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Maltese
Italia FCI 65 . Bichons

The Maltese is very sensitive, and you prefer a home that is stable.

Bichón Maltés

Content

Characteristics "Maltese"

Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "Maltese" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

Adaptation ⓘ

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friendly dog ​​ⓘ

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hair loss ⓘ

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Affection level ⓘ

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Need for exercise ⓘ

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Social need ⓘ

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Home ⓘ

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Toilet ⓘ

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Friendly with strangers ⓘ

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barking ⓘ

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Health ⓘ

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Territorial ⓘ

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Cat friendly ⓘ

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Intelligence ⓘ

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Versatility ⓘ

3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Child friendly ⓘ

1,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Surveillance ⓘ

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joy ⓘ

4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

History

The Maltese It is a canine breed that has existed since ancient times and was already widespread in Mediterranean cultures.. But, contrary to what its name might suggest, its exact origin remains uncertain, but it seems to come from one of the countries of the Mediterranean basin. Along its history, it has been given many names, as Melitae Dog, Ye Ancient Dogge of Malta or Maltese Lion Dog. But, Today it is mainly known as Maltese or Maltese dog.

Archaeological finds tend to confirm that the Maltese it even existed in ancient egypt. In fact, in a tomb dating from the reign of Ramses II (1304 a.C. to 1214 a.C.) a statuette was found representing a dog that looks like him in everything. So, we can assume that the Egyptians considered it a sacred animal.

Maybe because, like Europeans later, they thought it was capable of curing diseases, or at least they discovered that he was able to calm the sick by snuggling up next to them.

They weren't the only ones who honored him, since the Greeks also built graves for their deceased dogs. The dog was also found in ancient Greece, to the point that the famous philosopher Aristotle (384 a.C. – 322 a.C.) mentioned it in his zoological work History of animals. He mentioned a breed of small dog that he called in Latin canes melitenses, What does "Maltese dog" mean?.

Before the beginning of the Christian era, Maltese was also very popular with the Romans. Many noblewomen owned one and never went out without it.. They wore it on the bodice or sleeve, as a jewel or an accessory. This trend continued well beyond ancient Rome.

In the 1st century, Roman Emperor Claudius (10 a.C. – 54 d.C.) he was probably the most famous Maltese owner. Regarding St. Publius (33 d.C. – 112 d.C.), Roman governor of Malta who owned a Maltese named Issa, asked the poet Marcial to write a eulogy for his dog, what he did in his Epigrams collection.

The Maltese came to the British Isles during the reign of Henry VIII (1491-1547), and there he also became very popular among the upper classes, especially among women, who used him as a companion and lap dog. It was appreciated for its beauty, while its small size allowed them to easily carry it on their blouses. It was especially adopted by Queen Elizabeth I (1533-1603).

Although it survived many wars and conflicts over the years, the breed was about to disappear around the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, after unfortunate attempts to miniaturize it to the maximum. To save her it was necessary to cross with the Poodle, Small Spaniels and Asian Miniature Dogs.

Despite its success and presence in many countries, the breed was not introduced to North America until the 19th century. However, one of its representatives (white) was present at the first dog show in the history of the United States, the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show, which was held for the first time in 1877. There it was shown with the name of Maltese Lion Dog.

The breed was soon recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC), already in 1888. But, was not up 1948, 60 years later, when the other most important canine organization in the country, el United Kennel Club (UKC), he did the same. But, American organizations were more active than the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI), who waited until 1955 to recognize the Maltese.

Physical characteristics

They weigh between 1,8 and 4 kg. Being the maximum weight in adulthood of 3 kg in females and 4 kg in males. Its height is of 20 to 25,5 cm., and they have a compact body.

The Maltese it is a small dog with a noble and elegant appearance, and a fluid and graceful walk.

Your body is well proportioned, his chest is quite deep and his ribs are well sprung.

Like other Spitz breeds, its tail curves between the hips until it touches the rump. Carries high and can be curved sideways.

The head is proportional to the size of the body. The skull is slightly rounded and quite wide between the ears. The ears are set low and triangular in shape. The eyes are round and dark brown, with a soft but alert look. The eyelids conform to the eyeball and are pigmented black. The muzzle is fine, average length, and ends in a black nose.

The coat of the Maltese It is thick, shiny and silky. No undercoat, but a layer of long straight hair all over the body, no waves or curls. On the sides, hangs to the ground, which almost gives the impression that the dog is floating.

The fur is white, but a shade of ivory and lemon strokes are allowed. Until the end of the 19th century, it was even possible to use other coat colors. But, at that time, all colors other than solid white were deprecated, so breeders focused solely on individuals with white fur.

As they have no undercoat and shed relatively little, Maltese are often considered a hypoallergenic breed. Although none of them are hypoallergenic, they are usually well tolerated by people allergic to dogs. However, This does not exempt any potential adopter who suffers from this allergy from carrying out a test in real conditions before taking the step..

Last, sexual dimorphism is not very pronounced in this breed: males and females are about the same size.

Some breeders offer the Maltese miniature, whose weight is around 2 kg, or even less. These dogs not only don't conform to the breed standard, Rather, this extreme miniaturization is often accompanied by genetic problems and, in general, health risks. So, you better stay away from them.

In comparison to the Yorkshire Terrier or the Chihuahua, the Maltese you are not as likely to have fingernails or other diseases that can shorten your life.

Popularity

Still today, the Maltese it is still very popular and is present all over the world.

In United States, is around the post 30 (out of a total of 195) in the breed ranking established by the American Kennel Club (AKC) according to the number of births registered each year in the organization. But, this marks a steady decline from, at least, early 21st century, when I was about the twentieth position.

At the same time, on the other hand, has greatly increased its popularity in the UK: while in the middle of the decade of 2000 there were some 400-500 Annual Kennel Club Enrollments, This figure is around the 1100, and has been fairly stable since 2012.

The situation is different in France, since the number of annual entries in the French Origin Book (LOF) almost never stopped increasing for at least half a century. He was in his early twenties 70, a quarantine at the end of this decade, and then multiplied by ten during the 80, until exceeding 400. The trend continued over the years 90, until it stabilized around the 600 at the end of the decade and, Therefore, at the beginning of the 21st century. This trend continued until the decade of 2010, characterized by an increase in 50%, ending with more than 900 births per year.

In Switzerland, it is the 13th most popular breed in the country. There are more than 7000 people registered in the Swiss Amicus database.

Did you know??

The sweet little one Maltese dog is the favorite of celebrities, including Halle Berry, Heather Locklear y Eva Longoria. Could it be because they are so adorable in photographs? We think so.

Character and skills

"Maltese"

Kind, loving and affectionate with their masters, the Maltese he is also very attentive to his emotions, and is able to comfort them in difficult times. He is very active and maintains a youthful spirit all his life..

Your attachment to family is so strong that it can be problematic if you are alone too often or for too long. In fact, does not tolerate loneliness well and, therefore, you are likely to suffer from separation anxiety in such circumstances, what can drive, for example, destructive behavior or incessant barking. So, not suitable for a teacher who spends most of his days away from home.

Have him share his home with another dog or with a representative of another species (cat, rodent, bird…) it is a good way to help you better cope with the absences of your masters. But, this is only possible if you have grown up together or if you are used to living with other animals since childhood. In fact, in the event that another animal comes one day to your family, they are likely to be jealous and do not appreciate having to share their master's attention with another animal. In any case, given its small size, it is not advisable to make him live with a large congener, since it could inadvertently hurt you, for example just playing with him.

Its small size and fragile bone structure also explain why it is not recommended to live with young children.. In fact, the latter are quick to have too abrupt gestures towards him, especially during playtime, and could inadvertently hurt you. It also, even if it's not like that, may become scared and overwhelmed when faced with young children who are moving around a lot and making noise, which could cause inappropriate reactions on your part. In any case, a small child should never be left alone with a dog without adult supervision, regardless of race.

Not content with being around family members, the Maltese he's kind to strangers too, as long as I see there is nothing to fear from them. But, this does not prevent you from barking when you perceive a threat or a stranger approaching your home, which makes him a very good alert dog.

The Maltese's need for exercise is very moderate, making it a good breed for older people. Half an hour of activity a day is more than enough, for example, two or three short walks a day and / or small play sessions. But, he also likes dog sports like agility, obedience and rally, but its resistance is limited. In any case, he is always delighted to discover new things and learn new tricks.

As soon as you exercise enough, is quiet, able to adapt to any living space, and is delighted to spend long periods of time with his master, receiving pampering. It is therefore a breed of dog adapted to apartment living., who can be happy both in the city and in the country, in a big house with a garden. But, not made to spend most of the time outside. This is especially true in winter, since its lack of undercoat makes it sensitive to cold. But also the rest of the year, because its small size can make it prey for potential predators (birds Raptors, foxes…), plus the risk of it being stolen by malicious people. In any case, it is not about relegating it abroad, away from his family: accustomed for centuries to living in the heart of homes and loving to be the center of attention, you need to live and interact with your family to be happy and balanced.

Observations

Unlike other dogs the Maltese need little physical activity, What are good candidates for older people. Hunting mice, and they keep them away from the House.

Taking them for a walk would also serve to make them sociable since they do not require much exercise, adults should keep the weight and the best way to do this is by controlling what you eat and taking them for a walk. We must pay attention to the hair, and the help of a dog hairdresser may be required from time to time. You must be careful with approaching other dogs that are very nervous and are uncontrollable.

They can make stunts, How to keep standing on their hind legs for several minutes. Although perfectly adapted to living in apartments for its small size and domestic, love to walk in the open air. To be a difficult race, about all when they are puppies, they require many care. It is recommended to feed with feed, and though loves food human should never be given chocolate, It is highly deadly to this race.

Education

Like any dog, the socialization of Maltese must start at a very young age, period during which it is more malleable and adaptable. It is advisable to make you know as many different individuals and animals as possible, as well as exposing him to all kinds of situations and environments. This is essential for it to be an animal with a good head and serenity in all circumstances..

At the same time, given the very strong level of attachment to their humans that characterizes this breed, teaching the puppy to endure loneliness is part of the priorities of their education, to avoid that the absences of their masters suppose a later problem.

The Maltese he is smart and likes to please his owners. But, sometimes he is stubborn, which can complicate the learning sessions a bit. Ideally, opt for the positive reinforcement training method, since they are not receptive to reprimands and respond much better to stimuli and treats. But, it is important not to abuse the treats or discount them from your dog's daily intake to avoid weight gain.

In any case, you can't miss inappropriate behavior (grunts, barking, aggressiveness, refusal to obey…) when he is young, with the argument that it is small, beautiful and harmless. This would be the best way to make him develop "small dog syndrome", that is to say, get used to doing what you want in any circumstance, and become dominant, aggressive and difficult to live with. So, its owner must be firm from the start and make sure to establish - and enforce- clear rules, long-term constant and applied uniformly by all household members.

Health

The Maltese they are generally robust and healthy dogs.

But, due in particular to the absence of an undercoat, it is particularly sensitive to cold and humidity. When temperatures are cold, should be covered with adog coat.In any case, you are not meant to live in an area where the weather is cold for much of the year.

It also, of course, not completely free from health problems, many of which are common to other small breeds.The conditions to which you are predisposed are:

  • The Hip Dysplasia, joint malformation whose appearance can be enhanced by a hereditary predisposition, produces pain and lameness in the hips and causes the appearance ofosteoarthritiswhen the animal gets old;
  • The dislocation of the patella (or dislocation of the patella), common in dogs. It occurs when the kneecap moves in or out of the knee and can cause pain or lameness of varying degrees of severity. In the most severe cases, an operation is necessary;
  • The tracheal collapse, a respiratory disease that mainly affectssmall dogsand corresponds to a reduction in the diameter of the trachea. The most common sign is a dry and chronic cough, but it can also cause great shortness of breath. If necessary, it may be necessary to place a prosthesis;
  • The cryptorchidism, often a hereditary defect that prevents the animal's testicles from descending into the scrotum. The only solution then is to remove them surgically to avoid further complications, which leads to the sterilization of the animal;
  • Congenital portosystemic derivation, a vascular abnormality that can cause growth retardation, weight loss or even neurological problems and / or digestive.In some people, the symptoms are subtle, which makes the diagnosis of the disease later. This pathology, whose cause may be hereditary, can be cured by surgical intervention;
  • Hydrocephalus, a disease of nervous system in dogs.Symptoms vary from individual to individual (bulging head, growth retardation, nervous disorders, etc.), but the vital prognosis is never very good;
  • shaking dog syndrome, a disease that mainly affects small dogs in white coats. It consists of inflammation of the cerebellum and causes attacks of involuntary tremors throughout the body and lack of coordination. The symptoms usually begin to appear between the 9 months and 2 years and can be reduced, or even disappear, with drug treatment;
  • Hypoglycemia, which mainly affects diabetics and corresponds to a significant decrease in blood glucose level. The symptoms of the problem are loss of appetite, lethargic state, tremors and unsteady gait, in the most severe cases, can lead to coma and then death of the animal, if you are not given sugar one way or another;
  • The Cushing's disease, a hormonal disease whose most common clinical signs include increased appetite, thirst and amount of urine produced, muscle atrophy or the appearance ofalopecia;
  • The gradual retention atrophy, an incurable inherited disease that consistently affects both eyes at the same time, causing retinal degeneration and progressive loss of vision, at night and then day;
  • The glaucoma, an eye disease that can be inherited and causes degeneration of the optic nerve and retina due to abnormally high pressure in the eye. This painful pathology for the animal rapidly evolves into total or partial loss of sight, unless it is attended urgently;
  • The waterfall, It mainly affects the elderly and is a clouding of the lens Causes vision disturbances, up to total loss of sight if uncontrolled, only an operation can allow the animal to regain good vision;
  • The otitis, frequent inflammation indogs with floppy ears.

It also, the Maltese is easily susceptible to obesity, that can cause or aggravate many existing pathologies, and therefore have a very negative impact on your health. This is all the more true as it constitutes a vicious circle., because an overweight dog becomes less active and, Therefore, being overweight tends to increase.

Finally, even if it is not strictly speaking a disease, is also subject to reverse sneezing (or reverse sneezing).This is manifested by short-lived seizures during which you make loud noises when you inhale that may give the impression that you are choking. Seizures are usually rare and harmless., if they repeat too often, a veterinarian should be consulted to confirm that it is not another condition.

Although the list of diseases the breed is predisposed to can be terrifying, It must be taken into account that its prevalence is low and that most people lead perfectly healthy lives. This is also confirmed by a study carried out in 2004 by the Kennel Club and the British Association of Small Animal Veterinarians, as old age was found to be the leading cause of death in this breed, on a par with cancer. Cardiac causes rank third and together account for more than half of the observed deaths.

The number of diseases to which the breed is predisposed that are or may be hereditary, choosing acreator of Malteseshould not be left to chance: directly influences the probability of obtaining a healthy animal and that it continues to be so., in addition to ensuring thepuppy socialization from its first weeks, A serious breeder refrains from reproducing an individual capable of transmitting a hereditary affection to all or part of his offspring., must be able to present the results of DNA tests performed to parents (and possibly the young) and that they demonstrate that they are free from hereditary defects., it is better not to take unnecessary risks and turn to another breeder., You must also provide a certificate of good health established by a veterinarian as well as details of the vaccinations received, recorded in the puppy's health or vaccination registry.

Later, it is strongly recommended not to make him make prolonged or excessively intense physical efforts during his growth, period when your bones and joints are still very fragile. You would risk injury or malformations, potentially with lifelong consequences. This is even more important because you are predisposed to various joint problems:dislocation of the patella,Hip Dysplasia,etc.

Finally, like any dog, should be taken at least once a year to the vet for a complete checkup, that sometimes you can detect a problem that is still embryonic and treat it as best as possible.It is also an opportunity to perform the necessary booster injections.. At the same time, to prevent the risk of parasites and the multiple diseases that accompany them, your teacher should make sure to renew your deworming treatments throughout the year, whenever necessary.

Life expectancy

15 years

Grooming

The coat of the Maltese requires a lot of daily care. In fact, to avoid knots and keep it clean and shiny, it is advisable to brush it every day with a special brush or glove and use a detangling and revitalizing spray. But, the absence of undercoat means that it is not subject to seasonal shedding and that it loses very little.

The length of her hair makes dirt build up easily, so it tends to quickly give off bad odors. To remedy it, it is necessary to wash it on average once a month. But, you must not go any further: excessive frequency could harm the balance of your skin, by eliminating the sebum that it produces naturally and that protects it from skin problems. It also, systematically use a shampoo specially designed for dogs, also with the risk of damaging your skin, and avoid wetting the inside of your ears, as they are especially prone to ear infections and other infections.

It is also recommended not to let the hair air dry, but clean it directly with a towel after bathing, so that its coat is beautiful once dry.

It also, to avoid being embarrassed by the length of your hair at eye level, it may be a good idea to tie it at the top of the head with a small elastic band or a hair clip.

So that daily detangling is less heavy, It may also be a good idea to take your dog to a professional groomer every one to two months for a short haircut., or do it yourself, for the most skilled. Helps keep the coat neat, prevents dirt from accumulating on the hair and prevents bad odors, common when the coat is long.

It also, hair between the pads and around the ears and eyes should be trimmed once a month to reduce the risk of infection caused by any small plants or spikes that may be stuck in the fur.

You also have to pay special attention to their droopy ears., since this morphological characteristic increases the risk of infections at this level (otitis, etc.). So, they must be inspected and cleaned once a week, and get into the habit every time they get wet or moisture builds up on them.

The weekly maintenance of your ears is also an opportunity to check that there are no tear stains at the corner of your eyes., due to a blocked tear ducts, a very common problem in Maltese. Then, just clean them with a special lotion or with a cotton pad soaked in physiological serum, and then gently wipe them with a cloth. In case of constant and / or continuous discharge, a veterinarian should be consulted.

Looking at your teeth, they must be cleaned with a dog toothpaste at least once a week, using a toothbrush or finger bowl. This routine is important to prevent tartar buildup and the problems it can cause: bad breath, diseases, etc. The ideal for optimal oral health is even to do it several times a week, or even every day.

Utility

The Maltese It is one of the oldest companion dog breeds in the world., fulfilling this function since ancient times. Her beautiful fur, its small size, his friendly temperament and the fact that he is a very calm breed of dog made him a very popular companion for women of high society, as well as many historical figures, both in antiquity and in Renaissance Europe and subsequent centuries. He even had a reputation for healing the sick., or at least alleviate them. In other words, the important place he occupied in his master's life was not new.

In fact, things haven't changed much nowadays, since they are mainly used as companion dogs. But, needs their owners to be present enough by their side on a daily basis, in addition to having time to dedicate to its maintenance.

They are often recommended for people with allergies to dogs, since their lack of undercoat and their moderate shedding make them a fairly hypoallergenic companion. But, keep in mind that no race is 100% hypoallergenic, since all dogs produce dandruff, and there may be quite noticeable differences between individuals, even within the same litter. So, Anyone who suffers from this type of allergy and wishes to adopt a Maltese must first spend a few hours with the proposed animal, to make sure no allergic reaction occurs.

It also, its small size, its shiny white fur, his elegance and graceful gait make the Maltese a must-have in beauty pageants, where he wins prizes very often. But, if you want to expose your dog to a dog show, you better have plenty of time for grooming sessions, since the maintenance of the Maltese coat for this type of event can be time consuming.

Perhaps a more enjoyable way to spend time with him is to train him in various dog sports. In fact, his desire to please his master and his liveliness make him a good competitor in agility competitions, obedience, rally and crawl.

Last, your kindness and kindness, as well as his cheerful and attentive character, make it sometimes used as a therapy dog, since his temperament facilitates contact with the sick.

Price

The price of a puppy Maltese varies between the 650 and 2500 EUR, being the average of about 1600 EUR, without great differences between males and females. Whether in Europe, It is not very difficult to find a Maltese breeder, because they are numerous.

In United States, the offer is wide and the price is similar. You just have to make sure you respect the regulations regarding the importation of a dog from abroad, and keep in mind that transportation costs and administrative fees are added to the purchase price.

Whatever the place, the price difference from one individual to another is explained, in particular, by the greater or lesser conformity of each with the breed standard. The kennel's prestige also comes into play, as well as the lineage from which they descend.

«Maltese» images

Videos «Maltese Bichon»

Type and recognitions:

  • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
  • Group :
  • Section : . .

Federations:

  • FCI – Group 9 Section 1
  • AKC – Toy Group , ANKC
  • ANKC Group 1 (Toys)
  • CKC – Group 5 – Toys
  • ​KC – Toy
  • NZKC – Toy
  • UKC – Company

FCI breed standard "Maltese"

Origin:
Italy

Date of publication of the valid original standard:
27.11.1989

Use:

Companion dog.



General appearance:

Small in size and elongated trunk. It is covered with very long white hair. He is very elegant and his head posture is haughty and distinguished..

important proportions:

The length of the trunk exceeds by 38% the height at the withers. The length of the head is equal to 6/11 the height at the withers.



Behavior / temperament:

Alert, affectionate, very docile and very intelligent.

Head:

Its length is equal to 6/11 the height at the withers. It is very wide and its width barely exceeds half of its length..

Cranial region:
  • Skull: Its length is slightly longer than that of the snout; the bizygomatic width is equal to its length, and consequently greater than half the length of the head. Seen from above it is slightly ovoid in shape; the top of the skull is flat, with a very little marked occipital process. The protuberances of the frontal bones and eyebrows are well developed. The frontal sulcus is not visible, since it is little marked. The lateral faces are slightly convex.
  • Depression links (Stop) : Very marked, forming an angle of 90°.

facial region:

Truffle: It is located in the extension of the nasal cannula and, profile view, its front face is vertical. It is voluminous, with nostrils wide open; It is rounded in shape and its color is strictly black.

  • Snout: Its length is equal to 4/11 of head length; is therefore slightly less than half. Sub-orbital regions are well delineated. Its height is less than the length by a little more 20%. Side faces are parallel, but the snout, seen from the front, It shouldn't look square., since the anterior face is linked to the lateral faces in a series of curves. The nasal cannula is rectilinear, with well-marked grooves in its central part.
  • Lips: Seen from the front, the upper lip forms a very open arch where it joins. It is not very high, and so the commissure is not visible. The upper lip adapts perfectly to the lower lip, such that the lower profile of the snout is defined by the jaw. The edges of the lips are strictly black.
  • Jaws: Normally developed and thin in appearance; They are perfectly adjusted. The jaw, whose branches are rectilinear, It's not even prominent, nor elusive in the previous part.
  • Teeth: The arches are perfectly adjusted and the incisors have a scissor joint.. The teeth are white; the teeth are well developed and complete.
  • Eyes: Open, alert expression, larger than normal; the eyelid aperture resembles a circle. The eyelids are tightly attached to the eyeball, which is not sunken but rather protruding. The eyes are located on the same almost frontal plane, They are dark ocher in color and the edges of the eyelids are black. Seen from the front, the sclera should not be visible.
  • Ears: They are almost triangular in shape, Its width represents around 1/3 its length. They are implanted high above the zygomatic arch. They are not very erect, hanging and touching the lateral faces of the skull.

Neck:

Although it is covered with abundant hair, the demarcation with the nape of the neck is clearly visible. The upper profile is arched. Its length represents about half the height at the withers.. It is erect and your skin is not flaccid.

Body:

Its longitude, Measured from the tip of the shoulder to the tip of the buttock, exceeds in a 38% the height at the withers.

  • top line: It is rectilinear until the implantation of the tail.
  • Cross: It protrudes slightly from the line of the back.
  • Back: Its length comprises around 65% the height at the withers.
  • Rump: In the extension of the dorso-lumbar line, the rump is very wide and long; Its obliquity is 10° below the horizontal.
  • Breast : The thorax is broad and descends below the line of the elbows; the ribs are not too tight. The thoracic perimeter exceeds 2/3 the height at the withers. The region of the sternum is well elongated.

Tail:

It is located in the extension of the rump, It is thick at the root and thin at the tip. Its length corresponds to 60% the height at the withers. It forms a single large curve whose tip falls between the haunches touching the rump. Tail that bends over one side of the body is tolerated.

Tips

  • Former members : Taken together, They are well applied to the body and are well poised.
  • Scapula: Its length represents 1/3 of the height at the withers and its obliquity below the horizontal is 60 to 65 degrees. Relative to the median plane of the body, approaches the vertical.
  • Arm: It is longer than the shoulder, includes between 40 to 45% the height at the withers; Its obliquity below the horizontal is 70%. It is well applied to the body in its upper two-thirds and its longitudinal direction is almost parallel to the median plane of the body..
  • Elbows: They are parallel to the median plane of the body.
  • Forearm: He is thin and has little visible muscle; However, the bones are rather robust in relation to the size of the breed.. It is less long than the arm and measures 33% the height at the withers. His height, Measured from the floor to the tip of the elbow, comprises around 55% the height at the withers.
  • Carpo: It is located in the vertical axis of the forearm; has great mobility; It does not have knots and is covered by a thin skin.
  • Metacarpus: It has the same characteristics of the carpus and, due to its short length, es vertical.
  • Previous foot: It is rounded, with toes well arched and together; center pad and digital pads are black; the nails are also black, or at least a dark color.
  • Later members : Seen in conjunction, They have robust bones and are parallel to each other. Seen from the back, They are vertical from the tip of the gluteus to the floor.
  • Thigh: Its bones are robust and its posterior edge is convex.. It is parallel to the median plane of the body; its direction from top to bottom and from back to front is somewhat oblique in relation to the vertical. Its length reaches about 40% from the height to the withers and its width is a little less than its length.
  • Leg: The groove is barely visible; Its obliquity below the horizontal is 55°. The leg is slightly longer than the thigh.
  • Hock: Its anterior angle is 140°.
  • Metatarsus: The distance from the floor to the tip of the tibiotarsal joint is slightly greater than 1/3 the height at the withers. Its length corresponds to the height of the hock. The metatarsus has perfect poise.
  • Rear foot: It is rounded like the previous one and has the same characteristics.

Movement:

Uniform, skimming the ground, executed with ease; during trotting the steps are short and fast.

Mantle

Skin : It is well attached to the entire body; It has dark, wine-red spots, especially on the back.. The edge of the eyelids, the third eyelid and the edge of the lips are black.

open the trunk, of which the configuration continues without opening, nor form locks. Tufts on the forelimbs are allowed, from elbow to foot, and on the hind limbs, from knee to foot. There is no inner coat of hairs. The hair on the head is very long, both on the snout, where it mixes with the beard, like on the skull, where it falls until it mixes with that of the ears. Tail hair falls on only one side of the body, that is, on the flank and on the thigh, and it is so long that it reaches the hock.

  • Color : Pure white. pale ivory is allowed. Pale orange tones are allowed on condition that they give the impression of being spots.. This, However, is not desirable and constitutes an imperfection.


  • Size and weight:

    • Height to the cross: Of 21 to 25 cm in males. Of 20 to 23 cm in females.
    • Weight: Of 3 to 4 kg.


    Fouls:

    Any deviation from the aforementioned criteria is considered as lack and the seriousness of it is considered to the degree of deviation to the standard and its impact on health and welfare of the dog.

    • Bilateral strabismus.
    • Trunk length, that exceeds 43% the height at the withers.

    serious fouls

    • Visibly bulging nasal passage.
    • Marked underbite, if it alters the external appearance of the snout.
    • Size larger than 26 cm., and less than 19 cm in males, and higher than 25 cm., and less than 18 cm in females.

    ELIMINATING fAULTS

    • Marked divergence or convergence of the craniofacial axes.
    • Total depigmentation of the nose, or truffle of another color other than black.
    • Upper prognathism.
    • Eyes gazeos.
    • Total depigmentation of the eyelids.
    • Anurismo; brachyurism, so much congenital, as artificial.
    • Curly hair.
    • Any color other than white, except pale ivory.
    • Spots of different colors, regardless of its extension.

    Any dog ​​showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities should be disqualified..



    N.B.:

    Males should have two normal-appearing testicles fully descended into the scrotum..

    Source: F.C.I - International Cynological Federation

    Alternative names:

    1. Maltese, Sleeve Dog (English).
    2. Bichon maltais (French).
    3. Malteser (German).
    4. Maltês, bichon maltês (Portuguese).
    5. Bichón maltés, Maltaise, Couton, Mini Maltés, Pulguis (español).

    ▷ The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

    Havanese
    Cuba FCI 250 . Bichons

    Thanks to its nature, the Havanese is used in therapy with animals

    Bichón Habanero

    Content

    Characteristics "Havanese"

    Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "Havanese" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

    Adaptation ⓘ

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    friendly dog ​​ⓘ

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    hair loss ⓘ

    1,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Affection level ⓘ

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Need for exercise ⓘ

    1,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Social need ⓘ

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Home ⓘ

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Toilet ⓘ

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Friendly with strangers ⓘ

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    barking ⓘ

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Health ⓘ

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Territorial ⓘ

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Cat friendly ⓘ

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Intelligence ⓘ

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Versatility ⓘ

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Child friendly ⓘ

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Surveillance ⓘ

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    joy ⓘ

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    History

    Like all kind dogs Bichon, as the Coton de Tulear, the Bolognese or the Maltese, the Havanese has its origins in the western Mediterranean, on the Spanish and Italian coasts.

    There are several theories about its appearance.. According to some historians, descends from Bichón de Tenerife, that was brought to Cuba in the 18th century, when several settlers began to settle on the island. Others believe that it is descended from Barbet and the Poodle French bred in France before being brought to Cuba by Spanish settlers, also during the 18th century. But, this hypothesis is much less plausible than the first.

    In any case, as soon as you get to the island, their ancestors evolved to adapt to the climate, developing a lightweight, insulating coat to better tolerate heat. They also crossed paths with Blanquitos de la Habana, another Bichon-type dog that was already established on the island, but that has disappeared. Other crosses were probably made with Maltese, also imported by the settlers. The result was a more massive dog, rustic and robust.

    It also, Cuba was subject to trade restrictions imposed by Spain at that time, and remained isolated for some time: this facilitated the development of a specifically local breed. During the 18th century, the breed was called Habanera, in reference to the city of Havana, capital of Cuba. They differed from other Bichon-type dogs by their fur, softer and that it could be of other colors besides white, and by its morphology. In fact, I was both smaller and bigger than them.

    At the beginning of the 19th century, the Havanese had become a very popular pet among Cuban aristocratic families. European travelers also fell under its spell, and some took them to england, Spain and France, which is why they also became fashionable in Europe in the middle of the century. Writer Charles Dickens (1812 – 1870) and queen victoria (1819 – 1901) were some of the celebrities who owned them and who had a special predilection for this breed.

    After the Cuban revolution of 1959, the race had a bad time. In fact, their number greatly decreased, to the point of being on the verge of extinction. But, some subjects accompanied people fleeing the chaos and went into exile abroad, especially in the state of Florida, in United States. Diplomatic tensions, sometimes very strong, they did not prevent Havanans from beginning to be known in the country. In fact, the breed probably owes its salvation to the individuals brought to the United States, as disturbances in their native territory caused a drastic drop in their numbers. In fact, although the breed continued to be present in Cuba during this period, it was primarily American enthusiasts who took up the breeding torch at this time in history.

    Specialists emphasize in particular the importance of 11 specimens born on the island and who accompanied their masters to the United States: served as the basis for the selection made to constitute new lines. In fact, These 11 dogs were commissioned over the years 70 by the Goodales, a couple of American breeders. Enchanted by the intelligence of the race, its affectionate character and its great resistance to the hot and humid climate of Florida, they gave birth to puppies from the ten copies they possessed and developed a breeding program that was decisive. In fact, It is thanks to his work that the habanero had a new life in the United States and that new lines were born there, based on dogs born in Cuba. The first births took place in 1974, and in 1979 a breed club was created, the Havanese Club of America (HCA). Quickly, went from 9 to more than 400 Member, which shows how quickly this dog found an audience.

    The recognition of Havanese

    Although this country played a decisive role in the survival of the race, the official recognition of Havanans in the United States came late. In effect, we had to wait until 1991 for the United Kennel Club (UKC) take the step. The other local reference organization, the American Kennel Club (AKC), he did the same 5 years later, in 1996.

    El Canadian Kennel Club (CKC) followed him in 1999.

    On the other hand, the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) distinguished himself by recognizing the Havanese in 1963. This contributed to its spread in Europe., where the breed did not really enjoy the same popularity as in the second half of the 19th century.

    In the United Kingdom, was recognized by the prestigious and influential Kennel Club in 1993.

    More broadly, the Havanese is now recognized by all major international and national institutions in the world.

    The situation of Havanese in Cuba

    In Cuba, the flight of a large number of aristocrats (the same ones that constituted the main population of owners of this dog) to the United States and elsewhere could have raised fears of a disappearance of the race in the country.

    But, this was avoided, since not all the owners of habaneros left, and some offspring continued to exist. Even in 1991 the Cuban Club of the Havanese (CCBH) with the aim of promoting the breed, protect it and promote its development. It also, of course, is recognized by the national canine organization, the Cynological Federation of Cuba (FCC).

    Today, the Havanese It is considered the national breed of Cuba – She is the only one from this country.). Obviously, is recognized by the national canine organization, the Cynological Federation of Cuba (FCC). Enthusiasts now hope that the resumption of relations between the United States and the island will allow the exchange of dogs to expand the gene pool of Cuban and American bloodlines..

    Did you know??

    The Habanero It is the national dog of Cuba. Descend from the already gone Blanquito de la Habana; the Blanquito descends from Bichón Tenerife, too late.

    Popularity

    In the news, the Havanese is known and distributed all over the world, and is increasingly successful in many countries.

    This is the case, in particular, from France, where each year some 800 dogs in the French Stud Book (LOF). The breed experienced an especially pronounced boom among 2009 and 2014, going from about 250 births per year to more than 700. Prior to that, the number had already doubled in the first decade of the 21st century, starting from a hundred, stable or even slightly inferior to the years 90.

    In Switzerland, statistics from the Amicus Database show it to be the 20th most common breed in the country, With almost 5.000 registered copies.

    The success of Havanese it is even more pronounced in Canada, where it is solidly anchored at the Top 10 of the most popular breeds in the country in view of the number of registrations in the CKC, standing between the 5th and 7th position depending on the year. The breed is also on the rise, since at the end of the decade of 2000 ranked 15th.

    Its popularity is not denied in the United States either., where the stall is around 25 (of about 200) in the breed ranking established by the AKC based on the number of births registered each year in the organization. In the middle of the Decade of 2000, rather occupied the position 40, and around the 30 early in the decade 2010.

    The Havanese is also increasingly popular in the UK, for example. In fact, at around 500 specimens registered annually with the KC at the end of 2010, more than double the score at the beginning of the decade, when some 200 births per year.

    Physical characteristics

    The Havanese is a small vigorous dog low on short legs, longhair, abundant, soft, preferably wavy. Their movements are alive and elastic.

    Its height to the cross is of 21 to 29 cm., with the ideal of breed between 22,9 and 26,7 cm.. Its height is slightly smaller than the length from the shoulder to the hind legs, which should give the appearance of being slightly longer than it is tall. A unique aspect is the line of its back, straight but not horizontal. Their weight is between the 3,6 and 6,8 kg.

    The truffle is black, the eyes are very large, in the form of almond, never round, Brown most obscure. It has a friendly expression. The contour of the eye should be dark brown to black. The ears are medium in length, implemented relatively high, falling along the cheeks forming a fold that elevates them slightly. Its tip is a bit strong tip. They are covered with hair in long fringes. Nor distant as windmill blades, or glued to the cheeks. It takes the high tail, in the form of pastoral staff (with the curved upper limb, in the form of scrolls) or, preferably, wound on the back; It is equipped with a fringe of long silky hairs.

    With regard to their coat, the inner layer lanosa, is poorly developed; is often absent altogether. The layer of coverage is very long (12-18 cm in an adult dog), soft, flat or wavy, and it can be curly, wicks.

    There are two varieties of color:

    • Pure completely white, Fawn in different shades of the Griffon clear del habano (wetwood tobacco colour); spots of the mantle in these colors, sometimes slightly carborane.
    • White coat colors, light tawny to Brown, with black spots, black cloak. With the black nose and dark pigment around eyes, except for the chocolate-colored dogs, It can have dark brown pigment around the nose.

    Mantle's hair should be long, soft, fluffy, silky and should be brushed frequently so that you do not enrede and form knots.
    Many people consider Havanese Bichon a hypoallergenic dog.

    “Havanese Bichon” Grooming

    Provided that carried his dog an aesthetic Center, remind the professional stylist to revise the ears of your dog so that clean excess match, dust and dirt that might be present; as well as remove excess hair that grows in the ear hole. Deeper ear cleanings can only be done by the veterinarian.

    It is important that you as the owner check your dog's ears and ears at least once a week to avoid more serious problems.. See where this is necessary for inspection and care to the veterinary doctor. Professional groomers should inform the owners of the pets they serve about possible ear problems so that they can be taken care of properly.

    The nails should be cut each 3 to 4 weeks on average, their nails should measure approximately 1 cm., counting the root (which should measure up to half a centimeter). It is recommended that the cutting of nails do the veterinary doctor or the professional stylist. Owners if they do not have adequate experience should ask for advice to learn how to cut them; always using the tools in good condition and appropriate. Never cut the nails of your dog if you don't have special healing powder to control accidental bleeding that might be present. It is important that the dog is confident, post which tends to be aggressive in defending their legs.

    The hair is very thin and fine. It is recommended to consistently styling each 2 or 3 days to prevent knots or lint from forming. It also, the hair helps to get rid of the unhealthy hairs. The breed standard provides for a cut of hair around their feet to avoid that look like a round pie and a small cut around the eyes for hygienic reasons, but no more cutting to participate in dog shows.

    The hair of the Cubs is different from adult dogs, for this reason the agreement differently may be necessary. Check with your professional stylist. Remember your stylist to clean the anal glands of your dog as part of the routine of aesthetics; a veterinarian can also and recommend him to you each time this procedure must be your dog. The problems of anal glands are risky and uncomfortable.

    Character and skills

    They are very playful and good dogs with older people, rather than with the children. They love to climb on furniture and are one of the smallest companion breeds around..

    The Havanese is exceptionally awake, It's easy to educate as alarm dog. Affectionate, cheerful nature, is nice, warm, funny, playful and even a little jester. He wants his entire family, including parents and children, and play endlessly with them. Rarely behaves aggressively, is friendly and is rarely shy or nervous around people, but still suspicious of strangers.

    Ready and active, the Havanese has a light and elastic walk (physically given by his body), enough showy and agile as to emphasize their nature happy, also tends to be proud and conceited. It has free movements of the front limbs which move straight forward and the rear ones giving the push in a straight line.. It would always seek care through tricks as running from one room to another as fast as possible. You don't need too much exercise. This is a very people-oriented variety; They also have the habit of persecuting people without being possessive and play without attack.

    The key word of this race is natural. The standard of the American Kennel Club speaks of one playful character rather than decorative and should reflect a Toy by its size and by playing with children and do tricks, not to be lying on a Silk Pillow.

    Thanks to its nature, These dogs are used in therapy with animals, as for the deaf and in detection of termite among other assistance dog.

    Price

    The price of a puppy Havanese round the 1200 euros on average. But, this amount hides great disparities, since the price range goes from 700 to 2500 EUR.

    whatever the country, the amount required depends on several criteria, as the quality of the lineage from which the animal comes, the prestige of the kennel, as well as, and above all, the intrinsic characteristics of the puppy, especially on the physical plane, that is to say, its greater or lesser approximation to the breed standard.

    Images «Havanese»

    «Havanese» Videos

    Type and recognitions:

    • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
    • Group :
    • Section : . .

    Federations:

    • FCI – Group 9 Section 1
    • AKC – Toy Group , ANKC
    • ANKC Group 1 (Toys)
    • CKC – Group 5 – Toys
    • ​KC – Toy
    • NZKC – Toy
    • UKC – Company

    FCI breed standard "Havanese"

    Origin:
    Cuba

    Date of publication of the valid original standard:
    31.10.2016

    Use:

    Companion dog.



    General appearance:

    The Havanese is a vigorous little dog, low on legs, longhair, abundant, soft and preferably wavy. Their movements are alive and elastic.

    important proportions: The length of the muzzle is equal to the distance between the frontal-nasal depression and the occipital protuberance.

    The relationship between the length of the body (measured from the tip of the shoulder to the tip of the buttock) and the height at the withers is 4/3.



    Behavior / temperament:

    Exceptionally awake, It's easy to educate as alarm dog. Affectionate, cheerful nature, is nice, warm, funny, playful and even a little jester. He loves the boys and plays endlessly with them.

    Head:

    Long Middle, the relationship between the length of the head and the length of the trunk (measured from the withers to the birth of the tail) is of 3/7.

    Cranial region:
    • Craging: Flat to slightly convex, broad; slightly elevated forehead; seen from above,  it is round at the back and almost straight and square on the other three sides.
    • Dfronto-nasal depression (Stop): Moderately marked.

    facial region:

    • Trufa: black or brown.
    • Hocico: It becomes progressively thinner and slightly towards the truffle; neither pointed nor truncated.
    • Labios: Fine, net, tight.
    • Jaw/Teeth:  Scissor-shaped bite. A complete denture is sought. Absence of premolars is tolerated 1 (PM1) and molar 3 (M3).
    • Cheeks: Very flat, not prominent.
    • Eyes: So big, in the form of almond, Brown most obscure. friendly expression. The contour of the eye should be dark brown to black.
    • Ears: Relatively high deployed, fall along the cheeks in an inconspicuous crease that raises them slightly. Its tip is a bit strong tip. They are covered with hair in long fringes. Nor distant as windmill blades, or glued to the cheeks.

    Neck:

    Long Middle.

    Body:

    The length of the body slightly exceeds the height at the withers. top line: Straight, slightly arched at the loin. Rump: Well inclined.

    • Costillas: Well arched.
    • Belly: Well collected.

    Tail:

    carried high, in the form of pastoral staff (with the curved upper limb, in the form of scrolls) or, preferably, wound on the back; It is equipped with a fringe of long silky hairs.

    Tips

    Former members:
    • Ageneral appearance: Straight and parallel, dry; good bones. The distance between the floor and the elbow should not be greater than the distance between the elbow and the withers.
    • Pinis previous: A bit elongated, small, compact.
    Later members:
    • Ageneral appearance: Good bones; moderate angulations.  
    • Hind feet: A bit elongated, small, compact.

    Movement:

    The Havanese has a light and elastic walk, colorful and agile enough to underline its cheerful character. Well free movement of the forelimbs, which move straight ahead, the posterior ones giving the push in a straight line.

    Mantle

    Plink: The inner layer, woolly, is poorly developed; is often absent altogether. The layer of coverage is very long (12-18 cm in an adult dog), soft, flat or wavy, and it can be curly, wicks.

    Any arrangement is prohibited, all hair length matching with scissors and all waxing.

    Exception: a cleaning of the hairs of the feet is authorized, the hairs on the forehead can be slightly trimmed so that they do not cover the eyes, and the hairs on the muzzle may be slightly trimmed, but it is preferable to leave them natural.

    Codor: Rarely completely pure white, leonado in its different shades (it is admitted with light carbonation), black, tan brown, tobacco color, reddish brown. Stains are allowed in the listed colors. Tan markings are allowed in all shades.



    Size and weight:

    Height to the cross: of 23 to 27 cm.

    Tolerance: of 21 to 29 cm.



    Fouls:

    Any deviation from the aforementioned criteria is considered as a fault and the severity of this is considered to the degree of the deviation to the standard and its consequences on the health and well-being of the dog..

    Serious misconduct:
    • General appearance without tip
    • Truncated or pointed snout, whose length is not identical to that of the skull.
    • bird of prey eyes; eyes that are too sunken or prominent; depigmented spots on the eyelids
    • Too long or too short body.
    • Straight tail, not carried elevate
    • Former members "in lira" (nearby carpus, feet turned outward).
    • Deformed pies.
    • Wire-haired,  sparse hair;  short hair except in puppies; groomed hair.
    disqualifying fouls:
    • Aggressiveness or extreme shyness.
    • Any dog ​​showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities.
    • Aggressive or fearful dog.
    • Depigmented truffle.
    • Upper or lower prognathism.
    • Ectropion and entropion; eyelid edges completely depigmented.
    • Size that exceeds or does not reach the norms indicated by the standard.


    N.B.:
    • Males should have two normal-appearing testicles fully descended into the scrotum..
    • Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with the typical conformation of the breed, should be used for breeding

    Lthe latest changes are in bold.

    Source: F.C.I - International Cynological Federation

    Alternative names:

    1. Havanese dog, Havanese Cuban Bichon (English).
    2. Bichon havanais (French).
    3. Havaneser (German).
    4. Bichon havanês, Havanese (Portuguese).
    5. Bichón Habanero, Habanés (español).

    ▷ The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

    Bichon Frise (Bichon à  poil frisé)
    Francia Belgica Spain FCI 215 . Bichons

    The owner of a Bichon Frise (Bichon à  poil frisé) You should avoid leaving it alone, suffers from anxiety when you're alone.

    Content

    Characteristics "Bichon Frise (Bichon à  poil frisé)"

    Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "Bichon Frise (Bichon à  poil frisé)" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

    Adaptation ⓘ

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    friendly dog ​​ⓘ

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    hair loss ⓘ

    1,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Affection level ⓘ

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Need for exercise ⓘ

    2,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Social need ⓘ

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Home ⓘ

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Toilet ⓘ

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Friendly with strangers ⓘ

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    barking ⓘ

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Health ⓘ

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Territorial ⓘ

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Cat friendly ⓘ

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Intelligence ⓘ

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Versatility ⓘ

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Child friendly ⓘ

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Surveillance ⓘ

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    joy ⓘ

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    History

    It is said that the Bichon Frise, also known as Bichon à  poil frisé, is the product of a cross between the Maltese and other small dogs, including Barbet (French Water Dog), ancestor of Poodle.

    Very present on the shore of the Mediterranean during the 14th century, would have been introduced to the Canary Islands by merchants and sailors who traveled the seas. At that time, the curly-haired Bichon was called Tenerife, by the name of one of the Canary Islands.

    It was at the beginning of the 16th century when the Bichon Frise made its appearance in France, more specifically under the reign of Francisco I (1494-1547), that made him her favorite companion. Later, King Henry IV (1553-1610), that he was a great admirer of the breed, made it a very popular companion dog and requested by the ladies and gentlemen of the Court.

    The heyday of Bichon Frise lasted until the 18th century, two centuries marked by the interest of the great painters of the time for this little dog. We find it for example in 1770 in the work of the painter Jean-Honoré Fragonard, The sweet ticket, depicting a woman with a magnificent bichon frize. In 1795, Francisco Goya painted The Duchess of Alba, with a Bichon Frise lying at his feet. Madame de Pompadour (1721-1764), Louis XV's favorite (1710-1774), would have had several Bichon Frise.

    During the Second Empire (1852-1870), the Bichon Frise, always in fashion, progressively left the halls of the aristocracy and became very popular with the general population. Appreciated for his intelligence and agility, accompany the entertainers in the streets, to jugglers and other organ players.

    Unfortunately, as with many breeds of dogs, World War I was a severe blow to the Bichon à  poil frisé, and during the interwar period, the breeders of Bichon Frise almost entirely disappeared.

    Fortunately, a passionate Belgian breeder and lover of the breed allowed it to survive by organizing several reproductions in the decade of 1920. France officially recognized the breed in 1933.

    World War II and its terrible consequences, in both human and animal terms, were a second blow to the race, you had to wait three decades before seeing a new boom.

    In 1960, the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) officially recognized the Bichon à poil frisé, giving him Belgian and French origins, but it wasn't until the decade of 1970 when his popularity really started to grow.

    In United States, the Bichon Frize Club of America was created in 1964, and the breed was recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1973.

    In France, el Club of Bichons and Small Dogs Lions trabaja desde 1947 to defend and improve the Bichon Frise, but also the Bichon Maltese, the habanero, the Bichon Bolonais and the Little Lion Dog.

    • Japanese canine Club: Recognized the dogs miniature group in 1972.
    • Organization International Dogshow: Recognized in the Group of Companion Dogs in 1972.
    • American Kennel Club: AKC (United States). Entered into regular classes in 1973.
    • Canadian Kennel Club: CKC (Canada). Classified in the Group of dogs not hunters in 1975.
    • United Kennel Club: UKC (United States). Recognized in 1981.
    • The Kennel Club: KC (Great Britain).

    These associations allow having useful references to estimate the popularity of the breed, Learn about the effort to keep defined, get advice for purchasing a purebred puppy and see this race to compete.

    Physical characteristics

    The Bichon Frise it's a small dog, light and very elegant. His skull is flat, his stop is not very marked and his nose is quite black. His round eyes are dark (between dark brown and black) and his ears are thin, falls and with a lot of hair. The tail is carried erect and gracefully curved, but not curled.

    Their coat is fine, soft, silky, slightly curly. Relatively long, of 7 to 10 cm.. It has an inner mantle of wool.

    Hair color can be white or brown very clearly. The height at the cross in the males is of 24 to 26.5 cm and the females of 23 to 30 cm.. The standard weight of the Bichon Frise lies between 3 and 6 Kg.

    Life expectancy

    They tend to live in 12 to 15 years.

    Character and skills

    Happy, lively and fearless, the Bichon Frise He is a small dog who easily expresses and communicates his joie de vivre. Very cuddly, loving and playful, he likes to be taken care of, and his mischief makes his charm. Very attached to his master, he is a dog that loves family life.

    So that, the Bichon Frise It is an ideal companion dog for all age groups., as playful with children as kind to the elderly. He also likes to be around active people, with which you can share some canine sports activity, like caniVTT or agility.

    Living in an apartment suits you just as well as living in a house with a garden, as long as your need for exercise is met with at least one walk a day.

    Well mannered, tolerate loneliness wisely and without barking for hours, although he undeniably seeks the company.

    Very sociable, gets along as well with humans as with other animals, including cats. Like this, the Bichon Frise he's a bad watchdog, although it can alert to the presence of a stranger through some barking.

    Education

    The Bichon Frise (Bichon à  poil frisé) easy to educate as long as clear and precise hierarchical references are given from a young age. His master must be firm, but without excesses or brutality, patient and consistent.

    Sometimes it can be a cheater, but he knows how to do it to get what he wants. Like this, its owner should not be overwhelmed, because a badly mannered dog that only does what it wants is a dog that is not comfortable with itself, In addition to being difficult for its owner to live with.

    Naturally docile, vivacious and intelligent, the Bichon Frise is the ideal candidate for learning tricks or for obedience, because he quickly assimilates what is expected of him.

    Health

    The Bichon Frise he is a robust dog, cold and heat resistant. It is even one of the longest-lived dogs, with a life expectancy of up to 16 years.

    But, this does not prevent you from being predisposed to certain diseases such as cutaneous lymphoma, mycosis fungoides, joint disorders (dislocation of patella, Legg-Perthes-Calvé disease, etc.) or eye disorders (cataract, stromal corneal dystrophy, etc.).

    Grooming

    The Bichon Frise, whose molt is almost non-existent, it is one of the most hypoallergenic dog breeds.

    But, their coat requires a lot of maintenance. In effect, you have to brush it every day, at the risk of having so many knots that it is necessary to take it to a hairdresser to be sheared.

    It is also a good idea to bathe your dog once a month with a nourishing dog shampoo., followed by an equally nourishing conditioner, to facilitate daily detangling and keep her beautiful white coat looking perfect.

    To avoid the stripes that brown the pure white fur of the Bichon Frise, it is also necessary to clean the eyes every day.

    It also, croquettes are preferable to other types of food, as they prevent whiskers from turning brown.

    You should also take special care with your dog's ears and, in particular, prevent hair from growing on them, as it could allow moisture to settle in them and cause ear infections. Hair in the ear canal can be easily removed with tweezers.

    Last, it is advisable to take the Bichon à  poil frisé to the groomer three or four times a year to get her long curly locks shortened.

    «Bichon Frize» images

    «Bichon Frize» Videos

    Type and recognitions:

    • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
    • Group :
    • Section : . .

    Federations:

    • FCI
    • AKC
    • ANKC
    • CKC
    • ​KC
    • NZKC
    • UKC

    FCI breed standard "Bichon Frise (Bichon à  poil frisé)"

    Origin:
    Spain, Belgium, France

    Date of publication of the valid original standard:
    10.01.1972

    Use:

    Companion dog



    General appearance:

    A cheerful little dog, with a lively and very loose movement and curly white hair like a corkscrew. Wear your head with pride; the eyes are dark, cheerful and expressive. The tail is carried gracefully curved over the back.

    important proportions:

    The Bichon Frize is longer than it is tall, body length (from the tip of the shoulder to the tip of the ischium) is greater than the height at the withers. The body is rectangular. The ratio of the length of the skull to the length of the muzzle is 3-2. The depth of the chest is equal to the height measured from the ground to the elbows.



    Behavior / temperament:

    It is a true companion dog that can be taken anywhere without problems.. He is not nervous or barks often, is very sociable towards people and dogs, even if you don't know them. He has a great capacity for adaptation and is very attached to his masters.

    Head:

    Maintain harmony with the body.

    Cranial region:
    • Skull : On palpation, the skull is rather flat, even though the hair adornment makes it look round. The skull is longer than the muzzle.
    • Depression links (Stop) : Little pointed.

    facial region:

    • Nose: rounded, black, lustrous and granular in structure.
    • Snout: Very wide at the base, without tapering too much towards the nose, forming 2/5 of head length. Straight nasal bridge, neither pointing down nor tilted up.
    • Lips: Fine, rather skinny, falling just enough to cover the lower lip, but never heavy or pendulous; usually pigmented black down to the corner. The lower lip should not be heavy, visible or loose. The corner of the lips is tight and does not allow the inside of the lips to be visible.
    • Jaws / Teeth: Upper and lower jaw wide, each with six evenly set incisors. Scissor bite preferred; pincer bite is tolerated. Full dentition preferred.
    • Cheeks: Flat.
    • Eyes: Very dark, medium-sized, rather round in shape, never almond shaped or protruding. They must not be positioned obliquely. The pigmentation of the eyelids must be completely black. When the dog looks ahead, the whites of the eyes should not be visible.
    • Ears: The ears are droopy and well covered with abundant hair.. Inserted above the eye line, forming an equilateral triangle and hanging vertically along the cheeks. When they stretch forward, the leather must reach at least the corner of the lips, and in most it reaches the middle of the snout. The ears are mobile, especially when something catches the dog's attention.

    Neck:

    Rather long, carried high and proud. It is round and thin close to the skull, gradually widening to gently insert into the shoulders. Its length is about a third of the body length. No double chin.

    Body:

    • top line: Straight, approximately horizontal to base of tail.
    • Cross: It is quite marked.
    • Back: Horizontal, good musculature. Pork loin: Broad and muscular, slightly arched.
    • Rump: wide, slightly rounded, very slightly inclined.
    • Breast : Well developed, well lowered to the elbows, deep chest, floating ribs are well sprung and do not end abruptly, the chest is rather long.
    • Bottom line and belly: The lower part of the chest rises slightly towards the belly line with a moderate rise. The flanks are well set back; the skin is thin and not loose.

    Tail:

    Set moderately high, slightly below the line of the back, It is carried elevated and gracefully curved in line with the spine, without being coiled or amputated. The tip of the tail, regardless of hair, does not touch the back of the dog. Hair ornament may fall on the back. The tail should not hang down when the dog is in motion.

    Tips

    Former members:
    • General appearance: Seen from the front, the forelimbs are straight. Moderate bone.
    • Shoulder: well laid.
    • Arm: Forming a good angle with the shoulders.
    • Elbows: Well attached to the body.
    • Forearm: straight and perpendicular seen from all sides.
    • Metacarpus: Short and straight seen from the front, very slightly sloping seen from the side.
    • Previous feet: tight, round and knuckles well up, neither in nor out, pads should be black and nails should preferably be black.
    Later members:
    • General appearance: The pelvis is wide. The hind limbs are well muscled and seen from behind, They are parallel to each other. They are vertical.
    • Thigh: wide and muscular. Knee: Well angled, neither turned in nor out.
    • Leg: About the same length as the thigh.
    • Hock: Low placement and well marked.
    • Metatarsus: Slim without spurs.
    • Hind feet: Tight, round and knuckles well up, neither in nor out, pads should be black and nails should preferably be black.

    Movement:

    Fast moving, free, covering a lot of ground. During the jog, the head is carried high, the tail well curved on the back. Hind limbs with good thrust. Parallels.

    Mantle

    Skin: Stretched all over the body; dark pigmentation preferred; However, does not influence hair color. The scrotum should preferably be black.

    Fur: Profuse hair. Outer layer hair forms loose spiral-like curls (This is the structure of the curly). A soft and dense undercoat must be present. Hair is neither straight nor corded, ni lanudo, ni en marañado.

    Color: Pure white. But, prior to the 12 months of age, hair may tend to be slightly beige (champagne), but this should not cover more than 10% dog.



    Size and weight:

    Height to the cross: 25 to 29 cm.. A tolerance of 1 cm in plus is accepted for males; A tolerance of 2 cm in less is accepted for females, as long as the proportions are balanced and the sexual dimorphism is well marked.

    Weight: About 5 kg, in proportion to size.



    Fouls:

    Any deviation from the aforementioned criteria is considered as a fault and the severity of this is considered to the degree of the deviation to the standard and its consequences on the health and well-being of the dog..

    Serious misconduct:

    • Temperament: A dog that lacks self-confidence.

    • Head: pointed snout.

    • Nose: Loss of pigmentation.

    • Lips: Pink or partially pigmented, hanging corners of the lips.

    • Eyes: color clear, incomplete pigmentation of the edge of the eyelids, visible white. The hair under the eyes should not have traces of tear secretions.

    • Chest: underdeveloped.

    • Cola: threaded, forming a ring, lifted perpendicularly or dropped during movement.

    • Extremities: insufficient angulations. • For the: not profuse enough and / or wrong curling causing hair to split open or be straight.

    • Color: Hair coloring (except for dogs under 12 months).

    disqualifying fouls:

    • Aggressiveness or extreme shyness. Any dog ​​showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities.

    • Prognathism (upper or lower prognathism).

    • Total depigmentation of the nose, the edges of the lips and eyelids.

    • Eyes: Small, almond shape, protruding, too light or sharp eyes.

    • For the: Total absence of a curly texture.

    • Color: Any hair color other than white in specimens over 12 months.

    • Size: Out of tolerance.

    • General aspect: Any evidence of dwarfism.

    • General appearance: Any dog ​​whose general structure is inscribed in a square.



    N.B.:
  • Males should have two normal-appearing testicles fully descended into the scrotum..
  • Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with the typical conformation of the breed, should be used for parenting
  • Complement to the Standard

    Cuts accepted.

    • Head: The ears, beard and mustache are shortened and shaped to give the head either a round or bell shape.
    • Body: In order to give the impression of elegance and slenderness, hair is shortened (but not less than 3 cm.) on the back and flanks. The lower part of the belly is covered with hair.
    • Limbs and feet: cylindrical appearance.
    • Tail: It should not be cropped.

    Source: F.C.I - International Cynological Federation

    Alternative names:

    1. Bichon Frise (English).
    2. Bichon à poil frisé (French).
    3. Bichon Frisé, hannover’scher schweisshund (German).
    4. Bichon frisé (Portuguese).
    5. Bichon de pelo rizado, Bichón Tenerife (español).

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    Bolognese
    Italia FCI 196 . Bichons

    Hair texture Bolognese It is the wool one and should never be cut or trimmed

    Bichón Boloñés

    Content

    Characteristics "Bolognese"

    Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "Bolognese" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

    Adaptation ⓘ

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    friendly dog ​​ⓘ

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    hair loss ⓘ

    1,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Affection level ⓘ

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Need for exercise ⓘ

    2,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Social need ⓘ

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Home ⓘ

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Toilet ⓘ

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Friendly with strangers ⓘ

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    barking ⓘ

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Health ⓘ

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Territorial ⓘ

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Cat friendly ⓘ

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Intelligence ⓘ

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Versatility ⓘ

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Child friendly ⓘ

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Surveillance ⓘ

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    joy ⓘ

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    History «Bichon Bolognese»

    Small dog breed, original of Italy. Its name refers to his hometown, Bologna, located north of Italy.

    According to dog literature, It is believed that the Bolognese descends from different types of dogs bichon South Italy, and its existence dates back to the 11th or 12th century. Similar to the Bichon Frise, became popular as a companion dog among the royal courts and the nobility of Spain, as well as in other parts of Europe since the 19th century 16 until the early nineteenth century.

    The Francia appear among the most appreciated gifts that were made for a time by the powerful of this world. Cosimo (1389 – 1464) It took no less than eight to Brussels as gifts to different Belgian nobles. Philip II, King Spain from 1556 to 1598, After receiving two, as a gift Duke of This, thanked him in writing, saying "that these two little dogs are the most royal gifts that can be given to an emperor". Bolognese breed is represented in paintings Titian, of Pierre Breughel and Goya.

    The Bolognese It was recognized in 1989 by the Federation Cynologique Internationale as race number 196 in the Group 9: Companion and Toy Dogs, Section 1.1 Bichons.

    Physical Characteristics Bichon Bolognese

    White small dog, compact, classified as a companion dog and with a unique distinctive in the Bichons: their coat entirely white and without layers. The eyes are large and dark, as the nose. Height Bolognese varies between 25 and 30 cm.. The weight can vary between 4 and 5 kg.

    Did you know??

    You may have heard that dogs' non-shedding coats make them a "non-allergenic" breed., but this is not true. It is the dog dander – skin flakes – what triggers allergic reactions, no fur. The coat that is not descaled means less dander in the environment and sometimes less allergic reactions. But they still produce dandruff, and can cause an allergic reaction.

    The unique distinctive coat (that is to say, without layer) It falls in loose and open throughout the body curls, with shorter hair on the face. The texture of the hair is of wool and should never be cut off or cut. The Bolognese sheds very little hair, but requires regular hairdo.

    Each hair grows from a hair follicle, It has a cycle of growth, and then die and are replaced by another follicle. When the follicle dies, the hair falls out. The length of time of the culture cycle and shedding varies with age and other factors.. Frequent brushing and bathing, to keep the Bolognese at its best, is essential.

    Character and skills Bolognese

    These dogs are very smart and love the company of people, but they are often very reserved with strangers. Although it may not seem like it, they have a very sharp ear., in general, they only bark when they hear strange noises. Usually, they are less active than the Bichón Frise, However, is a cheerful and friendly breed.

    Develops a close bond with its owner.

    To be intelligent, it is easy to train, and eager to please, making it an ideal companion dog for the family, Although initially it may be something reserved with strangers. They are good with children. Their life expectancy is 12 to 14 years.

    Education

    The education of Bolognese not particularly difficult, because he is a calm dog, obedient and intelligent by nature. But, do not let yourself be softened by his cuddly side and by his ability to enchant with his tender and amazed gaze, because he would quickly put his little world in his pocket and turn situations in his favor.

    Like this, a firm but gentle education, as well as a well-cared socialization, contribute significantly to the flourishing of the Bolognese.

    Health

    The Bolognese he is a robust dog, with a good life expectancy, since it is situated in an average between 12 and 14 years. But, may suffer from certain disorders of the musculoskeletal system, such as patella luxation, or inherited eye disorders, like distichiasis.

    Grooming

    Despite what its abundant fur might suggest, the Bolognese little mute. It also, their annual molts, in spring and autumn, they are weak. On the other hand, to keep the pure white of their fur, requires regular and careful maintenance.

    The coat of the Bolognese should never be cut, but to brush impeccably two or three times a week. Your hair should be detangled with a comb or a stiff brush, insisting above all behind the ears and legs, as well as in the womb, to counteract the formation of knots, especially in the molting period.

    It also, to avoid brown spots in the hair around the eyes of the Bolognese, it is advisable to clean them regularly with a saline solution.

    It also, to prevent ear infections, it is important to remove the hair from the inside of the ears with tweezers.

    Last, it is recommended to bathe the dog every two or three months with a special shampoo for white dogs.

    Images «Bichon Bolognese»

    “Bolognese Bichon” Videos

    Type and recognitions:

    • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
    • Group :
    • Section : . .

    Federations:

    • FCI – Group 9 Section 1
    • AKC – Toy Group , ANKC
    • ​KC – Toy

    FCI breed standard "Bolognese"

    Origin:
    Italy

    Date of publication of the valid original standard:
    13.11.2015

    Use:

    Companion dog



    General appearance:

    Small size, with the trunk collected and compact, covered in pure white hair, long and steamy.

    important proportions

    His body tends to be a square, in such a way that the length of the trunk is equal to the size (height to the cross).



    Behavior / temperament:

    It is very serious and, in general, quiet. Is brave, docile, very attached to his master and his environment.

    Head:

    Medium length, reaches 1/3 the height at the withers. Its breadth, measured at the level of the zygomatic arches, equals its length.

    Cranial region:
    • Skull: It is slightly ovoid in shape following the sagittal plane, and it's rather flat at the top; surfaces are somewhat convex; the bumps on the frontal bones are well developed. The longitudinal axes of the skull and muzzle are parallel; the frontal sulcus is little accentuated and the occipital protuberance little marked. The length of the skull is slightly greater than that of the muzzle.
    • Depression front naso (Stop): Quite steep.

    facial region:

    • Truffle: On the same line as the snout and, profile view, its front face is on the vertical. It is bulky and must be black..
    • Snout: Its length is equal to 2/5 of head length; the snout is rectilinear and the lateral faces of the snout are parallel to each other; thus the front face of the snout is almost square. The suborbital region is well delineated.
    • Lips: Since the upper lip is slightly raised, this one does not cover the lower lip, and the lower profile of the snout is determined by the jaw.
    • Jaws/Teeth: Normally developing jaws, with perfectly fitting maxillary and mandibular arches. White teeth, lined up in a regular way. The teeth are strong and complete. The incisors are articulated in the shape of a scissor, although pincer joint is accepted.
    • Eyes: Located in an almost frontal plane, wide open, larger than usual. The lid opening is rounded, the eyeball should not be prominent, sclera is not visible. The edge of the eyelids is necessarily black and the iris is dark ocher..
    • Ears: High insertion, they are long, pendants, but rather rigid at the base, so that the upper part of the pinna is separated from the skull, thus giving the impression that the head is broader than it really is.

    Neck:

    No double chin; its length is equal to the length of the head.

    Body:

    Since the body tends to be square, the length of the trunk, measured from the tip of the back to the tip of the buttock, is equal to the height at the withers.

    • Cross: Little protrudes from the line of the back.
    • top line: The rectilinear profile of the back and loin, which is slightly convex, they blend harmoniously into the line of the rump.
    • Rump: It is slightly oblique and very wide.
    • Sill: The manubrium of the sternum is not very prominent.
    • Breast : Large, descends to the level of the elbows; the ribs are well arched. The height of the thorax reaches almost half the height at the withers.
    • bottom line: Behind the sternum profile, rises slightly towards the belly.

    Tail:

    It is located in the line of the rump and arches over the back.

    Tips

    Former members

    Taken together, They have perfect aplomb and are parallel to each other in relation to the median plane of the trunk..

    • Shoulder: Its length is equal to 1/4 the height at the withers; in relation to the horizontal they are oblique and approach the vertical in relation to the median plane of the trunk. His movements are free.
    • Arm: It is well applied to the trunk, is almost equal in length to the shoulder, but it is less oblique than this.
    • Elbows: They lie in a plane parallel to the median plane of the trunk.
    • Forearm: Its length is equal to that of the arm, follows a perfectly vertical direction.
    • Carpus and metacarpus: Seen from the front they extend the vertical line of the forearm. Seen in profile, metacarpus is slightly oblique.
    • Front feet: They are oval in shape, with dark elastic pads and very hard black nails.
    Later members

    Considered as a whole and seen from behind, they should follow a perfectly vertical line that goes from the tip of the buttock to the floor.. They are parallel to each other.

    • Thighs: Its length is equal to 1/3 the height at the withers. They are oblique from top to bottom and from back to front; are perfectly parallel to the median plane of the trunk.
    • Leg: It is longer than the thigh.
    • Hock: The tibiotarsian angle is not very closed.
    • Metatarsus: The distance from the point of the hock to the tips of the toes is slightly less than a third of the height at the withers..
    • Rear feet: With the same characteristics as the front ones, although less oval.

    Movement:

    Development, energetic; the bearing of the head is noble and distinguished.

    Mantle

    Skin:
    • Well stretched and adhered to the whole body, with visible mucous membranes and rigorously pigmented black third eyelid.
    Fur:
    • Long over the whole body, from head to tail and from dorsal region to feet. It is shorter on the muzzle. It is rather vaporous, therefore it is not stretched, but in strands; never forms bangs.
    Color:
    • Pure white, without stains, nor shades of white.


    Size and weight:

    Height to the cross:

    • Males: 27 - 30 cm..
    • females: 25 - 28 cm..

    Weight: 2.5 – 4 kg.



    Fouls:

    Any deviation from the above criteria is considered missing and the seriousness is considered to the extent of the deviation to the standard.
    Squint.

    Serious misconduct
    • Accentuated convergence or divergence of the craniofacial axes.
    • Bulging snout.
    • Prognathism if it alters the external appearance of the muzzle.
    • Size less than 25 cm and above 33 cm in males, and less than 22 cm and above 32 cm in females.
    ELIMINATING fAULTS
    • Aggressive or fearful dog.
    • Depigmentation of the nose.
    • Nose in a color other than black.
    • Upper prognathism.
    • Bilateral depigmentation of the eyelids.
    • Eyes gazeos.
    • Anurismo.
    • Braqui Tourism, both natural and artificial.
    • Any coat color other than white.
    • Stains and specks.

    Any dog ​​showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities must be disqualified..



    N.B.:

    Males should have two normal-appearing testicles., fully descended into the scrotum.

    Source: F.C.I - International Cynological Federation

    Alternative names:

    1. Bichon Bolognese, Bolognese Toy Dog, Bologneser, Bolo, Botoli, Bottolo (English).
    2. Bichon bolonais, Bolognese (French).
    3. Bologneser, Bichon Bolognese (German).
    4. Bichon bolonhês, Bolognese (Portuguese).
    5. Bichón boloñés, Boloñes (español).

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    Coton de Tulear
    Madagascar FCI 283 . Coton de Tuléar

    The Coton de Tulear is very playful, to the point that the standard describes him as "sometimes he's a bit of a clown".

    Content

    History

    The Coton de Tulear He is originally from the port city of Tulear, in southern Madagascar (currently Toliara).

    Its exact origins are unknown., but it probably descends in part from the Bichon. The latter was fashionable in the sixteenth century, and many people kept dogs of this breed as pets or to hunt rats.

    The ancestors of Coton de Tulear they could be, Therefore, Bichons owned by French settlers in Madagascar or by sailors, merchants or pirates, who used them to hunt rats on board. A popular half legend of the island speaks of the Bichons accompanied the ladies on a boat and survived the shipwreck.

    In any case, These Bichons would have interbred naturally with the Terriers local, giving rise to a new breed of dog described at the time as almost wild and living by hunting.

    Later, natural selection worked its way into a living dog, very adaptable and resistant.

    From the seventeenth century, These dogs were domesticated and adopted by the "Merinas", one of the island's ethnic groups, and more specifically for its nobility.

    at the end of the century, the French nobility settled in the colony of Fort-Dauphin (created in 1643) took hold of this new breed, then baptized as "Royal Dog of Madagascar", coming to enact laws that prohibited commoners from owning them and jealously guarding them on the island.

    Like this, the Cotón remained isolated and unknown to the rest of the world for several centuries, time during which it developed remarkable specificities, starting with the fur that gave it its current name. Dense and cottony, protects you from both the cold nights and the heat of the Malagasy days.

    Thus appeared the Coton de Tulear what we know today, obviously related to the different Bichons (Havanese, Maltese, Bolognese and above all Bichon Frise, the closest to him).

    Madagascar gained its independence in 1960. Tourists, more and more numerous and mostly French, they began to discover the paradisiacal landscapes of the island and their funny puppy so affectionate. A handful adopted them and brought them to France, where they were immediately successful. But, it was not until the following decade when it was possible to speak of export on a larger scale.

    During the Decade of 1960, Madagascar had to face multiple economic and political problems, as well as natural disasters. Concerned about these events, Malagasy paid less attention to their national dog, and the breeders of Coton de Tulear gradually moved away from the breed standard. That's how it was until the years 70, when it began to be known also outside of France. But this knowledge - and recognition- followed two different paths: the european and american way.

    The spread of Coton de Tulear in Europe

    In 1970, Louis Petit, then president of the Société Canine de Madagascar, requested the FCI (International Cynological Federation) the recognition of Coton de Tulear. So a new standard was set and presented to the institution, and the process was successful: the FCI recognized the breed that year. Later, the FCI standard was revised in 1987, 1995 and 1999.

    The FCI designated France as the depository of the breed standard, in view of the problematic situation in Madagascar and the difficulty of creating hatcheries on the island. Automatically recognized by the SCC (Central Canine Society), the Coton de Tulear was assigned to 1977 to the Club Français du Chihuahua et des Chiens Exotiques.

    France then definitely launched into breeding, breed selection and promotion, under the direction of the FCI. The Cotón began to be exported from France to the rest of Europe and beyond, and France soon had the best specimens, something that continues to happen to a large extent today.

    The first Coton de Tulear exported to Europe bore the letters TI (Initial Holder) in their name to indicate that they were original Cotons, that is to say, that his parents were born on the island.

    Wherever i went, this happy and carefree puppy won hearts. This was especially true in the UK, where the prestigious British Kennel Club recognized the breed in 1990. Although not one of the most popular breeds there, it is becoming more popular, at around 400 births registered with the organization every year: This figure was three times lower in the early 1990s. 2010.

    In France, the number of entries in the Livre des Origines Français (LOF) increased dramatically over the years 80, going from a few dozen a year at the beginning of the decade to more than 1.000 at the end. The trend continued after, with, for example, the crossing of the 1.500 annual births in 1995 and that of the 2.000 ten years later. Since the second half of the second decade of the 21st century, a small drop has been observed., with an annual figure closer to 1.700.

    The spread of Coton de Tulear in United States

    The French were not the only ones interested in the Coton de Tulear. At the same time it spread through Europe through France, an American biologist who studied lemurs in Madagascar, The doctor. Robert Jay Russell, met him in 1973 and imported the first copies to the United States. The following year, in turn established a breed standard based on the direct descendants of imported individuals, and different from the FCI. In 1976, founded the Coton de Tulear Club of America (CTCA).

    Although appreciated, the breed remained - and remains today- much more confidential in North America than in Europe. National canine authorities took longer to recognize the breed: was not up 1996 for the United Kennel Club (UKC) and up 2014 for the American Kennel Club (AKC).

    But, several breed fan clubs were formed, some of which developed their own standards. The result is that there are now no fewer than four different standards for the Coton de Tulear in United States:

    • UKC standard, followed by NACA (North America Coton Association) ;
    • The FCI standard (the “European” standard), developed in France and recognized by the ACC (American Cotton Club);
    • The standard USACTC (The United States of America Coton de Tulear Club), which became the AKC standard;
    • The standard mCTCA (Madagascar Coton de Tulear Club of America, which replaced the one created by Robert Jay Russell in 1974), and followed by the MCPC (Malagasy Coton Preservation Club).

    The differences between these standards are mainly based on two characteristics: color and size. These may include, the MCPC allows a larger size and multiple colors, whereas the FCI standard only allows dogs totally - or almost totally- white and smaller.

    But, the breed remains relatively small in the country, occupying the position 80 (of something less than 200) in the ranking of the most popular breeds according to the number of annual registrations in the AKC.

    The situation of Coton de Tulear in Madagascar

    Although he was named the island's official dog, of which it is the only endemic dog breed, not many left Coton de Tulear in Madagascar. In fact, was a victim of its success in the years 80: a puppy bought from 500 francs in Madagascar were sold ten times more expensive in France. Like this, most newborns were exported.

    The situation of the breed in its country of origin today seems like a field of ruins. The number of hatcheries Coton de Tulear in Madagascar it is very low and the quality is not usually the same. In the best case, their dogs show little homogeneity and are quite far from the standard; in the worst case, have major defects and major health problems, because some breeders work exclusively on inbreeding. The Coton de Tulear they are also found in families as pets or on the streets, but most are not purebred.

    Although it is highly appreciated as a companion dog and quite popular in some countries. (the Netherlands and Thailand, for example, have become large importers of Cottons French), the Coton de Tulear still a relatively rare breed around the world.

    Physical characteristics

    The Coton de Tulear it's a small dog, longer than tall and muscular. His stride is regular, no jumps or jerks, but it covers little ground.

    The neck is well muscled and the skin is fine and taut, as in the whole body. The back is firm and muscular, like the rump, which is oblique and short. The chest is long and well developed, the ribs are rounded. The belly is tucked up but not elevated.

    The tail is low, in line with the spine. At rest, descends below the hock and the tip rises. In action, curves on the back.

    The head of the Coton de Tulear it is short and triangular. The skull is quite wide and slightly domed, with the presence of a slight frontal groove. The stop is not very marked.

    The eyes are round and wide apart, dark colored, and the look is alive and intelligent. The ears are triangular and droopy, high insertion. Located close to the cheeks, reach up to the corner of the lips.

    The muzzle is straight, the nose is black (although brown color is tolerated), with wide open nostrils. The lips are thin and the same color as the nose.

    Teeth are well aligned, articulated in scissors (the upper jaw covers the lower), in clamp (the two jaws are edge to edge) or articulated reverse without loss of contact (the jaws are not the same shape and shift to fit).

    The coat is one of the most notable characteristics of the breed: it's cottony, very soft and flexible (never hard or rough), dense and abundant. It can also be slightly wavy.

    The coat is generally white, but some auberization stains are allowed (white and tawny hairs) or gray (black and white hairs), especially on the ears.

    These stains are also tolerated - but not sought- in other parts of the body, provided they do not alter the general white appearance of the coat.

    Size and weight

    ▷ Male size: 26 – 28 cm.
    ▷ female size: 23 – 25 cm.
    ▷ Male weight: 4 – 6 Kg
    ▷ female weight: 3 – 5 kg

    Varieties

    There are a variety of Coton de Tulear which is completely black at birth. The legs, tail and head turn white after a few weeks, while the rest of the body takes on a silvery-gray hue in two to three years.

    Call Panda, this variety is highly sought after in the United States and Canada.

    Character and skills

    The Coton de Tulear he is a very nice companion, with a cheerful and stable character: It's full of energy, spontaneous, loving and faithful. He loves to attract attention and does not hesitate to play a clown.

    He is also a seducer capable of looking at his master with large innocent eyes or of clowning around in hopes of escaping punishment.. Observant and sensitive, knows how to recognize the right moments to achieve their goals, for example when his master is available to him, but he also knows how to find faults and take advantage of them.

    So, not necessarily an ideal dog for a novice owner: if you love to please your master and, in fact, is generally considered quite compliant, can also be stubborn, like many small dogs. It should be noted that the females of this breed are usually more independent and dominant than the males..

    Very sociable, the Coton de Tulear gets along with humans he meets, but instead is suspicious and / or fearful of strangers. It can be considered as an alarm dog, although their propensity to fulfill this role varies significantly across individuals, some being more territorial than others.

    On the other hand, they tend to get along well with other dogs and animals, including cats, whether or not they belong to the house.

    Vivaces and smart, they love to play and they especially like children, regardless of your age. In fact, It is a breed of dog recommended for children, for which it is an excellent playmate.

    Both children and adults, These naughty and alert little dogs quickly become attached to their family and are very sensitive to the moods and emotions of their companions. This makes it an exceptional companion., endowed with empathy and considered a real stress reliever. They are very cuddly and like to snuggle with their owners and "talk" to them with a lot of vocalization and growling., and they are delighted to hear back.

    Despite her delicate appearance, these resilient dogs are physically and mentally strong and easily adapt to change. Not afraid to travel or commute, the most important thing for him is to be with his family and share his activities. Otherwise, it is an ideal option for an owner who wants to take their dog on vacation, especially since its size also makes things easier.

    On the other hand, cannot be left alone for long. If his owners work during the day and have no choice but to leave him home alone, the presence of another animal is an interesting option to avoid problems, such as destructive behavior or untimely barking, that can be important and wear down the nerves of the neighborhood. The Coton de Tulear It is also, usually, a pretty noisy dog, who likes to give the voice.

    For this reason, for his good character and for his need in rather moderate exercise (30 minutes a day are enough for him), the Coton de Tulear It is a breed of dog adapted for elderly and / or not very active people. Easily adapts to a calm and sedentary lifestyle: a daily walk and play sessions are enough for your happiness. This low need for activity and its small size make it an ideal dog for apartments, although of course he is also happy in a house with a garden in the country. As long as you can exercise and are well trained, it is very quiet at home. Otherwise, they can be very energetic, to the point of being exhausting.

    If you have free access to a garden, it is better that the latter is closed. The Coton de Tulear he's too attached to his family to really run away, and does not have a very marked hunting instinct, but your curiosity may push you to follow a clue and not find your way back. At the same time, early training to remember can greatly reduce the risk of problems, especially if allowed to walk without a leash.

    In any case, having a garden, even if it is big, does not dispense with the need to walk it daily. In effect, walks are not only interested in allowing the dog to stretch its legs: allow you to possibly meet colleagues, which is always enriching, but also stimulate your senses (and especially his sense of smell), what is necessary for your psychic balance.

    The Coton de Tulear also suitable for active owners: he likes nothing more than sharing family activities and appreciates dog sports such as obedience, el agility, the canine dance or the cavage. But, your endurance has its limits: not able to run long distances. So, not a companion to take for jogging or cycling.

    Education

    The Coton de Tulear is an intelligent dog that understands very quickly what is expected of him. He is constantly listening to his master, which makes it quite easy to educate, as long as certain conditions are respected, because he is also stubborn and very observant: easily detects faults and does not hesitate to take advantage of them to do just what you want. So, his master must show sweetness, but also firmness and great coherence, so as not to be taken at fault.

    Must be educated from an early age and responds very well to dog training method positively, appreciating the rewards in the form of play, treats or caresses. But, since he is prone to getting bored quite quickly, puppy training sessions should not exceed ten minutes. It also, how he is a playful dog and that he can be very energetic, you have to show him very quickly the return to the basket (and therefore to calm down), as well as the recall.

    Like all dogs, the Coton de Tulear also needs to be socialized very soon, to prevent him from becoming fearful or aggressive. It is also essential to get him used to being handled from a young age, since its coat requires important maintenance throughout its life.

    Health

    The Coton de Tulear It is a small and resistant dog that, usually, has a robust constitution and good health. It also, thanks to its particular fur, fears neither cold nor heat.

    But, there are a number of more or less recurrent diseases to which they are prone:

    • One of the most frequent is progressive retinal atrophy. Genetic in origin, can reach various degrees of gravity, reaching the total blindness of the dog;
    • The Hip Dysplasia it's not weird either, y corresponds to a situation where the head of the femur does not fit into the corresponding socket of the hip. This causes pain, lameness and a prosthesis may be required;
    • Rarer are the patella dislocation and degenerative myelopathy, which generally appears around the 9 years and is characterized by a gradual loss of coordination. These conditions are not painful for the animal, but there is no treatment for them.

    There is also no treatment for ataxia neonatal, which fortunately is not very widespread. This sickness, caused by a genetic mutation, affects the part of the brain that controls movement and coordination, so the puppies that suffer from it are unable to walk. They are usually euthanized before their first birthday.

    In addition to these diseases with often serious consequences, the Coton de Tulear are prone to certain less serious problems, but they require a certain vigilance.

    This is the case in particular of skin allergies. They cause itching that prompts the dog to scratch, with the key to a risk of infection.

    You should also keep a close eye on your dog's eyes, since they usually run a lot: Cleaning daily or every other day is usually necessary to avoid eye inflammation or skin infection due to constant humidity.

    Last, a dog with hanging ears is at increased risk of otitis, and the Coton de Tulear does not escape the rule. So, great vigilance is also to be established at this level.

    Life expectancy

    14 years

    Grooming

    The hair Coton de Tulear is abundant and requires daily brushing, knots can easily form at the base. If there are many, the only solution is even shaving.

    So, it is necessary to get used to these daily sessions very soon, and it is necessary to take your dog to the groomer at least twice a year, to prevent hair from becoming too long.

    This is all the more true since the Coton de Tulear It is a breed of dog that does not change. Loses very little hair, which makes it a hypoallergenic dog.

    We can bathe him once a month, but always using a shampoo adapted for dogs that does not dry out the hair and skin (are prone to skin allergies), and drying it carefully after.

    You also need to take care of your teeth by brushing them two to three times a week.. The ideal is, of course, a daily frequency, which is not a problem if you are used to it since childhood.

    At the same time, regular inspection and cleaning of the eyes (all days, as it has a strong tendency to have watery eyes) and from the ears (at least once a week) will help avoid many problems like conjunctivitis, ear infections, ear scabies, etc.

    Last, as with all dogs, nails may need to be trimmed from time to time. How often depends on your lifestyle, because a very active individual wears them out naturally. If you hear them snap on the ground when you walk, it's time to cut them out.

    Food

    The Coton de Tulear not a difficult dog to feed, and does not have a particular propensity to be overweight. Good quality small croquettes are perfect, and can be given in one or two meals. On this last case, it is advisable to opt for a lighter portion in the morning and a larger one in the evening.

    In any case, your diet should be adapted to your age, health and activity level.

    You should also make sure that your dog has a bowl of fresh, clean water at all times..

    Utility

    The Coton de Tulear he is essentially a companion dog with many qualities and rarely disappoints in this role.

    For his sensitivity and playful nature, can also be used as a therapy dog, especially with depressed people.

    Last, his vivacity and his permanent attention to his master make him stand out in certain canine sports such as agility or obedience.

    Price

    The price of a puppy Coton de Tulear registered in the LOF ranges from 1.000 and 1.500 EUR, but it can reach the 2.000 euros for the specimens of the most beautiful lines.


    Breeders of the breed "Coton de Tulear"

    • Muguiris – We work with the ROYAL CANINE SOCIETY OF SPAIN ( RSCE ) ( NORTH-WEST – PEDIGREE ). We do not work with unofficial parallel canine societies. AFFIX MUGUIRIS, RSCE Nº 011939 * FCI Nº 0228/04 – La Rioja – Spain

    • Saianel kennel – Recognized by the International Cynological Federation. WOMEN 0803/06. Partner No. 792 of the Sociedad Canina Castellana SCC. – Zoo core number ES349020000019 – AFFIA: SAIANEL Nº 013861 – Palencia (Palencia)

    • Coton de Tulear D´Eramprunyà – No. of the Zoological Center: T- 2500160. – Afijo D'Eramprunyà: 7791 – Road from Reus to Mont-roig del Camp – T-310 Km 10 of Montbrió del Camp (Tarragona)

    Characteristics "Coton de Tulear"

    Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "Coton de Tulear" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

    Adaptation ⓘ

    2,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    friendly dog ​​ⓘ

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    hair loss ⓘ

    1,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Affection level ⓘ

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Need for exercise ⓘ

    2,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Social need ⓘ

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Home ⓘ

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Toilet ⓘ

    2,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Friendly with strangers ⓘ

    2,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    barking ⓘ

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Health ⓘ

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Territorial ⓘ

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Cat friendly ⓘ

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Intelligence ⓘ

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Versatility ⓘ

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Child friendly ⓘ

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Surveillance ⓘ

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    joy ⓘ

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Images "Coton de Tulear"

    Photos:

    1 – Tuléar cotton by https://pixabay.com/es/photos/coton-de-tulear-perro-mascota-5799865/
    2 – Tuléar cotton by https://pixabay.com/es/photos/el-coton-de-tulear-perro-2417968/
    3 – Tuléar cotton by https://www.hippopx.com/es/puppies-coton-tulear-dog-animal-cotton-tulear-white-petit-domestic-animal-6371
    4 – Coton de Tulear Puppy by EthanMallang365, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
    5 – Tuléar cotton by https://pixabay.com/es/photos/coton-de-tulear-perro-mascota-5799868/
    6 – Conton de Tulear, Granadina de Domaine de la Louvière by CamilleVila, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

    Videos "Coton de Tulear"

    Type and recognitions:

    • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
    • Group :
    • Section : . .

    Federations:

    • FCI – Group 9 Section 1.2 "Cotton Tulear"
    • AKC – Toy Group , ANKC
    • CKC – Group 5 – Toys
    • UKC – Company

    FCI breed standard "Coton de Tulear"

    Origin:
    Madagascar

    Date of publication of the valid original standard:
    25.11.1999

    Use:

    Companion dog



    General appearance:

    This is a small companion dog, longhair, white, cottony texture. His eyes are round, dark and lively and intelligent expression.



    important proportions:

    • Relationship between height at withers and length of body is 2:
    • Ratio of head length to body length is 2:5.
    • Relationship between the length of the skull and the length of the muzzle is 9:


    Behavior / temperament:

    Happy and balanced character. He is very sociable with humans and with his fellow human beings. It adapts perfectly to any lifestyle. The character of the Coton de Tuléar is one of the main characteristics of the breed.

    Head:

    Overall view, it's short; view from above, is triangular.

    Cranial region:
    • Craging:  Seen from the front,  it is slightly domed;  it is quite wide in relation to its length. Superciliary arches are poorly developed. The front groove, as well as the protuberance and the occipital crest are not very marked. The zygomatic arches are developed.
    • Dnaso-frontal depression (Stop): It is little accentuated.

    facial region:

    • Trufa: It occurs in the prolongation of the nasal bridge. Black, although chestnut is accepted. The nostrils are wide open.
    • Hocico: It is straight.
    • Labios: Fine, stretched, the same color as the truffle.
    • Jaws/Teeth:    The teeth are well aligned. The joint is scissor-shaped, forceps or inverted scissors, without losing contact. The absence of the PM1 will not be penalized. M3s are not taken into consideration.
    • Cheeks: Thin.
    • Eyes: They are rather round. dark, alert gaze, well separated. The edge of the eyelids is pigmented black or brown, depending on the color of the truffle.
    • Ears: Pendants, triangular, stand high on the skull. His limb is thin. They are attached to the cheeks and extend to the corner of the lips. They are covered with white hairs or with light gray traces (mix of white hairs and black hairs that give a light gray appearance) or roan red (mix of white hairs and tawny hairs giving a roan red appearance).

    Neck:

    He is well muscular and slightly arched. It is well attached to the body. The ratio of neck length to body length is 1/5. The skin is well stretched and there is no double chin.

    Body:

    Seen as a whole, the top line is very slightly convex. The dog is longer than tall.

    • Cruz: It is little accentuated.
    • Espalda and tenderloin: The back is firm; the top line is slightly convex. The loin is well muscled.
    • Glikeness: It is oblique, short and muscular.
    • Pecho:  Well developed,  long;  descends to the level of the elbows. The ribs are well sprung.
    • Vinbetween: picked up, but not aggrieved.

    Tail:

    Low, in the axis of the spine.
    • During rest it descends below the hock and the limb is raised
    • During movement she is hunched over her back, with the tip towards the nape, the cross, the back or the loin In dogs with thick fur, the limb may lie on the dorsal-lumbar region.


    Tips

    Former members:

    • Ageneral appearance: Seen in conjunction, they are leaden.
    • Hshoulders and arms:  The shoulders are oblique and muscular. The length of the humerus visibly corresponds to that of the scapula.
    • Forearm:  The forearms are vertical and parallel.  They are well muscled and strong boned.  The length of the forearms clearly corresponds to that of the arm.
    • CArpos:  They are located in the extension of the line of the forearm.
    • Metacarpus: Solid. Seen in profile, are slightly oblique.
    • Previous feet: Small and round. Fingers are well together and arched. The pads are pigmented.

    Later members:

    • Ageneral appearance: Seen in conjunction, they are leaden. Although it is not valued, the presence of dewclaws is not penalized.
    • Thighs: They are well muscled. The coxofemoral angle is about 80°.
    • PinErna: Oblique, they form an angle of about 120° with the femur. Hock: Delgado, well defined. Its angle is approximately 160°.
    • Metatarsals: They are vertical.
    • Pinis later: Small, round. Fingers are well together and arched. The pads are pigmented.

    Movement:

    Light and loose, but it doesn't cover much ground. During the movement the top line remains firm and the dog does not waver. Piel: It is thin and adheres well to the body in each of its parts. It is pink, although it may be pigmented.

    Mantle

    Plink: It is one of the characteristics of this breed, since that's where its name is derived. It's soft, loose, cottony, never hard or rough. Hair is dense, abundant and can be very slightly wavy.

    Codor: Background color: white.

    On the ears some light gray traces are accepted (mixture of white hairs and black hairs)  or roan red (mixture of white hairs and tawny hairs. In all other parts of the body such traces are tolerated as long as they do not modify the general white appearance of the coat.; but they are not wanted.



    Size and weight:

    Tby hand:

    • Ideal size: for the males: 26 - 28 cm.,
    • For the females: 23 - 25 cm..

    With a tolerance of 2 cm for the top size and 1 cm for bottom size.

    Pthat   

    • Males:  4 kg, up to a maximum of 6 kg.
    • Hblaze: 3,5 kg up to a maximum of 5 kg.


    Fouls:

    Any deviation from the aforementioned criteria is considered as a fault and the severity of this is considered to the degree of the deviation to the standard and its consequences on the health and well-being of the dog..

    Serious misconduct:

    • Flat or overly domed skull; narrow skull.
    • Snout: disproportion between skull / muzzle correlation.
    • light eyes, too almond or salty Ectropion, entropion.
    • Too short, presented backwards (ears in pink). Very short ear hairs.
    • Neck too short or thin; sunk in the shoulders.
    • Top line too convex or sunken.
    • Horizontal or narrow croup.
    • Straight shoulders.
    • Limbs that deviate inward or outward, elbows off, hocks wide open or closed, straight angulations
    • Too short hair, too wavy or curly.
    • Partial or very light pigmentation of the eyelids or lips. Discolored nose or traces of discolored spots.

    disqualifying fouls:

    • Aggressiveness or extreme shyness.
    • Any dog ​​showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities.

    Cgeneral type characteristics

    • Lack of ethnic characteristics that make overall, the animal is not sufficiently similar to its peers of the same breed.
    • Size and weight that deviate from the limits and tolerances of the standard.

    Cparticular characteristics of type

    • Bowed nasal bridge
    • Prominent eyes, with features of dwarfism; eyes too light; gaze eyes.
    • Raised or semi-raised churches.
    • Tail that does not reach the hock; set high.

    Fully screwed(forming a closed curl); attached to the back or thigh;  vertical position.

    Absence of tail.

    • atypical hair, ensortijado; woolly or silky.
    • Coat with abundant spots;  any pure black stain.
    • Total absence of pigmentation in one eyelid, nose or lips.

    Anormalities

    • Upper or lower prognathism with loss of contact, vertically separated and open incisors.
    • Absence of teeth (except the PM1 and M3).


    N.B.:
    • Males should have two normal-appearing testicles fully descended into the scrotum..
    • Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with the typical conformation of the breed, should be used for parenting.

    TRADUCCION: Mrs. IRIS Carrillo. Official language: FR.

    Source: F.C.I - International Cynological Federation

    Alternative names:

    1. Toliara, Coton, Cotie (English).
    2. Coton (French).
    3. Coton, Baumwollhund (German).
    4. Coton, Nenhum (Portuguese).
    5. Coton, Cotie (español).

    ▷ The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

    Little Lion Dog (Löwchen)
    Francia FCI 233 . Little Lion Dog

    The Little Lion Dog It is little known, so much that in 1960 was defined as the rarest dog in the world.

    Little Lion Dog

    Content

    Characteristics "Little Lion Dog (Löwchen)"

    Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "Little Lion Dog (Löwchen)" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

    Adaptation ⓘ

    2,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    friendly dog ​​ⓘ

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    hair loss ⓘ

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Affection level ⓘ

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Need for exercise ⓘ

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Social need ⓘ

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Home ⓘ

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Toilet ⓘ

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Friendly with strangers ⓘ

    2,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    barking ⓘ

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Health ⓘ

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Territorial ⓘ

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Cat friendly ⓘ

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Intelligence ⓘ

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Versatility ⓘ

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Child friendly ⓘ

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Surveillance ⓘ

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    joy ⓘ

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    History

    The origins of Little Lion Dog, also called Löwchen they are old and controversial. The most widespread theory places its origins in northern Europe (Germany, Belgium and France) and claims that it is related to the Miniature Poodle breed., while another theory places its origins in the Mediterranean regions of Spain and France and states that it is closer to the Bichon.

    Some give it a much more exotic origin, claiming that it descends from dogs that came from Tibet via Russia: However, this theory seems unlikely and is most certainly due to a mispronunciation, since his name is sometimes pronounced "Low Chen» in the Anglo-Saxon world, what gives it Asian sounds. Another hypothesis based on linguistics claims that his name is not a reference to the king of animals, but to the city of Lyon, from which it would originate.

    Although its origins are unclear, the truth is that the Little Lion Dog It was already a highly sought-after companion dog in the Middle Ages.. This animal with its characteristic fur appears in numerous paintings, engravings and tapestries from the 15th centuries, 16Th and 17TH. One of the first representations of the breed can be seen in France, in the cathedral of Amiens, built in the 13th century, where two little lion dogs are carved in stone, perfectly representative of the breed.

    Its famous lion's mane shearing is linked to the values ​​of the aristocracy during the Renaissance. As the lion represents strength and courage, the men used the Little Lion Dog as a status symbol. As for women, they appreciated being able to warm their feet against their little companion's bare skin and spend time grooming him this way.

    So that, it is this peculiarity relative to the animal's fur that is at the origin of its name, even if it is not natural.

    In the 18th century, both the Earl of Buffon (1707-1788) in his famous Natural History as the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778), known as Carl von Linné for his ennoblement and author of Systema Naturae, they described the Löwchen and highlighted its rarity.

    The breed gradually declined during the 19th century, and it was rare in 1897, when Mr.. by Coninick, a breeder of Dieghem (Belgium), sold a bitch of Little Lion Dog white to young Madelaine Bennert (1876-1972), also from Belgium, who fell in love with this nice dog.

    The two world wars were about to suppose the death of this race. But, in 1944, Madelaine Bennert vowed to save the Löwchen starting a breeding program. Found two females, respectively in Lille and in the Dieghem region, and then a male named Ulan. The first litter was born in 1948. Later, a new female named Sirginia joined the program, and Hans Rickert, a german vet, teamed up with Mrs. Bennert to relaunch the breed. The dogs they used and gave birth to are the origin of the Löwchen what we know today.

    His efforts paid off in 1961 When the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) officially recognized the breed, designating France as your country of origin.

    But, It was from Germany that the first specimens were exported to Great Britain in 1967 and then to the United States in 1971, which undoubtedly explains why this dog is now much better known with its Germanic name than with the French. But, at that time it was still a very rare breed: with less than 50 registered copies (half of them in Germany), It was even designated “the rarest dog breed in the world” by the Guinness Book of Records..

    While the British Kennel Club quickly recognized the Little Lion Dog (already in 1971), the Canadian Kennel Club (CKC), the American Kennel Club (AKC) and the United Kennel Club (UKC) they waited until 1994, 1995 and 1999, respectively, to give you full breed status.

    Today, although it is still rare, the Little Lion Dog It is no longer an endangered breed and can count on a loyal fan base. The Löwchen is at the bottom of the popularity ranking in the United States (around the stall 170 of 190), but it enjoys a certain popularity in Britain, where some are registered 80 births per year. But, this figure tends to erode, since around 2010 I was well above 100. In France, the Livre des Origines Français (LOF) records an average of 70 new Löwchen per year, and the trend has been stable since the early 1990s. 2000.

    Photo: Lowchen by Jappitoo, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

    Physical characteristics

    The Little Lion Dog it is a small dog breed with a robust appearance and solid bones. His body is square in shape, as high as long, and her back is straight, like its front legs. The tail, placed just below the line of the back, it is carried high and curved.

    The head of the Löwchen it is relatively wide and short, with a wide muzzle ending in a black nose. The big eyes, dark and round should be well positioned forward and express drive and intelligence. The ears are low set, at the height of the eyes, and they fall quite low.

    The coat is long and silky, and consists solely of a dense, wavy top layer. It is important to know that the "lion's mane" appearance so typical of the breed is not natural., but it is due to the cutting of part of its fur. Although this is mandatory for individuals participating in dog shows, a Löwchen confined to the role of companion dog can perfectly keep its long hair on the whole body.

    The breed standard allows all colors and color combinations, but the white, cream and black are the most popular.

    Last, there is little sexual dimorphism in this breed.

    Size and weight

    ▷ Male size: Of 25 – 33 cm.
    ▷ female size: 25 – 33 cm.
    ▷ Male weight: 5 – 7 kg
    ▷ female weight: 5 – 7 kg

    Character and skills

    The Löwchen has been used as a pet for many centuries, and is extremely loving and attached to his family. They love spending time with their owners, either playing with them or just lying next to them. This attachment makes it a breed of dog that does not tolerate loneliness well.: if left alone frequently for several hours at a time, you are likely to suffer from separation anxiety. This can lead to excessive barking., scratches on the door or even destructive behavior.

    Rather distrustful, the Little Lion Dog not very sociable with strangers, those he greets with barks. But, They accept them quickly once they realize that they are friends of the family and that they too get their share of attention.

    Playful dog, he likes to have fun with the children he knows, but he is less receptive to those he does not know. As with all dogs of any size, should not be left alone with young children, especially if one or more of them are unknown.

    Used to getting all the attention from your family, to the Little Lion Dog does not particularly like to share his home with other animals, whether they are companions or representatives of other species. On the other hand, accepts perfectly those with whom he has grown up and whom, Therefore, consider part of the family, although there is a risk that rodents will one day awaken their hunting instincts.

    Regardless of its small size, not afraid to provoke other dogs much bigger than him, without being aware of the danger. So, a certain vigilance is necessary during walks, and particularly during encounters with unfamiliar dogs.

    Despite the tendency to bark when he hears or sees something out of the ordinary, what can cause neighborhood problems, fits very well in apartment living, as long as you walk at least 20 minutes a day. But, to prevent something bad from happening to you, it is better that this walk be done on a leash. It also, if you have access to a garden, make sure that the latter is perfectly closed, since wandering the big world alone is quite risky for him, in particular because of its small size and its tendency to attack those bigger and stronger than it.

    Intelligent, affectionate and endearing, the Löwchen it does not take long to win the hearts of his family, that you may even end up realizing that you have adapted your lifestyle to that of this new member, reserving your favorite spot on the couch or matching your bedtime and waking time with theirs. Many owners admit that they "belong" to their Little Lion Dog… but they are absolutely delighted with him.

    Curious and sometimes stubborn, this little bundle of joy is sure to delight singles and large families alike. He knows how to make himself loved and fills the lives of those who have time to dedicate to him, but his place is as close to his master as possible: does not about, for example, to make him spend the nights in another place that is not inside the home.

    In short, although their barking and possible difficulty learning grooming can cause difficulties, his affectionate character, His obedient nature and unlimited attachment make him an ideal companion dog - as long as you have time to dedicate to him., and this even without experience. It is undoubtedly a good option for a first dog to adopt.

    Education

    The socialization of Löwchen should be started at an early age, so that it is perfectly balanced in adulthood. In addition to meeting all the members of his family (including other animals in the house), you must get used to all the stimuli and situations that you may encounter later: other people and animals, vehicles, city ​​noises, etc.

    Cleaning training should also be undertaken as soon as you arrive at your new home., at the risk of never being able to correct the bad habits acquired. It is important to take him out as often as possible to relieve himself outside and be vigilant when he is inside, to identify the places you have chosen as toilets.

    Another aspect that must be worked on as soon as possible is that of barking, since the Little Lion Dog tends to bark more than it should. Good socialization and work at this level as part of your education can quickly solve this problem.. As such, an inexperienced owner may need the help of a professional dog trainer.

    But, this dog is smart and learns quickly. His desire to please his owner makes him an easy dog ​​to train, even without much experience. With a little patience, a beginning owner can teach you all the basic commands, like "sit" and "down", and even go further in his education teaching him more advanced tricks.

    It also, if he can have the vocation to participate one day in a dog show and then he will have to raise a lion's mane skin, it is necessary to accustom your partner to shearing when he is still a puppy, so that from then on you will not be afraid of these grooming sessions.

    Being a very emotional dog, the Löwchen can be traumatized by traditional dog training methods. It is advisable to use the positive reinforcement method, rewarding good behavior with lots of caresses, affection and treats.

    Health

    Thanks to the rigorous breeding program carried out in the years 70, the Löwchen it is a very robust breed of dog, who is normally immune to serious inherited diseases, as long as, of course, a breeder of Löwchen responsible.

    The most common health problems of this dog are:

    • Canine eye diseases, like the falls, progressive retinal atrophy or distichiasis, a condition that causes hair to grow on the inside of the eyelids and can be surgically corrected;
    • Hip Dysplasia;
    • Patellar dislocation;
    • congenital deafness, a relatively rare problem outside certain lines.
    Life expectancy

    12 to 14 years

    Grooming

    The Little Lion Dog requires some maintenance effort. In fact, although she changes very little, if it does (which often makes it a recommended dog breed for allergy sufferers), it is recommended to brush it every two or three days to keep its beautiful coat in good condition and avoid knots, that are as unsightly for their owner as they are uncomfortable for him. It is also useful to bathe him about once a month, taking care to use a specific shampoo for dogs.

    When brushing your dog's hair, check your eyes and ears to make sure they are clean and not at risk of infection.

    It also, how he usually spends most of his time indoors, natural wear and tear on the nails is seldom enough, so it is necessary to trim them regularly to avoid embarrassment or even injury.

    Any owner who wants their dog to participate in dog shows should plan to take their companion to the groomer every two months or so, so that you can show off the beautiful mane so typical of the breed. But, it must be remembered here that the dog's coat allows him to conserve heat: if you live in a cold region, shaving it in winter is not necessarily ideal…

    Utility

    The Little Lion Dog has always been a companion dog, and this is still its main function today: be with your family and bring them love and happiness.

    But, can also be useful as an alert dog, barking at the approach of a stranger. Brave, does not hesitate to defend his family, but its size does not allow it to play the role of watchdog.

    They can also be trained to be admirable athletes in obedience and agility competitions..

    He is also a regular at dog shows, where fans can admire the most beautiful specimens of the breed.

    Last, his cheerful and optimistic demeanor allows him to be used as a therapy dog.

    Images "Little Lion Dog (Löwchen)"

    Photos:

    1 – Little Lion Dog by https://pixabay.com/es/photos/perro-lowchen-löwchen-paja-1330537/
    2 – Basil Smile (un perro de Löwchen, Ch Taywill Brillant Roman Basilia) mostrando su rostro by John M. P. Knox from Austin, USA, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
    3 – Lowchen by Jappitoo, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
    4 – Adult Lowchen Gaiting by Jk9dat, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
    5 – This is a 9 month old Lowchen puppy by Jk9dat, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
    6 – Lowchen-10-Ch-Boondock Musicbox Don’t Roll Those Eyes At Me! 02 by Petful

    Videos "Little Lion Dog (Löwchen)"

    Type and recognitions:

    • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
    • Group :
    • Section : . .

    Federations:

    • FCI – Group 9: Companion and Toy Dogs – Section 1.3: Little Lion Dog
    • AKCNon-Sporting
    • ANKC Group 1(Toys)
    • CKCGroup 6 (Non-Sporting)
    • ​KC – Toys
    • NZKCToys
    • UKCCompanion Breeds

    FCI breed standard "Little Lion Dog (Löwchen)"

    Origin:
    France

    Date of publication of the valid original standard:
    24.03.2004

    Use:

    Companion dog.



    General appearance:

    He is a smart little dog full of enthusiasm, with an expression of liveliness and alertness. The set is robust, with good bone structure, short and well proportioned body, the head is high and the silhouette is plump. His step is haughty and determined, accented by the floating mane of the lion arrangement; unshaven parts must be totally natural, in no case should they be sculpted. You must have the lion arrangement for the exhibition.

    important proportions:

    The Little Lion Dog has a square shape. The length of the body (scapular-ischial) is equal to the height at the withers. The length of the muzzle visibly represents the 2/3 the length of the skull.



    Behavior / temperament:

    He is very affectionate and obedient to his masters, is attentive and responsive. He is comfortable in any circumstance and knows how to remain calm and discreet when asked. His frank and tender gaze seeks to understand what is expected of him.

    Head:

    Relatively short and fairly wide from top of skull to muzzle. The head is high.

    Cranial region:
    • Skull: Rather flat, of the same length and breadth.
    • Depression links (Stop): Moderately arched.

    facial region:

    • Truffle: Black (mandatory full pigmentation), except for brown coats and their derivatives: in this case the truffle is dark brown (mandatory full pigmentation). The truffle is found in the prolongation of the nasal canal.
    • Snout: Rather wide, straight.
    • Lips: Well together and blacks, except for brown coats and their derivatives: in this case the lips are dark brown.
    • Jaws/Teeth: Strong and complete teeth, features a scissor-shaped joint. The absence of PM1 is accepted.
    • Eyes: Well positioned in front. They are large, very dark, round, well separated, the gaze should be directed to the front. The eyelids are fully pigmented.
    • Ears: Low insertion ligament (at eye level). They are medium long; if stretched they can reach about half the length of the muzzle. They are dangling and he has thick bangs. The fringes can reach at least to the tip of the nose.

    Neck:

    Good length. It is slightly arched and blends harmoniously with the shoulders and withers.

    Body:

    • top line: It is straight.
    • Pork loin: Short, wide and muscular.
    • Breast : Well developed, descends to the elbows.
    • Belly: Well up

    Tail:

    Insertion very slightly below the back line. She appears gracefully hunched over her back, although without touching her, only the plume touches it, both when the dog is perched, like when in motion.

    Tips

    Former members:

    They are well poised.

    • Shoulder : well laid, well mobile, well musculosome omoplatos.
    • Elbows : Well applied to the body.
    • Metacarpus : Seen from the front, they are short and straight. Seen in profile, they are very slightly bent.
    • Pies : Small and round. Fingers are tightly knit and well arched.
    Later members:

    They are well poised.

    • Thighs and legs : Well muscled. The length of the tibia is equal to that of the femur. The tip of the gluteus is slightly protruding.
    • Hock : Pretty strong. The tip is located approximately ¼ of the height at the withers. Angulation is normal.
    • Metatarsals : Robust, well perpendicular to the ground.
    • Pies : Small and round, the fingers are arched and together.

    Movement:

    It is agile, energetic and spacious. The limbs are well parallel when the dog is in action. The bearing of the head is haughty.

    Mantle

    • Fur: Pretty silky, long, wavy, dense; there is no presence of an undercoat of hair.
    • Color: All colors or color combination are accepted.


    Size and weight:

    • Size: 26 to 32 cm to the cross, with a tolerance of 1 cm more or less.
    • Weight: Some 6 kg.


    Fouls:

    Any deviation from the aforementioned criteria is considered a fault and its seriousness is considered to the degree of the deviation to the standard and its consequences on the health and well-being of the dog..

    disqualifying fouls:
    • Aggressiveness or extreme shyness.
    • Any dog ​​showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities.
    • Total or partial depigmentation of the nose, from the edge of the lips and eyelids or any color other than black, or another color other than dark brown in brown coats and its derivatives.
    • Splattered nose.
    • Absence of one or more incisors or a canine.
    • Non-consecutive absence of two teeth (PM2, PM3, Lower PM4).
    • Consecutive absence of two teeth (PM2, PM3, Lower PM4. • Absence of a carnivore (PM4 superior, Lower M1) or any other molar, except an M3.
    • Upper or lower prognathism.
    • Eyes: small, macaroons, globular, too light or different in color.
    • Entropion, ectropion.
    • Ears that are not long enough or no bangs.
    • Ring-shaped curled tail.
    • Fur: curly, too short, no waviness.
    • Severe anatomical deformation.


    N.B.:
    • Males should have two normal-appearing testicles fully descended into the scrotum..
    • Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with the typical conformation of the breed, should be used for parenting.

    Source: F.C.I - International Cynological Federation

    Alternative names:

    1. Löwchen (English).
    2. Löwchen (French).
    3. Petit chien lion (German).
    4. Löwchen (Portuguese).
    5. Löwchen (español).