The Emma's Parakeet(Pyrrhura emma) is a bird, mostly, green, with blue in the wings, reddish-brown in rump, on tail and in the back; Scaled plumage chest yellowish color on a gray background olive; wings with red shoulder, inconspicuous.
The face red plum, while the pileum It is brown and gray forecrown blue. Abdomen with dark red stain, tail with green base, edge red and below all red.
Eye ring grey, cheeks red with white spot on ears. Bill dark. It has no sexual dimorphism.
They can be seen in hill forests in the coastal mountain range in Venezuela, in humid forests and edges as well as in adjacent clearings with sparse trees and groves (pit et to the., 1997).
Usually it moves in flocks, on quick flights up 25 specimens, before landing in the canopy.
Reproduction:
There is insufficient information regarding reproduction and feeding. Breeding season probably between May and July. Period of incubation: 24-25 days.
Food:
They have been observed eating flowers of Ochroma and nectar (Hilty 2003).
Distribution:
Size of its range (reproduction / resident): 88.300 km2
The Emma's Parakeet inhabits forested areas of the northern coastal range Venezuela, from Yacacuy and Carabobo until Miranda, and disjuntamente from Anzoรกtegui to Sucre and northern part of Monagas (Del Hoyo et al., 1997, Juniper and Parr 1998, Hilty 2003, Forshaw 2006).
It is mainly found at altitudes 250-1.700 m, but you can see at sea level in eastern Sucre (Hilty 2003), where is quite common (Hilty 2003, P. Boesman in a bit., 2006). Its distribution within this range is complex and disjoint, found especially in mountainous terrain at lower elevations (Hilty 2003).
Conservation:
โข Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.
โข Population trend: Decreasing.
Justification of the population
State of conservation โ
Minor Concern โ(UICN)โ
Apparently, the population size of this species has not been quantified.
Justification of trend
The capture for trade and changes in land use may be causing a decrease in population of this species, although the trend has not been quantified, and none of these is considered serious threats to this species today(CJ Sharpe a slightly. 2014).
Conservation Actions Underway
They live in several national parks (P. Boesman in a bit., 2006), with a "substantial" population in the Guatopo National Park, Miranda (Juniper and Parr 1998, Hilty 2003).
Conservation Actions Proposed
Continue to monitor this species in the field and in trade.
Strengthen the network of protected areas within the range of this species.
"Emma's Parakeet" in captivity:
Very rare in captivity. Very intelligent, active and playful. They are very aggressive with other species. Price per couple: 400 EUR.
The Yellow-lored Parrot(Amazona xantholora) has the lores and a close frontal band, bright yellow; most of the forecrown and crown, are white; the back of the crown is blue; band wide around the eyes, including upper cheeks, bright red; ear-coverts dark gray.
Top green grass with prominent black tips on feathers giving a scalloped appearance, although uppertail-coverts are yellowish-green. Primary coverts red; remaining coberteras (especially smaller and medium), green with black tips. Flight feathers mostly blue with a green base at primaries. Under the wings, bluish green. Underparts green with black tips on breast feathers, although undertail-coverts are yellowish-green; at the top, the tail is green; below green with yellowish tip and the outer feathers red.
Bill yellow-horn; irises yellow; legs grey.
In this species sexual dimorphism. The female has the crown blue (nonwhite), little or no red around the eye, and primary coverts green. The immature They are like female but with lores paler yellow and crown pale blue.
In Yucatan, the Yellow-lored Parrot They live mostly in the tropical deciduous forest, probably avoiding dense rain forests. But, their exact preferences are unknown due to the difficulty of distinguishing the White-fronted Parrot(Amazona albifrons). Observed in pine forests and mixed forests of pines and oaks Quercus in the North of Belice, and pine forests in the highlands in Roatan.
They are distributed at altitudes between 100 and 250 m.
Usually views in flocks, to form communal roosts coming up 1.500 birds from roosting and dispersed in small herds forage.
Reproduction:
They lay their nests in tree cavities on agricultural land and around cornfields where dead trees have been left standing after forests have been cleared and burned. also can nest in cracks of trees, rock walls or termiteros.
It has been observed to Yellow-lored Parrot in breeding condition in March in the yucatan peninsula, and young in the nest in April-May Belice. The laying is of 1 to 3 eggs; the incubation similar in duration to that of White-fronted Parrot(Amazona albifrons), that is to say, of 25 to 28 days.
Food:
Foods reported include guilt of Acacia gaumeri, corn and citrus. The Yellow-lored Parrot They feed mainly in the treetops.
Distribution:
Size of its range (reproduction / resident): 157.000 kilometros2
The Yellow-lored Parrot It is found mainly in the Eastern and Central parts of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, in Yucatan, Campeche and Quintana Roo; in the northern parts of Belice; and in the islands of Cozumel (Mexico) and possibly Roatan (Honduras), where the recent field work could not confirm its current (or previous) existence. Common to quite common in the East of Yucatan and in Cozumel, but considered quite rare in some other parts (especially at the edges) Mexican range. It is thought to be scarcer than the White-fronted Parrot(Amazona albifrons) with which it is closely related, although in some areas, the Yellow-lored Parrot it's more common, especially towards the center of its range.
Live in several areas protected. Situation in Northern Belice unknown.
Conservation:
State of conservation โ
Minor Concern โ(UICN)โ
โข Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.
โข Population trend: Stable.
โข Population size: 20,000-49,999.
Justification of the Red List of the Category
This species has a range very large, and therefore not approaching the thresholds for vulnerable under the criterion of size range (extent of occurrence <20.000 km2 combinan con un tamaรฑo gama disminuciรณn o fluctuante, hรกbitat medida / calidad, o de la poblaciรณn tamaรฑo y un pequeรฑo nรบmero de lugares o fragmentaciรณn severa). La population trend appears to be stable, and therefore the species does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable according to the population trend criteria. (> 30% decrease of more than ten years or three generations). The population size It can be moderately small to large, but are not believed to approach the thresholds for Vulnerable based on population size criteria (<10.000 individuos maduros con una disminuciรณn continua estima en> 10% in ten years or three generations, or with a specific population structure). For these reasons, the species was evaluated as Least concern.
Population justification
Partners in Flight estimates the population at fewer than 50.000 individuals (A. they Panjabi a slightly. 2008), by what is placed in the band 20,000-49,999 individuals here.
Justification trend
The population suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence of any reduction or substantial threats.
Threats
The main threats to this species are the deforestation, the catch eggs and chicks directly from their nests, just like him illegal trade adult individuals. Moreover and, considering the differential distribution of this species within the Peninsula, You may think that areas are susceptible to drastic declines in these species (Beissinger and Snyder 1992).
The Yellow-lored Parrot in captivity:
Very rare in captivity. Convention CITES regulates international trade under the Appendix II (Species not necessarily threatened with extinction, but in which trade must be controlled in order to avoid utilization incompatible with their survival).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World โ Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Naturalist
– Photos:
(1) – Amazon Yucatan, Mexico, Quintana Roo, Xcaret By philippe from FRANCE, You can search by name, by commission or family for birds and insects, using tags [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – A female Yellow-lored Amazona also known as the Yucatan Amazona at Xcaret Eco Park, Quintana Roo, Mexico. By philippe from FRANCE, You can search by name, by commission or family for birds and insects, using tags [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Amazona species xantholora. His name is Poll By GuillermoPech (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Yellow-lored Amazon By Andreas Mueller Pfgst (Picture yourself created) [GFDL or CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Yellow-Lored Parrot by James Diedrick – Flickr
(6) – Chrysotis xantholora = Amazona xantholora by Joseph Smit [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
23 cms. length and 84 g. of weight.
The Sulphur-winged Parakeet(Pyrrhura hoffmanni) It, mostly, green with some individual variations in plumage.
It has a distinctive tail long and round about ear-coverts crimson red. Yellow at the top of the wings, largely hidden when the bird is at rest, but perfectly visible in flight.
The feathers of the forecrown, crown, cheeks and nape, They are green with yellow centers (the proportion of the yellow color is higher in the forecrown, lower in the back of the crown). Above predominantly green, It is the leading edges of the wings, sometimes, yellow. The lesser coverts and median are, generally, green, sometimes with some yellow in outer median coverts and feathers alula.
Yellow at the base of the outerweb of the greater coverts. Outerwebs of primaries, to a great extent, blue; primaries and secondaries with bright yellow patch, especially on the basis of innerwebs; flight feather with black tips. Under, the wings with the lesser coverts green, the majors, greenish yellow; a central portion flight feather yellowed with greyish tips.
Chin reddish; throat, sides neck and the top chest, green with yellow tips on feathers, which gives an overall light effect Scaled. The belly, the flanks and undertail-coverts, are green. Upper, the tail is green, below, reddish.
The bill and cere They are pink colored horn; bare periophthalmic white or yellowish white; the irises brown; legs pale grey.
Both sexes are similar, but the male player has yellow stripes on pens crown.
The Immature It has less yellow in head, the chest and wings.
Sound of the Sulphur-winged Parakeet.
Subspecies description:
Pyrrhura hoffmanni gaudens
(Bangs, 1906) – Very similar to nominal, although feathers crown and nape They have yellower, with their ends red or red and orange (in some birds, red ends of the feathers may extend over the back, the throat and the chest). Underparts slightly darker.
Observed, mainly, in mountainous areas, preferring montane forests in the subtropical zone, mainly 1.000 to 2.400 meters above sea level, although views 550 meters in the region Admiral's Bay, Panama and a 3.000 metres in Costa Rica.
They appear to tolerate a considerable disturbance of habitat, including managed forests, areas and the second growth partially cleared, forests and wooded pasture shrubs. Usually seen in pairs or small flocks of 5-15 birds. You can perform altitudinal movements daily to feed, returning to the mountains to rest. Forage occurs in the canopy or smaller trees and bushes near the edge of the woods.
Reproduction:
They nest in tree hollows, including old nests woodpeckers, to 8-20 meters of land. With reproduce dry season (January June). Clutch six eggs in captivity.
Extending its range (players / residents): 18.400 km2
Confined south of Costa Rica and western Panama.
The species is found in the highlands of the southern half of Costa Rica, including the slopes of Caribbean, the mountains of the central plateau south and the two sides of the Cordillera de Talamanca, sometimes the region Cartago and Paradise and the Irazu volcano.
In western Panama They are mainly distributed in the west and center chiriqui and areas adjacent in Bull's mouths, in the highest mountains (including the chiriqui volcano and the high ridges on Boquette) and at lower elevations around, for example, of the Chirรญqui Lagoon and Admiral Bay.
The easternmost Panamanian registry was found east of the central mountain range in 1868.
Some altitudinal movements (higher in the dry season). Birds are perhaps only sporadic in the extremities of their range. Apparently, It is common in the middle to high elevations of the Cordillera de Talamanca and in isolated areas, and it is believed to be quite numerous throughout the main range.
Its habitat It is now highly fragmented, though still apparently numerous, even in areas where the forest is partly cloudy. Rare in captivity.
โข Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.
โข Population trend: Stable.
โข Population size : Unknown.
Rationale for the Red List category
Although this species may have a small range, it is not believed that approximates the thresholds for Vulnerable under the criteria of size range (Extension <20,000 km2 combinada con un tamaรฑo de rango decreciente o fluctuante, extensiรณn / calidad del hรกbitat o tamaรฑo de la poblaciรณn y un pequeรฑo nรบmero de lugares o fragmentaciรณn severa). La trend of the population It appears to be stable, so that the species does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the criteria of population trend (> 30% decline over ten years or three generations). The population size It has not been quantified, but it is not believed to be close to the thresholds for Vulnerable under the criterion of population size (<10.000 individuos maduros con un declive continuo estimado> 10% in ten years or three generations or a population structure). For these reasons, the species is evaluated as Least Concern.
Justification of the population
The size of the world's population has not been quantified, but this species is described as ยซquite commonยป (Stotz et to the., 1996).
Justification of trend
They suspected that the population of Catana Cotorra is stable in absence of evidence of any decline or threatens substantial.
"Sulphur-winged Parakeet" in captivity:
Rare in captivity. Quieter than other parakeets. In Panama the export of these birds is prohibited from 1980.
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World โ Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Photos:
(1) – Sulphur-winged Parakeet (Pyrrhura hoffmanni). Photographed at Savegre, in Costa Rica By Dominic Sherony [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Parakeet HOFFMAN (Pyrrhura hoffmanni) Loro Parque, Tenerife by ZOOTOGRAFIANDO
(3) – A Sulphur-winged Parakeet at Savegre, Costa Rica By Dominic Sherony [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Sulphur-winged Parakeet (Pyrrhura hoffmanni) at Savegre Lodge, near San Gerardo, Costa Rica By Michael Woodruff [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Sulphur-winged Parakeet or Hoffmannโs Conure (Pyrrhura hoffmanni) by elite-pets
(6) – Conurus hoffmanni = Pyrrhura hoffmanni by Joseph Smit [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
Of 25-30 cm. length; 70-169 grams and a wingspan of 46 cm..
The plumage of the Rainbow Lorikeet(Trichoglossus moluccanus) is very bright. The head is deep blue with a neck greenish-yellow and the rest of the upperparts (wings, back and tail) are deep green. The chest is red with blue-black barring.. The belly is deep green, and the thighs and rump are yellow with deep green barring.. In flight, a yellow wing-bar contrasts clearly with the red underwing-coverts.
There is little to visually distinguish between the sexes; However, for an acute observer, their dimorphism is readily apparent.
The youth has bill black, which gradually brightens to orange in the adults..
The markings of Trichoglossus moluccanus resemble of the Coconut Lorikeet(Trichoglossus haematodus), but with a belly blue and breast with little or no blue-black barring..
Rainbow Lorikeet taxonomy
With one exception, the species have been treated so far as a group of subspecies within the extended group Coconut Lorikeet(Trichoglossus haematodus), but they differ from the Trichoglossus haematodus her pale red breast without bars ; its blue belly against green or blackish; its pale blue hood without black edge and its larger size.
The subspecies Trichoglossus moluccanus eyrei (South of Australia) It is included within the species nominal. Small hybrid population of present species paired with the Musk Lorikeet(Glossopsitta concinna) in SE Southern Australia (Yorke Peninsula).
Sound of the Rainbow Lorikeet. (1)
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(Robinson, 1900) – As the species nominal but with brighter purple/blue stripes on the head and tail shorter.
Habitat:
The Rainbow Lorikeet often they travel together in pairs and occasionally respond to calls to fly like a flock, then they disperse again in pairs. Couples aggressively defend their feeding and nesting against other lstallion arcoiris and other bird species. Not only they scare off smaller birds, as the Noisy Miner(Manorina melanocephala) and the Brush Wattlebird(Anthochaera chrysoptera), but also to larger, as the Australian Magpie(Gymnorhina tibicen).
Reproduction:
In Australia, Reproduction usually takes place during spring (from September to December), but it may vary from one region to another with changes in food availability and climate. Sites nesting They are variable and may include gaps as tall trees eucalyptus, trunks of palm trees or overhanging rocks.
Couples sometimes nest in the same tree with other couples Rainbow Lorikeet or other species of birds. The clutch size is between one and three eggs, which are incubated for about 25 days. Incubation tasks are performed by the female alone.
The Rainbow Lorikeet are mostly monogamous and remain paired for long periods, if not for life.
Extension of the distribution (breeding/resident): 3,810,000 km2
Endemic East and Southeast Australia (of Cape York to the Eyre Peninsula, South of Australia)
They were recorded for the first time in Perth in 1968 and the population is believed to have come from fewer than ten birds that were deliberately released or had escaped from aviaries.
Since the beginning of the decade 1960, the population has grown exponentially and has spread rapidly throughout 174 km2 metropolitan area. The current population is estimated at 8.400 birds and their range is expanding at a rate of 0,7 km per year.
(Robinson, 1900) – North of Queensland (Cape York Peninsula), in northwestern Australia; also the Torres Strait Islands (Boigu and Saibai except, at the north end) and it was introduced in the district of Perth, in southwest Australia..
Conservation "Rainbow Lorikeet":
1. Current red list category of the UICN: Least concern.
2. The population trend: Decreasing.
3. Population size : Unknown.
Rationale for the Red List category
This species has a extremely large distribution area, and therefore does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the criteria of size range (Extent of Occurrence <20,000 km2 combined with a decreasing area size or fluctuating distribution, extension / habitat quality, or population size and a small number of places or severe fragmentation). While the trend of the population seems to be decreasing, the decline is not believed to be rapid enough to approach the Vulnerable thresholds according to the population trend criterion (decrease of more than 30% in ten years or three generations).
The population size has not been quantified, but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the criterion of population size (<10.000 mature individuals with an estimated continuous decrease in> 10% in ten years or three generations, or with a specific population structure). For these reasons, the species is assessed as Least concern.
Justification of the population
Global population size has not been quantified, but the species is described as abundant in northern Australia and rare Tasmania(pit et to the. 1997).
Justification trend
They suspected that the population is declining due to unsustainable levels of exploitation.
Rainbow Lori Threats
The species has been the subject of a intense trade: from 1981, When it was included in the Appendix II of the CITES, they have been 100.388 individuals caught in international trade (UNEP-WCMC CITES Trade Database, January 2005).
In captivity:
Not very common. Its longevity It 20 years en libertad, 15-25 years in captivity and its market price is around wild birds 250 EUR.
Alternative names:
– Rainbow Lorikeet, Rainbow Lorikeet (Rainbow) (English).
– Loriquet ร tรชte bleue (de Swainson), Loriquet ร tรชte bleue (moluccanus), Loriquet arc-en-ciel, Loriquet de Swainson (French).
– Regenbogenlori (German).
– Lรณris-molucano, Periquito-arco-รญris (moluccanus) (Portuguese).
– Lori arcoiris, Lori de Arco Iris (espaรฑol).
(1) – A Rainbow Lorikeet Trichoglossus moluccanus in Melbourne, Australia by Alfred Sin [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Rainbow Lorikeet Trichoglossus moluccanus on a garden bird feeder, Sydney, Australia by Tim Douglas from Sydney, Australia [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Rainbow Lorikeets (Trichoglossus moluccanus) feeding frenzy South Molle Island, Airlie Beach, Central Queensland, AUSTRALIA by Bernard DUPONT – Flickr
(4) – Rainbow Lorikeet (Trichoglossus moluccanus) Kangaroo Flat, Vic by patrickkavanagh – Flickr
(5) – Rainbow Lorikeet Trichoglossus moluccanus, Daintree Village, Queensland, Australia by JJ Harrison (jjharrison89@facebook.com) [GFDL or CC BY 3.0], from Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Rainbow Lorikeets Trichoglossus moluccanus in Broulee, New South Wales, Australia by Steve Shattuck from Canberra, Australia [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – Trichoglossus moluccanus by Skitterphoto [CC0], via Wikimedia Commons
(8) – Rainbow lorikeet, Trichoglossus moluccanus, Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne, Australia by Derek Keats from Johannesburg, South Africa [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(9) – Rainbow Lorikeets Trichoglossus moluccanus at a bird feeder in Narooma, New South Wales, Australia by Robyn Jay [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(10) – A digital image of Trichoglossus moluccanus, by the esteemed scientific illustrator Ferdinand Bauer [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
17 to 19 cm.. height.
The Mountain Parakeet(Psilopsiagon aurifrons) is distinguishable by the face yellow and the belly yellow with dye-Green, bill pale, wing
with extreme blue (notorious is when closed), tail long. Bill and legs color clear. Iris black.
The female with face green and belly yellow-green.
Treated above as Bolborhynchus aurifrons.
(Berlioz & Dorst, 1956) – With very little or nothing of yellow and very little dimorphic sexual, they resemble females of the subspecies nominal and robertsi. The females sometimes have the bill grey;
Psilopsiagon aurifrons robertsi
(Carriker, 1933) – It has yellow only in the forecrown, sides bill, throat with green dye, and belly green with yellow line on the sides.
Psilopsiagon aurifrons rubrirostris
(Burmeister, 1860) – With mask facial blue sky and no sexual dimorphism
Habitat:
Video – "Mountain Parakeet" (Psilopsiagon aurifrons)
It is found in variety of ecosystems, forest in gallery, Puna and crops, from 1000 to 2900 m (sometimes from sea level up to 4500 m). It is possible to carry out local migration after reproduction. gregarious.
Reproduction:
Sometimes They nest colonially, in cracks or holes in inaccessible Rocky escarpments. breeding station: From October to December, North of Chile, February/March, Argentina.
Food:
It feeds on shoots, seeds, vegetables and fruits.
Distribution:
Size of the distribution (reproduction / resident): 820.000 km2
Can be found in the Centre and South of the Andes, from Peru until Argentina and Chile.
(Burmeister, 1860) – The sheds Andean of the Northwest Argentine, between Catamarca and Cรณrdoba, and South of Chile
Conservation:
State of conservation โ
Minor Concern โ(UICN)โ
โข Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.
โข Population trend: Stable.
This species has a very large range, and therefore not it approaches the threshold of Vulnerable on the criterion of size of the area.
The trend of the population seems to be stable, and therefore, the species is not approaching thresholds for vulnerable under the trend of criterion.
For these reasons, the species is evaluated as Least concern.
"Mountain Parakeet" in captivity:
Itรยดs rare in captivity. They are very susceptible to stress and disease, so many die during the process of acclimatization. It is good to acclimatize it in a large aviary with other birds. Prone to deficiency of vitamin D3.
Need of hiding places so that they may disappear from view.
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World โ Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Parrot Book, Parrots and macaws Neotropical
– Photos:
(1) – Mountain Parakeet; two in a cage By TJ Lin (originally posted to Flickr as mountain oarakeet) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Two Mountain Parakeets seen between Uquia to Yavi, Salta, Argentina By Ron Knight from Seaford, East Sussex, United Kingdom (Mountain ParakeetUploaded by snowmanradio) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
Origin: Brazil, Peru, Guyana, Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador, Venezuela
Character: Excitable
Life expectancy: 40 to 50 years
Height: 38 a 41cm.
Content
Description
38-41 cm.. tall and 370g. weight.
The Festive Parrot(Amazona festiva) has the cheeks and sides neck Green with strong blue diffusion; lores and a close frontal band red; feathers above and behind them eyes blue; Forehead rather yellowish green. Crown Green but darker; Feathers of the nape of color green with a band terminal dark. Mantle, scapulars, top of the back and uppertail-coverts dark green; Rump and the greater part of the low back bright red. Primary coverts Violet Blue. Other coverts dark green.
Edge carpal of the wing
and margin of the outerweb of the primaries, blue; innerwebs black; secondaries dark blue-tipped, secondaries more interior Green. Underwing-coverts green. Chin and throat blue; Breast
and belly green; coverts infra-flows brighter yellowish green. Tail green, of paler green yellowish at the tip; Trace reddish at the base of some feathers.
The bill color cuerno-marron; Iris yellow, legs dark grey.
Both sexes are similar.
Immature have irises dark and show a less intense color in the head. Its back low is practically Green; some of the pens outside of it tail they have a red base.
The Festive Parrot they attend primary and secondary lowland forests, mainly vรกrzea, swamp forest and River Islands, as well igapรณ (permanently flooded forest), usually are found near the water and can prevent forests of Earth firm, although also reported in gallery forests and savannahs with scattered trees.
Observed in cocoa plantations in Brazil. At altitudes of 500 metres in Colombia and 100 metres in Venezuela. Usually in small flocks with larger meetings occasionally reported. Flocks of up to 50 birds are about Leticia between the months of May-June. Tend to gather is by the afternoon and in the evening in products communal.
Reproduction:
It nests in hollow of trees dead between mayo to June.
A breeding pair averages 3 eggs in each clutch and the incubation period is generally about 28 days.
Food:
Usually in numerous flocks, little of its power is known.
Distribution:
The Festive Parrot found in the North of South America mainly as two large populations disjunct in the basins of the amazon and Orinoco.
A population occupies the Northwest of Guyana (very few records) and Venezuela in southern Apure in the Meta River and a half Orinoco to Delta Amacuro.
The second extends from parts of the lowlands of the East (Colombia including the lower part of the Casanare River, lower Meta River and Vaupes River towards the South through the amazon of Ecuador (where birds are reported in Napo River, but few recent records) and northeast of Peru, and further to the East through the West of Brazil, from Rio Branco, Black river and bottom of the Madeira river up to the Basin Amazon East in Amapรก and For and at the mouth of the amazon on Ilha Mexiana (where is its status uncertain).
Probably in its greater part resident, Although sporadic Bird on the edge of its distribution area in Ecuador and Guyana, They suggest seasonal movements outside their range, obviously low in Guyana and local in Venezuela, Ecuador and Peru, but more common in parts of the Amazonia occidental in Brazil and locally the Amazona more common in some areas Colombia (for example by of Leticia).
Pursued to the trade in live birds in parts of its area of distribution (for example, Peru). Its swampy habitat is not much in demand for agriculture, by what does not seems to have a contraction apparent large scale of its population.
Subspecies distribution:
Amazona festiva bodini
(Finsch, 1873) – It is from Colombia to the basin of the Orinoco of Venezuela
โข Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.
โข Population trend: Decreasing.
While it has declined locally, still fairly common throughout much of its range, and may even be close to cities as Manaus and Iquitos.
The size of the world population It has not been quantified, but this species is described as ยซRareยป
Consequently, is considered of least concern by BirdLife International and the IUCN , Although it was categorized as vulnerable in 2012, because of patterns of deforestation in the Amazon rainforest and the susceptibility to hunt, predicts that the population will decrease quickly during the next three generations.
Festive Parrot in captivity:
Very rare in captivity.
His temperament is extremely excitable. Males tend to be aggressive. Good to excellent imitator.
It feeds on the sunflower seeds or other provided you ,fruit, vegetables etc..
(1) – Festive Amazon at Loro Parque, Teneriffe By derivative work: Snowmanradio (talk)Festive_Amazon_BW. JPG: Berthold Werner (Festive_Amazon_BW. JPG) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – A Festive Amazon at Tulsa Zoo, USA. This subspecies is known as Bodinus’ Amazon By Christopher G from Tulsa Oklahoma, USA (Amazon Parrot) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – A pet Festive Amazon By Tutu … F. Lopes (originally posted to Flickr as โ ) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Two Festive Amazons in an aviary at a bird park in Kaluga Oblast, Russia. They are the subspecies Amazona festiva bodini, common name Bodinus’ Amazon. They are probably jostling for room on their perch By Remiz [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Festive Parrot By derivative work: Snowmanradio (talk)Amazona_festiva-8.jpg: frank wouters [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
It measures 35-40 cm.. and weighs approximately 500 g..
In the Little corella(Cacatua sanguinea), the head and crest (that most of the time stays low) are white. The pink base of the feathers are almost completely hidden and yet barely visible small flakes in the cheeks.
Dissemination of salmon-rosa color to the area around the eyes. The upperparts and coverts of the wing are white. There is a remarkable spread of yellow color on the bottom of the flight feather and of the tail.
The bill is grayish white. The skin nude around the eyes is blue grey. The irises is dark brown, the legs grey.
Both sexes are identical in all aspects, including the color of the irises.
The immature have a look more white and the skin of the periphery eyepiece less prominent.
(Sclater,PL, 1871) – Features with more naranja-rosa around them eyes and in the bases of the feathers of the head, neck and top of the chest. Its orbital skin is darker.
(Mees, 1982) – Displays below the wings and tail infiltrations slightly yellow pulling a Brown.
Cacatua sanguinea westralensis
(Mathews, 1917) – It has bright orange-red colors around the eyes and the bases of feathers, also in the the mantle and in the part inferior of the abdomen.
Habitat:
Video – "Little corella" (Cacatua sanguinea)
The spectacular BLOODED COCKATOO - BIRD VETERINARY
It nests in riparian forests bordering permanent pasture and cropland. In the breeding season, they can be found in a wide variety of habitats, including areas of acacias and eucalyptus bushes of short grass or pasture with groups of scattered trees. During this time, they are also present in the rice fields, cane extensions, areas of shrubs, at the edges of mangrove areas, in the pastures for horses, on roads and gardens on the outskirts of cities.
Behavior:
The Bloody Cockatoos they often form large gatherings in crops and pastures.
Out of it breeding season, It is not uncommon to see flocks of up to 70.000 birds.
At night they fly to their bedrooms, located near the water.
Early in the morning, they drink before heading to the feeding sites often many kilometres from the bedroom.
During the hottest hours of the day, they seek shelter in the shade of the leaves..
Reproduction:
In Australia they can be played back in any month of the year, When are conditions good. But, the nesting seems to be further developed early in the North (from May to October) and in the Southeast (August-December).
In Queensland, the implementation is carried out mainly from December to April and from July to October. Reproduction is strongly influenced by climate, usually begins 2 or 3 months after the end of the rainy season in northern districts.
There may be two or three broods per season. Couple ties are very strong and seem to last for life. They are loyal to the same nesting sites year after year. The nest is usually placed in a eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) between 3 and 10 meters above the ground.
The cavity is approximately one meter in depth. It is fairly easy to detect since crust is often removed around inlet. They also nest on cliffs or termite mounds..
They put 2-4 eggs in a bed made from chips of wood that is replaced each year.
In general, two chicks manage to break the shell after 25 days. They remain in the nest for nine weeks, After this take off.
Food:
It has a diet mainly vegetarian. They feed on seeds you are in the trees of the genus EMEX, green areas or fields of melon (cucumber myriocarpus). They also eat nuts, fruit, berries, flowers, estate, bulbs, shoots as well as insects and larvae.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 5.300.000 km2
The Little corella lives in New Guinea and Australia. In Australia, We found in the Northwest, on the plateau of Kimberley and Arnhem in the this of the Cape York Peninsula. They are absent from the east coast and the entire southwestern part of the country..
Subspecies distribution
Cacatua sanguinea gymnopis
(Sclater,PL, 1871) – Within the Centre and it's Australia.
โข Current IUCN Red List category: Least concern.
โข Population trend: Growing.
Its population is estimated at more than 1 million of birds and it believes that is in constant increase, especially in the South of Australia.
Its growth and expansion depends on the development of agriculture and the availability of artificial reservoirs. It is a Bird protected, except in the the Australia South. In this last area, the landowners are allowed to kill birds to prevent the formation of large destructive meetings for crops.
"Little corella" in captivity:
The Australian poultry to the blood cockatoo is it considered common.
They are very docile and Welcome to as pets, but you must pay them attention.
Of 33 cm.. length and an average weight of 475 g..
The Grey Parrot(Psittacus erithacus) is famous for its intelligence and ability to mimic sounds and human speech, so it is one of the most popular of all pets avian. It is one of the largest parrots in Africa.
They have the feathers of the lores, the cheeks, the frenyou and the crown silver grey, more clear tips. The of the the mantle and lower area of the back darker, slate gray with light margins, giving a scaly appearance; the lower area of the back and tail are silver grey. Upper wing coverts, secondaries and scapulars slaty-grey. Primaries grey dark (almost black), more clear below that top.
Wing feathers light grey, with the exception of the greater coverts that are of a dark grey tone.
feathers of the chest slate gray with pale gray margins fused with much lighter silver feathers on the belly; flanks and the thighs clear silver grey color.
Tail and their coverts, bright Scarlet.
Older birds they can show scattered red feathers between the plumage gray, especially in the the thighs and the belly.
The bill black; irises yellow; naked facial area with some fine white hairs; legs dark grey.
Without sexual dimorphism in the plumage.
Immature they have the tail darker red towards the tip, Grey dye in undertail- coverts and the irises grey.
(Alexander, 1909) – Very similar to the nominal, except that they are a little smaller. Some bird breeders argue that the Princeps is a regional type of Psittacus erithacus erithacus, instead of separate subspecies.
Habitat:
The Grey Parrot They inhabit the tropical jungle primary and secondary, the forest edges and clearings, gallery forest and mangroves; wooded Savannah, haunting, often, land cultivation and even gardens.
Partially confined in the lowlands, Although in the East of its range have been recorded at altitudes of 2.200 m.
They reach the highest densities in primary lowland forests, intermediate in the primary montane and lower density in plantation of coconut.
gregarious, they form large communal roosts of up to 10.000 individuals, often at some distance from the feeding areas.
Preferred places of shelter are trees or palm trees on the water, also islands in the rivers.
Are dispersed into smaller groups (until 30) to feed.
Reproduction:
The reproduction of the Grey Parrot takes place in loose colonies, in which each pair occupies its own tree. Individuals select their partners carefully and have a monogamous union of lifelong It begins at sexual maturity, between three and five years of age.
Few details are known about the courtship in nature, but have been observed and recorded flights of visualization around the nest cavities. The males feed their mates (power dating) and both sing soft monotonous notes. At this time the female goes to sleep to the nest cavity, While the male takes care of it.
In captivity, the Grey Parrot fed males to females after copulation events and both sexes participate in a mating dance in tipping its wings.
The nest they build it in the cavities of some tree (for example, Terminalia, Ceiba or Distemonathus), between 10 and 30 meters above the ground.
Sometimes breeds in colonies of up to several hundred couples loose (in Prince for example), but in most places they nest alone.
Breeding season varies with locality. In East africa, breeding has been recorded in the months of January-February and June-July, both in dry periods.
Young chicks have been released for sale from March onwards in Ghana. Other records suggest as a rule from the breeder, the dry season.
The females lay from three to five eggs, that you are in charge of incubate while they are powered entirely by the male. The incubation lasts approximately thirty days and the young man emerges from the nest at twelve weeks of age.
Food Loro Yaco:
Their diet consists of a variety of seeds, nuts, fruits and berries.
The fruit of the Palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) is her favourite in some areas, coming to bear its fruit over long distances before being consumed.
In Bioko, they prefer the berries of Tragacantha tail (Fam. Malvaceae).
They can be a pest, causing considerable damage to corn crops in some areas.
Loro distribution Yaco:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 2.760.000 km2
The Grey Parrot are distributed between the West and centre of Africa, of Guinea-Bissau and this from Sierra Leone, across the South of Mali, Ivory Coast, Ghana and Nigeria, until Cameroon, extending to Bioko and Islands Sao Tome and Principe in the gulf of guinea; from Gabon and the Congo through Zaire, Uganda and Western Kenya, the Southwest and East - Central of Zaire and Northwest of Tanzania.
Usually sedentary. Common where large extensions of forest persist and still abundant in some localities, especially in the tropical jungles of the Congo basin. But, due to the extensive loss of forests in some parts of the range (for example, of Nigeria to Sierra Leone) and the catch on a massive scale (the second best-selling parrot in the world in the Decade of 1980) There have been dramatic declines in some places (for example, in Liberia, Ghana, Kenya and around Kinshasa, Zaire, and other cities of the Congo basin).
The Grey Parrot They are protected by the convention CITES, consisting in annex II (species that may be threatened by a trade out of control).
If it is considered not threatened globally, the fact of being one of the species of the family Psittacidae (parrots and parakeets) most sold in the world makes its distribution is shrinking dramatically in certain places, its disappearance may be close in many of these areas according to the organization The World Parrot Trust [4].
The following data are quite illustrative in this respect:
1. In the period 1982-1989 It was the second psittacida then suffered more trade of Agapornis fischeri, with averages of more of 47.000 specimens exported from Africa annually [1].
2. The export quotas under the CITES agreement for psittacines are often not adjusted to scientific criteria due to the lack of detailed population studies and the annual renewal rates of the populations. [2].
3. Too often these quotas are widely exceeded by exporting countries.. These may include Cameroon exported 23.000 grays in 1996, When I had a share of 12.000! [2]. Although these facts to do that Cameroon could not legally exported in 1997, the current quota of 12.000 grays is exceeded with more of 15.000 all the years [5]. Another example, is the Republic of Congo, with an annual fee of 10.000 grays, that has also been sanctioned by the impossibility of exporting them in 2001 and 2002 by the large number of existing fraudulent export [6].
4. In the year 1999, the European Union imported (legally under the Convention CITES) from Africa 33.341 greys parrots, number only surpassed in this family by parrots of the genus Lovebirds (71.588 of Agapornis roseicollis, 63.867 of Agapornis fischeri and 33.720 of Agapornis personatus). Spain It was the second destination of these parrots grays, after Netherlands, imported 6.216 specimens [7].
5. There are specific areas Africa It supported much of the pressure from hunters of parrots for their trade. One of them is the area of Lobeke, in the southeast of Cameroon, where they hunt every year more than 15.000 grays, most of them die by mishandling in the capture and transport [5].
The aforementioned illegal trade is no stranger to our country, where was recently dismantled an international network of illegal import of this species from the Republic of Congo, who had brought to Spain at least 3.982 specimens from the year 1998 [7].
On the other hand, in some countries these birds are raised industrially for sale. This favours on the one hand the fact that decreases the importation of birds hunted in the wild [2], and on the other increases the number of birds on the market, and with it the chance of leaks or intentional releases, that they can get to colonize areas outside its area of distribution. An example of a Spanish company of these characteristics, among the many that are, It has more than 300 breeding pairs, can be found in [8].
References:
[1] NECKLACE, N.J.. 1997. Family Psittacidae (Parrots). In: Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 4. Sandgrouse to Cuckoos (Ed: J. pit, A. Elliot, J. Sargatal). Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. pp. 280-477.
[2] MAY, D.L.. 2001. Grey Parrots of the Congo Basin Forest. PsittaScene 13-2(47): 8-10.
[3] AALANGDONG, O.I., AUGUSTINE, S. 1999. Langyintuo. Crop damage by wildlife in Northern Ghana. Abstracts of the 2nd International Wildlife Management Congress, Gรถdรถllรถ, Hungary.
[4] The WPT 12. The World Parrot Trust. African Grey Parrot. www.worldparrottrust.org
[5] NGENYI, A. 2002. African Grey Parrot trade in Cameroon. PsittaScene 14-2(51): 2-3.
[6] El Periรณdico de Catalunya. Dismantled a network of trafficking in protected species in Barcelona. 11-11-2004.
[7] Report of Animal Aid. 2002. From Rainforest to Retail. Leading DIY chain and the horror of the wild bird trade.
[8] Psittacus Catalonia, SL. Information available in: www.psittacus.com
ยซLoro Yacoยป in captivity:
The ancient Egyptians already kept these birds as pets.. Later the Greeks and the Romans did the same.
While the Grey Parrot they can be good pets, If you have children in your home, buying a Grey Parrot It would be a bad idea, by both the Parrot and the children that can be easily damaged with its claws and beak.
The Grey Parrot can also be difficult for some people to maintain, This is probably due, Unlike other pets, because these are always active and should be checked several times a day. These parrots can be unordered, for example, When they are eating the seeds or other foods it is likely that they end up throwing debris out of the cage and even against the walls.
More Intelligent any dog, calls attention to the 24 hours of the day. His extreme intelligence and sensitivity takes you easily to the depression if it is unrequited.
It is a bird very long-lived, There are those who say that these animals can live 73 and up 93 years. More longevity record reliable, However, is a specimen that was still alive after 49,7 years. In captivity, these animals they tend to breed to the 5 years of age.
Their cages they must also be cleaned daily, due to their feces, they are totally inconsistent and appear in their feeders, toys, or anywhere else in the cage. Because of this, you have to wash the cages thoroughly to remove any odor and bacteria.
To the Grey Parrot like biting everything, and when I say everything, I say this seriously. They mostly enjoy chewing on pieces of wood, probably because they do in nature, However, be aware that they will chew everything at your fingertips, clothing, curtains, the skin of our sofas, etc. If you have many objects in the House, make sure they are in a safe place when you let your birds out of the cage.
Note: In the European Community and the United States this prohibited the marketing of these parrots if they have been captured in wild environments.
Alternative names ยซLoro Yacoยป:
– Grey or Timneh Parrot, African Gray Parrot, African Grey Parrot, Gray Parrot, Grey Parrot (English).
– Perroquet jaco ou P. de Timneh, Jacko, Perroquet gris, Perroquet gris du Gabon, Perroquet jaco (French).
– Graupapagei (German).
– papagaio-do-congo, Papagayo Cinzento, Jacco (Portuguese).
– Cotorra Africana, Loro Yaco, Loro Gris Africano, Loro Gris, Loro Gris de Cola Roja, Yaco (espaรฑol).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World โ Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Spanish Society of Ornithology / BirdLife – SEO
Photos:
(1) – Congo African Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus erithacus) at a bird park in Singapore By Michael Gwyther-Jones (originally posted to Flickr as Singapore) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Loro gris do Congo. Photo taken na Illa de Arousa, Galiza By L.Miguel Sรกnchez Bugallo (http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Lmbuga) [GFDL or CC-BY-SA-3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Congo African Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus erithacus). Pet parrot held on a hand. By Eli Duke [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Young African Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus erithacus) at Weltvogelpark Walsrode (Walsrode Bird Park, Germany) OLAF Oliviero Riemer [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Loro gris do Congo. Photo taken na Illa de Arousa, Galiza By L.Miguel Sรกnchez Bugallo (http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Lmbuga) [GFDL or CC-BY-SA-3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – A Congo African Grey Parrot eating a piece of apple. It is perching on an open cage door and there is another parrot in the cage in the background By Peter F. (originally posted to Flickr as thanksgiving) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – A pet Congo African Grey Parrot on held back By Sonny SideUp (originally posted to Flickr as Bird Tossing) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(8) – By Hans – pixabay
Minor Concern โ
(UICN)โ
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