31 cm.. length and an approximate weight of 170 gr.
The head and the neck of the Red Lory(Eos bornea) are entirely of a deep red color.
In the adult the primary feathers are black with a large red mirror. The feathers tertiary and the coverts are of color blue. The joint of the feathers of the helmsman they are reddish-brown. The irises they are red, legs grayscale and the bill dark orange.
The immature they tend to be more off than their parents coloring. They show the feathers tertiary grey, lightly stained blue. The ear-coverts Sometimes it tinges of blue. Times, the area of the vent and the thighs it infiltrates with small stains blue. The feathers of the abdomen often carry some edges blue dark. They have the irises brown.
Not exists no sexual dimorphism visible although the males tend to be more corpulent that the females.
(Vieillot, 1818) – The Red of his plumage is much more dark almost brown.
Habitat:
They are mostly primary forests, in the wooded areas during regeneration, Forest Hills, coconut plantations, in abandoned gardens and mangroves.
They are mainly in coastal areas, What does not climb up to 900 m in the island of Ceram and up 1.800 m in the of Buru.
Throughout its area, the Red Lory are fairly common, However, some populations are more dispersed around the villages, since they are very cautious towards humans.
Behavior:
The Red Lory they live in pairs or in small groups, but sometimes you can observe large flocks of 50 individuals.
They are birds noisy and quite easy to observe, as they often fly above the canopy attracted by the red flowers of the tree of coral (Erythrina).
They have a fast and direct flight and when moving, make your buzz due to its quick flapping.
In the Kai Islands, their movements are common: all days, they cross the arm of sea that separates the different islands flying rapidly and at high altitude.
During the rest hours that occur at noon, the Red Lory they spend most of their time smoothing their feathers in the shade of a tree. Probably, This practice is designed to strengthen marital ties. Parties that enjoy priority are the head and neck; as you can not reach these areas with its beak, you will always need your partner collaboration. The "patient" that undergoes this preferential treatment seems to express a great sense of satisfaction.
Reproduction:
The couples begin to look for the location of the nest between the months of August and September. It is located high in a big tree.
In mid-December some young leaving the nest have observed.
As in all loris, the nesting period is very long and hard 7 to 9 weeks.
In captivity, the Red Lory puts 1 or 2 litters per year. Each spawning has usually 2 white eggs that are incubated for a period ranging from 24 to 26 days.
Food:
In their natural habitats, the Red Lory feed of nectar, pollen, fruits and insects of fashion casual.
Your food › seem to be them flowers of the trees of the species Eugenia and Erythrina.
All the Loris they have a language that is especially suited, with a brush tip made up of elongated papillae. This characteristic allows birds to collect pollen from flowers and compress it in a suitable way for swallowing.. They play an important role in the pollination of flowering plants and trees.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 57.900 km2
The Red Lory they have a very restricted distribution area. They live South of the Moluccan Islands, halfway between Sulawesi and the western end of New Guinea.
This species has a very large range, and therefore not approaching the thresholds for Vulnerable according to the range size criterion.
The population is suspected of being in decline due to unsustainable levels of exploitation.
The species has undergone intense trade from 1981, When it began trading in Appendix II. 99.834 wild-caught specimens have been recorded in international trade, Although none from 2000 (UNEP-WCMC trade database, January 2005 CITES).
"Red Lory" in captivity:
This lori is considered one of the most widespread within poultry. It's an interesting bird, robust and easy of play, ideal for a start in the world of the loris. It also has a very attractive red color; It playful and is easy for tame.
It is a great conversationalist. Some have entire sentences in their vocabulary. Unfortunately, his voice is sometimes very strong, with a high sharp squeal. Most are docile, even at maturity. They can be prolific breeders and are fairly easy to find as hand-raised pets..
Too much protein in the diet can lead to gout., a type of arthritis that crystals are deposited in the joints. May be a bit uncomfortable due to liquid diet.
Alternative names:
– Red Lory, Buru Red Lory (ingles).
– Lori écarlate, Lori rouge (French).
– Rotlori (German).
– Lóris-vermelho (Portuguese).
– Lori Rojo (español).
* A Red Lorry at Taronga Zoo, Sydney, Australia by Navin – wikimdia
* Red Lory (Eos bornea) looking upwards by shahram sharif – Wikimedia
* Red Lory (Eos bornea) at Singapore Zoo by Joost Rooijmans – Wikimedia
* Red Lory – KL Bird Park – Malaysia by diego_cue – Panoramio
* Moluccan Red Lory – Parrots Australia
26 cm.. length and a weight between 132 and 150 gr.
The Shawl-collared Lorikeet(Trichoglossus rosenbergii) is very similar to the Trichoglossus haematodus, but with a stronger blue in the head.
The edges of the breast feathers they are much wider, It has a broad yellow stripe on the neck, ending at the highest point with a red band narrow, their abdomen Violet is blue also has a wide orange stripe inside the flight feather.
The bill is red-orange. The irises They are orange-red and legs grey.
Variation of the nominal (Trichoglossus Haematodus).
Habitat:
They are in a wide range of habitats, including settlements in forests, coconut plantations, savannahs and mangroves.
In their natural habitats, They form small groups noisy that feed on the upper canopy. Often they are seen in mixed flocks with other species of parrots. At night, Community are hundreds of birds.
Son pollinators important species coconut.
Reproduction:
Within its natural range, usually they begin breeding between September and October – although breeding has been recorded in most months.
The average clutch it consists of 2 to 3 eggs. The female incubated eggs for about 24 to 27 days and the young become independent when they are about 80 days old.
Food:
Its diet natural It consists mainly nectar and pollen, but also it includes fruits like figs, citrus, papaya and mangoes open fruit bats. They may also feed on moth pupae and insects.
The Shawl-collared Lorikeet has a single small population, that can be seen to be decreasing as a result of the loss and degradation of forests, by agriculture and logging subsistence and perhaps also for the capture for trade. So, is qualified as Vulnerable.
The bird population is assumed that can range from 3000-4000 birds.
Alternative names:
– Shawl-collared Lorikeet, Biak Lorikeet, Rainbow Lorikeet (Biak) (ingles).
– Loriquet de Biak (French).
– Biaklori (German).
– Loris Arco-Íris Rosenbergii (Portuguese).
– Lori de Biak (español).
The Pohnpei Lorikeet(Trichoglossus rubiginosus) is unmistakable.
The head and back, dark brown, darker in the head. Scapulars and blankets, are of color Bordeaux dark. The flight feather are blackish in those networks internal and infiltrated with color olivaceous in them vane outer.
The primaries more external are clearly yellow. The bottom of the wings black. The underparts Deep Garnet color, with a black edge in the bottom sides of the edges that draw a bar at the bottom.
The upper part of the tail color is olivaceous, brighter in the vicinity of the tip; lower tail is of color yellow pale. The bill is orange. The irises are yellow-orange, the legs and feet are dark gray.
In the female, the bill seems more yellowish and the irises are greyish white.
This species is present on the entire surface of the island, until 600 m. It is distributed by a variety of habitats, such as coconut trees, plane trees, dense tropical forests, plots regenerated, forests and mangroves.
The Pohnpei Lorikeet is a bird especially loud, He throws her screams from the roosts after dark. It is fairly easy to detect, Since it wanders in small flocks of February to December in search of food in trees in flower.
It tends to fly high and travel long distances over the ocean.
When fed into the forests of tall trees, usually favors the average vegetation floor.
As the Ponape island receives a large amount of precipitation (until 7600 mm. per year in some places), the Pohnpei Lorikeet seek refuge under the large leaves.
Reproduction:
The Pohnpei Lorikeet It builds its nest on top of a coconut tree or in any cavity of a tree from the forest.
The spawning usually consists of an only egg.
The nesting season generally goes from December to may.
Food:
Consumes nectar, pollen and fruit. While feeding, It tends to keep its head down to pick up their food in the flowers of coconut and banana.
The nectar of Erythrina and the mango is very appreciated by the Pohnpei Lorikeet.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 350 km2
As its name implies, lori this is endemic of the Ponape island, which is the most populated island of the States federate of Micronesia. Formerly, also lived on the atoll of Namoluk about the island of Truk.
It is possible that range was more extensive than it is today.
Conservation:
– Current IUCN Red List category: Near threatened
– The population trend: Decreasing
This species is listed as near-threatened because it is suspected that their population, which is mostly a subpopulation, It is in decline due to changes in land use. It also has a very small range; But, is unlikely that it is declining, in terms of population, given the adaptability of the species. Neither population is severely fragmented or restricted to a few locations.
Surveys in 1994 suggested that the species had declined a 74-75% Since the beginning of the eighties, probably indicating a decrease in real (Buden 2000). The current population exceeds the 10.000 specimens (Juniper and Parr 1998, M. O'Brien a little. 2011).
In the news, It is the official bird of the State of Pohnpei and your hunting, capture and export is illegal.
The plumage of the Mindanao Lorikeet(Trichoglossus johnstoniae) is usually Green. The facial area It is red with a tendency to pink. The band that goes from the eye until the part back from the neck it is dark purple.
The underparts are yellow, scalloped with green resembling scales. They have the Underwing coverts and subcaudales yellowish green. The band less of them wings is yellow. Its bill is reddish orange, the legs grayscale and the eye ring dark gray. The eyes orange-red.
The birds immatures have less red on the face. Instead of the band dark purple in adults, young birds have an off color lilac and a Brown stain behind the eye. The rings of the eyes are of color grey white. The eyes They are brown.
There are no significant differences between males and females.
Sound of the Mindanao Lorikeet.
Habitat:
Found of 1.000 to 2.500 m in the Mount Apo and 1.000 1,700 m in the Mount Malindang.
The Mindanao Lorikeet they prefer mossy forests, but also you can see them along the edge of the forest and in degraded areas.
Usually noisy during the flight, but when they feed on, remain calm. They migrate daily between different altitudes in the morning looking for food in the Highlands and in the evening return to their resting places in the lower areas.
They move higher during the day, in flocks of up to 50 birds, to feed on trees with flowers and shrubs. At sunset, they return to the lower slopes to rest.
Reproduction:
Little is known about the ecology of reproduction.. Probably it breeding is performed between months of March and may.
Captive breeding records indicate that the laying tends to be of two eggs, the incubation of some three weeks and that the young leave the nest between three weeks and a month more afternoon.
Food:
With feeds nectar, flowers, fruits, pollen and insects.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 8.700 km2
Endemic to the mountains of Mindanao (Philippines)
Conservation:
• Current IUCN Red List category: Near threatened
• Population trend: Decreasing
Its habitat favorite is relatively unlikely that is affected by human activities in the medium term, but logging and capture should remain concerns.
The world population apparently not been quantified formally, but the species is described as very rare and there are those who think that there are less than 10.000 individuals.
"Mindanao Lorikeet" in captivity:
Very rare in captivity.
Due to its decreasing trend in terms of its population, any specimen that can not be returned to their natural habitat (natural range) should preferably be placed in a well-managed breeding program to ensure the survival of the species.
Alternative names:
– Mindanao Lorikeet, Apo Lorikeet, Johnstone’s Lorikeet (ingles).
– Loriquet de Johnstone (French).
– Mindanaolori, Mindanao-Lori (German).
– Loris johnstoniae (Portuguese).
– Lori de Mindanao, Tricogloso de Mindano (español).
31 cm.. length.
The Tucuman Parrot(Amazona tucumana) It is mostly green, with black borders on the feathers, giving the whole a scalloped appearance.
Relatively large and stocky have the forecrown red and eye rings white. Has also patch Red in the wing-coverts (most notoriously in flight); thin yellow line on shoulder almost half of wing
; the primary wing feathers They have the blue tips, and the thighs They are orange-yellow. The tail It is short and feathers yellow.
The bill It is yellowish to pinkish, and eyes adults are orange-yellow. The legs They are pale gray.
As he male as the female They are similar in appearance, but the immature They are generally green in full, with the thighs green than orange and less red on the forecrown. Another key difference between adult and immature is that eyes young people are gray.
Taxonomic note:
Until a few years ago it was considered a subspecies of the Red-spectacled Parrot(Amazona pretrei) (Fjeldså y Krabbe 1990), but now they are recognized as separate species, although closely related to each other and, In addition, with the Vinaceous Parrot(Amazona vinacea), who possibly form a basal group to all other parrots of the genus (Russello y Amato 2004).
It is found in open forests Andean mountain forests Yungas, particularly in areas with Alnus acuminata or Podocarpus parlatorei, as well as other species of Alnus, Podocarpus and Nothofagus. This species It is in elevations of between 1.600 and 2.600 metres in the breeding season, but during the non-breeding season they descend to lower elevations of about 350 m. Right now, sometimes you can enter inhabited areas.
Often gathers in large flocks, often numbering more than 200 individuals.
Reproduction:
The Tucuman Parrot They breed between November and January or February, building usually your nest in a hole in a tree Alnus or Podocarpus. The normal size clutch is three to four eggs, although they have been reported sunsets from one to five eggs. The incubation lasts around 26 to 29 days, usually it is the female that the male incubates and which feeds, and the main source of food for chicks come from seeds and flowers Podocarpus parlatorei. Young they leave the nest usually after seven to nine weeks.
Size of its range (breeding/resident ): 86.200 km2
The Amazona tucumana It is located in northwest Argentina and in southern Bolivia, where it is known in 12 locations departments Tarija, Chuquisaca and Santa Cruz(A. Maccormick in some. 2005, R. Hoyer in some. Slightly., 2012).
A recent study of the situation and distribution of the species Argentina registered 6.015 individuals (Rivera et al., 2007) and estimated that the Argentine population amounted to about 10.000 birds, but around 20.000 They were exported from Argentina in the mid 80, suggesting that there may have been a substantial population decline.
After inclusion in the Appendix I of the CITES, international trade was cut, although the continuous local exploitation. But, It does not appear that the stocks have recovered, and loss of habitat is of concern, particularly in Argentina, where their habitat is highly degraded and there are only a few remains of small forests and isolated. Threats to habitat are less severe in Bolivia, but the species has declined there and is projected to continue to do so (A. Maccormick in a bit., 2005).
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Vulnerable.
• Population trend: Decreasing.
• Population size : 6000-15000.
Rationale for the Red List category
This species is classified as Vulnerable, as it is experiencing rapid population decline due to the loss of habitat and capture for the bird trade.
Justification of the population
A recent study of the situation and distribution of the species Argentina registered 6,015 individuals and Argentina estimated that the population was approximately 10.000 birds (L. Rivera in a bit., 2004). It also, 1.643 individuals were recorded at several sites in Bolivia during another recent study (Rivera et al., 2007). The total population is thus situated in the band 10.000-19.999 individuals (L. Rivera in a bit., 2012). This is equivalent to 6,667-13,333 mature individuals, rounded here to 6,000-15,000 mature individuals.
Justification of trend
The results of the survey, observations on habitat loss and the local occurrence of the species, and catch and trade data suggest that the population is suffering rapid population decline (L. Rivera in some.)
Conservation Actions Underway
• CITES Appendix I, although the convention is not respected in Bolivia (AB Hennessey in litt., 2012).
• Present in several protected areas, including the El Rey National Park, Argentina, mainly in the non-breeding season (L. Rivera in some. 2012).
• A species conservation action plan is currently being developed for each of its native countries. (L. Rivera in a bit., 2012).
Conservation Actions Proposed
• Apply the local trade ban (L. Rivera in a bit., 2012).
• Evaluate the current population size.
• Produce a species action plan.
• Conduct additional research to clarify the scope of the current threat of trade.
• Effectively protect core areas of remaining habitat; review their habitat requirements and complement nesting sites using boxes where appropriate (AB Hennessey in some. 2012).
• Address unsustainable use of resources and illegal activities in protected areas..
Parrots Gender Amazona are among the most recognizable and sought-after pet birds. Their colorful plumage and ability to imitate the human voice have made them highly sought after for centuries, and one unfortunate consequence of this is the threatened status of most species. (Russello y Amato 2004). In the Red list of Threatened Species International Union for the conservation of nature, 16 parrot species of this genus are included either as Vulnerable, Endangered or Critically Endangered (IUCN 2010). In the same way, 16 species are listed in Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES).
The Amazona tucumana It is a species that should only be kept in captive with the sole purpose of achieving their reproduction and subsequent insertion into the wild.
Alternative names:
– Tucuman Parrot, Alder Amazon, Alder Parrot, Tucuman Amazon(English).
– Tucumanaamazone, Tucumanamazone(German).
– Amazone de Tucuman(French).
– Papagaio-tucumă(Portuguese).
– Amazona Alisera, Amazona Tucumana, Loro alisero(español).
– Loro alisero(Argentina).
– Loro alisero(Bolivia).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– RIVERA, Luis; POLICE, Natalia y BUCHER, Enrique H. Ecology and conservation of the Alder Parrot (Amazona tucumana). Hornero [online]. 2012, vol.27, n.1 [aforementioned 2017-01-29], pp. 51-61 . Available in: . ISSN 0073-3407.
– Photos:
(1) – Tucuman Parrot (Amazona tucumana) by birdsandbirds
The Todl`s Parakeet(Pyrrhura picta caeruleiceps) It is generally green with the forehead and areas around the eyes, dark red.
In flight the dark red stain is very evident abdomen. Wings below greyish. The crown and nape they are blue; the front and sides of the strip head, red and scaly appearance of the chest with wider margins. This subspecies is included within the species Pyrrhura picta.
Notes:
Historically, classification of Pyrrhura picta caeruleiceps (Todd 1947) He has been subject to opinions found. While some authors recognize this taxon at the species level, others consider it a subspecies of Pyrrhura subandina (Todd 1947) or Pyrrhura picta (Meyer de Schauensee 1949), the latter being the most widely followed classification (Hilty & Brown 1986, pit et to the. 1997, Rodríguez & Hernandez-Camacho 2002). Based on analysis of morphological characters, Joseph (2000) and Joseph & Stockwell (2002) suggested that P. caeruleiceps should be considered as a distinct phylogenetic species and that the taxon Pyrrhura pantchenkoi (Phelps 1977), described from two specimens with worn plumage, is its synonym. Hilty (2003) He continued this treatment, but the classification committee Bird South America of the American Ornithologists’ Union recently it considered that existing information was insufficient to support this taxonomic change according to the biological species concept and kept provisionally caeruleiceps like a subspecies of painted parakeet (Remsen et al. 2010).
They inhabit in humid jungle, semi-humid and low cloud forests. Nest sizable trees in abandoned nests of other species.
Distribution:
The enigmatic and little known Todl`s Parakeet(Pyrrhura picta caeruleiceps) It has a very restricted range in the rainforest, mainly between 500 and 900 Attitude meters along the border between Colombia and Venezuela, as well as patches of tropical forest in the foothills of the Serrania del Perija.
Its Freedom population It is believed to be about 30 to 50 individuals.
Conservation:
State of conservation ⓘ
Endangered ⓘ(UICN)ⓘ
The forest loss and fragmentation are the main threats facing this bird, but the species is also trapped and kept in cages as a pet. According to the categories of UICN It is considered In danger (IN), mainly due to the habitat destruction.
24-25 cm.. height.
The Rose-headed Parakeet(Pyrrhura rhodocephala) is a small parrot with the body almost all green and a long tail. The more notorious is the hood pink reddish and the patch red behind them eyes; cheeks until uppertail-coverts green. Primary coverts white, other coverts green except, sometimes, some feathers scattered red-orange in the bend of wing. Outerwebs of them flight feather, Blue with black tips. Undertail-coverts green. Feathers of the throat, the chest and the sides of the neck, of color green olive with tips brownish that give an effect of scaly very dim; belly slightly more green olive that the upperparts, with a pale patch red in the center; the undertail-coverts green; at the top, the tail brownish red color; undertail, red clear.
Bill color pale horn; bare periophthalmic white; brown the irises; legs dark gray.
Both sexes similar.
The immature shows a crown bluish green with scattered red feathers, primary coverts Blue and base green until it tail.
It inhabits mainly in humid forests, secondary, and páramo, between 800 to 3400 m. Resident Although daily make long migrations.
Fly in flocks of 10 to 30 individuals.
Reproduction:
There is little information on reproduction, probably it breeding season between the months of May-June.
Food:
It probably feeds on berries, seeds, fruits and flowers.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 17,000 km2
This Parrot is endemic to the Andes, in the Northwest corner of Venezuela, on both slopes of the Cordillera de Mérida from Táchira until Trujillo, with records in the mountains of Merida and North of Barinas.
Is probably resident but perform movements daily to distances considerable. They are distributed in several protected areas, apparently, effective, but the continuous deforestation in its small range must represent a threat to long term.
Conservation:
State of conservation ⓘ
Minor Concern ⓘ(UICN)ⓘ
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.
• Population trend: Stable.
Justification of the population
The size of the world's population has not been quantified, but the species is described as quite common (Hilty 2003).
Justification of trend
They suspected that the population is stable in absence of evidence of any decline or threatens substantial.
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Parrot Book, Parrots and macaws Neotropical
– Photos:
(1) – fouragesofsand
(2) – Pyrrhura rhodocephala, Rose-crowned Parakeet by John Gerrard Keulemans [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
– Sounds:
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The Yellow-crested cockatoo(Cacatua sulphurea) It is distinguished by its long, thin yellow erectile crest, that curves forward, and extending upward, above the nape, when it folded. The front of his crown and main feathers crest, are white. The rest of your plumage It is also white, except in yellow suffusion ear-coverts, under the wings and in the innerwebs of the undertail-coverts. The bases of the hackles and underparts, They are yellowed; some birds show a slight yellow tone, particularly on chest and the belly. The bill It is black; eye ring pale bluish; irises dark brown; legs grey. The female is similar to the male but with the irises reddish and slightly smaller.
The young birds They show both sexes irises dark taupe, although females They begin to acquire the red coloration in the first year. The bill and legs immature are also lighter.
(Oberholser, 1917) – Similar to the parvula, but largest.
Cacatua sulphurea citrinocristata
Cacatua sulphurea citrinocristata
(Fraser, 1844) – Slightly larger than the nominal, with one crest orange & ear-coverts orange yellow. Additional research may provide a basis for improving this subspecies to a specific status..
Cacatua sulphurea parvula
(Bonaparte, 1850) – Similar to the nominal species, but with the ear-coverts paler and less yellow on yellow feathers underparts. the size of the bill in this subspecies it increases clinically towards the west.
They inhabit at the edges of the forest, wooded areas, farmland, cocoteros, semi-arid areas and forests until the 800 m (locally 1.200 m).
The Yellow-crested cockatoo usually they found in pairs or small groups of up to ten individuals, although they may meet in larger flocks to feed on fruit trees. They can form flocks with Eclectus Parrot(Eclectus roratus).
They tend to be noisy and visible, but can be difficult to spot when moving silently in the canopy, and they are more often in flight. The groups who leave their resting places in the montane forest areas frequently displace forage at lower altitudes including cultivated fields. Pairs may hover conspicuously above the forest canopy searching for fruitful trees, allowing a reasonably close approach when resting on a branch.
The crest It is generally stands when landing, or when an individual is making calls from a perch. Like most of the Cockatoos They enjoy a bath in the rain.
Reproduction:
Specimens of Yellow-crested cockatoo on the island of button in State reproductive during the months of September and October, although Nusa Tenggara the breeding It occurs in the months of April and May. The female It lays two or three white eggs in the hollow of a tree, and incubation lasts around 28 days with both parents participating. Chicks they leave the nest to 10 weeks and are dependent parent for about two months.
Food:
They feed in trees and soil. Its diet It includes seeds, corn (Zea mays) of cultivated fields, fruit, berries, egg yolks, flowers and nuts (including large coconuts (cocos nucifera)).
Distribution and status:
Size of its range (breeding/resident ): 1.360.000 km2
The Yellow-crested cockatoo They are confined Indonesian, where they can be seen in the lowlands Isla Celebes (virtually extinct in the north), islands in the Flores sea, in Nusa Tenggara and isolated islands Masalembu in the Java Sea.
introduced in Singapore and Hong Kong. The species is found in both wooded areas and cultivated and is scarce throughout its range. It is estimated that the world population total is less than 40.000 birds and is decreasing. Although populations of the nominal subspecies and of the subspecies parvula may still be close to 10.000 specimens, the citrinocristata subspecies It has an estimated population between 800 and 7.200 only individuals, having declined by 80% between the years 1986 and 1989, while the distinctive subspecies abbotti It is now represented by only nine individuals in nature.
Although habitat loss is clearly a factor in Sumba, where distribution appears to be linked to the extent of primary forest (is only about 15% the original forest), trade is the main threat to the species as a whole. Trade data show that exported almost 100.000 birds in years 1980-1992. The export citrinocristata subspecies It was banned in 1992 by local authorities, and 26 birds were confiscated in September of that year. There are probably at least 50 individuals of each subspecies in public collections and more than 2.000 in private aviculture, although the numbers for the subspecies abbotti They are unknown.
(Fraser, 1844) – Sumba, where it can be seen in the remaining forest around left, or east of the island, where it may still be locally common; an expedition of the Manchester Metropolitan University found it common in the remaining forest areas in 1990, with the greatest discovery of birds, a group of five birds, found in primary forest near Tabundung
• Current category of the Red List of the UICN: critically endangered.
• Population trend: Decreasing.
Its crashing fall It is almost entirely attributable to the unsustainable exploitation for domestic and international trade. Logging to the conversion of forests for agriculture as well as the use of pesticides for land and large-scale.
Justification of the population
Based on recent surveys in various parts of the range of the species, C. Trainor in some (2007) It has been estimated the world population in less than 7.000 individuals: 3.200-5.000 en Sumba (though perhaps only 562 in 2012, Burung Indonesia en preparación), 500 en Komodo, 200-300 en Timor Leste, 200-300 en Sulawesi, 20-50 in West Timor, 40-70 Flores, 50-100 en Sumbawa, 100 in Rinca and other 700 birds in total. The best data is located in the band 2.500-9.999 individuals, equivalent to 1.667-6.666 mature individuals, rounded here to 1.500-7.000 mature individuals.
Conservation actions and research in progress
CITES Appendix I (2005). It has developed and adopted a recovery plan cooperative and has prepared an update 2012 (D. Mulyawati in some. 2012). The populations are found in various protected areas, It is the most important Rawa Aopa Watumohai (55 copies in 2011 [Waugh 2013]) and National Parks Caraente (en Sulawesi), supporting up 100 individuals (transgressed 2006) , Reserva Natural de Wildlife en Pulau Moyo, Komodo National Park and two national parks in Sumba: Manupeu-Tanadaru y Laiwangi-Wanggameti. Nini Konis Santana National Park declared in Timor has a 100 estimated birds (Trainor et al., Without date) . In Rawa Aopa Watumohai nests they have been protected from predators by removing vegetation pendant necklaces and installation of plastic around the tree trunks nesting (Waugh 2013). Moratoriums on international trade are in effect, although it is likely that a large proportion of trade is a national. Several subpopulations of Sulphur-crested Cockatoo have increased in Sumba between 1992 and 2002, due to conservation efforts (including local education, ecotourism and law enforcement), although densities remained below those typical for other cockatoo species (Cahill et al ., 2006) . Capture for trade has declined dramatically in Sumba through a variety of awareness and protection measures of the community (D. Mulyawati in some. 2012).
Following the surveys of 2008 and 2009, the Indonesia Parrot Project and Konservasi Kakatua Indonesia have started meetings with community leaders and villagers in Masakambing and Masalembu, as well as with the military and local police, to raise awareness and gain support for Sulphur-crested Cockatoo conservation (Metz et al. Al., 2009) . A conservation program-awareness-pride has also begun to involve adults and school Archipelago Masalembu (Metz et al. , 2009, Translating et al., 2009) And in Southeast Sulawesi (Anon., 2012). A "village regulation" was written to catch, possess or transport the species and initiate measures to reduce habitat destruction and employ a former village chief to guard and protect nests and study Sulphur-crested Cockatoos (Translating et al., 2009) . Moronone community in Rawa Aopa Watumohai NP, where four members of the village have been hired as Forest Wardens (Anon., 2012), have established similar community-based regulations. The guards protect the species against poachers and perform monitoring activities (Waugh 2013). The pest status of the species can be addressed by planting crops to compensate for losses and to act as a "sacrifice culture", for example, sunflower fields are used to attract the species out of other crops (Waugh 2013). Mangrove restoration is also being used to increase nesting habitat available (Waugh 2013). a repeat of the population census is planned abbotti , together with studies on its biological history and ecology (Metz et al., 2009) .
Proposed Research and Conservation Actions
Carry out further studies (including Roti, but also more studies on Alor and Pantar) to identify the most appropriate action for conservation areas and to periodically monitor key population surveys repeating ago 8-10 years. Provide relevant support for protected areas and conservation initiatives within its range and protect nests when possible. Strengthen the protection of forest Poronumbu, Sumba, declaring Nature Reserve (Translating y Agustina 2012). Strengthen control, the enforcement and monitoring of trade and establishing greater management of captive populations. Improve law enforcement in designated protected areas and other key areas for trade, including ports, markets, etc. Promote widespread community conservation initiatives. These may include, en la isla de Pasoso, Sulawesi Central, work to protect the Sulphur-crested Cockatoo should involve all five families living on the island and introduce community involvement programs for children and adults on several other islands where the species occurs (Translating y Agustina 2012). The recommendations formulated specifically for the protection of the species in the Komodo National Park consisted of carrying out an annual monitoring, maintain regular patrols, sensitize local communities and studying human activities and impacts within the park (Imansyah et al ., 2005, Benstead 2006) . Conduct ecological research to clarify options for management and conservation. Other objectives should be to study the abundance and distribution of nest holes and water sources.. The provision of artificial sources of water near the nesting sites, that is to say, water ponds, It is essential for the species on the island of Komodo and may also be necessary to protect the nests of young Komodo dragons in Komodo (Translating y Agustina, 2012).
"Yellow-crested cockatoo" in captivity:
The male Yellow-crested cockatoo It is especially aggressive with the female, sometimes to kill her. This phenomenon is known in many cockatoo species..
among the white cockatoos, this is somewhat difficult to breed in captivity. As a pet can be a formidable partner provided it has been raised for that purpose and to provide much attention.
It is very difficult for them to disconnect in the presence of their owners and entertain themselves without seeking continuous interaction.
Great ability to imitate human sound within the world of cockatoos.
Note: Because of its status, CRITICALLY ENDANGERED, only controlled captive breeding is recommended in an attempt to recover this species in the wild.
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World – Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Photos:
(1) – Cacatua sulphurea by Charles Lam – Flickr
(2) – Citron-crested Cockatoo(Cacatua sulphurea citrinocristata) in the Walsrode Bird Park, Germany By Quartl (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – A Yellow-crested Cockatoo at Auckland Zoo, New Zealand By Ashleigh Thompson (originally posted to Flickr as Captain) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Cacatua sulphurea citrinocristata, Citron-crested Cockatoo. Photograph of upper body and crest By Ruth Rogers (originally posted to Flickr as Citron Cockatoo) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Citron-crested Cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea citrinocristata). The glass between the camera and this parrot makes the picture just a little bit blurry By Alexander Tundakov (originally posted to Flickr as White Parrot) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Photo of Lesser Sulphur-crested Cockatoo (wings clipped) By Snowmanradio, with permission from Tropical Birdland, Leicestershire, England. (Own work) [GFDL or CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – Yellow-crested Cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea) at the KOBE Oji Zoo by opencage.info
(8) – Lesser Sulphur-crested Cockatoo (wings clipped) By Snowmanradio, with permission from Tropical Birdland, Leicestershire, England. (Own work) [GFDL or CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(9) – Yellow-crested Cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea) by Darren – Flickr
(10) – Yellow-Crested Cockatoo, Cacatua sulphurea by Sek Keung Lo – Flickr
(11) – Cacatua sulphurea by Charles Lam – Flickr
(12) – Cacatua sulphurea by Charles Lam – Flickr
(13) – Cacatua sulphurea by Pichon Charles Lam – Flickr
(14) – A painting of a Yellow-crested Cockatoo, also known as the Lesser Sulphur-crested Cockatoo, (originally captioned «Plyctolophus sulphureus. Lesser Sulphur-crested Cockatoo») by Edward Lear 1812-1888. [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
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