The head of the Yellow-throated hanging parrot(Loriculus pusillus) is bright green.
Upperparts green with yellow orange washing pale in the mantle; rump and uppertail-coverts, bright red. Wings green above, undertail, Turquoise with coverts green. Throat bright yellow, rest of the underparts bright green. Feathers of the tail green above, with side coverts yellowed and pale blue below. The bill orange; irises yellowish white; legs oranges.
Female and immature with yellow throat very small.
Reported along the edges of the forest, and in the marshy forests of the lowlands to 1.850 meters above sea level.
Possibly Nomad in response to local plant phenology.
The species shows great activity, climbing acrobaticamente on the canopy at time of collection, and resting and sleeping mouth below as well as other members of the genus.
The birds are alone, in pairs or in groups of up to eight individuals.
Larger groups sometimes gather in trees to feed.. Although discrete, the Yellow-throated hanging parrot They attract attention, since when flying between the trees they beat their wings emitting a characteristic buzz, accompanied by shrill calls.
Reproduction:
The laying tends to be of two eggs, deposited in the hollow of a tree, Palm or arbol-helecho, from time to time in an old nest of a barbet or Woodpecker. The nesting in West Java It was recorded between March and May.
Food:
They feed on nectar, fruit (including the Ficus figs), leaves and flower buds, as Cassia and Erythrina.
Distribution:
Size of its range (breeding/resident): 167.000 km 2
Endemic to Java and Bali, where it is usually uncommon. The world's population is thought to be superior to 10.000, but it may have decreased due to the logging of forests
Conservation:
โข Current IUCN Red List category: Near threatened
โข Population trend: Decreasing
The world population It has not been quantified, It is thought to be above 10.000 specimens. The species is generally described as rare throughout its area of distribution (pit et to the., 1997).
There are no data on population trends; However, the species is suspected decreasing at a moderately fast pace, due to the loss and degradation of its habitat.
Origin: Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Belice, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama
Character: Curious and peaceful.
Life expectancy: 30 years
Height: 24 cm..
Content
Description:
24 cm.. length and a weight between 193-229 g..
The White-crowned Parrot(Pionus senilis) has the forecrown, crown and lores, white. The feathers of the cheeks, sides head, behind eyes, and rear of the neck, basically pale bluish green with green or blue violet and blue subterminal band darker margins, giving the whole a intricate scaly appearance.
Mantle and back, green with copper plating shine; rump and uppertail-coverts, brighter green; scapulars basically colored green with coppery bronze in the points and outerweb. Lesser coverts and median, bronze with paler tips coppery, giving a mottled appearance; primary coverts, violet blue; greater coverts green. Primaries and secondaries outer, violet blue with green tips to outerweb of the primaries and inner secondary.
Under, the wings pale bluish green. Patch in chin and top of the throat, white; feathers of the chest, green at the base (mostly hidden part) tipped dark blue or violet-blue and blue band paler, giving the whole a scalloped effect; undertail-coverts red. Tail green in the center, outer feathers blue with red at base. Bill pale yellow color with light green tint; eye ring Pink; irises dark brown: legs yellowish gray.
Both sexes are similar. The immature has the head, the back of the neck and the chest, green, pale yellow with margins in the cheeks and crown, giving a pale mottling.
Note:
The subspecies decoloratus, which was distributed from yucatan peninsula to western Panama, previously recognized on the basis of their throat more purple (less blue) and your chest and wings, more blue. But, There is not much geographic variation in the species Pionus senilis and the aforementioned characters are not consistent on the proposed range.
Sound of the White-crowned Parrot.
Habitat:
The habitat of the Senile Parrot is mainly the humid forest (including tropical rain forest), but locally it can be found in forests of oak pine, and low mountain forest. Birds have been reported in forest edges, cultivated areas and grassland areas with scattered trees, plantations, secondary forest with emergent trees, woodlands and streams in Costa Rica, on the edge of urban areas.
Lives mainly in lowlands, but they are distributed locally 2.300 meters in Guatemala and near 1.600 meters in Costa Rica 1.800 meters in Panama. gregarious, mostly in pairs or out of breeding season, in small herds; sometimes in larger meetings of up to several hundred birds.
Reproduction:
Build your nests in tree cavities or hollow trunks of palm trees. The reproduction period occurs between February to May; in March in Mexico; in January-April Costa Rica; February to May in Honduras. The incubation comprises of 26-28 days, Followed by 54-68 pup growth days. It has been difficult to breed the species in captivity and there is little information on its reproduction in the wild..
The size of clutch is of 3 to 5 eggs
Food:
It feeds mainly on the tops of the trees seeds mature Inga and Erythrina and fruits Palm; sometimes cultures corn and Sorghum.
Distribution and status:
Size of its range (breeding/resident ): 1.290.000 km2
Endemic to Central America, from Mexico until Panama.
The White-crowned Parrot It is found in the humid tropics of eastern Mexico on the Caribbean side of Tamaulipas and to the East of San Luis Potosi eastward through yucatan peninsula, in Campeche and Quintana Roo, the borders of Belice and the northern lowlands and highlands of eastern Guatemala. It is found throughout the Caribbean slope of Honduras, mainly below 1.100 m (Occasionally highest altitudes) and in Roatan in the Bay islands, and on the Caribbean side of Nicaragua (possibly also on the side of peaceful) until Costa Rica, where it remains mainly in the lowlands and foothills of the Caribbean slope, becoming less and less numerous south of Lemon; also observed in the slope of peaceful in the South of Costa Rica and on both sides West Panama, to the West of Chiriqui and to the West of Bull's mouths.
Some local migrations (also apparently vertical) occur (for example, in parts of Oaxaca, Mexico and parts of Costa Rica). The species is widespread, but abundance varies from rare to very common depending on locality; It is perhaps the largest parrot in Costa Rica.
current distribution: No data where the current distribution of specified White-crowned Parrot. This species of psittacine still has a presence throughout its range, although there are regions where it has been extirpated, as the West's Quintana Roo and Gulf Coast (INE 2000).
Despite being frequently eaten by native peoples (at least once), persecuted as a pest of crops, caught in low numbers for the live bird trade and severely deforesting parts of their range, It has not detected a serious overall decline in population.
Conservation:
โข Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.
โข Population trend: decreasing.
sheltered Mexico by the Official Mexican Standard (NOMโ059โSEMARNATโ2001โ2010) under the category of Threatened.
Rationale for the Red List category
This species has a very large range and therefore it is not close to the thresholds for Vulnerable under the criterion of size range (Extension Occurrence <20,000 km2 combinada con un tamaรฑo de rango decreciente o fluctuante, extensiรณn / calidad de hรกbitat o tamaรฑo de poblaciรณn y un pequeรฑo nรบmero De lugares o fragmentaciรณn severa). A pesar de que la tendencia de la poblaciรณn parece estar disminuyendo, no se cree que la disminuciรณn sea suficientemente rรกpida para acercarse a los umbrales de Vulnerables bajo el criterio de tendencia poblacional (> 30% decline in ten years or three generations). The population size is very large and, therefore, not approaching the thresholds for vulnerable under the criterion of population size (<10.000 individuos maduros con una disminuciรณn continua estimada en> 10% in ten years or three generations or with a specific population structure). For these reasons the species is evaluated as the least concern.
Justification of the population
Partners in Flight estimates the total population of 50.000-499.999 individuals (A. Panjabi in a bit., 2008).
Justification of trend
It is suspected that the population is declining due to continuous habitat destruction.
"White-crowned Parrot" in captivity:
(CITES) It included in the Appendix II (It includes species not necessarily threatened with extinction, but in which trade must be controlled to avoid utilization incompatible with their survival.)
The species ranked first in the 80's among the most traded parrot species in Mexico (Iรฑigo Elias and Ramos 1992). Currently, there marketing of the species in the national and international market.
Valued as a pet or ornamental bird by its feathers, ability to imitate sounds and its tendency to form bonds with people.
Alternative names:
– White-crowned Parrot, White crowned Parrot, White-capped Parrot (English).
– Pione ร couronne blanche, Pione givrรฉe, Pionus ร front blanc, Pionus ร front blanche (French).
– Glatzenkopfpapagei, Glatzenkopf, Glatzenkopf-Papagei, Weiรkappenpapagei (German).
– Curica-de-testa-branca (Portuguese).
– Lora coroniblanca, Loro Corona Blanca, loro corona-blanca, Loro Coroniblanco, Loro de Corona Blanca, Loro Gorgiblanco, Loro Senil (espaรฑol).
– Loro coroniblanco (Costa Rica).
– Lora coroniblanca (Honduras).
– loro corona blanca, loro corona-blanca, Loro Coroniblanco (Mexico).
– Loro Gorgiblanco (Nicaragua).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World โ Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Photos:
(1) – A White-crowned Parrot (also known as White-crowned Pionus) at Macaw Mountain Bird Park, Honduras By Pionus_senilis_-Macaw_Mountain_Bird_Park,_Honduras-8a.jpg: Sarah and Jasonderivative work: Snowmanradio [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – A White-crowned Parrot (also known as White-crowned Pionus) at Macaw Mountain Bird Park, Honduras By nakashi (Flickr: P1100396) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – A White-crowned Parrot (also known as White-crowned Pionus) at Macaw Mountain Bird Park, Honduras By nakashi (Flickr: P1100397) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – (Pionus Senilis). White-crowned Parrot , Guatemala By Virgilrm at English Wikipedia (Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons.) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – A White-crowned Parrot (also known as White-crowned Pionus) at Macaw Mountain Bird Park, Honduras By nakashi (Flickr: P1100398) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – White-crowned Parrot (also known as the White-crowned Pionus); close up of upper body By Brian Gratwicke [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – A White-crowned Parrot at Cape May Zoo, New Jersey, USA By Jim Capaldi (Flickr: Parrot) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(8) – (Pionus Senilis) White-crowned Parrot in a tree By Virgilrm at English Wikipedia (Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons.) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
(9) – White-crowned Parrot (Pionus senilis), also known as White-crowned Pionus, at the aviary Birds of Eden in South Africa By SandyCole (mailto:sandyc@dicksandy.org) (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 or GFDL], via Wikimedia Commons
– Sounds:
โท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians
the unmistakable White-bellied Parrot(Pionites leucogaster) has the lores, cheeks and throat, bright yellow lemon; "ear coverts", forecrown and crown, bright orange red; sides and rear of the neck, orange, but paler.
Upperparts green. Primary coverts blue; other coverts green. Primaries blue with green margins in outerweb. Underwing-coverts green. Breast
and center belly, white; undersides of belly and feathers the thighs, green; undertail-coverts Yellow. Upper, the tail green; undertail, pale grayish brown. Bill, color pale horn; cere Pink; irises reddish brown; legs pink.
(Sclater,PL, 1858) – As the nominal species but with the thighs and flanks bright yellow lemon (no verde); tail green.
Pionites leucogaster xanthurus
(Todd, 1925) – As the nominal species, but with the thighs yellow; flanks and tail, yellow and green the uppertail-coverts.
Habitat:
Prefers low humid forests, areas of land and vรกrzea with probable preference for the latter and for clearings in the forests. Also observed in the drier forests (where it is less common) in the South of its range. Gregarious; Observed in the company of Blue-headed Parrot(Pionus menstruus) on Eastern Amazonia. Seen in small groups or couples.
Since they have very heavy body and very short wings, the White-bellied Parrot You can not fly long distances.
Reproduction:
With plays in January and nests in hollow trees; a nest 30m found in the cavity of a tree in the east of its range. Clutch Normal probably 2-4 eggs.
Food:
Very similar in habits Lorito Chirlecrรฉs(Pionites melanocephalus) but no specific information about their diet; probably seeds, fruit and berries.
Distribution:
The size of its distribution area (reproduction / resident): 2.140.000 km2
The White-bellied Parrot It extends through southern amazon in Brazil, from northwest maranhรฃo and around Bethlehem in the State of For, west on Mato Grosso to the North of Bolivia and Southeast of Peru, to the top of Ucayali, where it approaches the range of Lorito Chirlecrรฉs(Pionites melanocephalus). Reports in eastern Ecuador (well within the limits of the latter) still not substantiated.
(Sclater,PL, 1858) – West Basin amazon, in the southeast of Peru, North of Bolivia and West of Brazil, where the subspecies intergran Pionites leucogaster xanthurus in the upper area of Yurua River
โข Current category of the Red List of the UICN: In danger of extinction.
โข Population trend: Decreasing.
Usually common but perhaps more scarce in drier forests on the southern fringes of the range. It is not at serious risk, but decreases locally (for example, the Eastern Amazonia) due to deforestation, and possibly extinct now Santa Cruz, Bolivia, due to the loss of habitat. Trapped for Local international trade (at least years), but apparently not yet having a serious impact on wild populations.
Conservation Actions Underway
โข No specific conservation actions are known for this species.
Conservation Actions Proposed
โข Expand the network of protected areas to effectively protect the IBA.
โข Effectively treat resources and manage existing and new protected areas., using the emerging opportunities for funding the management of protected areas with the overall goal of reducing carbon emissions and maximize the conservation of biodiversity.
โข Conservation on private land is also essential, through the expansion of market pressures for rational land management and prevention of logging on land not suitable for agriculture (Soares-Filho et to the., 2006).
โข Campaign against proposed changes to the Brazilian Forest Code that would lead to a decrease in the width of protected riparian forest areas such as Permanent Preservation Areas (APPs), that function as vital corridors in fragmented landscapes.
"White-bellied Parrot" in captivity:
Do not have the capacity to speak of his larger parrots cousins, but they are very assets and can be very good pets, Despite not being very common to see them in captivity.
(1) – Pionites leucogaster xanthomeria By Mirjam (Picasa Web Albums) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Pionites leucogaster leucogaster White-bellied Parrot (this subspecies is also know as the Green-thighed Parrot). Two in a cage with a nestbox By TJ Lin (originally posted to Flickr as 140) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Pionites leucogaster xanthomerius A pet adult male White-bellied Caique perching by a row of books By pionetes (Own work (self-portrait)) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Five White-bellied Parrots (also known as White-bellied Caique) at Bird Park, Foz do Iguaรงu, Brazil. This subspecies is also known as the Green-thighed Caique (Pionites leucogaster leucogaster) By Chad Bordes (Picasa Web Albums) [CC BY 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – White-bellied Parrot by Peter Tan – Flickr
(6) – White-bellied Parrot in captivity at Iguaรงu Bird Park, Foz do Iguaรงu, Brazil. Photographed on 23 April 2003 By Arthur Chapman [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – White-bellied Parrot (Pionites leucogaster) often referred to as the White-bellied Caique in captivity by whiskymac (Flickr) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(8) – White-bellied Parrot (often referred to as the White-bellied Caique); a chick. Its feathers have not opened yet By Ruth Rogers (originally posted to Flickr as Caique) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(9) – A painting of a White-bellied Parrot (originally captioned ยซPsittacus badiceps. Bay-headed Parrotยป) by Edward Lear (1812-1888) Edward Lear [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
30 cm.. length and an approximate weight of 370 g..
The Vinaceous Parrot(Amazona vinacea) has the lores and forecrown bright red; cheeks and crown green with black tips to some feathers head; elongated feathers on the sides of neck, the nape and the upper mantle, green at the base, subterminally light blue and black tip. The rest of the the mantle, back and scapulars, green with some feathers showing indistinct black tips; uppertail-coverts pale green.
Wing coverts green with red variable and / or yellow in leading edge of wing and the carpal area. Primaries pale bluish-green; Secondary green with blue tips, the base outerweb of the three outer secondaries, red, forming a small looking-glass. Under the wings, green. Throat and chest with shades that vary from strong wine brown to pale blue with a strong vinous diffusion; subterminal dark band at the tips of the feathers gives scalloping pattern; Belly green or yellowish green sometimes with vinous dissemination; undertail-coverts brighter yellowish green. Tail green with yellow green tip; the base lateral feathers in red innerwebs, in purple outerweb. The upper jaw It is red at the base with pale tip, horn-colored lower, reddish at the base; irises orange to reddish brown; legs grey.
Both sexes are similar. The immature It has the green suffusion in chest and the less extensive red on the head (confined to the base upper jaw).
Sound of the Vinaceous Parrot.
Habitat:
Video – "Vinaceous Parrot"
Purple-breasted Parrot in Itamonte - Minas Gerais, Brazil
The Vinaceous Parrotinhabit in tropical and subtropical evergreen mixed forests; in the Brazil in humid coastal forests, in the East of Paraguay They can be found in forests Araucaria angustifolia and Euterpe edulis. The extent of the ecological dependence of this species on coniferous trees (Araucaria and Podocorpus) It is not clear, but the Araucaria angustifolia It is clearly important in Missions, Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarinaand possibly it was related to the previous distribution further north in southeast Brazil.
Mainly observed in the lowlands, but there are reports of birds seen in hills 1.500-2.000 meters in the southeast of Brazil, where the best forest remnants persist. Usually in pairs or small groups with larger meetings (up to approximately 30) in July-August. In pairs during breeding (usually around September).
Reproduction:
The Vinaceous Parrotnidifica in holes in large trees with obvious preference for the Araucaria angustifolia, including rarely cracks in the cliffs. With reproduce the May in loose colonies. breeding season during the months of September to January. Clutch 2-4 eggs.
After the breeding season (February to July), the species congregate in large groups and community shelters.
Food:
The specific foods of the Vinaceous Parrot include flowers and fruits of Euterpe edulis (which apparently it is important seasonally in East Paraguay), seeds of Araucaria angustifolia, fruits of cocoons of Achatocarpus and new leaves Eucalyptus and seeds of Pilocarpus. It has been reported damagor cause in crops of oranges, but with the current low density of this species, It is unlikely to produce a serious economic impact.
Distribution and status:
Size of its range (player / resident ): 1.230.000 km2
The Vinaceous Parrot It is endemic in Southeast South America.
There are some seasonal movements and post-breeding dispersal, possibly in relation to the food supply (for example, seed availability coniferous trees), with invasions scale reported in Paraguay in the past. Declines in the number of birds occur in Rio Grande do Sul January, with all its people disappeared by March and return in April for the rest of the year.
Formerly abundant and widespread but now there has been a contraction dramatic of its range and population, mainly due to the habitat destruction scale, the expansion of agriculture and floods caused by large hydroelectric dams. also trapped for a long time for bird trade.
Are distributed in several protected areas, but none is large enough to maintain a viable population. The former strongholds in eastern Paraguay They are subject to rapid deforestation, with a recent reduction in its scope and numbers and now probably confined only in Alto Paranรก and Ganindeyu.
A census 2007 yielded a minimum of 253 copies in Argentina.
It is perhaps the Amazona more common in populations of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paranรก (several populations of more than 100 birds), in the South of Brazil, and the low number persists in Minas Gerais, Brazil and Sao Paulo, within an estimated total of 1.500-2.000 birds.
Conservation:
State of conservation โ
Endangered โ(UICN)โ
โข Current category of the Red List of the UICN: In danger of extinction.
โข Population trend: Decreasing.
โข Population size: 600-1700.
Rationale for the Red List category
This species is classified as endangered due to recent population estimates Brazil They indicate that the world population is very small and has suffered a rapid decline due to loss and fragmentation of habitat, aggravated by the trade. It is necessary to clarify whether Brazilian subpopulations exceed 250 specimens.
Justification of the population
Based on estimates 1.500 to 2.000 individuals in Brazil (G. Bencke in some. 2009), 220-400 in Paraguay and 253 in Argentina (K. Cockle in some. 2009), it is estimated that the total population is within the range of 1.970 -2.650 individuals and is probably positioned within the band 1,000-2,499. This is equivalent to 667-1.666 mature individuals, rounded here to 600-1.700 mature individuals.
Justification of trend
rapid and continuous population decline is suspected because of the Poaching of nests, the habitat destruction and persecution as a pest Of crops.
Conservation Actions Underway
โข CITES Appendix I and II and protected by the Brazilian legislation.
โข Nationally considered Vulnerable in Brazil (Urben-Filho et al . 2008, MMA 2014), and Critically Endangered in Argentina and Paraguay.
โข Small populations are found in numerous protected areas (Wege and Long 1995, F. Olmos in some ., 1999).
โข In the Argentina, two young provincial parks are used by the species, but they offer only partial protection because parrots use habitat outside the park for most of its life cycle, including, critically, the reproduction.
โข In the Argentine stronghold of the species between San Pedro and Saint Rose, environmental education is underway to reduce the capture of chicks, and the population has been monitored since 2005 (Selva de Pino Paranรก in litt project., 2007).
โข It has been achieved successful captive breeding.
Conservation Actions Proposed
โข Monitor large populations (in March Argentina).
โข Study reproductive biology and demography throughout the species' range and develop structured captive breeding programs to counter the high level of poaching of wild populations..
โข Protect the general Carneiro (Santa Catarina), Itaipu (Alto Paranรก), RNP Itabรณ Rivas (Canindeyรบ), Estancia Golondrina (Caaguazu) and forests outside reserves Rio de Janeiro (Snyder et to the ., 2000) and between San Pedro and Saint Rose in Missions.
โข Invest in permanently trained park rangers and resolve land tenure problems in Brazilian and Paraguayan reserves. (F. Olmos in some ., 1999, Cockle et al. 2007).
โข Apply laws against the trafficking of species on the roads that connect the Monte Pascoal National Park with South Brazil (Snyder et to the ., 2000), in places where the species is captured and at borders and ports Paraguay and Argentina.
โข Increase local public awareness to reduce nest theft and promote conservation of nesting sites..
โข In Argentina, provide technical support to promote soil conservation, to avoid clearing forests for crops on small farms.
The Vinaceous Parrot in captivity:
The Vinaceous Parrot noted for its easy to imitate the human voice, better and clearer than the Amazona aestiva. Small easily they learn to speak.
Two decades ago, before placement in the Appendix 1 CITES Convention, this species was available in aviculture. It never was imported to Europe in a large number, but nevertheless often it offered for sale. Its price was higher than other species of Amazona available at that time, because of its amazing looks and his talent as an imitator. As the trade in wild birds was coming to an end, the captive population decreased markedly. While this species has been willing to breed for those that provide adequate breeding and have enough individuals to allow natural selection of the mate., captive breeding has been very disappointing, considering the number of birds that were previously available.
In the current avicultura, it seems that there are still a significant number of birds kept in Europe. A survey of amazon parrots in the European zoos, made in 1993 and published in 1994 by the EAZA, he listed in 59 species Vinaceous Parrot conserved in 11 zoological collections: of this, only three, Loro Parque (Spain), Walsrode Bird Park (Germany) and Beauval (France), had recorded breeding successes. It's known, However, that a significant number of Vinaceous Parrot They are held by private poultry farmers Europe and if these owners are willing to work in cooperation with EEP plan that can be started for this species, then the known captive population Europe could be big, enough to be considered as a viable.
The population of this species in captivity is similar to that of other species of the genus Amazona. In Loro Parque a couple is kept in an aviary in the exhibition area of รขโฌโนรขโฌโนthe park, and several more couples are kept in breeding cages suspended in their breeding outside exhibition. Suspended breeding cages are approximately 300 cm long x 95 cm width and height. Each cage has the nest-box placed against the outer rear panel, and there is a cut in the wire hole to allow birds to enter the nest-box. With the nest located outside of the cage, this eliminates the need to enter the service or inspect the nest-box.
The feeding of these birds is done twice a day. To the 7 Morning receive their main dish containing a mixed salad prepared with the following elements: – Apple, pear, tomato, beet, Carrot, alfalfa, lettuce, Peppers, papaya and other fruits and vegetables seasonally available; In addition, They are also used, when available, various fruits that are grown in the park, as nopal cactus plants and berries palmera pindรณ (Syagrus romanzoffiana). A second smaller dish meal in the morning provides birds commercial pellets dietary, and during the breeding season each pair is also given segments of their own supplement "pie" that is made fresh every day. The evening meal is given to 3:00 pm, with a mixture of nuts, seeds and beans cooked.
The Vinaceous Parrot It was raised for the first time Loro Parque in 1990, when one pigeon was raised hand. The couple proved to be very unreliable when it came to the incubation their eggs, why he has always resorted to artificial incubation or host and breeding. This couple Vinaceous Parrot He received on subsequent occasions eggs more common species to give them the opportunity to prove that they are good parents, but so far they remain unreliable.
No offspring were produced in 1991, but the couple tried again in 1992, when he carried out another manually raising and other raised squab. In 1993, when the same pair joined again, the clutch of eggs was transferred to a pair of Red-crowned Parrot(Amazona viridigenalis), which they proved to be excellent foster parents and raised chicks born. The same technique was used in 1994, but only one egg clutch proved to be fertile and the chick was raised successfully by Red-crowned Parrot.
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World โ Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– THE VINACEOUS AMAZON Amazona vinacea AT LORO PARQUE – First Published in The Avicultural Magazine Vol. 103 No. 2
– Photos:
(1) – Vinaceous-breasted Amazon (Amazona vinacea) – San Francisco Zoo, California By Dick Daniels (http://carolinabirds.org /) (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 or GFDL], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Vinaceous Amazon in captivity at the Rare Species Foundation Programme, Florida, USA By derivative work: Snowmanradio (talk)Amazona_vinacea_-RSFP-8a.jpg: Ruth Rogers [CC BY 2.0 or CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Vinaceous Amazon at the Walsrode Bird Park, Germany By Quartl (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Vinaceous Amazon; two in a cage By TJ Lin (originally posted to Flickr as Copy of DSCN3375) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – flying. Picture taken in Morretes By Leandro Govoni Lacerda (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – A Vinaceous-breasted Amazon at Parque das Aves, Foz do Iguaรงu, Brazil By Kee Yip from Union City, California, USA (IMG_4509_P1040019) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – Pigeons neck Amazone (Amazona vinacea) Shot in Palmitospark Gran Canaria By Martingloor (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(8) – Vinaceous-breasted Amazon (Amazona vinacea) – San Francisco Zoo, California By Dick Daniels (http://carolinabirds.org /) (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 or GFDL], via Wikimedia Commons
(9) – Amazone vineuse, Bioparc Doue-la-Fontaine By Melvin TOULLEC (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons
– Sounds: (Xeno-canto)
โท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians
The Yellow-faced Parrot(Alipiopsitta xanthops) It is distinguished by the large area of รขโฌโนรขโฌโนyellow in the head, with green tint nape; orange to the sides of body and upper base of the tail; collar yellowish green, belly almost all yellow, the thighs and green inner core tail green; the back it is usually green with yellow tints.
It inhabits in dry forests, also called deciduous forests, in lowlands, with the presence of palmas Mauritia, Although they prefer water courses.
They can be seen in pairs or flocks of up 50 specimens.
Although little information regarding this is available, it is known that nest in the hollows of the highest trees closed; the laying usually three eggs and the incubation period is 23-24 days.
Food:
It's a species of which there are few studies of their natural habitat. Its main food It consists mainly of fruits and seeds. Very fond of mangoes, usually visit their trees full of fruit.
Distribution:
Size of its range (reproduction / resident): 2.700.000 km2
Inside of Brazil and adjacent area to the east of Bolivia and Horqueta, in the East of Paraguay.
Conservation Alipiopsitta xanthops:
State of conservation โ
Near Threatened โ(UICN)โ
โข Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Near-threatened.
โข Population trend: Decreasing.
In 1993 two thirds of the Cerrado, This species inhabited, had been moderately or severely altered by agriculture, heavy cattle farming, invasive grasses, the use of pesticides and annual burning.
Conservation Actions Proposed:
โข Collate sample data and recent records to provide an improved assessment of distribution and status.
โข Estimate the total wild population (Bianchi 2009).
โข Assess the impact of habitat loss (Snyder et to the . 2000).
active, curious and playful. Aggressive with other parrots. They can become very noisy. Prone to obesity
Its reproduction rarely been achieved in captivity. The basic requirement would be to isolate a compatible pair during the breeding season due to increased aggression towards other birds during this period.; also require spacious accommodations and a nest box of 25 x 25 x 60 cm. . with input from 8 cm in diameter.
They tend to be aggressive toward their caregivers. The breeding season begins in early May. The implementation is of 2 to 4 eggs, which are incubated during 26 days. The young leave the nest when they are near the 8 weeks of age.
(1) – Yellow-faced parrot (Alipiopsitta xanthops) green morph, the Pantanal, Brazil By Charlesjsharp (Own work, from Sharp Photography, sharpphotography) [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Yellow-faced parrot (Alipiopsitta xanthops) yellow morph, the Pantanal, Brazil By Charlesjsharp (Own work, from Sharp Photography, sharpphotography) [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Alipiopsitta xanthops, Yellow-faced Parrot; two in a cage By TJ Lin (originally posted to Flickr as yellow-faced amazon) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Yellow-faced Parrot in Giza Zoo By Hatem Moushir (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Record made in the city of Trรชs Lagoas-MS, urban area. A flock landed on a ponca tree to feed By Jairmoreirafotografia (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Illustration does not look like A. xanthops (Yellow-faced Parrot). Fisch's Papageien monograph discusses this dubious specimen by Francis de Laporte de Castelnau [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
The crown of the Yellow-capped Pygmy-Parrot(Micropsitta keiensis) is yellow ocher, with a warm brown in forecrown; lores, chin and area under the eyes, brown; coverts outpus, dark green, tending to lighter green on cheeks and throat.
Upperparts, dark green with center at wing-coverts and feathers of black color with a black colored margin extrecho; flight feather black with vane Green external; feathers wings green. The underparts are yellowish-green, with fine dark stripes; undertail-coverts yellow and green. Upper, the tail It is iridescent, slightly greenish blue in the Center, Foreign feathers blackish with yellow spot on the ends. Under, the tail dark blue and yellow.
Bill dark grey; irises brown; legs dark gray.
Both sexes similar. Immature like females but with bill pale yellow.
(Rothschild, 1911) – Similar a nominal, but darker.
Micropsitta keiensis chloroxantha
(Oberholser, 1917) – The mature more muted. The underparts with red markings male, dyed yellowish in female.
Habitat:
It inhabits in the forests of lowlands, in secondary growth and, sometimes around inhabited areas and coconut trees. The ecology species is similar to that of the Buff-faced Pygmy-Parrot. The birds are alone, in pairs or in small groups, and they can be distributed by undergrowth to some 20 meters above the ground. They climb on trunks and branches, and they can go down head, in inverted position, sometimes.
Reproduction:
Nest and roost Termites in tree cavities, they excavate the cavity by themselves; tunnel passageways go up and may bend before reaching nest-chamber. up the laying two white eggs deposited in a cavity unlined (dimensions around 20 cm x 15 cm.), and they can be occupied by other adults roost (up to four) during the breeding season. The exact role of these visiting birds is unknown, It is thought that they can help with the tasks of nest. nesting It has been recorded from October to March
Food:
With feed lichen, fungi, seeds, fruits and insects. Most of the lichen is collected directly from the surface of the bark of trees..
Distribution:
Size of its range (breeding/resident): 763.000 km2
Origin: Mexico, Guatemala, Belice, El Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica, Nicaragua
Character: active
Life expectancy: 60 years.
Height: 22 to 26 cm..
Content
Description:
22 to 26 cm.. length.
The White-fronted Parrot(Amazona albifrons) has the forecrown white; lores, upper cheeks and ring of feathers around eyes, red; the crown pale blue mingles with the green nape; the feathers with dark margins; sides neck green with narrow black margins. Mantle, back and scapulars, grass-green, sometimes with olive tint; the mantle with indistinct black tips; rump green, perhaps more emerald colors than the rest of the upperparts.
big blankets and alula, red, other coverts green. The outerweb of the primaries, green, They turn blue at the tips; outerweb of the secondaries, blue; innerwebs of the flight feather, blackish. Under, the wings bluish green. Underparts green with weak blackish edges to feathers on throat and the chest. Upper, the tail It is yellow in the center, outer feathers red at the base, blue in the outerweb. Bill light colored horn, darker at the tip; bare periophthalmic pale grey; irises pale yellow; legs pale grey.
It presents an undistinguished sexual dimorphism. The female It differs from the male in the red face It is limited to the region eye ring and it lacks the red hue in wing coverts. The immature male It looks like female but with red on the primary coverts.
(Miller,W, 1905) – smaller the species nominal. Little differentiated from nominal but the green plumage It is perhaps paler, yellower. Some individuals Coast peaceful show some red on the throat.
Amazona albifrons saltuensis
(Nelson, 1899) – Similar to the nominal but the plumage It is heavily steeped in blue. The blue of the crown It extends to the nape.
Habitat:
This adaptable Amazona uses all kinds of wooded habitats and open field with trees, including seasonally moist semi-evergreen semi-evergreen forest (especially at the edge), pine forests, gallery forest, agricultural land with open woods, savannah and tropical arid scrub with cactus, tending to more frequent open areas in the caribbean side.
Usually they prefer drier forests, but where it is simpรกtrica with Yellow-lored Parrot(Amazona xantholora), tends to prefer more humid and closed vegetation.
In Yucatan the White-fronted Parrot inhabit coastal coconut plantations while breeding. In altitudes of 900 m (Oaxaca), 1.800 m (Honduras) and 1.500 m (Sonora meridional: register only known outside the tropics).
In pairs during the breeding season but usually gregarious, distributed primarily in small groups, with occasional concentrations of hundreds of birds and some communal roosts (for example, mangroves) with several thousand birds.
The White-fronted Parrot nest in trees, cavities of the palm tree termitarium, sometimes in the cavity dug by some woodpecker. species trees Bursera simaruba and Caesalpinia gaumeri are among the favorites to nest in Yucatan. Breeding January July, depending on the location.
A clutch contains 3-5 eggs. Only the female incubates. The incubation lasts around 24 days.
Size of its range (breeding/resident ): 2.330.000 km2
The White-fronted Parrot They extend Mexico, from the South of Sonora (north to about 28 ยฐ N) along the Sinaloa and West Durango south through the Pacific region to Oaxaca and north through Tehuantepec isthmus the Atlantic coast in southern Veracruz and to the East by Tabasco the entire Yucatan Peninsula, including northern Guatemala and Belice.
They are present in southern Chiapas and in the lowlands of the Guatemalan Pacific and, reportedly, in West El Salvador, extending through the lowlands of peaceful, arid and Caribbean lowlands Honduras to the Pacific Northwest Costa Rica and Nicaragua (where distribution is not detailed).
Mainly seasonal residents but visitors in some parts of the range (for example, Yucatan, El Salvador western and eastern mountains Guatemala).
Introduced in urban areas Cozumel Island, in the State of Quintana Roo (Mexico). Their presence only in urban areas of the island, the ability of the species to live successfully in urban areas, the abundance of fruit trees and use as a pet by the islanders allows us to suggest that registered individuals are the result of leakage or were released by their owners.
Usually common and together with the Orange-fronted Parakeet(Eupsittula canicularis), It is the largest parrot in the Pacific slope of Central America; although obviously scarce in some areas. The deforestation It is possibly promoting increases in population Caribbean slope of Central America. Captured for the pet trade and hunted as food, for example in Yucatan, where recently there has been a population decline due to the persecution of parrots that feed on fruit after loss of wild foods cultivated by Hurricane Gilbert. Its capture It is authorized only during the months of October to February in the states of Warrior, Jalisco, Michoacรกn, Oaxaca, Sinaloa and Tabasco and from September to January in Veracruz.
Distribution 3 subspecies:
Amazona albifrons albifrons
(Sparrman, 1788) – Nominal. Pacific Coast of Mexico from Nayarit to Oaxaca and South of Chiapas in the lowlands Guatemalan Pacific. Birds in the northern Guatemalan lowlands and the arid interior, they can refer to the subspecies Amazona albifrons nana.
โข Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.
โข Population trend: Increasing.
Rationale for the Red List category
โข This species has a very large range and therefore it is not close to the thresholds for Vulnerable under the criterion of size range (Extent of occurrence below 20,000 km2 combined with a size decreasing or fluctuating range, extension / habitat quality or population size and a small number of sites or severe fragmentation).
โข The trend of population appears to be increasing and, therefore, the species does not approach the thresholds Vulnerable under the criteria of population trend (Wholesale 30% decrease in ten years or three generations).
โข The population size is very large and, therefore, not approaching the thresholds for vulnerable under the criterion of population size (less than 10.000 mature individuals with continuing decline estimated a higher percentage of 10% in ten years or three generations or with a specific population structure).
โข For these reasons the species is evaluated as the least concern.
Justification of the population
โข Partners in Flight estimated that the total population of 500.000-4.999.999 individuals (A. Panjabi in a bit., 2008).
Justification of trend
โข The population is suspected to be increasing as habitat degradation is creating new areas of suitable habitat.
The White-fronted Parrot in captivity:
Due to the decline of these birds in the wild, especially in the Mexican populations, the White-fronted Parrot is now, unlike other times, offered for sale only rarely. It also, among birds received by importers, the males generally far outweigh the females so it's hard to find a partner.
According to many observations, the White-fronted Parrot captured still quite shy and unsociable, especially if they were mature when they were trapped. The birds immature, which can be stained by the yellowing of his crown, relatively well sympathize with their caregivers and are easily adapted to a life in a cage or aviary. It is said to have some talent to imitate.
According to sources, the first hatchlings in captivity They were born in 1949 in the United States by I.D. Putman; the second in 1977 on German Federal Republic by H. Mรผller (Walsrode) and a third set in Switzerland in 1979; Since then several European poultry farmers have reported breeding successes.. The latest report came in 1985 from the bird park Metelen Heide in Muen-sterland (Western Germany). there a clutch five eggs produced four hatchlings in mid-June 1984 after an incubation period of 28 days. The young left the nest after about 70 days, but they were still actively cared for and fed, mainly by the parent, for a few weeks more.
Its price in the European market round 1000 EUR. generally silent the Amazons largest. It can be noisy just before and during the breeding season.
These birds can become aggressive in breeding season and can attack the caregiver. The nest boxes are better positioned to nest inspection can be performed from outside the aviary. The inspection of the nest is best when adult birds are out of the nest, however captive breeding has rarely been achieved between individuals.
Susceptible to intestinal infections during the acclimatization period.
Their life expectancy can overcome the 50 years.
Alternative names:
– White-fronted Parrot, Spectacled Amazon, Spectacled Parrot, White fronted Parrot, White-browed Amazon, White-browed Parrot, White-fronted Amazon (English).
– Amazone ร front blanc, Amazone ร lunettes (French).
– Weiรstirnamazone (German).
– Papagaio-de-testa-branca (Portuguese).
– Amazona de Frente Blanca, Amazona Frentialba, Cotorra Frentiblanca, Lora frentiblanca, Loro Frente Blanca, loro frente-blanca, Loro Frentiblanco, Cotorra Guayabera (espaรฑol).
– Cabeza de Manta, Loro Manglero, Cocha, Cocho, Cucha (Mexico).
Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
Birdlife
The New Parrot Handbook by Werner Lantermann,Matthew M. Vriends
Photos:
(1) – White-fronted Amazon By David Oliva (originally posted to Flickr as Cotorro 007) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – White-fronted Amazons in Schรถnbrunn Zoo By spacebirdy(also known as geimfygliรฐ (:> )=| made with Sternenlaus-spirit) (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 or FAL], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – white-fronted amazon (Amazona albifrons) By Christoph Anton Mitterer (Flickr: P8155550) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – White-fronted Amazon Amazona albifrons pair perching in a tree at Guanacaste, Costa Rica By Steve Jurvetson (originally posted to Flickr as love birds) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – White-fronted Amazon, (Amazona albifrons). A pet parrot on a perch. Red feathers on this parrots shoulders indicate that it is a male By โจ Redvers (Flickr) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – White-fronted Amazons in Schรถnbrunn Zoo By spacebirdy(also known as geimfygliรฐ (:> )=| made with Sternenlaus-spirit) (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 or FAL], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – A captive White-fronted Amazon in Copรกn Ruinas, Copรกn, Honduras By Troy from Charlottesville, USA (Flickr) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(8) – A White-fronted Amazon – upper body by sumba [CC BY 2.0 of], via Wikimedia Commons
(9) – A pet juvenile White-fronted Amazon in Poole, Dorset, England By Kyle Payne from England (Odd Looking Seagull) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(10) – White-fronted Amazon, Amazona albifrons, Remove alone B. Planet Earth – Flickr
Origin: Panama, Brazil, Bolivia, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, Peru
Character: active and smart
Life expectancy: 50 to 60 years.
Height: 35 to 41 cm..
Content
Description
35 to 41 cm.. height and between 380 and 500 g. of weight.
The Yellow-crowned Parrot(Amazona ochrocephala) has the forecrown and front area crown, bright yellow; lores, cheeks and supercilii area, green in most birds, but sometimes with yellow extending over lores and around eyes, and some birds with red bases hidden by yellow feathers crown; sides and back of the neck, nape and the mantle, green with dark margins, giving scalloped effect.
Upperparts green. coverts lower red, other coverts green; edge front of the wing
yellowish; five o'clock outer secondaries They are green with bright red to outerweb forming speculum; flight feather green with blue tips to secondaries and primary outerweb, dark to black in points. Underwing-coverts, dull green with blackish tips. Underparts green with plenty of blue in the chest; yellow feathers on the the thighs (often few and discrete).
Upper, the tail It is green with yellow stripes; below green with wide yellow ends; both with outer feathers basically red and a bluish puckered in outerweb.
Dark gray Bill, reddish at base of upper jaw; iris orange; legs grey.
Both sexes they are similar. The immature It has a narrower yellow patch on the head, stripes orange-red to yellow feathers crown; less red at the base of feathers tail; feathers of the tail more pointed and irises brown.
(Finsch, 1865) – Less yellow in the head that the nominal species, with frontal band green. Cheeks, supercilii area and lores with blue tint. Red curve wing
often mixed with yellow feathers.
(Cabanis, 1874) – Bill horn-colored pink, yellow feathers restricted as V in forecrown and front of the crown. Possibly average smaller than the nominal species.
Amazona ochrocephala xantholaema
(Berlepsch, 1913) – More extensive yellow in the head which extends to the back of the neck, around the eyes, to cheeks and to the ear-coverts. Often with frontal band narrow green. bluish tint in the chest.
They inhabit in open forests, moist forest edges, gallery forests, deciduous forest, open savannas and wetlands in lowland rain forests, also cultivated and suburban areas in some localities, and often near rivers.
The gallery forest It is your preferred Panama where Yellow-crowned Parrot avoid continuous humid forest, being replaced, possibly, there and in many areas of South America, by the Orange-winged Parrot(Amazona amazonica).
Usually observed in the lowlands; reported to 500 metres in Colombia and Venezuela and a 750 metres in Honduras. Usually in pairs or small flocks of 10-30 birds, with occasional gatherings up 300. Birds gather in common trees.
Reproduction:
Son Monogamie, couples joined in for life.
His time of reproduction It is from December to May. During this time, they lay clutches of 2 to 4 eggs, only Por those Nidada Tempordaa. Nest palm trunks and termite mounds.
It takes about 25 days for the eggs to hatch and near 56 days to become fledglings. The young become independent 2 months after hatching. Both male and female Yellow crowned Parrot reach sexual maturity around the 3 years.
Food:
Foods reported in the diet include fruit Immature American Curatella, Pereskia guamacho and other Cactus. Mainly feeds on treetop.
It is considered a plague in some localities for their love of eating bananas (Mussa paradisea), handles and Corn crops.
This species is considered a pest in some areas by his fondness for the consumption of bananas (Mussa paradisea), mangoes and corn crops.
Distribution:
Size of its range (reproduction / resident): 8.010.000 km2
The Yellow-crowned Parrot are in Panama, in Central America and in South America, from south to east Brazil and to the North of Bolivia.
Observed in the eastern foothills of the Andes and adjacent lowlands Colombia; eastward across the tropical zone Venezuela and south, from the coastal mountains through Bolรญvar (where apparently it is not known from south) and amazon, until Guyanas and Trinidad (where their status is uncertain due to the captive birds introduced).
Present in the basin Amazonas Brazil, to the south, to the Northwest of Mato Grosso and west, in the lowlands of eastern Ecuador and through the Peruvian Amazon, to the North of Bolivia.
Apparently residents throughout its distribution area. very small numbers in Panama, although locally fairly common, especially in those areas more dry; it is the most common parrot (at least once) in the San Blas Islands. generally common (even locally abundant) in South America, but the numbers are reduced in the more accessible areas due to trade.
Distribution 4 subspecies
Amazona ochrocephala nattereri
(Finsch, 1865) – South of Colombia in Caqueta, is of Ecuador, is of Peru, West of Brazil and North of Bolivia. Possibly integrated with nominal species in border areas Goal and Caquetรก in Colombia.
Amazona ochrocephala ochrocephala
(Gmelin, 1788) – Nominal. It is from Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Guianas and North of Brazil south to the tributaries of the lower margin right amazon in amazon and For.
โข Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.
โข Population trend: Decreasing.
This species is considered at present as minor concern BirdLife International, and, as a result, also by UICN.
Even though the populations it is believed that are in decline, still do not approach the threshold specified by BirdLife International to evaluate the species as Near-threatened.
It is listed in the Appendix II of the CITES.
The Yellow-crowned Parrot in captivity:
Known for his pranks and excellent skills imitate the human voice. Having said that, the ability to mimic will vary between birds and although many of them are excellent conversadoras, Some will never come to talk. These Amazons are generally affectionate. Its friendly and playful nature make them excellent pets.
Son easily domesticable and easy to train. Known to be very active, What makes them more suited to an environment that enables them to fly.
Son known for their voices. It is said that it is the strongest of all Amazon parrots. People who are not tolerant to noise, they will do well to live with this Parrot.
like most parrots, this horsewoman it can be very destructive. We must "personalize their environment" by providing them with objects to chew such as different toys and branches.
Its longevity should also be a consideration. These parrots They can live between 60 and 80 years.
avibase
Parrots of the World โ Forshaw Joseph M
Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr Birdlife
Parrot Book, Parrots and macaws Neotropical
Photos:
(1) – A pet Yellow-crowned Amazon in Puerto Maldonado, Peru By Kate from UK (Lola) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – A pet Yellow-crowned Amazon By Freegiampi (From Giuseppe's farm) [CC BY-SA 2.5], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Yellow-crowned Amazon or Yellow-crowned Parrot (Amazona ochrocephala) in captivity By Stephen Joyce from barcelona, Spain (Parrot) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Yellow-crowned Amazon or Yellow-crowned Parrot (Amazona ochrocephala) in captivity in the Parrotโs Garden (Jardim dos Louros), in the Botanical Garden of Funchal, Madeira island, Portugal By jmaximo [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – A Yellow-crowned Amazon in Gatorland, Florida, USA By greyloch from Washington, DC, area, U.S.A. (green parrot preening) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Amazona ochrocephala panamensis, Panama Amazon (also known as the Panama Yellow-headed Amazon); two in captivity By TJ Lin (originally posted to Flickr as DSCN1005) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – A Yellow-headed Amazon (or Parrot) near the Brazil-Peru-Colombia triple junction By Dick Culbert from Gibsons, B.C., Canada (Amazona ochrocephala) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(8) – A Yellow-crowned Amazon at Bloedel Floral Conservatory, Vancouver, Canada By Karen Neoh (Parrot) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(9) – Yellow-crowned Amazon or Yellow-crowned Parrot (Amazona ochrocephala) in a tree in Venezuela By Rufino (originally posted to Flickr as camouflage) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(10) – Amazona ochrocephala From Natural History of Parrots (by Francois Levaillant, 1801-1805) – Wikimedia
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