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Colombian Gegar
Estados Unidos Not recognized by the FCI

Origin: Colombia
Character: Intelligent and loyal
Weight: 8 to 14 kg
Height: 35,5 to 43 cm.
Life expectancy: 10-15 years

Gegar Colombiano

Content

History

The Colombian Gegar (Gegar Colombiano) It is a dog breed created by the late Germán García y García, recognized breeder of dogs in Colombia where the race is named.

Research for the creation of this race begins in 1975, This is practically a new race, created with the intention that Colombia had a national dog with standard, as the Peruvian Inca, the Dogo Argentino, the Fila Brasileiro or the Chihuahua Mexican.

It's still a breed in the making, at around 200 copies located in Bogotá, Ibagué and los Llanos.

He is a descendant of the Basenji, the Canaan Dog and a primitive breed from the interior of the Colombian country, that currently is considered extinct. However, it is common to see similarities between the "Gegar" and the street dogs or "criollos" also called "Gozques«, you roam the streets of the Colombian cities.

"Colombian Gegar"
Gegar Colombiano
Colombian Gegar – Mbloodt, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

The research for the development of the breed, headed by Germán García y García begins with an extensive tour of the Colombian Atlantic Coast, García y García realized that similar "races" existed in the towns of this region., similar to a European race, exactly from Spain and that were brought to Colombia at the time of the Conquest, According to García y García, in this part of the investigation, he did not have to make a major investment in the acquisition of these specimens., that on average one hundred pesos of the time paid by animal.

The second part of the research was developed in Bogotá where Germán García y García meeting 20 Creole dogs or "Gozques" as they are known in the country, in order to establish that the wild dogs (Gozques) they are the product of a mixture which began with the Ibizan Hound, native of Ibiza, breed brought by the Spanish to America.

This race, very popular in Mallorca, joined to the Basenji, that arrived aboard slave ships from Africa and whose characteristic is a rarity among canines: no bark, as dogs, but meows, as cats.

The crossing of that Spanish dog with this African one resulted in this particular “Creole” breed., o «Gozque«, with that shortly after the conquest were populated coastal areas of the Magdalena, like the Dominican Republic, Honduras, Guatemala, Panama and the other countries where Spaniards and Africans landed with their pets.

Inside the investigations Garcia and Garcia He also warned of the similarity that Colombian specimens have with the breed Cirneco dell'Etna, very popular in the region of Sicily, Italy. That is when the first obstacle of the investigation would appear., since no specimen of this breed could be brought to the country. So decide to bring a Basenji, but the crosses with the Colombian trees are a failure. Although it achieved three generations, the expected result was not achieved. Ears not stopped and even barked.

Garcia and Garcia continues with the investigation in Mexico where as a jury in a world dog show is located, not only with the races he knew, If not with a totally new for him, the Canaan Dog, It is identical in many ways the Colombian native dog. Garcia and Garcia make crosses with these millennial dogs and finally, achieved what I wanted, an animal taller than the "criollo", with almost the same measurements at Basenji, zealous guardian, with a feathered tail and other characteristics exclusive to this breed.

Among the special features are, his extreme loyalty to the master, distrust to strangers, excellent Hunter, vigilant and boisterous and of great economy, because it does not require a special diet.

Physical characteristics

It is a small breed due to crossings which comes from, but it is a heavy-duty sniffer, excellent sense of smell and good habits of cleanliness, Constitution solid, its head is triangular skull measured the same as the snout, ears large in proportion to the head, upright, almond-shaped eyes, with scissor bite, not very short neck, long balanced body level dorsal line. Their front legs are straight, the later ones with low angle, queue in the form of sickle on the back.

The male measures of 38 to 43 cm and female 35,5 to 40,5 cm to the cross, and the weight of the males is of 10 to 14 kilos and the female 8 to 12 Kg.

Is chestnut pure and striped, in light shades to dark and can have these freckles of the same base color and white spots.

Character and skills

His temperament is of nobility to their masters, but rather distrustful with strangers, Intelligent, easy to educate, lively, good relationship with children and other pets including other breeds of dog depending on their education.

Great instinct for hunting, especially of animals such as hares and rabbits, and even rats, of great physical activity, He likes to work and activities with his master. Its longevity varies between 10 and 15 years of life.

Videos "Colombian Gegar"

Meet the Colombian dog breed
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Campeiro Bulldog
Brasil Not recognized by the FCI

Origin: Brazil
Character: Faithful and minder
Weight: 35 to 45 Kg
Height: 48 to 58 cm.
Life expectancy: 10 - 12 years

Bulldog Campeiro

The Campeiro Bulldog, He is noted for fidelity with its owner

Content

History


The Campeiro Bulldog (Buldogue Campeiro or Bordoga), It is a dog breed originating in Brazil Bulldog. This is an ancient breed of working dog. The current, It descends from the ancient Old English Bulldog (Old English Bulldog), brought to Brazil during the 16th century by European immigrants.

This breed was once very common in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul and southern Brazil in the late 1980s. 60, where the role of the dog was largely focused on farms and slaughterhouses, in the capture and domain of the cattle or pigs. Over the years 70 He was in danger of extinction due to the introduction of new laws and health measures, but he returned to be present in Brazil, Thanks to the hard work for the conservation of the Bulldog breed, carried out by Ralf Bender Schein.

The Old English Bulldog was quite common, He was in much of Western Europe during the second half of the 19th century, and such was his importance to, In states such as the Vatican there is specific legislation to regulate the transit of animals on public roads.

At the same time, he woke up - in the well-to-do sectors of European society- the interest of creating a serious development and the formation of distinct castes, all of them are derived from the Old English Bulldog, as the English Bulldog and the modern French Bulldog.

In Brazil, European immigration (germans, Italian, Poles, etc.), increased during the early years of the 19th century and mid-20th century, they brought with them many animals, among them, several types of Bulldog, as for example, the old English Bulldog.

Physical characteristics

The Campeiro Bulldog, is a medium-dog, very a little heavy and robust for your height. With the short snout (approximately, one-third of the length of the skull), the ears are small and pendants. Short and crooked tail. The colors of the mantle are all are accepted, its soft fur and short.

Its ideal height is between 48 and 58 cm up to the shoulder and its ideal weight is of 35 to 45 kg for males and females.

Character and skills


This type of dog Bulldog, in Brazilian soil, It has been preserved, above all, Thanks to his talent for surveillance and to work with livestock, the best features of working with cattle and pig dog, in fact they are the most popular for this function.

They were the most popular, because in addition to the farm work, as for example dragging pigs by the ears to the right place, when escaping, was also a excellent guard dog What, While the cowboy rested, he dedicated himself to taking care of the horse and cart from the stalking of some intruder. He maintained the functional features of its predecessor, the old English Bulldog, being able to give life to dominate a bull, of up 400 kg.

This capability was very used in the old slaughterhouses in the southern region and the region where today is located the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, the Campeiro Bulldog, He was commissioned in drag to the cattle biting his snout and handed them over to the slaughterer. But with the development of technologies applied to these media, monitoring health and animal protection measures, It prevents the use of dogs in these establishments (fortunately), and also with the development of livestock, These dogs were losing their initial use, with so much speed that they came to extinction.

At the end of the year 70, This dog was on the brink of extinction, and it was there that Schein Ralf Bender began a rescue effort for these dogs, that materialised in 2001 When the CBKC recognized the breed Campeiro Bulldog (Pampa Doge).

It´s suspicious of strangers, is very quiet, and not when it is not necessary it ladra. You need a little exercise every day, and long walks through the countryside from time to time will keep completely happy.

The Campeiro Bulldog, stands out by the with your owner loyalty (It may be a little jealous), ease of adaptation and above all by the warmth with children. It is also remarkable strength and courage that give exceptional guardian dye.

Campeiro Bulldog Images

Campeiro Bulldog Videos

Type and recognitions:

  • Federations: CBKC ⓘ
  • Molossians / Working dog / guard dogs
  • CBKC breed standard "Campeiro Bulldog"

    • CBKCCBKC – "Campeiro Bulldog"
    		cbkc

Alternative names:

1. Buldogue campeiro, Brazilian Bulldog, Countryside Bulldog,Pampas Bulldog, Buldogue campeiro (English).
2. Bouledogue de Campeiro (French).
3. Campeiro-Bulldogge (German).
4. buldogue-pampeano, campeiro, bordoga (Portuguese).
5. Bordoga, Dogo Pampa (español).

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Chihuahua
México FCI 263 . Chihuahueno

Origin: Mexico
Character: Affectionate and active
Weight: 1.5 - 4,5 kg
Height: 15 - 20 cms
Life expectancy: 12 - 20 years

Chihuahua

This little dog has a personality sassy large.

Content

History

The Chihuahua It is considered the smallest breed in the world; receives the name of the largest state of the Mexican Republic (Chihuahua), where it is assumed that he lived in the wild and was captured and domesticated by the indigenous people during the time of the "Toltec" civilization.; figures of a pygmy dog ​​called "Techichi", who lived in Tula, They were included in the decoration of its architecture which were very similar to the current Chihuahua.

There is a belief in some countries that the dog gave the name to the state of Chihuahua since the word “Chihuahua” means “arid and sandy place” in Rarámuri, language of the Tarahumara people. Although it is known as Chihuahua, the official name of the race is Chihuahueño, Chihuahua is the name adopted in United States for the race.

Some experts say dogs were among the first native dogs of the Americas, others that were brought to the New World after the Spanish conquest of Mexico. Others believe that small dogs may have originated as miniaturized versions of pariah dogs, the vague brown dogs with pointed ears that result when dogs are left to breed on their own without color selection or other specific characteristics. In any case, race takes its name from the state of Chihuahua, where American tourists at the end of the nineteenth century first found tiny canines.

Chihuahuas were brought to United States by American visitors who visited the North of Mexico and, later, presented at trade fairs Canófilas where they became known to worldwide.

The Chihuahua we know today was developed by American breeders. The first Chihuahua recorded by the American Kennel Club, in 1904, It was called Midget. Chihuahua Club of America was formed in 1923. Today, The Chihuahua ranks 13th among the breeds registered by the AKC.

Physical characteristics

The AKC (American Kennel Club) It recognizes two varieties of Chihuahua: long hair and short hair. Many short-haired Chihuahua have very fine hair, but others have a very dense and thick hair. Standards of breeding this dog not generally specify a height, only a weight and a description of its overall proportions. As a result, height varies more than within any other race.

Usually, the height range is between 15 and 25 cm to the cross. However, some dogs grow up the 30 to 38 cm.. AKC show dogs should weigh no more than 2,7 kg; the FCI standards mark dogs must weigh between 1,5 and 3 kg, Although most small dogs are acceptable in the show.

But, the quality pet Chihuahua (that is, those bred or purchased as companions rather than show dogs) can, and they achieve greater weight, until 4,5 kg or more if they have a skeletal structure that allows them to being overweight. This does not mean they are not purebred Chihuahuas, It only means that the requirements do not have to enter a display. Larger sized chihuahuas are seen equally in the best and worst bloodlines..

Usually their teeth are double, This demonstrates the purity of the breed.

Chihuahuas can have many colors, from solid black to white solid, spotted, or in a range of colors including Fawn (coffee), chocolate, blue (grey), Silver, tricolor (chocolate, blue, black or white with Brown and white markings), with lines, and speckled. Each of these colors varies in shades and intensities, coffee may be a term to describe a dog from a cream very pale to dark brown (almost Red), or any key within this range of colours.

Character and skills

The Chihuahua They are prized for their devotion and personality. Its state of alert, intelligence and size make them adaptable to a variety of environments, including the city and small departments, and usually live fifteen years or more. While often it considered the chihuahua as weak and fragile, correct training and socialization can result in an excellent companion animal.

The Chihuahua also have a reputation for being spoiled and impregnable, but that is often because people no effort to train. Chihuahuas are like any other dog I: They need consistent rules and structure if they will learn effectively.

Many chihuahua focus their devotion on one person, putting too jealous of human relationships of this person, This can be mitigated through proper socialization. The Chihuahua tend to have a nature of clans, preferring the company of other Chihuahuas over other dogs.

As well, important to take into account, These toddlers, They seem to have no concept of its size, and they may face other larger animals, which can cause damage and injury to our pet...

Health

Many Chihuahuas are sensitive to cold due to their small body size.. Chihuahua owners often dress their dogs in coats in cold weather, but for this, There is to get them, because if you do not, do not leave place fabrics above.

This breed requires a veterinary expert in areas such as development and care dental care. Chihuahuas tend to have genetic abnormalities, usually neurological, as epilepsy, strokes. Like other Toy breeds, They also tend to have dislocation of knee.

Another genetic abnormality in Chihuahuas and other Toy breeds is hydrocephalus, or water on the brain. This condition appears in young puppies and usually results in the death of the puppy, as much, six months of age. It is thought that this disease is diagnosed because the puppy has an abnormally large head during the first months of life, but other symptoms are more noticeable (because "a big head" is a very vague description). Chihuahua puppies showing hydrocephalus They have patched skulls plates rather than solid bone, and are typically lethargic and do not grow at the same rate as their siblings. A true case of Hydrocephalus can be diagnosed by a veterinarian, Although the prognosis is grim.

However some chihuahua may have what is called 'molera or fontanelle', and it is completely natural and accepted for race, which is a small hole in the head where they do not have bone, only skin and hair. The Chihuahua is the only breed of dog that is born with an incomplete skull.. The fontanelle It closes with age, but it requires great care during the first six months until the skull is fully formed.

Chihuahua tend to ocular infections, due to its large, round, protruding eyes and their relative proximity to the ground.

Chihuahuas can also be born with a liver defect known as portosystemic shunt, in which blood is diverted from the liver. This can cause a buildup of toxins in the body of the dog, stunted growth and can be fatal if not corrected with surgery.

The speckled chihuahua coloring, or parents with such coloration descendants tend to a number of additional complications of health. The mottled coloration is a carrier of other possible and severe ocular conditions and blindness, deafness, Hemophilia, sterility, and other medical conditions. Buyers who own or want to buy a speckled chihuahua should do some research on possible health conditions of this coloration.

The pregnancy of a Chihuahua, hard 2 months and the offspring measure between 3 cm to 5 cm..

Chihuahuas are omnivores, and you must be careful in providing an adequate and balanced nutrition. At the same time, be careful in not supercharge this small breed. Chihuahua overweight tend to have problems with ligaments, tracheal collapse, chronic bronchitis, and shortening of life expectancy.

Some potential buyers looking for extremely small animals; very small dogs, in any way, are false. You can be sick, or malnourished, or, If you are healthy, may suffer from short lifespans and health problems due to extreme dwarfism. They are not normally used for breeding, and may require special care. Some breeders chihuahua, they try to intentionally raise very small animals, and they increase the prices of smaller dogs, or specifically advertise very small animals. Most reputable breeders disapprove such practices, noting that it is difficult to predict the adult size of a puppy, and citing other problems discussed earlier.

In practice there has been an increase in people wanting to have a Chihuahua Pocket rejecting common size, This has changed the traditional pattern of raising this breed start doing that through the selection of specimens to breed chihuahua focusing on the size and eliminate the problems of a puppy that was born visibly smaller than others, many breeders reject this practice but it is a fact that the popularity of the “Pocket Chihuahua” has come to stay...

The tiny mouths often mean that there is no room for proper development of teeth. It is essential that a veterinary chihuahua receive regular dental care, and you may need to draw him some teeth to make room for proper development of the rest of the teeth in the mouth.

The Chihuahua “deer head” is the original Mexican Chihuahua, He was abroad where changed his appearance through crossing with other breeds, That is when its general appearance begins to change, now with a more prominent head and a more robust body, and it is precisely abroad where, when establishing the racial norm of the breed, this type of modified Chihuahua is established as the "standard" when the original It is the "deer" type and the damage to the original breed went even further by disqualifying the "deer" type and describing it as an "abnormality.".

This "abnormality" is more popular than any Canophile Federation would like to accept..

"Deer" or "deer head" These are terms that are sometimes used to describe Chihuahuas that do not have the standard "apple head" appearance of the breed.. These terms are not official.

The Deer heads They are not admitted for competition, they are disqualified, they are not for sale.

The «Nano Chihuahua» term used in the United States are chihuahua that are described with head up, and a very long nose, is not something natural, they are like this because they suffered a deformation in the bones due to malnutrition, These terms are not official, and the sale of the “Nano Chihuahua” is prohibited. Those that are accepted are “Apple Head” Chihuahua

The life of the chihuahua usually up to 15 years of age. The more small are dogs more life they have. Their life expectancy depends first of all of their food (It is necessary, good quality and which have no obesity). Example: Not offer cookies, fat, chocolates, sweet, bread, pork and, much less, chicken bones to chew it becomes small needles, and they stuck in its body until his death. Not to give anything of great food, simply their respective croquettes or latitas for small breeds.

Reproduction

The sexual cycle of the dog is, in comparison with the rest of the domestic animals, is unique in many ways, now that the time lag between periods of estrus (5-7 months) It is very long in proportion to the time of gestation (62 days), and ovulation occurs only once (but in several days) by zeal.

The sexual cycle is divided in 4 stages:

PROESTRO: have an average duration of 3-15 days. External manifestations are increasing the volume of the vulva, Vulvar blood loss and male attraction. At this stage the dog does not support mounting of the male.

ESTRO: popularly known as period of ZEAL. It has a duration of 3 to 10 days. The vulva is enlarged, There is a reduction of losses vulvar and attraction of male: It is at this time when ovulation occurs, mounting of the male and gestation.

DIESTRO: (of 110 to 140 days): This period includes the gestation, childbirth and lactation if occurred fertilization and the regression to normal tissues if not occurred.

ANESTRO (of 150 to 250 days): now there are no external signs and is the ideal for all kinds of interventions (ovary hysterectomy).

So that, ovulation takes place during the mating season and it's a spontaneous ovulation. Most often it is between the day 10 and 14 the beginning of zeal, Although in less of 1 minute can be confirmed with a vaginal smear performed by a veterinarian.

Pregnancy in the bitch has a duration of 58 to 63 days. The normal delivery period ranges from 5 and 24 hours, and alghourscasos, mainly if they are first-time, the time may be extended until 36 hours.

The delivery mechanism is divided into three phases:

  • The first phase corresponds to the opening and relaxation of the cervix for the exit of the puppies.. The female trembles, Pant and may vomit. The vulvar lips thicken and a yellowish-white viscous liquid escapes from the lower corner.. You can see uterine contractions, but always of weak intensity. go in circles, recuesta in soil, and does not want to eat or drink (Although some females show a voracious appetite).

    • The dog chooses a quiet, dark place, and he prepares his paridera breaking rags and materials; It is desirable to provide elements so that you can make this work, more usual is the role of journal. Nothing should bother to her around.

  • The second phase is the expulsion of the puppies. The female is lying in position on one side, with the face directed towards your abdomen and contractions begin each 2 or 3 minutes, with great effort.

Grooming

Chihuahuas have two types of hair:

  • smooth and long. The Chihuahuas smooth They carry a velvety coat, bright and tight and have a collar – an area hair thicker and longer – around the neck. Coverage have little hair on the head and ears. The tail should be hairy, not naked. Brush them weekly with a rubber glove or soft bristle brush to remove dead hair and keep their skin and coat healthy.
  • The Long haired chihuahua It is the product of a recessive gene, which means that a puppy must have the gene from both parents to express long hair, so it is not seen in litters as often as smooth. The long, soft fur is flat or slightly curly, and the dog has a collar around the neck, fringed ears, feathers on the legs and a tail plumed. Hair from the rest of the body is almost as soft as soft straight hair Chihuahua. The long-haired Chihuahua are beautiful, and they are easy to comb, but the hair falls are seasonal.

Long robe brushing with soft bristle brush once or twice a week. Use a stainless steel comb to remove tangles of hair ears, legs and tail.

If brush to the faithful chihuahua, should not need frequent baths. But, If you spend much time on your couch or in bed, there is nothing wrong with bathing as often as twice a week. Use a mild shampoo made for dogs and dry it well so it doesn't get cold. Never let it sit and dry to the outdoors.

Keep clean your big ears chihuahua with a solution recommended by your veterinarian. Do not use cotton swabs within the ear; They can push dirt deeper. Laa orejaa clean with a cotton ball, I never deeper than the first knuckle of your finger.

Cut off nails regularly, usually every two weeks. They should never be so long that hear smacking on the floor.

Characteristics "Chihuahua"

Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "Chihuahua" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

Adaptation ⓘ
5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

friendly dog ​​ⓘ
3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

hair loss ⓘ
1,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Affection level ⓘ
5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Need for exercise ⓘ
1,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Social need ⓘ
5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Home ⓘ
5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Toilet ⓘ
1,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Friendly with strangers ⓘ
3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

barking ⓘ
5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Health ⓘ
4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Territorial ⓘ
4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Cat friendly ⓘ
5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Intelligence ⓘ
5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Versatility ⓘ
3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Child friendly ⓘ
1,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Surveillance ⓘ
3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

joy ⓘ
4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

«Chihuahua» images

credits:

1. triplet chihuahua by Caterinarufo / Public domain
2. Chihuahua by https://www.pexels.com/es-es/foto/animal-chihuahua-mascota-ojos-50718/
3. Chihuahua by https://pxhere.com/es/photo/60641
4. Blue merle chihuahua by Nuclearblitz12 / CC BY-SA
5. Chihuahua by https://www.pexels.com/photo/photo-of-tan-chihuahua-1048236/
6. A Chihuahua protecting its bone by David Shankbone / CC BY
7. standard chihuahua by Caterinarufo / Public domain
8. Buddy the Chihuahua by Jean G – HTTPS://www.flickr.com/photos/whatjeanlikes/
9. Chihuahua by https://www.pxfuel.com/es/free-photo-xzmeb

«Chihuahua» Videos

Type and recognitions:

  • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
  • Group :
  • Section : . .

Federations:

  • – FCI – Group 9: Section 6: Chihuahueno ⓘ
  • – AKC – Toy ⓘ
  • – ANKC – Group 1 (Toy) ⓘ
  • – CKC – Group 5 – (Toy) ⓘ
  • – ​KC – Toy ⓘ
  • – NZKC – Toy ⓘ
  • – UKC – Group 8 – Companion dog ⓘ

FCI breed standard "Chihuahua"

Origin:
Mexico

Date of publication of the valid original standard:
04.09.2019

Use:

Companion dog.



General appearance:

It is a dog with a compact body, It is of primary importance to note that its head is apple-shaped and its tail is moderately long, carried high, arched or semicircle., with the point directed towards the spine.

important proportions: The length is slightly greater than the height at the withers, wishing for an almost square body, especially in males and allowing a little longer in females for reproductive function.



Behavior / temperament:

Lively, alert, restless and very brave.

Head:



Cranial region:
  • Skull: Well rounded, tamed (special feature of this breed).    
  • Depression nasal fronto (Stop): Well marked, sunken and wide, as a result of the bulging forehead on the insertion of the muzzle.

facial region:

  • Truffle: Moderately short and slightly upturned; any color is allowed.
  • Snout: Short; seen in profile maintains a straight line, being wider at its base and tapering towards the tip.
  • Lips: Clean and tight.
  • Cheeks: Little developed and very clean.
  • Jaws / Teeth: With scissor or level bite (clip-shaped); higher or lower prognathism are seriously penalized, as well as any maxillary or mandibular deformation.
  • Eyes: They are big and round, very expressive, never protruding, perfectly dark. Light eyes are allowed but not desired.
  • Ears: Large, erect and unfolded and widely open; wide at its base, taper gradually until slightly rounded at the tip. When at rest they form an angle of 45° to the sides.

Neck:

  • Top profile: Slightly arched.
  • Length: Medium.
  • Form: Thicker in males than females.
  • Skin: No double chin; the long-haired variety features a highly desirable longer-haired mane.


Body:

Compact and well structured.

  • top line : Straight.
  • Cross: Bit strong.
  • Back: Short and firm.
  • Pork loin: Strongly muscular.
  • Rump: Wide and strong, almost flat or slightly sloping.
  • Breast : With wide and deep thorax and well arched ribs; seen from the front it will have good amplitude, without excess; seen in profile descends to the elbow; never barred.
  • Lower profile: Determined by a ventral retraction, which should be well delineated. Loose belly is allowed, but not wanted.

Tail:

Moderately long, set high, wide at the base gradually tapering towards the tip, it is flat in appearance. The bearing is an outstanding trait of the breed, in motion is elevated, arched or semicircular with the tip directed towards the spine, giving balance to the body, it never appears tucked between the limbs or curled below the upper line of the back. Hair cover in harmony with the rest of the body depending on the variety. In the long-haired variety it is covered with feather-shaped hair; at rest it is hanging with a light hook.

Tips

Former members

  • General appearance:  Seen from the front they appear in a straight line with the elbows; seen in profile they are well poised.
  • Shoulder: Cleansed, moderately muscular.
  • Arms (Humerus) : With good angulation in the scapular joint?humeral.
  • Elbow: Firm and close to the body, allowing freedom of movement.
  • forearms :  Strong with good length.
  • Metacarpus: Slightly inclined, strong and flexible.
  • Front feet : The feet are very small and oval, with fingers spread,  but not extended(they are neither hare nor cat); nails are particularly curved and moderately long, with well developed and highly elastic ear pads.  Dewclaws are undesirable.

Later members

  • General appearance :  Well muscled, long-boned, well plumb and parallel to each other with good angulation in the coxofemoral joints, femoro-tibial-patellar and tibio-tarsal according to the forelimbs.
  • Metatarsals:  Short hocks, with well developed tendons; seen from behind they are separated, straight and vertical.
  • Rear feet : The feet are very small and oval, with fingers spread,  but not extended(they are neither hare nor cat); nails are particularly curved and moderately long, with well developed and highly elastic ear pads.  Dewclaws are undesirable.

Movement:

Features a long and flexible stride, firm and active, with good anterior reach and a lot of posterior thrust. Seen from behind, the posterior ones should remain almost parallel to each other, placing the feet of the hind limbs in the footprints of the forelimbs. The members tend to converge in the direction of a central line of gravity, as speed increases. They show great elasticity and freedom, without any effort, with your head always high and your back steady.

Mantle

Skin: Smooth and elastic over the entire body surface.


Fur

There are two varieties in this breed.

  • Short Hair Variety: It is short and stuck all over the body,  slightly longer when undercoat (entrepelo); tight throat and abdomen allowed. It is slightly longer on the neck and tail, short on face and ears; it is shiny and its texture smooth. Hairless specimens are not accepted.
  • Long Hair Variety: Hair must be fine and silky, straight or slightly wavy; inner layer is desired (entrepelo) not very dense. It has very long hair in the shape of a feather in the ears, neck, posterior aspect of the forelimbs and hindquarters, foot and tail. Dogs with long and fluffy hair are not accepted.

Color

All colors are accepted in all their shades and combinations, except the blackbird.



Size and weight:

The size should not be taken into account in this breed, just the weight.

  • Weight : Ideal weight between 1,5 kg and 3 kg.  Dogs are tolerated between 500 gr y 1,5 kg.

The horses with less than 500 gr and with more than 3 kg.



Fouls:

Any deviation from the aforementioned criteria must be considered a fault and its seriousness is considered to the degree of the deviation to the standard and its consequences on the health and well-being of the dog.

  • Missing teeth
  • Double denture (retention of temporary teeth)
  • Pointy ears
  • Short neck
  • Long body
  • Bowed or bowed back (lordosis o xifosis)
  • fallen group
  • Narrow chest; flat rack
  • Badly implanted tail, twist it cuts it
  • Short members
  • Elbows detached
  • Joined hindquarters.

Serious misconduct:

  • Narrow skull
  • Small eyes, sunken or protruding
  • Long snout
  • Upper or lower prognathism
  • Unstable knee.

disqualifying fouls:

  • Aggressive or fearful dog
  • Any dog ​​showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities must be disqualified.
  • Deer type dogs (dogs with an atypical or highly stylized structure : refined head, long neck, slender body, long limbs)
  • Specimens with open head
  • Droopy or short ears
  • Deformed bite
  • Extremely long-bodied dogs
  • Absence of tail
  • Dogs with very long hair, fine and fluffy in the long-haired variety
  • No hair (alopecia) in the short-haired variety
  • Blackbird colored specimens
  • Weight less than 500 gr or greater than 3 kg


N.B.:

Males should have two normal-appearing testicles fully descended into the scrotum..

Source: F.C.I - International Cynological Federation

Alternative names:

1. Chi, Chi-chi, Hua-Hua, Chihuahueño (English).
2. Chihuahueño, aussi chihuahua (French).
3. Chihuahua (German).
4. Chihuahueño (Portuguese).
5. Chihuahua, chihuahua mejicano (español).

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Continental Toy Spaniel
Francia Bélgica FCI 77 . Continental Toy Spaniel and others

Origin: France, Belgium
Character: Lively and adventurous
Weight: Approx.. 3.5 Kg
Height: 20 to 28 cm.
Life expectancy: 13 - 15 years

Papillón

The Continental Toy Spaniel He was recognized by the AKC in 1935. The variety of drooping ears is called Phalène.

Content

History

The Continental Toy Spaniel (in French: Butterfly), water dog is a breed of dog of the type. One of the oldest of the Toy Spaniel, It is named after its resemblance to the butterfly, in its ears, large with long hair and fringes, It emulates open wings of a butterfly.

The history of Continental Toy Spaniel is traced through various works of art. The first Toy Spaniels which resembles the Continental Toy Spaniel you are in italy. Vicelli Tiziano painted these small dogs in many famous paintings, about 1500, as the Venus of Urbino (1542). Other renowned artists to have painted these small dogs are Watteau, González Coke, Fragonard, Paolo Veronese, and Mignard.

A painting of the Wallace Collection, London, appears a Continental Toy Spaniel portrayed with the family of Louis XIV. As well, Papillon dogs appear in paintings of European royal families and the families of merchants of the time paintings. The race was very popular in England, France and Belgium, which are considered countries of origin by the FCI.

The history of Continental Toy Spaniel and its long association with royalty have led to many stories about the breed. Marie Antoinette is said to have gone to the guillotine, clinging to her small dog under her arm, a Continental Toy Spaniel. But, Tradition says that Marie Antoinette's dog was a small dog belonging to the Water Dogs which had been brought to the French court from Spain on the back of pack mules. according to history, her puppy was saved and was treated in a building in Paris that, currently called the Papillon House.

The Continental Toy Spaniel He was recognized by the AKC in 1935. In the news, the Continental Toy Spaniel can be seen competing in obedience and agility.

Physical characteristics

Colors

  • S – black and white
  • S – Lemon and white
  • S – White and Red
  • S – Sable and white
  • S – Black and white as

Colors

  • A – Brown black and white
  • A – Black red and white
  • A – Brown and white
  • A – Black & Fawn
  • A – Red

Colors

  • A – Red, Sable and white
  • A – Sand
  • A – White
  • A – White and Brown
  • A – Silver and white

Markings

  • A – Black marks
  • A – Mask black
  • A – red marks
  • A – Sand
  • A – the marks fire
Phalène
PHALENE, Vittoria’s Come Along

To the Continental Toy Spaniel with floppy ears it is called Phalène (from French: moth). His small head is slightly rounded. The snout is a little short, fine, narrowing towards the nose. The eyes are dark, size medium, round, with a thin black border that, often extends into the Union of the eyelids to ears. The large ears may be erect or fall with the rounded tips.

They have the long tail of high insertion, covered with long, fine hair. The hair is smooth, long, fine, a single layer, and on the chest, the ears and the back of the queue have longer hair, as if it were a wheel.

The color of the coat is white with patches of any color. A mask of a color other than white covers both ears and the eyes from back to front..

The most distinctive of Continental Toy Spaniel it's his big fringed ears, It seems to the wings of a butterfly. They can also be registered, the American Kennel Club supports the following colors and markings, the types specified as S-standard, or A-alternative for use in shows and competitions:

There are two variations of this race, that of the fully erect ears of the Continental Toy Spaniel more common, and the lop-eared Spaniel type (ears of Phalène). But, the American Kennel Club and the International Cynological Federation consider variation Phalène and the Continental Toy Spaniel common, as the same race. The height is of 20 to 28 cm., and the weight of approximately 3.5 kg.

Observations

in brood, a specimen of the variety should never be crossed Continental Toy Spaniel with variety Phalène, because there is a considerable risk that arise with ears semierguidas either mixed puppies.

This detail, It must be taken into account for those people who wish to participate in show ring since that difference in the ears is penalized as a serious lack.

Character and skills

The temperament of Continental Toy Spaniel is very affectionate, docile and even at times, absorbent.

Is - by definition- a service dog is will be looking for pampering continuously, which makes it an ideal dog for older people, Since his love everyday waste and their small size are an infallible weapon against loneliness.

In general, is a quiet dog, is very patient and just ladra.

It adapts with total tranquility to any situation, the only thing that will interest him is to be next to his owner.

While they will not display aggressiveness to strangers, nor give exaggerated signs of love. They should not be shy or aggressive, that is not common in the breed.

They need a daily walk. The game really like, and it is good that there is time for fun, but long walks are necessary to be a good state of health.

Life expectancy Continental Toy Spaniel round the 16 years.

Y, as last detail, is an excellent Hunter of mice.

Education

The globally obedient and loyal character of the Continental Toy Spaniel makes you a good candidate for a first adoption. In particular, his intelligence makes him quickly understand and memorize the association between orders and actions. This makes it easier to learn the basic commands, but it also makes him an ideal student for a master who wants to go further and teach his dog tricks. Very intelligent, the dog Continental Toy Spaniel trains easily.

But, to use your intelligence and learn, must be willing to do it. In fact, pampered and treated like a prince for centuries, has maintained a certain propensity to do only what he wants. So, special emphasis should be placed on learning obedience early in your education, as it is the key to unlocking everything else and exploiting its full potential. But, it's not a matter of rushing: given its sensitivity and its closeness to its humans, punishing the dog for being recalcitrant would have every chance of backfiring, by weakening the bond that binds him to his master. Better to see it upside down, and reward him (with stimuli, treats or even caresses) every time he does what is expected of him. This is the very basis of the positive dog training method., and the value you place on everything that comes from your human referent only makes the use of rewards more effective. Like this, knowing how to show firmness (and if patience is necessary) to set and enforce limits upon arrival at home, it is better to share beauty with gentleness and rewards to make your education a success.

It also, the fact that he is sociable both with humans and with other animals does not exempt him from being socialized from his earliest age, at the risk of behaving differently. Make you meet lots of people (friends, neighbors, delivery man, veterinary…) and get used to meeting other animals (dogs, cats, rodents, birds…) it is essential to avoid any tendency to aggression once he is an adult and to hope to at least partially curb his hunting instinct. At the same time, exposing him to all kinds of noises and smells in all kinds of places allows him to be calm and balanced afterwards, and therefore perfectly capable of finding and holding its place alongside humans.

Health

Despite her fragile appearance, the Continental Toy Spaniel it is generally quite robust. Most people have few health problems and enjoy a good life expectancy, at least equal to that of other dogs of this structure.

His coat lacking undercoat, However, makes it little resistant to cold. On the other hand, has less difficulty in strong heat.

The health problems to which you are particularly predisposed are:

  • hereditary cerebellar ataxia, a rare genetic disorder whose outcome is usually fatal;
  • progressive retinal atrophy, which gradually causes the dog's weight due to neuronal degeneration of the eye responsible for vision.It is an incurable hereditary disease;
  • the opening of the fontanel, when a soft spot on the top of the head does not close completely.This genetic problem means that a head injury can be fatal;
  • von Willebrand's disease, an inherited condition that affects platelets and leads to a bleeding disorder: Therefore, a simple cut can cause excessive bleeding;
  • patellar luxation, which can cause pain in the knee of the animal and promote the development of arthrosis. Continental Toy Spaniel explains why you are predisposed to this problem;
  • the waterfall, giving the eye a milky or crystalline appearance, and can cause blindness. In some cases, corrected by surgery;
  • entropion, a malformation of the eyelid that causes painful lesions of the cornea in the animal;
  • collapsed windpipe, an irreversible condition that causes breathing problems and worsens over time;
  • follicular dysplasia of the black hairs, a skin condition that causes hair loss (alopecia);
  • dental problems, like all dogs of this size., the small size of its mouth favors the formation of tartar, and all the troubles that go with it (gingivitis,periodontosis…);
  • broken bones, especially in puppies, that are particularly fragile and must be handled with care;
  • hypoglycemia, which is characterized by a decrease in blood sugar levels. The animal is then in a state of great weakness and fatigue. In the most severe cases, may fall into a coma.

The fact that many of these conditions are inherited underscores the difference that adopting from a serious breeder Continental Toy Spaniel.In fact, a professional worthy of the name should be able to provide not only a certificate of good health established by a veterinarian, as well as the details of the vaccinations received by the animal (recorded in your health record or immunization record), but also and especially the results of the genetic tests carried out on the parents or the child on these diseases.

Having said that, making sure you adopt a healthy puppy is of little interest if you don't do everything you can to keep it that way. In this sense, prevention plays a fundamental role: wear it regularly (At least once a year) to a veterinarian for a health check allows, in particular, make sure you are up to date on your vaccinations, but also detect a possible problem as soon as possible.

Life expectancy

Of 14 to 15 years

Grooming

Although the Continental Toy Spaniel it's a long-haired dog, the absence of undercoat makes their coat relatively easy to maintain. In fact, this particularity implies that very little is detached, except during their molting periods, in spring and autumn. Daily brushing is necessary during these periods, but twice a week is more than enough the rest of the time.

As long as the coat is brushed enough, does not tend to get dirty or smell bad. So, unless it got especially dirty, wash the dog 2 or 3 times a year is usually enough. Always use a shampoo specially designed for dogs, since the pH of your skin is not the same as that of humans.

As in the case of any dog, their ears should be checked and cleaned once a week to reduce the risk of infection.

Since they are especially prone to eye diseases, your eyes should also be thoroughly cleaned weekly.

It also, regular tooth brushing, at least once a week, It is essential to limit the formation of tartar and avoid all the risks that this entails. Do not neglect this maintenance, as it is prone to dental problems.

Last, your nails grow quickly: therefore, generally need to be cut once a month. Otherwise, run the risk of disturbing or even breaking and injuring you.

Of course, all coat maintenance, the eyes, the ears, the dog's teeth and nails should not be done randomly: it is important to know how to proceed. It is important to know how to do it well. The first time, It may help to see a veterinarian or professional groomer to learn how to do this..

It also, so that the sessions go as well as possible, it is important to accustom your pet to all these manipulations from an early age.

Food

The Continental Toy Spaniel can be fed industrial dog food, as long as it is of good quality and adapted to their age, size and activity level, so that it provides you with all the nutrients you need.

Even if your dog is not predisposed to being overweight due to his activity level, you have to make sure that his daily intake does not exceed his needs and weigh him regularly, for example, Once a month. In the event that a discrepancy is confirmed or even worsens from one moment to the next, it doesn't take long to take him to a vet: he will be able to identify the medical origin (disease, side effect of a medication…) or dietary origin (unsuitable products or given in excessively large quantities) of the problem, and define how to remedy it. By the way, It's important to put attention on 300 or 400 grams of extra is not much for a human, but they represent for a small dog like Continental Toy Spaniel a significant percentage of your weight, and therefore clearly require to be alarmed.

By the way, treats can work wonders in the context of your education, but they can also work against you by promoting weight gain if given in large amounts. To limit this risk, the ideal is to deduct your caloric intake from your daily ration. Last, like any dog, the Continental Toy Spaniel must have access to clean, fresh water at all times.

Use

Unlike many dog ​​breeds that were originally developed for hunting or herding, the Continental Toy Spaniel has served from the beginning as an ideal companion dog, being gentle, affectionate and calm. From the 15th century, they were the perfect companion of noble ladies in the royal courts of Europe.

This role of faithful companion dog is still the most frequent today, and needs to be very close to his family. But, not to be confused with a lap dog that spends most of its time sleeping: has a lot of energy, and needs a master active enough to allow him to spend it every day.

His past and present success as a companion dog owes much to his attractive appearance.. It's no wonder that many owners try to display them at dog shows, so it is common to find them as sample dogs.

His intelligence and physical abilities are above average for a dog of his size., which makes them ideal competitors in dog sports such as agility, the flyball, obedience and rally-obedience.

It also, His level of vigilance and the fact that he is not one of those who spend hours sleeping during the day make him a good alert dog., that does not stop warning in case of unusual presence.

Last, His closeness to humans and ability to quickly become friends with them combine with his sensitivity to make him an excellent therapy dog., gifted to calm the most fragile people with his simple presence. They can be found in hospitals, mental health centers and rehabilitation centers.

How much does a “Papillón” cost??

The price of a puppy Continental Toy Spaniel it's average 1200 EUR.

But, there may be a more or less important difference from one individual to another, based on your lineage, the prestige of the kennel from which they come, its intrinsic characteristics (and, in particular, of its greater or lesser conformity with the standard, which means that within the same litter there may be significant price differences), as well as their sex, since females tend to cost more than males.

Characteristics "Continental Toy Spaniel"

Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "Continental Toy Spaniel" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

Adaptation ⓘ
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friendly dog ​​ⓘ
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hair loss ⓘ
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Affection level ⓘ
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Need for exercise ⓘ
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Social need ⓘ
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Home ⓘ
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Toilet ⓘ
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Friendly with strangers ⓘ
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barking ⓘ
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Health ⓘ
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Territorial ⓘ
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Cat friendly ⓘ
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Intelligence ⓘ
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Versatility ⓘ
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Child friendly ⓘ
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Surveillance ⓘ
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joy ⓘ
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Images of the “Papillón”

Videos of the «Papillón»

Type and recognitions:

  • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
  • Group :
  • Section : . .

Federations:

  • – FCI – Group 9: Section 9: Continental Toy Spaniel and others ⓘ
  • – AKC – Toy ⓘ
  • – ANKC – Group 1 (Toy) ⓘ
  • – CKC – Group 5 – (Toy) ⓘ
  • – ​KC – Toy ⓘ
  • – NZKC – Toy ⓘ
  • – UKC – Group 8 – Companion dog ⓘ

FCI breed standard "Continental Toy Spaniel"

Origin:
France, Belgium

Date of publication of the valid original standard:
17.9.1990

Use:

Toy dog.



General appearance:

Fancy Little Spaniel, normal and harmonious structure. Her hair is long, and the muzzle moderately long and shorter than the skull. It's lively and funny, although robust and haughty demeanor. Free and elegant passage. The body is slightly longer than tall.



Behavior / temperament:

----

Head:

In proportion to the body, and proportionally lighter and shorter than the Large and Medium Spaniel.

Cranial region:
  • Skull: Not very rounded, either seen in profile or from the front, and sometimes has a slight hint of a middle groove.
  • Depression links (Stop) : quite sharp. In thicker dogs, this depression is minor, although observable; in smaller dogs, is clearly marked, but it never comes abrupt.

facial region:

  • Truffle : Is small, black, rounded, although slightly flat on top.
  • Snout : It is shorter than the skull; is thin and pointed; the side face is not too hollowed out. Must not be lifted.
  • Cañal nasal : Rectilinear.
  • Lips : Highly pigmented, slim and close together.
  • Jaws/Teeth : Quite strong teeth, well and normally applied.
  • Language : It should not be visible; the fact that it is constantly visible, or that the dog does not keep it in the mouth once it is touched, constitutes a fault.
  • Eyes : They are quite big, they are wide open, and are shaped like a wide almond. They are not prominent and are found on the lower part of the head. The internal angle of the eyes is located at the intersection of the skull and the muzzle. They are very expressive and dark in color; the eyelids are highly pigmented.
  • Ears : The integument is quite fine, although resistant. Whether it be the oblique ear, or drooping ear, when it is examined by hand, the cartilage should not end in a point that is too sharp. The ears are set on the back of the head, far enough apart from each other so that the slightly rounded shape of the skull is observable.
  • Drop-eared variety (PHALENE). During rest, the high-set ear appears well above the eye line., and, although fall, has enough mobility. It is provided with wavy hairs that can be very long, what gives the dog a beautiful appearance.  
  • Variety with straight ears (PAPILLON). High-set ear; the conchial cartilage is wide open and oriented to one side; The inner edge of the conchial cartilage forms an angle of about 45° with the horizontal. Under no circumstances should the ear point up, since it would look like the Pomeranian's ear, and this should not be accepted in any way. The interior of the conchial cartilage has fine, wavy hairs.. The longest hairs barely exceed the edge of the ear; the external face, on the contrary, is covered in long hairs that form dangling bangs, which widely exceed the edge of the ear.

The crossing of these two varieties often produces semi-eared?upright and with drooping tips; this mixture of traits is considered a serious fault.

Neck:

Medium length, slightly arched at the nape.

Body:

  • top line : It's not too short, nor arched, nor sunk; However, it should not be flat either.
  • Pork loin : Strong and slightly arched.
  • Breast  : Width, quite deep. Its perimeter, measured between the last two ribs, should be approximately equivalent to the height at the withers. The ribs are well sprung.
  • Belly : Slightly collected.

Tail:

Set quite high; it is rather long with thick bangs, that forms a beautiful plume. When is the dog alert, is elevated in the plane of the spine and arched, so that the tip can rub against the back. It should never kink, nor sit stretched out on the back.

Tips

The limbs are straight, firm, pretty thin. The dog must not appear upright. Viewed from behind or from the front, the members are parallel.

Former members

  • Shoulder : well developed, well attached to the trunk.
  • Arms : They are the same length as the scapula and are attached to it at a normal angle. Tight to the chest.
  • Carpo : Profile, can be seen.

Later members

  • Hocks : Normally angled.
FEET : Quite long; well poised on the soles, they are called "hare feet". Strong nails, preferably black, are lighter in dogs with brown or white fur (white nails in white dogs, or white legs are not a fault if the dog is well pigmented in other parts of the body). The fingers are wiry and the pads are resistant; between them there is a fine and abundant hair that exceeds the end of the foot and forms a point.


Movement:

Haughty and free step, with ease and elegance.

Mantle

Fur

No undercoat of hairs, the fur is abundant, shiny and wavy (not to be confused with curly); not smooth, if not rather resistant, with silky reflections, flat-set, quite fine and a bit kinky due to waviness. The appearance of the hair resembles that of the English Spaniel, but it differs clearly from the hair of the Pekingese Spaniel. On the other hand, must not bear any resemblance to the Pomeranian. The hair is short in the face, the snout, the front of the limbs and the bottom of the hock. It is of medium length over the body, lengthening at the neck to form a collar and a well-wavy neckline that descends on the chest; forms fringes on the ears and on the back of the forelimbs. Over the back of the thighs are wide trousers in loose tufts. Small strands of hair can be found between the fingers that slightly exceed them, as long as they don't give the foot a look of heaviness, but on the contrary give it a thinner and elongated appearance. As an indication, Dogs with a well developed coat have a hair of 7,5 cm at the cross and fringes of 15 cm in the tail.

Color

All colors are allowed on a white background. On the body and the extremities, white should predominate in relation to color. The white color is appreciated on the head, prolonged by a more or less wide list. A white mark on the underside of the head is acceptable., but if white predominates, this is considered a foul. In all cases, the lips, the eyelids and especially the nose must be pigmented.



Size and weight:

  • Height to the cross : About 28 cm..
  • Weight : Two categories :
    • 1. Less than 2,5 kg in males and females.
    2. Of 2,5 to 4,5 kg in males, of 2,5 to 5 kg in females.
    Minimum weight : 1,5 kg.


    Fouls:

    Any deviation from the above mentioned criteria is considered to lack, and the gravity of this refers to the degree of deviation to the standard and its impact on the health and well-being of the dog.

    • flat skull, apple-shaped and bulky, like the little english spaniel.  
    • Too much or too little naso-frontal depression.
    • Nose that is not black.
    • Arched nasal bridge, or concave.
    • Lip discoloration.
    • The upper prognathism and especially the lower.
    • Small eyes,  too round,  or prominent; light eyes;  eyes whose whites are visible when the dog looks straight ahead.
    • Discoloration at the edges of the eyelids.
    • Sunken or carp back.
    • Curled tail resting on the back, or that falls to the side (this refers to the bones and not the bangs, that by its length falls in strands).
    • Arched forelimbs.
    • Nude carpus.
    • Loose hind limbs.
    • Hind limbs that,  seen from behind, they would move away from the vertical at the knees, hocks and feet.
    • The presence of single or double dewclaws on the hind limbs is considered an aesthetic fault. It is advisable to remove them.
    • Feet bent outward or inward.
    • Nails that do not reach the ground.
    • Sparse fur, soft, or bulky; straight set hair, straight hair, o lanudo.  Undercoat of hairs pointing to a cross with the Pomeranian.

    ELIMINATING fAULTS:

    • Aggressive or fearful dog.
    • Pink truffle, or with pink spots.
    • Excessive upper or lower prognathism, to the point that the incisors no longer touch.
    • Paralyzed tongue, or constantly visible.

    Any dog ​​showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities must be disqualified..



    N.B.:

    Males should have two normal-appearing testicles fully descended into the scrotum..

    Source: F.C.I - International Cynological Federation

    Alternative names:

    1. Epagneul Nain Continental, Papillon, Butterfly dog, Squirrel dog (English).
    2. Papillon (French).
    3. Ursprünglich Epagneul Nain Continenta, Schmetterlingshündchen, Papillon und Phalène, Für den Papillon (German).
    4. Borboleta, Papillon (Portuguese).
    5. Epagneul papillón, Spaniel continental enano, Spaniel Continental enano de compania (español).

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    Chinese Crested Dog
    China FCI 288 . Hairless Dogs

    Origin: China
    Character: Shy and affectionate
    Weight: 2.7 to 5.5 Kg
    Height: 28 to 33 cm.
    Life expectancy: 13 - 15 years

    Perro crestado chino

    The Chinese Crested Dog is a breed of small hairless companion dog native to China.

    Content

    History

    The origin of the "Chinese created dog" is not very clear. Some specialists see in this breed a descendant of certain Egyptian dogs, but this theory is disputed.

    In any case, the oldest traces of this dog date back to the Hans dynasty (226 a.C. to 220 d.C.). It was used as a utility dog (especially by sailors, who took him aboard their boats to hunt rats) and as a companion dog at the imperial court, to the point that the emperors themselves possessed one.

    They were also used as currency in ports of call, what contributed to the spread of the breed.

    Reports of Europeans who traveled to China in the 18th century mention dogs similar to the Chinese Crested Dog, but it was not until the second half of the 20th century that the first representatives of the breed as we know it today arrived in Europe, and more specifically to Great Britain. The first offspring was created in 1950 by Debora Wood. He founded the first breed club in 1959. The first dogs arrived in France in 1973.

    The Chinese Crested Dog is recognized by the FCI since 1987, by the British Kennel Club since 1981 and by the American Kennel Club from 1991.

    Physical characteristics

    The Chinese Crested Dog is one of the most amazing looking dog breeds. This small dog with a slender silhouette is easily recognizable.

    The naked variety, the best known, has a smooth and hairless body, except in the head, legs and tail.

    There is another variety, the hairy, which is covered by a veil of long silky hair.

    All coat colors are allowed. The ears are erect in the naked variety and drooping in the hairy variety..

    Size and weight
      ▷ Male size: 28 – 33 cm.
      ▷ female size: 23 – 30 cm.
      ▷ Male weight: 3 – 4 kg
      ▷ female weight: 3 – 4 kg

    Varieties

    There are two different types of this breed:

    • Deer type lacking hair all over the body, except in the head, legs and tail, with light bones and lively character.
    • Cobby type long silky hair all over the body, with heavier bones.

    Character and skills

    The Chinese Crested Dog It is often known as an antidepressant dog due to its pleasant nature, besides her pretty crazy appearance. In fact, this little dog is affectionate, cheerful and playful. It is very endearing and it is never bad. So, it is a good companion for children. Quite suspicious of strangers, it won't take long to bark at the slightest visit.

    With moderate needs in terms of physical activity, it is a breed of dog adapted to apartment life. But, what he needs the most Chinese Crested Dog is the company of his master. It can be very "dependent" with this. It also, you may suffer from separation anxiety from the dog. In effect, he is a very demanding partner, who will have a hard time withstanding loneliness.

    If he Chinese Crested Dog has been well socialized, will tolerate other animals as well as other dogs without any problem.

    Education

    The education of Chinese Crested Dog must be firm but not violent, because it is sensitive. Otherwise, can adopt destructive behavior.

    Use

    The Chinese Crested Dog It is a companion and indoor dog.

    People say that, thanks to its body heat, used as a living hot water bottle to treat rheumatism.

    Health

    The Chinese Crested Dog is prone to various skin diseases:

    • atopic dermatitis ;
    • Allergic dermatitis ;
    • solar dermatitis.

    It also, the naked variety of Chinese Crested Dog is especially sensitive to cold and humidity. You should also take special care to protect your dog from the sun., because you could get burned.

    Last, the genetic mutation that causes the absence of hair leads to teething problems: the dog usually loses all or part of its teeth at 2 years.

    Grooming

    In the case of the variety Deer type, without hair, you should bathe your dog frequently using a dog shampoo. No need to hydrate the skin or apply sunscreen.

    In the case of the variety Cobby type, you should brush your dog every week, except during the dog's puberty period, when it should be brushed every day. It is advisable to give him a bath regularly. Do not forget to dry it with a hair dryer -low temperature- to prevent you from catching a cold.

    Last, Since the Chinese Crested Dog often have dental problems, it is recommended to brush your dog's teeth every other day.

    Characteristics "Chinese Crested Dog"

    Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "Chinese Crested Dog" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

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    Images "Chinese Crested Dog"

    Photos:

    1 – "Chinese created dog" by https://pixabay.com/es/illustrations/perro-perro-crestado-chino-4882997/
    2 – "Chinese created dog" by https://pixabay.com/es/photos/crestado-chino-cachorro-3799578/
    3 – "Chinese created dog" by https://pixabay.com/es/photos/perro-crestado-chino-invierno-2501289/
    4 – "Chinese created dog" by Sheri Lands, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
    5 – «Female of Perro crestado chino – Auriga Cassiopeia Maytays Minng – with her seven one-month-old puppies – four of them hairless, tres powderpuff» by HTO, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
    6 – "Chinese created dog" by I, Jasmine2501, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

    Videos "Chinese Crested Dog"

    Type and recognitions:

    • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
    • Group :
    • Section : . .

    Federations:

    Federations:

    • – FCI – Group 9: Section: 3.2 Petit Brabançon ⓘ
    • – AKC – Toy ⓘ
    • – ANKC – (Toy) ⓘ
    • – CKC – Group 5 – (Toy) ⓘ
    • – ​KC – Toy ⓘ
    • – NZKC – Toy ⓘ
    • – UKC – Group 8 – Companion dog ⓘ

    FCI breed standard "Chinese Crested Dog"

    Origin:
    China

    Date of publication of the valid original standard:
    13.10.2010

    Use:

    Companion dog.



    General appearance:

    It is a small dog, active and funny; with medium to light bones; lack of hair on the body, showing only fine hair on feet, head and tail or covered with a veil of soft fur. There are two different types of this breed: The "deer type", of light bone and living character and the "cobby" of body and weavy bodies.



    Behavior / temperament:

    It is joyful, never aloof the malicious.

    Head:

    Flat without too many wrinkles. The distance between the occiput and the stop is equal to the distance between the stop and the tip of the nose. Presents a funny look, with an alert expression.

    Cranial region:
    • Skull: Slightly rounded and elongated.
    • Depression links (Stop): Slightly pronounced but not excessively.

    facial region:

    • Truffle: It celebrities, holding close together with the muzzle. Any pigmentation of the truffle is acceptable.
    • Snout: Thinning slightly, but never pointed, thin and without lips.
    • Lips: Thin and adherent.
    • Jaws/Teeth: Strong jaws with a regular and perfect scissor bite, that is to say, that the upper incisors closely overlap the lower ones and are implanted at right angles in the jaws.
    • Cheeks: Clearly outlined, thin and flat, thinning down to the muzzle.
    • Crest: In ideal form, the crest should start from the stop and continue decreasing to the lower part of the neck. It should preferably be long and abundant, but it is also acceptable that it is scarce.
    • Eyes: So dark they appear black. They should not show the conjunctiva or very little of it. Its size is medium and its implantation is very separated.
    • Ears: Low insertion: the highest point of the base of the ear is at the level of the outer corner of the eye. They are long, y lifted, with or without hair fringes, except in the Powder Puffs in whom the fallen ears are allowed.

    Neck:

    Cleansed, double chin free, long, gracefully leaning up to her insertion with shoulders that are strong. During the movement the dog wears its neck high and slightly arched.

    Body:

    From medium to elongated. Flexible.

    • Back: Horizontal.
    • Pork loin: companies.
    • Rump: Well rounded and muscular.
    • Breast : Rather deep; descends to the elbow, without presenting ribs. The sternum is not prominent.
    • bottom line: Moderately withdrawn.

    Tail:

    High insertion, wears it up straight or to the side during movement. It is long, gradually thinning to the tip; it's almost straight, Do not screw or bend anywhere; hangs naturally during rest. Has long, abundant feathers that are limited to the lower two-thirds of the tail. A meager feather is acceptable.

    Tips

    Former members

    Long and thin, well poised under the body.

    • Shoulder: Well-delineated shoulder blades, narrow and well positioned to the rear.
    • Elbows: Glued to the body.
    • Metacarpus: Thin, strong, almost vertical.

    Later members

    They are well separated. The angulation of the hind limbs should be such that the back is horizontal.

    • Knee: Strong; the long leg slopes gently towards the tibia-tarsal joint.
    • Hock: Low.

    Pies

    Extremely shaped feet "Hare", narrow and very long, with a unique elongation in its kind of small bones between the joints, especially on the front feet, which almost give the appearance of having an additional connecting piece. Nails can be any color and are moderately long. The "socks" (hairy skin of the feet) should ideally be confined to the fingers and should not extend above the carpal joint. Feet and toes do not deviate outward or inward.

    Movement:

    It is long, fluid and elegant with good scope and much impulse.

    Mantle

    Fur

    There should be no large areas covered with hair anywhere on the body. The skin should be delicately grainy and smooth, hot to the touch. In Powderpuffs the skin has an undercoat with a soft veil of long hair, The veil -shaped fur being characteristic.

    Color

    Any color or combination of colors is accepted.



    Size and weight:

    Height to the cross

    • Males: 28-33 cm..
    • females: 23-30 cm..

    The weight varies considerably, but it must not be greater than 5 ½ kg.



    Fouls:

    Any deviation from the aforementioned criteria is considered a fault and its seriousness is considered to the degree of
    the deviation to the stay and its consequences on the health and well -being of the dog.

    Any dog ​​showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities should be disqualified..

    Note: Males should have two normal-appearing testicles fully descended into the scrotum..


    disqualifying fouls:
    • Aggressiveness or extreme shyness.
    • Any dog ​​showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities.


    N.B.:

    Males should have two normal-appearing testicles fully descended into the scrotum..

    Source: F.C.I - International Cynological Federation

    Alternative names:

    1. Crested, Puff, Hairless Chinese Crested Dog (English).
    2. Chien nu chinois (French).
    3. Chinese Crested Dog (German).
    4. (em chinês: 中国冠毛犬) (Portuguese).
    5. Crestado, Puff (español).

    ▷ The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

    Coton de Tulear
    Madagascar FCI 283 . Coton de Tuléar

    Origin: Madagascar
    Character: Playful and affectionate
    Weight: 3.5 to 6 Kg
    Height: 22 to 30 cm.
    Life expectancy: 14 - 16 years

    The Coton de Tulear is very playful, to the point that the standard describes him as "sometimes he's a bit of a clown".

    Content

    History

    The Coton de Tulear He is originally from the port city of Tulear, in southern Madagascar (currently Toliara).

    Its exact origins are unknown., but it probably descends in part from the Bichon. The latter was fashionable in the sixteenth century, and many people kept dogs of this breed as pets or to hunt rats.

    The ancestors of Coton de Tulear they could be, Therefore, Bichons owned by French settlers in Madagascar or by sailors, merchants or pirates, who used them to hunt rats on board. A popular half legend of the island speaks of the Bichons accompanied the ladies on a boat and survived the shipwreck.

    In any case, These Bichons would have interbred naturally with the Terriers local, giving rise to a new breed of dog described at the time as almost wild and living by hunting.

    Later, natural selection worked its way into a living dog, very adaptable and resistant.

    From the seventeenth century, These dogs were domesticated and adopted by the "Merinas", one of the island's ethnic groups, and more specifically for its nobility.

    at the end of the century, the French nobility settled in the colony of Fort-Dauphin (created in 1643) took hold of this new breed, then baptized as "Royal Dog of Madagascar", coming to enact laws that prohibited commoners from owning them and jealously guarding them on the island.

    Like this, the Cotón remained isolated and unknown to the rest of the world for several centuries, time during which it developed remarkable specificities, starting with the fur that gave it its current name. Dense and cottony, protects you from both the cold nights and the heat of the Malagasy days.

    Thus appeared the Coton de Tulear what we know today, obviously related to the different Bichons (Havanese, Maltese, Bolognese and above all Bichon Frise, the closest to him).

    Madagascar gained its independence in 1960. Tourists, more and more numerous and mostly French, they began to discover the paradisiacal landscapes of the island and their funny puppy so affectionate. A handful adopted them and brought them to France, where they were immediately successful. But, it was not until the following decade when it was possible to speak of export on a larger scale.

    During the Decade of 1960, Madagascar had to face multiple economic and political problems, as well as natural disasters. Concerned about these events, Malagasy paid less attention to their national dog, and the breeders of Coton de Tulear gradually moved away from the breed standard. That's how it was until the years 70, when it began to be known also outside of France. But this knowledge - and recognition- followed two different paths: the european and american way.

    The spread of Coton de Tulear in Europe

    In 1970, Louis Petit, then president of the Société Canine de Madagascar, requested the FCI (International Cynological Federation) the recognition of Coton de Tulear. So a new standard was set and presented to the institution, and the process was successful: the FCI recognized the breed that year. Later, the FCI standard was revised in 1987, 1995 and 1999.

    The FCI designated France as the depository of the breed standard, in view of the problematic situation in Madagascar and the difficulty of creating hatcheries on the island. Automatically recognized by the SCC (Central Canine Society), the Coton de Tulear was assigned to 1977 to the Club Français du Chihuahua et des Chiens Exotiques.

    France then definitely launched into breeding, breed selection and promotion, under the direction of the FCI. The Cotón began to be exported from France to the rest of Europe and beyond, and France soon had the best specimens, something that continues to happen to a large extent today.

    The first Coton de Tulear exported to Europe bore the letters TI (Initial Holder) in their name to indicate that they were original Cotons, that is to say, that his parents were born on the island.

    Wherever i went, this happy and carefree puppy won hearts. This was especially true in the UK, where the prestigious British Kennel Club recognized the breed in 1990. Although not one of the most popular breeds there, it is becoming more popular, at around 400 births registered with the organization every year: This figure was three times lower in the early 1990s. 2010.

    In France, the number of entries in the Livre des Origines Français (LOF) increased dramatically over the years 80, going from a few dozen a year at the beginning of the decade to more than 1.000 at the end. The trend continued after, with, for example, the crossing of the 1.500 annual births in 1995 and that of the 2.000 ten years later. Since the second half of the second decade of the 21st century, a small drop has been observed., with an annual figure closer to 1.700.

    The spread of Coton de Tulear in United States

    The French were not the only ones interested in the Coton de Tulear. At the same time it spread through Europe through France, an American biologist who studied lemurs in Madagascar, The doctor. Robert Jay Russell, met him in 1973 and imported the first copies to the United States. The following year, in turn established a breed standard based on the direct descendants of imported individuals, and different from the FCI. In 1976, founded the Coton de Tulear Club of America (CTCA).

    Although appreciated, the breed remained - and remains today- much more confidential in North America than in Europe. National canine authorities took longer to recognize the breed: was not up 1996 for the United Kennel Club (UKC) and up 2014 for the American Kennel Club (AKC).

    But, several breed fan clubs were formed, some of which developed their own standards. The result is that there are now no fewer than four different standards for the Coton de Tulear in United States:

    • UKC standard, followed by NACA (North America Coton Association) ;
    • The FCI standard (the “European” standard), developed in France and recognized by the ACC (American Cotton Club);
    • The standard USACTC (The United States of America Coton de Tulear Club), which became the AKC standard;
    • The standard mCTCA (Madagascar Coton de Tulear Club of America, which replaced the one created by Robert Jay Russell in 1974), and followed by the MCPC (Malagasy Coton Preservation Club).

    The differences between these standards are mainly based on two characteristics: color and size. These may include, the MCPC allows a larger size and multiple colors, whereas the FCI standard only allows dogs totally - or almost totally- white and smaller.

    But, the breed remains relatively small in the country, occupying the position 80 (of something less than 200) in the ranking of the most popular breeds according to the number of annual registrations in the AKC.

    The situation of Coton de Tulear in Madagascar

    Although he was named the island's official dog, of which it is the only endemic dog breed, not many left Coton de Tulear in Madagascar. In fact, was a victim of its success in the years 80: a puppy bought from 500 francs in Madagascar were sold ten times more expensive in France. Like this, most newborns were exported.

    The situation of the breed in its country of origin today seems like a field of ruins. The number of hatcheries Coton de Tulear in Madagascar it is very low and the quality is not usually the same. In the best case, their dogs show little homogeneity and are quite far from the standard; in the worst case, have major defects and major health problems, because some breeders work exclusively on inbreeding. The Coton de Tulear they are also found in families as pets or on the streets, but most are not purebred.

    Although it is highly appreciated as a companion dog and quite popular in some countries. (the Netherlands and Thailand, for example, have become large importers of Cottons French), the Coton de Tulear still a relatively rare breed around the world.

    Physical characteristics

    The Coton de Tulear it's a small dog, longer than tall and muscular. His stride is regular, no jumps or jerks, but it covers little ground.

    The neck is well muscled and the skin is fine and taut, as in the whole body. The back is firm and muscular, like the rump, which is oblique and short. The chest is long and well developed, the ribs are rounded. The belly is tucked up but not elevated.

    The tail is low, in line with the spine. At rest, descends below the hock and the tip rises. In action, curves on the back.

    The head of the Coton de Tulear it is short and triangular. The skull is quite wide and slightly domed, with the presence of a slight frontal groove. The stop is not very marked.

    The eyes are round and wide apart, dark colored, and the look is alive and intelligent. The ears are triangular and droopy, high insertion. Located close to the cheeks, reach up to the corner of the lips.

    The muzzle is straight, the nose is black (although brown color is tolerated), with wide open nostrils. The lips are thin and the same color as the nose.

    Teeth are well aligned, articulated in scissors (the upper jaw covers the lower), in clamp (the two jaws are edge to edge) or articulated reverse without loss of contact (the jaws are not the same shape and shift to fit).

    The coat is one of the most notable characteristics of the breed: it's cottony, very soft and flexible (never hard or rough), dense and abundant. It can also be slightly wavy.

    The coat is generally white, but some auberization stains are allowed (white and tawny hairs) or gray (black and white hairs), especially on the ears.

    These stains are also tolerated - but not sought- in other parts of the body, provided they do not alter the general white appearance of the coat.

    Size and weight

    ▷ Male size: 26 – 28 cm.
    ▷ female size: 23 – 25 cm.
    ▷ Male weight: 4 – 6 Kg
    ▷ female weight: 3 – 5 kg

    Varieties

    There are a variety of Coton de Tulear which is completely black at birth. The legs, tail and head turn white after a few weeks, while the rest of the body takes on a silvery-gray hue in two to three years.

    Call Panda, this variety is highly sought after in the United States and Canada.

    Character and skills

    The Coton de Tulear he is a very nice companion, with a cheerful and stable character: It's full of energy, spontaneous, loving and faithful. He loves to attract attention and does not hesitate to play a clown.

    He is also a seducer capable of looking at his master with large innocent eyes or of clowning around in hopes of escaping punishment.. Observant and sensitive, knows how to recognize the right moments to achieve their goals, for example when his master is available to him, but he also knows how to find faults and take advantage of them.

    So, not necessarily an ideal dog for a novice owner: if you love to please your master and, in fact, is generally considered quite compliant, can also be stubborn, like many small dogs. It should be noted that the females of this breed are usually more independent and dominant than the males..

    Very sociable, the Coton de Tulear gets along with humans he meets, but instead is suspicious and / or fearful of strangers. It can be considered as an alarm dog, although their propensity to fulfill this role varies significantly across individuals, some being more territorial than others.

    On the other hand, they tend to get along well with other dogs and animals, including cats, whether or not they belong to the house.

    Vivaces and smart, they love to play and they especially like children, regardless of your age. In fact, It is a breed of dog recommended for children, for which it is an excellent playmate.

    Both children and adults, These naughty and alert little dogs quickly become attached to their family and are very sensitive to the moods and emotions of their companions. This makes it an exceptional companion., endowed with empathy and considered a real stress reliever. They are very cuddly and like to snuggle with their owners and "talk" to them with a lot of vocalization and growling., and they are delighted to hear back.

    Despite her delicate appearance, these resilient dogs are physically and mentally strong and easily adapt to change. Not afraid to travel or commute, the most important thing for him is to be with his family and share his activities. Otherwise, it is an ideal option for an owner who wants to take their dog on vacation, especially since its size also makes things easier.

    On the other hand, cannot be left alone for long. If his owners work during the day and have no choice but to leave him home alone, the presence of another animal is an interesting option to avoid problems, such as destructive behavior or untimely barking, that can be important and wear down the nerves of the neighborhood. The Coton de Tulear It is also, usually, a pretty noisy dog, who likes to give the voice.

    For this reason, for his good character and for his need in rather moderate exercise (30 minutes a day are enough for him), the Coton de Tulear It is a breed of dog adapted for elderly and / or not very active people. Easily adapts to a calm and sedentary lifestyle: a daily walk and play sessions are enough for your happiness. This low need for activity and its small size make it an ideal dog for apartments, although of course he is also happy in a house with a garden in the country. As long as you can exercise and are well trained, it is very quiet at home. Otherwise, they can be very energetic, to the point of being exhausting.

    If you have free access to a garden, it is better that the latter is closed. The Coton de Tulear he's too attached to his family to really run away, and does not have a very marked hunting instinct, but your curiosity may push you to follow a clue and not find your way back. At the same time, early training to remember can greatly reduce the risk of problems, especially if allowed to walk without a leash.

    In any case, having a garden, even if it is big, does not dispense with the need to walk it daily. In effect, walks are not only interested in allowing the dog to stretch its legs: allow you to possibly meet colleagues, which is always enriching, but also stimulate your senses (and especially his sense of smell), what is necessary for your psychic balance.

    The Coton de Tulear also suitable for active owners: he likes nothing more than sharing family activities and appreciates dog sports such as obedience, el agility, the canine dance or the cavage. But, your endurance has its limits: not able to run long distances. So, not a companion to take for jogging or cycling.

    Education

    The Coton de Tulear is an intelligent dog that understands very quickly what is expected of him. He is constantly listening to his master, which makes it quite easy to educate, as long as certain conditions are respected, because he is also stubborn and very observant: easily detects faults and does not hesitate to take advantage of them to do just what you want. So, his master must show sweetness, but also firmness and great coherence, so as not to be taken at fault.

    Must be educated from an early age and responds very well to dog training method positively, appreciating the rewards in the form of play, treats or caresses. But, since he is prone to getting bored quite quickly, puppy training sessions should not exceed ten minutes. It also, how he is a playful dog and that he can be very energetic, you have to show him very quickly the return to the basket (and therefore to calm down), as well as the recall.

    Like all dogs, the Coton de Tulear also needs to be socialized very soon, to prevent him from becoming fearful or aggressive. It is also essential to get him used to being handled from a young age, since its coat requires important maintenance throughout its life.

    Health

    The Coton de Tulear It is a small and resistant dog that, usually, has a robust constitution and good health. It also, thanks to its particular fur, fears neither cold nor heat.

    But, there are a number of more or less recurrent diseases to which they are prone:

    • One of the most frequent is progressive retinal atrophy. Genetic in origin, can reach various degrees of gravity, reaching the total blindness of the dog;
    • The Hip Dysplasia it's not weird either, y corresponds to a situation where the head of the femur does not fit into the corresponding socket of the hip. This causes pain, lameness and a prosthesis may be required;
    • Rarer are the patella dislocation and degenerative myelopathy, which generally appears around the 9 years and is characterized by a gradual loss of coordination. These conditions are not painful for the animal, but there is no treatment for them.

    There is also no treatment for ataxia neonatal, which fortunately is not very widespread. This sickness, caused by a genetic mutation, affects the part of the brain that controls movement and coordination, so the puppies that suffer from it are unable to walk. They are usually euthanized before their first birthday.

    In addition to these diseases with often serious consequences, the Coton de Tulear are prone to certain less serious problems, but they require a certain vigilance.

    This is the case in particular of skin allergies. They cause itching that prompts the dog to scratch, with the key to a risk of infection.

    You should also keep a close eye on your dog's eyes, since they usually run a lot: Cleaning daily or every other day is usually necessary to avoid eye inflammation or skin infection due to constant humidity.

    Last, a dog with hanging ears is at increased risk of otitis, and the Coton de Tulear does not escape the rule. So, great vigilance is also to be established at this level.

    Life expectancy

    14 years

    Grooming

    The hair Coton de Tulear is abundant and requires daily brushing, knots can easily form at the base. If there are many, the only solution is even shaving.

    So, it is necessary to get used to these daily sessions very soon, and it is necessary to take your dog to the groomer at least twice a year, to prevent hair from becoming too long.

    This is all the more true since the Coton de Tulear It is a breed of dog that does not change. Loses very little hair, which makes it a hypoallergenic dog.

    We can bathe him once a month, but always using a shampoo adapted for dogs that does not dry out the hair and skin (are prone to skin allergies), and drying it carefully after.

    You also need to take care of your teeth by brushing them two to three times a week.. The ideal is, of course, a daily frequency, which is not a problem if you are used to it since childhood.

    At the same time, regular inspection and cleaning of the eyes (all days, as it has a strong tendency to have watery eyes) and from the ears (at least once a week) will help avoid many problems like conjunctivitis, ear infections, ear scabies, etc.

    Last, as with all dogs, nails may need to be trimmed from time to time. How often depends on your lifestyle, because a very active individual wears them out naturally. If you hear them snap on the ground when you walk, it's time to cut them out.

    Food

    The Coton de Tulear not a difficult dog to feed, and does not have a particular propensity to be overweight. Good quality small croquettes are perfect, and can be given in one or two meals. On this last case, it is advisable to opt for a lighter portion in the morning and a larger one in the evening.

    In any case, your diet should be adapted to your age, health and activity level.

    You should also make sure that your dog has a bowl of fresh, clean water at all times..

    Utility

    The Coton de Tulear he is essentially a companion dog with many qualities and rarely disappoints in this role.

    For his sensitivity and playful nature, can also be used as a therapy dog, especially with depressed people.

    Last, his vivacity and his permanent attention to his master make him stand out in certain canine sports such as agility or obedience.

    Price

    The price of a puppy Coton de Tulear registered in the LOF ranges from 1.000 and 1.500 EUR, but it can reach the 2.000 euros for the specimens of the most beautiful lines.


    Breeders of the breed "Coton de Tulear"

    • Muguiris – We work with the ROYAL CANINE SOCIETY OF SPAIN ( RSCE ) ( NORTH-WEST – PEDIGREE ). We do not work with unofficial parallel canine societies. AFFIX MUGUIRIS, RSCE Nº 011939 * FCI Nº 0228/04 – La Rioja – Spain

    • Saianel kennel – Recognized by the International Cynological Federation. WOMEN 0803/06. Partner No. 792 of the Sociedad Canina Castellana SCC. – Zoo core number ES349020000019 – AFFIA: SAIANEL Nº 013861 – Palencia (Palencia)

    • Coton de Tulear D´Eramprunyà – No. of the Zoological Center: T- 2500160. – Afijo D'Eramprunyà: 7791 – Road from Reus to Mont-roig del Camp – T-310 Km 10 of Montbrió del Camp (Tarragona)

    Characteristics "Coton de Tulear"

    Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "Coton de Tulear" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

    Adaptation ⓘ
    2,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    friendly dog ​​ⓘ
    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    hair loss ⓘ
    1,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Affection level ⓘ
    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Need for exercise ⓘ
    2,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Social need ⓘ
    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Home ⓘ
    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Toilet ⓘ
    2,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Friendly with strangers ⓘ
    2,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    barking ⓘ
    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Health ⓘ
    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Territorial ⓘ
    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Cat friendly ⓘ
    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Intelligence ⓘ
    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Versatility ⓘ
    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Child friendly ⓘ
    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Surveillance ⓘ
    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    joy ⓘ
    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Images "Coton de Tulear"

    Photos:

    1 – Tuléar cotton by https://pixabay.com/es/photos/coton-de-tulear-perro-mascota-5799865/
    2 – Tuléar cotton by https://pixabay.com/es/photos/el-coton-de-tulear-perro-2417968/
    3 – Tuléar cotton by https://www.hippopx.com/es/puppies-coton-tulear-dog-animal-cotton-tulear-white-petit-domestic-animal-6371
    4 – Coton de Tulear Puppy by EthanMallang365, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
    5 – Tuléar cotton by https://pixabay.com/es/photos/coton-de-tulear-perro-mascota-5799868/
    6 – Conton de Tulear, Granadina de Domaine de la Louvière by CamilleVila, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

    Videos "Coton de Tulear"

    Type and recognitions:

    • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
    • Group :
    • Section : . .

    Federations:

    • FCI – Group 9 Section 1.2 "Cotton Tulear" ⓘ
    • AKC – Toy Group ⓘ, ANKC ⓘ
    • CKC – Group 5 – Toys ⓘ
    • UKC – Company ⓘ

    FCI breed standard "Coton de Tulear"

    Origin:
    Madagascar

    Date of publication of the valid original standard:
    25.11.1999

    Use:

    Companion dog



    General appearance:

    This is a small companion dog, longhair, white, cottony texture. His eyes are round, dark and lively and intelligent expression.



    important proportions:

    • Relationship between height at withers and length of body is 2:
    • Ratio of head length to body length is 2:5.
    • Relationship between the length of the skull and the length of the muzzle is 9:


    Behavior / temperament:

    Happy and balanced character. He is very sociable with humans and with his fellow human beings. It adapts perfectly to any lifestyle. The character of the Coton de Tuléar is one of the main characteristics of the breed.

    Head:

    Overall view, it's short; view from above, is triangular.

    Cranial region:
    • Craging:  Seen from the front,  it is slightly domed;  it is quite wide in relation to its length. Superciliary arches are poorly developed. The front groove, as well as the protuberance and the occipital crest are not very marked. The zygomatic arches are developed.
    • Dnaso-frontal depression (Stop): It is little accentuated.

    facial region:

    • Trufa: It occurs in the prolongation of the nasal bridge. Black, although chestnut is accepted. The nostrils are wide open.
    • Hocico: It is straight.
    • Labios: Fine, stretched, the same color as the truffle.
    • Jaws/Teeth:    The teeth are well aligned. The joint is scissor-shaped, forceps or inverted scissors, without losing contact. The absence of the PM1 will not be penalized. M3s are not taken into consideration.
    • Cheeks: Thin.
    • Eyes: They are rather round. dark, alert gaze, well separated. The edge of the eyelids is pigmented black or brown, depending on the color of the truffle.
    • Ears: Pendants, triangular, stand high on the skull. His limb is thin. They are attached to the cheeks and extend to the corner of the lips. They are covered with white hairs or with light gray traces (mix of white hairs and black hairs that give a light gray appearance) or roan red (mix of white hairs and tawny hairs giving a roan red appearance).

    Neck:

    He is well muscular and slightly arched. It is well attached to the body. The ratio of neck length to body length is 1/5. The skin is well stretched and there is no double chin.

    Body:

    Seen as a whole, the top line is very slightly convex. The dog is longer than tall.

    • Cruz: It is little accentuated.
    • Espalda and tenderloin: The back is firm; the top line is slightly convex. The loin is well muscled.
    • Glikeness: It is oblique, short and muscular.
    • Pecho:  Well developed,  long;  descends to the level of the elbows. The ribs are well sprung.
    • Vinbetween: picked up, but not aggrieved.

    Tail:

    Low, in the axis of the spine.
    • During rest it descends below the hock and the limb is raised
    • During movement she is hunched over her back, with the tip towards the nape, the cross, the back or the loin In dogs with thick fur, the limb may lie on the dorsal-lumbar region.


    Tips

    Former members:

    • Ageneral appearance: Seen in conjunction, they are leaden.
    • Hshoulders and arms:  The shoulders are oblique and muscular. The length of the humerus visibly corresponds to that of the scapula.
    • Forearm:  The forearms are vertical and parallel.  They are well muscled and strong boned.  The length of the forearms clearly corresponds to that of the arm.
    • CArpos:  They are located in the extension of the line of the forearm.
    • Metacarpus: Solid. Seen in profile, are slightly oblique.
    • Previous feet: Small and round. Fingers are well together and arched. The pads are pigmented.

    Later members:

    • Ageneral appearance: Seen in conjunction, they are leaden. Although it is not valued, the presence of dewclaws is not penalized.
    • Thighs: They are well muscled. The coxofemoral angle is about 80°.
    • PinErna: Oblique, they form an angle of about 120° with the femur. Hock: Delgado, well defined. Its angle is approximately 160°.
    • Metatarsals: They are vertical.
    • Pinis later: Small, round. Fingers are well together and arched. The pads are pigmented.

    Movement:

    Light and loose, but it doesn't cover much ground. During the movement the top line remains firm and the dog does not waver. Piel: It is thin and adheres well to the body in each of its parts. It is pink, although it may be pigmented.

    Mantle

    Plink: It is one of the characteristics of this breed, since that's where its name is derived. It's soft, loose, cottony, never hard or rough. Hair is dense, abundant and can be very slightly wavy.

    Codor: Background color: white.

    On the ears some light gray traces are accepted (mixture of white hairs and black hairs)  or roan red (mixture of white hairs and tawny hairs. In all other parts of the body such traces are tolerated as long as they do not modify the general white appearance of the coat.; but they are not wanted.



    Size and weight:

    Tby hand:

    • Ideal size: for the males: 26 - 28 cm.,
    • For the females: 23 - 25 cm..

    With a tolerance of 2 cm for the top size and 1 cm for bottom size.

    Pthat:    

    • Males:  4 kg, up to a maximum of 6 kg.
    • Hblaze: 3,5 kg up to a maximum of 5 kg.


    Fouls:

    Any deviation from the aforementioned criteria is considered as a fault and the severity of this is considered to the degree of the deviation to the standard and its consequences on the health and well-being of the dog..

    Serious misconduct:

    • Flat or overly domed skull; narrow skull.
    • Snout: disproportion between skull / muzzle correlation.
    • light eyes, too almond or salty Ectropion, entropion.
    • Too short, presented backwards (ears in pink). Very short ear hairs.
    • Neck too short or thin; sunk in the shoulders.
    • Top line too convex or sunken.
    • Horizontal or narrow croup.
    • Straight shoulders.
    • Limbs that deviate inward or outward, elbows off, hocks wide open or closed, straight angulations
    • Too short hair, too wavy or curly.
    • Partial or very light pigmentation of the eyelids or lips. Discolored nose or traces of discolored spots.

    disqualifying fouls:

    • Aggressiveness or extreme shyness.
    • Any dog ​​showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities.

    Cgeneral type characteristics

    • Lack of ethnic characteristics that make overall, the animal is not sufficiently similar to its peers of the same breed.
    • Size and weight that deviate from the limits and tolerances of the standard.

    Cparticular characteristics of type

    • Bowed nasal bridge
    • Prominent eyes, with features of dwarfism; eyes too light; gaze eyes.
    • Raised or semi-raised churches.
    • Tail that does not reach the hock; set high.

    Fully screwed(forming a closed curl); attached to the back or thigh;  vertical position.

    Absence of tail.

    • atypical hair, ensortijado; woolly or silky.
    • Coat with abundant spots;  any pure black stain.
    • Total absence of pigmentation in one eyelid, nose or lips.

    Anormalities

    • Upper or lower prognathism with loss of contact, vertically separated and open incisors.
    • Absence of teeth (except the PM1 and M3).


    N.B.:
    • Males should have two normal-appearing testicles fully descended into the scrotum..
    • Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with the typical conformation of the breed, should be used for parenting.

    TRADUCCION: Mrs. IRIS Carrillo. Official language: FR.

    Source: F.C.I - International Cynological Federation

    Alternative names:

    1. Toliara, Coton, Cotie (English).
    2. Coton (French).
    3. Coton, Baumwollhund (German).
    4. Coton, Nenhum (Portuguese).
    5. Coton, Cotie (español).

    ▷ The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

    Cavalier King Charles spaniel
    England FCI 136 . English Toy Spaniels

    Origin: United Kingdom
    Character: Friendly and playful
    Weight: 4,5 to 8,2 kg
    Height: 30 to 33 cm.
    Life expectancy: 9 - 14 years

    Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

    The Cavalier King Charles spaniel it is small, loving and playful.

    Content

    History Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

    Small "Spaniels" have been popular companion dogs for hundreds of years. They were found in royal courts and noble houses in Spain (where does the name of the Spaniel), France, England and Scotland, and they were often featured in portraits of their owners. A Scottish Stuarts were especially fond of dogs. Maria, Queen of Scots, she had a toy spaniel by her side when she was executed, to the same as their offspring, King Charles I of England. It was Carlos and his son Carlos II who lent their names to the dogs that eventually became known as the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel.

    The popularity of the toy Spaniels began to decline after a new king, Guillermo, replace Jaime II (Stuart also) on the throne of England. William was the Netherlands, and favored the Pug. People began to cross the Pug and Spaniels, and eventually he changed his appearance, becoming flatter with a domed head. Dogs like those seen in old portraits practically disappeared, except for a few lines here and there, such as guarding the Churchill family at Blenheim Palace.

    The dogs might have faded into the past except for one Roswell Eldridge, a wealthy American who offered a prize to anyone who could produce a dog like the ones he had seen in 17th and 18th century paintings.

    New Spaniels

    British breeders accepted the challenge and rebuilt race, working with him English Toy Spaniel long-nosed (called King Charles Spaniels in England). The first of the "new" Spaniels was exhibited in 1928 Crufts Dog Show in. Unfortunately, Eldridge did not live long enough to see, but his estate paid the prize. Since then, the Cavalier has evolved into what it is today: a robust and very popular companion, combining the curiosity of a hunting dog with the affection of a toy dog ​​by people.

    The Cavalier ranks 23rd among breeds registered by the American Kennel Club, vs. 54th for the year 2000. This is one of the biggest jumps in popularity in the last decade..

    Physical characteristics

    Various health issues affect this particular breed, especially the mitral valve disease, leading to heart failure. This will appear in most Cavalier King Charles spaniel at some point in their lives and is the most common cause of death. As well, a high number of specimens usually have a genetic condition called Syringomyelia, which causes the brain to grow in greater proportion than the skull of the dog, i.e. the brain remains tight inside the skull causing havoc neuronal causing severe pain to the animal and uncontrollable tremors.

    The measures vary between the different canine federations of the world. But there is a certain consensus that allows us to get an idea of the standard.

    The eyes are large, round, well separated in the face. dark brown. The ears are placed high on the head, well separated, they are long with many fringes and moderately long hair (pen). Snout and bite: Slightly cropped. Length of the base of the stop to the tip of the nose must be of a 3,8 cm.. It prefers the Scissor bite. The tail has moderated with long fringe hair length (well defined pen). It keeps it behind the body, rarely higher than the back. It is always her moving when it is in action.

    The height at the cross or the shoulders is of 30 to 33 cm and the weight of 4,5 to 8,2 kg.

    The life expectancy of a Cavalier King Charles spaniel is of 11 to 12 years. Although there have been documented several cases that have managed to live until the 16 years.

    The mantle is composed of soft hair, silky, of moderate length. It may be slightly hondeado. Should not cut you and has to be brushed frequently.

    The colors of the mantle of this breed are basically four: Blenheim, Tricolor, ruby, Black and Brown.

    • Blenheim: base is White Pearl with well-defined chestnuts marks. The ears are the chestnut.
    • Tricolor: base is White Pearl with well defined black markings. The ears are black. On the eyes, cheeks, inside the ears and at the bottom of the tail is brown.
    • ruby: The solid reddish brown color is called a ruby.. Is considered a lack if you have white markings.
    • Black and Brown: is basic black with Brown markings above the eyes, cheeks, inside of the ears, on the chest, at the bottom of the tail and legs. Is considered a lack if you have white markings.

    Character and skills

    The Cavalier King Charles spaniel it is small, loving and playful. The typical Cavalier is always happy, confident and carefree, friend of everyone you know. Faithful to their heritage as “protection dogs”, to the Cavaliers they love to be on a lap.

    The temperament of Cavalier goes from sweet and placid to tough and stubborn. Sweet and placid Cavaliers sometimes have the reputation of being fools, and stubborn for not being trainable, but in general, These dogs are intelligent and learn quickly. They respond well to positive reinforcement techniques, especially when they offered food rewards, but the harsh words will leave them or even try to hide. One Cavalier should never be shy or aggressive towards people or other dogs.

    The Cavalier King Charles spaniel, ranks 44 on Stanley Coren's list of "The intelligence of dogs”.

    The Cavaliers they live to be with their people. Dogs generally love children and do well in families with older children who throw them a ball, They teach them tricks or just hang out with them. But, due to its small size, the Cavaliers They should be protected from clumsy toddlers who may fall on them or "pet" them too hard..

    Some things to know about Cavaliers:

    They love to lick, love to chase moving objects (especially Feathered) and can be manipulative when they want food (those eyes!). It is difficult or impossible to stop these behaviors, so it is necessary to find a way to avoid, how to keep the dog always tied in the cities and be firm when the Cavaliers wants to share the fries.

    The Cavaliers is not perfect. any dog, no matter how pleasant it, You may develop obnoxious barking levels, digging and other undesirable behavior if you are bored, untrained or unsupervised.

    Training of the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

    Start training your puppy the day you bring him home. Even at eight weeks old, He is able to absorb everything that can be taught. Don't wait until you have 6 months to start training or have to deal with more stubborn dog. If possible, Take it to a trainer so that when it is between 10 and 12 weeks old is a sociable dog. But, Note that many kinds of training puppies require certain vaccinations (such as kennel cough) stay up to date, and many vets recommend limited exposure to other dogs and public places until puppy vaccinations have been completed (including rabies, distemper and parvovirus).

    Instead of formal training, you can start training your puppy at home and socialize with family and friends until immunizations are completed for puppies.

    Talk to the breeder, Describe exactly what you want in a dog and ask for help choosing a puppy. Breeders see the puppies daily and can make amazingly precise recommendations once they know something about their lifestyle and personality.

    «Cavalier King Charles Spaniel» images

    “Cavalier King Charles Spaniel” Videos

    Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Facts

    CAVALIER KING CHARLES SPANIEL || DEPORTIVO Dog Race, affectionate and calm || History ð©

    Dogs 101- Cavalier King Charles spaniel

    FIRST DAY WITH NEW PUPPY | Cavalier King Charles spaniel

    Ratings of the “Cavalier King Charles Spaniel”

    Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "Cavalier King Charles spaniel" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

    Adaptation ⓘ
    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    friendly dog ​​ⓘ
    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    hair loss ⓘ
    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Affection level ⓘ
    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Need for exercise ⓘ
    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Social need ⓘ
    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Home ⓘ
    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Toilet ⓘ
    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Friendly with strangers ⓘ
    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    barking ⓘ
    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Health ⓘ
    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Territorial ⓘ
    2,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Cat friendly ⓘ
    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Intelligence ⓘ
    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Versatility ⓘ
    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Child friendly ⓘ
    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    joy ⓘ
    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Surveillance ⓘ
    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Breeders of the breed "Cavalier King Charles spaniel"

    • Bel Ami Cavaliers – Official FCI breeders with number 119/2019
      Afijo: 23747 (Alicante)
      Web: www.belamicavaliers.com
      Telephone 600 724 537
      Email: info@belamicavaliers.com
    • Mar Salinero Jara – 28460 The mills (Madrid)
      Afijo: De Somosaguas nº 17726
      In Facebook add to group: «Cavalier King Charles SPAIN»
    • Pinar del Jaralón (Breeders Cavalier King Charles Spaniel since 2003).
      Tel. 672 297 354
    • Nicoleta Oprea – Cherish Me Cavaliers (FCI official breeders with afijo 22487) – El Boalo (Sierra de Guadarrama) Madrid.
      Tel. 643190977 – Contact

    Type and recognitions:

    • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
    • Group :
    • Section : . .

    Federations:

    • – FCI – Group 9: Section 7: English Toy Spaniels ⓘ
    • – AKC – Toy ⓘ
    • – ANKC – Group 1 (Toy) ⓘ
    • – CKC – Group 5 – (Toy) ⓘ
    • – ​KC – Toy ⓘ
    • – NZKC – Toy ⓘ
    • – UKC – Group 8 – Companion dog ⓘ

    FCI breed standard "Cavalier King Charles spaniel"

    Origin:
    United Kingdom

    Date of publication of the valid original standard:
    04.11.2008

    Use:

    Companion dog.



    General appearance:

    active dog, graceful and well balanced, with a friendly expression.



    Behavior / temperament:

    It is a sporting dog, affectionate without any shyness. Happy, friendly, non-aggressive and without any hint of nervousness.

    Head:



    Cranial region:
    • Skull: Almost flat between the ears.
    • Fronto-nasal depression (Stop): shallow.

    facial region:

    • Truffle : Well developed and black in color, without flesh marks.
    • Snout : The distance from the base of the fronto depression?nasal to the tip of the nose is 1 1/2 inches (3,8 cm.). The muzzle gradually decreases toward the tip. The face is well filled under the eyes. Any hint of undesirable snipiness.
    • Lips : well developed, but without hanging.
    • Jaws/Teeth : Strong JAWS, with perfect scissor bite, regular and complete, that is to say, that the inner face of the upper incisors is in close contact with the outer face of the lower incisors; teeth should be implanted at right angles in the jaws.
    • Eyes :  Large, dark, round but not protuberant, quite far apart.
    • Ears : long, set high and covered with plenty of feather.

    Neck:

    Moderately long and slightly arched.

    Body:

    • Back : Level.
    • Pork loin:   Short.
    • Breast  : Moderately developed with well sprung ribs.

    Tail:

    The length of the tail should be in harmony with the body, well established, carried happily but never over the dorsal line. His amputationpreviously  optional when no more than a third should be amputated.

    Tips

    Former members

    Straight limbs and moderately developed bones.
    • Shoulder : well laid.

    Later members

    Bones moderately developed.
    • Knees : Well angulated.
    • Hocks : They should not show any hint of being cow-shaped or sickle-shaped..


    Pies : compacts, footpads with thick and well covered with long hair flecoso.

    Movement:

    Movement of moving and elegant with a lot of drive from hindlimbs. Seen from the front from behind, the forelimbs and later move in a plane parallel.

    Mantle

    Fur

    Long, silky, and without curling. A slight undulation is allowed. With many fringe. Do not cut at all.

    Color

    The colors are recognized :
    • Black and Tan : glossy black with tan markings over eyes, cheeks, inside of the ears, on the chest, in the extremities and the lower part of the tail. Tan should be bright. The white spots are undesirable.
    • ruby : A uniform deep red color. The white spots are undesirable.
    • Blenhein : Bright brown spots well distributed on a white background. The spots should be divided equally over the head, leaving a space between the ears for a brand (lunar, lozenge mark)  much valued (a distinctive feature of the breed).
    • Tricolor : Black and white well spaced and distributed, blotchy fire on the eyes, cheeks, inside of the ears, on the inside of the lower limbs and tail.
     
    Any other color or combination of colors is very undesirable.


    Size and weight:

    Among 12 and 18 English pounds (5,4 to 8 kg). a small well-balanced dog that is between these weights is desirable.



    Fouls:

    Any deviation from the aforementioned criteria should be considered as fault., and the seriousness of it is considered to the degree of deviation to the standard and its impact on health and welfare of the dog.

    Any dog ​​showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities must be disqualified..

    disqualifying fouls:

    • Aggressiveness or extreme shyness.
    • Any dog ​​showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities.


    N.B.:
    • Males should have two normal-appearing testicles fully descended into the scrotum..
    • Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with the typical conformation of the breed, should be used for parenting.

    The latest changes are in bold.

    Source: F.C.I - International Cynological Federation

    Alternative names:

    1. Cavalier (English).
    2. Cavalier (French).
    3. Cavalier (German).
    4. Cavalier (Portuguese).
    5. Cavalier (español).

    Images:

    -Image by Alexas_FotosenPixabay
    – Mario Simoes
    – Kfiatek4300 [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons
    – Bru-no(pixabay.com)

    ▷ The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

    Chesapeake Bay Retriever
    USA FCI 263 . Retrievers

    Origin: United States
    Character: Active and protective
    Weight: 25 to 36 Kg
    Height: 56 to 66 cm.
    Life expectancy: 10 - 13 years

    The Chesapeake is a hunting dog, pure and simple.

    Chesapeake Bay Retriever

    Content

    Characteristics "Chesapeake Bay Retriever"

    Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "Chesapeake Bay Retriever" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

    Adaptation ⓘ
    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    friendly dog ​​ⓘ
    2,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    hair loss ⓘ
    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Affection level ⓘ
    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Need for exercise ⓘ
    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Social need ⓘ
    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Home ⓘ
    1,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Toilet ⓘ
    2,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Friendly with strangers ⓘ
    2,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    barking ⓘ
    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Health ⓘ
    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Territorial ⓘ
    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Cat friendly ⓘ
    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Intelligence ⓘ
    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Versatility ⓘ
    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Child friendly ⓘ
    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Surveillance ⓘ
    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    joy ⓘ
    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    History

    When a British brig was wrecked off the coast of Maryland in 1807, part of the cargo that was rescued included two Newfoundland dogs. Called Sailor and Canton, they were found to have excellent retrieval skills. The locals raised them with local dogs, and became the ancestors of the "Chesapeake Retriever". Other races that may have contributed to the composition of the Chesapeake were the «Flat-coated Retriever" and the "Curly-coated Retriever«.

    The result was a hard Retriever that he was ready and willing to endure the harsh and icy Chesapeake Bay being able to recover from 100 to 200 ducks a day. The first dogs came only in dark brown, but now any shade of brown, sedge or dead grass is acceptable.

    The American Kennel Club registered your first Chessie, called Sunday, in 1878. The Chesapeake is ranked 48 breeds registered by the AKC, under the 41 a decade.

    Physical characteristics

    Distinctive features include eyes very clear, yellow or amber, rear quarters as high or slightly higher than the shoulders, and a double layer which tends to wave on shoulders, the neck, back and loins.

    The Raincoats feels slightly oily and often is associated with a slight musky odor. three basic colors are usually seen on race: the brown, which it includes all shades from light brown to a deep dark brown; sedge, ranging from reddish yellow to bright red and brown tones; and dead grass in all shades, ranging from a faded tan to a muted straw color.

    The breed standard states that the target may also appear, but it should be limited to the chest, the belly, the toes or back of feet. The head is round and wide with an average stop and muzzle. The lips are thin, and ears are small and medium leather. The Forelegs should be straight with good bone. The hindquarters are especially strong and the toes webbed as excellent swimming ability is important to the Chesapeake.

    This breed is also known for its large and powerful chest, used to break ice when submerged in cold water while duck hunting.

    Character and skills

    The "Chesapeake Retriever" is highly appreciated for its alert and cheerful disposition., his intelligence, his calm demeanor and his affectionate nature and protective. The value, the willingness to work, vivacity, good sense of smell, the intelligence, The enjoyment of the water and especially the general quality and dispositions must take priority when selecting and breeding the "Chesapeake Retriever.". Extreme shyness or aggression are not desirable in this breed, whether the animal is used as a hunting dog or pet.

    In the countryside, the Chesapeake he is a serious worker and has even been called neurotic in his eagerness to find fallen birds. It's not out there to play. The Chesapeake They are known for their excellent vision and memories when it comes to seeing where birds fall and remembering where to go to collect them.. His favorite activity is hunting for ducks.

    When you train, respects their learning ability. Don't continue training him long after it's clear he knows what to do. The perfect Chesapeake is not prepared by the breeder. any dog, no matter how pleasant it, detestable levels can develop barking, excavation and other undesirable behavior if you are bored, untrained or unsupervised.

    Did you know??

    The Chessie not designed to be a companion, is a hunting dog, pure and simple. And not just any old hunting dog… He is a waterfowl dog and lives to get wet in pursuit of his feathered prey..

    The health of the Chesapeake Retriever

    According to a survey conducted in 2005 by the American Chesapeake Club, the most common health problems seen in the breed are hip dysplasia, progressive retinal atrophy and other eye problems, cancer, degenerative myelopathy and hypothyroidism. This breed can also be prone to a bleeding disorder called von Willebrand disease.

    Find a breeder who uses the newly available genetic test for degenerative myelopathy, a form of progressive weakness and paralysis of the limbs. Although DM is rare, It is incurable and crippling. Not all dogs that test positive in the test of DM develop the disease, but farmers who try their race for this condition are probably the most conscientious.

    The test can be used to determine whether a puppy's parents are clean, they are carriers or are at risk; a puppy whose parents are clean – neither carriers nor at risk – also will be. A puppy two carrier parents will be at risk, and a puppy parent with a carrier may be at risk. Even dogs tested for having two copies of the gene never show symptoms of the disease., but the status of the parents of your puppy, and his own dog, It can help you be aware of the early warning signs.

    Careful breeders test their breeding dogs for genetic diseases and only breed the healthiest and best looking dogs., but sometimes mother nature has other ideas and a puppy develops one of these diseases despite good husbandry practices. Advances in veterinary medicine mean that in most cases dogs can still live a good life. If you're going to have a puppy, ask the breeder about the ages of the dogs in their lines and what they died of.

    Remember that after hosting a new puppy home ut, has the power to protect you from one of the most common health problems: the obesity. Keeping a Chesapeake Retriever at an appropriate weight is one of the easiest ways to prolong its life.. Make the most of your preventative abilities to help ensure a healthier dog for life.

    Chesapeake Retriever Grooming

    The Chesapeake has a tough, oily outer coat over a dense undercoat, fine and wooly. The dirt and debris are easily removed with a rubber brush. The undercoat is very clear in spring, so be prepared to brush the dog more frequently during this time to prevent loose hair from collecting on clothing and furniture..

    Give the Chessie Fresh water rinse after it has been in salt water or has swum in the mud of a pond or lake, but to keep the resistance of the coat to water, avoid bathing unless absolutely necessary. That can be as little as twice a year.

    The rest is basic care. Keep your ears clean and dry so they don't get infected, and trim nails as needed, usually every two weeks. Brush your teeth for general good health and fresh breath.

    «Chesapeake Retriever» Images

    credits:

    1. A Chesapeake Bay Retriever by Keith Rousseau at en.wikipedia / CC BY-SA
    2. Chesapeaker Bay retriever by Nevilley / CC BY-SA
    3. Male, Chesapeake Bay Retriever competing in the conformation ring by George Makatura / Public domain
    4. Chesapeaker Bay retriever by https://pxhere.com/es/photo/1407301
    5. Chesapeaker Bay retriever by https://pixabay.com/es/photos/perros-mascotas-el-agua-1582148/
    6. Chesapeake Bay Retriever by Diane – HTTPS://flic.kr/p/6k1uFQ
    7. chesapeake bay retriever by https://www.peakpx.com/611264/chesapeake-bay-retriever
    8. Brown Chesapeake Bay Retriever in the snow, carrying a plant part in its snout by Will Thomas / CC BY

    Videos «Chesapeake Retriever»

    Type and recognitions:

    • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
    • Group :
    • Section : . .

    Federations:

    FCI ⓘ, AKC ⓘ, ANKC ⓘ, CKC ⓘ, ​KC ⓘ, NZKC ⓘ, UKC ⓘ

    FCI breed standard Chesapeake Bay Retriever

    FCIFCI - Chesapeake Bay Retriever
    		Retriever

    Alternative names:

    1. Chessie, CBR, Chesapeake (English).
    2. Chesapeake Bay Retriever, Chesapeake (French).
    3. Chesapeake Bay Retriever (German).
    4. Chesapeake bay retriever (Portuguese).
    5. Chessie, CBR, Chesapeake (español).

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