The Todl`s Parakeet(Pyrrhura picta caeruleiceps) It is generally green with the forehead and areas around the eyes, dark red.
In flight the dark red stain is very evident abdomen. Wings below greyish. The crown and nape they are blue; the front and sides of the strip head, red and scaly appearance of the chest with wider margins. This subspecies is included within the species Pyrrhura picta.
Notes:
Historically, classification of Pyrrhura picta caeruleiceps (Todd 1947) He has been subject to opinions found. While some authors recognize this taxon at the species level, others consider it a subspecies of Pyrrhura subandina (Todd 1947) or Pyrrhura picta (Meyer de Schauensee 1949), the latter being the most widely followed classification (Hilty & Brown 1986, pit et to the. 1997, Rodríguez & Hernandez-Camacho 2002). Based on analysis of morphological characters, Joseph (2000) and Joseph & Stockwell (2002) suggested that P. caeruleiceps should be considered as a distinct phylogenetic species and that the taxon Pyrrhura pantchenkoi (Phelps 1977), described from two specimens with worn plumage, is its synonym. Hilty (2003) He continued this treatment, but the classification committee Bird South America of the American Ornithologists’ Union recently it considered that existing information was insufficient to support this taxonomic change according to the biological species concept and kept provisionally caeruleiceps like a subspecies of painted parakeet (Remsen et al. 2010).
They inhabit in humid jungle, semi-humid and low cloud forests. Nest sizable trees in abandoned nests of other species.
Distribution:
The enigmatic and little known Todl`s Parakeet(Pyrrhura picta caeruleiceps) It has a very restricted range in the rainforest, mainly between 500 and 900 Attitude meters along the border between Colombia and Venezuela, as well as patches of tropical forest in the foothills of the Serrania del Perija.
Its Freedom population It is believed to be about 30 to 50 individuals.
Conservation:
State of conservation ⓘ
Endangered ⓘ(UICN)ⓘ
The forest loss and fragmentation are the main threats facing this bird, but the species is also trapped and kept in cages as a pet. According to the categories of UICN It is considered In danger (IN), mainly due to the habitat destruction.
Origin: Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia
Character: shy
Life expectancy: ---
Height: 33 to 38 cm..
Content
Description
33 to 38 cm.. tall and 300 g. of weight.
The Scaly-naped Amazon (Amazona mercenarius) it is the only amazon in mountainous areas.
General coloring green, with the feathers of the chest with black border, It is distinguished by having the wingtip yellow with orange spots, and external feathers tail tricolor with blue base, middle part red and yellow tip.
Bill pale gray area at the base of jaw; irises orange; legs brown.
Both sexes are similar. It is thought that immature they are similar to adults.
(Cabanis, 1874) – Speculum red absent. bases outer secondaries marked with brown spots. Some specimens show scattered red feathers crown, the throat top of the chest.
Andean and sub-Andean forests permanently cloudy between 1200 and 3000 m. Occasionally in warm floor and cultivated land.
Usually in pairs or groups of 30 to 40 individuals.
Reproduction:
They have reported evidence reproduction between March and May in Colombia. Nest and eggs not yet described. The incubation period apparently it lasts 25 and 26 days.
Food:
Little information on their diet, but he has seen taking figs and fruit unidentified in Colombia.
In Colombia they have been observed down to attack corn fields.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 3.160.000 km2
Andes from Venezuela to the North of Bolivia.
Distribution 2 subspecies
Amazona mercenarius canipalliata
(Cabanis, 1874) – Andes of Colombia to northwest Venezuela and Ecuador.
Amazona mercenarius mercenarius
(Tschudi, 1844) – Nominal. Andes North of Peru to the North of Bolivia; a single record in Argentina.
Conservation:
State of conservation ⓘ
Minor Concern ⓘ(UICN)ⓘ
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.
• Population trend: Decreasing.
Justification of the population
The population size World has not been quantified, but this species is described as «quite common» (Stotz et to the., 1996).
Justification of trend
It is suspected that the population is in decline due to the continuous habitat destruction.
Sources:
– Parrot Book, Parrots and macaws Neotropical
– avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
The head of the Red-throated Lorikeet(Charmosyna amabilis) is green with lores and chin red. Upperparts green. Wings internal and ends with green feathers flight feather color black. Throat red, bordered below by a narrow yellow collar; rest of the underparts with a yellowish green that upperparts, particularly in the center of belly; the thighs red. The tail above green a little darker than the rump, with yellow ends; undertail yellow. Bill orange; irises yellow; legs orange-red.
Male and female are equal.
Immature generally duller. The the thighs dull purple. The yellow band throat much weaker than in adults and the red facial and marks throat more restricted.
Habitat:
Move by tropical forests, mainly over the 500 m. Son nomads and fly in pairs or small flocks of 5-8 birds in search of flowering trees, uniting to feed on flowers, nectar and pollen. They prefer to feed in the canopy, and although it is apparently ejected away from the areas of power by the aggressive Collared Lory, Holyoak He found two species feeding on the same tree during his remarks in 1973.
Reproduction:
Breeding and nesting habits unknown.
Food:
They feed actively, to often hung upside down to get to flores.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 37.100 km2
endemic to the Fiji Islands where it is rare and usually only moves above 500 meters and below 1.000 m. Is distributed between in Viti Levu, Ovalau (where it may now be extinct), Vanua Levu and Taveuni. In 1973 Holyoak found at a Red-throated Lorikeet on a wooded Ridge around 250 metres in Viti Levu, species you saw or heard on five different days while exploring Taveuni thinking that the species was widespread in the rainy forests at an altitude between 550 and 1,000 m. The species was also recorded in rainforests between 120 meters and 980 feet by Martyn L. Gorman (1975), but it is said that they are rare. These records are among the few documented sightings of this century. The world's population is believed to be of less than 10.000 specimens. Despite its apparent rarity, This species may be overlooked due to their unobtrusive plumage and behavior.
Conservation:
• Current IUCN Red List category: Critical Hazard
• Population trend: Decreasing
Threats to the lowlands and hills of the forest is slowly being erased much of Fiji. But, the rarity and assumed decline of this species is probably largely the result of predation by introduced mammals, especially Black Rat (Rattus rattus) , as it is the case with the closely related New Caledonian Lorikeet (Charmosyna diadema).
Increases in course in the logging and the expansion of the road network, especially around the Highlands of Monasavu and Serua in Viti Levu, It is likely that you have caused an increase of the density of these rats (Watling 2000, G. Dutson in litt. 2005). The Indian Brown Mongoose (Herpestes fuscus) introduced, is also present in the areas of distribution of the Red-throated Lorikeet and it can be a threat (V. Masibalavu in litt. 2012).
Agricultural expansion is encroaching on primary forest in Taveuni. Have a distribution in mountains close to the maximum altitude within its distribution area, It also makes this potentially susceptible species to climate change (BirdLife International).
Is species is protected by the laws of Fiji. In Viti Levu, dwells within the Tomaniivi nature reserve, but this is not large enough to maintain a resident population and, Despite the creation of the extension Wabu proposal to make a reservation of adequate size, this would not provide better protection against rats if the reserve is kept unmanaged (D. Watling in litt. 2000)
"Red-throated Lorikeet" in captivity:
Unknown in captivity.
Alternative names:
– Red-throated Lorikeet, Red throated Lorikeet (ingles).
– Lori à gorge rouge (French).
– Rothöschen (German).
– Lori de Garganta Roja, Lori Gorgirrojo (español).
45 cm. of length and weight approximate of 280 g..
The Red Shining-Parrot(Prosopeia tabuensis) It is the most distinctive of the colorful parrots of Fiji. It is a large parrot.
Their coloration are distinguished from the other two species. Its head, neck and underparts a brilliant scarlet hues with a blue collar extending behind the neck; the back and tail are a bright green. The flight feather and tail they are green, strongly impregnated with blue.
The bill and legs are black, and irises are orange.
The males and females they are similar, However, the bill the male is larger and the head It has a more square than the females form.
(Layard,THE) 1876 – 40 cm.. length approximately; more small that it nominal species, without the band blue on the nape, the feathers of the abdomen with a tone more blue and with the face less blackish.
Habitat:
The Red Shining-Parrot are distributed in the mature forests and through a variety of associated habitats, including the of secondary growth, wooded ravines (nest), coconut plantations, Gardens of villages, agricultural fields, mangroves and scrub.
There has been starting from the 100 meters of altitude until the 1.750, but they are most common between the 400 and 1.000 m.
The Red Shining-Parrot they are suspicious, curious and You can see them individually, in pairs or in flocks of up to 40 individuals outside the breeding season. they are not shy, and loud groups tend to meet in their favotitos places to eat.
They tend to rest on the tops of the trees.
Reproduction:
The Red Shining-Parrot perch upright and turn head rhythmically back and forth, probably showing a form of courtship.
The breeding is in the months from July to October, in trees dead or broken, the female feeds the young.
Of 2-3 eggs that is hatch during 23-24 days.
The juveniles they can fly to the 8 weeks.
Food:
Feeding of the fruits and seeds a variety of trees, for example, Myristica hypargyraea, that is of particular importance in 'USA. They also feed on MangoMangifera indica, papayaCarica papaya, guava Psidium guajava and bananas. Son agile climbers and move in search of food using their beaks to rely on small branches. Sujentan foods with their claws, since they bite with its powerful beak, and they chew the wood to remove insect larvae.
They feed mainly in the upper canopy, but sometimes also attack the cornfields.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 6.200 km2
The Red Shining-Parrot they are distributed in a natural way in the islands of the Group Fiji including Vanua Levu, KIOA, Taveuni, Qamea, Laucala, Koro and Gau (probably introduced). In Tonga, the species was introduced in Tongatapu prior to contact with the European and where it has already extinct due to habitat loss, and in 'USA where it is still quite common, especially in the forests of the East, North and South-West (with a population estimated between 700- 1.000 birds in 1988).
The species benefits, in part, Thanks to agriculture, but they depend largely on its nest in mature trees of the forest, trees that are being cleared in most of its extension. The species is also threatened by trade, and it is also hunted for its feathers and as food.
Many juveniles are caught to be raised locally as pets, Since they learn to talk easily.
Its population is believed that it may be above the 20.000 specimens, but of the subspecies prosopeia remaining, probably, less than 5.000 birds and its status is of concern.
There has been a sharp decline in the population of the Red Shining-Parrot in some areas due to habitat loss, although the species remains locally common at lower elevations on most of its islands.
The size of the world population It has not been quantified, but the species is described as common and visible throughout its area of distribution (Watling 2001).
The population It is suspected that it may be in decline due to ongoing habitat destruction.
"Red Shining-Parrot" in captivity:
Very rare in captivity.
According to sources, one specimen was still alive after 6,8 years in captivity. Taking into account the longevity of the similar species, the maximum longevity in these animals could be underestimated. Es un hecho que estos animales pueden vivir hasta 23.7 years in captivity, aunque en esta especie no ha sido verificado.
Approximately from 55 cm.. length and 525 g. weight.
The Red-fronted Macaw(Ara rubrogenys) they are the smallest of the large macaws.
They have forecrown, former Lords, crown and some ear-coverts bright orange red. back of the crown, nape and the mantle olive green color orange color in some feather-tipped; scapulars color marron-oliva; rump and uppertail-coverts olive green, pale that the of the the mantle. Lesser coverts, bend of wing and carpal edge orange-red; median olive green, some pale orange tips, the outermost impregnated blue; greater coverts mostly blue, back more olive at the body; vane outer primary blue, olive green internal. Underwing-coverts juvenile red-orange, remaining the rest of green olive beige.
The underparts olive green with the the thighs red. Upper, the the tail feathers color olive green suffusion blue tip blue and; undertail, olive green yellowish.
The bill dark grey; the bare area of the subsequent Lords and upper cheeks, white crossed with narrow lines of dark brown feathers; Orange the irises; perioftalmico ring white; legs dark grey.
Both sexes similar.
Immature more opaque, with less extensive orange-red color in the head and in the ear-coverts and without the orange-red in the wing
.
Another fundamental characteristic of the habitat of the Red-fronted Macaw they are the steep slopes and coastal cliffs unchanged to that used for nesting and roosting sites.
Often share space with communities of farmers who used the land of valleys with climates mesothermic to plant peanuts, corn and other cereals, the same people who are part of the diet of the Red-fronted Macaw.
They are birds social and rarely stands alone. Are often seen flying in small groups of 3 to 5 individuals. For most activities such as feeding or roosting they congregate in large groups of 20 to 30 individuals. They rest frequently during the middle of the day in the hottest hours. Activity level largely depends on age and number of macaws in the group.
Reproduction:
Observed nests loose or in colonies in ravine holes on the banks of rivers. In rainy season the egg laying It has been reported in the months November-April. They are of 1 to 3 eggs per season, usually two, and incubation lasts around 26 days. Most pairs fledge one young per year..
They form bonds of monogamous they maintain throughout the year. Even in the off-season of breeding, the copula and preening appear exclusively between the consolidated couple, presumably to maintain their bond.
Generally speaking they are not territorial, but during the breeding season You can defend the area surrounding the cavity of the nest.
But, natural food is often scarce and birds feed on, to a large extent, of crop plants, especially the peanutsArachis hypogaea and corn unripened.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 27.100 km2
The Red-fronted Macaw being endemic to a small area in the East of the Andes, in the Center-South of Bolivia, from the South of Cochabamba and West Santa Cruz, passing by Chuquisaca, to the East of potosi, mainly in the valleys of Rio Grande, Mizque and Pilcomayo.
The full range estimate is of 20,000 km², with 18,000 km² in Grand / system of Mizque and 2.000 km² in the valley of the Pilcomayo, between 1.100 and 2.500 m (local after breeding at 3,000m).
They perform many Local movements in response to the availability of food.
Locally common, but declining and endangered at the global level.
The population of the Red-fronted Macaw (Ara rubrogenys) is estimated between 1.000-4.000 individuals, more or less equivalent to a strip between 670-2,700 mature individuals.
This species has a very small population and decreasing. Conservative estimates suggest that all subpopulations are extremely small. So, qualified as endangered.
Conservation status:
Is located in the Appendix I to the International Convention on the trafficking of endangered species of Fauna and Flora (CITES). Its capture, transport and export is prohibited by Bolivian law. However is captured by live bird catchers for the illegal trade and is pursued in an intensive way for the farmers that the consider a plague for their corn and peanut crops.
Its natural habitat It is being impaired activities human unsustainable as indiscriminate logging and grazing goats envelope. Approximately the 40% of the natural vegetation of the valleys inhabited by these macaws have been converted into agricultural land since 1991. As native vegetation is losing the exhibition of the Macaw of Cochabamba in the growing areas to search for food is greater. The continuous illegal capture, most of the illegal trade is domestic but some species are marketed in Peru.
Conservation measures:
The presence of small populations inside national parks Amboro and Torotoro, they constitute an effective conservation measure.
The Harmony Association It has a long range project in the Mizque River through which it works with peasant families to protect nesting cliffs.
in addition, in 2006, a was opened ecotourism stay that promotes conservation of this bird in time of generating profits for the local community; It also plans to establish a protected area in that site. Additionally, in 1992, 5000 posters of protection of this species and its habitat were apparently well received in the region, as a secondary measure to preserve it.
"Red-fronted Macaw" in captivity:
Uncommon in captivity.
It is an extremely intelligent and curious bird that has the ability to imitate the human voice, Although the indigenous people of Bolivia refer to them as "donkey birds", due to their inability to speak. All skills require a training; holders of these birds breeders give proof of how easy it is to talk.
With regard to its longevity, according to sources, a pair of these macaws still breed after 23 years in captivity. It has been reported that these animals can live up to 36,2 years in captivity, something possible, but that has not been verified; the same study reported that these animals can reproduce at the age of 3 years in captivity.
Due to the few specimens that are released and their situation in danger of extinction, The Red-fronted Macaw only recommended for experienced handlers and breeders.
Alternative names:
– Red-fronted Macaw, Lafresnaye’s Macaw, Red fronted Macaw, Red-cheeked Macaw (English).
– Ara de Lafresnaye, Ara rubrogenys (French).
– Rotohrara (German).
– Arara-de-fronte-vermelha (Portuguese).
– Guacamayo de Cochabamba, Guacamayo Dorado, Guacamaya frente roja (español).
– Paraba frente roja (Bolivia).
– Qaqa Loro (Quechua).
Frédéric de Lafresnaye
scientific classification:
– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittacidae
– Genus: ARA
– Scientific name: Ara rubrogenys
– Citation: Lafresnaye, 1847
– Protonimo: Ara Rubro-woodpecker
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Photos:
(1) – Red-fronted Macaw at Berlin Zoological Garden, Germany. Some of the tail feathers are not clean By Konstantinos K [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Two Red-fronted Macaws at Tulsa Zoo, Oklahoma, USA By originally posted to Flickr at Tulsa Zoo – Parrots and uploaded to Commons at Ara_rubrogenys_-Tulsa_Zoo,_Oklahoma,_USA-8a.jpg: Doug Wertman from Rogers, AR, USAderivative work: Snowmanradio (Ara_rubrogenys_-Tulsa_Zoo,_Oklahoma,_USA-8a.jpg) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – A Red-fronted Macaw at Wilhelma Zoo, Stuttgart, Germany By Kathrin Gaißer (PapageiUploaded by snowmanradio) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – A Red-fronted Macaw flying at Doué la Fontaine zoo, France By frank wouters (originally posted to Flickr as papegaai) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Red-fronted Macaw (Ara rubrogenys) head By Benjamin Graves (originally posted to Flickr as Red Fronted Macaw) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Red-fronted Macaw (Ara rubrogenys) on a branch in the foreground By derivative work: Snowmanradio (talk)Red-fronted_Macaw_(Ara rubrogenys)_-on_branch.jpg: Balaji Dutt M V [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – Red-fronted Macaw in the Walsrode Bird Park, Germany By Quartl (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(8) – A Red-fronted Macaw at Jurong Bird Park By Peter Tan (Red-fronted MacawUploaded by Snowmanradio) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(9) – Red-fronted Macaw – Jurong BirdPark, Singapore By Doug Janson (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 or GFDL], via Wikimedia Commons
(10) – Illustration Ara rubrogenys (Red-fronted Macaw) by Marc Athanase Parfait Oeillet Des Murs [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
The Red-spectacled Parrot(Amazona pretrei) has the forecrown, lores, fore crown and upper cheeks up to the ear-coverts, bright red; back of the crown, nape, the mantle, back and rump, green with a narrow terminal band black in most feathers; scapulars green; uppertail-coverts pale green. Leading edge of wing, carpal area, alula and primary coverts, bright red; other coverts, narrow green with black tips.
Flight feathers, violet blue green tips. Under wings green. The underparts they are mostly green, slightly tinged with yellowish, with black tips on most feathers giving a scalloped effect; the thighs red; undertail-coverts pale yellowish green. Tail green with broad pale yellowish-green tip and patches of red on base of innerwebs of the three feathers outermost. The bill pale yellow with pale orange based on upper jaw; bare periophthalmic white; iris orange; legs gris pardusco.
The female probably it shows much less red in the wing
with the carpal edge and primary coverts, mostly or completely green. Immature apparently similar to female adult.
Note Taxonomy:
It´s monotype. It is sometimes considered conspecific with Amazona tucumana, but they are best treated as forming a superspecies.
This rider is strongly associated with forests Araucaria angustifolia for use as roosts non-breeding season. It prefers open savanna forests and low riparian forests for reproduction, with trees and conifers of the genus Podocarpus, Scutia and Celtis and where they are absent Araucaria angustifolia. Most records place her at altitudes between 300-1.000 m, but they are distributed and breed at lower elevations in southern Rio Grande do Sul.
They disperse in pairs during breeding but are highly gregarious outside of breeding season. They form large concentrations community, often in plantations pinus exotic and Eucalyptus. The largest winter meetings coincide with the ripening seeds araucaria. flocks of 30 to 50 birds, composed of young adults and newborns, They may meet before the dispersion, from breeding areas to winter quarters.
Reproduction:
The Red-spectacled Parrotnest in tree hollows, for example, Casearia, Ouillaja brasiliensis and Ficus. With reproduce at the end of September to January, with young people and fledglings, usually, in early December in the south. Clutch 2-4 eggs.
The diurnal movements cover up 100 km, perhaps in relation with the availability of food.
Distribution and status:
Size of its range (breeding/resident ): 95.400 km2
This species is endemic to South Brazil and distributed only in the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina (Martínez, 1996). Some individuals have been recorded in the forests Missions, in the northeast of Argentina (Chebez 1994) and they have recently also been reported from Paraguay (sec Lowcn et al., 1997).
Reductions in seed supply Araucaria They may have been the cause of change in the feeding of Ecological Station Aracuri-Esmeralda in 1991 (Municipality of many capons) to areas around Southeast Santa Catarina. Here the remaining forest patches of Araucaria They can provide enough seed to feed the populations Red-spectacled Parrot. The intensive cattle grazing and agriculture have almost eradicated habitat Araucaria. These habitat impacts have reduced natural regeneration and may also have reduced the number of nesting sites in old trees..
a census in 1994 It estimated the total population of the Red-spectacled Parrot in 10.000 individuals, Repeated surveys have shown the sizes of the nearby population 12.600 individuals in 1996. and about 16.300 individuals in 1997 (J. Martinez in litigation 1997, N. Prestes in the proceedings 1997).
Conservation:
State of conservation ⓘ
Vulnerable ⓘ(UICN)ⓘ
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Vulnerable.
• Population trend: Decreasing.
Rationale for the Red List category
The combination of a comparison of population estimates 1971 and 1997 and deforestation rates over the same period suggest that the species has declined rapidly, qualifying the species as Vulnerable. Current threats loss of habitat and capture suggest that this decline is likely to continue.
Justification of trend
Se sospecha una continued rapid population decline due to destruction, degradation and fragmentation of habitat and illegal trade.
Conservation Actions Underway
• Appendix I and II of CITES.
• This species is considered Vulnerable nationwide (Silveira y Straube 2008, MMA 2014) and protected Brazilian law.
• There are breeding populations in five reserves and two southern winter feeding sites are protected. (Wege and Long 1995).
• Nevertheless, less than 1% Annual range, and less than 4% of each seasonal range is within protected areas (Marini et al., 2010).
• Provided artificial nests but not occupied (Snyder et to the ., 2000).
• Since 1991 It is conducting a campaign public awareness (Prestes et al . , 1997, Snyder et to the . 2000).
Conservation Actions Proposed
• Carry out surveys to obtain an estimate of the population size updated.
• Carry out periodic surveys to assess the population trends.
• Study the current levels of off-take for the trade.
• Apply the law to collectors and, especially, dealerships, Looking for vehicles between December and February (Prestes et al ., 1997).
• Continue the campaign of sensitization.
The Red-spectacled Parrot in captivity:
Unknown until years 80, when a few reached Europe; not well known elsewhere.
relatively silent compared to other Amazonian species. Inquisitivas although generally quiet. have a nice nature, but they can occasionally be quite noisy, especially first thing in the morning and evening. They become confident relatively quickly. outside the breeding season, They can be set in a colony system. chewing hard and excellent flying and stair climbers, so they need ample opportunities for exercise.
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
Photos:
(1) – Red-spectacled Amazon that is kept as a pet in Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil By Marie (originally posted to Flickr as Perroquet familial) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – A pet Red-spectacled Amazon in a parrot cage. It is 32 cm land and 295 gm in wt By Amazona_pretrei_-bird_cage-8c.jpg: Andrea O Guimarães derivative work: Snowmanradio [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Red-spectacled Amazon that is kept as a pet in Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Some of its wing feathers are clipped By Amazona_pretrei_-Rio_Grande_do_Sul_-Brazil-8e.jpg: Mariederivative work: Snowmanradio [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Red-spectacled Amazon that is kept as a pet in Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil By Marie [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Amazona pretrei, a native of the southernmost Brasil. Specimen in Palmitos Park, Gran Canaria By Bjoertvedt (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 or GFDL], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – A pet Red-spectacled Amazon in captivity. It has a ring on its right leg By Andrea O Guimarães (originally posted to Flickr as I’m watching you) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – Red-spectacled Amazon that is kept as a pet in Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil By Marie (originally posted to Flickr as Temporaire) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(8) – Red-spectacled Amazon that is kept as a pet in Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil By Marie (originally posted to Flickr as Calins… :)) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(9) – A pet Red-spectacled Amazon in a parrot cage. It is 32 cm land and 295 gm in wt By Andrea O Guimarães [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(10) – Amazona pretrei = Psittacus pretei = Priest Parrot By Jean-Gabriel Prêtre (1768–1849) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
The Reischek's Parakeet(Cyanoramphus hochstetteri). They are named after the Austrian ornithologist and taxidermist «Andreas Reischek«, the first scientist to visit the Antipodes Islands. He was a passenger of Stella and reached the Antipodes Islands in February 1888.
It is one of two species of parakeets Cyanoramphus who live in remote Antipodes Islands. It is a medium-sized green parrot, brightly colored, the outer flight feathers are light blue with a crown red, which looks a lot like other parakeets of "red crown" (for example, Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae). But appearances are deceptive. Genetic studies reveal that crown color may not be a good indicator of parakeet taxonomy, and the tiny Malherbe's parakeet(Cyanoramphus malherbi) It may be the closest relative of Reischek's Parakeet. It is common in all Antipodes Islands, particularly in more open areas and along shorelines close to penguin colonies.
The Reischek's Parakeet They are more abundant than Antipodes parakeet(Cyanoramphus unicolor) in most habitats. Significant differences were observed in diet between the two species of parakeets. are also evident strong seasonal and annual differences in diet related food availability. The Reischek's Parakeet They are strong fliers and have been observed flying between islands within the Antipodes group.
Social behavior is similar to other species of parakeets Cyanoramphus, but have been observed to spend considerable periods basking and preening in sheltered areas. Like other species Cyanoramphus, are strongly territorial around nests, and they call loudly and chase intruders from nearby.
They are usually found in pairs or, more commonly, in small groups that feed on or near the ground. You can often see them in meetings springs and wells isolated. Occasionally they flock fly to neighboring islands in search of food.
Reproduction:
We know relatively little about the breeding of the Reischek's Parakeet. Apparently nest from October to March inside tunnels modified or built inside the bases of groups of tussocks or ferns. The nest is lined with small pieces of wood, feathers, moss, herbs and other dry materials. They can reuse nests each year.
clutch size is unknown in nature. Its ecology and reproductive behavior are likely to be similar to those of other parrots. Cyanoramphus.
Food:
It has been recorded feeding on leaves, flowers, berries and seeds 14 plant species. Invertebrates are a minor component of the diet. The Reischek's Parakeet occasionally feed carcasses petreles and albatrosses, but not as often as Antipodes parakeet(Cyanoramphus unicolor). They feed on the floor often, including mud and feces accumulated within colonies antipodean penguin (Eudyptes sclateri) unoccupied, when penguins are away on their winter migration.
Distribution:
The Reischek's Parakeet is endemic of the Antipodes Islands. It is common in all the Antipodes Islands, particularly in more open areas and along shorelines close to penguin colonies.
Conservation:
• According to the New Zealand Threat Classification System of 2008: Vulnerable.
• Population trend: Stable.
• Population size : 4000-6000 individuals.
The Reischek's Parakeet apparently they have a stable population, and are common within their distribution area of 2,000 has. They are protected by the isolated situation of the islands and their status Natural reserve strict. The greatest threat to long-term survival Reischek's Parakeet is the arrival of mammalian predators. In the winter of 2016 we attempted to eradicate the mice Antipodes Islands.
The species is also affected negatively by forestry operations: logging and burning have drastically reduced the available habitat, and selective logging can reduce the number of trees with suitable nesting holes and foraging opportunities..
It was hunted by Maori to feed, and previously it was persecuted because birds were damaging crops and orchards.
"Reischek's Parakeet" in captivity:
Son confident from the beginning and not at all shy. Usually they are ready to breed in captivity. Although they are ripe (about five months), It is best not to allow them to play in the first year.
Alternative names:
– Antipodes Island Parakeet, Antipodes Red-crowned (English).
– Perruche de Reischek, Perruche des Antipodes (French).
– Antipoden-Ziegensittich (German).
– Periquito de Reischek (Portuguese).
– Perico de Reischek, Perico Frentirrojo de las Antípodas (español).
• Avibase
• Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
• Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
• Greene, T.C. 2013 [updated 2017]. Reischek's parakeet. In Miskelly, C.M. (ed.) New Zealand Birds Online. www.nzbirdsonline.org.nz
The Red-eared Parakeet(Pyrrhura hoematotis) It is distinguishable by the Brown of the forecrown with edges bluish to them feathers; cheeks green; crown and feathers of nape Green with tips more pale and yellowish. The upperparts green. Primary coverts and maybe some feathers in the area of the carpus, blue; other coverts green. Primaries Blue with black tips. Under wings with the lesser coverts green, the others coverts black. Throat and chest Brown olive with tones dark; margins to some feathers create a pattern squamous; sides neck also with effect squamous; belly and undertail-coverts Green with a patch Brown mal-definido in the center of the belly. Upper, the tail of color brown with tips from color olive; undertail, of color copper. Bill of color bone pink; Iris and legs brown.
Both of them sexes are similar. Immature not described.
(Zimmer & Phelps, 1944) – It has a narrow red line above the bill. What nominal but chest and sides of neck more green and with a pickling less obvious. Not there are tips yellowish in the feathers of the crown and nape.
Habitat:
They inhabit in montane and cloud forests with open areas and trees of low dispersion, often at the edge or in clear, mainly in altitudes of 1.000-2.000 m, Although there are report of the species at altitudes between 600 and 2.400 m. It is estimated that he performs altitudinal migrations. Gregaria, mainly seen in groups of 3-12 outside the breeding season, rarely in flocks of up to 100 individuals.
Reproduction:
Probably it breeding season be in the month of August (rainy season).
Food:
Poorly documented diet and breeding: the food known include guava (Psidium) and petioles some leafy trees, possibly to extract larvae of insects.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 14.300 km2
To the Red-eared Parakeet is known only in the coastal mountains north of Venezuela, with the westernmost record observed in Cubiro, Lara, the eastern-most in Miranda. But, Most of the records are from Aragua in Miranda; Cubiro is in fact the only known site in Lara and the population there is apparently discontinuous (subspecies Pyrrhura hoematotis immarginata). Diurnal movements occur from the mountains of the Highlands until the lowest feeding areas; also apparently some local seasonal movements guided by the availability of food.
Fairly common in most of its more restricted range and especially numerous in the Henri Pittier National Park; its status in Lara It is unknown. Much habitat right remains within the range outside the areas protected, and there is a rate of deforestation relatively low, but with constant habitat loss around Cubiro.
(1) – Venezuelan endemic Red-eared Parakeet (Pyrrhura hoematotis) photographed in captivity in Mérida, Venezuela By http://www.birdphotos.com (Own work) [CC BY 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Perico tail Red [Blood-eared Parakeet] (Pyrrhura hoematotis hoematotis) Place: The deer, Park national the Avila by barloventomagico – Flickr
(3) – Bando of parrots parakeet place: The deer, Park national Guaraira Repano by barloventomagico – Flickr
(4) – Pyrrhura hoematotis by Diana register – Flickr
(5) – Pyrrhura hoematotis by Diana register – Flickr
(6) – Iconographie des perroquets: Paris :P. Bertrand,1857 by Biodiversity Heritage Library – Flickr
Endangered ⓘ (UICN)ⓘ
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