25 cm.. height.

The Santa Marta Parakeet (Pyrrhura viridicata) It, in general, green, with a characteristic red stripe in the middle of the chest which continues until shoulder and armpit. The scales of the chest is less evident; the flight feathers blue. Band front narrow red in the forecrown and behind the eye with red and yellow dye. Tail over green and below red opaque.

Bill color bone; brown iris; pale black legs. It has no sexual dimorphism.

• Sound of the Santa Marta Parakeet.

It inhabits in humid mountain forest, clouded forest, pastures and edges, from 1900 to 2800 m. They fly at dawn and at dusk in compact and numerous flocks on the canopy of the forest. Is les has observed flying over them clear adjacent and each time more visiting them mulberry plantations.

The species rests and nests in couples and in lesser proportion in groups of three individuals in cavities of Palms of bouquet Ceroxylon ceriferum (Arecaceae).

The period reproductive is starts in December and lasts until June, the cavities are visited on average 4 to 5 times a day. There is a sexual dimorphism and a low reproductive success can be associated with displacement or predation by the Aratinga wagleri wagleri (Scarlet-fronted Parakeet) or the Santa Marta Toucanet (Aulacorhynchus lautus prassinus) – Ramphastidae.

Twelve plant species are incorporated into the diet so far known to the Santa Marta Parakeet, It consists mainly of flowers and fruits, the inflorescence of the Croton bogotanus (Euphorbiaceae) is their main source of food. It forages in groups of size variable, presenting an integration and disintegration of subgroups throughout the day. A sentinel system was observed.

Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 1,600 km2

Endemic species of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, to the northeast of Colombia. The towns registered include The Summit, is of Taquiña on the basis of the Páramo of Mamarongo in the Guajira, and Cerro Quemado in the mountains of San Lorenzo.

Will produce some movements altitudinal seasonal. Almost all the habitat forest subtropical is designated as reserve forest or Park national, but the clearing for plantations of marijuana has been extensive, similar to the use of herbicides to combat it. So it only remains for the 15% the original forest (especially in the hillsides North), including only 200 the preferred height of the species km2. Fairly common within this very restricted range, but the population probably below of the 5.000 birds.

State of conservation ⓘ
Endangered ⓘ (UICN)ⓘ

• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: In danger of extinction.

• Population trend: Decreasing.

Rationale for the Red List category

The range of this species and its small population are probably decreasing as a result of habitat loss. So, qualifies as in danger.

Justification of the population

The population It has been estimated for a long time between 5.000 and 10.000 individuals, equivalent approximately to 3.300-6.700 mature individuals. The density of population is of 1 Ave per km2 (Botero-Delgadillo et to the. 2012). Assuming that the 680 km2 of habitat are fully occupied, the population total is calculated that is 2,900-4,800 birds, which is equivalent to 1,933-3,200 mature individuals; But, with occupation part is likely to remain less than 2.500 birds (Botero-Delgadillo et to the. 2012).

Justification of trend

Se sospecha una decrease moderate and continuous of the population on the basis of the rates of habitat loss.

Threats

only one left 15% the original vegetation of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, to a large extent on the slope North, where this species is found (LM Renjifo, Com. 1993, 2000).

The main current threat is the expansion of plantations of non-native trees, such as the of Pine and eucalyptus, in addition to the clearing of land for livestock (C. Olaciregui in litt. 2012).

· Historically, the conversion of forests in plantations of marijuana and coca was also a major threat (LG Olarte in litt., 1993, com LM Renjifo. Comm., 1993, J. Fjeldså verbally they 2000, pers LM Renjifo. Comm., 2000, C. Olaciregui in litt. 2012), that is compounded by the Government with application of herbicides in the sierra (LG Olarte in litt., 1993, com LM Renjifo. Comm., 1993, 2000).

Other threats that followed the human migration to the area Since the Decade of 1950 hereafter include slash & burn (Dinerstein et to the., 1995, Snyder et to the. 2000, Salazar and Strewe undated, PGW Salaman in litt. 1999).

· It is known to be hunted in the cold river valley, and in the San Pedro district individuals in mulberry plantations have skyrocketed. The species not found in the local bird trade (Strewe 2005).

Not marketed for captive.

– Santa Marta Parakeet, Santa Marta Conure (English).
– Conure des Santa Marta, Perriche de Santa Marta, Perruche de Santa Marta (French).
– Santa-Marta-Sittich, Santa Marta Sittich, Sittich (German).
– Santa Marta Parakeet (Portuguese).
– Cotorra de Santa Marta, Perico Oliva, Periquito de Santa Marta (español).

– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittacidae
– Genus: Pyrrhura
– Scientific name: Pyrrhura viridicata
– Citation: Todd, 1913
– Protonimo: Pyrrhura viridicata

Santa Marta Parakeet (Pyrrhura viridicata)

Sources:

Sounds: By GABRIEL MILK (Xeno-canto)

21 to 23 cm.. height.

The Sinú parakeet (Pyrrhura subandina) It, in general, green, with the forecrown and areas around eyes dark red.

In flight It is very evident dark red stain abdomen, the wings below greyish. The cheeks They have a greenish blue tone, the area surrounding the ear It is yellowish-brown and the breast feathers with design marginalized gray escamado.

Lives or lived in humid jungle, semi-humid, deciduous and gallery forests,low. It nests on trees of considerable size in hollow nests woodpeckers.

endemic to Colombia, in the lower valley of sinu river, Jaraquiel, Murrucucú hill, Córdoba.

Expeditions carried out in recent years have failed to sight it.

Estimated population: 0-100; The population trend: possibly extinct

We recommend that you devote to Sinú parakeet immediate attention to the conservation of this unique endemic species of the plain Sinu River.

Habitats in the jungle and near the Sinú river valley have been extensively altered and lost.

The Sinú parakeet It was described by Todd 1917 as a distinctive bird endemic Valley Sinu River, Córdoba Department, Northwest of Colombia. Peters (1937), without evidence or any basis placed the Pyrrhura subandina within the species Pyrrhura picta, and the species immediately fell into obscurity as subspecies. However, Joseph and Stockwell (2002) they restored the status to Pyrrhura subandina as a species, based on a detailed assessment and phylogenetic analyses recent (com. pers. 2003).

DNA analysis has shown that the population of the Sinú parakeet (Pyrrhura subandina) It is probably different (monotype) (Joseph & Stockwell 2002), although at present it remains a subspecies of the Pyrrhura picta pending further studies (SACC 2007).

There is no information on the ecology of the Sinú parakeet or current status. The species has never been reported alive and its range has been extensively deforested (Salaman obs. pers.)

At the beginning of 2004 Paul Salman He visited the four sites type; two are entirely deforested, While Quimari and the Cerro Murrucucú still have some fragmented forests. No evidence of any Pyrrhura It was obtained by observations and interviews with the local community. In May of 2004, a researcher at ProAves spent three months exploring in search of this species throughout the Murrucucú hill but their results were not favorable. The lack of recent records of this species and its restricted and unprotected range give reasons for concern about their survival and current status.

Reference: Joseph, L. and Stockwell, D. 2002. Climatic modeling of the distribution of some Pyrrhura parakeets of northwestern South America with notes on their systematics and special reference to Pyrrhura caeruleiceps Todd, 1947. Ornitologia Neotropical 13: 1-8.

The Sinú parakeet (Pyrrhura subandina) was last reliably recorded in 1949. Almost nothing was recorded about their habits. Not found during searches on 2004 and 2006 (ProAves Colombia 2008). He may be extinct, but if it still survives, this bird will be seriously threatened by habitat loss and hunting associated with the armed conflict in the region; The future of this Pyrrhura It looks bleak.

* Subspecies included within the species Pyrrhura picta.

Sinú parakeet (Pyrrhura subandina)

Sources:

– Parrot Book, Parrots and macaws.
– eLibrary
– proaves
– Extinct Birds by Julian P. Hume, Michael Walters.

Photo: Parrots, Parrots and macaws Neotropical