Similar to the Hotocho (or Mongolian sheepdog), the Canadian Eskimo (or Qimmiq en inuktitut) it is a very old canine breed, perhaps one of the first to accompany man to this part of the globe, almost ago 4.000 years. Faithful companion of the Inuit people of Thule, was bred and trained to become a tough working dog, able to travel long distances at a steady pace. It also, your complexion, their excellent sense of smell and intelligence were used to locate the breathing holes of seals for hunting and to protect families from musk oxen and polar bears..

In the Decade of 1920, the Canadian Eskimo remained closely associated with the Inuit culture, With almost 20.000 Eskimos working alongside men in the northern territories. But, this golden age was not going to last. In effect, the arrival of the snowmobile in the years 60, the massive and systematic killing of Inuit dogs by the Canadian government (officially, for public health reasons – unofficially, say some, to intimidate and forcibly assimilate Inuit peoples, eliminating their main work tool and a symbol of their culture), the introduction of new breeds of sled dogs such as the Siberian Husky, as well as a certain vulnerability to the diseases that these latter bring., are literally decimating purebred Canadian Eskimo populations. In 1963, there was only one Canadian Eskimo Dog registered in the breeding book of the Canadian Kennel Club, which then declared the race extinct.

This statement proved premature. But, it did not count on the tenacity of William Carpenter, Bill Thompson, John McGrath (founders of the Research Foundation of the Canadian Eskimo Dog) and Brian Ladoon (breeder and musher, that is to say, sled driver). With government support to preserve Inuit cultural heritage, the quartet undertook an expedition to the most remote regions of the Canadian Arctic in order to find purebred Canadian Eskimos. Their efforts paid off and, thanks to the specimens unearthed in the Inuit villages, a breeding program was launched. few years later, in 1970, there was nothing less than 200 animals. Today, this figure reaches the 300 individuals around the world.

Although the United Kennel Club American recognized the Canadian Eskimo as a race in its own right in 1996, was not up 2018, year in which the breed was recognized by the International Cynological Federationand (FCI) and Central Canine Society, when the breed really came to the forefront of the canine world and the general public and enlightened fans learned not only about the qualities of this dog, but also the precariousness of its existence.

But, although some specimens have crossed the Atlantic to the United Kingdom, the spread of the breed remains for the time being essentially limited to Canada and the United States, and even there, the breeders of Canadian Eskimo Dog they are still scarce.

At first sight, it is clear why the Canadian Eskimo has helped the Inuit people for so long. Strength, power, resistance and vigor are the first adjectives that come to mind when describing this dog capable of constant effort in difficult environmental conditions.

The Canadian Eskimo is of medium build, with a strong neck and chest, but with legs of medium height. With its well defined bones and muscles, his powerful and majestic physique reflects that he is mainly a very resistant dog, not very fast. It should be noted in passing that females are slightly smaller and less muscular than males.

It is also interesting to note that the Canadian Eskimo is quickly big enough to work: although it does not reach full maturity until around the 3 years of age, it is capable of transporting loads from the 7 months. Puppies are often described as miniature adults, with the ears upright and upright on the skull and the tail coiled from the third week.

Like most of the Spitz, the head of the Canadian Eskimo is angular and elevated, with straight, thick ears. The eyes are placed at an angle and give the animal a serious attitude. The bushy tail is carried high or curled on the back.

The coat of the Canadian Eskimo It is thick, with a smooth top layer and a dense and uniform wool bottom layer, providing optimal thermal insulation for adverse weather conditions. This makes them one of the most cold-adapted dog breeds.. Males also have a long mane that covers the neck and shoulders. Females usually have the shortest upper layer, which contributes to give the impression of a finer animal.

The breed standard does not allow smooth fur. So, the Canadian Eskimo must always have a coat with a combination of colors, without the distribution of one color taking precedence over the others:

• Completely white fur with pigmentation around the eyes, on the nose and lips (is not an albino);
• white coat with only a very small amount of red, buff (including cinnamon shading), gray or black around the ears and eyes;
• white coat with red markings, beige, cinnamon, gray or black around the ears and eyes, or the head completely marked with these colors, sometimes with small spots of the same color on the body, usually around the hips or on the flank;
• Red and white, or buff and white, or cinnamon and white, or black and white, with a distribution to 50% of each of the two colors in the different parts of the body;
• red or beige or cinnamon, with white on the chest and/or on the legs and lower part of the body;
• Sabre body or black or dark gray, with white on the chest and/or on the legs, under the body, occasionally extended to the neck like a gola;
• silvery grey or greyish white fur;

Brown bottom layer and black top layer.

The white mask shaded around the eyes and/or around the nose, with or without dots above the eyes, it is a common physical characteristic in dogs with a well-defined color on the head. Very rarely, the dots above the eyes, as well as the cheek marks, can be buff-colored, adding a third color to a normally bicolored dog.

▷ Male size: 58 to 70 cm.
▷ female size: 50 to 60 cm.
▷ Male weight: 30-40 kg
▷ female weight: 18-30 kg

The character of Canadian Eskimo reflects the harsh environmental conditions in which he lives and the work that dots his daily life. So, it is closer to the wild animal domesticated by the tribal peoples in a logic of labor collaboration than to a real pet overflowing with affection for its master. Intelligent, brave, but always on guard, so sometimes it may seem distant.

This does not prevent this dog from being gentle and affectionate with his family, or express a friendly curiosity towards strangers your family welcomes. But moderation remains the key word for him.. The Canadian Eskimo rarely celebrates his master, although he does not hesitate to ask for a caress as a sign of recognition. As a pack dog, is fiercely loyal to his master, whom he considers the leader of the clan, and is less distant with it. Beware who shows signs of animosity towards this leader: the Canadian Eskimo it will quickly remind you of the meaning of the word respect, with many grunts.

The herds of Canadian Eskimo have a reputation for being very organized. From time to time some fights and scratches may occur, but it is not a sign of serious struggle or rebellion against the established leader.

It also, unlike many recent dog breeds, the Canadian Eskimo has retained a very sharp hunting instinct. The slightest encouragement, either the food, the start of a game or a fight, gives rise to a quick and very enthusiastic response by this dog. In fact, this dog is more suitable for a family of adults and should never be left with children, as this could lead to unintentional injury. You can live with dogs that do not belong to your herd, but with some reservations, since he tends to regard any animal smaller than him as a prey to devour rather than as a companion with whom to live. The cats, rodents and small dogs will be tested if they have to cohabit with it.

Last, as an outdoor dog par excellence, who appreciates cold temperatures and prefers to sleep outdoors if given the opportunity, the Canadian Eskimo is not at all a breed of dog adapted to a floor. They need to spend many hours outside each day to maintain their physical and mental fitness.. Sporty and hyperactive dog, used to pulling sleds, the ideal for him is to have a master as tough as him. In other words, it is a perfect companion for those who want to practice cani-rando, cani-mountain biking, ski joering, canikart… Without physical activity up to their capabilities, becomes a destructive and/or aggressive dog.

Last, being a very intelligent dog, is the king of escapes and mischief. There is no delicate plant or reinforced fence that resists it. If you have decided to be a runaway dog, it will be very difficult to stop.

The Canadian Eskimo has excellent physical dispositions that make it resistant to many of the genetic diseases that are common in dogs of similar breeds.

But, although they are a force of nature in their natural environment, are more susceptible to parasites and skin diseases that develop in warmer temperatures. Thus, it's important not to forget dog vaccine reminders, and give regular preventive treatment against ticks and fleas.

It also, like many Nordic dogs, has predisposition to the following diseases:

– Hip Dysplasia
– waterfalls
– Arthritis;
– gastric torsion;
– entropion.

10 – 15 years

Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "Canadian Eskimo Dog" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

• FCI CLASSIFICATION:
• Group :
• Section : . .

Federations:

• – FCI – Group 5 – Section 1 Nordic Sledge Dogs. ⓘ
• – CKC – Nordic Sledge Dogs ⓘ

Use:

For centuries this breed was used as a draft animal and was able to drag between 45 and 80 kg. per dog covering distances of 15 to 70 miles per day. It was also used as a hunting dog, to locate seal breathing holes for Inuit hunters. As a hunting dog, it also attacked and kept at bay the musk ox and the polar bear for the Inuit hunters.. In summer, The dog was used as a pack dog that could carry up to 15 kg.

General appearance:

The Canadian Eskimo Dog is a dog of moderate size, powerful build, with thick neck and chest and medium length legs. Typical of the Spitz family of dogs, has a wedge-shaped head with tall thick ears. The eyes are set obliquely giving a serious appearance. The dog has a bushy tail raised or curled over its back. About the same height at the hips as at the withers, medium to large in size and muscular, the dog displays a majestic and powerful physique that gives the impression that it is not made for speed but for hard work. Above all, the body must be muscular and not fat. Females will have a smaller and less muscular body than males. In the winter, the body is covered with an outer layer of straight or erect hair; underneath is a dense low-voltage layer that allows the animal to easily withstand the rigors of high latitudes. A mane-like growth of longer hair will appear over the neck and shoulder in male specimens.. The entire conformation of the Canadian Eskimo Dog must be one of strength, power and endurance balanced with agility, vigilance and audacity. The female of the breed will usually have a shorter coat than the male and will always be significantly smaller than the male.. Like young bitches, will be more boneless, among other things, with a narrower head that tends to produce a friendlier face than with men. Both males and females of the breed are known to have a rapid growth rate reaching working size around seven months. But, the maturation process extends to at least three years of age, giving them a very majestic look. The cubs have often been described as miniature adults, with erect ears and a curly tail at young ages between three and five weeks. There may be occasional periods during the adolescent growth stages when the ears may not be fully erect., but it is important to note that the Canadian Eskimo Dog's ears do not have the same gradual growth of erectness around four months of age., as seen in some other breeds.

important proportions:

The width of the forehead between the ears of males shall be 5 to 6 inches (13 to 15 cm.). In females, the distance will be 4-1 / 2 – 5-1 / 2 inches (11-14 cm.).

The temperament of the Canadian Eskimo Dog should reflect the tough, hardworking breed that it is. It should not be viewed as a domestic pet, but as a primitive dog originally domesticated by the Inuit for specific tasks in a harsh arctic environment. In general, mature canadian eskimo dog is kind and affectionate to the average guy, enjoying the attention. Even with strangers, dogs are rarely distant. Usually, exhibit fairly calm friendship and harmless curiosity or become completely distant. The dog is very pack oriented and, if raised as a group, dominant and subordinate roles will be played under the leadership of a fully dominant or boss dog. Behavior within a group or herd is generally well structured and controlled, but it is not uncommon to see battle scars or torn ears on dogs that originate from breeding areas where dogs are raised in groups or packs.. Compared to modern domestic breeds, The Canadian Eskimo Dog has an almost excessive response to any stimulus, either food, work, defense or game. For this reason, the dog should be a companion for adults and should not be considered a child's pet.

Head:

Skull: Massive but well proportioned being wide and wedge-shaped. Although it is often described as a species of wolf, the head of the canadian eskimo dog has a higher forehead. Immature females will have a much narrower skull than the male.

facial region:

• Truffle: The pigmentation of the nose will vary from black to light brown (especially in lighter colored dogs with red, cream or cinnamon on the body). Butterfly noses, sometimes they appeared with light brown noses.
• Snout: Tapered and medium length.
• Belfos: Black or brown with pink.
• Mwalking / Teeth: The jaws are heavy and powerful and have large teeth with well-developed canine teeth.. The incisors meet in a scissor bite.
• Eyes: In general, dark colored but hazel or yellow eyes will appear in the breed. They are small, widely spaced and set obliquely on head, which tends to look much wilder and more deceptive than the dog deserves.
• Ears: Short, thick and slightly rounded ends. They are carried erect, they turn forward and cover themselves with dense short hair.

Neck:

Body:

• Generality: About the same height at the hips as at the withers.
• Back: The spine when felt through the hair body is well pronounced.
• Pork loin: Well developed.
• Breast : Deep, wide and well muscled.
• bottom line: There is very little flank curve Very little flank curve.

Tail:

Tips

Former members

• Shoulder: Large, obliquely fitted with moderate musculature.
• Forearm: Straight, but may appear to be leaning, due to the well-developed triceps muscle above and behind the elbow and the pronounced muscle in the forearm.
• Front feet: Large, almost round, well bowed, with thick pads that are well arranged between them; However, under extremely cold winter conditions, this fur will grow to be too long to cover the bottom of the pads.

Later members

• Generality: The hips can appear as pronounced and bony as the spine, and they are approximately the same height as the cross.
• Thigh: The legs will be very muscular and the width of the thigh will carry well towards the hock..
• Knee: Well folded.
• Hock: From the back, the legs will appear straight with the hocks turning in and out.
• Rear feet: Similar in design to the front but slightly longer.

Movement:

Mantle

Skin

Should feel thick and resilient.

Fur: Subject to an annual molt, usually in August or September, the coat is thick and dense and the guard hairs are hard and rigid. This outer layer will vary from 3-6 inches (7-15 cm.) length. In males it will occur in a mane-like growth on the shoulder and neck, which makes the male appear much larger in size and taller at the withers than he actually is. The inner layer is very dense to provide excellent protection during the most extreme winter conditions. During the molt, This condition will release in clusters over a period of a few days. Females will generally have a shorter coat partly due to the additional shedding that will occur after the pups are born..

Color

No one color or color pattern should dominate the breed with the Canadian Eskimo Dog color and color patterns ranging from:

• (to) A completely white body with pigmentation around the eyes, nose and lips (for example, not albino).
• (b) White body with only the smallest amount of red, beige (including shades of cinnamon), gray or black around the ears or eyes.
• (c) White bodies with red heads, polished, cinnamon, gray or black marks around the ears and eyes or the entire head and the occasional small spot of the same color on the body, usually around the hip or flank.
• (d) Red and white, or cream and white, or tan and white or black and white with a distribution of approximately 50/50 of the two colors, in various parts of the body.
• (and) Red body or soft body or tan body with white on the chest and / o legs and lower body.
• (f) Saber or black body or dark gray body with white on the chest and / or legs and lower body that occasionally extend around the neck in the form of a necklace.
• (g) Silver gray or greyish white body.
• (h) Polished to brown under with black guard hairs.

Very common for dogs with solid color over most of the head is a white mask around the eyes and / or muzzle with or without white spots on the eyes. Very rarely, the spots over the eyes, as well as the marks on the cheeks, will be buff color, which will add a third color to an animal that normally has two colors.

Size and weight:

• Height to the cross: Males: 58-70 cm., females: 50-60 cm..
• Weight: Males: 30-40 kg, females: 18-30 kg.

Fouls:

Any deviation from the above mentioned criteria is considered to lack, and the severity of this is considered the degree of deviation from the standard and its consequences on the health and well-being of the dog and the dog's ability to perform its traditional task.

Serious misconduct

• Head: square muzzle or loose lips, round or bulging eyes.
• Neck: Long and thin.
• Body: Narrow chest, over all lack of muscle, excess fat, sloping back, coarseness or lack of finer bones in bitches.
• Legs: thin, fine boned or set beef.
• Pies: flat or open.
• Shelter: Short, off prime.

disqualifying fouls:

• Aggressive or overly shy dogs.
• Blue eyes.
• Floppy ears, the exception is the ears torn by battle.
• Trim or alter the coat using scissors.
• There is no evidence of a curly or upright tail in male dogs (recognizing that a tail may occasionally hold down as a sign of subordination or stress).
• Excess under or excess jaw.

• Any dog ​​showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities must be disqualified..
• The aforementioned fouls that are more pronounced or more marked are eliminatory..
• Males should have two normal-appearing testicles fully descended into the scrotum..
• Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with the typical conformation of the breed, should be used for parenting.

1. Canadian Inuit Dog, Qimmiq, Canadian Husky (English).
2. Inuit canadien, Qimmiq (French).
3. Canadian Eskimo Dog (German).
4. (em inglês: Canadian Eskimo Dog), Qimmiq (Portuguese).
5. (español).