The White-naped Lory It has a distinctive patch white in nape. The underparts They are entirely red except yellow markings on the sides of chest. It lacks dark violet broadcast belly and of the undertail-coverts, If shown by the Purple-bellied Lory. Seen at close quarters, the cere Dark also separates this species from the Purple-bellied Lory, what does he have cere white.
The White-naped Lory It is also less Beefy that the Purple-bellied Lory and has a whistle call which differs considerably with the distinctive snore nasal call of the Purple-bellied Lory.
Has the crown black, violet slightly marked by the white patch nape; rest of head bright red. The upperparts red. The wings They are green with a yellow band on the lower part and violet with white spots on the curvature. The upperparts They are red with yellow markings on the sides of the chest and blue marks on the the thighs. Tail red on the outside and yellow on the inside part. Bill orange with dark base in the upper jaw; cere black; irises yellow to reddish brown; legs greyish black.
Habitat:
Known only in the mountains south of New Ireland between 500 and 2.000 m, mainly on 1.000 m.
Normally found in pairs while feed on fruits or wild flowers "oil palm". Been seen feeding on the same tree as the Purple-bellied Lory without harming it.
Distinctive species, little known and restricted to the forests of the hills of New Ireland in the Bismarck Archipelago (Papua New Guinea).
Conservation:
• Current IUCN Red List category: Near-threatened.
• Population trend: Decreasing.
Quite common at all limits within its altitude range. The world population probably it is lower to the 10.000 specimens.
No information on population trends; But, the species is suspected falling slowly, as a result of logging.
The conservation actions proposals:
• Effectively protect hill forests.
• Determine the tolerance of forests exploited at different altitudes.
• Monitor populations at key sites.
"White-naped Lory" in captivity:
None known.
Alternative names:
– White-naped Lory, White naped Lory (ingles).
– Lori à nuque blanche (French).
– Weißnackenlori (German).
– Lorius albidinucha (Portuguese).
– Lori Nuquiblanco, Tricogloso de Nuca Blanca (español).
The White-capped Parrot(Pionus seniloides) It is easily identifiable by the "peak" yellow, head usually white, with the crown with reddish speckles, feathers of the nape and sides of the head with dark blue edges and red dyes which gives the appearance of flake.
Breast
with greenish blue edges, under belly and internal base tail red.
Iris of color Brown and legs gray-green.
The youth have crown and chest green, and green spots on the sides of the head and neck.
Note:
Previously he was treated as a subspecies of the species Pionus tumultuosus, that is to say, Pionus tumultuosus seniloides. A midyear 2014 it is considered as own species.
It is a kind Rare. It inhabits in humid jungle and edges, from the 1900 to 3000 m. It is mainly a species of temperate zone, but you can descend to lower elevations.
Like most highland parrots, the White-capped Parrot are rather nomads, widely wandering in search of fruits and seeds (now perhaps more as a result of extensive deforestation). Usually observed in flocks 3-25 birds, sometimes more. More active with grey weather, overcast skies. Difficult to see while feeding or resting in the upper canopy. Its silhouette in flight resembles a Amazona but with the beating of wings deepest.
Reproduction:
It nests in tree hollows.
Food:
Feeds of seeds, fruit of Turpinia paniculata and plants of the family Clusiaceae; sometimes in cornfields, causing damage to their crops.
Distribution:
Size of its range (reproduction / resident): 1.020.000 km2
Live west of Venezuela (from the border Trujillo–Lara) through the East of the Andes of Colombia (rare in the western Andes), and on both sides of the Andes in Ecuador and Northwest of Peru (west to Cajamarca and this, at least until Freedom)
Conservation:
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.
• Population trend: Decreasing.
Justification of the population
The size of the world population It has not been quantified, but this species is described as «quite common«, but irregular distribution (Stotz et to the., 1996).
Justification of trend
They suspected that the population is declining due to the continuous habitat destruction.
"White-capped Parrot" in captivity:
Rare in captivity. In Europe they arrived first at the beginning of the century 20 and then the early 70. In captivity, However, They were raised for the first time in the second half of the 80.
Alternative names:
– White-capped Parrot, Speckle-faced Parrot (White-capped), White-headed Parrot (English).
– Pione givrée (French).
– Greisenkopfpapagei, Glatzenkopfpapagei, Greisenkopf-Papagei (German).
– White-capped Parrot (Portuguese).
– Loro de Cabeza Blanca, Loro seniloide, Loro gorriblanco (español).
– Cotorra Cabeciblanca (Venezuela).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Parrot Book, Parrots and macaws Neotropical
– parrots.org
28 cm.. length and an approximate weight of 200 g..
The Yellow-bibbed Lory(Lorius chlorocercus) is the only member of the genus Lorius It found in the Solomon Islands Orientales. In flight it has a robust construction, with a distinctive tail short.
It has a hood black running from the top of the bill up to the nape; the rest of the head is bright red with a prominent patch black, Crescent-shaped, on one side of neck. The upperparts They are red; center of the mantle, dark red. The wings green with yellow light bronze glow, in particular coverts and tertiary.
internals flight feather and greater coverts, black; bend of wing with a white spot and sometimes showing blue below wing-coverts; the coverts are blue, black tip, with a reddish pink broadband in the Central, on the undersides of the primaries. axillary purple blue.
The underparts They are red with a prominent yellow necklace; the thighs blue. Top, of the tail, red with green tips; lower tail, red with yellow opaque tip.
The bill It is orange with dark base to lower jaw; Orange the irises; legs dark gray.
The immature They have yellow band chest and marks on the sides and virtually absent bill is brown.
The cap black, wings green and underparts red with a band in the chest yellow, you are distinguished from other sympatric species of similar size as the Cardinal Lory and the Coconut Lorikeet.
Found in the canopy of the forest and secondary growth at all altitudes up to 1.000 m. In Guadalcanal it is more common in foothills than in lowlands and more common in low cloud forest. Other islands also occasionally observed around coconut plantations. Usually moves individually, in pairs or in groups of up to ten birds. Ecology generally little known although presumably typical of the genus.
Reproduction:
Little is known of its reproduction in the wild.
In captive, the setting is two eggs and incubation lasts and 25 days. The young remain in the nest during 8 to 10 weeks.
Food:
Its diet pollen compose, nectar, flowers and seeds.
Distribution:
Size of its range (reproduction / resident): 78.200 km2
Least concern – in the news quite common in the natural and abundant across most of its range.
Many species of birds in the Solomon Islands are vulnerable simply because of their small natural ranges, and the felling of forests for agriculture is a constant threat.
"Yellow-bibbed Lory" in captivity:
Before the Decade of 1990, the Yellow-bibbed Lory(Lorius chlorocercus) it was almost unknown in the United States and poultry farming, even then, a handful of birds were imported from the Solomon Islands. In 1998, a captive breeding consortium, call Solomon Island Parrot Consortium (SIPC), It was formed and received permission from the Government of the Solomon Islands and permissions of USFWS to import 30 pairs of each of the six species of parrots that are found in the Solomon Islands.
These 60 Yellow-bibbed Lory they were the first species imported under this permit. From these original 60 birds, now there are enough birds that are starting to appear as pets from time to time. They were first bred in United States in 1989, in the aviaries of Seattle by Jan van Oosteen, who is considered the force behind the obtaining of this group of 30 couples.
More information on –> birdchannel
Alternative names:
– Yellow-bibbed Lory, Yellow bibbed Lory (ingles).
– Lori à collier jaune (French).
– Grünschwanzlori (German).
– Lóris-de-colar-amarelo (Portuguese).
– Lori Acollarado, Tricogloso de Collar (español).
They live in areas xerophytic vegetation, frequenting desert scrub dominated by cactus, cardón and shrubs or small trees; also frcuentan cultivated areas, until the 450 m. They move in pairs or flocks of up 100 individuals, especially at the time of feed.
Reproduction:
The nesting takes place in tree cavities, cactus or cliffs, in general, between March and August (Sanz and Rodriguez-Ferraro 2006). The average size of clutch is of 3,38 eggs per nest, and most of the eggs survive until the hatching. The incubation lasts a few 26 days and leave the nest 60 days after hatch.
It tends to rest communally in tall trees, with groups of up 700 birds recorded (Juniper and Parr 1998).
Food:
Their diet is composed of Cactus and other fruits. They have been reported in their diet fruits 22 genders. rich flowers nectar, cardón and the urero, which eats fruits, flowers and trunk, fruits and seeds Stenocereus, seeds and flowers guatacaro (Boarreria Sumnensis) and yaque.
Distribution:
Size of its range (reproduction / resident): 11,000 km2
He is currently extinct on Paraguana Peninsula (Briceño-Linares et. To the. 2011). References to the presence of a population of wild parrots in Curacao They are based on a historical source of the century 18 (AO Debrot in some 1999, 2007.); there have been reports from modern 1988 (The farmer 2008, A. Rodriguez-Ferraro in litt. 2012), although it has been suggested that these birds can be released or escaped cages. (Williams 2012).
It became extinct in Aruba towards 1950 (Rojas-Suarez & Rodríguez 2015).
The numbers on the islands seem to fluctuate, but they have increased in Margarita of 750 birds in 1989 (Sanz y Grajal 1998) until around 2000 in 2015 (Rojas-Suarez & Rodríguez 2015).
The population in Bonaire It was estimated in 400 individuals in 2006 (Williams and Martin 2006) and 650-800 individuals in 2012 (Department of Resources and Planning, Bonaire by R. Martin y S. Williams a slightly. 2012).
The continent's population was considered in decline 2003 (Hilty 2003).
Their habitat continues to be lost in the eastern part of the continental mountain range (V. Sanz in some. 2016) and the population of together (is of Venezuela) it is believed that are declining due to poaching and habitat conversion for agriculture (V. Sanz n bit. 2016), so it is likely that the continental population continues to decline.
Conservation:
State of conservation ⓘ
Vulnerable ⓘ(UICN)ⓘ
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Vulnerable.
• Population trend: Unknown.
The population size: 1700-5600 specimens.
It is classified as a endangered specie, It is the main threats capture their young for pet trade, and habitat destruction of nesting and feeding by the extraction of sand for the construction industry.
The recovery of the population of this bird has been the spearhead of Provita's work in Macanao, since its conservation benefits a large part of the biodiversity of the peninsula, as their habitat covers large areas, it is also a charismatic species, that easily attracts the public to conservation efforts.
Source: PROVITA
"Yellow-shouldered Parrot" in captivity:
Rare but increasing due to the successes of captive breeding.
have a participatory personality, inquisitivas and curious to the point of being "nosy" and her gentle nature only adds to her charm. Mild to moderate its ability to speak.
Always playful, enable They require a cage equipped with toys. They worship a bathroom and displayed chatty while bathing under running warm water.
(1) – Yellow-shouldered Amazon (Amazona barbadensis) also known as Yellow-shouldered Parrot. Pet in Venezuela perching on the top of a wooden frame. By John Bäckstrand (originally posted to Flickr as IMG_2721) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Yellow-shouldered Amazon in the Walsrode Bird Park, Germany By Quartl (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons By Quartl (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Yellow-shouldered Amazon (also known as Yellow-shouldered Parrot). Two in the foreground in a cage By TJ Lin [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Yellow-shouldered Amazon (Amazona barbadensis) also known as Yellow-shouldered Parrot. Pet in Venezuela perching on a hand. Shows crown By John Bäckstrand (originally posted to Flickr as IMG_2469) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Yellow-shouldered Amazon (Amazona barbadensis) also known as Yellow-shouldered Parrot. Pet in Venezuela By John Bäckstrand (originally posted to Flickr as IMG_2468) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Amazona barbadensis in the Loro Parque zoo of Tenerife, Spain By Bjoertvedt (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – Amazona barbadensis in the Loro Parque zoo of Tenerife, Spain By Bjoertvedt (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(8) – Yellow-shouldered Amazon (Amazona barbadensis) also known as Yellow-shouldered Parrot. Pet in Venezuela – side view – a little red and blue seen at edge of wing By John Bäckstrand (originally posted to Flickr as IMG_3117) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(9) – Yellow-shouldered Amazon (Amazona barbadensis) also known as Yellow-shouldered Parrot. Pet in Venezuela on the top of a wooden climbing frame. Mainly showing its upper body By John Bäckstrand (originally posted to Flickr as IMG_2723) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(10) – Original illustration of the «Green & Yellow Parrot from Barbados», currently known as Amazona barbadensis – Wikipedia
The most notorious of the White-necked Parakeet(Pyrrhura albipectus) It is the yellowish-white or white that goes from the cheeks to chest.
Crown dark stripes pale gray on the back; frontal band reddish thin; cheeks escalations of yellow and green and ear-coverts Orange; collar full white and chest yellow; belly and remaining upperparts green. Wings Greens with primary coverts red and carpal area, and primaries Bluish; tail long and pointy green, red opaque at the bottom.
The immature lacks the frontal band and has paler the ear-coverts.
Lives mainly in humid primary forest, foraging on fruit trees, preferably along rivers, Although he tolerates areas open and intercepted, from 900 to 2000 m (usually between 1400 and 1800 m).
Make altitudinal movements following the fruiting. Flies in flocks of 12 to 50 individuals. It bathes in pools or between rocks covered with MOSS.
Reproduction:
There is little evidence about its reproduction, possibly from May to July. A young clerk was seen in September (Snyder et to the., 2000).
Food:
The diet includes fruit, seeds and flowers Vine, mainly taken in the canopy.
Distribution:
Size of its range (reproduction / resident): 19.600 km2
Confined to three areas in southeast Ecuador and recently also it has been found in northern Peru.
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Vulnerable.
• Population trend: Decreasing.
Rationale for the Red List category
This species is classified as Vulnerable because it dwells in a few places and has a small range in which the habitat (and presumably the population) it is decreasing.
Justification of the population
The total population it may be only a few thousand birds, by what is placed in the band 2.500-9.999 individuals. This is equivalent to 1.667-6.666 mature individuals, rounded here to 1.500-7.000 mature individuals.
Justification of trend
It is suspected that the species is falling slowly, on the basis of continuous habitat destruction.
Conservation Actions Underway
• CITES Appendix II.
• The Podocarpus national park It is an important site for the conservation of the species. A revised management plan has been designed for the area and a public awareness campaign highlights the importance of the park (Snyder et to the. 2000).
• The White-necked Parakeet It is also found in the reserve Tapichalaca of 3.500 acres of the Fundación Jocotoco, where they are used successfully artificial nesting boxes (Waugh 2009).
• It is also located in the Ichigkat Muja- Condor Range National Park (F. Angulo 2012 a bit.).
Conservation Actions Proposed
• Conduct surveys to assess species distribution and total population size.
• Monitor rates of habitat loss and degradation within its range.
• Manage the Podocarpus national park so that endangered species are better protected.
"White-necked Parakeet" in captivity:
It is not easy to find it in captivity.
Alternative names:
– White-necked Parakeet, White necked Parakeet, White-breasted Conure, White-breasted Parakeet, White-necked Conure (English).
– Conure à col blanc, Perriche à col blanc, Perruche à col blanc (French).
– Weißhalssittich, Weisshals-Sittich (German).
– Tiriba-do-pescoço-branco (Portuguese).
– Cotorra Cuelliblanca, Perico de Pecho Blanco (español).
– Perico de Cuello Blanco (Peru).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Parrot Book, Parrots and macaws Neotropical
– Photos:
(1) – Ingrid Grunwald, IBC943789. Photo of White-necked Parakeet Pyrrhura albipectus at Zamora-Chinchipe Province, Ecuador. Accessible at hbw.com/ibc/943789.
The head of the Yellow-billed Lorikeet(Neopsittacus musschenbroekii) is green, strongly impregnated with olive brown, veined in ear-coverts and showing a shaft of yellow stripes on the crown; darker line in the lores, above the bill; forecrown green.
Upperparts green intermediate. The wings green above with vane blackish internal to the coverts and black on the tips of the flight feather. Rojas the Underwing coverts. Flight feathers blackish with wide red central band. Throat greenish yellow yielding to red chest to the top of the the thighs. Flanks yellowish green to the sides of chest, with a central area in the bottom area chest and belly, red; coverts more yellowish than the rest of the underparts.
Cover top of queue, green, yellow tips, Brown shafts with red bases on the side of the feathers; undertail yellow-orange, showing red bases in lateral feathers when they deployed.
Bill pale yellow; irises red; gray of the legs.
Sexes alike.
Immature duller than adults with brands head less clear and red on the underparts restricted to spots in the center of belly and in the chest. Bill brownish-orange, irises yellow brown or orange. Young birds also show feathers tail pointy, which they are rounded as adults.
(Neumann, 1924) – Slightly larger than the nominal and paler in upperparts.
Habitat:
It inhabits in montane forests, edges of forests, partially cleared areas of secondary growth, mainly between 1.400 and 2.500 m, even if you are also registered at altitudes as low as 1.100 meters and as high as 3,000 m. It is also common in altered areas or in groves of Casuarina or eucalyptus in garden areas.
It seems that they have adapted well to the impacts of the man. But it is absent from the places where the forest has been removed completely over large areas.
Visible and noisy, they are in pairs, small flocks and in larger congregations of up to 50 birds in flowering trees. Over most of New Guinea, This species is replaced at higher altitudes by the smaller Orange-billed Lorikeet, commonly found in the company with the latter in the upper band of its altitudinal range (except Vogelkop).
Most frequently found in flowering trees, often in the company of other species such as the Papuan Lorikeet, also in the fructification of the Schefflera and feeding is sometimes lower levels even on the weeds at ground level.
Reproduction:
Observed to be moving like a rodent along branches. The laying It is two eggs in a hole in the trunk of a tree. Period unknown but an immature nesting was observed in the Province of West Papua in late August and a fledgling in the same area in the middle of November.
Food:
Feeds of pollen, nectar, small fruits and berries. It is also thought that feed on seeds as part regular your diet, while the Orange-billed Lorikeet is limited to nectar only. As other parrots can eat insects and their larvae, deliberately or accidentally.
Distribution:
Size of its range (reproduction / resident): 587.000 km2
New Guinea in Irian Java (Indonesian) and Papua New Guineto. Is distributed from East of Vogelkop up to the Huon Peninsula and scattered areas in the Southeast. In Vogelkop, Despite the absence of the Orange-billed Lorikeet, the population of the Yellow-billed Lorikeet is relatively low. A small amount in captivity.
20-25 cm.. length and 72 g. of weight.
The Yellow-chevroned parakeet(Brotogeris chiriri) has a plumage, in general, bright green; the underparts They are of a paler green and lower coverts are yellowish-green.
The wings They are of a slightly darker green, with the yellow border, visible when wings remain bent or when the bird is in flight. Their bill, hook-shaped, is orange-brown and legs and feet, pinkish gray. The eye rings They are creamy white and eyes dark browns.
It is intimately related to the Canary-winged Parakeet(Brotogeris versicolurus). In fact, it was considered conspécifica (owned or belonging to the same species) until 1997.
The females sexually dimorphic and are not to be sexed, either surgically or by DNA.
The immature are similar to adults but have the tail shorter and the bill It is a darker brown.
Taxonomic note:
Until 1997, some taxonomists considered the Canary-winged Parakeet and Yellow-chevroned parakeet belonging to the same species. Even though the Yellow-chevroned parakeet It has the same secondary covert yellow feathers that can be seen in the Canary-winged Parakeet – no white in the primary wing feathers.
They are mainly below 1000 m, locally up 2500 meters in a variety of habitats including humid forests, seasonal and coastal, Pantanal, savannah and city parks. reported to 2500 meters in arid areas.
Usually, traveling in flocks; in such small groups as 2 to 4 birds, but they have been observed to 20. They are described as small parrots assets, entertaining to watch.
Reproduction:
Nest usually in the cavities of trees or in tree termite nests. They also form nesting tunnels in dead palm fronds..
Once a nest It has been located and correctly "prepared" by the couple, It is performed the laying, between 4 and 5 eggs. after breeding, the Yellow-chevroned parakeet they form large communal huts until the next breeding season.
Food:
In their natural habitats, feed of seeds (including outbreaks), fruit as berries and figs and flowers. Also consume nectar, insects and their larvae. Often they are seen visiting barreiros (areas where there is soil rich in minerals) and the banks of the rivers to feed on the soil.
Distribution:
Size of its range (breeding/resident ): 5,670,000 km2
Distributed inside East Brazil to the East of Bolivia, Paraguay and North of Argentina, in Formosa, Chaco, Missions and North of Currents. Introduced populations in Miami, Florida and California.
Distribution 2 subspecies:
Brotogeris chiriri behni
(Neumann, 1931) – Center of Bolivia to the Northwest of Argentina, in Salta.
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.
• Population trend: Stable.
Rationale for the Red List category
This species has a extremely large range and, therefore, it does not approach the thresholds of vulnerability under the criteria of size range (Extension <20,000 km2 combinada con un tamaño de rango decreciente o fluctuante, extensión / calidad de hábitat o tamaño de población y un pequeño número De lugares o fragmentación severa). La demographic trend appears to be stable and, therefore, the species does not approach the thresholds Vulnerable under the criteria of population trend (> 30% decline over ten years or three generations). The population size has not been quantified, but it is not believed to be close to the thresholds for Vulnerable under the criterion of population size (<10.000 individuos maduros con un descenso continuo estimado> 10% in ten years or three generations or a population structure). For these reasons the species is evaluated as the least concern.
Justification of the population
The size of the world's population has not been quantified, but this species is described as «quite common» (Stotz et to the., 1996).
Justification of trend
They suspected that the population is stable in absence of evidence of any decline or threatens substantial.
"Yellow-chevroned parakeet" in captivity:
Today is Rare.
Since the late sixties to mid-seventies, more than 260.000 these were parakeets imported from South America for the pet trade. At that moment, the Yellow-chevroned parakeet It was the most imported parrot. They settled in California (Los Angeles, San Francisco) self-sustaining populations Yellow-chevroned parakeet released or escapes; populations also in Florida (Miami), as well as Connecticut and New York City.
The Chirirí Kitten appears to be better suited to its adopted habitat than its closely related cousin., the the Canary-winged Parakeet(Brotogeris versicolurus).
The Canary-winged Parakeet It has declined considerably since the early 80, while the Yellow-chevroned parakeet It has established itself in different habitats.
In 2002, the population of Yellow-chevroned parakeet in the area of Los Angeles, California It was estimated at 400 individuals. In the Florida, They have prospered more than any other place in the United States – there have been huge flocks, several hundred of them. The species is also quite established in the city center Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, which he was also introduced.
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Photos:
(1) – A Yellow-chevroned Parakeet in Sarutaiá, Sao Paulo, Brazil By Dario Sanches [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – A pet Yellow-chevroned Parakeet By Wagner Machado Carlos Lemes from Goiânia, Brazil [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – A Yellow-chevroned Parakeet perching in a tree By Paulo Barradas (Brotogeris chiririUploaded by Sno whom You nradio) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – A Yellow-chevroned Parakeet in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil By Delcio Gonçalves from Goiânia, Brazil (A corn diferenteUploaded by Snowmanradio) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Parakeet yellow meeting. Photo taken in the hinterlands of the Sucuriú River By Deusdedith de Souza Alves Filho DehAlves (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Yellow-chevroned Parakeet (Brotogeris chiriri)(Left) and Peach-fronted Parakeet (Aratinga aurea)(Right) on Combretum flowers By Bernard DUPONT from FRANCE [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – A Yellow-chevroned Parakeet in Brazil By Alastair Rae (Flickr: Yellow-chevroned Parakeet) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(8) – A Yellow-chevroned Parakeet in Bonito, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. It is perching on the stem of a mango, which it has been eating By Alexandre Pereira [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(9) – A Yellow-chevroned Parakeet on Erythrina velutina By Derek Keats from Johannesburg, South Africa (… on Erythrina velutina) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
The Yellow-crested cockatoo(Cacatua sulphurea) It is distinguished by its long, thin yellow erectile crest, that curves forward, and extending upward, above the nape, when it folded. The front of his crown and main feathers crest, are white. The rest of your plumage It is also white, except in yellow suffusion ear-coverts, under the wings and in the innerwebs of the undertail-coverts. The bases of the hackles and underparts, They are yellowed; some birds show a slight yellow tone, particularly on chest and the belly. The bill It is black; eye ring pale bluish; irises dark brown; legs grey. The female is similar to the male but with the irises reddish and slightly smaller.
The young birds They show both sexes irises dark taupe, although females They begin to acquire the red coloration in the first year. The bill and legs immature are also lighter.
(Oberholser, 1917) – Similar to the parvula, but largest.
Cacatua sulphurea citrinocristata
Cacatua sulphurea citrinocristata
(Fraser, 1844) – Slightly larger than the nominal, with one crest orange & ear-coverts orange yellow. Additional research may provide a basis for improving this subspecies to a specific status..
Cacatua sulphurea parvula
(Bonaparte, 1850) – Similar to the nominal species, but with the ear-coverts paler and less yellow on yellow feathers underparts. the size of the bill in this subspecies it increases clinically towards the west.
They inhabit at the edges of the forest, wooded areas, farmland, cocoteros, semi-arid areas and forests until the 800 m (locally 1.200 m).
The Yellow-crested cockatoo usually they found in pairs or small groups of up to ten individuals, although they may meet in larger flocks to feed on fruit trees. They can form flocks with Eclectus Parrot(Eclectus roratus).
They tend to be noisy and visible, but can be difficult to spot when moving silently in the canopy, and they are more often in flight. The groups who leave their resting places in the montane forest areas frequently displace forage at lower altitudes including cultivated fields. Pairs may hover conspicuously above the forest canopy searching for fruitful trees, allowing a reasonably close approach when resting on a branch.
The crest It is generally stands when landing, or when an individual is making calls from a perch. Like most of the Cockatoos They enjoy a bath in the rain.
Reproduction:
Specimens of Yellow-crested cockatoo on the island of button in State reproductive during the months of September and October, although Nusa Tenggara the breeding It occurs in the months of April and May. The female It lays two or three white eggs in the hollow of a tree, and incubation lasts around 28 days with both parents participating. Chicks they leave the nest to 10 weeks and are dependent parent for about two months.
Food:
They feed in trees and soil. Its diet It includes seeds, corn (Zea mays) of cultivated fields, fruit, berries, egg yolks, flowers and nuts (including large coconuts (cocos nucifera)).
Distribution and status:
Size of its range (breeding/resident ): 1.360.000 km2
The Yellow-crested cockatoo They are confined Indonesian, where they can be seen in the lowlands Isla Celebes (virtually extinct in the north), islands in the Flores sea, in Nusa Tenggara and isolated islands Masalembu in the Java Sea.
introduced in Singapore and Hong Kong. The species is found in both wooded areas and cultivated and is scarce throughout its range. It is estimated that the world population total is less than 40.000 birds and is decreasing. Although populations of the nominal subspecies and of the subspecies parvula may still be close to 10.000 specimens, the citrinocristata subspecies It has an estimated population between 800 and 7.200 only individuals, having declined by 80% between the years 1986 and 1989, while the distinctive subspecies abbotti It is now represented by only nine individuals in nature.
Although habitat loss is clearly a factor in Sumba, where distribution appears to be linked to the extent of primary forest (is only about 15% the original forest), trade is the main threat to the species as a whole. Trade data show that exported almost 100.000 birds in years 1980-1992. The export citrinocristata subspecies It was banned in 1992 by local authorities, and 26 birds were confiscated in September of that year. There are probably at least 50 individuals of each subspecies in public collections and more than 2.000 in private aviculture, although the numbers for the subspecies abbotti They are unknown.
(Fraser, 1844) – Sumba, where it can be seen in the remaining forest around left, or east of the island, where it may still be locally common; an expedition of the Manchester Metropolitan University found it common in the remaining forest areas in 1990, with the greatest discovery of birds, a group of five birds, found in primary forest near Tabundung
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: critically endangered.
• Population trend: Decreasing.
Its crashing fall It is almost entirely attributable to the unsustainable exploitation for domestic and international trade. Logging to the conversion of forests for agriculture as well as the use of pesticides for land and large-scale.
Justification of the population
Based on recent surveys in various parts of the range of the species, C. Trainor in some (2007) It has been estimated the world population in less than 7.000 individuals: 3.200-5.000 en Sumba (though perhaps only 562 in 2012, Burung Indonesia en preparación), 500 en Komodo, 200-300 en Timor Leste, 200-300 en Sulawesi, 20-50 in West Timor, 40-70 Flores, 50-100 en Sumbawa, 100 in Rinca and other 700 birds in total. The best data is located in the band 2.500-9.999 individuals, equivalent to 1.667-6.666 mature individuals, rounded here to 1.500-7.000 mature individuals.
Conservation actions and research in progress
CITES Appendix I (2005). It has developed and adopted a recovery plan cooperative and has prepared an update 2012 (D. Mulyawati in some. 2012). The populations are found in various protected areas, It is the most important Rawa Aopa Watumohai (55 copies in 2011 [Waugh 2013]) and National Parks Caraente (en Sulawesi), supporting up 100 individuals (transgressed 2006) , Reserva Natural de Wildlife en Pulau Moyo, Komodo National Park and two national parks in Sumba: Manupeu-Tanadaru y Laiwangi-Wanggameti. Nini Konis Santana National Park declared in Timor has a 100 estimated birds (Trainor et al., Without date) . In Rawa Aopa Watumohai nests they have been protected from predators by removing vegetation pendant necklaces and installation of plastic around the tree trunks nesting (Waugh 2013). Moratoriums on international trade are in effect, although it is likely that a large proportion of trade is a national. Several subpopulations of Sulphur-crested Cockatoo have increased in Sumba between 1992 and 2002, due to conservation efforts (including local education, ecotourism and law enforcement), although densities remained below those typical for other cockatoo species (Cahill et al ., 2006) . Capture for trade has declined dramatically in Sumba through a variety of awareness and protection measures of the community (D. Mulyawati in some. 2012).
Following the surveys of 2008 and 2009, the Indonesia Parrot Project and Konservasi Kakatua Indonesia have started meetings with community leaders and villagers in Masakambing and Masalembu, as well as with the military and local police, to raise awareness and gain support for Sulphur-crested Cockatoo conservation (Metz et al. Al., 2009) . A conservation program-awareness-pride has also begun to involve adults and school Archipelago Masalembu (Metz et al. , 2009, Translating et al., 2009) And in Southeast Sulawesi (Anon., 2012). A "village regulation" was written to catch, possess or transport the species and initiate measures to reduce habitat destruction and employ a former village chief to guard and protect nests and study Sulphur-crested Cockatoos (Translating et al., 2009) . Moronone community in Rawa Aopa Watumohai NP, where four members of the village have been hired as Forest Wardens (Anon., 2012), have established similar community-based regulations. The guards protect the species against poachers and perform monitoring activities (Waugh 2013). The pest status of the species can be addressed by planting crops to compensate for losses and to act as a "sacrifice culture", for example, sunflower fields are used to attract the species out of other crops (Waugh 2013). Mangrove restoration is also being used to increase nesting habitat available (Waugh 2013). a repeat of the population census is planned abbotti , together with studies on its biological history and ecology (Metz et al., 2009) .
Proposed Research and Conservation Actions
Carry out further studies (including Roti, but also more studies on Alor and Pantar) to identify the most appropriate action for conservation areas and to periodically monitor key population surveys repeating ago 8-10 years. Provide relevant support for protected areas and conservation initiatives within its range and protect nests when possible. Strengthen the protection of forest Poronumbu, Sumba, declaring Nature Reserve (Translating y Agustina 2012). Strengthen control, the enforcement and monitoring of trade and establishing greater management of captive populations. Improve law enforcement in designated protected areas and other key areas for trade, including ports, markets, etc. Promote widespread community conservation initiatives. These may include, en la isla de Pasoso, Sulawesi Central, work to protect the Sulphur-crested Cockatoo should involve all five families living on the island and introduce community involvement programs for children and adults on several other islands where the species occurs (Translating y Agustina 2012). The recommendations formulated specifically for the protection of the species in the Komodo National Park consisted of carrying out an annual monitoring, maintain regular patrols, sensitize local communities and studying human activities and impacts within the park (Imansyah et al ., 2005, Benstead 2006) . Conduct ecological research to clarify options for management and conservation. Other objectives should be to study the abundance and distribution of nest holes and water sources.. The provision of artificial sources of water near the nesting sites, that is to say, water ponds, It is essential for the species on the island of Komodo and may also be necessary to protect the nests of young Komodo dragons in Komodo (Translating y Agustina, 2012).
"Yellow-crested cockatoo" in captivity:
The male Yellow-crested cockatoo It is especially aggressive with the female, sometimes to kill her. This phenomenon is known in many cockatoo species..
among the white cockatoos, this is somewhat difficult to breed in captivity. As a pet can be a formidable partner provided it has been raised for that purpose and to provide much attention.
It is very difficult for them to disconnect in the presence of their owners and entertain themselves without seeking continuous interaction.
Great ability to imitate human sound within the world of cockatoos.
Note: Because of its status, CRITICALLY ENDANGERED, only controlled captive breeding is recommended in an attempt to recover this species in the wild.
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Photos:
(1) – Cacatua sulphurea by Charles Lam – Flickr
(2) – Citron-crested Cockatoo(Cacatua sulphurea citrinocristata) in the Walsrode Bird Park, Germany By Quartl (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – A Yellow-crested Cockatoo at Auckland Zoo, New Zealand By Ashleigh Thompson (originally posted to Flickr as Captain) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Cacatua sulphurea citrinocristata, Citron-crested Cockatoo. Photograph of upper body and crest By Ruth Rogers (originally posted to Flickr as Citron Cockatoo) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Citron-crested Cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea citrinocristata). The glass between the camera and this parrot makes the picture just a little bit blurry By Alexander Tundakov (originally posted to Flickr as White Parrot) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Photo of Lesser Sulphur-crested Cockatoo (wings clipped) By Snowmanradio, with permission from Tropical Birdland, Leicestershire, England. (Own work) [GFDL or CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – Yellow-crested Cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea) at the KOBE Oji Zoo by opencage.info
(8) – Lesser Sulphur-crested Cockatoo (wings clipped) By Snowmanradio, with permission from Tropical Birdland, Leicestershire, England. (Own work) [GFDL or CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(9) – Yellow-crested Cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea) by Darren – Flickr
(10) – Yellow-Crested Cockatoo, Cacatua sulphurea by Sek Keung Lo – Flickr
(11) – Cacatua sulphurea by Charles Lam – Flickr
(12) – Cacatua sulphurea by Charles Lam – Flickr
(13) – Cacatua sulphurea by Pichon Charles Lam – Flickr
(14) – A painting of a Yellow-crested Cockatoo, also known as the Lesser Sulphur-crested Cockatoo, (originally captioned «Plyctolophus sulphureus. Lesser Sulphur-crested Cockatoo») by Edward Lear 1812-1888. [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
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