Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "Beagle" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

The origins of the Beagle they are confused and remote. In the year 350 to. C. Xenophon already described some hounds that coincide in most details with the beagle.

It is believed that it was the Romans who brought them to England as rabbit hunters and once there they were crossed with local hounds..

Talbot Houndson are considered the ancestors of the North Country Beagle, Southern Hound, the Beagle, and the Foxhound.

Between 1300 and the 1400 the Beagle reached a high level of popularity among British monarchs. Edward II and Henry VII already had packs of Glove Beagles, So called because of its small size., they fit in a glove and Elizabeth I had Beagles that only measured 22 centimeters. Hound packs were popular on almost all large country estates.. Towards the 1400, the Beagles had already spread across Britain, Italy, Greece and France thus increasing its popularity (Snoopy is a Beagle).

The name given to the breed has two possible origins. On the one hand, it is considered a derivation of the Celtic word "beag" which means small., while on the other it is maintained that it comes from the French word "begueule" which means open mouth., Perhaps in reference to the noisy outcry produced in the cacario tract.

They are dogs with muscular legs aspect, and smooth, short coat. Despite having a muscular and slender appearance they tend to clog up is, his appetite is almost insatiable. Why there is that much attention to their diet and not be allowed to abuse this.

They have long ears. Its colors are usually black, Brown and white of any variety. There are many copies of white legs, Brown ears and Brown and black body. Another characteristic of the breed in its coloration is the intense black around its eyes.. It has a desirable minimum height at the withers of 33 cm., and a desirable maximum height to the cross of 40 cm.. Weighs between 9 and 16 kg.

The Beagle is always alert. Very hardworking, with great energy and determination, they are lively dogs, intelligent and uniform temperament: they do not show aggressiveness or shyness.

The Beagle has almost all the qualities of the ideal companion dog, being meek, loving and friendly, forming strong ties with its people. They are very receptive to their emotions, whatever your age: share their joy in happy moments and show solidarity and support in difficult moments. He is considered an excellent therapist for psychologically debilitated people, especially since the fact that he is generally active does not prevent him from also enjoying calm when it is necessary.

He is also very cheerful and playful, and he loves to have fun. Thus, he especially likes people who are willing to play with him, especially the children.

But, It is important to note that he can be very agitated when playing and, for example, will bite the person you are interacting with. This is never a sign of bad behavior., but simply his way of playing. But, these behaviors can be limited by working on them as part of your education.

Being a gregarious dog, the Beagle prefers company to solitude and needs a lot of social interaction during the day. They tend to suffer from separation anxiety when their owner is away and are left alone for any length of time, even in a familiar space.

So, not suitable for someone who spends most of their days away from home and cannot take it with them.

The Beagle he is a dog that adores children, in which he finds great playmates, and vice versa.

Their tendency to bite people they play with can be problematic with younger children, so keep a close eye on their interactions, although this is valid for any race.

It should also be noted that sometimes they seek peace and quiet, and they can react badly if they are annoyed with a little insistence. So, it is important for everyone's well-being to teach children to respect their pet and understand their body language, as soon as your age allows.

The beagles they are very sociable and are usually delighted to meet new people, whether they are invited to the house by their owners or if they meet them on a walk, for example. He is not the type to be aggressive towards strangers, rather they take an interest in them and potentially expect them to play with them or even offer them food.

Due to its jovial and open character, the Beagle not one of those who discourages strangers from approaching: you are more likely to approach them to meet them. They may raise their voices in such circumstances, but it is more to express his curiosity than to defend his master or his home.

In other words, although I am always alert, has no real protective instinct, and cannot be used as a guard.

Like many breeds of hunting dogs, the Beagle is used to a certain independence of mind, since he must be able to make certain decisions for himself. In daily life, this means that it is far from being a model of obedience, and can even be quite stubborn.

This means you can give a teacher a hard time who doesn't know how to deal with this., especially due to lack of experience. So, a first-time adopter is better off with another breed.

The Beagle needs to spend a lot of time outdoors, and you can only be comfortable if you do at least 1,5 hours of exercise per day.

In other words, not a breed at all suitable for a master who is often absent, sedentary and/or physically weak.

The Beagle was born for hunting and, in general, for all activities that require a very fine sense of smell. They are very persistent in fulfilling their mission: they are not only lively and intelligent, but also bold, with as much determination as energy.

The Beagle it is a hunting dog par excellence. This means that your nose guides you throughout your life., and nothing makes you happier than smelling and following a new or interesting scent. This means that the risk of escape is high and the garden must be fenced off..

Of course, this is also a problem when walking and doing other outdoor activities. So, learning to remember is absolutely crucial in order to consider letting him roam free, although this does not necessarily exempt you from being equipped with a collar with connected GPS to know where you are at all times if, Nonetheless, goes out to the street. Having said that, many owners simply choose to wear the strap consistently.

The Beagle it is a very vocal breed of dog: he likes to express himself through his voice and howl loudly. His barks are a true language, and vary depending on what they are trying to communicate and their emotional level.

There are many reasons why it can bark: curiosity or desire to warn when you hear an external noise, afraid, boredom, attention seeking, greeting, separation anxiety…

In any case, it is certainly not the best option for a person who values ​​silence – or whose neighbors value it.

The Beagle adapts very well to changes, including lifestyle and / or environmental changes, for example after a move. As long as you stay with your teacher, your main point of reference is there.

The Beagle is usually very friendly with other dogs, either sharing a house with another dog or meeting potential new playmates on walks and other activities. Of course, its use as a bulldog is no stranger to this.

Living under the same roof as one of your roommates can also be a great way to keep you from feeling abandoned when your owners are away..

The beagles they are very attached to all members of their family. For him, a cat living in the same house is a full member of your family, especially if you are used to being with him from his earliest age. Otherwise, you have to be careful at the beginning of the coexistence and go little by little, but then it has every chance of being harmonious. This is all the more true since the presence of the little feline helps him feel less alone when his masters are absent..

As for the cats that you may encounter in the course of your wanderings, you better stay vigilant. In fact, your hunting instinct can take over and lead you to chase them.

Even a Beagle who is simply a domestic companion is still basically a hunter. If a small animal is found or smells (rodent, bird, etc.) On an excursion, it is very likely that I will go after him and do something to him.

Things are normally very different in the case of an animal that shares your home and that is used to seeing from its first months. She considers him a member of her family and has no reason to attack him. But, there is no zero risk…

They generally have a way to sit very peculiar, without support in the legs, but rather on the thighs and buttocks, leaving the hind limbs extended completely in the ground.

The Beagle it is certainly not one of the easiest breeds to train. They are usually quite stubborn or forgetful, so your training will probably require a good dose of patience and / or creativity.

So, not recommended for a newbie, that he would soon be overwhelmed by his propensity to be indifferent to orders or to be interested in other things.

On the other hand, once you know how to get their attention, it is possible to teach him everything and control his actions. In particular, be able to hear and execute commands even when there is a lot of noise and distractions around. In other words, for an experienced person who knows how to do it (although sometimes you have to call in the help of a professional dog trainer), patience and perseverance pay off. Given its qualities, Worth the effort.

Being a very intelligent dog, the Beagle makes the connection between orders and actions fairly quickly.

But, this does not mean that he does what he is told. It may happen that you do not see the meaning of what is being asked of you, but it is not the most frequent: most of the time he is eager to please his master… as long as your mind is not occupied by something else. This is where the problem lies: in particular, your sense of smell can quickly become a distraction, especially since he is curious and has a highly developed hunting instinct. This can make training - and subsequent obedience - a bit difficult..

The correct method of training a Beagle, the one who is the key to success, it is therefore to work the concentration, and more specifically the concentration on the orders of his master. So, don't skimp on positive reinforcement, that is to say, in rewards (candies, petting, stimuli, etc.) when you react to being called by name, looks at his master while waiting for instructions and, of course, follow them.

Like all dogs, the Beagle needs early socialization. From the first months of life, the puppy needs to be used to meeting all kinds of people, other dogs and other species, and be exposed to all kinds of experiences, smells and sounds. This stage of your life is very important for your cognitive and mental development, so that you are well balanced for the rest of your life.

If you adopt a dog from a breeder, usually they will have already done a lot of work in this area, especially if they only release it to 3 months of age, since the period between 2 and 3 months is the most crucial. But, it is still necessary to continue in the weeks and months following the adoption.

Every dog ​​needs clear rules to find its place in the home. These rules are even more essential for the success of coexistence in the case of Beagle, who usually does what he wants.

They are easily assimilated, since they remain the same in time and space, as well as from one person to another. So, even before you arrive home, all family members must agree on what will and will not be allowed, and then stick to it. These may include, one person cannot be allowed to do what another prohibits, or tolerate certain puppy behaviors that will later be reprimanded as an adult.

This definition work may also require a small educational effort with children., so they understand that the rules they are asked to abide by are not made to annoy the animal, but to allow him to live in harmony among his family.

Unless you want to keep your dog on a leash for the rest of his life, teaching him to remember should be a priority for any owner of a Beagle, given their propensity to follow smells and, Therefore, to take flight. If security conditions allow it, the ideal is to leave your Beagle roam unhindered from a young age, so that he gets used to not being hooked while he is around his owner. In any case, as long as the memory is not perfectly integrated, it is important to reward him every time he returns after being called.

It is also important to control their tendency to chew from a very young age, to do so in objects intended for this purpose, and not in the hands of his master or in the furniture of the house, for example. If the dog is not stopped immediately when he begins to bite the person he is playing with, for example, saying "No!"!» firm, stopping the game session and ignoring it, there is a great risk that it will happen again one adult day. The bite of a Beagle adult is, Obviously, much less fun and much more dangerous than a small puppy bite. But, chewing is still inevitable, since this way it relieves the pain of the gums. All you have to do is provide him with toys to chew on., and make sure you limit this behavior to these objects.

Of 12 to 15 years

The Beagle it is usually quite robust and has a life expectancy higher than the average of other dog breeds.

The short coat of the Beagle makes me not fear the heat. On the other hand, as long as the cold is not extreme, the density of its fur allows it to support it perfectly.

Like this, is capable of living in almost any climate.

The general good health of the Beagle does not prevent you from being especially prone to certain diseases, like any other race. They are as follows:

• The Hip Dysplasia, a malformation of the neck of the femur whose appearance may be favored by a hereditary factor. The fact that the bone does not fit perfectly in the hip joint causes pain and lameness, as well as the appearance of osteoarthritis as the animal ages;
• Enanism, which makes the dog smaller than normal and may or may not be accompanied by other physical abnormalities, like extremely short legs;
• chinese syndrome, also known as Musladin-Lueke syndrome: individuals with this syndrome grow normally, but they have a big skull and slanted eyes. It also, often have heart problems and toe abnormalities;
• The Hypothyroidism, a thyroid disorder that causes an alteration of the animal's metabolism, with potentially numerous consequences: loss of hair, Obesity, skin disorders, shortness of breath, great fatigue, etc. The disease cannot be cured in the strict sense, but there are treatments that can greatly reduce the symptoms;
• Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (Ig A), affects proteins that defend the body against infectious agents. It can have various consequences: skin infections, respiratory and digestive, and even ear and urinary tract infections. Although it has not yet been established with certainty, this deficiency appears to be inherited, therefore, reproduction of affected subjects is not recommended;
• The epilepsy, a neurological condition that is mostly hereditary, but that can also occur without affecting family members (near or far). It causes seizures that can be very impressive, but lifelong treatment may reduce their number or intensity. As a result, most affected individuals are capable of leading nearly normal lives;
• The atopic dermatitis, a chronic and inherited disease in which the dog's skin does not act as a protective barrier. This predisposes you to developing various allergies;
• Demodecia, disease caused by a parasite characterized by local or extensive hair loss, redness and itching, etc. It occurs most often in puppies between 3 and 12 months of age, due to their weak immune system;
• Ear infections (otitis, etc.), as its large, flexible ears quickly trap air and provide an environment for moisture and dirt to collect.

The Beagle is also prone to several eye conditions.:

• Nictitating gland prolapse, u «cherry eye», which makes the gland under the third eyelid look like a cherry in the corner of the eye. An operation is often required to remove it. Since the surgical technique used is minimally invasive, the prognosis is good and relapses are very rare;
• The glaucoma, which is abnormally high pressure in the eye, with very fast irreversible damage and even blindness, unless treated very quickly. This disease usually has a hereditary origin;
• Progressive retinal atrophy of the APR-CSNB type, a degenerative eye disorder that causes impaired night vision. This disease is hereditary and incurable.

Although they are usually quite active, Beagles are prone to obesity due to their greed, especially if you have been neutered. This can lead to many health problems or aggravate existing diseases.. It also, represents a true virtuous circle: as in humans, the more weight an individual gains, less active is, and therefore… more fat.

So, Preventing your dog from being obese should be a top priority for any owner who wants to keep your dog in good health.. As such, in addition to monitoring your diet, it is necessary to weigh it once a month (or even more), to quickly notice any deviation.

If confirmed in the next measurement, no waiting to take him to the vet, as the problem is unlikely to resolve spontaneously, quite the contrary. In fact, only a healthcare professional can identify the cause of this weight gain (improper diet, excessive amounts distributed, disease, reaction to a treatment, etc.) and, Therefore, indicate how to remedy it.

The fact that the Beagle is generally in good health is illustrated by a study conducted in 2004 by the Kennel Club and the British Small Animal Veterinary Association: a third of observed deaths are related to cancer, and old age is the second leading cause of death, with a 16% of the cases. Heart problems complete the podium, with a 12%.

Although the Beagle usually leads a healthy life, many of the diseases the breed is prone to are or may be inherited. So, it is important to adopt from a serious breeder: this offers the best guarantee of obtaining a puppy that has not only been well socialized since its first weeks of life, but is also healthy and stays that way.

In effect, a professional worthy of the name is not content with taking the best possible care of puppies during their first weeks of life, before handing them over: systematically puts dogs you plan to breed through various tests, in order to avoid any possible transmission of a hereditary defect. So, if the breeder is unable to present the results of these tests carried out to the parents or the puppy, it is better to pass.

The breeder must also be able to provide a certificate of good health from a veterinarian, as well as details of the vaccinations received by the puppy (registered in your health or vaccination book).

The Beagle finishes growing among the 12 and 15 months of age, and is especially fragile during this period, especially when you don't have 6 months.

As their bones and muscles are still developing, do not exercise it for too long or with too much intensity or, for example, make you walk up and down steps: not only would you risk short-term injury, but also long-term problems (deformities, aftermath, etc.) that could disable you for life.

Adopting a dog that presents the best guarantees in terms of health and taking care of it during the first months if it is a puppy does not exempt, of course, of worrying about your health after.

Prevention is also essential: take you periodically (At least once a year, and more when he gets older) to a complete health check at the vet, although in appearance everything is fine, it is essential to detect any possible problems early and, in your case, treat it in the best conditions. It's also a chance to make sure you're up to date on your vaccinations., getting the necessary booster shots.

It also, its owner must ensure that it renews its antiparasitic treatments throughout the year, whenever necessary, so you never stop being protected. Obviously, this is even more critical if you spend many hours outdoors, for example, when hunting.

The Beagle is, in general, a low maintenance breed.

Ideally, brush when Beagle once a week to detangle the fur, eliminate dead hair and promote regrowth. As it is a breed of short-haired dog, this is not complicated or time consuming.

But, it is important to remember that your skin is quite fragile, so take advantage of the brushing session to check for sores or rashes, or even signs of infection: redness, tenderness or inflammation of the skin, nose, the eyes, the legs, etc.

On the other hand, their fur tends to thicken in winter, and molts a lot in spring. It is necessary to opt for a greater frequency of brushing during periods of shedding, that is to say, several times a week.

The coat of the Beagle usually stay clean, so you don't need a frequent bath, unless, of course, got especially dirty. In any case, should not be done more than once a month, as it will damage the skin, which is more fragile than the average.

It is also important to always use a shampoo specially designed for dogs..

Like all dogs with floppy ears, the Beagle needs special care in this area. In effect, as the air does not circulate very well in them due to this morphological peculiarity, the risk of infections increases.

Thus, it is important to inspect and clean them at least once a week to avoid accumulation of dirt or moisture. You also have to take the time to dry them after they have been in water or a humid environment for a long time.. They should also be checked immediately if they shake their heads more than usual or scratch their ears.. In case of doubt or if they are especially dirty, do not hesitate to consult a veterinarian.

As with any dog, the Beagle's eyes should be checked weekly and cleaned if necessary. This reduces the risk of infections and helps detect any illness as early as possible., especially since this breed has a higher than average risk of glaucoma.

During the weekly maintenance session of the Beagle, teeth should be brushed with a dog brush or finger bowl to prevent tartar build-up caused by plaque. Plaque can cause not only bad breath, but also and above all diseases with sometimes serious consequences.

If possible, cleaning should be done even more frequently, since the ideal is a daily cleaning. In any case, it is necessary to use a toothpaste specially designed for dogs.

Once he Beagle is sufficiently exercised, natural wear and tear makes it unnecessary to cut your nails manually. But, if not and the nails become too long, must be trimmed with a special canine clipper, Since, otherwise, can interfere with normal walking, breaking and / or injuring the dog.

Checking once a month is a good habit to acquire, as well as listen from time to time: if you hear a kind of clicking noise when walking on hard ground, means its claws are grazing on it. This is the sign that it's time to cut them out.

Whether it is a Beagle as of another race, when a dog has just spent long hours outdoors, It is a good idea to get into the habit of inspecting its fur and paws when you get home., looking for parasites, barbed, scratches, cuts or other injuries.

This is especially useful for a dog that is used for hunting., since this activity supposes a greater exposure to these dangers.

Grooming the coat, the eyes, the ears, the teeth and claws of the Beagle should not be done randomly: every owner should know how to do it, as otherwise it may injure or even harm the dog. So, the first time it may be helpful to ask a vet or groomer to show you how.

It is also very important to accustom the dog to all these manipulations from a very young age., when it is most malleable, so that they seem normal and do not rebel. Maintenance sessions will be calmer and more enjoyable for everyone.

When feeding a Beagle, it is better to give preference to croquettes that contain a large amount of meat, since they are richer in protein. Due to its high level of exercise, needs more protein than many other dogs.

Unless you have a great experience on the subject, "homemade" food should be avoided, since it is difficult to find the perfect balance, especially since it is easy for you to become overweight if your diet is poorly calibrated, and the necessary proportions of each nutrient in your diet can change over time.

This is the case, above all, if the dog is used to hunting and, therefore, spend more than usual during certain periods. In this case, you have to increase the amount of food from time to time to meet their greatest needs, but you also have to check the contents of its bowl to match the recommended diet for a hunting dog. These may include, it is important that you receive high amounts of fats and proteins of good quality and easy digestion. Once the hunting season is over, It is important, of course, go back to regular servings to avoid weight gain.

Be it a Beagle or a representative of another race, a puppy's diet influences not only the present, but also in the future. It is the "fuel" that allows your body to grow and form properly.. An individual who does not eat properly (both quantitatively and qualitatively) during this crucial period you are at risk of stunting, that can affect the rest of your life. On the other hand, if the food given to the baby is too good, it is likely to grow too fast: this can cause injury, joint problems, deformities, etc., with possible consequences for life.

So, do not hesitate to seek the experience of a veterinarian to act in the best possible way, especially since their nutritional needs are constantly changing throughout their growth period.

Dividing the daily ration into at least two meals and feeding them at a fixed time is one of the best habits to adopt when feeding your Beagle.

This is because the Beagle you know you can count on a second meal later in the day and, therefore, less likely to ask for it. It also builds trust in the owner, as the dog can see that he can be trusted to meet his food needs.

The beagles they are very gluttonous and, therefore, are at real risk of obesity if they eat more than they should for their activity level.

Aided by its developed sense of smell, does not hesitate to look for food throughout the house, starting with the garbage. And when he finds food, rarely stops before the last crumb. For this reason, make sure he can't rummage through the trash and put his food and treats in a safe and inaccessible place and/or in a container that is difficult to open, like a box. Better to avoid bags and covers, that can easily break.

As for the treats, it is better not to abuse them, although they are a great ally to achieve their goals in their education. In any case, It is recommended to opt for low-fat products and get into the habit of deducting the caloric intake they represent from your daily ration..

Her propensity to be overweight also means you don't have to give in to her imploring gaze when ordering food at the table., nor give him the leftovers: apart from the fact that certain dishes highly appreciated by humans are toxic to their companions, there is little chance that they will meet your nutritional needs.

Like any dog, the Beagle must have fresh water available at all times.

This is especially important when the dog is under great stress., for example, during the hunt. It is wise to carry enough water for him and offer him a drink regularly, otherwise it may resort to puddles, ponds and other potentially unhealthy water sources.

In any case, the amount of money needed to adopt a Beagle depends essentially on the prestige of the kennel, the quality of the line from which the animal comes, but also and above all of its own characteristics, in particular its physical characteristics, that is to say, of its proximity to the breed standard and of its possible predispositions to hunting.

The price of a puppy Beagle it can vary a lot, from something less than 500 euros up to almost 1.500 EUR.

But, most of the time around 1.000 EUR, without significant differences between males and females. You can expect to pay around 1200 euros for an individual whose qualities predestine it for exhibitions or breeding.

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PLAYING BEAGLES

What a beagle will do for food

• FCI CLASSIFICATION:
• Group :
• Section : . .

Federations:

FCI ⓘ, AKC ⓘ, ANKC ⓘ, CKC ⓘ, ​KC ⓘ, NZKC ⓘ, UKC ⓘ

Use:

Bloodhound type dog.

General appearance:

It is a dog with a compact and robust body structure, that gives the impression of quality without being clumsy.

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS: The distance between the occiput and the tip of the nose, divided by stop, in two parts as equal as possible. Height at the elbow is almost half the height at the withers.

He is a happy dog, whose essential function is to hunt mainly the hare by following its trail. You are bold and active with determination and tenacity. Is alert, intelligent and has a balanced temperament. He is kind and vigilant, does not show aggressiveness or shyness.

Head:

• Skull: Slightly domed, moderately broad with a slight occipital ridge.
• Depression links (Stop): Is well defined.

facial region:

• Nose: Wide, Black preferred, although attenuated pigmentation is allowed in light-colored specimens. Large windows.
• Snout: It is not pointed.
• Lips: Reasonably developed.
• Jaws / Teeth: Jaws must be strong, with a perfect scissor bite, regular and complete, that is to say, that the upper incisors closely overlap the lower ones and are implanted vertically in the maxillae.

EYES: Dark brown or hazelnut color, quite large, or sunk or prominent, well separated from each other, with a sweet and friendly expression.

EARS: long, with a rounded tip which reaches near the end of the nose when the ears are turned forward. Low insertion, fine texture, hang gracefully close to the cheeks.

Neck:

Body:

Short in the kidney area, but well balanced. top line: Straight and level.

• Pork loin: Powerful and flexible.
• Breast : It descends to below the elbows. Well sprung ribs that extend perfectly back.
• Bottom line and belly: Not excessively raised.

Tail:

Tips

PREVIOUS MEMBERS:

• Shoulder: Shoulder blades set back, not heavy. Elbows: Firm with no outward or inward deflection.
• Forearm: Straight forelimbs, vertical and well placed under the body; with good substance and round bones. The limbs do not decrease to the feet.
• Metacarpus: Short.
• Previous feet: Compact and firm. Well articulated, with strong pads. It does not present hare's feet. Short nails.

LATER MEMBERS:

• Thighs: Muscular.
• Knees: Angled.
• Warm-tarsal joints: Firms, low and parallel to each other.
• Hind feet: Compact and firm. Well articulated, with strong pads. It does not present hare's feet. Short nails.

Movement:

Mantle

Fur: Short, dense, weather resistant.

Color:

• Tricolor (black, fire and white);
• blue, white and tan,
• spotted badger color,
• spotted color hare,
• lemon stained,
• lemon and white,
• Red and white,
• black and white,
• totally white.

Except for the totally white ones, all the aforementioned colors can be found as mottled. No other color is allowed. The tip of the tail is white.

Size and weight:

Desirable minimum height at the withers: 33 cm.. Desirable maximum height to withers: 40 cm..

Fouls:

Any deviation from the aforementioned criteria is considered as a fault and the severity of this is considered to the degree of the deviation to the standard and its consequences on the health and well-being of the dog.and the dog's ability to perform its traditional task.

FALTAS DESCALIFICANTES:

• Aggressiveness or extreme shyness.
• Any dog ​​showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities.

• Males should have two normal-appearing testicles fully descended into the scrotum..
• Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with the typical conformation of the breed, should be used for parenting.