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French Bulldog
Francia FCI 101 . Small Molossian type Dogs

Bulldog Francรฉs

The French Bulldog It is protective and playful but it is not ideal for hiking.

Content

History

What is the origin of "French Bulldog"?

The French Bulldog it is one of the smallest representatives of the class of molossi. Its origin is not very old, since it did not appear until the middle of the 19th century, in the Paris region. It is the only French dog breed originating from Paris.

In the 19th century, most Parisian butchers traditionally owned doguines, a breed of small dog that is now extinct. But to be fashionable, they started to buy small Bulldogs, called Toy Bulldogs. Importing Bulldogs in France had begun at the end of the 18th century.

It also seems that, parallel, between 1865 and 1880, English workers pushed by the industrial revolution to come to work in France contributed to introducing race into the French working class.

At that time, besides being popular in England, dogfighting was very popular in the Parisian suburbs and many butchers, cocheros, merchants and workers had a fighting dog. The Bulldog had not yet acquired the character of a companion dog, and still had the tenacity of the Molossoid from which it came.

At the same time, the rat dog was also very common in the Parisian suburbs, especially popular with coachmen, who used it to rid their stables of rats.

Like this, the crossing of a Buzzard with a Bulldog, to get a smaller fighting dog, laid the foundations of French Bulldog. The Bulldog he was also randomly bred with other local dogs, as the Doguins or French Terriers, and the brachycephalic character of the dog was accentuated with the help of Lilleois, a small dog from northern France derived from Pug, today extinct.

In 1880 the first French Toy Bulldog Club was formed and in 1888 a draft standard was drawn up. The goal was to have short-faced, straight-eared dogs.

In 1893, Krehl, a British breeder, imported French Toy Bulldogs to England to present to the English Kennel Club. Immediately, a dispute broke out over the paternity of the breed between the French and the English. The British considered that the breed standard had not been respected by the French, and they considered that the French Toy Bulldog was their creation. Until 1899, the Club of Bulldog refused to admit the French Bulldog in the breeding book, claiming that it did not preserve the purity of the race, before reversing his decision and finally accepting him French Bulldog together with him Bulldog.

The French preserved the paternity of the race, not without reason. ยซThe British contributed the main ingredients, but it was the French who established the final recipe that led to the French Bulldog as we know it ยป, escribiรณ Franรงoise Girard in her book The French Bulldog.

The first breed standard was established in 1898, year in which the Sociรฉtรฉ Centrale Canine recognized her. It was subsequently modified several times, in 1931-1932 and in 1948. Refurbished in 1986 por H.F. Reant and Raymond Triquet and published in 1987 by the FCI, was last corrected in 1994 by the committee of the Club of French Bulldog, with the collaboration of Raymond Triquet.

His mouth and his clown mimicry opened the French Bulldog the gates of the bourgeoisie. In the early 20th century, became the darling of the aristocracy, and the great names of the time like Colette, Mistinguett or Yves Saint-Laurent succumbed to its charms. In addition to becoming the favorite of French high society, it was also highly coveted by the aristocracy of other European countries, like English royalty or the Russian emperor's court, and had great success in the United States, where prominent American personalities, como Josephine Baker, they became infatuated with the little animal.

In summary, throughout the West, the ladies wanted to be accompanied by a French Bulldog, although the race came from the poorest strata of the population.

The austerity brought about by the world wars will be dramatic for the race, that was on the verge of extinction due to lack of breeders to produce it. We had to wait for the beginning of the eighties and the tenacity of certain passionate breeders of French Bulldog so that I would return under the lights of the wall.

Physical characteristics

for a French Bulldog in good condition, the weight must not be less of 8 kg, or more of 14 kg, the size is in proportion to the weight.

The French Bulldog is a typical small molossoid. It is a powerful dog with a stocky appearance, compact all out of proportion. They have a short, flattened face, with folds and wrinkles, and a mighty jaw. His eyes are big, dark and bulging, and his nose is necessarily black.

The coat of the French Bulldog it's short and closed, without Undercoat, and it can be tawny, solid or slightly brindle, sometimes with white spots.

Last, the French Bulldog has naturally straight and pointed ears, while his tail is short, often twisted or naturally amputated and pointed.

Weight and height

โ–ท Male size: 30 – 35 cm.
โ–ท Female size: 29 – 34 cm.
โ–ท Male weight: 8 – 14 kg
โ–ท Female weight: 7 – 12 kg

Character and skills

It is said that most dogs are sticky, and the French Bulldog confirm the rule. So much so that it is usually closer to its owner than to its companions., and sometimes he is possessive and exclusive with his dear master.

For all of it, is a happy dog, cuddly and playful.

When he's not sleeping, he is close to his master, often reproducing their actions by mimicry. To the French Bulldog he does not like to be alone, but its small size allows it to be carried to most public places, and even to work if your education has been well done.

He loves children and plays with them without showing any aggression. It also, if sometimes he barks to signal the arrival of a stranger (knowing that he rarely barks and does the minimum of guard duty, because it is not their main occupation), the real French Bulldog, well mannered, will never bite a human. Aggression is considered a defect of this breed. In fact, most French Bulldogs they are kind and respectful to everyone, with both humans and animals, but some may be reserved with strangers.

The temperament of French Bulldog also makes it a suitable dog breed for seniors.

Having said that, although they are capable of being the calmest companions, they need to expend their energy daily, otherwise their owners may encounter some mischief, like destruction and damage to the house.

Education

How to educate a "French Bulldog"?

Despite his cute looks, do not forget the roots of this dog. So, their ability to be dominant must be controlled from a very early age through gentle upbringing, firm and consistent. In fact, a little rigorous education could have bad repercussions in the daily life and the coexistence between the dog and its humans.

On the other hand, the French Bulldog can easily get angry if his upbringing is too aggressive, While, on the other hand, a well-balanced firmness in the voice allows you to quickly and easily incorporate the rules of the house.

Health

Unlike many races, the French Bulldog do not have any recurring genetic defects.

But, your health needs to be closely monitored to prevent or identify the most common problems as soon as possible:

Sensitivity to heat

The French Bulldogs they are very sensitive to heat. From about 25ยฐ and especially on sunny days, the risks of heat stroke and heat stroke can occur very quickly, and even cause the death of the dog. As much as saying that the French Bulldog cannot live abroad.

Spinal problems

The dehydration of the intervertebral disc, which plays the role of buffer between 2 vertebrae, is a real danger for him French Bulldog. The intervertebral disc becomes cartilaginous and ends up ossifying little by little. It no longer performs its role as a shock absorber and tends to be expelled to the outside. This ossification may be followed by compression of the spinal cord., at risk of nerve tissue injury and paralysis.

The herniated disc is another classic disorder in the French Bulldog. Appears with premature wear of cartilage. This condition most often affects individuals who have been jumped on their hind legs during their youth.. Dogs with this disease experience severe muscle pain when they move. They walk with their heads down, with contracted neck muscles. In severe cases, this can lead to hind limb paralysis.

The chondrodystrophy, less common, causes a shortening of the bones, which can cause significant locomotion problems.

Last, the French Bulldog can also suffer Hip Dysplasia, elbow dysplasia or dislocation of patella.

airway obstruction

The French Bulldog may be exposed to different types of airway obstruction problems, call brachycephalic syndrome.

First of all, the nasal stenosis (Also called "pinched nasal fossa") corresponds to a collapse of the alar cartilage, too soft. This causes respiratory discomfort that can force the dog to breathe through the mouth to compensate for the lack of oxygen. The condition is noticeable by the line of the nostrils, which is then straight instead of comma-shaped. In this case, the only remedy is surgery.

The soft palate is too long and may cause compression of the larynx. This condition is not detectable in young puppies, but there are some symptoms that should set off the alarm. But, you have to notice certain symptoms, like a very pronounced snoring, or fatigue and shortness of breath that occur quickly when walking. A bluish discoloration of the mucous membranes and tongue may also be noted., bloodshot eyes and, sometimes, rickets.

The edema of the larynx, what is a specific disorder, appears especially in case of stress or heat stroke, or even both combined. The dog then gasps and scratches when inhaling. This situation requires quick intervention, placing the dog in a cool place as much as possible and cooling it, for example, spraying it with plenty of cold water. The first priority is to calm the animal, before taking him to the vet for an emergency cortisone injection.

Eye problems

The French Bulldogs can be victims of Nictitating gland dislocation. This gland tends to stick out of the corner of the eye and can grow rapidly to the size of a blackberry.. This condition is common in Bulldogs growing, but it can also be the result of an eye infection.

In general, the prominence of the eyes of the French Bulldog makes them particularly fragile in this area. But, it is possible to protect them thanks to glasses perfectly adapted for them.

Hermaphroditism

Hermaphroditism in the French Bulldog It is rare, but its existence deserves to be informed.

Grooming

The coat of the French Bulldog does not require very difficult maintenance. Regular brushing (two or three times a week) it is enough to remove its many dead hairs, and a bath once a month with a dog shampoo will keep their coat shiny. It also, has a light that spills.

On the other hand, the folds of your face should be cleansed at least twice a week and kept with cream, to avoid infection. You also have to clean his ears at least once a week.

It also, you have to clean the eyes regularly with an anti-inflammatory eye drops and be careful with the blows. His eyes are particularly fragile, and any tearing, either regular or excessive, may be a sign of a disease. At this level, great vigilance is necessary.

Last, you also have to take care of the area under your tail, since the fact that it is located on your buttocks causes dirt to accumulate, and the morphology of the animal does not allow it to clean itself properly.

Food

Due to his brachycephalic head, the French Bulldog tends to swallow food without chewing it, which causes digestive sensitivity and causes rumbling in the stomach and flatulence. So, you need a diet that allows you to maintain your weight and offers good digestibility, without excess fat, but with a sufficient enrichment in essential fatty acids, amino acids and vitamins of group B.

It is advisable to give two meals a day, one in the morning and one at night.

Use

The French Bulldog is primarily a companion and indoor dog, but it can also be a good guard and defense dog.

On the other hand, because of your bad breath, it is not a sporting dog. Like this, although I appreciate the walks, that are good for maintaining your powerful muscles, jogging with him is not recommended.

Also be careful with the waterways and the pool. In effect, because of his stocky body and heavy head, the French Bulldog is not a very good swimmer, and you risk drowning.

Breeders list "French Bulldog"

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Characteristics "French Bulldog"

Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "French Bulldog" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

Adaptation โ“˜

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Affection level โ“˜

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French bulldog images ยป

French Bulldog Videos "

Type and recognitions:

  • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
  • Group :
  • Section : . .

Federations:

  • FCI – Group 9: Section 11: Small Molossian type Dogs โ“˜
  • AKC โ“˜
  • ANKC โ“˜
  • CKC โ“˜
  • โ€‹KC โ“˜
  • NZKC โ“˜
  • UKC โ“˜

FCI breed standard "French Bulldog"

Origin:
France

Date of publication of the valid original standard:
28.04.1995

Use:

Companion dog, guard and toy.



General appearance:

It is the typical small size moleosoid. It is a robust dog despite its small size and its small and plump proportions. His hair is ceiling and his face is short and flat. The ears are straight and the tail is short from birth. You must have the appearance of an active animal, awake, very muscled, of a compact structure and solid bones.



Behavior / temperament:

Is sociable, joyful, playful, sports and awake. It is particularly affectionate with its master and children.

Head:

This must be very strong, wide and square, and it must be covered by skin, It is almost symmetrical wrinkles and folds. The head of the Bulldog is characterized by a contraction of the maxillo-nasal massif; So, the skull has won in amplitude that has lost in length.

Cranial region:
  • Skull: It is wide, almost flat; the forehead is bulging. The superciliares arches are prominent and are separated by a Groove particularly developed between the eyes. The Groove must not be lengthened to the front. The occipital Crest is little developed.
  • Depression links (Stop): Very sharp.
  • facial region:

  • Truffle: Wide, very short, raised; the nostrils are wide open, they are symmetrical and extends obliquely backward. The inclination of the nostrils, as well as the nose raised, they should allow, However, a normal nasal breathing.
  • Nose cane: It is well short, broadband and presents concentrically symmetrical pleats that descend on the upper lip (length : 1/6 the total length of the head).
  • Lips: Thick, a little loose, black. The upper lip is joined to the bottom in the Center and completely covers the teeth, It should not be never visible. The profile of the upper lip is descending and rounded. The language should never be visible.
  • Jaws: They are wide, square, strong. The lower jaw traces a wide curve that ends in front of the upper jaw. With your mouth closed, The prominence of the lower jaw (prognathism) It is moderate by the curvature of the branches of the mandible. This incurvation is necessary to avoid an outstanding too remarkable of the lower jaw.
  • Teeth: The lower incisors are not never behind the upper incisors. Lower incisive arch is rounded. The jaws should not present or lateral deviation, or torque. The separation of the incisive arcades is not strictly delimited, Since the essential thing is to join the upper lip and the bottom to completely cover the teeth.
  • Cheeks: The cheese muscles are well developed, but they never Excel.
  • Eyes: Are awake expression, they are low and quite away the truffle and above all ears. Are dark, quite large, well rounded, slightly bulging; the sclera is not never visible when the animal looks from the front. The edge of the eyelids must be black.
  • Ears: Medium-sized, wide at the base and round at the tip. They are erect; set high, but not too close to each other. The Pavilion is open to the front. The skin must be thin and soft to the touch.
  • Neck:

    It is short and slightly arched. It presents no Chin.

    Body:

  • top line: The upper line rises progressively at the back level and then descend quickly towards the tail.
  • Back: It is wide and muscled.
  • Pork loin: Short and broad.
  • Rump : It is oblique.
  • Breast : Cylindrical and descends well down. The ribs are barrel-shaped, very rounded.
  • Sill: It is very open.
  • Belly and flanks: Raised, Although not agalgados.
  • Tail:

    Short, low implantation on the rump, attached to the buttocks. It is thick at the base, knotted or naturally bent and pointed at the end. Even when the dog is in action, the queue must be below the horizontal. The relatively long tail (It should not exceed the point of the Hock), bent and sharp, It is accepted, Although not highly valued.

    Tips

  • Former members:
  • Views front and profile, they have regular limbs.

  • Shoulder: Short and thick, of strong and apparent muscles.
  • Arm : Short.
  • Elbow: Strictly attached to the body.
  • Forearm: Short, well separated, rectilinear and muscular.
  • Carpus and metacarpus: Solid and short.
  • Later members:
  • They are strong and muscular, somewhat longer than the previous ones, thus raising the rear room. Seen from the rear and profile, they have regular limbs.

  • Thigh: Muscled, firm, Although not too round.
  • Hock: Quite low. It is not too angular and is above all not too straight.
  • Metatarsus: Solid and short. The Bulldog must be born without Spurs.
  • FEET
  • Previous feet: round, small; they are known as "Jack's foot". They sit firmly on the ground and become slightly outward. The fingers are well compact, fingernails are short, thick and separated. Pads are hard, thick and black. In striped dogs nails must be black.
    In dogs "Caille" (striped dog Fawn color with moderately extended white patches) and the fawn color (with white patches mildly or too extended) prefer dark fingernails, Although not penalized those of color clear.
  • Hind feet: compacts.
  • Movement:

    Loose step; the limbs move in parallel to the median plane of the body.

    Mantle

    HAIR:

  • It is beautiful, Satin, tight, bright and smooth.
  • COLOR:

  • Griffon uniform tone, either Brindle or not, or with moderately extended white patches.
  • Tawny, whether or not Brindle, with moderately or very widespread white patches.
    We accept all the nuances of Griffon, from the Red, until the coffee with milk. Completely white dogs are classified under the category of "Fawn Brindle with widespread white patches". If a dog has a truffle too dark, and dark eyes with eyelids also dark, some despigmentaciones of the face can tolerate exceptionally, When the animal is very beautiful.


  • Size and weight:

  • SIZE AND WEIGHT:
  • For a Bulldog in good condition, the weight must not be less of 8 kg, or more of 14 kg, the size is in proportion to the weight.



    Fouls:

    Any deviation from the aforementioned criteria is considered as lack and the severity of this is considered the degree of deviation to the standard and its consequences on the health and well -being of the dog.

  • Truffle close or shrinking, and chronic snoring.
  • Lips that are not attached to the front.
  • Depigmentation of the lips.
  • light eyes.
  • Spada.
  • Raised glue, too long, or abnormally short.
  • Peeled elbows.
  • Straight Hock, or shifted to the front.
  • Incorrect entries.
  • Too long hair.
  • Spotted fur.
    • SERIOUS FAULTS:
    • Incisors, visible when the mouth is closed.
    • Language is apparent when the mouth is closed.
    • Rigidity in the movements of the forelimbs.
    • Discolored spots on the face, except for the striped Fawn color with moderately extended white patches "Caille" and the Griffon with little or very widespread white patches.
    • Insufficient or excessive weight.
    • MISS PLAYOFFS:
    • Cowardice, aggression toward owner.
    • Truffle in a color that is not black.
    • Split lip.
    • Lower incisors placed behind the upper incisors.
    • Canine constantly visible when the mouth is closed.
    • Eyes heterocromos.
    • Ears that are not erect.
    • Mutilation of ears, the queue or spurs.
    • Absence of tail.
    • Spurs in the hind limbs.
    • Coat of black and fire, grey rat, or brown.

    Any dog โ€‹โ€‹showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities should be disqualified..



    N.B.:

    Males should have two normal-appearing testicles fully descended into the scrotum..

    TRANSLATION : IRIS Carrillo, Puerto Rico Kennel Federation.

    Source: F.C.I - International Cynological Federation

    Alternative names:

    1. Frenchies (English).
    2. Bouledogue (French).
    3. Franzรถsische Bulldogge (German).
    4. Buldogue francรชs (Portuguese).
    5. Frenchie (espaรฑol).

    โ–ท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

    Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever
    Canadรก FCI 312 . Retrievers

    Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever

    The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is a very intelligent dog, resistant and playful.

    Content

    History

    Sometimes nicknamed "Tollerยซ, the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is originally from the Little River area of รขโ‚ฌโ€นรขโ‚ฌโ€นNova Scotia, a province on the Atlantic coast of Canada. It was long known as "Little River Duck Dog" before adopting its current name in 1945.

    Although its exact origins remain uncertain, it is well established that it was developed both to bring the aquatic game and to lure it to the hunter's shore in advance. The Micmacs (Mi’kmaq), First Nations people of Eastern Canada, were the first to instill this technique in their dogs. The idea came from observing how red foxes attract waterfowl to shore by splashing water to excite their curiosity, before attacking them once they have approached.

    Regarding the idea of รขโ‚ฌโ€นรขโ‚ฌโ€นtraining dogs to recover waterfowl, spread rapidly in the 19th century. It was then that breeders based in England, The United States and Canada developed various breeds of Retrievers, almost all of which are named after their place of origin (Labrador Retriever, Chesapeake Bay Retriever, etc.). This is also what Canadian breeders in the Little River area did, more specifically from Yarmouth County, with the exception that they aspired to create a dog capable of attracting game, drawing inspiration from the knowledge of the Micmacs. To achieve your goal, crossed the dogs used by the Micmacs with others Retrievers (as the Golden Retriever), as well as with him English Springer Spaniel, the Irish Setter and some Collies used by farmers in the region. The result of his work was called the Little River Duck Hunting Dog.

    The fact that this place was quite remote is probably largely due to, for more than a century, only known in his native region. In 1945, the Canadian Kennel Club (CKC) officially recognized the breed and renamed it Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever. This recognition took her out of anonymity.

    Over the years 60, the Toller began to be used more in the United States, although its popularity remained limited. Was not up 1984 when a breed club was created in the country, and up 1987 when it was officially recognized by the United Kennel Club (UKC). Regarding the other reference organization in the country, the American Kennel Club (AKC), did the same only 16 years later, in 2003.

    It also spread across Europe, especially after its recognition for the Fรฉdรฉration Cynologique Internationale (FCI) in 1981.

    In England, made its appearance mainly through hunting clubs and dog competitions, like the ring and agility. He was recognized by the Kennel Club (KC) in 1988.

    Both in Canada and in the rest of the world, the breed is known primarily to fans of waterfowl hunting. Its use as a family dog โ€‹โ€‹is gaining popularity in many countries., but it is still far from being one of the most popular breeds.

    In United States, for example, the race occupies around the post 80 (of something less than 200) in the AKC breed classification based on the number of annual AKC registrations, having uploaded some 20 put in 2010.

    The rise has been even steeper in France, where, However, started from a lower base. In effect, while the number of registrations in the Livre des Origines Franรงais (LOF) I was not in my twenties before 2010, multiplied by more than five over the next decade, until exceeding one hundred at the end of the latter.

    On the other hand, en el Reino Unido, the appeal of Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever has been generally stable over the same period: despite occasional spikes in some years, the Kennel Club registers around 200 births per year.

    Physical characteristics

    The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever, is a dog from medium-sized, powerful, compact structure, muscular and well-proportioned body.

    One of its many characteristics to highlight is its extreme agility, determination and Security their movements.

    It is from the section of the Retrievers, the smallest of all, the males measuring of 48 to 51 cm. and females of 45 to 48 cm..

    Their eyes are size medium, almond-shaped and mostly range from amber to brown in color. Its expression is friendly, lively and with some mischief.

    The ears they are medium-sized and form triangular. Its tail, wide at the base and thinner towards the tip is populated with generous fringes.

    Its the mantle of double layer and waterproof, the layer external the way a soft hair with medium length, and internal layer, It is composed of a dense and even softer hair.

    The color the layer can be of several all within the range of the Orange. They may have white markings at the tip of the tail, the feet, the breast and chest.

    It is currently used mostly for waterfowl hunting, When you separate charge, acts as a lure, attracting the birds' attention with its movements and jumps.

    Height and weight

      ▷ Male size: of 48 to 51 cm.
      ▷ female size: Of 45 to 48 cm.
      ▷ Male weight: Of 20 to 23 kg
      ▷ female weight: Of 17 to 20 kg

    Character and skills

    The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever He is intelligent and independent, with sense of humor, curiosity and ability to play. But, needs a firm master who provides a framework with clear boundaries, or else you can become the master of your own mind and become the master of the house.

    In particular, it is an ideal dog with children, since it shows an energy at least equal to theirs and does not stop bringing what they send for. But, It's important to put attention on, regardless of race, a dog should never be left alone with a young child without adult supervision.

    He usually gets along well with his peers - especially those of his own race- and is usually happy in his company. Living with other pets, on the other hand, it's much more chaotic. His strong hunting instinct leads him to consider cats and other small domestic animals as prey, and therefore to chase them. Fencing the garden is strongly recommended to prevent it from chasing other animals. It is useless to hope that an underground electric fence can stop it., since the discomfort he feels is no match for his hunting instinct. The latter also clearly explains why it is preferable to keep him on a leash when out in public.

    In any case, can be counted on to report anything that seems abnormal. Constantly on the prowl, will not stop warning as soon as someone approaches the house. Next, he usually copies his answer to his master's, and does not hesitate to defend it if necessary. On the other hand, if you see that the newcomer is welcome, does the same, maintaining the natural reserve that it has towards strangers.

    The Toller is not recommended for apartment living, if only because it can be relatively noisy. Does not bark excessively, but when he gets excited (either by certain noises, from the sight of small animals or from the game), emits an almost shrill bark, which some breeders and owners describe as hard to bear. Of course, this problem is less pronounced if the apartment is rather quiet. In any case, adjusting to apartment living depends on being provided with a sufficient amount of exercise, that is to say, at least an hour a day.

    This is especially true during their first year of life., during which he is extremely active and playful. It is then necessary to provide a large number of stimuli and activities, but at the same time you have to know how to moderate your ardor. In effect, while in full development and has not fully developed its muscles (what happens around one year of age), remains especially fragile. So, you need to increase the duration and intensity of exercise very gradually throughout your growth period, at the risk of causing injuries or even malformations that would penalize him for the rest of his life.

    After his first birthday, the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever becomes much less hyperactive. Conserve a large amount of energy, but you can settle for a good hour of daily activity to keep your feet on the ground. But, there is something else: it is an ideal dog for a sports master, who wants to take his partner for long walks, for example. Able to easily adapt to different environments, it is a very good traveling companion.

    During their pilgrimages, always willing to take a dip if the opportunity presents itself: having been developed to hunt in aquatic environments, swimming is one of his favorite activities, even in murky water. Not necessarily an ideal choice for a master who wants a perfectly clean companion and a flawless interior., as it gives you smart pleasure to play in the mud and roll in the dust.

    Created to help humans during their hunting sessions, the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever seeks the company of his family and needs mental stimulation. He likes nothing more than keeping busy and feeling useful.. Otherwise, they are likely to get bored and start digging, chew on things or bark incessantly.

    The average life expectancy is of some 12-14 years.

    Observations

    It is a race very rare in Europe, However in North America it is quite popular and is widespread.

    Education

    Because they are constantly trying to please their owners, the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever they are quite easy to train. This is especially true because he likes to be mentally stimulated and useful., so he is always ready to learn new orders.

    But, as he has a relatively strong temperament, it is best to avoid trying to train him under pressure or duress, as he finds it hard to bear and may even refuse to cooperate. On the other hand, dog training techniques based on positive reinforcement, employed by a quiet master, patient and persistent, are exactly what you need. As long as you are motivated and find an interest in what you do, he is a very good student.

    It may take some subtlety to establish authority and respect for your dog without rushing him, but this is necessary to develop your trust in your master and for both of you to have fun together during training sessions. Consistency is also important: if the rules are not clear or consistent over time or among household members, most likely he will decide for himself what to expect.

    Puppy socialization is important to all breeds, but it is even more important for the Toller, who can be especially reserved with strangers. Thus, it is important to let you meet all kinds of people, other animals and situations from an early age, to prevent him from becoming a shy adult.

    One of the easiest things to do in raising a Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is to teach you to bring things home to order, because he is a born dog. This can be checked if it is used for hunting: requires few stimuli and quickly integrates behaviors such as baiting or game recovery, that are quite natural for him.

    Imitation learning can be an important part of your education, since he is very attentive and learns a lot through observation. Clicker training is also especially effective with it, as it is more stimulating for him to learn to perform tasks in response to a visual or auditory cue, like the sound of a whistle or clicker, that by repetition. It also, hates repeating the same exercise over and over again: to ensure your full cooperation, it is better to diversify the training sessions.

    Also performs very well in shows and obedience, as well as in agility competitions. Teaching him these dog sports and practicing them with him are excellent levers to use in his education.: keeps you busy and stimulates you both mentally and physically.

    Translation done with the free version of the translator www.DeepL.com/Translator

    Health

    The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is generally a healthy dog.

    But, the relatively small gene pool on which it is based has led to the emergence of inbreeding-related diseases in the breed's population.

    The main risks to which you are exposed are the following:

    • the Hip Dysplasia, which may be favored by a hereditary predisposition. Is a source of pain, lameness and then osteoarthritis. The set reduces the mobility of the animal;
    • The patella dislocation, an orthopedic condition that, according to its severity, may be asymptomatic and cause simple discomfort or total loss of knee mobility. In the most serious cases, corrective surgery is required;
    • Progressive retinal atrophy, an inherited disease that first affects night vision, then to the daytime and, finally, leads to total blindness of the dog;
    • Collie eye abnormality, an inherited disease that may or may not be progressive. when it is so, can end up causing blindness of the dog;
    • The Addison's disease (hipocorticism), an endocrine disorder that develops more often in women between the ages of four and six. Produces general weakness, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea and weight loss;
    • The Hypothyroidism, which is the result of an alteration of the thyroid gland and causes lethargy, weight loss and hair loss, as well as great fatigue;
    • The deafness, that usually appears around the 7 u 8 years in affected individuals. Some bloodlines seem to be more prone to it than others.

    It also, due to the folded shape of his ears, are more prone to infections at this level, like otitis.

    Adopt from a breeder Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever professional and reputable offers guarantees for a number of possible genetic diseases, thanks to the tests that have had to be carried out on the parents or the puppy. The breeder should also be able to provide details of the vaccinations the puppy has received, as recorded in your health or vaccination record, as well as a certificate from a veterinarian attesting to the good health of the puppy.

    Of course, this does not exempt you from doing everything possible to keep you healthy throughout your life. In this issue, prevention plays an important role, just like in humans: it is important to make sure they are examined by a vet at least once a year. This routine check-up can allow, in particular, detect a possible health problem at an early stage, but also make sure you don't miss one of your shots.

    Life expectancy

    Of 12 to 14 years

    Grooming

    The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever it is an easy-care dog.

    A weekly brushing is usually enough to keep their coat shiny and tangle-free.. The exception is during the spring and fall shedding periods., when daily brushing is recommended to remove the numerous dead hairs.

    How sometimes he likes to play in the mud and get dirty, regular bathing may be necessary, especially to avoid the accumulation of dirt in the coat. How you like water, not usually recalcitrant. But, be sure to use a shampoo specially designed for dogs, as it can damage your skin.

    Take advantage of your dog's weekly coat maintenance session to check the condition of his eyes and clean them.

    Looking at your ears, require special vigilance, since its folded shape implies an increased risk of infection. They should also be carefully examined and cleaned weekly.. It also, It is recommended to dry them after swimming to prevent moisture from settling, as it facilitates the development of bacteria.

    You should also brush your teeth at least once a week. Otherwise, as with any dog, plaque build-up will eventually lead to tartar build-up, which can cause bad breath and other ailments. Even more frequent brushing is recommended, ideally every day. In any case, it is essential to use a toothpaste specially designed for dogs.

    Looking at its claws, natural wear and tear is usually enough to file them. But, You must periodically check that this is the case.. If that is not the case, must be manually trimmed with a dog nail clipper, as otherwise there is a risk that they will become a nuisance or break.

    The different gestures to maintain the coat, the eyes, the ears, your dog's teeth or claws aren't necessarily natural, especially for a beginner owner. But, it is not only essential to do them, but also to do them without risk of injuring or even harming the animal. So, it may be wise to learn them from a vet or groomer the first time, to make sure you know how to do them correctly after. By the way, the sooner you get used to your dog, the less likely you are to feel uncomfortable or even recalcitrant during these operations.

    It is also essential to ensure that you exercise on uneven and rather abrasive surfaces: this keeps your pads in good condition and prevents them from becoming too soft, since then they would accumulate dirt more easily and be more prone to lacerations.

    Use

    The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever It is mainly used as a hunting dog for waterfowl, which is capable not only of recovering, but also to attract the hunter. English name Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever reflects this particularity, since the word ยซtollingยป comes from the verb ยซtollenยซ, What does "attract" mean?.

    To attract waterfowl, plays on the edge of the pond and makes splashes that sound a bit like a duck flapping its wings on the surface of the water. curious by nature, waterfowl come to shore to see what happens. When they are close enough, the great retreats behind the hunter's shed, and it rises to chase away the game and make it fly: just shoot your prey. Next, the dog re-enters the scene, this time to search and retrieve the downed game. This ingenious technique requires a lot of control, obedience and complicity, and it is precisely by emphasizing these traits that the race was created and developed.

    In addition to his quite unique hunting skills, the Toller also excels in a large number of canine sports disciplines, like the ring, el agility, obedience, the flyball and even the canine frisbee (discdog).

    It is also a good family dog, who gets along especially well with children and loves to do all kinds of activities with his master.

    Quite suspicious of strangers and always attentive, is always alert barking when a stranger approaches the house, although not the most dissuasive or aggressive of guard dogs, far from it.

    Last, as long as, of course, receive specific training, They can also be part of the very selective group of maritime rescue dogs..

    Characteristics "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever"

    Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

    Adaptation โ“˜

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    friendly dog โ€‹โ€‹โ“˜

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    hair loss โ“˜

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    Affection level โ“˜

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    Need for exercise โ“˜

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    Social need โ“˜

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    Home โ“˜

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    Toilet โ“˜

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    Friendly with strangers โ“˜

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    barking โ“˜

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    Health โ“˜

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    Territorial โ“˜

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    Cat friendly โ“˜

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    Intelligence โ“˜

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    Child friendly โ“˜

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    Surveillance โ“˜

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    joy โ“˜

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    Images ยซNova Scotia Retrieverยป

    ยซNova Scotia Retrieverยป Videos

    • – FCI – Group 8: Retrievers - Flushing Dogs - Water Dogs – Section 1: Retrievers โ“˜
    • – AKC – Sporting โ“˜
    • – ANKC – Group 3 (Gundogs) โ“˜
    • – CKC – Sporting Dogs โ“˜
    • – โ€‹KC – Gundog โ“˜
    • – NZKC – Gundog โ“˜
    • – UKC – Gun Dogs โ“˜

    FCI breed standard "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever"

    Origin:
    Canada

    Date of publication of the valid original standard:
    24.06.1987

    Use:

    The retriever runs, jump and play along the shore in sight of a flock of ducks, sometimes disappearing and then quickly reappearing, supported by the action of the hidden hunter, who throws wands or a ball at him. The dog game attracts the attention of ducks that approach the shore and are drawn within range of the shooting line.. Then, the hunter
    order the dog to collect the injured or dead birds.



    General appearance:

    This is a medium-sized dog, powerful, compact, well balanced and muscular with medium to thick bones. Has great agility and determination and is always alert. Many dogs of this breed have a slight expression of sadness, but when they work their appearance changes and they show great concentration and enthusiasm. During work, moves and rushes quickly, raises the head almost to the level of the back and constantly wags its tail covered with abundant fringes of hair.



    Behavior / temperament:

    This is a very intelligent and easy-to-train dog that has great stamina.
    He is a good and skilled swimmer, a tenacious collector by nature, both on land and in the water. He is ready for action as soon as he receives the slightest hint that the hunt will have to charge.. His great enthusiasm as a collector and his playful nature are essential qualities that he must possess to deceive and collect the game..

    Head:

    The head is well defined and has a slight wedge shape.

    Cranial region:
    • Skull: The broad skull is only slightly rounded; occiput is not prominent and cheeks are flat. Some measures
      suitable for an average male would be 14 cm between ears, decreasing to 3,8 cm on the muzzle. The length of the head is approximately 23 cm from nose to occiput, but its size must be in proportion to the size of the body.
    • Depression links (Stop): Moderate.

    facial region:

    • Truffle: Tapers from base to tip. The Windows are wide open. The color must be black, or harmonize with the coat.
    • Snout: It decreases in a well-defined line from the naso-frontal depression to the nose.. The lower jaw is strong, but not prominent. The lower line of the muzzle is almost straight from the corner of the lip to the angle of the jaw. The depth of the muzzle at the level of the naso-frontal depression is greater than at the level of the nose. The hair on the muzzle is short and fine.
    • Lips: Lips are quite tight, forming a smooth curve in profile. The lips are not thick.
    • Jaws / Teeth: The jaws are strong enough to hold a sizable bird.. Mouth smoothness is essential. The correct joint is in the form of a narrow scissor; a full denture is required.

    EYES: They are well separated, they are almond-shaped and medium in size. Its color ranges from amber to brown. They are friendly in expression, alert and intelligent. The skin around the eyes should be the same color as that of the lips.

    EARS: They have a triangular shape, they are medium in size and set high, well toward the back of the skull; the base is very slightly erect. The back of the double has a fringe of hairs. The hair is short at the tip, which is rounded.

    Neck:

    Is medium sized, well muscled and well inserted. There is no presence of dewlap.

    Body:

    • top line: Evenly horizontal.
    • Back: It's short and straight.
    • Pork loin: Strong and muscular.
    • Breast : Deep, chest descends to elbows.. Snugly ribs, neither flat nor barrel-shaped.
    • Belly: Moderately withdrawn.

    Tail:

    Follows the slight natural slope of the rump. It is wide at the base, with abundant and exuberant fringe of hair. The last vertebra reaches at least as far as the hock. The tail can be carried lower than the level of the back, except when the dog is alert, in which case he hunches over and stands up, although it never touches the body.

    Tips

    PREVIOUS MEMBERS:

    • As a whole: Front members should look like parallel columns. They are straight and strong boned.
    • Shoulder: They must be very muscular; shoulder blade is well attached and tilted back, allowing the inclination of the withers towards the region of the back, which is short The shoulder blade and forearm are approximately the same length.
    • Elbows: They must be attached to the body, without deviating or inward, nor out. Its movement must be free and uniform.
    • Metacarpus: They are strong and slightly sloping.
    • Front feet: They are medium in size and rounded with well developed skin between the toes.. Fingers are well together and arched. The pads are thick. Dewclaws can be removed.

    LATER MEMBERS:

    • As a whole: They are muscular, wide and square in appearance, posterior and anterior angulations should be balanced. Thigh and leg are approximately the same length.
    • Thighs:Well muscled.
    • Knee: Well angled.
    • Hocks: Well placed close to the ground,without deviating or inward,nor out. There should be no dewclaws.
    • Rear feet: Like the forwards.

    Movement:

    The Nova Scotia Collector movement is powerful at the same time, elastic and lively. The forelimbs show good range and the hindlimbs give great momentum. The feet should not deviate or inward, nor outwards and the limbs must move in a straight line. As speed increases, the feet tend to come closer when they land on the ground, forming a single footprint; the top line must remain uniform.

    Mantle

    HAIR : Since this dog was bred to collect hunting in icy waters,must have a double coat, waterproof,of moderate length and softness, and a softer and denser undercoat. On the back it can be slightly wavy, but in the rest of the body it is stretched. In winter it can form a long, loose curl in the throat. The fringes of hair are soft on the throat,behind the ears and behind the thighs. In the forelimbs the fringes of hair are moderately developed.

    COLOR: It comes in various shades of red or orange; the fringes of hair and the lower part of the tail are lighter. For the usual, one of the following white markings can be seen: at the tip of the tail, the feet (without extending beyond the metacarpals or hocks), the chest, and a white list on the forehead. A dog that shows otherwise great qualities should not be penalized for not presenting white markings.. The pigment of the nose, the lips and the rim of the eyes should be flesh-colored, harmonizing with that of the fur, or black.



    Size and weight:

    Ideal height: For males over 18 months is 48 to 51 cm., and for females over 18 months, is of 45 to 48 cm..
    Allowed 2,5 cm above or below the ideal size.

    Weight: It should be in proportion to the height and bone structure of the dog; of 20 to 23 kg for adult males, and 17 to 20 kg for adult females.



    Fouls:

    Any deviation from the aforementioned criteria is considered as a fault and the severity of this is considered to the degree of the deviation to the standard and its consequences on the health and well-being of the dog..

    SERIOUS FAULTS:

    โ€ข Longitudinal axes of the nasal ridge and snout diverging or converging.
    โ€ข Abrupt naso-frontal depression.
    โ€ข Clearly pink nose.
    โ€ข Truffle, eyes and rim of the eyes of a color other than the established one.
    โ€ข Superior prognathism.
    โ€ข Round and large eyes.
    โ€ข Convex or concave back.
    โ€ข Loose loin.
    โ€ข Tail carried below the level of the back when the dog is moving. Tail too short, or if it curls up and touches the back.
    โ€ข Pasterns too inclined.
    โ€ข Crushed feet, with thin pads.
    โ€ข Separate coat (not thick enough).
    โ€ข Adult dog that lacks substance.
    โ€ข Dogs with 2,5 cm above or below ideal height.

    FALTAS DESCALIFICANTES:

    โ€ข Aggressiveness or extreme shyness.
    โ€ข Any dog โ€‹โ€‹showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities.
    โ€ข Any signs of shyness in adult dogs.
    โ€ข Partially depigmented nose.
    โ€ข Superior prognathism of 3 mm (1/8 inch).
    โ€ข Lower prognathism. Deviated arch of incisors.
    โ€ข Absence of skin between the toes.
    โ€ข White color on the shoulders, around the ears, behind the neck, through the back or on the flanks.
    โ€ข Silver fur, gray or with black areas.
    โ€ข Any color other than red or orange tone.



    N.B.:

    โ€ข Males must have two normal-appearing testicles fully descended into the scrotum..
    โ€ข Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with the typical conformation of the breed, should be used for parenting.

    Source: F.C.I - International Cynological Federation

    Alternative names:

    1. Yarmouth Toller, Tolling Retriever, Little Red Duck Dog, Little River Duck Dog, Toller, Duck Toller (English).
    2. Nova Scotia, (Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever en anglais) (French).
    3. Nova Scotia Retriever, Toller (German).
    4. (em inglรชs: Nova Scotia duck tolling retriever) (Portuguese).
    5. en inglรฉs: Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever, Toller, Novie, Retriever (espaรฑol).

    โ–ท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

    Romagna Water Dog
    Italia FCI 298 . Water Dogs

    Romagna Water Dog

    The Romagna Water Dog not suitable for sedentary people or living in the city.

    Content

    History

    The Lagotto Romagnolo, or "Romagna water dog", descended from the Italian dogs that were used to recover game from the water. In fact, His name means "Romaรฑa Lagos dog" in Italian, reflecting its original use and the northern Italian region from which it came, the Romaรฑa.

    It was used at least since the Italian Renaissance for this task, especially in the swamps and lagoons present in his native region. In addition to keeping their masters company and watching over their homes, he was also very good at recovering dead ducks that were in the water. They are the Italian equivalent of the Spanish Spaniel and the Irish Spaniel.. Many specialists believe that Romagna Water Dog is the oldest breed of Retrievers and that it is the distant ancestor of many more recent races, as the Golden Retriever, the Portuguese Water Dog and the Poodle. It is also believed to be one of the oldest Italian dog breeds.

    The first trace of a similar animal dates back to the 15th century, and more specifically to 1474, in a fresco called Parete dell’Incontro, painted by italian Andrea Mantegna. It was also described by the philosopher Erasmus (1466 – 1536) and appeared in some works of the engraver Marcantonio Raimondi (1480 – 1534).

    Later, in the XVIII century, the famous naturalist Carl von Linnรฉ (1707-1778) described a Mediterranean Spaniel that closely resembled the Romagna Water Dog.

    Towards the end of the 19th century, much of the marshes in the area were drained into farmland, leaving the Romagna Water Dog jobless. But, farmers and other owners soon discovered that he had a great talent for finding truffles, highly appreciated in the world of gastronomy. In fact, this dog's excellent sense of smell, combined with his thick fur that protected him from the branches, brambles and other weeds, made it very efficient. This change of use also implied certain changes in the traits of the breed: his primitive hunting instinct weakened, while he developed an iron concentration very useful in the search for truffles. These two facts were combined so that you would not be distracted by the game when you were working.

    But, the number of people searching for truffles was much less than the number of people hunting. As a result, the breed's population decreased dramatically, so that by the middle of the 20th century there were only a few Romagna Water Dog. It also, truffle hunters weren't really interested in developing a breed in their own right: as long as the dog was good at his task, they seemed fine. Consequently, at the beginning of the 20th century there was a certain decrease in interest in the selection of this dog and several poorly thought-out crosses were made with other breeds.

    The rescue and diffusion of the breed in the 20th century

    Over the years 70, some thought that the Lagotto Romagnolo had completely disappeared. But, there were still some in Italy, and some passionate breeders took important steps to preserve them. The group was led by Quintino Toschi, breeder and judge of Ente Nazionale della Cinofilia Italiana (ENCI), the main canine organization in the country. With the support of the veterinarian Antonio Marsiano and from another lover of the Lagotto, Lodovico Babini, a selection program was launched to save the dog from the extinction that hung over him. In 1988, they founded a breed club, the Club Italiano Lagotto, and they did a great job to get the breed to develop again in good condition.

    The work carried out by this group was a success and allowed the Lagotto Romagnolo was recognized by the ENCI in 1992.

    Then it began to be known and spread abroad, particularly in Europe (France, Switzerland, Germany, Finland, Great Britain…), but also much beyond, as in Australia and the United States. Although in some of these countries truffles are not as abundant as in Romagna, the Lagotto found its place in families as a guard and companion dog. It is also possible to find them - although much more rarely- in the water courses, as hunting retrievers.

    The Fรฉdรฉration Cynologique Internationale (FCI) recognized the breed provisionally in 1995. Ten years later, in 2005, granted him full recognition.

    In 1997, was founded the Unione Mondiale dei Club Lagotto Romagnolo (Lagotto Romagnolo Club World Union), in view of the worldwide expansion of the breed. Chaired by the Dr. Giovanni Morsiani, allowed to preserve the original traits of the breed and coordinate quality breeding programs around the world.

    That same year a breed club was founded in the United States., the Lagotto Club of America.

    In 2001, the American Kennel Club (AKC) agreed to enroll the Lagotto in its Foundation Stock Service, a prerequisite for full recognition that occurred in 2015. The other reference organization in the United States, the United Kennel Club (UKC), recognized her in 2006.

    in Canada, the Lagotto Romagnolo debuted in 1999. The first specimen imported into the country came from a famous Italian kennel called Farnie. That same year a first calf was created in Alberta. Others followed him in 2000 and 2004, respectively in Ontario and Nova Scotia. Although these pioneer hatcheries no longer exist today, contributed greatly to the spread of the breed in the Canadian territory. The breed was provisionally recognized in 2012 by the Canadian Kennel Club (CKC), and then definitely in 2016.

    Finally, en el Reino Unido, the romanian spaniel was accepted by the prestigious Kennel Club in the year 2000.

    Photo: ยซLagotto Romagnoloยป de 6 meses by XTY78, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

    Distribution and popularity

    After having been on the verge of extinction half a century ago, the Romagna Water Dog seems to be as popular today in its home country as it was at some point in its history, and it is even more and more successful.

    Like this, while the number of annual registrations in the Ente Nazionale della Cinofilia Italiana (ENCI) was around the 1.500 early in the decade 2010, reached the 2.000 in 2014 and even approached the 2.500 at the end of the decade.

    In France, the Romagna Water Dog has quickly conquered hearts. At the beginning of the 21st century, the number of dogs registered each year in the LOF (Book of French Origins) you could count on the fingers of one hand. A midyear 2000 he was already in his fifties, and then shot up to exceed 300 at the end of the decade. The success of Lagotto did not stop in the decade of 2010, quite the contrary: they ended up with some 500 births per year.

    In Switzerland, the Lagotto is also well represented. According to statistics from the official Amicus database, in 2017 was the 28th most represented breed in the country, at around 3.500 animals.

    On the other hand, in the UK it is much more discreet, although it seems that it begins to break through. Since the decade of 2000 until early next, there was no more than 20 or 30 births per year registered in the Kennel Club. But, this figure reached about 50 in the mid 2010, and then tripled in no time, to the point of ending the decade with more than 150 by year.

    The Lagotto Romagnolo it is also small in the United States. The Lagotto Romagnolo ranks in the middle of the breed ranking based on number of annual AKC registrations, around the post 100.

    But, the breed has spread throughout the world in recent decades, with a success in some countries that was not easy to imagine. This is the case of Australia, where the first records in the Australian National Kennel Council (ANKC) go back to the year 2000. Just fifteen years later, in the middle of the Decade of 2010, the organization already counted between 300 and 400 annual births.

    Physical characteristics

    The Lagotto Romagnolo it is a small to medium sized dog, solid build and rather square profile. In fact, its length should be approximately equal to its height at the withers. They give an overall impression of robustness and strength.

    The back is straight and muscular, with a strong and slightly convex loin. The chest is well developed and reaches to the elbows.

    The tail is covered with stiff, woolly hair.. It is not too high or too low and reaches the level of the hocks.

    The front legs are well muscled with a fine but robust bone structure. Their feet are rounded and compact, with clenched fingers. As for the hind legs, they are very powerful, while still being well proportioned. The feet are a little more oval than the front ones, with slightly less arched fingers. On all legs, the pads are very resistant, the claws well curved and solid.

    The skull is quite wide and slightly convex when viewed from the side. Neck is strong, muscular and much more massive in males than in females.

    The ears are medium-sized and triangular in shape, but rather rounded at the tips. They are hanging and reach the level of the dog's jaws.

    The eyes are round, large and quite far apart. Its color can be ocher, dark brown or hazelnut. Then already Romagna Water Dog a very attentive and lively expression.

    The muzzle is quite wide and slightly shorter than the skull. Finish off with a nose that can range from flesh-colored to dark brown., it is quite large and has large nostrils.

    The lips are rather thin and covered with long and somewhat bristly whiskers.. They cover powerful scissor-shaped jaws.

    The skin is quite fine and pigmented. Goes from very light to dark brown, according to coat color.

    The coat consists, first, in a highly water resistant underlayer. It is covered by a very dense top layer, curly and woolly. The tight curls give the impression that the dog is disheveled all over the body. The curls are a little looser on the head, showing the beard, the mustache and bushy eyebrows.

    The coat can be whitish, white with brown or orange highlights, orange red, brownish red or completely brown (in any shade of this color). Tan markings are also allowed in all shades, regardless of the dog's coat color.

    It is worth mentioning that the fur of the Lagotto Romagnolo takes time to acquire its characteristic appearance, since it is not until 2 or 3 years of age. In effect, her curls form only very gradually; when he is still a puppy, its fur is very soft.

    Last, the breed is characterized by a certain sexual dimorphism. In addition to having a more solid neck than the female, the male is usually taller and more massive than the female.

    Size and weight
      ▷ Male size: 43 – 48 cm.
      ▷ female size: 41 – 46 cm..
      ▷ Male weight: 13 – 16 kg
      ▷ female weight: 11 – 14 kg

    Character and skills

    The Lagotto Romagnolo is smart and lively, but he is also close to his family, with which he enjoys.

    This is especially true of the very young., which makes it a very good dog breed choice for children. Their high energy level allows you to spend hours playing with them without getting tired. But, as with any of his peers, should never be left alone with a young child without adult supervision. This is all the more true as it has a relatively high energy level and could, for example, unintentionally pushing or even knocking down your young partner.

    The Romagna Water Dog he also gets along very well with other dogs, whether they live in the same house or just pass each other on a walk. Having largely lost the strong hunting instinct of a few centuries ago, they can also get along with other animals such as cats, rodents and birds. If you have to share your home with one of them, coexistence is so much easier as it is established as soon as you get home. In any case, it is important to socialize him well from an early age and get him used to meeting representatives of other species: so you will have less desire to chase them throughout your life. In any case, if he is not well socialized and his hunting instinct tends to prevail, or if you do not respond perfectly to the call for attention, it may be preferable to walk it on a leash than in freedom.

    The sense of smell is not the only one that is very acute in this dog. In fact, he also has excellent hearing, that allows you to hear from afar anyone who approaches you. It also, fully fulfills the role of alert dog, barking and warning his owner as soon as an unknown person approaches his house. But, your role ends there: as it is not one of those who threaten or impress, not really a good watchdog.

    The Lagotto Romagnolo tends to keep some distance from strangers at first, even if they are invited by their master and the introductions are done correctly: it may be a while before they trust. But, once well socialized and educated, he ends up getting used to their presence and is very friendly with them. In fact, some of the breed representatives are open enough to be used as psychological support dogs, visiting hospitals, schools or even prisons, and bringing comfort wherever they go.

    To accept new people, you have to be comfortable in your own home, as well as on their paws. As such, should be physically active for at least one hour daily, for example, through walks, games, puzzles or dog sports like agility or flyball. His physical abilities and his resistance also allow him to happily accompany the sportsmen in their races., mountain bike rides or hikes. But, it can also be a good match for retired people, as long as they stay active enough and can get it out enough every day. In any case, how you tend to get bored easily, It is convenient to offer you varied activities and regularly change the places of your walk.

    Swimming is also a great way to get your dog to exercise.. In fact, the centuries that it has spent being used as a waterfowl retriever explain that it is a dog that loves water. He loves to swim and enjoys every moment he spends in a lake or river. One of his favorite games is to go to find and recover the objects that his master throws into the water..

    If you are not given enough opportunity to exercise and get bored, or if it suffers a lack of attention from its owners (either because they are absent too often and for too long, or because they neglect him), the Romagna Water Dog is likely to develop a number of undesirable behaviors. In particular, may start barking untimely and become excessively loud. If you have access to a garden, can start digging holes to search for objects or food under the ground. Degrading objects or stealing food are also part of their history. All these behaviors are the sign of a psychological distress that is important to treat, and for which the owner is often responsible.

    On the other hand, as long as their care and physical activity needs are respected, the Romagna Water Dog he is a very affectionate companion, that he does not stop appreciating the most cuddly moments and that he is very calm.

    It also, as long as I have enough outings and activities, can be fully adapted to life in the city and in an apartment, although the ideal environment for him is still a house with access to a garden. But, it is not a question of relegating it to the bottom of the garden, for example in a kennel: I would hardly tolerate it and it would be very likely that symptoms of separation anxiety would appear.

    Last, It should be noted that the female of the Lagotto Romagnolo reaches psychological maturity long before the male.

    Education

    The Lagatto Romagnolo he is intelligent and devoted: very eager to please, he has in his heart to understand what his owner wants, and meet your expectations. This makes it an easy dog รขโ‚ฌโ€นรขโ‚ฌโ€นto train and suitable even for a beginner..

    The most experienced people can go a long way in their education, because it was selected to quickly understand complex commands. It is not by chance that he often shines in obedience competitions.

    Having said that, the practice in which you can excel the most is, of course, the hunt for truffles, allowing you to exploit your developed sense of smell. This does not require a great effort, since it is very easy to train a truffle dog, as long as you know how to do it.

    Whatever your future mission, it is best to base the training of the Romagna Water Dog in fun and varied exercises. In effect, his intelligence and alertness mean that he can get bored quickly if the sessions are repetitive. It is also important not to go for methods that are too strict for your taste.; it is better to bet on positive reinforcement, that motivates you to learn and makes things easier.

    In any case, the fact that he is docile and obedient does not exempt you from having clear house rules, and to teach you quickly. As with any dog, You have to decide from the beginning what you can do and what you are not allowed to do., and try to keep it after, that is to say, be consistent over time. This consistency should also apply from one family member to another.: everyone must enforce the same rules, uniformly. If these conditions are not respected, the child is likely confused, having difficulty understanding what is expected of him, what is and what is not allowed.

    Health

    The Lagotto Romagnolo it is a generally resistant dog: when you are not experiencing any major health problems, can live long enough until 17 years, which is significantly above the average of its congeners that have such a template.

    It also, its thick coat protects it not only from water and humidity, but also from the cold. Therefore, it can live very well in significantly less accommodating climates than its native Italy., its origins explain why it is not particularly sensitive to high temperatures.

    Despite his generally good health, It, like all races, particularly susceptible to certain diseases, in this case, is about:

    • The Hip Dysplasia, a disease whose onset may be favored by a hereditary predisposition, which especially affects medium to large sized dogs.This is an abnormal conformation of the hip joint, that can cause pain, lameness and some difficulty moving.It also promotes the formation ofosteoarthritis aAs the animal ages, if the problem is detected early, some surgeries can delay the effects of the disease or relieve symptoms;
    • The Dysplasiadelcodo, a developmental problem of the elbow joint that causes pain or lameness., also leads to the development ofosteoarthritis.Like hip, a hereditary predisposition can increase the probability of its occurrence. It is possible to limit the consequences thanks to a surgical intervention, to be done as soon as possible;
    • The juvenile epilepsy, an inherited disease of the nervous system characterized by seizures, generally observable from the first 5 to 9 puppy weeks.In most cases, symptoms go away on their own around the 4 months of age, although some dogs with the disease continue to experience occasional episodes of seizures well into adulthood.The gene that originates it is particularly widespread in Lagotto Romagnolo: according to the data provided by the laboratories that carry out the tests that allow the disease to be identified (Optigen in the United States, Mydogdna in Germany and Genoscoper in Finland) 46. % of the representatives of the tested breed carry it., only 3% of the total population actually suffer from the symptoms of the disease;
    • The ataxia cerebelosa, a neurological disease causing an inherited movement coordination disorder., it is also a source of involuntary muscle contractures problems.There is no treatment forla ataxia cerebelosa, whose symptoms worsen and lead todog euthanasiaabout two years after its appearance;
    • Abiotrofia cerebelosa, a nerve condition that can be inherited and is caused by the degeneration of certain brain cells. Its main symptoms are tremors and inappropriate movements, especially when facing an obstacle.There is no cure for this disease, but it does not cause physical suffering to the dog. However, as the situation progressively worsens, there comes a time when the disability is too severe, so euthanasia is recommended;
    • Distrofia neuroaxonal, which corresponds to an accumulation of various substances in neurons. It is the particular cause of head tremors, balance disorders or even falls. These symptoms usually appear in the puppy's first month. There is no treatment for this potentially hereditary disease, which very often leads to the euthanasia of the animal;
    • Lysosomal storage disease, an inherited neurological disorder that often leads to euthanasia., is at the origin of uncoordinated movements and loss of balance. According to a study published in 2015 in the scientific journal Plos Genetics and entitled ยซMissense in the ATG4D gene links aberrant autophagy with neurodegenerative vacuolar storage diseaseยซ, approximately 12% of the Lagotti are carriers of the genetic mutation at the origin of this disease There is no cure and things are only getting worse;Therefore, an affected subject dies very young or ends up being euthanized.
    • The waterfall, a disease causing progressive loss of vision due to clouding of the lens, sometimes inherited and mainly affecting the elderly, can be cured with surgery;
    • Infections ofear (otitis, etc.), due to the hanging shape of his ears.

    It also, the Romagna Water Dog also poses a risk of being overweight. Not to be taken lightly, since being overweight can lead to various health problems, but also aggravate pathologies already present in the affected animal.

    But, Many of the diseases to which the breed is exposed are or may be of hereditary origin., the utmost vigilance is required when choosing acreator of Lagotto Romagnolo.A professional worthy of the name, as well as ensuring that your puppies benefit from good socialization from their first weeks, is committed to maximizing the chances that they will be and stay healthy. To achieve this, is in charge of carefully selecting its breeders, making them pass various genetic tests to avoid any transmission to their descendants of a possible hereditary defect., must be able to present the results of such tests, that may also have been done on the little ones themselves., must present a veterinary certificate attesting to the good health of the puppy whose adoption is being considered, as well as your health or vaccination history, the latter in particular confirms that the animal has received the various required vaccinations.

    Once the latter returns to his new home, It is worth remembering that a dog is particularly vulnerable during its first few months., inappropriate physical activities (too long and / or too intense) can easily cause injury, but also affect the proper development of bones and joints, with potentially long-lasting consequences., it is better to wait for him to reach adulthood to take him for long walks or hunt for truffles for hours, for example. This is even more true that this breed is particularly prone to some joint problems (Hip Dysplasiaandelbow dysplasia).

    From then on, it is not because you are an adult that you should no longer worry about your health. Throughout your life, should benefit like any dog โ€‹โ€‹from rigorous monitoring, including a visit to the vet once a year, and even more regularly when you are older, this allows the professional to perform a complete check-up of your health, and sometimes detect a problem that a less informed eye like the owner's could not, yet, This is also the perfect time to take any booster dose.

    In addition to the diseases against which the latter protect you, it is also necessary to ensure that you are permanently protected against parasites and the risks they imply.So, It is the responsibility of the owner to renew the antiparasitic treatments of his companion throughout the year.This is even more important for people who spend a lot of time outdoors..

    Life expectancy

    13 years

    Food

    Feeding a Romagna Water Dog not particularly difficult: a balanced and good quality industrial feed is perfectly adequate. But, it is important to choose products and establish portions adapted to their age, health and physical activity level.

    The latter can vary significantly during the year, especially in the case of an individual used for truffle hunting during the winter season. It is then necessary to adjust upwards the amount of food that is given each day, so that you benefit from a sufficient energy supply and can work in good conditions. On the other hand, once the period in question has ended, servings should return to normal level, to prevent you from suffering from overweight problems.

    When the dog is young, the ration must be adapted to the growth period in which it is. This is especially important because an inappropriate diet could be detrimental to the puppy's physical development.: if the food is too rich or is given in too large quantities, could grow too fast, which could lead to joint problems. Otherwise, insufficient nutrition could cause deficiencies and growth problems.

    This is especially true because the Lagotto Romagnolo is easily prone to obesity. That is why it is important to pay attention to the evolution of your weight and weigh it twice a month.. If a discrepancy is observed, which is confirmed or even increased in the following measurements, it is necessary to visit the vet. Only a professional can safely determine the cause of weight gain, which may not be related to the dog's diet or activity level, but with a disease or a treatment, for example. Once the cause of the problem has been identified, the vet will be able to advise how to remedy it and return the dog to a healthy weight.

    In any case, the fact that the Romagna Water Dog being prone to obesity implies that some caution should be exercised regarding the use of treats, although they can be very useful, especially in the context of training. The ideal is to opt for low-calorie products and deduct their caloric intake from your daily ration.

    This propensity to be overweight also justifies dividing your daily ration into multiple meals.: even if I have a sweet tooth, less likely to order food when you know another is waiting for you later.

    Last, like any dog, the Lagotto Romagnolo a bowl of clean, fresh water should always be available to you.

    Grooming

    The Lagotto Romagnolo is covered in thick, curly fur that needs a lot of maintenance.

    First of all, it is necessary to brush it about twice a week, to avoid knot formation. The longer the coat, more important is to take the opportunity to examine it to remove dirt and other weeds, and undo the knots, especially around the joints: this will prevent injury or irritation caused by rubbing. It is also a good idea to get in the habit of examining your fur after a long period in a humid environment or with very dense vegetation..

    On the other hand, sheds very little and has no seasonal molting periods. If we add to this that he does not drool much, This makes it an especially appreciated companion for people who are very attached to cleanliness., but also for those who suffer from allergies. Thus, are often presented as a hypoallergenic dog breed, but you have to remember that none of them is 100% hypoallergenic and that the amount of allergens emitted can vary significantly from one individual to another, even within the same race. So, there is nothing to replace a test in real conditions, consisting of spending a few hours in the company of the animal whose adoption is being considered.

    Regarding the bathroom, a monthly frequency is adequate to keep the dog's coat clean. Lagotto Romagnolo, without affecting its natural ability to resist water and inclement weather. But, it is important to use a mild shampoo specially designed for dogs, otherwise your skin will be damaged, and do not dry or brush it after bathing, which could damage her beautiful curls.

    It also, their hairs grow quickly and require regular trimming, at the rate of some 3 or 4 times a year. The latter can be done by a professional dog groomer or directly by its owner., if he knows how to do it.

    Ears of the Lagotto Romagnolo require rigorous maintenance, since its hanging shape and the hairs that grow around it constitute fertile ground for the development of infections caused by the accumulation of moisture and dirt. So, it is imperative to examine and clean them weekly, as well as after every long outing in nature. This is especially important if the animal has been in a humid environment or has been swimming., and it is important to dry it well. It also, it is recommended to regularly trim the hair around the ears to prevent wax and dirt from settling there.

    You should also check your eyes weekly and clean the area around them if they are dirty.. Hair around the eyes can cause infections to develop there too. If to that we add that they can obstruct the vision of the dog, the interest of cutting them regularly is easily understood.

    Regarding the teeth, they must be brushed regularly to avoid the formation of dental plaque, which can itself be the cause of many oral problems. The ideal is daily brushing and, in any case, it is better not to brush less than once a week. In any case, it is advisable to systematically use a toothpaste intended for the canine species.

    The claws of the Lagotto Romagnolo they tend to be much less demanding in terms of maintenance, especially if you spend a lot of time outdoors: this usually allows them to file naturally. But, it is convenient to make sure that it really is so. In fact, if they get too long, can hinder the dog's movements, and even hurt you a lot if they break. If you hear them rubbing against the ground when walking on hard surfaces, It is a sign that you have to cut them manually.

    Whether the fur, the ears, the eyes, teeth or even claws, take care of a Lagotto Romagnolo requires mastering a series of gestures. If they are not necessarily complex, better make sure you do them correctly, not only for good results, but also and above all so as not to risk hurting your partner, or even injure him. So, the first time it may be wise to make an appointment with the vet or a groomer, to learn from a professional how to proceed. In any case, it is advisable to accustom your pet to this type of manipulation as soon as possible, Since, otherwise, maintenance sessions could be especially unpleasant for you.

    Utility

    Originally, the Lagotto Romagnolo used -and selected- to retrieve game that fell into the water. This selection explains its particularly waterproof coat and its very pronounced taste for swimming..

    Since the end of the 19th century, after the drying up of many swamps in its Romagna natal, dedicates body and soul to the search for truffles. Today, it is the only breed of dog that is bred specifically for this task. Her highly developed sense of smell and her innate propensity to search by digging holes make her a true expert in this field..

    He is also an excellent companion dog today, that is sociable and easy to train. They are suitable for beginners and are especially suited to families, especially those who are quite active. They are especially popular with those allergic to dogs, since they shed very little hair and only release a small amount of allergenic proteins. But, no dog can be considered 100% hypoallergenic, therefore compatibility cannot be guaranteed: there is nothing to replace a trial period of several hours with the person whose adoption is being considered.

    Wide awake, the Lagotto Romagnolo It is also an excellent alert dog that does not hesitate to bark when an unfamiliar person approaches its home. On the other hand, can't really take on the role of watchdog, since they are not aggressive or threatening to strangers, and it would be very unlikely that they would chase them away.

    On the other hand, His excellent sense of smell obviously works wonders in crawling competitions and, of course, in the romps. They can also be distinguished in dog sports that highlight their great energy and intelligence., like agility, flyball or obedience.

    Last, due to his friendly and always uniform temperament, sometimes used as a therapy dog, for example in hospitals, schools or prisons.

    Price

    In France and Belgium, the price of a puppy Lagotto Romagnolo ranges between 800 and 1.500 EUR, and the average is about 1.100 EUR.

    in your country of origin, Italy, you have to tell about 600 to 1400 EUR. For a person who doesn't live very far, import may be an option to consider, since there are many more farms there, and therefore a greater offer.

    in Canada, breeders usually ask for an amount that is around 2400 canadian dollars. But, patience is often necessary, since the small number of breeders in the country makes it common to find yourself on a waiting list. This is especially true if you are looking for a puppy of a certain color..

    The amount to pay to adopt a puppy from Lagotto Romagnolo in the United States it ranges from 1.800 and 2.500 American dollars.

    In the case of an import from abroad, It is advisable to bear in mind that additional costs must be added to the purchase price: administrative expenses, quarantine, transport…

    In any case, whatever the country, the price that is asked depends on the prestige of the kennel and the lineage from which the puppy comes, as well as its intrinsic characteristics, especially on the physical plane, that is to say, its greater or lesser conformity with the standard. It also, it is this point that explains why important price differences are sometimes observed within the same litter.

    Characteristics "Romagna Water Dog"

    Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "Romagna Water Dog" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

    Adaptation โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    friendly dog โ€‹โ€‹โ“˜

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    hair loss โ“˜

    1,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Affection level โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Need for exercise โ“˜

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Social need โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Home โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Toilet โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Friendly with strangers โ“˜

    2,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    barking โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Health โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Territorial โ“˜

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Cat friendly โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Intelligence โ“˜

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Versatility โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Child friendly โ“˜

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Surveillance โ“˜

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    joy โ“˜

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Images "Romagna Water Dog"

    Photos:

    1 – ยซRomagna water dogยป by https://pixabay.com/es/photos/lagotto-romagnolo-perro-cachorro-4272671/
    2 – "Romagna water dog" in the Poznaล„ world canine exhibition Pleple2000, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
    3 – "Romagna water dog" La Gottis Campione by Flickr
    4 – "Romagna water dog" by Rdo01, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
    5 – ยซRomagna water dogยป during the canine exposure in Katowice, Polonia by Lilly M, CC BY-SA 2.5, via Wikimedia Commons
    6 – "Romagna dog" 2ยฝ year Entheta, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

    Videos "Romagna Water Dog"

    Type and recognitions:

    • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
    • Group 8: Retrievers, Hunting Lifting Dogs, Water Dogs.
    • Section 3: Water Dogs. .

    Federations:

    • – FCI – Group 8: Retrievers - Flushing Dogs - Water Dogs – Section 3: Water Dogs โ“˜
    • – AKC – Sporting โ“˜
    • – ANKC – Group 3 (Gundogs) โ“˜
    • – CKC – Sporting Dogs โ“˜
    • – โ€‹KC – Gundog โ“˜
    • – NZKC – Gundog โ“˜
    • – UKC – Gun Dogs โ“˜

    FCI breed standard "Romagna Water Dog"

    Origin:
    Italy

    Date of publication of the valid original standard:
    30.09.2019

    Use:

    Truffle hunting dog.



    General appearance:

    Its size ranges from small to medium; well balanced, It is powerful and of rustic appearance. Their fur is dense, shaggy and curly.


    important proportions:

    The dog is almost as tall as he is long (almost square). Head length measures 4/10 the height at the withers. The length of the skull should be slightly more than the length of the muzzle. The depth of the chest is less than 50% (a few 44%) the height at the withers.



    Behavior / temperament:

    His natural gift for search and his good smell have made this race very efficient to find truffles. The ancient hunting instinct has been modified by genetic selection, so your work is not distracted by the smell of prey. The Lagotto is manageable, Undemanding, enthusiastic, loving, very attached to its owner and easy to train. Also a very good companion and an excellent watchdog.

    Head:

    Seen from above, trapezoidal in shape and moderately wide; the upper longitudinal axes of the skull and muzzle are slightly divergent.

    Cranial region:
    • Skull: It is wide in the region of the zygomatic arches, and it is as long as it is wide. Seen on side, from occiput to naso-frontal depression, must be longer than the muzzle. It is slightly convex and tends to flatten at the back of the skull. Well developed frontal sinuses, Eyebrows marked, the pronounced mid-frontal sulcus, occipital crest short and underdeveloped, slightly marked supraorbital fossa.
    • Stop: Not too pronounced, but obvious.

    facial region:

    • Truffle: Large with wide open and mobile nostrils. Strongly pronounced middle groove. In profile, The nose continues on the same level as the snout and stands out very slightly from the front edge of the lips. The color varies from light brown to dark, depending on the color of the coat.
    • Snout: Very wide, slightly shorter than the skull, its depth is only slightly less than the length. The muzzle is slightly wedge-shaped and gives a rather blunt profile. The nasal bridge has a straight profile.
    • Lips: The lips are not too thick; they are rather tight, so that the jaw determines the lower profile of the snout. The lips are covered with a rather shaggy long haired mustache. Seen from the front, The lips form a wide semicircle. The color of the edge of the lips varies from light to dark.
    • Jaws / Teeth: Strong jaws with almost straight branches and relatively broad mandibular body. Scissor or pincer bite with well-developed white full teeth. A slight reverse scissor bite is acceptable.
    • Cheeks: Flat.
    • Eyes: Big but never over the top, round, completely fill the eye socket and are quite far apart. The color of the iris ranges from ocher to hazelnut and dark brown, depending on the color of the coat. The eyelids are well adjusted and the color varies from light brown to dark. Very well developed eyelashes. Look alert, lively and cheerful expression.
    • Ears: Medians in proportion to the head, triangular with rounded tips; its base is rather broad; inserted just above the zygomatic arches. Hanging at rest or slightly elevated when the dog is attentive. If they stretch towards the nose they should reach 1/4 the length of the muzzle. The inside of the atrium is also covered with hair.

       

    Neck:

    Strong, muscular, delgado, its cross section is oval; well inserted from the nape of the neck and absolutely free of dewlap, slightly arched. In males the neck perimeter can reach twice its length. The length of the neck is slightly less than the total length of the head.

    Body:

    Compact and strong, the same length as your height at the withers.

    • top line: Straight from the withers to the rump.
    • Cross: Rises above the level of the rump; the highest points of the scapulae are not too close together but set high and lean back well.
    • Back: Straight, very muscular.
    • Pork loin: Short, very strong, slightly convex profile. The width is equal to or slightly greater than its length.
    • Rump: Long, wide, muscular, slightly tilted.
    • Breast : Well developed, reaching to the elbows. Although quite narrow in the front, from the sixth rib it widens towards the back.
    • Bottom line and belly: Long sternal section in the form of a straight line; then slightly retracted

    Tail:

    Insertion neither too high nor too low tapering towards the end. When hanging, it should barely reach the hock. Is covered in woolly or somewhat chalky hair. At rest wears scimitar-shaped; when attentive decidedly elevated. When working or excited you can carry it on your back, but never curled.

    Tips

    Former members:
    • General appearance: Regular, upright viewed from the front and in profile.
    • Shoulder: Long shoulder blades, well leaning back (52 ยฐ -55 ยฐ), muscular, strong and tightly attached to the chest, but with a free movement.
    • Arm: muscular, thin bone structure, the same length as the scapula, His inclination with respect to horizontal is 58ยบ - 60ยบ.
    • Elbows: Well attached to the chest but not too tight, covered with thin skin; parallel to the mid-sagittal plane of the body like the arms. The tip of the elbow is located in a vertical line from the posterior end of the scapula to the ground.
    • Forearm: Perfectly vertical, long, with compact and strong bones of oval section.
    • Carpo: Seen from the front in a vertical line with the forearm; fine, robust and mobile; markedly protruding pisiform bone.
    • Metacarpus: Somewhat thinner and thinner in bone compared to the forearm, it is thin and flexible. In profile, forming an angle of 75 ยฐ -80 ยฐ regarding the ground.
    • Previous feet: Slightly round, compact, with arched and clenched fingers. Strong and curved nails. Well pigmented pads. Very well developed interdigital membranes.
    Later members:
    • General appearance: Powerful, vertical position, seen from the back, well proportioned to the size of the dog and parallel.
    • Thigh: Long, With well -defined and visible muscles. The shaft of the femur has a marked inclination of 80 ยฐ regarding horizontal. The thigh is parallel to the median plane of the body.
    • Knee: The knee angle ranges from 130 ยฐ -135 ยฐ.
    • Leg: Slightly longer than the thigh, of good bones and muscular, with marked muscle groove. Its inclination with respect to the horizontal is 50 ยฐ a 55 ยฐ. Its direction is parallel to the median plane of the body.
    • Hock: Width, thick, delgado, with a marked and well angulated bone.
    • Metatarsus: Delgado, cylindrical, perpendicular to the ground. Without spurs.
    • Hind feet: Slightly more oval than the previous ones and the fingers somewhat less arched.

    Movement:

    Regular step; brisk and fast jog, gallop for short periods.

    Skin

    Thin, stuck all over the body, without wrinkles. The pigmentation of the skin in connection with the mucous membranes and that of the pads varies from light brown to dark and very dark.

    Mantle

    • Fur: Wool texture, never braided to form fine cords, semi-rough texture with tight ring-shaped curls and visible undercoat. The curls should be evenly distributed throughout the body and tail., except in the head, where the curls are not so tight, forming abundant eyebrows, mustaches and beard. The cheeks are covered with thick hair. In the ears, hair tends to show looser curls, but it's still very wavy. No short hair in the ears. The outer hair and especially the sub hair are waterproof. If it is not trimmed, hair tends to become felt (since it continues to grow), so a complete cut should be done at least once a year. Felt textured outer and inner hair should be removed periodically. The trimmed hair should not have more than four centimeters and must be uniform with the dog's silhouette. Only in the head can it be longer, but not long enough to cover the eyes. In the area around the genitals and the anus the hair should be short. Hair should not be shaped or brushed like a Poodle or a Bichon Frise or be cut short to avoid curling or texture can be assessed. Any excess haircut will exclude the dog from being graded. The correct cut helps accentuate the natural look, rustic and typical of the race.
    • Color: solid off-white, white with brown or orange spots, orange roan, ruano, brown (in different shades) with or without white, orange with or without white. Some dogs have a brown to dark brown mask. Tan stains are allowed (in different shades).


    Size and weight:

    Height to the cross:

    • Males: 43- 48 cm. (ideal height: 46 cm.).
    • females: 41- 46 cm. (ideal height: 43 cm.)

    tolerance 1 cm more or less.

    Weight:

    • Males: 13 - 16 kg.
    • females: 11 - 14 kg.


    Fouls:

    Any deviation from the aforementioned criteria is considered as a fault and the severity of this is considered to the degree of the deviation to the standard and its consequences on the health and well-being of the dog., and the dog's ability to perform its traditional task.

    disqualifying fouls:
    • Aggressiveness or extreme shyness.
    • Any dog โ€‹โ€‹showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities.
    • Atypical specimen.
    • Converging axes of skull and muzzle.
    • Partial depigmentation and / the total.
    • Concave muzzle.
    • Enognathic bite
    • Pronounced prognathic bite.
    • Eyes gazeos.
    • Tail carried curled on the back; anuria the glue cut, either congenital or artificial.
    • amputated tail.
    • Hair not curly or trimmed too short.
    • Hair forming cords.
    • Carved cut.
    • Black hair color, black spots or black pigmentation.
    • Over or under the indicated size.


    N.B.:
    • Males should have two normal-appearing testicles fully descended into the scrotum..
    • Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with the typical conformation of the breed, should be used for parenting.

    The latest changes are in bold

    Via: FCI

    Source: F.C.I - International Cynological Federation

    Alternative names:

    1. Lagotto Romagnolo (English).
    2. Lagotto Romagnolo, Lagotto (French).
    3. Lagotto Romagnolo (German).
    4. Lagotto romagnolo (Portuguese).
    5. Lagotto romagnolo, Lagotto de Romagna, Perro de laguna de Romagna (espaรฑol).

    โ–ท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

    Curly-coated Retriever
    Inglaterra FCI 110 . Retrievers

    Retriever de Pelo Rizado

    The Curly-coated Retriever Unlike the other "Hunting Retriever Dogs" it is a very good guardian.

    Content

    History

    The Curly-coated Retriever It has existed since the late 18th century and is originally from the United Kingdom. It is the oldest Retriever type breed, and it is even believed that the first dog was used as a hunting dog.

    Its exact origins are unclear., but he is believed to have many ancestors, as the Wetterhoun, the Irish Water Spaniel, the Newfoundland, the Barbet and races already extinct, as the "St. John's Newfoundland", the "Old English Water Spaniel", the โ€œGreat Rough Spanielโ€, the "Tweed Spaniel", the "English water spaniel" of the 16th century, the "Setter Retriever" and the "Lesser Newfoundland". The curly hairs on his coat are the subject of debate among specialists: some say they are due to crossing with Poodle during the 19th century, while others argue that it owes them to Irish Water Spaniel o al Wetterhoun, and that Poodle it only improved the curls.

    Bred to hunt birds, especially pheasants, quail and grouse, the Curly-coated Retriever could retrieve its prey from water or tall grass with great ease. They were highly prized by game rangers, who considered them perfect companions, and by Roma nomads, those who helped track the hunt. His great courage and sense of perseverance were highly appreciated and useful during hunting parties..

    His first official appearance at a dog show was in 1860 in Birmingham (United Kingdom). Originally, the Curly-coated Retriever and the Flat-Coated Retriever were exhibited together as one dog. But, it soon became more and more common to display them separately, that is to say, as different races.

    The Curly-coated Retriever reached their peak in the mid-19th century. They were highly prized by hunters and were even shipped in large numbers to New Zealand. (in 1889) and to Australia, especially to the areas near the Murray River, to carry out the same missions that were entrusted to them in the United Kingdom, but also sometimes to hunt kangaroos. Here, too, he did not fail to demonstrate his great courage and his formidable hunting skills.. But, The Strong> Curly Hair Coat of these territories were raised in a slightly different way than those of Europe, since breeders were looking for a finer morphology. Between the years 50 and 60, Australian breeders imported Darelyn Aristocrat, Sarona Simon, Banworth Simon, Banwort Athene y Pegasus, dogs that have been of great importance in the evolution of the breed, since they are still in the family tree of most of their local representatives.

    In Europe, the breed was one of the first to be recognized by the Kennel Club (KC), which remains today the reference canine organization in the United Kingdom, after its creation in 1873. But, early twentieth century, the breed's popularity declined quite quickly, largely due to the arrival of the Labrador Retriever, that many hunters began to prefer. The conflicts of the first half of the 20th century did not help. After World War I, there were only a handful of people registered. Work was done to increase the number of registered hunters, but WWII soon ruined these efforts.

    The Curly-coated Retriever arrived in the United States in 1907 hailing from the UK and the breed was recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1924. But, remained quite rare in America, at least until the end of the decade 1960, when many specimens were imported from Australia, England and New Zealand, where the brood was most developed. The breed was accepted in 1960 by the United Kennel Club (UKC), the other reference canine organization in the country. But, until 1979 no breed club was created, the ยซCurly-Coated Club of Americaยป, which highlights the relative lack of interest in race. But the breed remained rare in this territory, and it still is today. The same is true in Canada, where it was introduced shortly after.

    It was also accepted by the Fรฉdรฉration Cynologique Internationale (FCI) in 1954.

    In the news, the Curly-coated Retriever It is the least represented breed of "Hunting Retriever Dogs" in the world.. Its total population is estimated at about 5.000 individuals, of which approximately 2.000 are in the United States. Occupies the position 160 (of something less than 200) in the breed classification established by the AKC based on the number of annual registrations in the organization.

    In the United Kingdom, the KC records about 70 births per year. The exact figure sometimes varies significantly from year to year., but the trend has remained stable throughout 2010.

    Less than in Australia, which is one of the countries with the largest contingent of representatives of the breed, since there he is still especially appreciated for his hunting skills. Since the middle of the first decade of the 21st century, a hundred dogs are registered each year in the Australian National Kennel Council (ANKC), the reference body of the country. But, This represents a decrease with respect to the figures observed since the mid-1990s. 1980 until the dawn of the new millennium and the beginning of the decade of 1990, when there were some 150 births per year, and even more than 200 in some years.

    In France, the Curly-coated Retriever still very weird: since the years 90, with some exceptions, barely more than 10 copies per year in the Livre des Origines Franรงais (LOF).

    Physical characteristics

    Sometimes confused with the "Labradoodle." (mix of Labrador Retriever and Poodle), the Curly-coated Retriever stands out above all for its fur decorated with many small curls. They are solid, always upright and with a body slightly longer than tall. Chest is deep, deep and deep, reaching to the elbows. Its upper line is very horizontal, their loins are short but strong. The neck is of medium length and opens to muscular, sloping shoulders.

    The tail is a harmonious extension of the topline., that reaches the hocks. In general, carried straight and horizontal.

    The front legs are straight, well placed under the body, and the rear ones are muscular. The legs are rounded and have webbed toes, which contributes to being an excellent swimmer.

    The head is quite angular and has a skull the same length as the muzzle. The nose is the same color as the fur, that is to say, black or liver. The eyes are large and oval in shape. They are dark brown in black-coated dogs and any shade of brown in liver-coated dogs.. The ears are drooping and quite small.: reach a little above the eyes. The jaw is powerful and scissor-shaped., but no less delicate for that: this allows it to return its prey to the hunter without damaging its skin.

    The coat of the Curly-coated Retriever is your brand. Has a black or brown fur (liver) solid formed by small curls that remain glued to the skin and cover the body from head to tail, although sometimes they are somewhat looser in the ears. The hair has a fairly soft texture but is very resistant, and provides excellent protection against water, the climate and vegetation. They are usually a little longer in the ears, the belly, the thighs, feet and legs. During the exhibitions, the hair on the tail is usually trimmed for purely aesthetic reasons. Last, does not have undercoat. On the other hand, their fur is usually somewhat oily, making you more likely to cause reactions in people with dog allergies.

    Last, the breed is characterized by a fairly marked sexual dimorphism: not content with being bigger than female, the male is also noticeably more massive, with a much more developed musculature.

    Size and weight

      ▷ Male size: Of 67 to 70 cm.
      ▷ Female size From 62 to 64 cm.
      ▷ Male Weight From 31 to 36 kg
      ▷ Female Weight From 31 to 36 kg

    Varieties

    Murray River Curly Coated Retriever
    Murray River Curly Coated Retriever

    Since the 19th century there has been a smaller version of the Curly-coated Retriever, call ยซMurray River Curly-Coated Retrieverยป, but it is not recognized by canine organizations, incluido el Australian National Kennel Council (ANKC) from his native Australia.

    Not all breeders of Curly-coated Retriever they have the same opinion: some consider him a distinct breed, while others see it simply as a variety of this type of "Hunting Retriever Dogs.". But, DNA tests performed on 2010 they showed that the ยซMurray River Curly-Coated Retrieverยป is closer to Spaniels than Retrievers. In fact, is the result of the crosses between these two types of dogs: the American Water Spaniel, the Irish Water Spaniel, the "English Springer Spaniel", the Chesapeake Bay Retriever and the Curly-coated Retriever.

    Character and skills

    The Curly-coated Retriever he is extremely endearing and is very attached to his family, to which he is very attached: wants to literally follow them everywhere from morning to night, without enjoying more than sharing their various activities.

    Very playful regardless of age, gets along especially well with children, who are excellent playmates for him, and vice versa: they can spend hours together enjoying themselves in a happy and jovial atmosphere. He especially likes to search for and retrieve objects such as a ball, often to the delight of the little ones. So, it is clearly a recommended dog for children, but keep in mind that a dog should never be left with a small child without adult supervision. This is true for all races, but it is even more so with an animal of such size, since it is easy to push or even run over it by accident.

    Although it is less demanding than the Labrador Retriever or the Smooth-haired Retriever, the Curly-coated Retriever need a good dose of daily physical activity. His owners must be able to allow him to exercise for at least one hour each day.

    This can be done, of course, taking walks and playing with the children, but also, for example, practicing various sports for which it is especially indicated, like agility, the flyball or the discdog. The ob-rythmรฉe allows you to show the quality of your education, and reinforce it at the same time.

    It also, if a lake is found on the road during a walk, no hesitation in letting yourself take a dip in it: the Curly-coated Retriever feels like all Retrievers an undisguised pleasure to evolve in the water, and he is an excellent swimming dog.

    In short, the need to exercise Curly-coated Retriever it is real, but it is not excessive, what makes it perfectly compatible, for example, with active retired people, who love to go for walks and find ways to let her get enough steam out each day if walks alone aren't enough.

    This is especially true if they have, for example, a large garden in which you can run as you please. A house with a garden is also the best environment for a Curly-coated Retriever, since he likes to move outdoors. Thus, not really suitable for apartment living.

    But, its place is not a niche at the bottom of a garden or in a park: the attachment to his family makes it difficult for him to bear being so far away from her. Has to evolve by your side, In the House.

    It also, to the Curly-coated Retriever he does not like to be alone. Even though I appreciate dog puzzles, that keep you busy for a while and stimulate you intellectually, gets bored quickly in the absence of their masters, and may become noisy or develop destructive behaviors. So, not recommended for an owner who is away most of the day (for example, because of work) and that, therefore, can't spend a lot of time with your pet.

    A solution to avoid loneliness is to have him share his daily life with another dog. He is very friendly and sociable with his companions, and thrives when in contact with them, which makes it an ideal option for a household that already has one or more dogs.

    If you know him from a very young age, can also live very well with a rodent, a bird or a cat. But, there is often a difference between those you don't know and those you live with. Tends to confuse the former with prey, whereas normally there is no possibility of this happening with the seconds. So, despite being sociable with other human beings, Precautions should be taken during the first encounter between a Curly-coated Retriever and a cat, rodent or bird that is unknown to you.

    If he Curly-coated Retriever is able to make his family happy and to integrate wonderfully into it, do not be fooled: Your ride is not like a long calm river. In fact, although at first glance it seems very easy to live with him and he is a close cousin of the Golden Retriever and of the Labrador Retriever, which have a reputation for being "easy" breeds, not as easy to handle as they.

    In fact, sometimes he can be somewhat distant and indifferent to orders. Being very smart, they like to judge what is good for them and what is not, and they are more independent than their cousin the labrador. For this reason, sometimes it's hard to get their attention when you've decided you don't like an exercise, for example.

    It is also a dog that matures slowly, so you have to be patient at first. It also, if used for hunting, it is quite vain to expect me to work before 2 or 3 years, because he is not very efficient during his prolonged period of adolescence. But, knows how to compensate later, showing its great qualities as a working dog: armed with a very strong determination, don't give in until homework is done.

    While waiting for the threshold at which you have reached -finally- Adulthood, what is around 3 years, sustained training is necessary to be obedient, and also to try to make it less destructive. In fact, during all this time, far from being the wisest, since it has a tendency to tip over and, above all, to chew everything in its path. In fact, any fragile or valuable object should be kept out of their reach. Nor should we be surprised to see him walking with slippers or cushions: be destined to inform for centuries, take objects in the mouth and move them (potentially degrading them in the process) it's literally without your genes. At the beginning, it may also be wise to give access to only a few rooms in the house, thus limiting breakage. You should also offer him toys that he can easily damage, to try to direct your attention to objects that are safe. You can also bite the hands of those around you.

    Distrustful of strangers, he is shy at first with the guests, although he verifies that his master welcomes them very positively. On the other hand, when faced with a human being who is obviously unwelcome, he is quite protective and even impressive, and won't stop barking loudly to deter the intruder. It is an excellent watchdog.

    On the other hand, if you are balanced and capable enough to exercise, not especially loud, and only uses his voice to warn of the arrival of a stranger.

    Observations

    The Curly-coated Retriever, It is a rare watch dog and find, both in their country of origin and in the rest of the world.

    A key characteristic in his character, unlike other Retrievers, is that he is usually very reรฑidor with other dogs, and that can that he has hindered its spread…

    Education

    To the Curly-coated Retriever fundamentally loves to learn; once you are motivated, training sessions are a pure pleasure, and progresses exponentially.

    But, this motivation does not come naturally, since he has a tendency to judge for himself the interest of each of the exercises that are proposed to him. If you are not convinced by the day's activity, does not stop letting you know, in particular being ostensibly distant; So, sometimes it's hard to get their attention. You also need variety, so it is necessary to be able to regularly introduce something new to keep it receptive: if the same exercises are always suggested, gets bored quickly and shifts attention to something else. The owner's mood also influences their dog's motivation: a smiling and cheerful attitude makes you much more willing to listen and work. He is also very receptive to positive reinforcement methods., that are based on the use of all kinds of rewards (compliments, candies, petting) to encourage you to give your best.

    You need a teacher who is not only intelligent and enthusiastic, but have some confidence in yourself, capable of instilling in him a good working base and the limits that he should not cross. If that is not the case, your great intelligence can lead you to win the game.

    One of the main trends you should try to address is the puppy's propensity to engage in destructive behavior and, in particular, to bite and nibble everything that is put in the mouth. In principle, this disappears in adulthood, but it may be wise to suppress this type of behavior when caught on the spot, in an attempt to limit the phenomenon. This is especially true when taking it out on family members, with both adults and younger children: may look pretty and harmless when they are still very young, but it can be much more dangerous once they are adults.

    This is especially helpful, since the Curly-coated Retriever takes a while to become an adult, and can be immature to a fairly old age. These may include, some dogs used for hunting are not really trained to go out into the field and be really effective at it until the 3 years of age. So, it is necessary to have some patience and understanding in the first years of life…

    In any case, individuals destined to have sex in water must get used to entering and evolving in water as soon as possible. Usually, this is not a problem, since representatives of this breed are naturally attracted to water points, but they move more easily since they swim in them since they are very young. They must also be taught their future role as hunters and rapporteurs. To the extent that they carry it in their genes, it is not a major difficulty, but you have to teach them to do it under the orders of their owner, so that they do not harm the prey when catching it.

    Last, like any dog, the Curly-coated Retriever must benefit from great socialization work started at a very young age. This is all the more necessary since they often tend to distrust strangers. So, it is necessary to make him know all kinds of humans and other animals (both congeners and representatives of other species), but also expose him to all kinds of stimuli (noises, smells…) and environments. This helps them feel comfortable in any circumstance and prevents negative reactions such as stress., fear or distrust in the face of what is unknown to them. A well socialized puppy lives much better with humans.

    Health

    In general, the Curly-coated Retriever is in good health.

    Besides having an original look, its coat is highly waterproof and protects it from inclement weather and especially low temperatures.

    But, is more exposed to certain potential problems:

    • The Hip Dysplasia, which affects most large dogs and is usually hereditary. The femur does not fit perfectly into the pelvic socket of the hip joint; some individuals show no symptoms, but others suffer pain and lameness. Osteoarthritis can also develop over time as the animal ages;
    • elbow dysplasia, also hereditary and common in large dogs, especially in Retrievers. This developmental abnormality of the elbow affects one or both front legs and causes lameness., often even before the puppy is one year old. Usually requires surgical intervention;
    • Dilatation-torsion of the stomach, a serious syndrome that affects large dogs with deep chests, as the Curly-coated Retriever. The animal dies quickly if a veterinarian is unable to intervene quickly ;
    • The type III glycogenosis, which consists of an excessive accumulation of glycogen in the liver and muscles. Provokes, among other things, weakness, rigidity, exercise intolerance, increased need for sleep and difficulty swallowing. It is incurable and leads to the death of the dog around the 2 years of age;
    • The epilepsy, which is the result of excessive electrical activity in the brain and leads to short and more or less regular seizures. With good veterinary care and the use of appropriate medication, normally does not prevent the animal from leading a normal life ;
    • The alopecia, that is to say, refined and progressive hair loss in various parts of the body, according to different possible patterns. Do not let the dog spend a long time lying on hard and rough surfaces, like concrete, helps limit the problem.

    Like all Retriever-type dogs, the Curly-coated Retriever you also have an increased risk of developing tumors and other cancers. In fact, it is the main cause of death in this breed, long before old age, According to a study carried out jointly in 2004 by the British Kennel Club and the British Small Animal Veterinary Association. More concretely, the most common forms of cancer seen in this breed are :

    • The linfosarcoma, one of the most common cancers of all races. It can appear in various parts of the body, like spleen, the gastrointestinal tract, lymph nodes, the liver and bone marrow. Treatment is by chemotherapy, sometimes in addition to surgery. Referral rates are pretty good;
    • The adenocarcinoma, which is the development of malignant cells most often from the uterus, mammary glands and intestines. Most of the time, these cells spread to the lungs or anus. Surgery is often used to treat this disease.;
    • The fibrosarcoma, a tumor that can affect any part of the body, including bones. surgery is inevitable, and sometimes chemotherapy is required, immunotherapy or radiation therapy. The prognosis for recovery varies greatly from case to case.;
    • The mast cell tumors, which are the most common in the skin of dogs. Most often they form on the legs, around the anus or on the chest, but they can also arise towards the head or neck. Treatment varies from case to case, but usually includes surgery and chemotherapy;
    • The melanoma is a cancer that affects the cells that produce pigments in the skin, called melanocytes. Although most melanomas are found on the skin, They can also develop on the gums, and treatment may require amputation of part of the jaw. Usually treated with surgery and chemotherapy;
    • The hemangiosarcoma, a form of malignant cancer found in the lining of blood vessels and in the spleen. Can be treated with surgery and chemotherapy, but the affected animal is unlikely to recover;
    • The osteosarcoma, a bone cancer that initially causes lameness. Usually entails amputation of the affected leg and heavy chemotherapy. It is very rare to be able to survive this disease, as the problem is often diagnosed too late. Once identified, the affected person may live between 9 months and 2 years longer than if it had not been treated.

    Once identified, an affected dog can live between 9 months and 2 years longer than if it had not been attended.

    Last, the breed is also especially prone to eye problems, as :

    • The entropion, corresponding to a defect that rolls the eyelid inward, causing irritation of the eyeball. Both eyes may be affected or only one; in both cases, surgical intervention can be performed to remedy the problem;
    • The ectropion, a curl defect of the lower eyelid. The lower eyelid then does not perform its function of protecting the eye, which makes you more susceptible to irritation or conjunctivitis. Surgery is used to treat the most severe cases;
    • The distiquiasis, an abnormality in the implantation of eyelashes on the eyelids that can cause irritation of the eye and even the development of corneal ulcers;
    • Persistent pupillary membrane, when the dog's pupillary membrane stays in place, while normally it is supposed to disappear during its first 6 months. The dog's vision is usually slightly affected;
    • The cataract, that can affect one or both eyes and cause partial or total opacity of the same. At the beginning, cataracts cause very little damage to the dog's vision, but they end up causing total blindness when they reach a more advanced stage. Surgery can fix it;
    • Progressive retinal atrophy, a family of incurable eye diseases that cause progressive deterioration of the retina. At the beginning, those affected have difficulty seeing at night, but as the disease progresses, the dog ends up going totally blind;
    • the retinal dysplasia, a malformation of the retina that can cause, in the most serious cases, a detached retina and, Therefore, dog blindness.

    It also, individuals who are engaged in hunting -and, in general, everyone who spends a lot of time outdoors- are more at risk of injury, but also parasites and spikes, that those who are only meant to keep company.

    Last, the Curly-coated Retriever have a significant predisposition to gain weight. So, a certain vigilance is necessary in this matter, since obesity can, just like in humans, cause or aggravate many health problems.

    In view of the large number of hereditary diseases to which the breed is exposed, go to a serious breeder of Curly-coated Retriever it is essential to maximize the chances of adopting a healthy animal free from such defects. In addition to the results of the genetic tests carried out on the parents and / or the puppy, the professional must be able to provide a certificate of good health established by a veterinarian, as well as the data of the administered vaccines, registered in the dog's health or vaccination card.

    From then on, as for any race, the best way to keep you in good health is to invest in prevention. It is especially important that your dog is examined at least once a year by a veterinarian: as well as making sure you are up to date on your vaccinations, This can help you quickly spot a potential problem and remedy it before it becomes too serious..

    Life expectancy

    The life expectancy average of Curly-coated Retriever, is of 14,9 years, Although there are cases of dogs who have lived up 15 or 17 years of age.

    Grooming

    Contrary to what you might think at first glance, the maintenance of the coat of the Curly-coated Retriever it's not especially complicated. A weekly brushing is enough, but special attention should be paid to the hair on the legs, the tail and behind the ears, as it is especially dense and knots easily. In general, they lose very little hair, except during the molting period, in spring and autumn: then it is necessary to increase the frequency of brushing, to avoid finding too much hair all over the house.

    These periods are also a good opportunity to bathe your dog., taking care to use a shampoo specially designed for dogs every time. In general, two bathrooms a year are enough, although, of course, do not hesitate to wash the dog when it is especially dirty. In any case, it is useless to dry it after the bath, since her hair dries very quickly. It also, your curls could be completely denatured.

    As the risk of eye diseases is quite pronounced in the Curly-coated Retriever, your eyes should be maintained carefully and on a regular basis. They should be checked and cleaned with clean water at least once a week.

    His ears are not for less, as his droopy form means he is more prone to developing infections at this level (ear infections, etc.). So, rigorous maintenance also needs to be done every week, to remove any dirt and moisture that may have accumulated. It also, to avoid the latter, it is recommended to dry them systematically every time they come out of the water.

    Your weekly maintenance session is also an opportunity to brush your teeth with a toothpaste designed for cats.. This helps to avoid the formation of tartar and the health problems that it can lead to as much as possible.. Ideally, do it more often than once a week, or even daily.

    Their claws require much less attention, especially in subjects who spend a lot of time outdoors. Natural wear and tear is usually enough to file them. But, it is advisable to remain vigilant and check from time to time that it is not necessary to cut them by hand. This is so as soon as they touch the ground, that is to say, when you hear its rattle on hard surfaces; otherwise, they could not only annoy you, but also break, at the risk of hurting you.

    Regular coat care, the eyes, the ears, teeth and claws should be done delicately, rigor and precision. The first time, don't hesitate to ask a vet or groomer to show you how to do it, to learn the proper gestures. It also, accustoming your dog from a young age allows him to consider these manipulations as something normal, and that these moments take place with tranquility and good humor.

    It also, it helps to take a little time to examine your dog when you return from hunting or spending a lot of time outdoors (especially in a place with a lot of vegetation, like a forest). In addition to a possible injury, this may reveal the presence of spikelets, ticks or other parasites that may have attached to the dog. In fact, they are likely to cause problems in the short to medium term, sometimes serious or even fatal.

    Utility

    The Curly-coated Retriever was originally created and developed as a hunting dog, especially to recover prey -especially birds- from hard-to-reach areas such as ponds and tall grass.
    Today it continues to fulfill this function., and in some countries, like New Zealand, this is its main use.

    But, the most common is to find him as a family companion, since he always gets along very well with children and loves to follow his masters everywhere. But, it should be able to satisfy your need for a lot of exercise, which makes it an excellent option for athletes.

    Very athletic and eager to learn, can excel in many dog รขโ‚ฌโ€นรขโ‚ฌโ€นsports disciplines, starting with agility, the flyball, the discdog, obedience and prescription.

    Your distrust of strangers, its propensity to bark loudly and its size also make it an effective watchdog.

    Price

    The Curly-coated Retriever he is the hardest retriever to find.

    In Europe, it is even a very rare breed of dog, except in your country of origin. There are only a handful of breeders outside the country of origin, and prices usually range from 900 and 1200 EUR. But, sometimes you have to wait a long time on the waiting list…

    One solution may be to look in the UK to adopt a puppy from Curly-coated Retriever, since the offer is much wider. The cost of adopting a puppy from Curly-coated Retriever in the UK it is much higher. The normal cost ranges from 600 and 800 sterling (700 and 900 EUR), plus the cost of paperwork and transportation. It also, in that case, It is advisable to find out about the regulations regarding the importation of a dog from abroad and to respect them.

    whatever the country, the price depends, as for any dog, of brood fame, the prestige of the lineage from which it comes and, of course, its intrinsic characteristics, especially physical.

    Characteristics "Curly-coated Retriever"

    Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "Curly-coated Retriever" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

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    ยซCurly-coated retrieverยป images

    Videos of the โ€œCurly-Coated Retrieverโ€

    Type and recognitions:

    • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
    • Group :
    • Section : . .

    Federations:

    • – FCI – Group 8: Retrievers - Flushing Dogs - Water Dogs – Section 1: Retrievers โ“˜
    • – AKC – Sporting โ“˜
    • – ANKC – Group 3 (Gundogs) โ“˜
    • – CKC – Sporting Dogs โ“˜
    • – โ€‹KC – Gundog โ“˜
    • – NZKC – Gundog โ“˜
    • – UKC – Gun Dogs โ“˜

    FCI breed standard "Curly-coated Retriever"

    Origin:
    United Kingdom, England

    Date of publication of the valid original standard:
    28.07.2009

    Use:

    Hunting retriever.



    General appearance:

    Strong dog, Active, elegant demeanor with distinctive coat.

    IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS: Slightly longer body, measured from tip of shoulder to tip of ischium, that the height at the cross.



    Behavior / temperament:

    Smart dog, balanced, trustworthy, brave, affable character, self-aware and independent. May seem reserved.

    Head:

    View of front and side it has a wedge. Well-proportioned body.

    Cranial region:
    • Skull: Skull and muzzle are of the same length. Top axes of the skull and the muzzle are parallel.
    • Depression links (Stop): Bit strong.

    facial region:

    • Truffle: Black on black copies, brown (liver) in the Brown specimens.
    • Jaws / Teeth: Strong jaws with perfect scissors bite, regular and complete, that is to say that the inner side of the upper incisors is in close contact with the external surface of the lower incisors, the teeth being well placed perpendicularly in the jaws.

    Eyes: Large, No bulging, oval-shaped, in an oblique position. Black in black dogs; in brown dogs (liver) they present a color that blends with the color of the fur.

    Ears: Quite small, insertion just higher than the eye line; well attached to the head and well covered with short curls.

    Neck:

    Strong, slightly arched, moderately long, without jowl; free and loose, He joins harmoniously well oblique shoulders.

    Body:

    • top line: Well sustained, level. The distance between the cross and the insertion of the tail is slightly longer than that between the cross and the soil.
    • Pork loin: Short, vigorous, strong.
    • Breast : Deep well, transverse oval, reaching the elbows; the sill is visible; ribs are snugly and securely extend backwards.
    • Bottom line and belly: Slightly gathered.

    Tail:

    In harmonious extension of the upper line; It should reach approximately the Hock. When is the dog moving, is carried straight at the level of the upper line.

    Tips

    PREVIOUS MEMBERS: Straight, well located beneath the body.

    • Shoulder: Well muscled and oblique.
    • Arms: The scapula and arm are approximately the same length.
    • Metacarpus: Strong.
    • Front feet: Round, compact. Well arched toes

    LATER MEMBERS: Strong and muscular.

    • Stifle-warm-patellar angulation (knee): Moderately angled.
    • Hock: Well descended and layered.
    • Rear feet: Round, compact. Well arched toes.

    Movement:

    Journey without effort, free and energetic, with a good range of the forelimbs and a strong push from the hind limbs. Members move in a parallel plane. As speed increases, the limbs tend to approach the median plane ยซ (single tracking ยป).

    Mantle

    Fur: Fully covered body, from the back of the head to the tip of the tail, for a lot of hair in the form of small firm curls, tight, well glued to the skin and frizzy hair. Without inner layer of hairs and no bald spots. Elsewhere hair smooth.

    COLOR: Black or brown (liver).



    Size and weight:

    Height to the cross:

    • Males: 67,5 cm. (27 inches).
    • females: 62,5 cm. (25 inches).


    Fouls:

    Any deviation from the aforementioned criteria is considered as a fault and the severity of this is considered to the degree of the deviation to the standard and its consequences on the health and well-being of the dog., and the ability of the dog to carry out their traditional work.

    FALTAS DESCALIFICANTES

    • Aggressive or fearful dog.
    • Any dog โ€‹โ€‹showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities must be disqualified..


    N.B.:

    โ€ข Males must have two normal-appearing testicles fully descended into the scrotum..
    โ€ข Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with the typical conformation of the breed, should be used for parenting.

    TRANSLATION: Lic. Oscar Valverde Calvo (Costa Rica) and Jorge Nallem (Uruguay).

    Source: F.C.I - International Cynological Federation

    Alternative names:

    1. Curly (English).
    2. Curly (French).
    3. kraus gelockter Retriever (German).
    4. Curly (Portuguese).
    5. Retriever de pelo rizado, Curly, CCR, (en inglรฉs: Curly Coated Retriever) (espaรฑol).

    โ–ท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

    Clumber Spaniel
    Inglaterra FCI 109 . Flushing Dogs

    Clumber Spaniel

    This Clumber Spaniel medium to large size is sweet and gentle, with a deceptively relaxed appearance

    Content

    History

    Little is really known about the origins of the breed., but legend says that the Duc de Noailles of France He gave his dear spaniels his English counterpart, the Duke of Newcastle, to save them from the horrors of the French Revolution. The dogs were sent to the estate of the Duke in Clumber Park, which later they acquired the name of race. Based on the paintings of that time, the Clumber They have not changed much in two centuries: Dogs still have a somewhat reserved temperament, as well as a sensitive appearance, rather than striking. The Basset Hound and a dog known as spaniel alpino (an extinct race), probably listed in your genealogy.

    Interest in the race continued during the nineteenth century, and even they were exhibited Clumbers in one of the first dog shows in 1859. The Clumber Spaniels also they became popular among the British aristocracy. Real race fans included the prince albert and a Edward VII.

    It has been allowed to be heavier, starting at 1950, and the weight limit is currently 34 Kg despite the excess in some specimens. Anyway, breed lovers make sure that this large does not cause any weakness in his hind.

    Did you know??

    Some major British were in love with the Clumber Spaniel: The husband of Queen Victoria, prince albert, as well as Edward VII, They were both fans of the race.

    Physical characteristics

    It is a well balanced dog, of bones strong, Active, with a reflective expression; overall appearance denoting strength. The Clumber should be firm, active and able to perform daily work in the field.

    Its shape is similar to that of the Sussex Spaniel smaller. The Clumber It has a heavy bone structure, Their fur is dense, Weatherproof, straight and flat, with hair around the ears, belly and legs. The tufts are predominantly white with lemon colored spots, brown or orange around the eyes and the base of the tail.

    WEIGHT:
    Ideal weight: Males: 29,5 โ€“ 34 kg. females: 25 – 29,5 kg.

    Character and skills

    According to the breed standard, the Clumber Spaniel He is loyal and affectionate with his family. It can be reserved with strangers, but he is never aggressive or shy. Good words for firm include, reliable, friendly and worthy… but do not let that fool you their dignified behavior. The Clumber is very smart, determined to get what he wants, and more agile than it looks. During his puppy, which usually lasts until three or four years, it can be a wild dog running through the house at breakneck speed and gets into many problems. (For some, Part of getting into trouble never ends.) On the positive side, the Clumber also it tends to stay young at heart well into old age.

    if they grow up together, the Clumber and children can become fast friends. If you don't have children yet, make sure your Clumber gets to know your friends' kids often and from an early age, to get used to the loud screams and rapid movements. The Clumber also gets along well with other dogs, and it is friendly with cats, ferrets and other small pets, as long as the know. Because of its sporty nature, considers that the furry or feathered creatures that live outdoors are animals hunting. In other words, is more likely that your Clumber swallow your whole wild bird to look after him delicately.

    On a walk, the Clumber it moves at a slow and steady pace. Does not have the high energy levels of many other pick-and-point breeds, but it has the ability to break through any type of shrub that stand in your way. It also, It has an infinite resistance, so it is a great companion for hiking and hunting, recovering quickly and enjoys water. To keep fit and out of trouble, need rides 20 to 30 minutes twice a day. If you have a fenced yard, Do not assume that exercised. Like the rest of us, the Clumber need motivation from a friend to get up and go.

    The Clumber It is an independent thinker, so i can be stubborn. Train Your Clumber requires patience and the ability to convince him to do what you want is actually all her idea. It's a good problem solver; The point is that the problem that often involves doing something forbidden resolved. any dog, no matter how nice it is, You may develop obnoxious barking levels… and the Clumber is no exception. Some Clumbers They are naturally quiet, other bark at all, and some of them fall somewhere in the middle. If you live with, Let's say, a burrow, expects you Clumber learn to bark a lot.

    Start training your puppy the day you bring him home. Even at eight weeks old, He is able to absorb everything you can teach. Don't wait until you have 6 months to start training him or you'll have to deal with a more stubborn dog. If possible, take him to puppy kindergarten class when he's between 10 and 12 weeks, y socialize, socialize, socialize. But, Note that many kinds of training puppies require certain vaccinations (such as kennel cough) stay up to date, and many veterinarians recommend limited exposure to other dogs and public places until puppy vaccinations (including rabies, distemper and parvovirus) They are completed. Instead of formal training, You can start training your puppy to socialize at home and among family and friends until immunizations are completed in the puppy.

    Grooming

    White and fringed coat Clumber requires a moderate amount of toilet: If you want me to be handsome, bathe him once a month, and brush or comb his coat during 10 to 15 minutes, up to three times a week, to prevent tangles and remove dead hair. You should also cut back on their feet, ears and feathers.

    The locks were off at a moderate pace strong throughout the year, so buy a good vacuum cleaner; regular brushing will also reduce the amount of hair floating in your home.

    The rest are routine care: Trim his nails every few weeks and keep floppy ears clean and dry to prevent infection. You should also brush his teeth regularly to maintain good overall health and fresh breath.

    Health

    The Clumber Spaniel They are generally healthy, but they are susceptible to some conditions, including eye problems such as Entropion and ectropion, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, or dry eye, and falls. They may also be prone to hip dysplasia and an inherited condition called deficiency pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase , which can lead to exercise intolerance and heart and lung problems.

    Not all of these conditions are detectable on a growing puppy, and it is impossible to predict if an animal will be free of these diseases, so you need to find a reputable breeder who commit to raise healthier animals possible. You must be able to produce an independent certification that the parents of the dog (and grandparents, etc.) have been examined for common defects and considered healthy for breeding. That's where health records come in..

    Careful breeders their dogs examined for genetic diseases, and they only breed the best looking specimens, but sometimes Mother Nature has other ideas and a puppy can develop one of these conditions. In most cases, can still live a good life, thanks to advances in veterinary medicine. Having said that, not all visits to the vet involve a genetic problem. Puppies love to eat them things, so it's not uncommon for them to develop gastroenteritis (intestine garbage) or requiring surgery to remove random objects from the intestines, as hand towels and toys.

    And remember that you have the power to protect your Clumber one of the most common health problems: the obesity. You keep a healthy weight is a simple way to prolong the life of your Clumber avoiding problems such as hip dysplasia.

    Characteristics "Clumber Spaniel"

    Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "Clumber Spaniel" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

    Adaptation โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    friendly dog โ€‹โ€‹โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    hair loss โ“˜

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Affection level โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Need for exercise โ“˜

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Social need โ“˜

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Home โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Toilet โ“˜

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Friendly with strangers โ“˜

    2,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    barking โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Health โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Territorial โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Cat friendly โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Intelligence โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Versatility โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Child friendly โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Surveillance โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    joy โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Images "Clumber Spaniel"

    credits:

    1. Clumber Spaniel in Tallinn by Thomas / CC BY-SA
    2. Clumber Spaniel during show of dogs in Rybnik – Stone, Poland by Pleple2000 / CC BY-SA
    3. Clumber_spaniel at the World Dog Show in Poznaล„ by Pleple2000 / CC BY-SA
    4. 2015 Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show, New York City by Pets Adviser from Brooklyn, USA / CC BY – www.petsadviser.com
    5. Clumber Spaniel by audrey_sel / CC BY-SA
    6. A Clumber Spaniel by Canarian / CC BY-SA

    Videos "Clumber Spaniel"

    Type and recognitions:

    • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
    • Group :
    • Section : . .

    Federations:

    FCI โ“˜, AKC โ“˜, ANKC โ“˜, CKC โ“˜, โ€‹KC โ“˜, NZKC โ“˜, UKC โ“˜

    FCI breed standard Clumber Spaniel

    FCIFCI - Clumber Spaniel
    Clumber

    โ–ท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

    English Cocker Spaniel
    Inglaterra FCI 5 . Flushing Dogs

    Cocker Spaniel Inglรฉs

    The English Cocker Spaniel he is a sweet and affectionate dog. Excellent guard and loving with children.

    Content

    History

    The term spaniel it applied to any dog รขโ‚ฌโ€นรขโ‚ฌโ€นthat hunted game birds and pulled. Usually they distinguished by their size or the way they work. These may include, there was spaniels land and spaniels water. The dogs that hunted woodcocks were known as Cockers, while the larger spaniels that 'pulled' game from cover by flushing were known as Springers. At any given time, different types could be born in the same litter, but eventually they separated in races: Cocker Spaniels and English Springer Spaniel.

    In the United States and Britain, the Cocker They developed a different aspect, while began to be considered separate races. The Club of the English Cocker Spaniel America was formed in 1935 for people who appreciate the look and the different skills of the English Cocker. The American Kennel Club recognized him as an individual race 1946. The American Cocker It became more popular, but fans of the English Cocker consider their dogs a well kept secret. Today, the English Cocker ranks 66 between breeds registered by the AKC.

    Physical characteristics

    The English Cocker Spaniel, It has the benefit of having many coat colors, and each can have their favorite color. However the selection of the color does not have any influence or precedent on health.

    There are two varieties of Cocker Spaniel, the English Cocker Spaniel, from Wales and the American Cocker Spaniel, It is resulting from the adjustment of the English Cocker Spaniel to United States.

    The English Cocker Spaniel It is a strong dog, Atlรฉtico, Compact and balanced, they weigh in 12 to 15 Kg. In them, the extent of the ground to the cross (39 to 41 cm.) and this at the tail is equal, approximately. The body of the dog is compact, with a well developed chest and possess a slight tilt from the back to the tail.

    The legs are strong and muscular, especially the rear. The wide head, Lightweight aspect, with a large truffle. The English Cocker Spaniel ears are lobular shape and low insertion, at the height of the eyes. It has large eyes. They tend to be Brown, almost dark, although some Cocker they have clear.

    The expression of eyes is intelligent, alert, bright and cheerful. You can see this dog in multiple colors. Copies of solid color only allows a white patch on the chest.

    Character and skills

    The English Cocker Spaniel, It is currently a very popular dog as a companion pet., for those who enjoy the countryside. To develop this race in Wales The aim was to get a dog that would chase the chickens, herding them from their hiding places in the bushes.. Its versatility grew up and went when they realized that this dog was happy in a different position and was also able to swim.

    They enjoy playing with children (especially the females) provided that these comply, It should educate the can so that it does not jump on infants.

    While they are dogs that like to play is recommended to be very careful in dealing with these animals due to his hyperactive character.

    It is a sweet and affectionate dog. Excellent guard and loving with children. Although it is sometimes dominant. Why should be severe education from the beginning. It is a very active dog, cheerful and curious. He likes to be in family or accompanied by. It is a very sensitive breed, If it is many hours alone will be sad. You need love, care in your coat if you want to leave the long skirt.

    Grooming

    Your fur needs cut and this must be done by a professional, or the owner can acquire appropriate equipment and learn to do it himself, on the instructions of the breeder. Depending on each country, There are generally different options of professionals specialized in the grooming of pets in each city, and usually they also provide the service to pick them up and bring them back home when the Cocker It is elegantly trimmed.

    The upper teeth close over the lower teeth and are square in the jaw, and they must be cleaned regularly. Nails should be trimmed as needed. The long ears should be revised weekly and special attention, cleaning up any dirt, grass, seeds, excrement, and other waste that have been able to adhere to the same, Since as you said, they are very susceptible to suffering otitis by his excessive Seborrheic secretion. It is also common for them to have a large number of warts..

    Health

    All purebred dogs have the potential to develop genetic health problems, just as all people have the potential to inherit diseases. Avoid any breeder who does not offer a health guarantee on puppies., I say that race has no known problems, or keep the cubs isolated from the main part of the home for health reasons. A reputable breeder will be honest and open about the health problems of race and incidence occurring with.

    The English Cockers They have some health conditions that may be of concern. They include progressive retinal atrophy, the patellar luxation, cataracts, immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, ear infections, kidney failure juvenile onset, Hypothyroidism and, in particular, hearing loss.

    Remember that after bringing a new puppy to your home, You have the power to protect one of the most common health problems: the obesity. Keep a English Cocker with a proper weight is one of the easiest ways to prolong your life. Make the most of your preventative abilities to help ensure a healthier dog for life.

    Characteristics "English Cocker Spaniel"

    Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "English Cocker Spaniel" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

    Adaptation โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    friendly dog โ€‹โ€‹โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    hair loss โ“˜

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Affection level โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Need for exercise โ“˜

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Social need โ“˜

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Home โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Toilet โ“˜

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Friendly with strangers โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    barking โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Health โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Territorial โ“˜

    2,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Cat friendly โ“˜

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Intelligence โ“˜

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Versatility โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Child friendly โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Surveillance โ“˜

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    joy โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Images "English Cocker Spaniel"

    credits:

    1. An English Cocker Spaniel at a dog show by Pleple2000, corected by Torn
    2. Cocker Spaniel Inglรฉs by https://pxhere.com/es/photo/1204664
    3. English Cocker Spaniel, 8 months old by John / CC BY
    4. English Cocker Spaniel by Loyalty4life / Public domain
    5. English Cocker Spaniel by https://www.needpix.com/photo/983524/cocker-spaniel-english-cocker-spaniel-coker-spaniel-dog-doggy-it-lies-resting-their
    6. A red and white ticked male English Cocker Spaniel. by eNil / CC BY

    Videos "English Cocker Spaniel"

    Type and recognitions:

    • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
    • Group :
    • Section : . .

    Federations:

    FCI โ“˜, AKC โ“˜, ANKC โ“˜, CKC โ“˜, โ€‹KC โ“˜, NZKC โ“˜, UKC โ“˜

    FCI breed standard English Cocker Spaniel

    FCIFCI - English Cocker Spaniel
    Cocker

    Alternative names:

    1. English Cocker Spaniel, Cocker (English).
    2. Cocker spaniel anglais (French).
    3. English Cocker Spaniel (German).
    4. English Cocker Spaniel (Portuguese).
    5. Cocker Spaniel Inglรฉs, Cocker (espaรฑol).

    โ–ท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

    Sussex Spaniel
    Inglaterra FCI 127 . Flushing Dogs

    Sussex Spaniel

    The Sussex Spaniel it is a meek and thoughtful dog when it is at rest.

    Content

    History

    The Sussex Spaniel gets its name from the county of England where it was favored as a hunting dog. It comes from the farm of Rosehill Park, where it was developed in the 18th century, and it was already mentioned in 1803 in a magazine called Sportsmen’s Cabinet.

    The Knights of Sussex created a dog adapted to its heavy clay soil, to the dense undergrowth and thick hedges, a dog that could spend all day barking with bell tones to alert hunters that they were on the right track. The dogs were exposed in the dog show of the Crystal Palace in 1862 and they were among the 10 first breeds admitted to the registry of the American Kennel Club in 1884.

    Because they were primarily confined to the county of Sussex, the Sussex Spaniel they were necessarily inbred, with only an occasional brood with the Field Spaniel to bring new blood. With the passage of time, the hunters developed new interests and the Sussex stayed on the road. could have been lost to history, like so many other dogs, but the breeders Moses Woolland y Campbell Newington intervened to bring them off the brink of extinction and even improved. The breed again faced extinction during WWII, but it was saved thanks to the efforts of the breeder Joy Scholefield.

    Today the Sussex still weird, but in no danger of disappearing. Occupies the position 155 between breeds registered by the AKC.

    Physical characteristics

    The Sussex Spaniel It is a short dog with a compact and rectangular body and a weight between 16 and 20 kg. It stands out for the color of its fur, a deep golden liver, and for his big sad hazel eyes, so typical of the spaniel family. Historically, However, there have also been examples of Sussex black, black and tan, and liver colored gold and white.

    The fur is thick (sometimes with a slight wave), with fringes on the chest, legs and ears and consists of a weather-resistant underlay, the outside being silky.

    The long, silky ears are lobe-shaped, typical of Spaniel, and are moderately low

    In the countryside, it's slow but steady, making his way through the thick canopy to make the birds disappear and retrieve for a hunter on foot.

    Character and skills

    Appearances can be deceptive when it comes to the Sussex Spaniel. Under a gloomy and serious expression hides a friendly and cheerful dog with a placid character. Loves being around people and joins any activity with controlled enthusiasm. More than many Spaniels, the Sussex has a protective character, always keeping her big sad eyes on her family to make sure all is well. She loves the children, and his calm demeanor makes him an excellent therapy dog.

    As a hunting dog, the Sussex moves at a slower pace than other sporting dogs, but that doesn't mean i'm lazy or i don't need a lot of exercise. Not much less. He loves to hunt and has a lot of energy and stamina. Thanks to its ability to avoid the thicket, it is an excellent companion for walks or excursions, wagging the tail all the time. If you are a bird watcher, will help you find your prey. With its great olfactory capacity, you might like to put a tracker title or two on it.

    It is a very intelligent dog that is not always easy to train. Can be stubborn, but his soft Spaniel nature can make him cringe at any correction. Be firm but kind, rewarding the behavior you like with praise, games and goodies. Keep in mind that it matures slowly. You will not be instantly trained, and that includes home training. It is a breed that requires patience to get the best of itself, not to mention a sense of humor for the times when he makes fun of you or embarrasses you, that there will be.

    Start training your puppy the day you bring him home. Even with 8 weeks of age, is able to absorb everything that can be taught. Don't wait until he is six months old to start training him, or you will have to deal with a bigger and stubborn dog. If possible, take him to a trainer when he has between 10 and 12 weeks, and socialize him.

    Talk to the breeder, describe exactly what you are looking for in a dog and ask for help selecting a puppy. Breeders see puppies daily and can make incredibly accurate recommendations once they know something about their lifestyle and personality. Regardless of what you want from a Sussex, look for one whose parents have a pleasant personality and who has been well socialized since he was a puppy.

    Education

    He is very smart, but can be stubborn, so it is not always easy to train. Having said that, if the right motivation is found - how to take advantage of your great olfactory capacity- can be taught to Sussex to do almost anything. Train him with positive reinforcement techniques. He especially likes food rewards. Be patient in training. One Sussex, especially the females, it may take a long time to be reliable in this regard.

    The Sussex walks at a slow pace and doesn't require the frantic levels of exercise some other sporting breeds need, but he's not a couch potato either, at least not when he's young. You will enjoy moderate or long walks or hikes, although not the companion of a runner or jogger. Its versatility and athleticism make it suitable for a number of dog sports, like hunting trials, freestyle, obedience, the rally and the crawl. The Sussex easily learn to recover, making it a great playmate for the kid who likes to play ball. Once it reaches maturity, his calm demeanor makes him a natural for therapy work.

    When a Sussex Spaniel grows up with children, both usually go together like strawberries and cream. But, the puppies of Sussex can be too unruly for families with young children, and Sussex Spaniel adults unfamiliar with children may not feel comfortable with them.

    like most dogs, the Sussex Spaniel get bored when left alone, and the damage they can do is considerable. Do not give them control of the house until they have reached trustworthy maturity.. Cubs Sussex tend to develop slowly, so they may not reach maturity until 2 or 3 years of age. And keep your Sussex busy with training experiences, play and socialization. One Sussex boring is a Sussex destructive.

    Health

    The Sussex Spaniels they are healthy in general, but some conditions can be worrisome, especially if you are not careful when buying. These include some heart problems, such as cardiomyopathy and pulmonary stenosis, as well as an exercise intolerance syndrome called pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency (PDH). Hip dysplasia has also been reported, deafness and eye problems (such as entropion and retinal dysplasia). Females may have difficulty giving birth and often require cesarean sections.

    PDH deficiency is present in the 20 percent of Sussex Spaniel, but there is a genetic test to identify normal dogs, carriers and affected. Ask the breeder to show proof that at least one of the puppy's parents is free of PDH deficiency.

    Do not buy a puppy from a breeder who cannot provide you with written documentation that the parents are free of health problems that affect the breed.. Veterinary examination of dogs is not a substitute for genetic health tests.

    Grooming

    The Sussex has thick fur, smooth or slightly wavy, with fringes on the legs and tail and a nice curl under the neck. The coat can be cared for by brushing it at least once or twice a week to remove tangles or mats and distribute skin oils. Bathe him when necessary. The Sussex changes moderately, and daily brushing will reduce the amount of hair that falls on the floor, the furniture and clothes.

    The rest is basic care. Trim nails when needed and keep hanging ears clean and dry. Good dental hygiene is also important. Brush teeth frequently with a vet-approved pet toothpaste for overall good health and fresh breath.

    Characteristics "Sussex Spaniel"

    Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "Sussex Spaniel" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

    Adaptation โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    friendly dog โ€‹โ€‹โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    hair loss โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Affection level โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Need for exercise โ“˜

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Social need โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Home โ“˜

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Toilet โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Friendly with strangers โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    barking โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Health โ“˜

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 30 reviews)

    Territorial โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Cat friendly โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Intelligence โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Versatility โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Child friendly โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Surveillance โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    joy โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Images "Sussex Spaniel"

    Sussex Spaniel
    Sussex_spaniel at the World Dog Show in Poznan by Pleple2000, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
    Sussex Spaniel
    Group 8 SUSSEX SPANIEL, Marquell Replay MyDOG, The largest dog event in the Nordics: www.mydog.seby by Svenska Mรคssan from Sweden, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

    Videos "Sussex Spaniel"

    Sussex Spaniel / Dog breeds - Dog Breed
    Sussex Spaniel / Dog breeds – Dog Breed
    Bean the Sussex Spaniel wins the 2019 Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show Sporting Group | FOX SPORTS
    Bean the Sussex Spaniel wins the 2019 Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show Sporting Group | FOX SPORTS

    Type and recognitions:

    • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
    • Group 8: Hunting Retriever Dogs. Hunting Lifting Dogs. Water dogs.
    • Section 2: Flushing Dogs. With working trial.

    Federations:

    • – FCI – Group 8: Retrievers - Flushing Dogs - Water Dogs – Section 2: Retrievers โ“˜
    • – AKC – Sporting โ“˜
    • – ANKC – Group 3 (Gundogs) โ“˜
    • – CKC – Sporting Dogs โ“˜
    • – โ€‹KC – Gundog โ“˜
    • – NZKC – Gundog โ“˜
    • – UKC – Gun Dogs โ“˜

    FCI breed standard "Sussex Spaniel"

    Origin:
    United Kingdom, England

    Date of publication of the valid original standard:
    26.03.2009

    Use:

    Hunting dog.



    General appearance:

    It is a dog with a strong and massive constitution., Active, energetic, whose characteristic movement is an unmistakable rocking that distinguishes it from any other Spaniel..



    Behavior / temperament:

    With a natural capacity for work, barks when working in areas with thick vegetation. He is a kind dog, aggressiveness is very undesirable.

    Head:

    Well balanced.

    Cranial region:

    ▷ Skull: Large, with a moderate curvature between the ears; It is neither flat nor round., with a middle groove. Well wrinkled eyebrows. Defined occipital bone, but without being pointed.

    ▷ Depression links (Stop): Pronounced.

    facial region:

    ▷ Truffle: liver colored; the windows are well developed.

    ▷ Jaws / Teeth: Strong JAWS, scissor bite, perfect, regular and complete, that is to say, that the inner face of the upper incisors is in close contact with the outer face of the lower incisors; teeth should be set at right angles in the jaws.

    ▷ Eyes: Hazelnut colored, quite large without being prominent and with a tender expression. They should not show too much of the ocular conjuncture.

    ▷ Ears: Thick, quite long and lobed; its insertion is moderately low, very little above eye level; they fall stuck to the skull.

    Neck:

    Long, strong and slightly arched, the dog does not carry its head very high above the level of its back. With a slight double chin, but yes a good fringe of hair.

    Body:

    The whole body is strong and level, without any sign of waist from the withers to the hips.

    ▷ Back and kidney region: Well developed and muscular, both in width and depth.

    ▷ Breast : Deep and well developed chest, neither too wide nor too round. The posterior ribs should be deep.

    Tail:

    Previously the custom was to amputate the tail.

    ▷ amputee: Low insertion. Never carried above the level of the top line. With lively action. Usually amputated to a length of 13 -18 cms. (5 -7 ins.)

    ▷ Without amputating: Low insertion, average length, never carried above the level of the top line. It gradually tapers towards the tip and has moderate fringe.



    Tips

    ▷ Former members: Rather short and robust limbs.
    Shoulder: Oblique and mobile.

    • Arms: Muscular and well-boned.

      Carpi: big and strong.

    • Metacarpus: Short and strong boned.

    ▷ Later members: They are short and vigorous with good bones. They should not appear shorter than the previous ones or be too angled.

    • Thighs: Muscular and well-boned.
    • Hocks: big and strong.

    ▷ Pies: Round, well covered with hair between the fingers, strong foot pads.

    Movement:

    Its forward and backward movement is free, with a characteristic swing.

    Mantle

    ▷ Fur: The hair is abundant and flattened, without any tendency to be curly. It has a good undercoat that protects it from the elements.. The ears are provided with soft, wavy hair., but not very abundant. The forelimbs and hindlimbs should be moderately covered with hair in the form of fringes.. The tail must be well covered with hair, but not in the form of fringes.

    ▷ Color: The hair is a bright golden liver color that turns golden at the tip., predominating the color gold. Dark liver or reddish brown are undesirable..



    Size and weight:

    ▷ Height to the cross: The ideal height to cross is between 38 and 41 cm. (15-16 inches).

    ▷ Weight: It should be approximately 23 kg (50 English pounds).



    Fouls:

    Any deviation from the aforementioned criteria is considered a fault and its severity is considered to the degree of deviation from the standard and its consequences on the health and well-being of the dog and the dog's ability to perform its traditional task..


    disqualifying fouls:
  • Aggressiveness or extreme shyness.
  • Any dog โ€‹โ€‹showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities.


  • N.B.:
    • Males should have two normal-appearing testicles completely descended into the scrotum..
    • Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with the typical conformation of the breed, should be used for parenting.

    The latest changes are in bold

    Source: F.C.I - International Cynological Federation

    Alternative names:

    1. Sussex (English).
    2. Sussex (French).
    3. Sussex (German).
    4. Spaniel de Sussex (Portuguese).
    5. Sussex (espaรฑol).

    โ–ท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

    American Cocker Spaniel
    USA FCI 167 . Flushing Dogs

    Cocker Spaniel Americano

    The American Cocker Spaniel will go is easy to train, friendly and playful, and loves to splash around in the water.

    Content

    History

    The references to the ยซSpanyellsยป date from the 14th century. Different types of spaniels They evolved over the centuries, some working on collecting land and other water birds. the Cocker, hunting and hunting under the command retrieves, It derives its name from his skill in hunting woodcock, a type of wader.

    The spaniels they used to be sorted by size, and different types of spaniels could be born in the same litter. Eventually, The different types of spanieles They became individual races, and so it was with him Cocker. For 1946 the size and appearance of the Cocker and what is now the English Cocker Spaniel they had changed enough for the two to split into separate races.

    The popularity of the Cocker spiked after the release of the classic Disney film โ€œLady and the Trampโ€ in 1955. The immense popularity fueled an increase in bad parenting that resulted in some bad temperaments, but the breeders American Cocker Spaniel They have worked hard to correct the situation. But, It's still important today to find a responsible breeder who maintains the breed's hallmark cheerful disposition rather than continuing to bring out the fearful, gruff dogs that nearly ruined the breed..

    Until 1990, the American Cocker Spaniel It was the most popular breed registered by the American Kennel Club. Today it is ranked 25, but you will always have a place among people who appreciate its moderate size, sweet nature and intelligence.

    Physical characteristics

    The American Cocker Spaniel It is the smallest member of the sporting dogs hunting. His body is strong, compact, delicately modeled head and refined. As a whole, It is a dog well balanced and ideal size. Well shoulders upright on a straight forelegs, its topline slopes slightly towards strong hindquarters, muscled and moderately angulated. A dog is able to develop a considerable speed, combined with a lot of resistance. Above all, It must be a brash and cheerful dog, healthy and well balanced in all its parts; vehement action shows inclination towards work. A well-balanced dog in all its parts is more desirable than a dog with strong contrasting good features and flaws..

    The females weigh on average 9 to 12 kg and have a size of 34 to 36 cm., While males weigh in 10 to 13 kg and measure of 37 to 39 cm..

    Character and skills

    Cheerful and lively, the American Cocker Spaniel It's also smart and confident. Although it still retains a strong hunting instinct, It is often a housemate. With her family is loving and docile. It may be a bit reserved at the beginning with strangers, but soon makes friends. Cockers can be good companions for children. when they grow up together, They can make friends with other pets, including cats, but birds can be an irresistible lure – and not in a good way.

    The Cocker It is highly trainable, but it has a sensitive soul. Early socialization is critical, and even with it some Cockers submissively urinate when your people get home or when they meet new people or dogs or go to new places. Focused training with positive reinforcement methods, especially praise and food rewards.

    The Cocker It can be good in the field tests and as a hunting dog, although for years he was thought of as "just" a companion. One Cocker It is versatile and can do much more than walk around the house, but he is happy to do it because you love being with you.

    any dog, no matter how pleasant it, detestable levels can develop barking, excavations and other undesirable behavior if you are bored, He is not trained or are unsupervised. And any dog รขโ‚ฌโ€นรขโ‚ฌโ€นcan be a test that live during adolescence. In the case of the Cocker, The "adolescence" years begin at six months and continue until the dog is one year old. Barking can be a problem unless the frenes.

    Start training your puppy the day you bring him home. Even at eight weeks old, He is able to absorb everything you can teach. Don't wait until you have 6 months to start training him or you'll have to deal with a more stubborn dog. If possible, take him to puppy kindergarten class when he's between 10 and 12 weeks, y socialize, socialize, socialize.

    But, Note that many kinds of training puppies require certain vaccinations (such as kennel cough) stay up to date, and many veterinarians recommend limited exposure to other dogs and public places until puppy vaccinations (including rabies, distemper and parvovirus) They are completed. Instead of formal training, You can start training your puppy to socialize at home and among family and friends until immunizations are completed in the puppy.

    Talk to the breeder, It describes exactly what you are looking for a dog and asks for help to select a puppy. Breeders see puppies daily and can make incredibly accurate recommendations once they know something about their lifestyle and personality.

    The American Cocker Spaniel Perfect not fully formed out of the whelping box. It is a product of his background and upbringing. Cockers are bred too much in the past, sometimes resulting in a fearful dog, slightly scary in no way represents a good breeding Cocker. Look for one whose parents have good personalities and has been well socialized from an early age puppy.

    ยซAmerican Cocker Spanielยป Grooming

    Beautiful silky coat Cocker seen in dogs in the exhibition circuit does not occur by chance. It takes a lot of work to keep it shiny and tangle. For good reason, most people keep their pets in a trim everywhere, known as cut puppy. Even that requires some maintenance. Dogs with cuts puppy should be bathed, brushed and cut approximately every two weeks.

    If you want long flowing coat, You must be more careful and time, and usually the bathroom, brushing and trimming are done once a week. Most people choose to wear their Cocker a professional groomer, but you can learn to do it yourself. The cost of the equipment amounts to only a few grooming sessions, you will not have to ask for appointments and you will discover that you increase your bond with your Cocker. But, the toilet is not for everyone, so if you don't want to do it, find a hairdresser you like because it is an absolute requirement for a Cocker.

    Like the ears of Cocker They are prone to infections, check them weekly to make sure the inside is a healthy, deep pink color and free of a bad odor. If that is not the case, get to the vet quickly before the ear infection becomes a major problem. Take special care when checking a puppy's ears as there is a significant buildup of wax as the ear canal develops. Clean the ears with a solution recommended by the veterinarian.

    The rest is basic care. Cut toenails every few weeks. Should never last long enough to drown out the noise from the floor. Long nails can make uncomfortable walking in the Cocker, and they can get caught on things and tear. That is so painful, and bleed much. Brush your teeth often for good dental health and fresh breath.

    Health ยซAmerican Cocker Spanielยป

    All dogs have the potential to develop genetic health problems, just as all people have the potential to inherit a particular disease. Run, not walk, from any breeder that does not offer a health guarantee on puppies, tell you that race is 100 percent healthy and has no known problems, or to tell you that their puppies are isolated from the main part of the home for health reasons. A reputable breeder will be honest and open about the breed's health problems and the incidence with which they occur in their lines.. Here is a brief summary of what you should know about the health of the Cocker.

    The American Cocker Spaniel are susceptible to a number of health problems that are, at least in part, genetic. These include many different eye disorders, including cataracts and glaucoma, as well as painful defects of the hips and knees.

    Disc disease can cause the movement is painful for the American Cocker Spaniel, which it is by nature an active dog who loves to run and play. Heart diseases, liver, epilepsy… the Cocker It is at risk of all.

    The variety of eye problems that can afflict the Cocker Spaniel ranging from the aesthetic – a condition called "cherry eye" that can be corrected through surgery – and sight-threatening, including cataracts and glaucoma. While many Cocker completely lose vision in old age, some may already losing two years of age due to progressive retinal atrophy. The Cockers They are also prone to keratoconjunctivitis sicca, a condition known as dry eye, a deficiency of tears that can lead to corneal problems.

    Make sure your pet's eyes are examined by a board-certified veterinary ophthalmologist. Cocker Spaniel once a year and seeking veterinary attention immediately for any signs of vision loss, cloudiness, redness, eye irritation or if the dog squints or bumble.

    The Cockers They may also have hypothyroidism, It is underproduction of thyroid hormone. This can cause weight gain, lethargy, loss of hair, chills and skin infections. a blood test whenever a suspected thyroid disease should be. Skin problems also may indicate allergies, which they are common in the breed, As to the skin masses, which may be benign or cancerous.

    Some Cocker Spaniels They seem to be prone to congenital deafness, associated with white hair and blue eyes. At the age of three or four weeks, in some of these dogs the blood supply to the inner ear is degenerated. It can occur in one or both ears and is permanent.

    those long ears spaniel tend to trap warm, moist air inside the ear canals, creating the perfect environment for the growth of bacteria and yeast, that lead to ear infections. Ear infections can be chronic in some dogs with long ears, so it is necessary to be aware of the care of the ears and clean them religiously. Repeated infections can cause so much damage to the ear canal that the dog will lose their hearing. Severely affected ears may require surgery. Follow-up care is especially important for the ear to prevent new flare-ups of old problems..

    Many Cocker Spaniels are prone to autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), in which the immune system attacks the dog its own red blood cells to the point that the dog becomes anemic. Although there is treatment, the mortality rate is high.

    Not all of these conditions are detectable on a growing puppy, and it is impossible to predict if an animal will be free of these diseases, so you need to find a reputable breeder who commit to raise healthier animals possible. They should be able to provide an independent certification that the parents of the dog (and grandparents, etc.) have been examined for common defects and considered healthy for breeding. That's where health records come in..

    Careful breeders screen their breeding dogs for genetic diseases and breed only the healthiest, best-looking specimens., but sometimes mother nature has other ideas and a puppy develops one of these diseases despite good husbandry practices. Advances in veterinary medicine mean that in most cases dogs can still live a good life. If you're going to have a puppy, ask the breeder about the ages of the dogs in their lines and what they died of.

    Remember that after getting a new puppy at home, You have the power to protect one of the most common health problems: the obesity. Keep a Cocker Spaniel with a proper weight is one of the easiest ways to prolong your life. Make the most of your preventive skills to help ensure a healthier dog for life.

    Characteristics "American Cocker Spaniel"

    Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "American Cocker Spaniel" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

    Adaptation โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    friendly dog โ€‹โ€‹โ“˜

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    hair loss โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Affection level โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Need for exercise โ“˜

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Social need โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Home โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Toilet โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Friendly with strangers โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    barking โ“˜

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Health โ“˜

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Territorial โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Cat friendly โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Intelligence โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Versatility โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Child friendly โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Surveillance โ“˜

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    joy โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Images "American Cocker Spaniel"

    credits:

    1. golden-american-cocker-spaniel by www.localpuppybreeders.com
    2. American Cocker Spaniel at the Cloisters City Park in Morro Bay, California by "Mike" Michael L. Baird / CC BY
    3. Golden American Cocker SpanielRyan Johnson / CC BY-SA
    4. American Cocker in Tallinn duo CACIB, 17-18 Aug 2013 by Thomas / CC BY-SA
    5. AMERICAN COCKER SPANIEL PUPPY 7 WEEKS – https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AMERICAN_COCKER_SPANIEL_PUPPY_7_WEEKS.jpg
    6. A black American Cocker Spaniel. By Yoko / CC BY-SA

    Videos "American Cocker Spaniel"

    Type and recognitions:

    • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
    • Group :
    • Section : . .

    Federations:

    FCI โ“˜, AKC โ“˜, ANKC โ“˜, CKC โ“˜, โ€‹KC โ“˜, NZKC โ“˜, UKC โ“˜

    FCI breed standard American Cocker Spaniel

    FCIFCI - American Cocker Spaniel
    Cocker

    Alternative names:

    1. Cocker Spaniel, Cocker, Merry Cocker (English).
    2. Cocker (French).
    3. American Cocker Spaniel, Cocker (German).
    4. American Cocker Spaniel, Cocker (Portuguese).
    5. Cocker americano, Cocker spaniel, Cocker (espaรฑol).