The American bulldog It tends to be a strong and healthy dog
Content
History
The original Bulldog breed was retained by working-class immigrants who brought their working dogs with them to South America. Small farmers and ranchers used this dog for many agricultural tasks.. It was not a standardised breed, years. At that time, but there was a type of Bulldog that was generic. Several strains of “Bulldog-type” dogs were preserved by different ranchers as utility working dogs.. But, at the end of World War II, those “Bulldog type” strains were dying out.
It was then that appeared in the story a loving man of the Bulldog breed, the Sr. John D. Johnson, war veteran returning from the disaster and death, but he came determined to resurrect the race… Paradoxes of history.
The SR. John D. Johnson He devoted himself to find the best specimens of these working dogs by different farms and began to create the pedigree and genealogical trees. His project was to create a farm dedicated to conserving and enhancing the Bulldog breed, Recalling to the bulldogs of old. Later, a man named Alan Scott and other breeders joined Johnson efforts to resurrect the race.
Johnson and Scott they began to breed dogs American Bulldog with care, keeping a careful record of the copies, the health of the race and working capacity. Initially, Johnson and Scott had a similar vision, a common idea regarding race. But over time there was a split between his views, and as a result of this disagreement they left us two different types of American Bulldog (American Bulldog).
Alan Scott preferred a smaller dog, more sports, with a longer snout that could be used for capturing cattle and for hunting wild boar.
John Johnson preferred a larger, stockier dog with a shorter snout, whose main function was that of watchdog.
Eventually the two breeders and the preservation of the breed founders, as well as important local breeders continued to work on the breed, to help meet the goal of John Johnson, get the ideal working Bulldog breed. Originally, the race was called American Pit Bulldog and the Decade of 1970 registered in the National Kennel Club (CCR) as such. Later the name was changed to American Bulldog to avoid confusion with the American Pit Bull Terrier. The American Bulldog was recognized by the United Kennel Club the 1 in January of 1999.
Today the breed is recognized by the CCR, UKC y el American Bulldog Association (ABA).
The American bulldog It is now safe from extinction and is enjoying great health and an increase in popularity, either as a working dog, protective or as a family pet.
Physical characteristics
The American bulldog He is a native of South-East of the United States farm dog. Used as a watchdog for livestock or hunting. It is a medium-sized dog, sports and balanced.
It has a robust physiognomy, Compact and powerful which lets you move with agility and vigor. It tends to prefer a strong dog on that beautiful structure, if you do not present any morphological excess or weight overload. Males have a large and a more marked than females type structure.
It must present a solid appearance although with slender and sporty lines. Mantle's hair must be smooth, short and glued to the body. Its color can be white, white striped with red or brown. Permitted until a 90% color, If the white highlight to the head. It is not permitted to present black mask or spots black. Its skull is long and flat with the well marked stop. The eyes are round, medium-sized, and the most appreciated eye color is dark brown with black outline. Blue eyes are allowed but are considered to be a mild lack.
The height at the withers in males is between 57 and 67 cm., thinking between 35 and 55 kg. The females measure between 53 and 65 cm. and weigh between 30 and 45 kg.
Character and skills
The American Bulldog are sure dogs, social and active, they are comfortable with their families. Create strong bonds with their owners, When it is puppy can be a bit distant with strangers, but as they mature confidence should develop in a normal manner, because being a confident dog is a characteristic of this breed.
The American Bulldog tolerates children and can make very good friends with them, When are socialized from an early age, and they are educated and taught to know what their limits are.
It is known for being very race dominant, why it is so important to socialize the puppy, and this will be as easy as exposing him since childhood to situations in which there are more pets, I played and relates to other dogs. The breed is also known for having a very high pain tolerance. An American Bulldog, should never be shy in adulthood, because this reflects insecurity, and given the physical characteristics, It is not recommended that the dog is an animal afraid or insecure.
Did you know??
The American Bulldog was bred to be what is known as a "hunting dog.". Your job is to pursue, catch and shoot down cattle released.
The American Bulldog is a dog strong and healthy, When equipped with the necessary care (like any dog) and get a good dose of physical activity, their life expectancy is of 10 to 16 years.
Observations
Since the breed has a short coat, are generally less tolerable to extreme hot or cold weather, and as a result, you may need to keep them indoors on very hot or cold days.
Characteristics "American bulldog"
Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "American bulldog" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.
1. Southern White, White English, Old Southern White Bulldog, Hill Bulldog, Country Bulldog, English White Bulldog (English).
2. Bouledogue américain (French).
3. American Bulldog, Old Country Bulldog (German).
4. Bulldog-americano (Portuguese).
5. Bulldog americano (español).
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The Campeiro Bulldog, He is noted for fidelity with its owner
Content
History
The Campeiro Bulldog (Buldogue Campeiro or Bordoga), It is a dog breed originating in Brazil Bulldog. This is an ancient breed of working dog. The current, It descends from the ancient Old English Bulldog (Old English Bulldog), brought to Brazil during the 16th century by European immigrants.
This breed was once very common in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul and southern Brazil in the late 1980s. 60, where the role of the dog was largely focused on farms and slaughterhouses, in the capture and domain of the cattle or pigs. Over the years 70 He was in danger of extinction due to the introduction of new laws and health measures, but he returned to be present in Brazil, Thanks to the hard work for the conservation of the Bulldog breed, carried out by Ralf Bender Schein.
The Old English Bulldog was quite common, He was in much of Western Europe during the second half of the 19th century, and such was his importance to, In states such as the Vatican there is specific legislation to regulate the transit of animals on public roads.
At the same time, he woke up - in the well-to-do sectors of European society- the interest of creating a serious development and the formation of distinct castes, all of them are derived from the Old English Bulldog, as the English Bulldog and the modern French Bulldog.
In Brazil, European immigration (germans, Italian, Poles, etc.), increased during the early years of the 19th century and mid-20th century, they brought with them many animals, among them, several types of Bulldog, as for example, the old English Bulldog.
Physical characteristics
The Campeiro Bulldog, is a medium-dog, very a little heavy and robust for your height. With the short snout (approximately, one-third of the length of the skull), the ears are small and pendants. Short and crooked tail. The colors of the mantle are all are accepted, its soft fur and short.
Its ideal height is between 48 and 58 cm up to the shoulder and its ideal weight is of 35 to 45 kg for males and females.
Character and skills
This type of dog Bulldog, in Brazilian soil, It has been preserved, above all, Thanks to his talent for surveillance and to work with livestock, the best features of working with cattle and pig dog, in fact they are the most popular for this function.
They were the most popular, because in addition to the farm work, as for example dragging pigs by the ears to the right place, when escaping, was also a excellent guard dog What, While the cowboy rested, he dedicated himself to taking care of the horse and cart from the stalking of some intruder. He maintained the functional features of its predecessor, the old English Bulldog, being able to give life to dominate a bull, of up 400 kg.
This capability was very used in the old slaughterhouses in the southern region and the region where today is located the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, the Campeiro Bulldog, He was commissioned in drag to the cattle biting his snout and handed them over to the slaughterer. But with the development of technologies applied to these media, monitoring health and animal protection measures, It prevents the use of dogs in these establishments (fortunately), and also with the development of livestock, These dogs were losing their initial use, with so much speed that they came to extinction.
At the end of the year 70, This dog was on the brink of extinction, and it was there that Schein Ralf Bender began a rescue effort for these dogs, that materialised in 2001 When the CBKC recognized the breed Campeiro Bulldog (Pampa Doge).
It´s suspicious of strangers, is very quiet, and not when it is not necessary it ladra. You need a little exercise every day, and long walks through the countryside from time to time will keep completely happy.
The Campeiro Bulldog, stands out by the with your owner loyalty (It may be a little jealous), ease of adaptation and above all by the warmth with children. It is also remarkable strength and courage that give exceptional guardian dye.
Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "Borzoi – Russian Hunting Sighthound" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.
Adaptation ⓘ
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friendly dog ⓘ
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hair loss ⓘ
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Affection level ⓘ
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Need for exercise ⓘ
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Social need ⓘ
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Home ⓘ
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Toilet ⓘ
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Friendly with strangers ⓘ
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barking ⓘ
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Health ⓘ
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Territorial ⓘ
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Cat friendly ⓘ
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Intelligence ⓘ
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Versatility ⓘ
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Child friendly ⓘ
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Surveillance ⓘ
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joy ⓘ
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History
Dogs are mentioned in 17th century publications, with which our ancestors successfully hunted not only hares, but also wolves. Presumably, the first and most famous breeder of greyhounds It was the Russian Tsar Alexey Mikhailovich Romanov, who received several dogs of this breed as a gift from the Zaporozhye Cossacks. The version that the ancestors of the Borzoi – Russian Hunting Sighthound current were brought to us from Persia and the Kazakh Khanate during the reign of Ivan the Terrible also has its foundation. The Tsar had great respect for the greyhounds and was sincerely interested in the new hunting breeds.
From the 18th century, the clan of greyhounds He underwent extensive "training". To improve the performance of hunting dogs, they crossed paths with Sighthounds local and english and, later, with Greyhounds of the Crimea and the Highlands. Breeding activity was spontaneous, since the main breeder of the breed was the aristocracy who maintained their own kennels and had the opportunity to freely experiment with breeding. Unlimited, the owners had to raise the animals according to their own preferences, which ended up dividing the family of the Greyhounds and slow down the standardization of the breed. As a result, the first standard for the exterior of the Borzoi could be written in 1888.
The breed has been featured in Russian dog shows since 1872 and was immediately disappointed by all the aesthetes who saw the animals as a common mongrel who had lost all the classic traits of the Borzoi Russian. But, the jury of the Moscow exhibition of the Imperial Hunting Society was more faithful to the four-legged contestants and awarded a gold medal to the Borzoi nicknamed "Reward" in 1874. But even this decision did not put an end to the desperate debates among experts about what exactly a Borzoi Russian. Thus, supporters of the tradition continue to campaign to return to the original appearance of dogs, while the other half of the breeders persist in voting for a renewed appearance of the greyhounds.
Since the beginning of the 20th century, the breeding of Russian Wolfhound sped up and in 1917 the number of purebreds in Russia had already exceeded 2000. Of course, during the years of the Civil Wars and the Great Patriotic War the Russian clan of Borzoi greyhounds suffered considerable losses, but despite everything it existed, and this gave Soviet enthusiasts the opportunity to start breeding these amazing animals again. The breed has reached America and Canada in the early 20th century, after Europe got fed up with the grace and hunting talent of its representatives and even managed to cool them down a bit. By the way, across the Atlantic the Borzoi they became more popular and were accepted there not as hunting but as sporting and show pets.
Physical characteristics
The Borzoi – Russian Hunting Sighthound, they are the epitome of sophistication and elegance. Among his peers, These slim, ascetic beauties are noted for their exquisite exterior and mesmerizing ease of movement. Despite his relatively tall stature (the males up 85 cm to the cross, the females up 78 cm.), the Borzoi does not look like a giant of great weight. At the time, this characteristic of the breed was subtly interpreted by the genius of the Art Nouveau era Louis Icarus. After a couple of photos of the artist with a stretched and proud silhouette of a Borzoi Russian, became a fashion trend, and the illustrations, engravings and even sculptures depicting the majestic posture of the Greyhound, massively attracted the attention of French and Russian fans of the breed.
Character and skills
The Borzoi Russians are geniuses of reincarnation. They are irrepressible and gamble when they hunt, but as soon as they get into the walls of their houses, they immediately awaken the melancholic tranquility. In general, the Russian Wolfhound they are one of the most comfortable pets: they don't bark much and don't go after their owners to get their share of attention. When not hunting or walking, the Borzoi Russian prefers to spend his time passively resting on the sofa or curled up at his owner's feet. Nor is it a breed capable of giving all kinds of nasty surprises., how to tear the wallpaper or bite the shoes, as long as, of course, take walks regularly.
The Borzoi they do not feel love towards children, but not great hostility. Sudden screaming and laughing mostly bothers him, so when groups of noisy children arrive at the master's house, the dog usually tries to get away. Due to his peaceful nature and his innate sensitivity, the Russian Wolfhound is moderately educated in communication, even with strangers, but in response it demands exactly the same treatment. Being a sensitive dog, the Borzoi is sensitive to injustice and punishment is a tragedy for this breed.
Irritability is another characteristic of the Borzoi. At one point your dog walked imposingly at your feet, the next minute an occasional cat appears and the wind carries your dog away. The reason for this abrupt transition from one state to another is a chasing instinct, which in this race has evolved to the level of mania.
The intellectual performance of the Borzoi it's pretty good, although inexperienced owners may find it difficult to educate and train their pet at first. It is important to understand that the Borzoi not a companion or service dog, but a professional hunter whose main objective is to work with hunting. Consequently, all the intelligence and ingenuity of the breed go exactly to the hunting process. At the same time, in normal life the dog's brain works in energy saving mode, what is sometimes confused with stupidity.
Character and skills
Even though that him Borzoi it is a mostly docile and obedient dog, they are not very good students. By the way, experienced hunters are of the opinion that enrolling representatives of the breed in a general training course only spoils their natural talents. The Borzoi must always be alert: an accidental yell or threatening movement toward the dog, and immediately regards it as an attempt to degrade his dignity. So you have to be respectful when training with these "aristocrats". It also, the Borzoi it is one of those races that have a different personality, so the training program and style for each individual can vary drastically.
The first and most important skill that owners must teach is the ability to distinguish between hunting and social life.. Gently train your puppy to chase anything that moves during walks, using the side-by-side pursuit order. Never leave him off a leash if there are smaller four-legged critters nearby. It also, don't try to raise a Borzoi as a domestic or circus dog. Despite his gentle nature, will not look for slippers or walk on hind legs.
You will have to forget about monotonous training with this breed, since monotony is the worst of evils for the Borzoi. Guide him seriously but without forcing him, rewarding your progress with treats. To the 6 months, your pup should have learned basic obedience commands ("Come here!», «¡Fence!») and be able to walk on a leash. The period of 6 to 10 months is considered a period of adolescent rebellion. Attempts to assert your authority by defying rules and regulations.
The best way to combat adolescent leadership in Russian Wolfhound is the additional physical training. The more you work and train, less time the puppy will have to do mischief. The easiest in this regard is for owners who already have a Borzoi adult at home besides puppy. An experienced dog will quickly put the overexcited teenager in his place and be an example and a teacher for him..
Hunting with a «Borzoi»
The Borzoi he is an excellent midland hunter who can successfully hunt both hares and foxes as well as wolves. This is not only due to natural instincts and innate cunning, but also to a peculiar linear position of the legs that allows the dog to abruptly change the direction of movement, allowing you to capture prey at lightning speed. But, despite these clear breed advantages, today's hunters often reject their representatives as untrained pets. The reason for such carelessness lies in the fact that Russian Wolfhound they are often crossed with other hunting dogs, so the descendants' stalking instinct is not alive enough. It also, not all owners understand that, although hunting with a Borzoi it's a seasonal affair, the dog will have to develop and hone his skills for the rest of his life. A dog that goes hunting twice a year and lies on the couch the rest of the time will never win a hunting trophy for its owner..
The Russian Hunting Sighthound is a short distance runner. The optimal conditions for dogs to show their hunting skills are a treeless area of ​​up to 500 metres in length, although practice shows that most animals only need between 200 and 300 meters to catch a prey and deliver it to its owner. The innate impulsiveness of dogs also plays a role in hunting: when seeing the prey, the Borzoi Go from waiting to chasing in a split second. If your attempts to hunt the prey are unsuccessful, they can repeat the unsuccessful march after a half-hour break.
The Borzoi is used to a dog collar in preparation for the first hunt. Training will begin at approximately 6 months of age and the puppy should learn to walk in a group without throwing himself forward and without lagging behind at the end of the pack. The Borzoi can be trained to 10-12 months, but in the beginning they are not allowed to make more than a chase attempt. Youngsters are not yet as hardy as older dogs and tire easily. It is advisable for the owner to raise two puppies at the same time, not necessarily both of the same race. As they mature and compete for the role of alpha male, they will try harder to prove themselves in training.
The training of the Borzoi Teenager in the wolf is better to do in the company of experienced dogs and their owners. But it is allowed to ride hares alone and, in general, it is better to start training the Greyhounds young people to pursue game with a pack of "dropping-eared dogs". Often, during the first hunt Greyhounds they cannot contain themselves and tear the small prey to pieces and even eat it before the master arrives. This, of course, not a reason to get angry, but even so, it is worth reproaching the dog a little for that behavior.
Care
The Borzoi they need little space, so they are suitable for a flat in the city with a lot of exercise. But, it must be remembered that this breed does not respect a common cradle and is unlikely to settle for a modest corner in the hallway. To the Russian Wolfhound they like to lie on the couch or in the master's bed better and do not get angry with them for it. It is a way for the dog to relax, trying to rest your back and tired muscles. Some experts even recommend placing the pet on a separate sofa with an orthopedic mattress if space permits.. Regarding outdoor animals, it is worth building a large enclosure and placing a house of at least 1 meter high and about 1,5 square m² with insulated walls and floor. If there are two Greyhounds in the home, the inner surface of the kennel should be increased to 2,5 m².
Grooming
The fine wool of a Russian Wolfhound has practically no undercoat and is often tangled. But, they can keep their fur clean by themselves. The owners only have to brush a couple of times a week and after walks pick up the fluff that has become tangled. During the molting period, the same routine will have to be repeated daily, which is quite common in all races.
When it comes to the frequency of baths, the breeders of Russian Wolfhound They disagree. Thus, some breeders recommend bathing the Borzoi once every three months, while others advise to give up this occupation completely and do bathing days only in emergencies, for example, when the dog gets dirty in the liquid mud. Your dog's eyes and ears do not need any special care.. You just have to keep them clean by removing the wax from the ear canal and cleaning the dirt that accumulates in the corner of the eyes with a piece of damp cloth.
The claws of the Russian Wolfhound must be trimmed so that they do not obstruct the animal during the race. The hair between the toes should also be trimmed, as it gets dirty very quickly and can become a source of bacteria, which can lead to skin infections. It also, the Greyhounds living in flats will have to wash their paws after every walk.
Walking with a «Borzoi»
If you find it difficult to motivate yourself to go for a run in the morning and in the afternoon, the Borzoi Russian is your dog. As passive as this breed is at home, it is not uncommon for you to stroll along sidewalks and park lanes, which means you will have plenty of opportunities to stretch while he walks. If the walk is not very stimulating, tie your Greyhound to the bike and pedal at full speed: to the Russian Wolfhound they also love. By the way, the walks with the Borzoi Russians should be practiced in any weather, so you can't go out for a walk in the drizzle.
It will be good if you have the opportunity to take your dog to the field, where you can let your hunting instincts flow. The city is useless, so make sure you walk your dog on a leash if you don't want him to be abandoned forever, because a Russian Wolfhound chased simply cannot hear the orders and screams of their owners. It also, dogs that are not going to be hunted should find an interesting alternative hobby. Can be treated, for example, of a coursing (chase of a mechanical "hare") or some simple activities like running after a ball or a Frisbee.
Food
In the case of Borzoi russians, experts advise sticking to the principles of divided meals. This breed feeds 3-4 times a day, dividing the daily ration into small portions. Dry food is not contraindicated either, unless it's an inexpensive version of the nearest supermarket. The basis of the diet of Borzoi Russians fed “directly” should be lean raw meat. Ranchers consider horse meat to be ideal, since it is rarely infected with brucellosis. Lean cod is on the dog's menu, but if it is desired and funds are available, can be easily substituted for squid.
buckwheat, oatmeal and rice are suitable cereals, which can be turned into porridge by boiling broth or milk and leaving them to swell for half an hour. To the Russian Wolfhound they are given vegetables boiled or simply added to the soup. You also can't go overboard with sour dairy products, so pamper your four-legged friend with kefir or ryazhenka more often.
A correct balance of protein and calcium is very important for the normal growth and development of the Borzoi Russian. For this reason, mineral supplements are added to the menu from the 4 months, when the puppy's teeth start to change. It also, up to six months of age, dogs are given calcified cottage cheese and a chicken egg several times a week. But, be careful with preparations containing calcium, since an excess of this macronutrient is no less harmful to puppies than a lack.
Forbidden food:
Any food from the owner's table;
Potatoes and other high-starch vegetables;
Sweet;
Fatty meat and lard;
Tubular bones;
river fish.
The Russian Wolfhound usually feed after a walk by putting enough food in a bowl. The dog must not chase the bowl across the floor, licking it to clean it.
Health
The Borzoi it is a relatively healthy breed, but very sensitive to all kinds of anesthetics. It also, many dogs are allergic to flea and tick remedies, so the choice of such drugs should be especially careful. Regarding the genetic predisposition to specific diseases, most of the time the Russian Wolfhound suffer from volvulus, abdominal distension, retinopathy (retinal damage), cataracts and wobbler syndrome (compression of the spinal cord in the cervical spine).
How to Choose a Borzoi Puppy
Choose from February or March litters, whose babies will be ready to move into a new home in May-June. In this case, you can diversify your pet's diet with seasonal fruits and vegetables, they contain most of the vitamins necessary for a growing body.
Do not get hung up on a specific type of appearance of the future pet (for example, the owner breeds white dogs and you want a gray one). The Russian Wolfhound it is one of the most diverse breeds, and each of its representatives is beautiful in its own way.
If in the foreseeable future you hope to raise a professional hunter from a puppy, ask if their parents have field diplomas. Hereditary talents are not worth praising too much, either., as hunting skills are not always passed down from parent to child and are highly dependent on proper training.
The exterior of a puppy Russian Wolfhound growing constantly changes, so it is unlikely that you will be able to choose the most spectacular baby of the litter. But, it is still worthwhile to visually assess the correction of the bite, the cleanliness of the dog and the general condition of the future pet.
FCI – Group 10: Section 1: Long-haired or fringed Sighthounds ⓘ
AKC – Hound ⓘ
ANKC – Group 4 (Hounds) ⓘ
CKC – Group 2 – Hounds ⓘ
KC – Hound ⓘ
NZKC – Hound ⓘ
UKC – Sighthound and Pariah ⓘ
FCI breed standard "Borzoi – Russian Hunting Sighthound"
Origin:
Russia
Date of publication of the valid original standard:
04.09.2019
Use:
Greyhound hunting and running. The Borzoi is a sighthound that is used mainly to hunt hares and foxes, to a lesser extent for wolf hunting. Combines great agility and endurance, and the ability to skillfully tackle prey. It is also used for chases and races.
General appearance:
Aristocratic looking dog, oversized, both slim and robust in constitution and slightly elongated construction.
Females are generally longer than males. Strong but not massive bone.
The bones are quite flat.
The muscles are lean and well developed, especially in the thighs, but they should not stand out. Harmony of shapes and movements is of utmost importance.
IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS
In males, the height at the withers is equal to or slightly greater than that from the highest point of the croup to the ground.
In females, these two heights are the same.
The height at the withers should be slightly less than the length of the body.
The depth of the chest is approximately equal to half the height at the withers.
Muzzle length, from the naso-frontal depression to the tip of the nose, is equal to or slightly greater than that of the skull from the occiput to the naso-frontal depression.
Behavior / temperament:
He has a calm temperament; the visual response is very evident.
Typical gait: before finding the prey is the slow trot and even to the step; when chasing the prey, moves at a full gallop.
Attitude towards people is neutral to friendly.
Head:
Top and side view she is thin, long, narrow and aristocratic-looking. Profile views, the upper lines of the skull and the nasal cannula form a long line, slightly convex, since the line of the vertex region (sagittal crest) is straight or slightly oblique to the region of the occipital protuberance, which is well marked. The head is so graceful and slim that the large veins are visible under the skin.
Cranial region:
Skull : Seen from above it is narrow, elongated oval shape; seen in profile it is almost flat.
Depression links (Stop) : Very slightly marked.
facial region:
Truffle : Big and mobile. It is quite prominent in relation to the lower jaw.
Nose cane : Long and compact throughout. Near the nose is slightly arched.
Snout : Muzzle length, from the naso-frontal depression to the tip of the nose, is equal to or slightly larger than that of the skull, from occiput to naso-frontal depression.
Lips : They are thin, fine; they are well attached to the jaw. The eye contour, the lips and the truffle are black, no matter what the color of the coat.
Jaw/Teeth : Strong jaws. White teeth, strong. The complete denture; scissor or pincer bite.
Eyes : Large, expressive, dark hazelnut or dark brown color, very slightly prominent, almendrada form, but not torn, oblique implantation.
Ears : Small, thin, Mobile. Insertion above the eye line and backwards, pointing almost in the direction of the neck when not alert. The tips of the ears are located very close or are directed downwards along the neck and close to it. When is the dog alert, the ears are carried high and on the sides or towards the front; Sometimes one or both ears are erected like a "horse ear.".
Neck:
Long, delgado, the side is flat. He is muscular and slightly arched.Never carried high.
Body:
Cross : It is not marked.
Back : Wide, muscular and elastic. The back forms, together with the loin and rump, a curvature that is more pronounced in males.. The highest point of this curvature is located in front of the middle of the spine or in the region of the first or second lumbar vertebra..
Pork loin : Long, celebrities, muscular and moderately broad.
Rump : Long, wide, slightly tilted. The width of the croup measured between the two hip bones (Mian ridges) must not be less than 8 cm..
Breast
: Its cross section is oval, it is not narrow, although it is not wider than the rump, deep, well developed in length, spacious, reaching down almost to the level of the elbows. The shoulder region being flatter, the chest gradually widens towards the false rib region, which are short; in profile, this causes a change in incline. The ribs are long, slightly prominent. The sill is slightly prominent in relation to the scapulo-humeral joint.
Belly : Well collected. The lower line rises abruptly towards the abdomen.
Tail:
Shaped like a sickle or saber. Long, slim and low set. When placed between the hindlimbs, must reach the protuberance of the iliac bone; it is provided with abundant feather. When the dog is standing course, tail hangs down. When is the dog moving, raises her, but it should not be carried above the level of the back.
Tips
PREVIOUS MEMBERS : They are lean and muscular. Seen from the front, are perfectly straight and parallel. The height of the forelimbs, from elbow to floor is equal to or slightly higher than half the height at the withers.
Shoulder : Long oblique shoulder blades.
Arm : Moderately oblique; its length is slightly greater than the length of the scapulae. The angle of the scapulo-humeral joint is well pronounced.
Elbows : They are in planes parallel to the median plane of the body.
Forearm : Long, delgado, oval cross section. Seen from the front, is narrow; seen in profile is wide.
Metacarpus : Slightly oblique in relation to the ground.
LATER MEMBERS : Seen from the back, they are straight, parallel and slightly further apart than the forelimbs. When the dog is standing, the vertical descending from the ischial tuberosity must pass in front of the center of the hock and metatarsus.
Thighs : Well muscled, long; obliquely.
Leg : Long, muscular, obliquely. The tibio-femoral and tibi-tarsal joints are well developed; they are wide and clean. The angles must be well marked.
Metatarsals : They are not long; almost upright. All joints are well angulated.
FEET : Thin, Straits, in the shape of an elongated oval (called ²hare's foot²); arched toes, tight; nails, long, strong, touching the ground.
Movement:
Outside of the hunting activity, the typical movement of the Borzoi is the long trot., agile, very elastic and airy. During hunting it has an extremely fast gallop, with wide footsteps.
Mantle
SKIN: Loose and elastic.
HAIR: It's silky, soft and loose, wavy or forming short curls, but never tight little curls. In the head, the ears and the limbs is satin (silky, but thicker), short, taut on the body. On the body the hair is longer, wavy; in the shoulder and rump region forms finer curls; on the sides and thighs the hair is shorter; the fur that forms the bangs, the pants and the feather on the tail is longer. The coat on the neck is dense and abundant.
COLOR: All color combination, but never with blue, brown (chocolate) and any derivatives of these colors. All mentioned colors can be solid or stained.
The bangs, pants and tail feather are considerably lighter than background color. In carbon colors the black mask is typical.
Size and weight:
Desirable height at withers:
75 - 85 cm in males,
68 - 78 cm in females.
In males, the height at the withers is equal to or slightly greater than that of the highest point of the croup to the floor. In females, these two heights are the same. Animals exceeding the maximum height are accepted provided that their typical morphology is preserved..
Fouls:
Any deviation from the aforementioned criteria is considered a fault and its seriousness is considered to the degree of
deviation from the standard and its consequences on the health and well-being of the dog, and the dog's ability to perform its traditional task.
Size 2 cm above or below the measurement indicated in the standard.
Body length more than one 10 % or less than one 5 % greater than the height at the withers.
Eyes that are not big enough; sunken; rounded; clear (all shades of hazelnut color).
Small teeth; diastemas between the teeth; absence of one or two PM2. Absence of one or more incisors due to injury, whether the bite can be clearly assessed.
Top line not smooth enough. Pronounced cross. Asymmetric arch. The highest point of the top line that obviously tends towards the rump.
Insufficiently retracted belly; paunchy or hanging.
Tail somewhat short, too tall, with lateral deviation and with the end screwed.
Abundant fringes on the body, the same shade as the base color.
Coat too smooth, hairy, matte and tousled; poorly developed fringes and feathers; absence of feathered.
Equal length of coat all over the body; coat too hard when molting.
SERIOUS FAULTS:
Coarse head with thick, flabby skin; hanging lips. Seen in profile, blunt snout due to nose not prominent enough. Very pronounced naso-frontal depression.
Truffle, discolored eyelids or lips (not dark enough) in all colors. Truffle, partially depigmented lips and eyelids (pink), without showing symptoms of injuries.
Small eyes; yellow; poor eyesight; with the third eyelid too developed.
Absence of any tooth not mentioned in the missing section.
Low set ears; not arranged close to the body and directed downward along the nape; separate insert; too big; thick, heavy, enough with hard cartilage; with rounded tips.
The length of the body equivalent to the length of the body plus a 12 % or less one 3% regarding the height at the withers. Size larger or smaller than 2 cm.. with respect to the stipulated.
High or low insert collar, circular cross section.
Top line descending from a well-pronounced wither towards the insertion of the tail; upper line with a very pronounced arch or straight back in males.
Narrow loin, short or too long (the length of the loin is comparable to the length of the back), straight.
Belly not retracted.
Solid forearms, with round bone in cross section.
Rounded or flat fleshy feet, with spread fingers.
Short tail, thick, no feathered.
Striking fringes on the body in colors other than the main one; color on the body that does not lighten in intensity downwards.
Abundant fur all over the body, excessive undercoat, rough, hard, bristling fur not in the molt, absence of feathered.
FALTAS DESCALIFICANTES:
Aggressiveness or extreme shyness.
Any dog showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities.
Color: brown (including cocoa shades, coffee and chocolate); blue, isabelino (lilac), colors diluted with the truffle of a color other than black.
Truffle, eyelids and lips completely depigmented (pink).
Eyes: in all shades of gray, green or blue; different colored eyes.
Teeth: prognathism or inferior; crooked mouth. Incomplete incisors if they are widely spaced; lack of at least one canine,
if it ain't broke. Lack of proper closure between the upper and lower canines. Jaws that do not close.
Legs: with knuckles (knuckling over). Presence of dewclaws.
Tail: corkscrew, rota (fused vertebrae); cut, even if only partially.
N.B.:
Males should have two normal-appearing testicles fully descended into the scrotum..
Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with the typical conformation of the breed, should be used for parenting
Source: F.C.I - International Cynological Federation
The Maltese is very sensitive, and you prefer a home that is stable.
Content
Characteristics "Maltese"
Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "Maltese" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.
Adaptation ⓘ
5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)
friendly dog ⓘ
5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)
hair loss ⓘ
1,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)
Affection level ⓘ
5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)
Need for exercise ⓘ
1,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)
Social need ⓘ
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Home ⓘ
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Toilet ⓘ
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Friendly with strangers ⓘ
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barking ⓘ
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Health ⓘ
3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)
Territorial ⓘ
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Cat friendly ⓘ
5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)
Intelligence ⓘ
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Versatility ⓘ
3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)
Child friendly ⓘ
1,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)
Surveillance ⓘ
3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)
joy ⓘ
4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)
History
The Maltese It is a canine breed that has existed since ancient times and was already widespread in Mediterranean cultures.. But, contrary to what its name might suggest, its exact origin remains uncertain, but it seems to come from one of the countries of the Mediterranean basin. Along its history, it has been given many names, as Melitae Dog, Ye Ancient Dogge of Malta or Maltese Lion Dog. But, Today it is mainly known as Maltese or Maltese dog.
Archaeological finds tend to confirm that the Maltese it even existed in ancient egypt. In fact, in a tomb dating from the reign of Ramses II (1304 a.C. to 1214 a.C.) a statuette was found representing a dog that looks like him in everything. So, we can assume that the Egyptians considered it a sacred animal.
Maybe because, like Europeans later, they thought it was capable of curing diseases, or at least they discovered that he was able to calm the sick by snuggling up next to them.
They weren't the only ones who honored him, since the Greeks also built graves for their deceased dogs. The dog was also found in ancient Greece, to the point that the famous philosopher Aristotle (384 a.C. – 322 a.C.) mentioned it in his zoological work History of animals. He mentioned a breed of small dog that he called in Latin canes melitenses, What does "Maltese dog" mean?.
Before the beginning of the Christian era, Maltese was also very popular with the Romans. Many noblewomen owned one and never went out without it.. They wore it on the bodice or sleeve, as a jewel or an accessory. This trend continued well beyond ancient Rome.
In the 1st century, Roman Emperor Claudius (10 a.C. – 54 d.C.) he was probably the most famous Maltese owner. Regarding St. Publius (33 d.C. – 112 d.C.), Roman governor of Malta who owned a Maltese named Issa, asked the poet Marcial to write a eulogy for his dog, what he did in his Epigrams collection.
The Maltese came to the British Isles during the reign of Henry VIII (1491-1547), and there he also became very popular among the upper classes, especially among women, who used him as a companion and lap dog. It was appreciated for its beauty, while its small size allowed them to easily carry it on their blouses. It was especially adopted by Queen Elizabeth I (1533-1603).
Although it survived many wars and conflicts over the years, the breed was about to disappear around the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, after unfortunate attempts to miniaturize it to the maximum. To save her it was necessary to cross with the Poodle, Small Spaniels and Asian Miniature Dogs.
Despite its success and presence in many countries, the breed was not introduced to North America until the 19th century. However, one of its representatives (white) was present at the first dog show in the history of the United States, the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show, which was held for the first time in 1877. There it was shown with the name of Maltese Lion Dog.
The breed was soon recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC), already in 1888. But, was not up 1948, 60 years later, when the other most important canine organization in the country, el United Kennel Club (UKC), he did the same. But, American organizations were more active than the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI), who waited until 1955 to recognize the Maltese.
Physical characteristics
They weigh between 1,8 and 4 kg. Being the maximum weight in adulthood of 3 kg in females and 4 kg in males. Its height is of 20 to 25,5 cm., and they have a compact body.
The Maltese it is a small dog with a noble and elegant appearance, and a fluid and graceful walk.
Your body is well proportioned, his chest is quite deep and his ribs are well sprung.
Like other Spitz breeds, its tail curves between the hips until it touches the rump. Carries high and can be curved sideways.
The head is proportional to the size of the body. The skull is slightly rounded and quite wide between the ears. The ears are set low and triangular in shape. The eyes are round and dark brown, with a soft but alert look. The eyelids conform to the eyeball and are pigmented black. The muzzle is fine, average length, and ends in a black nose.
The coat of the Maltese It is thick, shiny and silky. No undercoat, but a layer of long straight hair all over the body, no waves or curls. On the sides, hangs to the ground, which almost gives the impression that the dog is floating.
The fur is white, but a shade of ivory and lemon strokes are allowed. Until the end of the 19th century, it was even possible to use other coat colors. But, at that time, all colors other than solid white were deprecated, so breeders focused solely on individuals with white fur.
As they have no undercoat and shed relatively little, Maltese are often considered a hypoallergenic breed. Although none of them are hypoallergenic, they are usually well tolerated by people allergic to dogs. However, This does not exempt any potential adopter who suffers from this allergy from carrying out a test in real conditions before taking the step..
Last, sexual dimorphism is not very pronounced in this breed: males and females are about the same size.
Some breeders offer the Maltese miniature, whose weight is around 2 kg, or even less. These dogs not only don't conform to the breed standard, Rather, this extreme miniaturization is often accompanied by genetic problems and, in general, health risks. So, you better stay away from them.
In comparison to the Yorkshire Terrier or the Chihuahua, the Maltese you are not as likely to have fingernails or other diseases that can shorten your life.
Popularity
Still today, the Maltese it is still very popular and is present all over the world.
In United States, is around the post 30 (out of a total of 195) in the breed ranking established by the American Kennel Club (AKC) according to the number of births registered each year in the organization. But, this marks a steady decline from, at least, early 21st century, when I was about the twentieth position.
At the same time, on the other hand, has greatly increased its popularity in the UK: while in the middle of the decade of 2000 there were some 400-500 Annual Kennel Club Enrollments, This figure is around the 1100, and has been fairly stable since 2012.
The situation is different in France, since the number of annual entries in the French Origin Book (LOF) almost never stopped increasing for at least half a century. He was in his early twenties 70, a quarantine at the end of this decade, and then multiplied by ten during the 80, until exceeding 400. The trend continued over the years 90, until it stabilized around the 600 at the end of the decade and, Therefore, at the beginning of the 21st century. This trend continued until the decade of 2010, characterized by an increase in 50%, ending with more than 900 births per year.
In Switzerland, it is the 13th most popular breed in the country. There are more than 7000 people registered in the Swiss Amicus database.
Did you know??
The sweet little one Maltese dog is the favorite of celebrities, including Halle Berry, Heather Locklear y Eva Longoria. Could it be because they are so adorable in photographs? We think so.
Kind, loving and affectionate with their masters, the Maltese he is also very attentive to his emotions, and is able to comfort them in difficult times. He is very active and maintains a youthful spirit all his life..
Your attachment to family is so strong that it can be problematic if you are alone too often or for too long. In fact, does not tolerate loneliness well and, therefore, you are likely to suffer from separation anxiety in such circumstances, what can drive, for example, destructive behavior or incessant barking. So, not suitable for a teacher who spends most of his days away from home.
Have him share his home with another dog or with a representative of another species (cat, rodent, bird…) it is a good way to help you better cope with the absences of your masters. But, this is only possible if you have grown up together or if you are used to living with other animals since childhood. In fact, in the event that another animal comes one day to your family, they are likely to be jealous and do not appreciate having to share their master's attention with another animal. In any case, given its small size, it is not advisable to make him live with a large congener, since it could inadvertently hurt you, for example just playing with him.
Its small size and fragile bone structure also explain why it is not recommended to live with young children.. In fact, the latter are quick to have too abrupt gestures towards him, especially during playtime, and could inadvertently hurt you. It also, even if it's not like that, may become scared and overwhelmed when faced with young children who are moving around a lot and making noise, which could cause inappropriate reactions on your part. In any case, a small child should never be left alone with a dog without adult supervision, regardless of race.
Not content with being around family members, the Maltese he's kind to strangers too, as long as I see there is nothing to fear from them. But, this does not prevent you from barking when you perceive a threat or a stranger approaching your home, which makes him a very good alert dog.
The Maltese's need for exercise is very moderate, making it a good breed for older people. Half an hour of activity a day is more than enough, for example, two or three short walks a day and / or small play sessions. But, he also likes dog sports like agility, obedience and rally, but its resistance is limited. In any case, he is always delighted to discover new things and learn new tricks.
As soon as you exercise enough, is quiet, able to adapt to any living space, and is delighted to spend long periods of time with his master, receiving pampering. It is therefore a breed of dog adapted to apartment living., who can be happy both in the city and in the country, in a big house with a garden. But, not made to spend most of the time outside. This is especially true in winter, since its lack of undercoat makes it sensitive to cold. But also the rest of the year, because its small size can make it prey for potential predators (birds Raptors, foxes…), plus the risk of it being stolen by malicious people. In any case, it is not about relegating it abroad, away from his family: accustomed for centuries to living in the heart of homes and loving to be the center of attention, you need to live and interact with your family to be happy and balanced.
Observations
Unlike other dogs the Maltese need little physical activity, What are good candidates for older people. Hunting mice, and they keep them away from the House.
Taking them for a walk would also serve to make them sociable since they do not require much exercise, adults should keep the weight and the best way to do this is by controlling what you eat and taking them for a walk. We must pay attention to the hair, and the help of a dog hairdresser may be required from time to time. You must be careful with approaching other dogs that are very nervous and are uncontrollable.
They can make stunts, How to keep standing on their hind legs for several minutes. Although perfectly adapted to living in apartments for its small size and domestic, love to walk in the open air. To be a difficult race, about all when they are puppies, they require many care. It is recommended to feed with feed, and though loves food human should never be given chocolate, It is highly deadly to this race.
Education
Like any dog, the socialization of Maltese must start at a very young age, period during which it is more malleable and adaptable. It is advisable to make you know as many different individuals and animals as possible, as well as exposing him to all kinds of situations and environments. This is essential for it to be an animal with a good head and serenity in all circumstances..
At the same time, given the very strong level of attachment to their humans that characterizes this breed, teaching the puppy to endure loneliness is part of the priorities of their education, to avoid that the absences of their masters suppose a later problem.
The Maltese he is smart and likes to please his owners. But, sometimes he is stubborn, which can complicate the learning sessions a bit. Ideally, opt for the positive reinforcement training method, since they are not receptive to reprimands and respond much better to stimuli and treats. But, it is important not to abuse the treats or discount them from your dog's daily intake to avoid weight gain.
In any case, you can't miss inappropriate behavior (grunts, barking, aggressiveness, refusal to obey…) when he is young, with the argument that it is small, beautiful and harmless. This would be the best way to make him develop "small dog syndrome", that is to say, get used to doing what you want in any circumstance, and become dominant, aggressive and difficult to live with. So, its owner must be firm from the start and make sure to establish - and enforce- clear rules, long-term constant and applied uniformly by all household members.
Health
The Maltese they are generally robust and healthy dogs.
But, due in particular to the absence of an undercoat, it is particularly sensitive to cold and humidity. When temperatures are cold, should be covered with adog coat.In any case, you are not meant to live in an area where the weather is cold for much of the year.
It also, of course, not completely free from health problems, many of which are common to other small breeds.The conditions to which you are predisposed are:
The Hip Dysplasia, joint malformation whose appearance can be enhanced by a hereditary predisposition, produces pain and lameness in the hips and causes the appearance ofosteoarthritiswhen the animal gets old;
The dislocation of the patella (or dislocation of the patella), common in dogs. It occurs when the kneecap moves in or out of the knee and can cause pain or lameness of varying degrees of severity. In the most severe cases, an operation is necessary;
The tracheal collapse, a respiratory disease that mainly affectssmall dogsand corresponds to a reduction in the diameter of the trachea. The most common sign is a dry and chronic cough, but it can also cause great shortness of breath. If necessary, it may be necessary to place a prosthesis;
The cryptorchidism, often a hereditary defect that prevents the animal's testicles from descending into the scrotum. The only solution then is to remove them surgically to avoid further complications, which leads to the sterilization of the animal;
Congenital portosystemic derivation, a vascular abnormality that can cause growth retardation, weight loss or even neurological problems and / or digestive.In some people, the symptoms are subtle, which makes the diagnosis of the disease later. This pathology, whose cause may be hereditary, can be cured by surgical intervention;
Hydrocephalus, a disease of nervous system in dogs.Symptoms vary from individual to individual (bulging head, growth retardation, nervous disorders, etc.), but the vital prognosis is never very good;
shaking dog syndrome, a disease that mainly affects small dogs in white coats. It consists of inflammation of the cerebellum and causes attacks of involuntary tremors throughout the body and lack of coordination. The symptoms usually begin to appear between the 9 months and 2 years and can be reduced, or even disappear, with drug treatment;
Hypoglycemia, which mainly affects diabetics and corresponds to a significant decrease in blood glucose level. The symptoms of the problem are loss of appetite, lethargic state, tremors and unsteady gait, in the most severe cases, can lead to coma and then death of the animal, if you are not given sugar one way or another;
The Cushing's disease, a hormonal disease whose most common clinical signs include increased appetite, thirst and amount of urine produced, muscle atrophy or the appearance ofalopecia;
The gradual retention atrophy, an incurable inherited disease that consistently affects both eyes at the same time, causing retinal degeneration and progressive loss of vision, at night and then day;
The glaucoma, an eye disease that can be inherited and causes degeneration of the optic nerve and retina due to abnormally high pressure in the eye. This painful pathology for the animal rapidly evolves into total or partial loss of sight, unless it is attended urgently;
The waterfall, It mainly affects the elderly and is a clouding of the lens Causes vision disturbances, up to total loss of sight if uncontrolled, only an operation can allow the animal to regain good vision;
The otitis, frequent inflammation indogs with floppy ears.
It also, the Maltese is easily susceptible to obesity, that can cause or aggravate many existing pathologies, and therefore have a very negative impact on your health. This is all the more true as it constitutes a vicious circle., because an overweight dog becomes less active and, Therefore, being overweight tends to increase.
Finally, even if it is not strictly speaking a disease, is also subject to reverse sneezing (or reverse sneezing).This is manifested by short-lived seizures during which you make loud noises when you inhale that may give the impression that you are choking. Seizures are usually rare and harmless., if they repeat too often, a veterinarian should be consulted to confirm that it is not another condition.
Although the list of diseases the breed is predisposed to can be terrifying, It must be taken into account that its prevalence is low and that most people lead perfectly healthy lives. This is also confirmed by a study carried out in 2004 by the Kennel Club and the British Association of Small Animal Veterinarians, as old age was found to be the leading cause of death in this breed, on a par with cancer. Cardiac causes rank third and together account for more than half of the observed deaths.
The number of diseases to which the breed is predisposed that are or may be hereditary, choosing acreator of Malteseshould not be left to chance: directly influences the probability of obtaining a healthy animal and that it continues to be so., in addition to ensuring thepuppy socialization from its first weeks, A serious breeder refrains from reproducing an individual capable of transmitting a hereditary affection to all or part of his offspring., must be able to present the results of DNA tests performed to parents (and possibly the young) and that they demonstrate that they are free from hereditary defects., it is better not to take unnecessary risks and turn to another breeder., You must also provide a certificate of good health established by a veterinarian as well as details of the vaccinations received, recorded in the puppy's health or vaccination registry.
Later, it is strongly recommended not to make him make prolonged or excessively intense physical efforts during his growth, period when your bones and joints are still very fragile. You would risk injury or malformations, potentially with lifelong consequences. This is even more important because you are predisposed to various joint problems:dislocation of the patella,Hip Dysplasia,etc.
Finally, like any dog, should be taken at least once a year to the vet for a complete checkup, that sometimes you can detect a problem that is still embryonic and treat it as best as possible.It is also an opportunity to perform the necessary booster injections.. At the same time, to prevent the risk of parasites and the multiple diseases that accompany them, your teacher should make sure to renew your deworming treatments throughout the year, whenever necessary.
Life expectancy
15 years
Grooming
The coat of the Maltese requires a lot of daily care. In fact, to avoid knots and keep it clean and shiny, it is advisable to brush it every day with a special brush or glove and use a detangling and revitalizing spray. But, the absence of undercoat means that it is not subject to seasonal shedding and that it loses very little.
The length of her hair makes dirt build up easily, so it tends to quickly give off bad odors. To remedy it, it is necessary to wash it on average once a month. But, you must not go any further: excessive frequency could harm the balance of your skin, by eliminating the sebum that it produces naturally and that protects it from skin problems. It also, systematically use a shampoo specially designed for dogs, also with the risk of damaging your skin, and avoid wetting the inside of your ears, as they are especially prone to ear infections and other infections.
It is also recommended not to let the hair air dry, but clean it directly with a towel after bathing, so that its coat is beautiful once dry.
It also, to avoid being embarrassed by the length of your hair at eye level, it may be a good idea to tie it at the top of the head with a small elastic band or a hair clip.
So that daily detangling is less heavy, It may also be a good idea to take your dog to a professional groomer every one to two months for a short haircut., or do it yourself, for the most skilled. Helps keep the coat neat, prevents dirt from accumulating on the hair and prevents bad odors, common when the coat is long.
It also, hair between the pads and around the ears and eyes should be trimmed once a month to reduce the risk of infection caused by any small plants or spikes that may be stuck in the fur.
You also have to pay special attention to their droopy ears., since this morphological characteristic increases the risk of infections at this level (otitis, etc.). So, they must be inspected and cleaned once a week, and get into the habit every time they get wet or moisture builds up on them.
The weekly maintenance of your ears is also an opportunity to check that there are no tear stains at the corner of your eyes., due to a blocked tear ducts, a very common problem in Maltese. Then, just clean them with a special lotion or with a cotton pad soaked in physiological serum, and then gently wipe them with a cloth. In case of constant and / or continuous discharge, a veterinarian should be consulted.
Looking at your teeth, they must be cleaned with a dog toothpaste at least once a week, using a toothbrush or finger bowl. This routine is important to prevent tartar buildup and the problems it can cause: bad breath, diseases, etc. The ideal for optimal oral health is even to do it several times a week, or even every day.
Utility
The Maltese It is one of the oldest companion dog breeds in the world., fulfilling this function since ancient times. Her beautiful fur, its small size, his friendly temperament and the fact that he is a very calm breed of dog made him a very popular companion for women of high society, as well as many historical figures, both in antiquity and in Renaissance Europe and subsequent centuries. He even had a reputation for healing the sick., or at least alleviate them. In other words, the important place he occupied in his master's life was not new.
In fact, things haven't changed much nowadays, since they are mainly used as companion dogs. But, needs their owners to be present enough by their side on a daily basis, in addition to having time to dedicate to its maintenance.
They are often recommended for people with allergies to dogs, since their lack of undercoat and their moderate shedding make them a fairly hypoallergenic companion. But, keep in mind that no race is 100% hypoallergenic, since all dogs produce dandruff, and there may be quite noticeable differences between individuals, even within the same litter. So, Anyone who suffers from this type of allergy and wishes to adopt a Maltese must first spend a few hours with the proposed animal, to make sure no allergic reaction occurs.
It also, its small size, its shiny white fur, his elegance and graceful gait make the Maltese a must-have in beauty pageants, where he wins prizes very often. But, if you want to expose your dog to a dog show, you better have plenty of time for grooming sessions, since the maintenance of the Maltese coat for this type of event can be time consuming.
Perhaps a more enjoyable way to spend time with him is to train him in various dog sports. In fact, his desire to please his master and his liveliness make him a good competitor in agility competitions, obedience, rally and crawl.
Last, your kindness and kindness, as well as his cheerful and attentive character, make it sometimes used as a therapy dog, since his temperament facilitates contact with the sick.
Price
The price of a puppy Maltese varies between the 650 and 2500 EUR, being the average of about 1600 EUR, without great differences between males and females. Whether in Europe, It is not very difficult to find a Maltese breeder, because they are numerous.
In United States, the offer is wide and the price is similar. You just have to make sure you respect the regulations regarding the importation of a dog from abroad, and keep in mind that transportation costs and administrative fees are added to the purchase price.
Whatever the place, the price difference from one individual to another is explained, in particular, by the greater or lesser conformity of each with the breed standard. The kennel's prestige also comes into play, as well as the lineage from which they descend.
Date of publication of the valid original standard:
27.11.1989
Use:
Companion dog.
General appearance:
Small in size and elongated trunk. It is covered with very long white hair. He is very elegant and his head posture is haughty and distinguished..
important proportions:
The length of the trunk exceeds by 38% the height at the withers. The length of the head is equal to 6/11 the height at the withers.
Behavior / temperament:
Alert, affectionate, very docile and very intelligent.
Head:
Its length is equal to 6/11 the height at the withers. It is very wide and its width barely exceeds half of its length..
Cranial region:
Skull: Its length is slightly longer than that of the snout; the bizygomatic width is equal to its length, and consequently greater than half the length of the head. Seen from above it is slightly ovoid in shape; the top of the skull is flat, with a very little marked occipital process. The protuberances of the frontal bones and eyebrows are well developed. The frontal sulcus is not visible, since it is little marked. The lateral faces are slightly convex.
Depression links (Stop) : Very marked, forming an angle of 90°.
facial region:
Truffle: It is located in the extension of the nasal cannula and, profile view, its front face is vertical. It is voluminous, with nostrils wide open; It is rounded in shape and its color is strictly black.
Snout: Its length is equal to 4/11 of head length; is therefore slightly less than half. Sub-orbital regions are well delineated. Its height is less than the length by a little more 20%. Side faces are parallel, but the snout, seen from the front, It shouldn't look square., since the anterior face is linked to the lateral faces in a series of curves. The nasal cannula is rectilinear, with well-marked grooves in its central part.
Lips: Seen from the front, the upper lip forms a very open arch where it joins. It is not very high, and so the commissure is not visible. The upper lip adapts perfectly to the lower lip, such that the lower profile of the snout is defined by the jaw. The edges of the lips are strictly black.
Jaws: Normally developed and thin in appearance; They are perfectly adjusted. The jaw, whose branches are rectilinear, It's not even prominent, nor elusive in the previous part.
Teeth: The arches are perfectly adjusted and the incisors have a scissor joint.. The teeth are white; the teeth are well developed and complete.
Eyes: Open, alert expression, larger than normal; the eyelid aperture resembles a circle. The eyelids are tightly attached to the eyeball, which is not sunken but rather protruding. The eyes are located on the same almost frontal plane, They are dark ocher in color and the edges of the eyelids are black. Seen from the front, the sclera should not be visible.
Ears: They are almost triangular in shape, Its width represents around 1/3 its length. They are implanted high above the zygomatic arch. They are not very erect, hanging and touching the lateral faces of the skull.
Neck:
Although it is covered with abundant hair, the demarcation with the nape of the neck is clearly visible. The upper profile is arched. Its length represents about half the height at the withers.. It is erect and your skin is not flaccid.
Body:
Its longitude, Measured from the tip of the shoulder to the tip of the buttock, exceeds in a 38% the height at the withers.
top line: It is rectilinear until the implantation of the tail.
Cross: It protrudes slightly from the line of the back.
Back: Its length comprises around 65% the height at the withers.
Rump: In the extension of the dorso-lumbar line, the rump is very wide and long; Its obliquity is 10° below the horizontal.
Breast
: The thorax is broad and descends below the line of the elbows; the ribs are not too tight. The thoracic perimeter exceeds 2/3 the height at the withers. The region of the sternum is well elongated.
Tail:
It is located in the extension of the rump, It is thick at the root and thin at the tip. Its length corresponds to 60% the height at the withers. It forms a single large curve whose tip falls between the haunches touching the rump. Tail that bends over one side of the body is tolerated.
Tips
Former members : Taken together, They are well applied to the body and are well poised.
Scapula: Its length represents 1/3 of the height at the withers and its obliquity below the horizontal is 60 to 65 degrees. Relative to the median plane of the body, approaches the vertical.
Arm: It is longer than the shoulder, includes between 40 to 45% the height at the withers; Its obliquity below the horizontal is 70%. It is well applied to the body in its upper two-thirds and its longitudinal direction is almost parallel to the median plane of the body..
Elbows: They are parallel to the median plane of the body.
Forearm: He is thin and has little visible muscle; However, the bones are rather robust in relation to the size of the breed.. It is less long than the arm and measures 33% the height at the withers. His height, Measured from the floor to the tip of the elbow, comprises around 55% the height at the withers.
Carpo: It is located in the vertical axis of the forearm; has great mobility; It does not have knots and is covered by a thin skin.
Metacarpus: It has the same characteristics of the carpus and, due to its short length, es vertical.
Previous foot: It is rounded, with toes well arched and together; center pad and digital pads are black; the nails are also black, or at least a dark color.
Later members : Seen in conjunction, They have robust bones and are parallel to each other. Seen from the back, They are vertical from the tip of the gluteus to the floor.
Thigh: Its bones are robust and its posterior edge is convex.. It is parallel to the median plane of the body; its direction from top to bottom and from back to front is somewhat oblique in relation to the vertical. Its length reaches about 40% from the height to the withers and its width is a little less than its length.
Leg: The groove is barely visible; Its obliquity below the horizontal is 55°. The leg is slightly longer than the thigh.
Hock: Its anterior angle is 140°.
Metatarsus: The distance from the floor to the tip of the tibiotarsal joint is slightly greater than 1/3 the height at the withers. Its length corresponds to the height of the hock. The metatarsus has perfect poise.
Rear foot: It is rounded like the previous one and has the same characteristics.
Movement:
Uniform, skimming the ground, executed with ease; during trotting the steps are short and fast.
Mantle
Skin : It is well attached to the entire body; It has dark, wine-red spots, especially on the back.. The edge of the eyelids, the third eyelid and the edge of the lips are black.
open the trunk, of which the configuration continues without opening, nor form locks. Tufts on the forelimbs are allowed, from elbow to foot, and on the hind limbs, from knee to foot. There is no inner coat of hairs. The hair on the head is very long, both on the snout, where it mixes with the beard, like on the skull, where it falls until it mixes with that of the ears. Tail hair falls on only one side of the body, that is, on the flank and on the thigh, and it is so long that it reaches the hock.
Color : Pure white. pale ivory is allowed. Pale orange tones are allowed on condition that they give the impression of being spots.. This, However, is not desirable and constitutes an imperfection.
Size and weight:
Height to the cross: Of 21 to 25 cm in males. Of 20 to 23 cm in females.
Weight: Of 3 to 4 kg.
Fouls:
Any deviation from the aforementioned criteria is considered as lack and the seriousness of it is considered to the degree of deviation to the standard and its impact on health and welfare of the dog.
Bilateral strabismus.
Trunk length, that exceeds 43% the height at the withers.
serious fouls
Visibly bulging nasal passage.
Marked underbite, if it alters the external appearance of the snout.
Size larger than 26 cm., and less than 19 cm in males, and higher than 25 cm., and less than 18 cm in females.
ELIMINATING fAULTS
Marked divergence or convergence of the craniofacial axes.
Total depigmentation of the nose, or truffle of another color other than black.
Upper prognathism.
Eyes gazeos.
Total depigmentation of the eyelids.
Anurismo; brachyurism, so much congenital, as artificial.
Curly hair.
Any color other than white, except pale ivory.
Spots of different colors, regardless of its extension.
Any dog showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities should be disqualified..
N.B.:
Males should have two normal-appearing testicles fully descended into the scrotum..
Source: F.C.I - International Cynological Federation
The French Bulldog It is protective and playful but it is not ideal for hiking.
Content
History
What is the origin of "French Bulldog"?
The French Bulldog it is one of the smallest representatives of the class of molossi. Its origin is not very old, since it did not appear until the middle of the 19th century, in the Paris region. It is the only French dog breed originating from Paris.
In the 19th century, most Parisian butchers traditionally owned doguines, a breed of small dog that is now extinct. But to be fashionable, they started to buy small Bulldogs, called Toy Bulldogs. Importing Bulldogs in France had begun at the end of the 18th century.
It also seems that, parallel, between 1865 and 1880, English workers pushed by the industrial revolution to come to work in France contributed to introducing race into the French working class.
At that time, besides being popular in England, dogfighting was very popular in the Parisian suburbs and many butchers, cocheros, merchants and workers had a fighting dog. The Bulldog had not yet acquired the character of a companion dog, and still had the tenacity of the Molossoid from which it came.
At the same time, the rat dog was also very common in the Parisian suburbs, especially popular with coachmen, who used it to rid their stables of rats.
Like this, the crossing of a Buzzard with a Bulldog, to get a smaller fighting dog, laid the foundations of French Bulldog. The Bulldog he was also randomly bred with other local dogs, as the Doguins or French Terriers, and the brachycephalic character of the dog was accentuated with the help of Lilleois, a small dog from northern France derived from Pug, today extinct.
In 1880 the first French Toy Bulldog Club was formed and in 1888 a draft standard was drawn up. The goal was to have short-faced, straight-eared dogs.
In 1893, Krehl, a British breeder, imported French Toy Bulldogs to England to present to the English Kennel Club. Immediately, a dispute broke out over the paternity of the breed between the French and the English. The British considered that the breed standard had not been respected by the French, and they considered that the French Toy Bulldog was their creation. Until 1899, the Club of Bulldog refused to admit the French Bulldog in the breeding book, claiming that it did not preserve the purity of the race, before reversing his decision and finally accepting him French Bulldog together with him Bulldog.
The French preserved the paternity of the race, not without reason. «The British contributed the main ingredients, but it was the French who established the final recipe that led to the French Bulldog as we know it », escribió Françoise Girard in her book The French Bulldog.
The first breed standard was established in 1898, year in which the Société Centrale Canine recognized her. It was subsequently modified several times, in 1931-1932 and in 1948. Refurbished in 1986 por H.F. Reant and Raymond Triquet and published in 1987 by the FCI, was last corrected in 1994 by the committee of the Club of French Bulldog, with the collaboration of Raymond Triquet.
His mouth and his clown mimicry opened the French Bulldog the gates of the bourgeoisie. In the early 20th century, became the darling of the aristocracy, and the great names of the time like Colette, Mistinguett or Yves Saint-Laurent succumbed to its charms. In addition to becoming the favorite of French high society, it was also highly coveted by the aristocracy of other European countries, like English royalty or the Russian emperor's court, and had great success in the United States, where prominent American personalities, como Josephine Baker, they became infatuated with the little animal.
In summary, throughout the West, the ladies wanted to be accompanied by a French Bulldog, although the race came from the poorest strata of the population.
The austerity brought about by the world wars will be dramatic for the race, that was on the verge of extinction due to lack of breeders to produce it. We had to wait for the beginning of the eighties and the tenacity of certain passionate breeders of French Bulldog so that I would return under the lights of the wall.
Physical characteristics
for a French Bulldog in good condition, the weight must not be less of 8 kg, or more of 14 kg, the size is in proportion to the weight.
The French Bulldog is a typical small molossoid. It is a powerful dog with a stocky appearance, compact all out of proportion. They have a short, flattened face, with folds and wrinkles, and a mighty jaw. His eyes are big, dark and bulging, and his nose is necessarily black.
The coat of the French Bulldog it's short and closed, without Undercoat, and it can be tawny, solid or slightly brindle, sometimes with white spots.
Last, the French Bulldog has naturally straight and pointed ears, while his tail is short, often twisted or naturally amputated and pointed.
Weight and height
▷ Male size: 30 – 35 cm.
▷ Female size: 29 – 34 cm.
▷ Male weight: 8 – 14 kg
▷ Female weight: 7 – 12 kg
Character and skills
It is said that most dogs are sticky, and the French Bulldog confirm the rule. So much so that it is usually closer to its owner than to its companions., and sometimes he is possessive and exclusive with his dear master.
For all of it, is a happy dog, cuddly and playful.
When he's not sleeping, he is close to his master, often reproducing their actions by mimicry. To the French Bulldog he does not like to be alone, but its small size allows it to be carried to most public places, and even to work if your education has been well done.
He loves children and plays with them without showing any aggression. It also, if sometimes he barks to signal the arrival of a stranger (knowing that he rarely barks and does the minimum of guard duty, because it is not their main occupation), the real French Bulldog, well mannered, will never bite a human. Aggression is considered a defect of this breed. In fact, most French Bulldogs they are kind and respectful to everyone, with both humans and animals, but some may be reserved with strangers.
The temperament of French Bulldog also makes it a suitable dog breed for seniors.
Having said that, although they are capable of being the calmest companions, they need to expend their energy daily, otherwise their owners may encounter some mischief, like destruction and damage to the house.
Education
How to educate a "French Bulldog"?
Despite his cute looks, do not forget the roots of this dog. So, their ability to be dominant must be controlled from a very early age through gentle upbringing, firm and consistent. In fact, a little rigorous education could have bad repercussions in the daily life and the coexistence between the dog and its humans.
On the other hand, the French Bulldog can easily get angry if his upbringing is too aggressive, While, on the other hand, a well-balanced firmness in the voice allows you to quickly and easily incorporate the rules of the house.
Health
Unlike many races, the French Bulldog do not have any recurring genetic defects.
But, your health needs to be closely monitored to prevent or identify the most common problems as soon as possible:
Sensitivity to heat
The French Bulldogs they are very sensitive to heat. From about 25° and especially on sunny days, the risks of heat stroke and heat stroke can occur very quickly, and even cause the death of the dog. As much as saying that the French Bulldog cannot live abroad.
Spinal problems
The dehydration of the intervertebral disc, which plays the role of buffer between 2 vertebrae, is a real danger for him French Bulldog. The intervertebral disc becomes cartilaginous and ends up ossifying little by little. It no longer performs its role as a shock absorber and tends to be expelled to the outside. This ossification may be followed by compression of the spinal cord., at risk of nerve tissue injury and paralysis.
The herniated disc is another classic disorder in the French Bulldog. Appears with premature wear of cartilage. This condition most often affects individuals who have been jumped on their hind legs during their youth.. Dogs with this disease experience severe muscle pain when they move. They walk with their heads down, with contracted neck muscles. In severe cases, this can lead to hind limb paralysis.
The chondrodystrophy, less common, causes a shortening of the bones, which can cause significant locomotion problems.
Last, the French Bulldog can also suffer Hip Dysplasia, elbow dysplasia or dislocation of patella.
airway obstruction
The French Bulldog may be exposed to different types of airway obstruction problems, call brachycephalic syndrome.
First of all, the nasal stenosis (Also called "pinched nasal fossa") corresponds to a collapse of the alar cartilage, too soft. This causes respiratory discomfort that can force the dog to breathe through the mouth to compensate for the lack of oxygen. The condition is noticeable by the line of the nostrils, which is then straight instead of comma-shaped. In this case, the only remedy is surgery.
The soft palate is too long and may cause compression of the larynx. This condition is not detectable in young puppies, but there are some symptoms that should set off the alarm. But, you have to notice certain symptoms, like a very pronounced snoring, or fatigue and shortness of breath that occur quickly when walking. A bluish discoloration of the mucous membranes and tongue may also be noted., bloodshot eyes and, sometimes, rickets.
The edema of the larynx, what is a specific disorder, appears especially in case of stress or heat stroke, or even both combined. The dog then gasps and scratches when inhaling. This situation requires quick intervention, placing the dog in a cool place as much as possible and cooling it, for example, spraying it with plenty of cold water. The first priority is to calm the animal, before taking him to the vet for an emergency cortisone injection.
Eye problems
The French Bulldogs can be victims of Nictitating gland dislocation. This gland tends to stick out of the corner of the eye and can grow rapidly to the size of a blackberry.. This condition is common in Bulldogs growing, but it can also be the result of an eye infection.
In general, the prominence of the eyes of the French Bulldog makes them particularly fragile in this area. But, it is possible to protect them thanks to glasses perfectly adapted for them.
Hermaphroditism
Hermaphroditism in the French Bulldog It is rare, but its existence deserves to be informed.
Grooming
The coat of the French Bulldog does not require very difficult maintenance. Regular brushing (two or three times a week) it is enough to remove its many dead hairs, and a bath once a month with a dog shampoo will keep their coat shiny. It also, has a light that spills.
On the other hand, the folds of your face should be cleansed at least twice a week and kept with cream, to avoid infection. You also have to clean his ears at least once a week.
It also, you have to clean the eyes regularly with an anti-inflammatory eye drops and be careful with the blows. His eyes are particularly fragile, and any tearing, either regular or excessive, may be a sign of a disease. At this level, great vigilance is necessary.
Last, you also have to take care of the area under your tail, since the fact that it is located on your buttocks causes dirt to accumulate, and the morphology of the animal does not allow it to clean itself properly.
Food
Due to his brachycephalic head, the French Bulldog tends to swallow food without chewing it, which causes digestive sensitivity and causes rumbling in the stomach and flatulence. So, you need a diet that allows you to maintain your weight and offers good digestibility, without excess fat, but with a sufficient enrichment in essential fatty acids, amino acids and vitamins of group B.
It is advisable to give two meals a day, one in the morning and one at night.
Use
The French Bulldog is primarily a companion and indoor dog, but it can also be a good guard and defense dog.
On the other hand, because of your bad breath, it is not a sporting dog. Like this, although I appreciate the walks, that are good for maintaining your powerful muscles, jogging with him is not recommended.
Also be careful with the waterways and the pool. In effect, because of his stocky body and heavy head, the French Bulldog is not a very good swimmer, and you risk drowning.
Breeders list "French Bulldog"
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Aires of the North
We also try to ensure that our puppies have a balanced character.; The BOXER has to have a strong character when the situation really requires it, but without forgetting some of the characteristics that have made it stand out among other dog breeds., how they are their big heart, being able to spend hours playing and putting up with the pranks of the children, whether they are at home or not., while also being affectionate with all family members and friends, since the BOXER is such a special dog that it is also friendly with all the people it meets, without ceasing to be distrustful of strangers.
ago more than 20 years that we decided to enjoy our life together with this magnificent breed. We do selective breeding, that's why we breed few litters, always prioritizing quality over quantity, That is why we carefully choose the stallions that we use and that we think can best suit the qualities and bloodlines of our breeding animals., for our future litters. All our dogs and our puppies, They always live and are raised as a family.
Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "French Bulldog" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.
FCI – Group 9: Section 11: Small Molossian type Dogs ⓘ
AKCⓘ
ANKCⓘ
CKCⓘ
KCⓘ
NZKCⓘ
UKCⓘ
FCI breed standard "French Bulldog"
Origin:
France
Date of publication of the valid original standard:
28.04.1995
Use:
Companion dog, guard and toy.
General appearance:
It is the typical small size moleosoid. It is a robust dog despite its small size and its small and plump proportions. His hair is ceiling and his face is short and flat. The ears are straight and the tail is short from birth. You must have the appearance of an active animal, awake, very muscled, of a compact structure and solid bones.
Behavior / temperament:
Is sociable, joyful, playful, sports and awake. It is particularly affectionate with its master and children.
Head:
This must be very strong, wide and square, and it must be covered by skin, It is almost symmetrical wrinkles and folds. The head of the Bulldog is characterized by a contraction of the maxillo-nasal massif; So, the skull has won in amplitude that has lost in length.
Cranial region:
Skull: It is wide, almost flat; the forehead is bulging. The superciliares arches are prominent and are separated by a Groove particularly developed between the eyes. The Groove must not be lengthened to the front. The occipital Crest is little developed.
Depression links (Stop): Very sharp.
facial region:
Truffle: Wide, very short, raised; the nostrils are wide open, they are symmetrical and extends obliquely backward. The inclination of the nostrils, as well as the nose raised, they should allow, However, a normal nasal breathing.
Nose cane: It is well short, broadband and presents concentrically symmetrical pleats that descend on the upper lip (length : 1/6 the total length of the head).
Lips: Thick, a little loose, black. The upper lip is joined to the bottom in the Center and completely covers the teeth, It should not be never visible. The profile of the upper lip is descending and rounded. The language should never be visible.
Jaws: They are wide, square, strong. The lower jaw traces a wide curve that ends in front of the upper jaw. With your mouth closed, The prominence of the lower jaw (prognathism) It is moderate by the curvature of the branches of the mandible. This incurvation is necessary to avoid an outstanding too remarkable of the lower jaw.
Teeth: The lower incisors are not never behind the upper incisors. Lower incisive arch is rounded. The jaws should not present or lateral deviation, or torque. The separation of the incisive arcades is not strictly delimited, Since the essential thing is to join the upper lip and the bottom to completely cover the teeth.
Cheeks: The cheese muscles are well developed, but they never Excel.
Eyes: Are awake expression, they are low and quite away the truffle and above all ears. Are dark, quite large, well rounded, slightly bulging; the sclera is not never visible when the animal looks from the front. The edge of the eyelids must be black.
Ears: Medium-sized, wide at the base and round at the tip. They are erect; set high, but not too close to each other. The Pavilion is open to the front. The skin must be thin and soft to the touch.
Neck:
It is short and slightly arched. It presents no Chin.
Body:
top line: The upper line rises progressively at the back level and then descend quickly towards the tail.
Back: It is wide and muscled.
Pork loin: Short and broad.
Rump : It is oblique.
Breast
: Cylindrical and descends well down. The ribs are barrel-shaped, very rounded.
Sill: It is very open.
Belly and flanks: Raised, Although not agalgados.
Tail:
Short, low implantation on the rump, attached to the buttocks. It is thick at the base, knotted or naturally bent and pointed at the end. Even when the dog is in action, the queue must be below the horizontal. The relatively long tail (It should not exceed the point of the Hock), bent and sharp, It is accepted, Although not highly valued.
Tips
Former members:
Views front and profile, they have regular limbs.
Shoulder: Short and thick, of strong and apparent muscles.
Arm : Short.
Elbow: Strictly attached to the body.
Forearm: Short, well separated, rectilinear and muscular.
Carpus and metacarpus: Solid and short.
Later members:
They are strong and muscular, somewhat longer than the previous ones, thus raising the rear room. Seen from the rear and profile, they have regular limbs.
Thigh: Muscled, firm, Although not too round.
Hock: Quite low. It is not too angular and is above all not too straight.
Metatarsus: Solid and short. The Bulldog must be born without Spurs.
FEET
Previous feet: round, small; they are known as "Jack's foot". They sit firmly on the ground and become slightly outward. The fingers are well compact, fingernails are short, thick and separated. Pads are hard, thick and black. In striped dogs nails must be black.
In dogs "Caille" (striped dog Fawn color with moderately extended white patches) and the fawn color (with white patches mildly or too extended) prefer dark fingernails, Although not penalized those of color clear.
Hind feet: compacts.
Movement:
Loose step; the limbs move in parallel to the median plane of the body.
Mantle
HAIR:
It is beautiful, Satin, tight, bright and smooth.
COLOR:
Griffon uniform tone, either Brindle or not, or with moderately extended white patches.
Tawny, whether or not Brindle, with moderately or very widespread white patches.
We accept all the nuances of Griffon, from the Red, until the coffee with milk. Completely white dogs are classified under the category of "Fawn Brindle with widespread white patches". If a dog has a truffle too dark, and dark eyes with eyelids also dark, some despigmentaciones of the face can tolerate exceptionally, When the animal is very beautiful.
Size and weight:
SIZE AND WEIGHT:
For a Bulldog in good condition, the weight must not be less of 8 kg, or more of 14 kg, the size is in proportion to the weight.
Fouls:
Any deviation from the aforementioned criteria is considered as lack and the severity of this is considered the degree of deviation to the standard and its consequences on the health and well -being of the dog.
Truffle close or shrinking, and chronic snoring.
Lips that are not attached to the front.
Depigmentation of the lips.
light eyes.
Spada.
Raised glue, too long, or abnormally short.
Peeled elbows.
Straight Hock, or shifted to the front.
Incorrect entries.
Too long hair.
Spotted fur.
SERIOUS FAULTS:
Incisors, visible when the mouth is closed.
Language is apparent when the mouth is closed.
Rigidity in the movements of the forelimbs.
Discolored spots on the face, except for the striped Fawn color with moderately extended white patches "Caille" and the Griffon with little or very widespread white patches.
Insufficient or excessive weight.
MISS PLAYOFFS:
Cowardice, aggression toward owner.
Truffle in a color that is not black.
Split lip.
Lower incisors placed behind the upper incisors.
Canine constantly visible when the mouth is closed.
Eyes heterocromos.
Ears that are not erect.
Mutilation of ears, the queue or spurs.
Absence of tail.
Spurs in the hind limbs.
Coat of black and fire, grey rat, or brown.
Any dog showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities should be disqualified..
N.B.:
Males should have two normal-appearing testicles fully descended into the scrotum..
TRANSLATION : IRIS Carrillo, Puerto Rico Kennel Federation.
Source: F.C.I - International Cynological Federation
Thanks to its nature, the Havanese is used in therapy with animals
Content
Characteristics "Havanese"
Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "Havanese" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.
Adaptation ⓘ
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friendly dog ⓘ
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hair loss ⓘ
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Affection level ⓘ
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Need for exercise ⓘ
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Social need ⓘ
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Home ⓘ
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Toilet ⓘ
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Friendly with strangers ⓘ
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barking ⓘ
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Health ⓘ
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Territorial ⓘ
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Cat friendly ⓘ
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Intelligence ⓘ
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Versatility ⓘ
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Child friendly ⓘ
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Surveillance ⓘ
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joy ⓘ
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History
Like all kind dogs Bichon, as the Coton de Tulear, the Bolognese or the Maltese, the Havanese has its origins in the western Mediterranean, on the Spanish and Italian coasts.
There are several theories about its appearance.. According to some historians, descends from Bichón de Tenerife, that was brought to Cuba in the 18th century, when several settlers began to settle on the island. Others believe that it is descended from Barbet and the Poodle French bred in France before being brought to Cuba by Spanish settlers, also during the 18th century. But, this hypothesis is much less plausible than the first.
In any case, as soon as you get to the island, their ancestors evolved to adapt to the climate, developing a lightweight, insulating coat to better tolerate heat. They also crossed paths with Blanquitos de la Habana, another Bichon-type dog that was already established on the island, but that has disappeared. Other crosses were probably made with Maltese, also imported by the settlers. The result was a more massive dog, rustic and robust.
It also, Cuba was subject to trade restrictions imposed by Spain at that time, and remained isolated for some time: this facilitated the development of a specifically local breed. During the 18th century, the breed was called Habanera, in reference to the city of Havana, capital of Cuba. They differed from other Bichon-type dogs by their fur, softer and that it could be of other colors besides white, and by its morphology. In fact, I was both smaller and bigger than them.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the Havanese had become a very popular pet among Cuban aristocratic families. European travelers also fell under its spell, and some took them to england, Spain and France, which is why they also became fashionable in Europe in the middle of the century. Writer Charles Dickens (1812 – 1870) and queen victoria (1819 – 1901) were some of the celebrities who owned them and who had a special predilection for this breed.
After the Cuban revolution of 1959, the race had a bad time. In fact, their number greatly decreased, to the point of being on the verge of extinction. But, some subjects accompanied people fleeing the chaos and went into exile abroad, especially in the state of Florida, in United States. Diplomatic tensions, sometimes very strong, they did not prevent Havanans from beginning to be known in the country. In fact, the breed probably owes its salvation to the individuals brought to the United States, as disturbances in their native territory caused a drastic drop in their numbers. In fact, although the breed continued to be present in Cuba during this period, it was primarily American enthusiasts who took up the breeding torch at this time in history.
Specialists emphasize in particular the importance of 11 specimens born on the island and who accompanied their masters to the United States: served as the basis for the selection made to constitute new lines. In fact, These 11 dogs were commissioned over the years 70 by the Goodales, a couple of American breeders. Enchanted by the intelligence of the race, its affectionate character and its great resistance to the hot and humid climate of Florida, they gave birth to puppies from the ten copies they possessed and developed a breeding program that was decisive. In fact, It is thanks to his work that the habanero had a new life in the United States and that new lines were born there, based on dogs born in Cuba. The first births took place in 1974, and in 1979 a breed club was created, the Havanese Club of America (HCA). Quickly, went from 9 to more than 400 Member, which shows how quickly this dog found an audience.
The recognition of Havanese
Although this country played a decisive role in the survival of the race, the official recognition of Havanans in the United States came late. In effect, we had to wait until 1991 for the United Kennel Club (UKC) take the step. The other local reference organization, the American Kennel Club (AKC), he did the same 5 years later, in 1996.
El Canadian Kennel Club (CKC) followed him in 1999.
On the other hand, the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) distinguished himself by recognizing the Havanese in 1963. This contributed to its spread in Europe., where the breed did not really enjoy the same popularity as in the second half of the 19th century.
In the United Kingdom, was recognized by the prestigious and influential Kennel Club in 1993.
More broadly, the Havanese is now recognized by all major international and national institutions in the world.
The situation of Havanese in Cuba
In Cuba, the flight of a large number of aristocrats (the same ones that constituted the main population of owners of this dog) to the United States and elsewhere could have raised fears of a disappearance of the race in the country.
But, this was avoided, since not all the owners of habaneros left, and some offspring continued to exist. Even in 1991 the Cuban Club of the Havanese (CCBH) with the aim of promoting the breed, protect it and promote its development. It also, of course, is recognized by the national canine organization, the Cynological Federation of Cuba (FCC).
Today, the Havanese It is considered the national breed of Cuba – She is the only one from this country.). Obviously, is recognized by the national canine organization, the Cynological Federation of Cuba (FCC). Enthusiasts now hope that the resumption of relations between the United States and the island will allow the exchange of dogs to expand the gene pool of Cuban and American bloodlines..
Did you know??
The Habanero It is the national dog of Cuba. Descend from the already gone Blanquito de la Habana; the Blanquito descends from Bichón Tenerife, too late.
Popularity
In the news, the Havanese is known and distributed all over the world, and is increasingly successful in many countries.
This is the case, in particular, from France, where each year some 800 dogs in the French Stud Book (LOF). The breed experienced an especially pronounced boom among 2009 and 2014, going from about 250 births per year to more than 700. Prior to that, the number had already doubled in the first decade of the 21st century, starting from a hundred, stable or even slightly inferior to the years 90.
In Switzerland, statistics from the Amicus Database show it to be the 20th most common breed in the country, With almost 5.000 registered copies.
The success of Havanese it is even more pronounced in Canada, where it is solidly anchored at the Top 10 of the most popular breeds in the country in view of the number of registrations in the CKC, standing between the 5th and 7th position depending on the year. The breed is also on the rise, since at the end of the decade of 2000 ranked 15th.
Its popularity is not denied in the United States either., where the stall is around 25 (of about 200) in the breed ranking established by the AKC based on the number of births registered each year in the organization. In the middle of the Decade of 2000, rather occupied the position 40, and around the 30 early in the decade 2010.
The Havanese is also increasingly popular in the UK, for example. In fact, at around 500 specimens registered annually with the KC at the end of 2010, more than double the score at the beginning of the decade, when some 200 births per year.
Physical characteristics
The Havanese is a small vigorous dog low on short legs, longhair, abundant, soft, preferably wavy. Their movements are alive and elastic.
Its height to the cross is of 21 to 29 cm., with the ideal of breed between 22,9 and 26,7 cm.. Its height is slightly smaller than the length from the shoulder to the hind legs, which should give the appearance of being slightly longer than it is tall. A unique aspect is the line of its back, straight but not horizontal. Their weight is between the 3,6 and 6,8 kg.
The truffle is black, the eyes are very large, in the form of almond, never round, Brown most obscure. It has a friendly expression. The contour of the eye should be dark brown to black. The ears are medium in length, implemented relatively high, falling along the cheeks forming a fold that elevates them slightly. Its tip is a bit strong tip. They are covered with hair in long fringes. Nor distant as windmill blades, or glued to the cheeks. It takes the high tail, in the form of pastoral staff (with the curved upper limb, in the form of scrolls) or, preferably, wound on the back; It is equipped with a fringe of long silky hairs.
With regard to their coat, the inner layer lanosa, is poorly developed; is often absent altogether. The layer of coverage is very long (12-18 cm in an adult dog), soft, flat or wavy, and it can be curly, wicks.
There are two varieties of color:
Pure completely white, Fawn in different shades of the Griffon clear del habano (wetwood tobacco colour); spots of the mantle in these colors, sometimes slightly carborane.
White coat colors, light tawny to Brown, with black spots, black cloak. With the black nose and dark pigment around eyes, except for the chocolate-colored dogs, It can have dark brown pigment around the nose.
Mantle's hair should be long, soft, fluffy, silky and should be brushed frequently so that you do not enrede and form knots.
Many people consider Havanese Bichon a hypoallergenic dog.
“Havanese Bichon” Grooming
Provided that carried his dog an aesthetic Center, remind the professional stylist to revise the ears of your dog so that clean excess match, dust and dirt that might be present; as well as remove excess hair that grows in the ear hole. Deeper ear cleanings can only be done by the veterinarian.
It is important that you as the owner check your dog's ears and ears at least once a week to avoid more serious problems.. See where this is necessary for inspection and care to the veterinary doctor. Professional groomers should inform the owners of the pets they serve about possible ear problems so that they can be taken care of properly.
The nails should be cut each 3 to 4 weeks on average, their nails should measure approximately 1 cm., counting the root (which should measure up to half a centimeter). It is recommended that the cutting of nails do the veterinary doctor or the professional stylist. Owners if they do not have adequate experience should ask for advice to learn how to cut them; always using the tools in good condition and appropriate. Never cut the nails of your dog if you don't have special healing powder to control accidental bleeding that might be present. It is important that the dog is confident, post which tends to be aggressive in defending their legs.
The hair is very thin and fine. It is recommended to consistently styling each 2 or 3 days to prevent knots or lint from forming. It also, the hair helps to get rid of the unhealthy hairs. The breed standard provides for a cut of hair around their feet to avoid that look like a round pie and a small cut around the eyes for hygienic reasons, but no more cutting to participate in dog shows.
The hair of the Cubs is different from adult dogs, for this reason the agreement differently may be necessary. Check with your professional stylist. Remember your stylist to clean the anal glands of your dog as part of the routine of aesthetics; a veterinarian can also and recommend him to you each time this procedure must be your dog. The problems of anal glands are risky and uncomfortable.
Character and skills
They are very playful and good dogs with older people, rather than with the children. They love to climb on furniture and are one of the smallest companion breeds around..
The Havanese is exceptionally awake, It's easy to educate as alarm dog. Affectionate, cheerful nature, is nice, warm, funny, playful and even a little jester. He wants his entire family, including parents and children, and play endlessly with them. Rarely behaves aggressively, is friendly and is rarely shy or nervous around people, but still suspicious of strangers.
Ready and active, the Havanese has a light and elastic walk (physically given by his body), enough showy and agile as to emphasize their nature happy, also tends to be proud and conceited. It has free movements of the front limbs which move straight forward and the rear ones giving the push in a straight line.. It would always seek care through tricks as running from one room to another as fast as possible. You don't need too much exercise. This is a very people-oriented variety; They also have the habit of persecuting people without being possessive and play without attack.
The key word of this race is natural. The standard of the American Kennel Club speaks of one playful character rather than decorative and should reflect a Toy by its size and by playing with children and do tricks, not to be lying on a Silk Pillow.
Thanks to its nature, These dogs are used in therapy with animals, as for the deaf and in detection of termite among other assistance dog.
Price
The price of a puppy Havanese round the 1200 euros on average. But, this amount hides great disparities, since the price range goes from 700 to 2500 EUR.
whatever the country, the amount required depends on several criteria, as the quality of the lineage from which the animal comes, the prestige of the kennel, as well as, and above all, the intrinsic characteristics of the puppy, especially on the physical plane, that is to say, its greater or lesser approximation to the breed standard.
Date of publication of the valid original standard:
31.10.2016
Use:
Companion dog.
General appearance:
The Havanese is a vigorous little dog, low on legs, longhair, abundant, soft and preferably wavy. Their movements are alive and elastic.
important proportions: The length of the muzzle is equal to the distance between the frontal-nasal depression and the occipital protuberance.
The relationship between the length of the body (measured from the tip of the shoulder to the tip of the buttock) and the height at the withers is 4/3.
Behavior / temperament:
Exceptionally awake, It's easy to educate as alarm dog. Affectionate, cheerful nature, is nice, warm, funny, playful and even a little jester. He loves the boys and plays endlessly with them.
Head:
Long Middle, the relationship between the length of the head and the length of the trunk (measured from the withers to the birth of the tail) is of 3/7.
Cranial region:
Craging: Flat to slightly convex, broad; slightly elevated forehead; seen from above, it is round at the back and almost straight and square on the other three sides.
Hocico: It becomes progressively thinner and slightly towards the truffle; neither pointed nor truncated.
Labios: Fine, net, tight.
Jaw/Teeth: Scissor-shaped bite. A complete denture is sought. Absence of premolars is tolerated 1 (PM1) and molar 3 (M3).
Cheeks: Very flat, not prominent.
Eyes: So big, in the form of almond, Brown most obscure. friendly expression. The contour of the eye should be dark brown to black.
Ears: Relatively high deployed, fall along the cheeks in an inconspicuous crease that raises them slightly. Its tip is a bit strong tip. They are covered with hair in long fringes. Nor distant as windmill blades, or glued to the cheeks.
Neck:
Long Middle.
Body:
The length of the body slightly exceeds the height at the withers. top line: Straight, slightly arched at the loin. Rump: Well inclined.
Costillas: Well arched.
Belly: Well collected.
Tail:
carried high, in the form of pastoral staff (with the curved upper limb, in the form of scrolls) or, preferably, wound on the back; It is equipped with a fringe of long silky hairs.
Tips
Former members:
Ageneral appearance: Straight and parallel, dry; good bones. The distance between the floor and the elbow should not be greater than the distance between the elbow and the withers.
Pinis previous: A bit elongated, small, compact.
Later members:
Ageneral appearance: Good bones; moderate angulations.
Hind feet: A bit elongated, small, compact.
Movement:
The Havanese has a light and elastic walk, colorful and agile enough to underline its cheerful character. Well free movement of the forelimbs, which move straight ahead, the posterior ones giving the push in a straight line.
Mantle
Plink: The inner layer, woolly, is poorly developed; is often absent altogether. The layer of coverage is very long (12-18 cm in an adult dog), soft, flat or wavy, and it can be curly, wicks.
Any arrangement is prohibited, all hair length matching with scissors and all waxing.
Exception: a cleaning of the hairs of the feet is authorized, the hairs on the forehead can be slightly trimmed so that they do not cover the eyes, and the hairs on the muzzle may be slightly trimmed, but it is preferable to leave them natural.
Codor: Rarely completely pure white, leonado in its different shades (it is admitted with light carbonation), black, tan brown, tobacco color, reddish brown. Stains are allowed in the listed colors. Tan markings are allowed in all shades.
Size and weight:
Height to the cross: of 23 to 27 cm.
Tolerance: of 21 to 29 cm.
Fouls:
Any deviation from the aforementioned criteria is considered as a fault and the severity of this is considered to the degree of the deviation to the standard and its consequences on the health and well-being of the dog..
Serious misconduct:
General appearance without tip
Truncated or pointed snout, whose length is not identical to that of the skull.
bird of prey eyes; eyes that are too sunken or prominent; depigmented spots on the eyelids
Too long or too short body.
Straight tail, not carried elevate
Former members "in lira" (nearby carpus, feet turned outward).
Deformed pies.
Wire-haired, sparse hair; short hair except in puppies; groomed hair.
disqualifying fouls:
Aggressiveness or extreme shyness.
Any dog showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities.
Aggressive or fearful dog.
Depigmented truffle.
Upper or lower prognathism.
Ectropion and entropion; eyelid edges completely depigmented.
Size that exceeds or does not reach the norms indicated by the standard.
N.B.:
Males should have two normal-appearing testicles fully descended into the scrotum..
Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with the typical conformation of the breed, should be used for breeding
Lthe latest changes are in bold.
Source: F.C.I - International Cynological Federation
The owner of a Bichon Frise (Bichon à poil frisé) You should avoid leaving it alone, suffers from anxiety when you're alone.
Content
Characteristics "Bichon Frise (Bichon à poil frisé)"
Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "Bichon Frise (Bichon à poil frisé)" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.
Adaptation ⓘ
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friendly dog ⓘ
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hair loss ⓘ
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Affection level ⓘ
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Need for exercise ⓘ
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Social need ⓘ
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Home ⓘ
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Toilet ⓘ
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Friendly with strangers ⓘ
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barking ⓘ
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Health ⓘ
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Territorial ⓘ
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Cat friendly ⓘ
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Intelligence ⓘ
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Versatility ⓘ
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Child friendly ⓘ
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Surveillance ⓘ
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joy ⓘ
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History
It is said that the Bichon Frise, also known as Bichon à poil frisé, is the product of a cross between the Maltese and other small dogs, including Barbet (French Water Dog), ancestor of Poodle.
Very present on the shore of the Mediterranean during the 14th century, would have been introduced to the Canary Islands by merchants and sailors who traveled the seas. At that time, the curly-haired Bichon was called Tenerife, by the name of one of the Canary Islands.
It was at the beginning of the 16th century when the Bichon Frise made its appearance in France, more specifically under the reign of Francisco I (1494-1547), that made him her favorite companion. Later, King Henry IV (1553-1610), that he was a great admirer of the breed, made it a very popular companion dog and requested by the ladies and gentlemen of the Court.
The heyday of Bichon Frise lasted until the 18th century, two centuries marked by the interest of the great painters of the time for this little dog. We find it for example in 1770 in the work of the painter Jean-Honoré Fragonard, The sweet ticket, depicting a woman with a magnificent bichon frize. In 1795, Francisco Goya painted The Duchess of Alba, with a Bichon Frise lying at his feet. Madame de Pompadour (1721-1764), Louis XV's favorite (1710-1774), would have had several Bichon Frise.
During the Second Empire (1852-1870), the Bichon Frise, always in fashion, progressively left the halls of the aristocracy and became very popular with the general population. Appreciated for his intelligence and agility, accompany the entertainers in the streets, to jugglers and other organ players.
Unfortunately, as with many breeds of dogs, World War I was a severe blow to the Bichon à poil frisé, and during the interwar period, the breeders of Bichon Frise almost entirely disappeared.
Fortunately, a passionate Belgian breeder and lover of the breed allowed it to survive by organizing several reproductions in the decade of 1920. France officially recognized the breed in 1933.
World War II and its terrible consequences, in both human and animal terms, were a second blow to the race, you had to wait three decades before seeing a new boom.
In 1960, the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) officially recognized the Bichon à poil frisé, giving him Belgian and French origins, but it wasn't until the decade of 1970 when his popularity really started to grow.
In United States, the Bichon Frize Club of America was created in 1964, and the breed was recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1973.
In France, el Club of Bichons and Small Dogs Lions trabaja desde 1947 to defend and improve the Bichon Frise, but also the Bichon Maltese, the habanero, the Bichon Bolonais and the Little Lion Dog.
Japanese canine Club: Recognized the dogs miniature group in 1972.
Organization International Dogshow: Recognized in the Group of Companion Dogs in 1972.
American Kennel Club: AKC (United States). Entered into regular classes in 1973.
Canadian Kennel Club: CKC (Canada). Classified in the Group of dogs not hunters in 1975.
United Kennel Club: UKC (United States). Recognized in 1981.
The Kennel Club: KC (Great Britain).
These associations allow having useful references to estimate the popularity of the breed, Learn about the effort to keep defined, get advice for purchasing a purebred puppy and see this race to compete.
Physical characteristics
The Bichon Frise it's a small dog, light and very elegant. His skull is flat, his stop is not very marked and his nose is quite black. His round eyes are dark (between dark brown and black) and his ears are thin, falls and with a lot of hair. The tail is carried erect and gracefully curved, but not curled.
Their coat is fine, soft, silky, slightly curly. Relatively long, of 7 to 10 cm.. It has an inner mantle of wool.
Hair color can be white or brown very clearly. The height at the cross in the males is of 24 to 26.5 cm and the females of 23 to 30 cm.. The standard weight of the Bichon Frise lies between 3 and 6 Kg.
Life expectancy
They tend to live in 12 to 15 years.
Character and skills
Happy, lively and fearless, the Bichon Frise He is a small dog who easily expresses and communicates his joie de vivre. Very cuddly, loving and playful, he likes to be taken care of, and his mischief makes his charm. Very attached to his master, he is a dog that loves family life.
So that, the Bichon Frise It is an ideal companion dog for all age groups., as playful with children as kind to the elderly. He also likes to be around active people, with which you can share some canine sports activity, like caniVTT or agility.
Living in an apartment suits you just as well as living in a house with a garden, as long as your need for exercise is met with at least one walk a day.
Well mannered, tolerate loneliness wisely and without barking for hours, although he undeniably seeks the company.
Very sociable, gets along as well with humans as with other animals, including cats. Like this, the Bichon Frise he's a bad watchdog, although it can alert to the presence of a stranger through some barking.
Education
The Bichon Frise (Bichon à poil frisé) easy to educate as long as clear and precise hierarchical references are given from a young age. His master must be firm, but without excesses or brutality, patient and consistent.
Sometimes it can be a cheater, but he knows how to do it to get what he wants. Like this, its owner should not be overwhelmed, because a badly mannered dog that only does what it wants is a dog that is not comfortable with itself, In addition to being difficult for its owner to live with.
Naturally docile, vivacious and intelligent, the Bichon Frise is the ideal candidate for learning tricks or for obedience, because he quickly assimilates what is expected of him.
Health
The Bichon Frise he is a robust dog, cold and heat resistant. It is even one of the longest-lived dogs, with a life expectancy of up to 16 years.
But, this does not prevent you from being predisposed to certain diseases such as cutaneous lymphoma, mycosis fungoides, joint disorders (dislocation of patella, Legg-Perthes-Calvé disease, etc.) or eye disorders (cataract, stromal corneal dystrophy, etc.).
Grooming
The Bichon Frise, whose molt is almost non-existent, it is one of the most hypoallergenic dog breeds.
But, their coat requires a lot of maintenance. In effect, you have to brush it every day, at the risk of having so many knots that it is necessary to take it to a hairdresser to be sheared.
It is also a good idea to bathe your dog once a month with a nourishing dog shampoo., followed by an equally nourishing conditioner, to facilitate daily detangling and keep her beautiful white coat looking perfect.
To avoid the stripes that brown the pure white fur of the Bichon Frise, it is also necessary to clean the eyes every day.
It also, croquettes are preferable to other types of food, as they prevent whiskers from turning brown.
You should also take special care with your dog's ears and, in particular, prevent hair from growing on them, as it could allow moisture to settle in them and cause ear infections. Hair in the ear canal can be easily removed with tweezers.
Last, it is advisable to take the Bichon à poil frisé to the groomer three or four times a year to get her long curly locks shortened.
FCI breed standard "Bichon Frise (Bichon à poil frisé)"
Origin:
Spain, Belgium, France
Date of publication of the valid original standard:
10.01.1972
Use:
Companion dog
General appearance:
A cheerful little dog, with a lively and very loose movement and curly white hair like a corkscrew. Wear your head with pride; the eyes are dark, cheerful and expressive. The tail is carried gracefully curved over the back.
important proportions:
The Bichon Frize is longer than it is tall, body length (from the tip of the shoulder to the tip of the ischium) is greater than the height at the withers. The body is rectangular. The ratio of the length of the skull to the length of the muzzle is 3-2. The depth of the chest is equal to the height measured from the ground to the elbows.
Behavior / temperament:
It is a true companion dog that can be taken anywhere without problems.. He is not nervous or barks often, is very sociable towards people and dogs, even if you don't know them. He has a great capacity for adaptation and is very attached to his masters.
Head:
Maintain harmony with the body.
Cranial region:
Skull : On palpation, the skull is rather flat, even though the hair adornment makes it look round. The skull is longer than the muzzle.
Depression links (Stop) : Little pointed.
facial region:
Nose: rounded, black, lustrous and granular in structure.
Snout: Very wide at the base, without tapering too much towards the nose, forming 2/5 of head length. Straight nasal bridge, neither pointing down nor tilted up.
Lips: Fine, rather skinny, falling just enough to cover the lower lip, but never heavy or pendulous; usually pigmented black down to the corner. The lower lip should not be heavy, visible or loose. The corner of the lips is tight and does not allow the inside of the lips to be visible.
Jaws / Teeth: Upper and lower jaw wide, each with six evenly set incisors. Scissor bite preferred; pincer bite is tolerated. Full dentition preferred.
Cheeks: Flat.
Eyes: Very dark, medium-sized, rather round in shape, never almond shaped or protruding. They must not be positioned obliquely. The pigmentation of the eyelids must be completely black. When the dog looks ahead, the whites of the eyes should not be visible.
Ears: The ears are droopy and well covered with abundant hair.. Inserted above the eye line, forming an equilateral triangle and hanging vertically along the cheeks. When they stretch forward, the leather must reach at least the corner of the lips, and in most it reaches the middle of the snout. The ears are mobile, especially when something catches the dog's attention.
Neck:
Rather long, carried high and proud. It is round and thin close to the skull, gradually widening to gently insert into the shoulders. Its length is about a third of the body length. No double chin.
Body:
top line: Straight, approximately horizontal to base of tail.
Cross: It is quite marked.
Back: Horizontal, good musculature. Pork loin: Broad and muscular, slightly arched.
Rump: wide, slightly rounded, very slightly inclined.
Breast
: Well developed, well lowered to the elbows, deep chest, floating ribs are well sprung and do not end abruptly, the chest is rather long.
Bottom line and belly: The lower part of the chest rises slightly towards the belly line with a moderate rise. The flanks are well set back; the skin is thin and not loose.
Tail:
Set moderately high, slightly below the line of the back, It is carried elevated and gracefully curved in line with the spine, without being coiled or amputated. The tip of the tail, regardless of hair, does not touch the back of the dog. Hair ornament may fall on the back. The tail should not hang down when the dog is in motion.
Tips
Former members:
General appearance: Seen from the front, the forelimbs are straight. Moderate bone.
Shoulder: well laid.
Arm: Forming a good angle with the shoulders.
Elbows: Well attached to the body.
Forearm: straight and perpendicular seen from all sides.
Metacarpus: Short and straight seen from the front, very slightly sloping seen from the side.
Previous feet: tight, round and knuckles well up, neither in nor out, pads should be black and nails should preferably be black.
Later members:
General appearance: The pelvis is wide. The hind limbs are well muscled and seen from behind, They are parallel to each other. They are vertical.
Thigh: wide and muscular. Knee: Well angled, neither turned in nor out.
Leg: About the same length as the thigh.
Hock: Low placement and well marked.
Metatarsus: Slim without spurs.
Hind feet: Tight, round and knuckles well up, neither in nor out, pads should be black and nails should preferably be black.
Movement:
Fast moving, free, covering a lot of ground. During the jog, the head is carried high, the tail well curved on the back. Hind limbs with good thrust. Parallels.
Mantle
▷ Skin: Stretched all over the body; dark pigmentation preferred; However, does not influence hair color. The scrotum should preferably be black.
▷ Fur: Profuse hair. Outer layer hair forms loose spiral-like curls (This is the structure of the curly). A soft and dense undercoat must be present. Hair is neither straight nor corded, ni lanudo, ni en marañado.
▷ Color: Pure white. But, prior to the 12 months of age, hair may tend to be slightly beige (champagne), but this should not cover more than 10% dog.
Size and weight:
▷ Height to the cross: 25 to 29 cm.. A tolerance of 1 cm in plus is accepted for males; A tolerance of 2 cm in less is accepted for females, as long as the proportions are balanced and the sexual dimorphism is well marked.
▷ Weight: About 5 kg, in proportion to size.
Fouls:
Any deviation from the aforementioned criteria is considered as a fault and the severity of this is considered to the degree of the deviation to the standard and its consequences on the health and well-being of the dog..
Serious misconduct:
• Temperament: A dog that lacks self-confidence.
• Head: pointed snout.
• Nose: Loss of pigmentation.
• Lips: Pink or partially pigmented, hanging corners of the lips.
• Eyes: color clear, incomplete pigmentation of the edge of the eyelids, visible white. The hair under the eyes should not have traces of tear secretions.
• Chest: underdeveloped.
• Cola: threaded, forming a ring, lifted perpendicularly or dropped during movement.
• Extremities: insufficient angulations. • For the: not profuse enough and / or wrong curling causing hair to split open or be straight.
• Color: Hair coloring (except for dogs under 12 months).
disqualifying fouls:
• Aggressiveness or extreme shyness. Any dog showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities.
• Prognathism (upper or lower prognathism).
• Total depigmentation of the nose, the edges of the lips and eyelids.
• Eyes: Small, almond shape, protruding, too light or sharp eyes.
• For the: Total absence of a curly texture.
• Color: Any hair color other than white in specimens over 12 months.
• Size: Out of tolerance.
• General aspect: Any evidence of dwarfism.
• General appearance: Any dog ​​whose general structure is inscribed in a square.
N.B.:
Males should have two normal-appearing testicles fully descended into the scrotum..
Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with the typical conformation of the breed, should be used for parenting
Complement to the Standard
Cuts accepted.
Head: The ears, beard and mustache are shortened and shaped to give the head either a round or bell shape.
Body: In order to give the impression of elegance and slenderness, hair is shortened (but not less than 3 cm.) on the back and flanks. The lower part of the belly is covered with hair.
Limbs and feet: cylindrical appearance.
Tail: It should not be cropped.
Source: F.C.I - International Cynological Federation
Alternative names:
1. Bichon Frise (English).
2. Bichon à poil frisé (French).
3. Bichon Frisé, hannover’scher schweisshund (German).
4. Bichon frisé (Portuguese).
5. Bichon de pelo rizado, Bichón Tenerife (español).
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Hair texture Bolognese It is the wool one and should never be cut or trimmed
Content
Characteristics "Bolognese"
Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "Bolognese" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.
Adaptation ⓘ
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friendly dog ⓘ
5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)
hair loss ⓘ
1,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)
Affection level ⓘ
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Need for exercise ⓘ
2,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)
Social need ⓘ
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Home ⓘ
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Toilet ⓘ
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Friendly with strangers ⓘ
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barking ⓘ
3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)
Health ⓘ
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Territorial ⓘ
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Cat friendly ⓘ
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Intelligence ⓘ
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Versatility ⓘ
3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)
Child friendly ⓘ
3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)
Surveillance ⓘ
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joy ⓘ
4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)
History «Bichon Bolognese»
Small dog breed, original of Italy. Its name refers to his hometown, Bologna, located north of Italy.
According to dog literature, It is believed that the Bolognese descends from different types of dogs bichon South Italy, and its existence dates back to the 11th or 12th century. Similar to the Bichon Frise, became popular as a companion dog among the royal courts and the nobility of Spain, as well as in other parts of Europe since the 19th century 16 until the early nineteenth century.
The Francia appear among the most appreciated gifts that were made for a time by the powerful of this world. Cosimo (1389 – 1464) It took no less than eight to Brussels as gifts to different Belgian nobles. Philip II, King Spain from 1556 to 1598, After receiving two, as a gift Duke of This, thanked him in writing, saying "that these two little dogs are the most royal gifts that can be given to an emperor". Bolognese breed is represented in paintings Titian, of Pierre Breughel and Goya.
The Bolognese It was recognized in 1989 by the Federation Cynologique Internationale as race number 196 in the Group 9: Companion and Toy Dogs, Section 1.1 Bichons.
Physical Characteristics Bichon Bolognese
White small dog, compact, classified as a companion dog and with a unique distinctive in the Bichons: their coat entirely white and without layers. The eyes are large and dark, as the nose. Height Bolognese varies between 25 and 30 cm.. The weight can vary between 4 and 5 kg.
Did you know??
You may have heard that dogs' non-shedding coats make them a "non-allergenic" breed., but this is not true. It is the dog dander – skin flakes – what triggers allergic reactions, no fur. The coat that is not descaled means less dander in the environment and sometimes less allergic reactions. But they still produce dandruff, and can cause an allergic reaction.
The unique distinctive coat (that is to say, without layer) It falls in loose and open throughout the body curls, with shorter hair on the face. The texture of the hair is of wool and should never be cut off or cut. The Bolognese sheds very little hair, but requires regular hairdo.
Each hair grows from a hair follicle, It has a cycle of growth, and then die and are replaced by another follicle. When the follicle dies, the hair falls out. The length of time of the culture cycle and shedding varies with age and other factors.. Frequent brushing and bathing, to keep the Bolognese at its best, is essential.
Character and skills Bolognese
These dogs are very smart and love the company of people, but they are often very reserved with strangers. Although it may not seem like it, they have a very sharp ear., in general, they only bark when they hear strange noises. Usually, they are less active than the Bichón Frise, However, is a cheerful and friendly breed.
Develops a close bond with its owner.
To be intelligent, it is easy to train, and eager to please, making it an ideal companion dog for the family, Although initially it may be something reserved with strangers. They are good with children. Their life expectancy is 12 to 14 years.
Education
The education of Bolognese not particularly difficult, because he is a calm dog, obedient and intelligent by nature. But, do not let yourself be softened by his cuddly side and by his ability to enchant with his tender and amazed gaze, because he would quickly put his little world in his pocket and turn situations in his favor.
Like this, a firm but gentle education, as well as a well-cared socialization, contribute significantly to the flourishing of the Bolognese.
Health
The Bolognese he is a robust dog, with a good life expectancy, since it is situated in an average between 12 and 14 years. But, may suffer from certain disorders of the musculoskeletal system, such as patella luxation, or inherited eye disorders, like distichiasis.
Grooming
Despite what its abundant fur might suggest, the Bolognese little mute. It also, their annual molts, in spring and autumn, they are weak. On the other hand, to keep the pure white of their fur, requires regular and careful maintenance.
The coat of the Bolognese should never be cut, but to brush impeccably two or three times a week. Your hair should be detangled with a comb or a stiff brush, insisting above all behind the ears and legs, as well as in the womb, to counteract the formation of knots, especially in the molting period.
It also, to avoid brown spots in the hair around the eyes of the Bolognese, it is advisable to clean them regularly with a saline solution.
It also, to prevent ear infections, it is important to remove the hair from the inside of the ears with tweezers.
Last, it is recommended to bathe the dog every two or three months with a special shampoo for white dogs.
Date of publication of the valid original standard:
13.11.2015
Use:
Companion dog
General appearance:
Small size, with the trunk collected and compact, covered in pure white hair, long and steamy.
important proportions
His body tends to be a square, in such a way that the length of the trunk is equal to the size (height to the cross).
Behavior / temperament:
It is very serious and, in general, quiet. Is brave, docile, very attached to his master and his environment.
Head:
Medium length, reaches 1/3 the height at the withers. Its breadth, measured at the level of the zygomatic arches, equals its length.
Cranial region:
Skull: It is slightly ovoid in shape following the sagittal plane, and it's rather flat at the top; surfaces are somewhat convex; the bumps on the frontal bones are well developed. The longitudinal axes of the skull and muzzle are parallel; the frontal sulcus is little accentuated and the occipital protuberance little marked. The length of the skull is slightly greater than that of the muzzle.
Depression front naso (Stop): Quite steep.
facial region:
Truffle: On the same line as the snout and, profile view, its front face is on the vertical. It is bulky and must be black..
Snout: Its length is equal to 2/5 of head length; the snout is rectilinear and the lateral faces of the snout are parallel to each other; thus the front face of the snout is almost square. The suborbital region is well delineated.
Lips: Since the upper lip is slightly raised, this one does not cover the lower lip, and the lower profile of the snout is determined by the jaw.
Jaws/Teeth: Normally developing jaws, with perfectly fitting maxillary and mandibular arches. White teeth, lined up in a regular way. The teeth are strong and complete. The incisors are articulated in the shape of a scissor, although pincer joint is accepted.
Eyes: Located in an almost frontal plane, wide open, larger than usual. The lid opening is rounded, the eyeball should not be prominent, sclera is not visible. The edge of the eyelids is necessarily black and the iris is dark ocher..
Ears: High insertion, they are long, pendants, but rather rigid at the base, so that the upper part of the pinna is separated from the skull, thus giving the impression that the head is broader than it really is.
Neck:
No double chin; its length is equal to the length of the head.
Body:
Since the body tends to be square, the length of the trunk, measured from the tip of the back to the tip of the buttock, is equal to the height at the withers.
Cross: Little protrudes from the line of the back.
top line: The rectilinear profile of the back and loin, which is slightly convex, they blend harmoniously into the line of the rump.
Rump: It is slightly oblique and very wide.
Sill: The manubrium of the sternum is not very prominent.
Breast
: Large, descends to the level of the elbows; the ribs are well arched. The height of the thorax reaches almost half the height at the withers.
bottom line: Behind the sternum profile, rises slightly towards the belly.
Tail:
It is located in the line of the rump and arches over the back.
Tips
Former members
Taken together, They have perfect aplomb and are parallel to each other in relation to the median plane of the trunk..
Shoulder: Its length is equal to 1/4 the height at the withers; in relation to the horizontal they are oblique and approach the vertical in relation to the median plane of the trunk. His movements are free.
Arm: It is well applied to the trunk, is almost equal in length to the shoulder, but it is less oblique than this.
Elbows: They lie in a plane parallel to the median plane of the trunk.
Forearm: Its length is equal to that of the arm, follows a perfectly vertical direction.
Carpus and metacarpus: Seen from the front they extend the vertical line of the forearm. Seen in profile, metacarpus is slightly oblique.
Front feet: They are oval in shape, with dark elastic pads and very hard black nails.
Later members
Considered as a whole and seen from behind, they should follow a perfectly vertical line that goes from the tip of the buttock to the floor.. They are parallel to each other.
Thighs: Its length is equal to 1/3 the height at the withers. They are oblique from top to bottom and from back to front; are perfectly parallel to the median plane of the trunk.
Leg: It is longer than the thigh.
Hock: The tibiotarsian angle is not very closed.
Metatarsus: The distance from the point of the hock to the tips of the toes is slightly less than a third of the height at the withers..
Rear feet: With the same characteristics as the front ones, although less oval.
Movement:
Development, energetic; the bearing of the head is noble and distinguished.
Mantle
Skin:
Well stretched and adhered to the whole body, with visible mucous membranes and rigorously pigmented black third eyelid.
Fur:
Long over the whole body, from head to tail and from dorsal region to feet. It is shorter on the muzzle. It is rather vaporous, therefore it is not stretched, but in strands; never forms bangs.
Color:
Pure white, without stains, nor shades of white.
Size and weight:
Height to the cross:
Males: 27 - 30 cm..
females: 25 - 28 cm..
Weight: 2.5 – 4 kg.
Fouls:
Any deviation from the above criteria is considered missing and the seriousness is considered to the extent of the deviation to the standard.
Squint.
Serious misconduct
Accentuated convergence or divergence of the craniofacial axes.
Bulging snout.
Prognathism if it alters the external appearance of the muzzle.
Size less than 25 cm and above 33 cm in males, and less than 22 cm and above 32 cm in females.
ELIMINATING fAULTS
Aggressive or fearful dog.
Depigmentation of the nose.
Nose in a color other than black.
Upper prognathism.
Bilateral depigmentation of the eyelids.
Eyes gazeos.
Anurismo.
Braqui Tourism, both natural and artificial.
Any coat color other than white.
Stains and specks.
Any dog showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities must be disqualified..
N.B.:
Males should have two normal-appearing testicles., fully descended into the scrotum.
Source: F.C.I - International Cynological Federation
Not recognized by the FCI
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