The Yellow-faced Parrot(Alipiopsitta xanthops) It is distinguished by the large area of ​​yellow in the head, with green tint nape; orange to the sides of body and upper base of the tail; collar yellowish green, belly almost all yellow, the thighs and green inner core tail green; the back it is usually green with yellow tints.
It inhabits in dry forests, also called deciduous forests, in lowlands, with the presence of palmas Mauritia, Although they prefer water courses.
They can be seen in pairs or flocks of up 50 specimens.
Although little information regarding this is available, it is known that nest in the hollows of the highest trees closed; the laying usually three eggs and the incubation period is 23-24 days.
Food:
It's a species of which there are few studies of their natural habitat. Its main food It consists mainly of fruits and seeds. Very fond of mangoes, usually visit their trees full of fruit.
Distribution:
Size of its range (reproduction / resident): 2.700.000 km2
Inside of Brazil and adjacent area to the east of Bolivia and Horqueta, in the East of Paraguay.
Conservation Alipiopsitta xanthops:
State of conservation ⓘ
Near Threatened ⓘ(UICN)ⓘ
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Near-threatened.
• Population trend: Decreasing.
In 1993 two thirds of the Cerrado, This species inhabited, had been moderately or severely altered by agriculture, heavy cattle farming, invasive grasses, the use of pesticides and annual burning.
Conservation Actions Proposed:
• Collate sample data and recent records to provide an improved assessment of distribution and status.
• Estimate the total wild population (Bianchi 2009).
• Assess the impact of habitat loss (Snyder et to the . 2000).
active, curious and playful. Aggressive with other parrots. They can become very noisy. Prone to obesity
Its reproduction rarely been achieved in captivity. The basic requirement would be to isolate a compatible pair during the breeding season due to increased aggression towards other birds during this period.; also require spacious accommodations and a nest box of 25 x 25 x 60 cm. . with input from 8 cm in diameter.
They tend to be aggressive toward their caregivers. The breeding season begins in early May. The implementation is of 2 to 4 eggs, which are incubated during 26 days. The young leave the nest when they are near the 8 weeks of age.
Alternative names:
– Yellow faced Parrot, Yellow-crowned Amazon, Yellow-crowned Parrot, Yellow-faced Amazon (English).
– Amazone à face jaune (French).
– Goldbauchamazone, Schoapapagei (German).
– Papagaio-galego, chorão, curau, papagaio-acurau, papagaio-curraleiro, papagaio-de-barriga-amarela (Portuguese).
– Amazona Chica, Amazona del Cerrado, Loro cara amarilla, Lora chica (español).
(1) – Yellow-faced parrot (Alipiopsitta xanthops) green morph, the Pantanal, Brazil By Charlesjsharp (Own work, from Sharp Photography, sharpphotography) [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Yellow-faced parrot (Alipiopsitta xanthops) yellow morph, the Pantanal, Brazil By Charlesjsharp (Own work, from Sharp Photography, sharpphotography) [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Alipiopsitta xanthops, Yellow-faced Parrot; two in a cage By TJ Lin (originally posted to Flickr as yellow-faced amazon) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Yellow-faced Parrot in Giza Zoo By Hatem Moushir (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Record made in the city of Três Lagoas-MS, urban area. A flock landed on a ponca tree to feed By Jairmoreirafotografia (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Illustration does not look like A. xanthops (Yellow-faced Parrot). Fisch's Papageien monograph discusses this dubious specimen by Francis de Laporte de Castelnau [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
The crown of the Yellow-capped Pygmy-Parrot(Micropsitta keiensis) is yellow ocher, with a warm brown in forecrown; lores, chin and area under the eyes, brown; coverts outpus, dark green, tending to lighter green on cheeks and throat.
Upperparts, dark green with center at wing-coverts and feathers of black color with a black colored margin extrecho; flight feather black with vane Green external; feathers wings green. The underparts are yellowish-green, with fine dark stripes; undertail-coverts yellow and green. Upper, the tail It is iridescent, slightly greenish blue in the Center, Foreign feathers blackish with yellow spot on the ends. Under, the tail dark blue and yellow.
Bill dark grey; irises brown; legs dark gray.
Both sexes similar. Immature like females but with bill pale yellow.
(Rothschild, 1911) – Similar a nominal, but darker.
Micropsitta keiensis chloroxantha
(Oberholser, 1917) – The mature more muted. The underparts with red markings male, dyed yellowish in female.
Habitat:
It inhabits in the forests of lowlands, in secondary growth and, sometimes around inhabited areas and coconut trees. The ecology species is similar to that of the Buff-faced Pygmy-Parrot. The birds are alone, in pairs or in small groups, and they can be distributed by undergrowth to some 20 meters above the ground. They climb on trunks and branches, and they can go down head, in inverted position, sometimes.
Reproduction:
Nest and roost Termites in tree cavities, they excavate the cavity by themselves; tunnel passageways go up and may bend before reaching nest-chamber. up the laying two white eggs deposited in a cavity unlined (dimensions around 20 cm x 15 cm.), and they can be occupied by other adults roost (up to four) during the breeding season. The exact role of these visiting birds is unknown, It is thought that they can help with the tasks of nest. nesting It has been recorded from October to March
Food:
With feed lichen, fungi, seeds, fruits and insects. Most of the lichen is collected directly from the surface of the bark of trees..
Distribution:
Size of its range (breeding/resident): 763.000 km2
Origin: Mexico, Guatemala, Belice, El Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica, Nicaragua
Character: active
Life expectancy: 60 years.
Height: 22 to 26 cm..
Content
Description:
22 to 26 cm.. length.
The White-fronted Parrot(Amazona albifrons) has the forecrown white; lores, upper cheeks and ring of feathers around eyes, red; the crown pale blue mingles with the green nape; the feathers with dark margins; sides neck green with narrow black margins. Mantle, back and scapulars, grass-green, sometimes with olive tint; the mantle with indistinct black tips; rump green, perhaps more emerald colors than the rest of the upperparts.
big blankets and alula, red, other coverts green. The outerweb of the primaries, green, They turn blue at the tips; outerweb of the secondaries, blue; innerwebs of the flight feather, blackish. Under, the wings bluish green. Underparts green with weak blackish edges to feathers on throat and the chest. Upper, the tail It is yellow in the center, outer feathers red at the base, blue in the outerweb. Bill light colored horn, darker at the tip; bare periophthalmic pale grey; irises pale yellow; legs pale grey.
It presents an undistinguished sexual dimorphism. The female It differs from the male in the red face It is limited to the region eye ring and it lacks the red hue in wing coverts. The immature male It looks like female but with red on the primary coverts.
(Miller,W, 1905) – smaller the species nominal. Little differentiated from nominal but the green plumage It is perhaps paler, yellower. Some individuals Coast peaceful show some red on the throat.
Amazona albifrons saltuensis
(Nelson, 1899) – Similar to the nominal but the plumage It is heavily steeped in blue. The blue of the crown It extends to the nape.
Habitat:
This adaptable Amazona uses all kinds of wooded habitats and open field with trees, including seasonally moist semi-evergreen semi-evergreen forest (especially at the edge), pine forests, gallery forest, agricultural land with open woods, savannah and tropical arid scrub with cactus, tending to more frequent open areas in the caribbean side.
Usually they prefer drier forests, but where it is simpátrica with Yellow-lored Parrot(Amazona xantholora), tends to prefer more humid and closed vegetation.
In Yucatan the White-fronted Parrot inhabit coastal coconut plantations while breeding. In altitudes of 900 m (Oaxaca), 1.800 m (Honduras) and 1.500 m (Sonora meridional: register only known outside the tropics).
In pairs during the breeding season but usually gregarious, distributed primarily in small groups, with occasional concentrations of hundreds of birds and some communal roosts (for example, mangroves) with several thousand birds.
The White-fronted Parrot nest in trees, cavities of the palm tree termitarium, sometimes in the cavity dug by some woodpecker. species trees Bursera simaruba and Caesalpinia gaumeri are among the favorites to nest in Yucatan. Breeding January July, depending on the location.
A clutch contains 3-5 eggs. Only the female incubates. The incubation lasts around 24 days.
Size of its range (breeding/resident ): 2.330.000 km2
The White-fronted Parrot They extend Mexico, from the South of Sonora (north to about 28 ° N) along the Sinaloa and West Durango south through the Pacific region to Oaxaca and north through Tehuantepec isthmus the Atlantic coast in southern Veracruz and to the East by Tabasco the entire Yucatan Peninsula, including northern Guatemala and Belice.
They are present in southern Chiapas and in the lowlands of the Guatemalan Pacific and, reportedly, in West El Salvador, extending through the lowlands of peaceful, arid and Caribbean lowlands Honduras to the Pacific Northwest Costa Rica and Nicaragua (where distribution is not detailed).
Mainly seasonal residents but visitors in some parts of the range (for example, Yucatan, El Salvador western and eastern mountains Guatemala).
Introduced in urban areas Cozumel Island, in the State of Quintana Roo (Mexico). Their presence only in urban areas of the island, the ability of the species to live successfully in urban areas, the abundance of fruit trees and use as a pet by the islanders allows us to suggest that registered individuals are the result of leakage or were released by their owners.
Usually common and together with the Orange-fronted Parakeet(Eupsittula canicularis), It is the largest parrot in the Pacific slope of Central America; although obviously scarce in some areas. The deforestation It is possibly promoting increases in population Caribbean slope of Central America. Captured for the pet trade and hunted as food, for example in Yucatan, where recently there has been a population decline due to the persecution of parrots that feed on fruit after loss of wild foods cultivated by Hurricane Gilbert. Its capture It is authorized only during the months of October to February in the states of Warrior, Jalisco, Michoacán, Oaxaca, Sinaloa and Tabasco and from September to January in Veracruz.
Distribution 3 subspecies:
Amazona albifrons albifrons
(Sparrman, 1788) – Nominal. Pacific Coast of Mexico from Nayarit to Oaxaca and South of Chiapas in the lowlands Guatemalan Pacific. Birds in the northern Guatemalan lowlands and the arid interior, they can refer to the subspecies Amazona albifrons nana.
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.
• Population trend: Increasing.
Rationale for the Red List category
• This species has a very large range and therefore it is not close to the thresholds for Vulnerable under the criterion of size range (Extent of occurrence below 20,000 km2 combined with a size decreasing or fluctuating range, extension / habitat quality or population size and a small number of sites or severe fragmentation).
• The trend of population appears to be increasing and, therefore, the species does not approach the thresholds Vulnerable under the criteria of population trend (Wholesale 30% decrease in ten years or three generations).
• The population size is very large and, therefore, not approaching the thresholds for vulnerable under the criterion of population size (less than 10.000 mature individuals with continuing decline estimated a higher percentage of 10% in ten years or three generations or with a specific population structure).
• For these reasons the species is evaluated as the least concern.
Justification of the population
• Partners in Flight estimated that the total population of 500.000-4.999.999 individuals (A. Panjabi in a bit., 2008).
Justification of trend
• The population is suspected to be increasing as habitat degradation is creating new areas of suitable habitat.
The White-fronted Parrot in captivity:
Due to the decline of these birds in the wild, especially in the Mexican populations, the White-fronted Parrot is now, unlike other times, offered for sale only rarely. It also, among birds received by importers, the males generally far outweigh the females so it's hard to find a partner.
According to many observations, the White-fronted Parrot captured still quite shy and unsociable, especially if they were mature when they were trapped. The birds immature, which can be stained by the yellowing of his crown, relatively well sympathize with their caregivers and are easily adapted to a life in a cage or aviary. It is said to have some talent to imitate.
According to sources, the first hatchlings in captivity They were born in 1949 in the United States by I.D. Putman; the second in 1977 on German Federal Republic by H. Müller (Walsrode) and a third set in Switzerland in 1979; Since then several European poultry farmers have reported breeding successes.. The latest report came in 1985 from the bird park Metelen Heide in Muen-sterland (Western Germany). there a clutch five eggs produced four hatchlings in mid-June 1984 after an incubation period of 28 days. The young left the nest after about 70 days, but they were still actively cared for and fed, mainly by the parent, for a few weeks more.
Its price in the European market round 1000 EUR. generally silent the Amazons largest. It can be noisy just before and during the breeding season.
These birds can become aggressive in breeding season and can attack the caregiver. The nest boxes are better positioned to nest inspection can be performed from outside the aviary. The inspection of the nest is best when adult birds are out of the nest, however captive breeding has rarely been achieved between individuals.
Susceptible to intestinal infections during the acclimatization period.
Their life expectancy can overcome the 50 years.
Alternative names:
– White-fronted Parrot, Spectacled Amazon, Spectacled Parrot, White fronted Parrot, White-browed Amazon, White-browed Parrot, White-fronted Amazon (English).
– Amazone à front blanc, Amazone à lunettes (French).
– Weißstirnamazone (German).
– Papagaio-de-testa-branca (Portuguese).
– Amazona de Frente Blanca, Amazona Frentialba, Cotorra Frentiblanca, Lora frentiblanca, Loro Frente Blanca, loro frente-blanca, Loro Frentiblanco, Cotorra Guayabera (español).
– Cabeza de Manta, Loro Manglero, Cocha, Cocho, Cucha (Mexico).
Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
Birdlife
The New Parrot Handbook by Werner Lantermann,Matthew M. Vriends
Photos:
(1) – White-fronted Amazon By David Oliva (originally posted to Flickr as Cotorro 007) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – White-fronted Amazons in Schönbrunn Zoo By spacebirdy(also known as geimfyglið (:> )=| made with Sternenlaus-spirit) (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 or FAL], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – white-fronted amazon (Amazona albifrons) By Christoph Anton Mitterer (Flickr: P8155550) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – White-fronted Amazon Amazona albifrons pair perching in a tree at Guanacaste, Costa Rica By Steve Jurvetson (originally posted to Flickr as love birds) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – White-fronted Amazon, (Amazona albifrons). A pet parrot on a perch. Red feathers on this parrots shoulders indicate that it is a male By ➨ Redvers (Flickr) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – White-fronted Amazons in Schönbrunn Zoo By spacebirdy(also known as geimfyglið (:> )=| made with Sternenlaus-spirit) (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 or FAL], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – A captive White-fronted Amazon in Copán Ruinas, Copán, Honduras By Troy from Charlottesville, USA (Flickr) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(8) – A White-fronted Amazon – upper body by sumba [CC BY 2.0 of], via Wikimedia Commons
(9) – A pet juvenile White-fronted Amazon in Poole, Dorset, England By Kyle Payne from England (Odd Looking Seagull) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(10) – White-fronted Amazon, Amazona albifrons, Remove alone B. Planet Earth – Flickr
Origin: Panama, Brazil, Bolivia, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, Peru
Character: active and smart
Life expectancy: 50 to 60 years.
Height: 35 to 41 cm..
Content
Description
35 to 41 cm.. height and between 380 and 500 g. of weight.
The Yellow-crowned Parrot(Amazona ochrocephala) has the forecrown and front area crown, bright yellow; lores, cheeks and supercilii area, green in most birds, but sometimes with yellow extending over lores and around eyes, and some birds with red bases hidden by yellow feathers crown; sides and back of the neck, nape and the mantle, green with dark margins, giving scalloped effect.
Upperparts green. coverts lower red, other coverts green; edge front of the wing
yellowish; five o'clock outer secondaries They are green with bright red to outerweb forming speculum; flight feather green with blue tips to secondaries and primary outerweb, dark to black in points. Underwing-coverts, dull green with blackish tips. Underparts green with plenty of blue in the chest; yellow feathers on the the thighs (often few and discrete).
Upper, the tail It is green with yellow stripes; below green with wide yellow ends; both with outer feathers basically red and a bluish puckered in outerweb.
Dark gray Bill, reddish at base of upper jaw; iris orange; legs grey.
Both sexes they are similar. The immature It has a narrower yellow patch on the head, stripes orange-red to yellow feathers crown; less red at the base of feathers tail; feathers of the tail more pointed and irises brown.
(Finsch, 1865) – Less yellow in the head that the nominal species, with frontal band green. Cheeks, supercilii area and lores with blue tint. Red curve wing
often mixed with yellow feathers.
(Cabanis, 1874) – Bill horn-colored pink, yellow feathers restricted as V in forecrown and front of the crown. Possibly average smaller than the nominal species.
Amazona ochrocephala xantholaema
(Berlepsch, 1913) – More extensive yellow in the head which extends to the back of the neck, around the eyes, to cheeks and to the ear-coverts. Often with frontal band narrow green. bluish tint in the chest.
They inhabit in open forests, moist forest edges, gallery forests, deciduous forest, open savannas and wetlands in lowland rain forests, also cultivated and suburban areas in some localities, and often near rivers.
The gallery forest It is your preferred Panama where Yellow-crowned Parrot avoid continuous humid forest, being replaced, possibly, there and in many areas of South America, by the Orange-winged Parrot(Amazona amazonica).
Usually observed in the lowlands; reported to 500 metres in Colombia and Venezuela and a 750 metres in Honduras. Usually in pairs or small flocks of 10-30 birds, with occasional gatherings up 300. Birds gather in common trees.
Reproduction:
Son Monogamie, couples joined in for life.
His time of reproduction It is from December to May. During this time, they lay clutches of 2 to 4 eggs, only Por those Nidada Tempordaa. Nest palm trunks and termite mounds.
It takes about 25 days for the eggs to hatch and near 56 days to become fledglings. The young become independent 2 months after hatching. Both male and female Yellow crowned Parrot reach sexual maturity around the 3 years.
Food:
Foods reported in the diet include fruit Immature American Curatella, Pereskia guamacho and other Cactus. Mainly feeds on treetop.
It is considered a plague in some localities for their love of eating bananas (Mussa paradisea), handles and Corn crops.
This species is considered a pest in some areas by his fondness for the consumption of bananas (Mussa paradisea), mangoes and corn crops.
Distribution:
Size of its range (reproduction / resident): 8.010.000 km2
The Yellow-crowned Parrot are in Panama, in Central America and in South America, from south to east Brazil and to the North of Bolivia.
Observed in the eastern foothills of the Andes and adjacent lowlands Colombia; eastward across the tropical zone Venezuela and south, from the coastal mountains through Bolívar (where apparently it is not known from south) and amazon, until Guyanas and Trinidad (where their status is uncertain due to the captive birds introduced).
Present in the basin Amazonas Brazil, to the south, to the Northwest of Mato Grosso and west, in the lowlands of eastern Ecuador and through the Peruvian Amazon, to the North of Bolivia.
Apparently residents throughout its distribution area. very small numbers in Panama, although locally fairly common, especially in those areas more dry; it is the most common parrot (at least once) in the San Blas Islands. generally common (even locally abundant) in South America, but the numbers are reduced in the more accessible areas due to trade.
Distribution 4 subspecies
Amazona ochrocephala nattereri
(Finsch, 1865) – South of Colombia in Caqueta, is of Ecuador, is of Peru, West of Brazil and North of Bolivia. Possibly integrated with nominal species in border areas Goal and Caquetá in Colombia.
Amazona ochrocephala ochrocephala
(Gmelin, 1788) – Nominal. It is from Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Guianas and North of Brazil south to the tributaries of the lower margin right amazon in amazon and For.
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.
• Population trend: Decreasing.
This species is considered at present as minor concern BirdLife International, and, as a result, also by UICN.
Even though the populations it is believed that are in decline, still do not approach the threshold specified by BirdLife International to evaluate the species as Near-threatened.
It is listed in the Appendix II of the CITES.
The Yellow-crowned Parrot in captivity:
Known for his pranks and excellent skills imitate the human voice. Having said that, the ability to mimic will vary between birds and although many of them are excellent conversadoras, Some will never come to talk. These Amazons are generally affectionate. Its friendly and playful nature make them excellent pets.
Son easily domesticable and easy to train. Known to be very active, What makes them more suited to an environment that enables them to fly.
Son known for their voices. It is said that it is the strongest of all Amazon parrots. People who are not tolerant to noise, they will do well to live with this Parrot.
like most parrots, this horsewoman it can be very destructive. We must "personalize their environment" by providing them with objects to chew such as different toys and branches.
Its longevity should also be a consideration. These parrots They can live between 60 and 80 years.
Alternative names:
– Yellow crowned Parrot, Yellow-crowned Amazon, Yellow-headed Amazon, Yellow-headed Parrot (English).
– Amazone à front jaune, Amazone à tête jaune, Amazone verte de Colombie (French).
– Gelbscheitalamazone, Gelbscheitelamazone, Panama Amazone, Surinamamazone (German).
– papagaio-campeiro, ajurú-apara, papagaio-de-Suriname (Portuguese).
– Amazona Real, Cotorra Cabeciamarilla, Lora Cabeciamarilla, Lora coroniamarilla, Lora Real (español).
avibase
Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr Birdlife
Parrot Book, Parrots and macaws Neotropical
Photos:
(1) – A pet Yellow-crowned Amazon in Puerto Maldonado, Peru By Kate from UK (Lola) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – A pet Yellow-crowned Amazon By Freegiampi (From Giuseppe's farm) [CC BY-SA 2.5], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Yellow-crowned Amazon or Yellow-crowned Parrot (Amazona ochrocephala) in captivity By Stephen Joyce from barcelona, Spain (Parrot) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Yellow-crowned Amazon or Yellow-crowned Parrot (Amazona ochrocephala) in captivity in the Parrot’s Garden (Jardim dos Louros), in the Botanical Garden of Funchal, Madeira island, Portugal By jmaximo [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – A Yellow-crowned Amazon in Gatorland, Florida, USA By greyloch from Washington, DC, area, U.S.A. (green parrot preening) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Amazona ochrocephala panamensis, Panama Amazon (also known as the Panama Yellow-headed Amazon); two in captivity By TJ Lin (originally posted to Flickr as DSCN1005) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – A Yellow-headed Amazon (or Parrot) near the Brazil-Peru-Colombia triple junction By Dick Culbert from Gibsons, B.C., Canada (Amazona ochrocephala) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(8) – A Yellow-crowned Amazon at Bloedel Floral Conservatory, Vancouver, Canada By Karen Neoh (Parrot) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(9) – Yellow-crowned Amazon or Yellow-crowned Parrot (Amazona ochrocephala) in a tree in Venezuela By Rufino (originally posted to Flickr as camouflage) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(10) – Amazona ochrocephala From Natural History of Parrots (by Francois Levaillant, 1801-1805) – Wikimedia
The head of the Yellowish-breasted Racquet-tail(Prioniturus flavicans) is bright green, brighter around the lores and the base of the bill.
The front of the crown is green, rest of bright blue with red spot in the center crown. Mantle ocher yellow, well delimited from the blue nape the green of the wings and back; Back and rump green. Wings green, with vane Dark internal to the flight feather and blue to primaries longer. green's Underwing coverts; underside of primaries marked dark blue.
Underparts brighter yellowish green, ocher yellow in the chest. Upper, the outer feathers of the tail green with black and turquoise tips on vane outside of the outer feathers; below, the tail dark colored, bathed in blue at the edges of the vane inner; spatulas blackish.
Bill horn; the dark brown irises; the gray legs.
Female less blue, no red dot on the crown, the underparts and the mantle, greener and rackets (a thin extension of the central tail feathers, almost as hair, It is ending with a more oval-shaped racket) shorter.
Found in the primary forest usually below the 1,000 m. But times may vary up to the 1.900 m. They are also observed in trees in cultivated areas.
Reproduction:
Little is known of their reproductive habits.
Food:
The birds they feed on the ground, among the plants of lowland and Hill forests, flocking often in fruit trees. They feed slowly along with other frugivorous birds..
Distribution:
Size of its range (breeding/resident ): 66.700 km2
Are distributed in the North of Sulawesi, Indonesian and on the Islands around, including Bangka, Lembeh and Togian. The species also, possibly, It is distributed in groups of Islands Sangir and Banggai. Although its population may be declining due to habitat loss and trade in birds, It is not considered threatened and is still, relatively, common on reserve Dumoga-Bone. It overlaps, although it is less common, with the Golden-mantled Racquet-tail.
Conservation:
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Near threatened
• Population trend: Decreasing
The population It has been estimated in the order of 45.000 individuals (Walker and Cahill 2000).
It is suspected that this species has diminished recently at a moderately fast pace, due to the continuing loss of forests.
Conservation Actions Proposed:
– Evaluate the threats to this species. Calculate loss of forests in the lowlands of the North of Sulawesi.
– Investigate the level of dependency of the forest habitats of the species.
– Protect effectively important tracts of forest right in key places, both in strict protection areas and in multiple use areas.
The Yellow-billed Parrot(Amazona collaria) It has a distinctive narrow band on forecrown white; lores and upper cheeks, with pale blue feathers; crown blue with black tips, merging on hindcrown; the sides of neck and nape into green feathers with black tips; feathers on the sides of neck sometimes basally pink; ear-coverts greyish-blue with black tips.
Mantle and back, green apple with black tips (the latter become less pronounced further down); lower back, the rump and uppertail-coverts, brighter yellowish green. big blankets, blue; the rest, green apple. Alula and outerweb of the flight feather, blue; innerwebs, dark gray. Under, the wings green, flight feather, bluish green.
Throat and lower cheeks, Rosaceae, sometimes with green tips; top of the chest to belly, yellowish green apple; undertail-coverts brighter yellowish green. Upper, the tail It is green with yellow and red points on the basis; undertail, paler and olive. Bill yellowish; irises brown; legs Rosaceae.
In the breeding season, the throat pink male it becomes brighter and plumage acquires green metallic tones. Both sexes are similar. Perhaps males average slightly larger. Immature similar to adult.
Sound of the Yellow-billed Parrot.
Habitat:
Video "Yellow-billed Parrot"
The Yellow-billed Parrot inhabit, mainly, in the middle level of humid limestone forests (annual rainfall between 1.900-4.500 mm) with (for example) Terminalia latifolia emerging and Cedrela odorata, most arid forests and upland areas planted with trees, especially the edge of the forest; from sea level up 1.200 metres in Cockpit Country.
Usually in pairs or flocks of up to about 40 individuals; larger gatherings where food is plentiful (for example, a report of 60 birds feeding on orange). They form large communal shelters out of breeding season and sometimes seen in association with the Black-billed Parrot(Amazona agilis) and Olive-throated Parakeet(Eupsittula nana). They forage closer to roosts as the day progresses.
Reproduction:
They nest in tree cavities, at higher altitudes the 15 m, frequently Brosimum, with enlarged holes in successive years. Often used initially cavity excavated by the Jamaican Crow(Corvus jamaicensis). Nesting also observed in rock cracks. Courtship registered in January laying of eggs, between 4-5, in March-May.
Food:
Foods reported include catkins of Cecropia, Anacardium occidentaledried fruits, fruits of Pimenta dioica and figs, and seeds of Melia azedarack; feeding birds took only orange seeds, squandering the fleshy part. They forage in middle and high levels.
Distribution and status:
Size of its range (breeding/resident): 7.200 km2
The Yellow-billed Parrot It is endemic to Jamaica, this species remains widespread, more than the other species of Jamaican Amazona, the Black-billed Parrot(Amazona agilis), although extensive surveys have not yet been carried out throughout the entire island. They are observed flocks of 50 to 60 individuals throughout the year, particularly in the non-breeding season, moving from inside the forest to the edge habitat to feed.
Recent studies indicate that Amazona collaria it is less abundant than Amazona agilis, possibly as a result of Amazona collaria It is a more colorful and preferred species in trade. while the Amazona agilis It is currently nested in all Cockpit Country, including plantation disturbed along the edges areas, the Amazona collaria now nests almost exclusively in relatively remote hinterlands.
Local reports suggest a significant overall decrease in collaria Amazona in Cockpit Country and a greater degree of threat to other species, the Amazona agilis.
Difficult to distinguish from Amazona agilis distance and possible misidentification, They may have affected the validity of some previous reports on their abundance and distribution.
Conservation:
State of conservation ⓘ
Vulnerable ⓘ(UICN)ⓘ
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Vulnerable.
• Population trend: decreasing.
• Population size : 6000-15000
Rationale for the Red List category
This species is classified as Vulnerable because it has a small and fragmented range, with suitable habitat decline in extent, area and quality, mainly due to speak and forest clearing for bauxite mining. Numbers are also declining due to trampeo.
Justification of the population
The population size is preliminarily estimated to fall in the band between 10.000 and 19.999 individuals. This is equivalent to 6,667-13,333 mature individuals, rounded here to 6,000-15,000 mature individuals.
Justification of trend
No new data on population trends; However, It suspected that the species is declining at a slow pace, as a result of the loss and degradation of habitat and capture.
Conservation Actions Underway
• CITES Appendix II.
• protected under the Act Wildlife Protection Jamaica and Endangered Species Act of 2000, which together prohibit keeping the species as a domestic animal and local and international trade.
• It has been declared as threatened in Jamaica from 1986 (Juniper and Parr 1998).
• Since 1995 He has worked to delineate its distribution, estimate the size of the population, identify factors limiting reproductive performance and train local people in research methods and techniques for long-term monitoring (BirdLife Jamaica Parrot Project in little 1998, 2000).
• Habitat in the mountains Blue and John Crow It has been declared National Park, but the implementation and management are weak (BirdLife Jamaica Parrot Project in little 1998, 2000).
• There is a campaign public awareness high profile to prevent bauxite mining in Cockpit Country, by declaring the area closed to mining by the Minister's Discretion (S. Koenig in some. 2007).
• Discussions have started that, we wait, will lead to ban the importation of psittacine to Jamaica (S. Koenig in a bit., 2007).
• Exist captive breeding populations.
Conservation Actions Proposed
• Survey for delineate the range and evaluate the numbers (BirdLife Jamaica Parrot Project in little 1998, 2000).
• Design and implement Educational programs in the occupied area of ​​the species (BirdLife Jamaica Parrot Project in little. , 1998, 2000) and develop captive breeding populations.
• Apply legal protection.
• Prohibit the importation of non-native parrots.
The Yellow-billed Parrot in captivity:
CITES Appendix II. protected under the Law on Protection of Wildlife Act Jamaica and Endangered Species 2000, which together prohibit keeping this species as a domestic animal, as well as local and international trade.
Exist captive breeding populations.
any trade should be avoided with this rare Amazona.
Each captive specimen of this species which is capable of reproducing, It is placed in a well managed captive breeding program and not be sold as a pet, in order to ensure its long-term survival.
Avibase
Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr Birdlife
Photos:
(1) – Yellow-billed Amazon in the St. Andrew, Jamaica By Amazona_collaria_-St.Andrew-Jamaica-8a.jpg: Wayne Sutherland from Kingston, Jamaicaderivative work: Snowmanradio [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Amazona_collaria at Vienna Zoo, Schonbrunn Palace, Vienna, Austria By Alois Staudacher (Jamaica Amazone) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Yellow-billed Amazons in the Kingston, St. Andrew, Jamaica By Wayne Sutherland from Kingston, Jamaica (Pair of Yellow Billed Parrots) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Yellow-billed Amazon (Amazona collaria) in Cockpit Country by Ron Knight – Flickr
(5) – Yellow-billed amazon parrot (Amazona collaria), Jamaica By Charlesjsharp (Own work, from Sharp Photography) [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Parrots in captivity by Biodiversity Heritage Library – Flickr
55 to 65 cm.. length and a weight of up to 900 g..
The Yellow-tailed black cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus funereus) stands out clearly by its plumage mostly black, patch yellow in cheek and yellow panels in tail.
The body feathers They are lined with yellow giving it a scalloped appearance. It has a crest short and moving on top of her head.
The female It has a yellow stain on the cheek more defined and larger than the male, Bello to singr pale gray (Pink in males)
The juveniles has plumage duller overall.
The bill top of immature male black obscures two years old, While the lower peak black four years.
(Gould, 1838) – Smaller size, tail shorter dark mottled.
Habitat:
Variety of types habitats, including forests of eucalyptus, heaths, subalpine areas, pine plantations and occasionally in urban areas.
They are often seen flying in pairs or trios formed by a pair and their young., although outside the breeding season they can join in more numerous flocks.
Reproduction:
have a long breeding season, that varies throughout its range, although Tasmania in general it is from October to February. Both sexes construct the nest in holes of mature trees, high, generally eucalyptus. Fill the hole of wood chips. The same tree can be used for many years.
One or two eggs form a clutch. Only the female incubates the eggs, While the male supplies the food. Both parents help rear the chicks, Although usually only one chick survives. The chicks leave the nest about three months after hatching and remain in the company of their parents until the next breeding season.
Food:
Seeds native trees, terrestrial plants and pine cones. Some insects also part of their diet. Unlike other cockatoos, a significant proportion of the diet up wood borers worms. The bird put his ear against the surface of dead trees to hear the sound of worms. If a worm is detected, the bird will use their powerful beaks to pull pieces of the tree until you get to the meal, often leaving a pile of wood chips at the base of the tree. These scars on dead trees are a common sight in the forests of Tasmania.
Distribution:
Size of its range (breeding/resident ): 2.700.000 km2
It is up to the 2000 meters throughout Southeast Australia, from South Eyre Peninsula to the east-central Queensland.
Your number is declining in parts of its range due to habitat fragmentation and loss of large trees used for breeding.
In Tasmania is common and nomadic. They can be seen in many parts of the state and in the larger islands Bass Strait.
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.
• Population trend: Stable.
This species has a very large range, and therefore not approaching the threshold of vulnerable. Not threatened worldwide. CITES II. As with most other cockatoos, its long-term existence depends on the continued availability of hollow trees for nesting,
The population is estimated at at least 25.000 birds.
The population trend appears to be stable.
"Yellow-tailed black cockatoo" in captivity:
In the poultry industry this species is extremely rare and expensive. In Australia It has attained breed in captivity.
Like all cockatoos, they come to live over 40 years.
Alternative names:
– Yellow-tailed Black-Cockatoo, Black Cockatoo, Common Black-Cockatoo, Funeral Cockatoo (English).
– Cacatoès funèbre, Cacatoès noir à queue jaune (French).
– Gelbohrkakadu, Gelbschwanz-Rußkakadu, Rußkakadu (German).
– Cacatua-negra-de-cauda-amarela (Portuguese).
– Cacatúa Fúnebre Coliamarilla, Cacatúa Fúnebre de Cola Amarilla (español).
25 to 26 cm. length and a weight between 52 and 80 g..
The Western Rosella(Platycercus icterotis) is the smallest of the Platycercus and the only one with big cheeks Yellow.
Adults have a clear dimorphism. The adult male has head and underparts bright red. The the mantle feathers, the back and scapulars They are black with large green edges forming a scalloped effect. The green edges sometimes infiltrated with red. The inner coverts They are dull green, While the external are dark blue. In the Middle, you can see some black on median. The primaries son negruzcas. The rump is dark green. The central tail feathers are dark green, the exteriors are blue with white tips. The underparts It has no stripe.
The bill grey; irises dark brown; legs greyish brown.
The adult female has the forecrown dark red. The crown and the sides of the neck are green. The cheeks are yellow, but duller and less developed than in the male. The underparts They are green with red infiltrations. The under wing
wearing a light streak.
The immature are similar to the females. They have head green with a strip of orange red on the front of the forecrown. The cheeks Yellow absent. The underparts is pale green with slight red orange infiltration in young men.
The adult plumage It is reached after a quick complete change to 14 months.
(Salvadori 1891) – The cheeks They are paler; black feathers nape; back and shoulders lined with large red brown. Area of the rump and uppertail-coverts, Olive Drab. Female much paler than the nominal.
Habitat and habits:
The Western Rosella they are not very common. Found in variable densities in stands of eucalyptus and in many types of open forest habitats. They also attend camps with little trees, partly cleared agricultural fields and residual trees lining grain fields or roadsides. They tend to visit the gardens and freshly harvested fields. They occasionally enter the parks, gardens and golf courses.
In areas close to the coast, the Western Rosella, without a doubt, have benefited from the transformation of dense forests into agricultural land. On the other hand, they were driven from the hinterlands by large-scale deforestation programs.
The Western Rosella they suffer the aggressive competition Australian Ringneck (Platycercus zonarius) that shares the same habitat type.
They are birds sedentary. Usually, they live in pairs or in small groups, and it is very rare to find them in flocks. Son quiet and discrete, so very often go unnoticed when they feed in Earth or when they seek refuge in the trees.
Around the houses, the Western Rosella they are very confident, coming into barns and corrals to feed on grain. Unlike other parrots, have a stable flight composed of multiple hits. Move over short distances, preferring to fly from one tree to another, instead of crossing open spaces.
Reproduction:
The nesting season running from August to December.
The nest It is found in the hole of a branch or in the cavity of a tree trunk.. The couple often choose a eucalyptus wandoo the genus eucalyptus salmonophloia. The cavity must be deep enough and the bottom must be lined with a layer of sawdust..
Before mating, the male courts to your partner. It leans forward on its perch uttering very specific cries.. If the female agrees, responds in the same way.
The laying, generally, comprises of 3 to 7 eggs which are incubated during 19 days. The female is responsible for one incubation, but she pauses in the morning and in the afternoon to be resupplied by the male.
The Young people are altricial and do not fly away before reaching the age of 5 weeks.
Food:
They mainly eat seeds of grasses and other plants found in stubble fields.. They also feed on fruits, berries, Jarrah flowers (Eucalyptus marginata) and seeds of the Zamia Palm.
Often in orchards where cause some damage.
Distribution:
Size of its range (reproduction / resident): 308.000 km2
Endemic to Western Australia, where its population is distributed between the vicinity of Dongara, in the North and Israelite Bay, on the South Coast, and reaching the interior in a line that goes more or less through the Lake Dundas, Southern Cross and Moora. Sometimes found in parks in Perth.
The species is common and seems to have benefited from forest clearing and agriculture.. The world's population is of more than 100,000 specimens. A small number of captivity. The birds can be pursued under a permit.
Distribution 2 subspecies
Platycercus icterotis icterotis
(Temminck & Kuhl 1820) – The nominal. Coast and Southwest podrebere Australia.
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern
• Population Trend: Decreasing
The species is relatively common, like most birds that live in open areas, the Western Rosella It has benefited, to some extent, the slimming of the wooded areas. But, its numbers have declined in areas where it faces competition from the aggressive Australian Ringneck. It also, the difficulty to find holes for the construction of nests is a concern in the long run.
The Western Rosella is one protected species, However in some counties, a period was opened to try to regulate or stop the damage caused by this bird in crops.
"Western Rosella" in captivity:
Pretty common in captivity.
Una muestra vivió 13,2 years in captivity. Taking into account the longevity of the similar species, the maximum longevity in these birds could be underestimated. In fact it has been reported that these birds can live up to 31,6 years in captivity, data that can be, but it has not been verified; the same study reported that these animals can reproduce, approximately, to the 2 years of age in captivity.
Alternative names:
– Western Rosella, Earl of Derby’s Parrot, Stanley Parakeet, Stanley Rosella, West Australian Rosella, Yellow-cheeked Parakeet, Yellow-cheeked Parrot, Yellow-cheeked Rosella (ingles).
– Perruche à oreilles jaunes, Perruche de Stanley (French).
– Gelbwangenrosella (German).
– Rosela-do-leste (Portuguese).
– Perico Carigualdo, Rosela Oriental (español).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– AnAge: The Animal Ageing and Longevity Database – Anagé entry for Platycercus icterotis
– Birdlife
Near Threatened ⓘ (UICN)ⓘ
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