Proposed Palawan:

– Determine the impact of trade on the population of the species.
– Revise its estimate of the world population.
– Estimate the rates of decline based on the rates of deforestation within its range.
– Protect effectively important extensions of high forest with trees suitable to nest in key places throughout its distribution area, both in the areas of strict protection, such as multi-use areas.

"Blue-naped Parrot" in captivity:

pretty calm.
Occasionally available.

Alternative names:

Blue-naped Parrot, Blue naped Parrot (ingles).
Perruche de Luçon, Perroquet à couronne (French).
Blaunackenpapagei, Blaunacken-Papagei (German).
Papagaio-de-nuca-azul (Portuguese).
Loro de Nuca Azul, Loro Nuquiazul (español).

scientific classification:

Order: Psittaciformes
Family: Psittaculidae
Genus: Tanygnathus
Scientific name: Tanygnathus lucionensis
Citation: (Linnaeus, 1766)
Protonimo: Psittacus lucionensis

“Blue-naped Parrot” images:

Videos "Blue-naped Parrot"

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«Loro Nuquiazul» (Tanygnathus lucionensis)

Sources:

Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
Wikipedia
– Birdlife

Photos:

(1) – By Quartl (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – By Joelle Rene Hughes (originally posted to Flickr as jr_parrot10) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – WILD BIRDS of the PHILIPPINES – Subic rainforest, Bataan, December 5, 2007 by Romy Ocon
(4) – By TJ Lin [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – «Tanygnathus lucionensis qtl2» by QuartlOwn work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons.
(6) – « Tanygnathus lucionensis – Barraband ». Licensed public via domain Wikimedia Commons.

Sounds: Arend Wassink (Xeno-canto)

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Blue-headed Macaw
Primolius couloni


Guacamayo Cabeciazul

Content

Description:

Of 41 cm.. in length and a weight that varies between 207 and 294 g..

The rare and beautiful Blue-headed Macaw (Primolius couloni), with its striking and vivid plumage green and blue, Unfortunately, now hardly seen in nature.

As its common name indicates, the head is blue, the forecrown with a narrow band of black color that will fade in blue on the area of the crown; the ear-coverts and both sides of the neck are blue, fading to green in the area of the nape. Upperparts olive green with light tint in the tail and in the uppertail-coverts. Small, large and medium-sized coverts green interiors; the large coverts Blue exterior. The flight feather are blue top (with a bit of green in high schools), by below, Yellow olive. Underparts green, slightly more yellow than the upper. The upper part of the tail is an intense Brown, while the underparts is yellowish-green.

The bill is black, Ivory at the end; the bare skin of the lores and the top of the cheeks it is gray with a bluish tint and crossed in front by very small lines of black feathers: the irises yellow; legs grayish pink.

Both sexes are similar, the male, possibly, largest average.

The immature with the irises dark. The bill is completely black and the legs more grey. The skin of the face and lores (area between the beak and eyes) is white. Depending on your age, have queues shorter.

NOTE:

    In close relationship with the Yellow-collared Macaw (Primolius auricollis) and the Blue-winged Macaw (Primolius maracana); it has sometimes been considered congeneric with the latter. monotypic.

Habitat:

The Blue-headed Macaw distributed by humid tropical forests, at altitudes between 150 and 1,550 m. They prefer habitats altered or partially open, mainly in forest edges along rivers, in the clearings and in partially wooded areas surrounding; There are also records of these macaws in marshy areas of forest with Mauritia Palms.

This species prefers possibly the wooded foothills of lowlands.

He is not very sociable: The flocks with the largest number of individuals appear between June and October, usually traveling in pairs or groups of three individuals; apparently, not associated with the Chestnut-fronted Macaw.

Reproduction:

Known that the reproduction of these birds is correlated with the period of greatest abundance of food due to the breeding of pigeons (before and after leaving the nest) It requires a lot of energy expenditure.
There are no records of their reproductive period, However there has been during the months of April to June shown to the parents with their chicks and that in Peru, species Mauritia flexuosa "guaje" and Dipterix odorata "odorata" are key to its reproduction.

In captivity they reproduce couples chosen by them and have of two to three eggs, two chicks being generally viable.

Food:

The Blue-headed Macaw they feed mainly on seeds, mature and immature fruit, and flowers, occasionally supplemented with bark and other inputs.

Unlike many other birds, the parrots of the New world They seem to not be able to modify your diet to predominately insectivorous, reason why they are intimately linked to the patterns of flowering and fruit production (Brightsmith et to the, 2008). They have a strong dependency of the colpas clay.

Distribution:

Distributed by the Western basin of the amazon at the West end of Brazil (in Acre, from time to time), Peru Eastern and in the Northwest corner of Bolivia.

In Peru are known from the top of the Valley of the Huallaga River in Loreto, San Martin and Huanuco (including the outskirts of Tingo Maria), in a town on the eastern slope of the National Park of the Sierra of the Divisor in the basin Ucayali, in the basins of the Curanja River and Purus River, in the Apurimac River in the Cuzco and Mother of God to the West of Puerto Maldonado, around Puerto Maldonado and the Tambopata River to 50 km of the border with Bolivia; You can see in the Manu National Park.

In Bolivia have been found in Peace and perhaps in the South of Beni with indications that the birds are distributed regularly to the South, in the Eastern foothills of the Andes to the South of Bolivia.

Local and erratic in its distribution, but apparently quite common in some places. Perhaps the enlargement of its range is fairly limited in the southwest of the Amazonia due to the degradation of forests.

Rare in captivity.

Conservation:


Vulnerable

• Red List category of the UICN current: Vulnerable

• Population trend: Decreasing

Until recently it was considered quite common., but a review in 2006 by BirdLife International suggested that it was rare, with a decrease in the total population to the 1.000-2.500 individuals. Thus, has been placed in the category in danger of extinction in the 2007 (Red list of the UICN).

Parts of the distribution of this species are still little known, but Tobias and Brightsmith (2007) It has been suggested that the previous estimates were too low, with the most probable real number of 9.200 to 46.000 mature individuals. It is suggested that vulnerable could be a more appropriate category for this species.

The Blue-headed Macaw It is commonly found in the markets of Brazil, still valuable, prices above the 12.000 $, and in high demand due to their rarity.

OBJECTIVES:

Information about the actual state of conservation of the species. It also, This project, that is being conducted under a partnership with the Government of Peru, includes other project, in this case for the conservation of the Grey-cheeked Parakeet, classified as "endangered".

STRATEGIES:

The two projects include the definition of methods for determining the density of populations in key places, the evaluation of the level of the illegal trade in birds, and the promotion of the local social consciousness in relation to the illicit traffic of these species.

ACTIONS:

The field team is carrying out assessments of populations and habitat analysis, and at the same time they updated the assessment of the threats weighing on the two species. The general population trend of the Blue-headed Macaw is one very gradual decrease, but it seems that the species can withstand certain levels of their forest habitat change. By censuses in consecutive years, the population of the Grey-cheeked Parakeet It has not undergone further decline despite the severe fragmentation of the preferred dry forest.

"Blue-headed Macaw" in captivity:

Very rare in captivity.

Couples are formed according to the preferences of the copies, couples chosen by the breeder will not work. The diet is based on the seasonal fruits and vitamin supplements.

The Parque de las Leyendas Zoo in Peru, captive breeding, It has no objective reproduction but the exhibition of animals that are twelve in total. Births have been but manualâ studies have not been performed. In the month of March to April of the 2010, This project through the SERNANP with scientific staff of the aforementioned zoo, he carried out the biometric studies of this species and established the protocols for the reproduction studies.

Are no data about your longevity, Although similar species such as the Blue-winged Macaw have records having lived 31 years in captivity and having raised from the 6 years of age.

The illegal traffic This species is a serious problem that affects their conservation.

Alternative names:

Blue-headed Macaw, Blue headed Macaw, Coulon’s Macaw (English).
Ara de Coulon (French).
Blaukopfara (German).
maracanã-de-cabeça-azul (Portuguese).
Guacamayo Cabeciazul, Maracaná de Cabeza Azul, Guacamaya cabeza azul (español).
Parabachi cabeza azul (Colombia).
Guacamayo de Cabeza Azúl (Peru).

Philip Sclater
Philip Sclater

scientific classification:


Order: Psittaciformes
Family: Psittacidae
Genus: Primolius
Scientific name: Primolius couloni
Citation: (Sclater, PL, 1876)
Protonimo: Ara couloni


Images Blue-headed Macaw:

Videos "Blue-headed Macaw"

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«Blue-headed Macaw» (Primolius couloni)





Sources:

Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife

Photos:

(1) – Blue-headed Macaw in the Walsrode Bird Park, Germany By Quartl (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Blue-headed Macaw (also known as Coulon’s Macaw) in captivity at Walsrode Bird Park, Germany By Robert01 (Self-photographed) [CC BY-SA 3.0 of], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Blue-headed Macaw (Primolius couloni) at Jungle Island of Miami By DickDaniels (http://carolinabirds.org /) (Own work) [GFDL or CC BY-SA 4.0-3.0-2.5-2.0-1.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Moscow Zoo. Blue-headed Macaw (Ara couloni, syn. Primolius couloni) By Andrey Korzun (Kor!An) (Own work) [GFDL or CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Ara couloni – Wikipedia

Sounds: (Xeno-canto)

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Maroon-bellied Parakeet
Pyrrhura frontalis

Maroon-bellied Parakeet

Content

Description:

24-28 cm.. length and 72-94 g. of weight.

The Maroon-bellied Parakeet (Pyrrhura frontalis) has a frontal band matte red close with a few more bright red feathers behind cere; lores blackish; feathery cheeks and crown, greyish green blackish tips; ear-coverts olive green.

The upperparts They are green grass with a small area reddish at the bottom of the back. Primary coverts bluish green; wing-coverts grass-green, some feathers sometimes with olive tint. Primaries blue in the outerweb. green in the innerwebs, with dark tips; secondaries, mainly green. Sides of neck, throat and chest, brown oliváceo, feathers subterminally brown and black black tips, giving the whole a scalloped effect; lower breast green with a patch brown in the center of belly; flanks, the thighs and undertail-coverts, green. Upper, green tail in basal half, Shaded bronze to reddish tones on the tips; below, the tail is opaque brown.

Maroon-bellied Parakeet

Bill grey, sometimes paler in base mandible; yellow cere; bare periophthalmic whitish grey; irises dark brown; legs dark gray.

Both sexes are similar. The incipient brown lacks the belly. Immature paler than adult with irises darker.

Taxonomic note:

Closely related to Blaze-winged Parakeet (Pyrrhura devillei), with which it can be conspecific (populations or races that belong to the same species). It has been suggested that the species may also be conspecific with Green-cheeked Parakeet (Pyrrhura molinae).

  • Sound of the Maroon-bellied Parakeet.

Description 2 subspecies:

  • Pyrrhura frontalis chiripepe

    (Vieillot, 1818) – As the nominal, but the upper surface of the tail It is completely green olive. Some orange-red markings on the bend of wing in some birds.


  • Pyrrhura frontalis frontalis

    (Vieillot, 1818) – Subspecies nominal.

Habitat:

Video – "Maroon-bellied Parakeet" (Pyrrhura frontalis)

Pyrrhura frontalis / red forehead snipe / Marron bellied Parakeet

The Maroon-bellied Parakeet They extend through several forest habitats, forests, margins and marshy habitats, including the remaining patches Araucaria (for example, in Rio Grande do Sul). In the Paraguayan Chaco They seem almost confined to coastal areas of growth over the Paraguay River and its main tributaries. In Southeast Brazil They are mainly distributed in the highlands, to 1.400 meters above sea level; in other parts of the lowlands up near 1.000 m, where they are generally tolerant to disturbance, even reaching visit urban parks in the city of Assumption, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, and feeding in gardens (Rio Grande do Sul). gregarious, usually in flocks of 6-12 birds (until 40).

Reproduction:

They nest in the cavity of the trees. The breeding season It covers the months from October to December. Clutch 5-6 eggs.
The female incubated one for almost 30 days. The young leave the nest after about 45 days, after which they continue to be fed for some time by the two members of the couple.

Food:

In Southeast Brazil, Their diet includes pulp of Euterpe edulis, seeds of Schinus, Xylopia, Cecropia, Croton, Miconia, ficus, Psidium and Pinus; flowers of Ambrosia and Vernonia and aryl of Protium; elsewhere, the Araucaria It is a very important food source, for example in southern Brazil; also they feed dried fruits and fruits of Campomanesia xanthocarpa and Podocarpus lambertii; homoptera sheets Persea pyrifolia and fly larvae. The orange and corn crops sometimes they suffer from their visits, but depredations were lower compared to the damage caused by the Parrot Argentina (Myiopsitta monachus) in cornfields.

Distribution and status:

Size of its range (reproductive / residents): 2.690.000 km2

The Maroon-bellied Parakeet It is endemic in Southeast South America, from the southeast of Brazil to the North of Argentina.

In Brazil They can be observed from south Bay ,through coastal states, until Rio Grande do Sul, and west, in the southeast of Minas Gerais, Brazil and South of Mato Grosso, through Paraguay (extension of records suggests its presence throughout the west end), North of Uruguay and North of Argentina, in Missions, Currents, Formosa, Chaco and sporadically in the past, in the North of Santa Fe (a population in Buenos Aires probably descended from leaks), and southeastern Bolivia.

Resident. Locally common to very common (for example, in Missions) but rare elsewhere (for example Currents) and extinguished in places due to conversion of forests for agriculture.

With He commercialized in large quantities with substantial late eighties exports averaging over 5.000 birds per year. There is a large captive population.

Distribution 2 subspecies:

  • Pyrrhura frontalis chiripepe

    (Vieillot, 1818) – Central and southern Paraguay, northern Uruguay and northern Argentina.


  • Pyrrhura frontalis frontalis

    (Vieillot, 1818) – Subspecies nominal. Southeastern Brazil from southern Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul including southeastern Minas Gerais and south and southeast of Mato Grosso.

Conservation:

State of conservation ⓘ


minor concern Minor Concern ⓘ (UICN)ⓘ

• Red List Category: Least concern

• Population trend: Stable.

Rationale for the Red List category

This species has a extremely large range and, therefore, it does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable at the discretion of the distribution area size (Extension <20,000 km2 combinada con un tamaño de rango decreciente o fluctuante, extensión o calidad del hábitat o tamaño de población y un pequeño número de lugares o fragmentación severa). La tendencia de la población parece ser estable, por lo que la especie no se aproxima a los umbrales de Vulnerables bajo el criterio de tendencia poblacional (> 30% decline over ten years or three generations). The population size has not been quantified, but it is not believed to be close to the thresholds for Vulnerable under the criterion of population size (<10.000 individuos maduros con un declive continuo estimado> 10% in ten years or three generations or a population structure). For these reasons, the species is evaluated as least concern.

Justification of the population

The size of the world's population has not been quantified, but this species is described as «common» (Stotz et to the., 1996).

Justification of trend

They suspected that the population is stable in absence of evidence of any decline or threatens substantial.

Threats

The species has been marketed strongly: from 1981, when it was included in Appendix II of CITES, 52.523 individuals captured in the wild have been recorded in international trade (Trade database of UNEP-WCMC CITES, January 2005).

"Maroon-bellied Parakeet" in captivity:

The species is listed in Appendix II of the CITES.

There is a large captive population. They are intelligent birds, friendly and active. Readily they adapt to human contact and are easy to train. They are among the quietest cotorras, but its powerful high-pitched voices can become very annoying. Like other parakeets, They tend to express emotion with a series of loud cries, chillidos.

Alternative names:

Maroon bellied Parakeet, Maroon Parakeet, Maroon-bellied Conure, Maroon-bellied Parakeet, Reddish-bellied Parakeet, Scaly-breasted Parakeet (English).
Conure de Vieillot, Conure ou, Perriche de Vieillot, Perruche à oreillons bruns, Perruche d’Azara, Perruche de Vieillot (French).
Braunohrsittich, Braunohr-Sittich (German).
cara-suja, periquito, tiriba, Tiriba-de-testa-vermelha, tiriva (Portuguese).
Chiripepe, Chiripepé, Chiripepé cabeza verde, Chiripepé de cabeza verde, Cotorra Chiripepé, Perico de Vientre Rojo (español).


scientific classification:

Vieillot, Jean Pierre Louis
Vieillot, Jean Pierre Louis

Order: Psittaciformes
Family: Psittacidae
Genus: Pyrrhura
Scientific name: Pyrrhura frontalis
Citation: (Vieillot, 1818)
Protonimo: Psittacus frontalis

Images Maroon-bellied Parakeet:



Especies del género Pyrrhura

Sources:

Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife

Photos:

(1) – RED-BROWN TIRIBA Botanical Garden of São Paulo By Dario Sanches [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Maroon-bellied Conure (Pyrrhura frontalis) on a wooden stump. Botanical Garden of São Paulo By Dario Sanches [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Pyrrhura frontalis Ilhabela-SP By Dario Sanches from São Paulo, Brazil (Maroon-bellied parakeet ( Pyrrhura frontalis)) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Maroon-bellied Conure (Pyrrhura frontalis) – São Paulo Forest Garden By Dario Sanches [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Pyrrhura frontalis – Track dos Tucanos – Tapirai-SP IBA: Paranapiacaba Forest Massif By Jairmoreirafotografia (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr

Sounds: Gustavo Luz, XC344423. accessible www.xeno-canto.org/344423