Vogel

โ–ท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

Plum-headed Parakeet
Psittacula cyanocephala

Origin: Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
Character: shy and smart
Life expectancy: 20 years
Height: 33 to 37 cm..


Cotorra cabeciazul

Content

Description:

Among 33โ€“37 cm. in length and weighing between 56โ€“85 grams.
The Plum-headed Parakeet or Plum headed Parakeet (Psittacula cyanocephala) has the forecrown, lores, cheeks and ear-coverts bright red malva, fading to blue on lower cheeks, the crown and back neck, with the black stripe of the โ€œmustacheโ€ forming a collar black narrow, then bordered by a wide swath of pale green.

Mantle, back and scapulars dark green; rump and uppertail-coverts bright blue green.
Upperwing-coverts smaller and medium bright green with brown patch in the minors; greater coverts and alula darker and duller.
The primaries and secondaries dark green. Underwing-coverts bluish green, underparts brighter yellowish green. Upper, the tail bright color in the center, with white tips, slightly spatulate, outer feathers brighter yellowish green.

The Upper mandible orange-yellow, and the lower beak blackish, but pale flesh at chin; irises yellowish white; legs greenish-grey.

Head of the female grey-blue, in the beige throat and the sides of the neck, without black markings or maroon on wing-coverts; bill paler, tail somewhat shorter.

The greenish head of the immature sometimes tinged with gray; central feathers tail shorter.

The females reach adult plumage to 15 months; young male reach full adult plumage to 30 months.

Habitat:

Video – "Plum-headed Parakeet" (Psittacula cyanocephala)

Plum-headed parakeet (Psittacula cyanocephala)
Watch this video on YouTube.

Preferred habitat Plum-headed Parakeet They are the mosaic of forests and farmland in the plains and hills, including humid forests deciduous, sal forest (Shorea) and subtropical Pine (Pinus roxburghii), usually below the 500 meters in the north of the range, but locally 1.500 m.

Move small flocks, although larger congregations are formed in places where food is abundant, particularly during ripening crop, and also, loudly, in communal roosts with bamboo thickets or other dense vegetation.

They forage in mixed flocks in the company of the Malabar Parakeet and Slaty-headed Parakeet.

Reproduction:

The Plum-headed Parakeet nests in holes in the trunk or hamstring, sometimes in an old nest extended "woodpecker" or "bearded". In Pakistan, Tall Pines (Pinus roxburgii), dead or dying, They are favorite nesting.

The nest chamber no liner except wood shavings produced during construction. Often reproduced in loose colonies. The male defends the nest site from other species (as the Rose-ringed Parakeet) for a few weeks before breeding. The female incubates alone. The breeding season It, mainly, in the months of December / January April; occasionally also in July-August Sri Lanka.

The laying is of 4-5 eggs, rarely 6.

Food:

Registered foods include flowering shrubs (Justicia adhatoda) and wild Granada (Punica granatum), nectar Salmalia, flowers Butea and Bassia, grains, including the sorghum and the corn, fig and apricot fruit, red peppers and chard seeds (Echinops and Cnicus). Preference for bamboo seeds in the Bandhavgarh National Park, sometimes destructive to crops.

Possibly frugivores than their counterparts, preferring smaller seeds.

Distribution:

Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident) 2,780,000 km2

The Plum-headed Parakeet They live in low-lying hills Himalaya, from the North-East of Pakistan through Nepal, Bhutan and West Bengal and through substantially the entire India and Sri Irinka, besides the Islas Rameswaram.

Usually frequents though, apparently, reducing its population Sri Lanka due to loss of habitat, making birds now, to a large extent, they are absent in the lowlands. It has also reduced its population in the kathmandu valley, Nepal.

Resident, but locally nomadic outside of breeding season, in response to the food supply; more predictable seasonal movements in some areas.

Conservation:

State of conservation โ“˜

minor concern Minor Concern โ“˜ (UICN)โ“˜

โ€ข Current Red List of UICN: Least concern

โ€ข Population trend: Decreasing

The Intermediate Parakeet (Psittacula intermedia) (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) is now considered a hybrid between the Plum-headed Parakeet (Psittacula cyanocephala) and Slaty-headed Parakeet (Psittacula himalayana) (Rasmussen and Collar (1999))

The size of the world population Plum-headed Parakeet It has not been quantified, but the species, according to information, it is enough common in nepal and in general, common in india (pit et to the. 1997).

Its population is suspected to be in decline due to ongoing habitat destruction.

"Plum-headed Parakeet" in captivity:

Large captive population. Although this species is not exploited as much as sympatric (in the same geographic region) Alexandrine Parakeet, trade takes its toll on local populations across the range.

They are birds Smart and many can learn to speak, but not as easily as other larger parrots.

Most of the Plum-headed Parakeet enjoy being close to your caregiver, However, They do not like caresses.

They tend to be Shy at the beginning; But, with the time, patience and daily interaction, They do become docile bird quite easily.

These tend to be parrots assets in an aviary environment and can become apathetic in an environment of cage. Their preferred environment should be an aviary, or an environment that allows them to travel and move freely in a safe environment.

In a communal aviary, usually they get along with other birds – However, You can be assertive with larger birds.

Unlike the rest of psittaculas, They are not very vocal and vocalizations, especially male, usually quite melodious.

It's not a difficult kind of create. Unlike many parrots, the-headed Parrot your partner do not bind for life.

With regard to its longevity, according to sources, a specimen lived for 18,8 years in captivity. The maximum longevity could be underestimated in this species.. In captivity, estos animales pueden criar, approximately, to the 2 years of age.

Alternative names:

– Plum-headed Parakeet, Blossom-headed Parakeet, Plum headed Parakeet (English).
– Perruche ร  tรชte prune, Perruche ร  tรชte de prune (French).
– Pflaumenkopfsittich, Plaumenkopfsittich (German).
– Periquito-cabeรงa-de-ameixa (Portuguese).
– Cotorra cabeciazul, Cotorra Ciruela, Cotorra de Cabeza Azul (espaรฑol).


scientific classification:

Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus

– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittaculidae
– Genus: Psittacula
– Scientific name: Psittacula cyanocephala
– Citation: (Linnaeus, 1766)
– Protonimo: Psittacus cyanocephalus


Plum-headed Parakeet Images:

Cotorra-cabeciazul-(5)
Cotorra-cabeciazul-(4)
Cotorra-cabeciazul-(3)
Cotorra-cabeciazul-(2)

Parrots in the world

Especies del gรฉnero Psittacula

Sources:

– Avibase
– Parrots of the World โ€“ Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife

– Photos:

(1) – Plum-headed Parakeet (Psittacula cyanocephala) at Bogazici Zoo, By Nevit Dilmen Turkey (Own work) [GFDL or CC-BY-SA-3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Plum-headed Parakeet (Psittacula cyanocephala) at the mini zoo, Kapparis. Standing on a nesting box in a cage By Glen Bowman (originally posted to Flickr as Cyprus-162) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Plum-headed Parakeet (Psittacula cyanocephala) male in flight Location: Thattekad, Kerala, India By Lip Kee Yap [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – An adult female Plum-headed Parakeet at Flying High Bird Sanctuary, Apple Tree Creek, Queensland, Australia By paulgear (Picasa Web Ablums) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – plum-headed parakeet – Psittacula cyanocephala by Dhruvaraj S – Flickr

– Sounds: Conrad Pinto (Xeno-canto)

โ–ท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

Great Green Macaw
Ara ambiguus

Origin: Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador
Character: Shy
Life expectancy: 30 years.
Height: 77 to 85 cm..


Guacamayo Ambiguo

Content

Description:

Ilustraciรณn Guacamayo Ambiguo

77 to 85 cm.. length and an average weight of 1300 g..
The Great Green Macaw (Ara ambiguus) has the forecrown and the former area of the lores dark red; crown bright green, bluish in the nape. The the mantle and back Green olive: scapulars of the same colour but some with blue tips; rump and uppertail-coverts bright pale blue, lesser and median coverts greenish oliva-marron; greater coverts bluish green. The primaries and secondaries blue, more dark in the margin of the vane inner. Wing feathers color olive; rest of underwing-coverts color oro-oliva.

Black feathers off at the top of the throat bordering the lower jaw; rest of the throat, the chest and the belly brighter yellowish green, feathers on the lower area of the abdomen with red bases hidden; undertail- coverts pale blue. Under, the tail, reddish orange in the Center with blue tips, increasingly blue outer feathers and more completely blue external; undertail, the tail, color oro-oliva.

upper jaw Blackish at the base, color Horn towards the tip and edges, lower jaw negruzca; bare skin of the lores posterior and cheeks of pink color crossed by narrow lines of dark red feathers in sabers and black in the cheeks; irises pale yellow, legs dark grey.

Both sexes similar.

The tail of the immature opaque yellow-tipped, the plumage duller than the adult Green (especially below), the irises brown.

The older adult birds sometimes show patches of Turquoise in the plumage, especially in rear of the neck and the chest.

NOTE:

    The Military Macaw (Ara militaris) is so similar to this species, in German are called minor military Macaw (Militaris) and greater (ambiguous).

    An Ecuadorean specimen intermediate between the Great Green Macaw (Ara ambiguus) and the Military Macaw (Ara militaris) suggests one hybridization, thus increasing the possibility that the two forms are the same species. Although separate from the ecological point of view.

    The Ambiguous macaws and Military could be in contact in the lower part of the Valle del Cauca in Colombia, and in the Northwest of Ecuador and West Colombia. The Great Green Macaw (mainly from moist lowland forests) use deciduous forests, While the Military Macaw (mainly of dry upland forest) are also recorded in humid lowland forests. Both make seasonal movements and in the case of the Military Macaw, they perform movements of long distance between their preferred habitats.

    The length of the tail and of the wings of the Mexican military Macaw and species nominal of the Great Green Macaw, They show a considerable overlap. Waiting to collect more details, the Great Green Macaw and the Military Macaw are here treated as separate species.

Subspecies description:

  • Ara ambiguus ambiguus

    (Bechstein, 1811) – The nominal species


  • Ara ambiguus guayaquilensis

    (Chapman, 1925) – The bill smaller, with a more greenish color under the flight feathers and under the tail.

Habitat:

The Great Green Macaw they are very shy birds and difficult to see, usually found at no lower altitudes of 35 meters in the treetops. They feed in silence and many times could be up to more than five hours in a same tree.

Mainly observed in moist lowland forests, but also in deciduous forests in the Chongon region to the southwest of Ecuador.

In Costa Rica in the primary forest of low and clear land with tall trees, from time to time in the lower montane forests. Crossing open between forest fragments fields and visit remnants of trees of the species Dipteryx on forest pastures.

Remote forests in Panama.

In Ecuador inhabits humid lowlands, deciduous forest and Montane forest low but also visit more open areas for feeding.

They come to the 600 metres in the Cordillera de Guanacaste, Costa Rica; between 1.000 and more rarely 1.500 m, in Darien, Panama.

Less sociable than other large macaws, Although usually seen in pairs, in groups of 3-4, and more rarely in groups of up to twelve birds.

Reproduction:

Form pairs of lifetime and are almost true to their nests, nesting from December to June. Most couples put the first egg at the end of January and by February the nests are already with hatchlings. The female incubates the eggs, While the male brings food to the nest. Both parents are responsible for feeding the pigeons, to do so approximately every two hours. They are birds that take care of their chicks until they can fend for themselves., They even take care of them until that hatch the chicks of the season.

The average clutch consists of 2 – 3 white eggs, they are incubated by the female for a few 26 days. The babies are blind, nude and completely dependent on the care of parents; they weigh around 23 g..

The chicks are fed by both parents and they leave the nest When you have about 12 – 13 weeks of age. At the time they leave the nest, usually weigh between 930-985 g..

A nest in Guayas, Ecuador, in the cavity of a tree of the species Cavanillesia platanifolia. Reported nestings between August-October in Ecuador. Breeding during the dry season (December-April) in Costa Rica.

Food:

The diet of the Great Green Macaw includes fruits of Lecythis costaricensis, Dipteryx panamensis, Sloanea, Dalium guianensis and Ficus, and flowers of Symphonia globulifera.

Feeds in the treetops.

Distribution:

Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 100,000 km2

Its distribution ranges from the East of Honduras to western Colombia and West of Ecuador.

Observed in the lowlands of the Caribbean from the east of Honduras through this of Nicaragua to the lowlands of Costa Rica especially on the slope of the Caribbean, including the Cordillera de Guanacaste.

In Panama especially on the slope of the Caribbean, but also locally in the peaceful. From East Panama to the tropical zone to the West of Colombia, on Western Cordillera of the Andes and South to the upper area of the Atrato River and Serrania del Baudo (possibly up to Buenaventura) and East towards the north end of the Andes in the West of the upper part of the Sinu river valley.

In West Ecuador observed mostly from the Colonche hills, Northwest of Guayaquil; also further north, in Esmeraldas, possibly in the extreme southwest of Colombia, although the forests here are, Perhaps, too wet (See geographic variation).

Numbers fluctuate locally due to seasonal foraging movements. Local appearances in Costa Rica they often coincide with the fruiting of trees of the species Dipteryx.

Local, being the most common of the great macaws in Panama. But, in general, Rare, with the decline in recent large scale of its population due to obvious deforestation in the range.

Extinguished much of Ecuador, where the population (only 100 birds) It is threatened by loss of habitat due to urbanization and agriculture.

The exploitation of trees of the species Dipteryx It poses a serious threat in Costa Rica.

They occur in several protected areas, including the The Darien biosphere reserve, Panama, Rรญo Plรกtano Biosphere Reserve, Honduras and Cotacachi-Cayapas ecological reserve, Ecuador, but seasonal pilgrimages suggest that these areas are insufficient on their own to preserve populations.

Less common than Military Macaw (Ara militaris) in captivity and bred rarely. CITES Appendix I. VULNERABLE (included as subspecies of the Military Macaw Necklace et to the. 1994).

Subspecies distribution:

  • Ara ambiguus ambiguus

    (Bechstein, 1811) – The nominal species


  • Ara ambiguus guayaquilensis

    (Chapman, 1925) – In critical hazard; they live in the wild in limited sectors of the western part of the Ecuador; its habitat is characteristic in humid tropical and dry forests of the Ecuadorian coast

Conservation:

State of conservation โ“˜

Endangered Endangered โ“˜ (UICN)โ“˜

โ€ข Current Red List of UICN: Danger
โ€ข Population trend: Decreasing

Recent estimates suggest that the population has less than 2.500 mature individuals (or less than 3.700 in total if we include juveniles and immature); the largest subpopulation would be found in Darien, to the East of Panama, with less than 1.700 mature individuals (or less than 2.500 in total). Still you have to be careful, due to that in non-breeding times can form groups of 50 individuals or more, It can be qe will overestimate their populations. It also, Although it is most abundant in Darien, It is found in specific areas, finding numerous areas without copies.

THREATS

LOSS OF HABITAT: In Central America, deforestation among other things to increase banana plantations and cattle ranching, as well as logging for other reasons, they have strongly affected. In fact, annual deforestation rates are very high throughout its range, and deforestation in Panama likely to be superior to the 30% its original range. In other countries like Costa Rica and Ecuador its range has also been reduced in recent 100 years. Urbanization and agriculture that have destroyed their habitat have resulted in great part with the subspecies of the Ecuador.

These may include, the Zona Norte (Costa Rica) has suffered the highest rate of deforestation in the country in the last two decades, both legal and illegal, leaving less than a 30% the forest on foot. But, It is important to mention that several scientific studies highlight the high level of biodiversity of the forests of the North Huetar region, among the most diverse of Central America.

As well, Although there are few protected areas for these birds as the Indio-Maรญz Biological Reserve of Nicaragua, where they found an extensive habitat conducive to its development; However, Incursions by Costa Rican loggers to the other side of the San Juan River, so this reservation, one of the most important of Central America It is also not safe from chainsaws.

CAPTURE ILLEGAL: the illegal trade that exists with the Great Green Macaw for use as a pet is a factor that jeopardizes its existence.
They are also captured because their feathers are used to make paintings about them.

HUNTING: It also seems that sometimes fires them as a pest to crops.

CONSERVATION MEASURES

With regard to the threats, of course it is your hunt forbidden for the trade, power or to obtain their feathers, Although often living standards are not met.

Is located in the CITES both in Appendix I and II as.

RESERVATIONS: It is very important for these birds the Darien biosphere reserve, Panama, and the adjacent Los Katรญos National Natural Park, Colombia. There are also other important reserves in all the countries covered, although they provide little protection for these birds..

In Costa Rica, Although it was a proposed moratorium on logging the almond trees, This finally was not carried out. On the other hand, a Government-backed conservation strategy is being implemented in Ecuador.

Proof that the investigation in these cases is important, is that in 2007, a rapid assessment study looking for last survivors in the Cordillera-Chongon Colonche, Ecuador, gave positive results.

On the other hand, There is a bi-national campaign in the lowlands of the San Juan River (Nicaragua and Costa Rica), which aims to increase knowledge of biology, threats and conservation, and strengthen the management of natural resources.

The Research and conservation of the Great Green Macaw project dedicated since 1994 to the study of the conservation biology of the Great Green Macaw on Zona Norte (Costa Rica) and it has an important biological database on this species, in fact the only information of this type that exists in Central America, according to the same source. This project was initiated to concerns that its population was restricted and that the forest was also be sacrificing at a very fast pace. The project is supported from 1997 by the Tropical Scientific Center, the same body that administers the The Monteverde Cloud forest biological reserve. The concern was justified when the first phase of the study determined that the area of distribution of the Great Green Macaw in Costa Rica had been reduced by 90% Since the beginning of the 20th century.

In Costa Rica have been reproduced in captivity at some sites, as the ZOOAVE Zoo.

PROPOSED CONSERVATION MEASURES:

โ€ข One of them is to make effective the protection in the reserves of Honduras and Nicaragua.

โ€ข Another is to designate the proposed Maquenque National Park, in Costa Rica.

โ€ข Trade should be restricted through law enforcement and educational campaigns.

โ€ข Finally, it would be very interesting to acquire private reserves in certain areas, to ensure the same protection.

"Great Green Macaw" in captivity:

Less common than Military Macaw (Ara militaris) in captivity and bred rarely.

The Great Green Macaw only recommended for experienced handlers and breeders. There are more silent than other macaws and can be kept with other large macaws outside of the breeding season.

Breeding pairs require long flights of at least 15 m. These parrots are not suitable for the interior of a House.

With regard to its longevity, according to sources, one specimen was still alive after 29 years in captivity.

Alternative names:

– Great Green Macaw, Buffon’s Macaw, Grand Military Macaw, Green Macaw (English).
– Ara de Buffon, Grand Ara vert (French).
– Bechsteinara, Bechstein-Ara, Grosser Soldatenara (German).
– Arara-militar-grande (Portuguese).
– Guacamaya Verdelimรณn, Guacamayo Ambiguo, Guacamayo de Cara Blanca, Guacamayo verde mayor, Guara verde, Lapa Verde (espaรฑol).
– Guacamaya Verdelimรณn, Gucamaya verde limรณn (Colombia).
– Guacamayo verde mayor, Lapa Verde (Costa Rica).
– Guacamayo verde mayor (Ecuador).
– Bagarapabara (Emberรก).


scientific classification:

Johann Matthew Bechstein
Johann Matthew Bechstein

– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittacidae
– Genus: ARA
– Scientific name: Ara ambiguus
– Citation: (Bechstein, 1811)
– Protonimo: Psittacus ambiguus


Images Great Green Macaw:

Guacamayo-Ambiguo-(5)
Guacamayo-Ambiguo-(4)
Guacamayo-Ambiguo-(3)
Guacamayo-Ambiguo-(2)

Videos "Great Green Macaw"

ยซAmbiguo Guacamayoยป (Ara ambiguus)

Parrots in the world

Species of the genus Ara


Sources:

– Avibase
– Parrots of the World โ€“ Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife

– Photos:

(1) – Great Green Macaw in the zoo in Hodonรญn, Czech Republic By Bohuna Mikulicovรก (Hodonรญn Zoo) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Ara ambigua from Zoo Schmiding By Alois Staudacher (Own work) [GFDL or CC-BY-SA-3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Great Green Macaw (also known as Buffonโ€™s Macaw). A male in a cage By Ruth Rogers (originally posted to Flickr as Male Buffonโ€™s Macaw) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Ara ambiguus at the zoo at Paradise Village Resort, Nuevo Vallarta, Nayarit, Mexico By Riley Huntley (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 or GFDL], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Ara ambiguus, La Selva, Costa Rica By Don Faulkner (Great Green Macaw) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Onze vogels in huis en tuin By Keulemans, J. G. [CC BY 2.0 or Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

– Sounds: (Xeno-canto)

โ–ท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

Pacific parakeet
Psittacara strenuus

Origin: Mexico, Nicaragua, Guatemala, El Salvador
Character: ---
Life expectancy: ---
Height: 33 cm..


Periquito Pacรญfico

Content


Anatomy-parrots

Description ยซPacific Parakeetยป:

Of 33 cm.. length.

The Pacific parakeet (Psittacara strenuus) has most of its plumage bright green. The underparts are yellowish. Some birds may have some feathers Orange at neck and throat in variable patterns. blue dye in primary coverts and vane outer of the flight feather. Underwing-coverts off yellowish green. The lower feathers of the wings they are yellowish metal.

The bill color horn. Eye ring bare greyish Brown. Iris orange. The legs greyish pale.

The immature they are similar to the adults but with the irises brown.

Note:

The Pacific parakeet (Psittacara strenuus) for a long time it was considered a subspecies of Psittacara holochlorus

Habitat of the โ€œPacific Parakeetโ€:

The Pacific parakeet It is in a wide variety of forest types, including wetlands, semi-Bosque, open scrub forests, plantations and farmland with scattered groves.

In Mexico, they live in semi-deciduous forests, riparian vegetation and in the form of patches of semi-deciduous medium and perennial trees of Manilkara zapota, Ceiba petandra, Cedrela odorata, Enterolobyum ciclocarpum, Cordia allidora, Bursera simaruba, Brosimum alicastrum.

Sedentary, but it probably makes local movements in response to food availability.

Outside the breeding season can be seen in large flocks noisy, often in groups of up to 200 birds or more, especially where is food abundant.

In El Salvador, occupy the suburbs of La Sultana, Antiguo Cuscatlรกn, which it provided an opportunity to estimate the population in the roost, to assess seasonal variations and changes over one year (October 2003 – September 2004). the resting places were also observed in this area and found that these places are used by other parrots as Brotogeris jugularis, Psittacara rubritorquis and other species that probably escaped from captivity.

Reproduction:

Nest in tree cavities, on the walls of rocky cliffs or in termite colonies. Other details about their reproductive behavior remain unknown. The size of the implementation tends to be of 4 eggs.

A colony of the Pacific parakeet (Psittacara strenuus) was studied in the Masaya Volcano National Park in Nicaragua from 1993 until 1994.

The parakeets nested in two craters of the Nindirรญ volcano. They dug their nests in the soft Earth of the wall of the volcano and began to settle on the volcano at the end of the dry season. They nested Once a year, in the rainy season, and they gradually abandoned the volcano toward the end of that season, when their young could fend for themselves. All parakeets left the volcano during the morning and it was a count in the course of the afternoon, When they return from their feeding grounds.

Food:

Little is known about of its diet. They feed on fruits and seeds, they sometimes attack cereal crops.

Distribution of the ยซPacific Parakeetยป:

Endemic to the Pacific slope of the Isthmus of Central America, of Oaxaca up to the middle of Nicaragua, mountainous areas of Guatemala to 2.100 meters and El Salvador, where it is a common permanent resident inhabiting forested or semi-forested regions at altitudes of 1.350 m.

Distribution in Mexico: Pacific slope from the east of Oaxaca until Chiapas. In areas in Chiapas and Oaxaca they have disappeared from tropical forests

Conservation:

The Pacific parakeet is not threatened globally. It is considered one threatened species in Mexican legislation. Threatened on NAME-059-ECOL-2001. CITES Appendix II. This species should be classified as in Danger of extinction by their reduced distribution, deforestation of its Habitat and illegal trafficking.

However,They show a high adaptability to changes in natural ecosystems caused by the human.

There are no programs for the conservation of the species.

The "Pacific Parakeet" in captivity:

Rare in captivity.

Its marketing is prohibited in Mexico.

The illegal trade in parrots and macaws is held thanks to demand from consumers. If the demand for these wild species is reduced, then the offer would be reduced and therefore the illegal capture.

If you create an international demand of these captive-bred parrots, there will be unscrupulous traffickers who will try to meet the demand with illegally captured specimens, which will only serve to undermine more wild populations.

Alternative names:

– Pacific Parakeet, Pacific Conure (English).
– Conure de Ridgway, Perruche du Pacifique (French).
– Mexikosittich, Mexicosittich (German).
– Periquito-do-pacรญfico (Portuguese).
– Aratinga del Pacรญfico, Perico Centroamericano, Perico Gorgirrojo, Perico Verde Centroamericano, Periquito del Pacรญfico, Periquito Pacรญfico, Perico Chocoyo, Barranqueรฑo (espaรฑol).
– Periquito del Pacรญfico (Honduras).
– perico centroamericano, Perico Verde Centroamericano, Periquito pacรญfico (Mexico).
– Perico Gorgirrojo (Nicaragua).

scientific classification:

Robert Ridgway
Robert Ridgway

– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittacidae
– Genus: Psittacara
– Scientific name: Psittacara strenuus
– Citation: (Ridgway, 1915)
– Protonimo: Conurus vigorous holochlorus

Images "Pacific parakeet"

Videos "Pacific parakeet"

————————————————————————————————

Sources:

– Avibase
– Parrots of the World โ€“ Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Colony breeding of the Pacific Parakeet Aratinga strenua Ridgway 1915 in the Masaya Volcano National Park, Nicaragua – researchgate
– pericosmexico
– academia.edu

– Photos:

(1) – Psittacara strenuus (Chocoyo) on the cruise, Nicaragua By SergioTorresC (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons

– Sounds: Frank Lambert (Xeno-canto)

โ–ท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

Barred Parakeet
Bolborhynchus lineola

Origin: Mexico, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Guatemala, Honduras, Peru
Character: Docile
Life expectancy: 15 years
Height: 17 cm..

Catita Barrada

Content

Description:


Anatomy-parrots

They measure 17 cm. long and weigh between 47 and 55 g.
The Barred Parakeet (Bolborhynchus lineola) has a size similar to the of a Sparrow. The tail and wings they are pointed. Slightly different sexes: in males, the eyes they are brown, the eye ring grey, the bill and legs flesh-colored. The head and underparts they are bright green, with a tenuous beaming on the sides and the tail coverts. The wings they have very marked black bars at the shoulder and patch black(not always visible), the upperparts they are green with a beaming widely dispersed black in the nape and back.
The females and juveniles they present a beaming more pardo. A wide black border and dark green bottom; the irises Dark coffee and legs pink (Howell and Webb, 1995).

Subspecies description:

  • Bolborhynchus lineola lineola

    (Cassin, 1853) – The nominal


  • Bolborhynchus lineola tigrinus

    (Souance, 1856) – Dark green, Crown and bright green front and the rough black is more intense.

Habitat:

Rare and unpredictable. It lives in humid forests, subandinos and Andean cloud forests, open areas, from 900 at 2900m. They are nomads, with numerous flocks (150 or more individuals) following the fruition of the โ€œchusqueโ€ (This chusquea). In small groups or in pairs during the dry season in Central America.

Reproduced in elevations of 1500 meters or more and, like most parrots, they prefer to raise their chicks in a hollow tree or limb trunk. In the winter after the breeding season, the Barred Parakeet often descends to lowland forests. This season, Many feed on partially cleared areas, areas cultivated and in them sheets.

Registered at altitudes from 900 to 2.400 m. in Mexico; by under 1.500 m. in Honduras, Although below 600 After the playback meters; above 1.500 m especially in the West of Panama, although there are records there and in Costa Rica below the 600 m; between 900 and 1,500 m. in Venezuela, between 1,600 and 2,600 m. in Colombia, and until 2.900 m. in the South of Ecuador.

Little known about the habits of these small wild parrots. Since they are small, they like to live high in the treetops, and they are very well camouflaged in their environment, still very hard to see in nature. It also, they are not as noisy as other parrots, which makes them difficult to detect. Most frequently observed during the flight, because they often emit a chirp while flying, What can attract the attention of an observer of birds.

Reproduction:

It nests colonies, in tree hollows, Although you can to occur in crevices in Rocky escarpments, probably during the dry season in Costa Rica; during the month of December in Panama; July-August in Colombia.

Food:

Reported foods that make up their diet include Myrtis, Heliocarpus and Miconia, catkins of Cecropia and bamboo seeds; they occasionally forage in cultivated areas, where has observed them is consuming corn.

Distribution:

Distributed in South of Mexico to western Panama and separated by the Andes, from Venezuela until Peru.

In Mexico they can be observed on the Atlantic slope, in the Highlands of Veracruz, Oaxaca, Chiapas and possibly (There is only a record) in Warrior, also seen in the South of Guatemala (a record from time to time) and in the Highlands of Honduras, with a single bird observed in Nicaragua, specifically in Saint Mary of Ostuma; also registered in those areas mountain of Costa Rica (not seen in areas of the Northwest, for example in the Cordillera de Guanacaste) and in the West of Panama (apparently absent from Central and Eastern).

Distributed through them Andes, to the Northwest of Venezuela in the Federal District, Tรกchira and Merida; scattered locations of Colombia, in subtropical areas of the Western Andes, Central and Eastern and in the massif of Santa Marta; Ecuadorian Andes, with records recent in the South; Peruvian Andes, in Huanuco, Ayacucho and Cuzco, with birds, possibly of this species, observed in the North.

Scattered records, e irregular, as well as a strong nomadic tendency (movements perhaps related to bamboo planting) they indicate that their appearances may be continuous.

Apparently, is one local and rare species over much of its range, Although according to reports, is quite common in Honduras and even locally abundant in the Talamanca mountain range in Costa Rica.

Deforestation in parts of its range, Although these birds travel on cleared land and distributed (at least from time to time) in protected areas, which suggests a low risk population at present.

There is a captive specimens outside their countries of origin.

Subspecies distribution:

  • Bolborhynchus lineola lineola

    (Cassin, 1853) – The nominal


  • Bolborhynchus lineola tigrinus

    (Souance, 1856) – Mountains from northwestern Venezuela and Colombia to southern Peru

Conservation:

State of conservation โ“˜

minor concern Minor Concern โ“˜ (UICN)โ“˜

โ€ข Red List category of the UICN current: Least concern.

โ€ข Population trend: Stable.

Partners in Flight estimated the total population of Barred Parakeet in a number ranging from 50,000-499,999 individuals (A. Panjabi in litt., 2008).


The population This species is suspected of being stable in the absence of evidence of any reduction or substantial threats.


"Barred Parakeet" in captivity:

It is of a species that is has adapted well to the life in captivity, tough enough, its reproduction is expanding.

They are perfect apartment birds due to its arrangement and you need only basic things of life. Son kind and happy of being with the people, but they can be kept entertained with toys and swings when there is nobody around.

Is an Ave. moderately long-lived and if is of good health, Food and hygiene can live during 12 or 14 years.

Limited ability for speech.

They have developed many and striking mutations of color in poultry, including blue, olive, cobalt, Slate (or mauve), turquoise, lutino (bright yellow with red eyes), cremino, cinnamon, Silver, purple …

Alternative names:

– Barred Parakeet, Catherine Parakeet, Lineolated Parakeet (English).
– Toui catherine, Perruche catherine, Perruche rayรฉe (French).
– Katharinasittich, Katharina Sittich (German).
– Periquito-catarina (Portuguese).
– Catita Barrada, Catita Manchada, Chocoyo Listado, Perico Barrado, Perico Listado, Perico rayado, Periquito Barrado, Periquito Listado, Periquito saraviado (espaรฑol).
– Periquito Barrado (Colombia).
– Perico Listado, Periquito listado (Costa Rica).
– Perico rayado (Honduras).
– Perico rayado (Mexico).
– Chocoyo Listado (Nicaragua).
– Perico Barrado (Peru).
– Perico Barreteado (Venezuela).

scientific classification:

– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittacidae
– Genus: Bolborhynchus
– Scientific name: Bolborhynchus lineola
– Citation: (Cassin, 1853)
– Protonimo: Psittacula lineola

Images ยซCatita Barradaยป:

Catita-Barrada-(4)
Catita-Barrada-(3)
Catita-Barrada-(2)
Catita-Barrada-(1)

Videos "Barred Parakeet"

Parrots in the world

Species of the genus Bolborhynchus

Sources:

– Avibase
– Parrots of the World โ€“ Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife

– Photos:

(1) – A Barred Parakeet (also known as Lineolated Parakeet) in captivity By Timo Helgert (originally posted to Flickr as greenguy.) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Two pet Barred Parakeets (also known as Lineolated Parakeet) perching on a parasol By Lisa Lenscap (originally posted to Flickr as sistas) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Barred Parakeet (Bolborhynchus lineola) also known as Lineolated Parakeet or Catherine Parakeet By Lisa Lenscap [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Perruche Catherine de couleur mauve By Weena (Own work) [GFDL, CC-BY-SA-3.0 or CC BY-SA 2.5-2.0-1.0], via Wikimedia Commons

– Sounds:

โ–ท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

Santa Marta Parakeet
Pyrrhura viridicata

Origin: Colombia
Character: shy.
Life expectancy: ----
Height: 25 cm..

Cotorra de Santa Marta

Content

Description:

25 cm.. height.

The Santa Marta Parakeet (Pyrrhura viridicata) It, in general, green, with a characteristic red stripe in the middle of the chest which continues until shoulder and armpit. The scales of the chest is less evident; the flight feathers blue. Band front narrow red in the forecrown and behind the eye with red and yellow dye. Tail over green and below red opaque.

Bill color bone; brown iris; pale black legs. It has no sexual dimorphism.

Habitat:

It inhabits in humid mountain forest, clouded forest, pastures and edges, from 1900 to 2800 m. They fly at dawn and at dusk in compact and numerous flocks on the canopy of the forest. Is les has observed flying over them clear adjacent and each time more visiting them mulberry plantations.

The species rests and nests in couples and in lesser proportion in groups of three individuals in cavities of Palms of bouquet Ceroxylon ceriferum (Arecaceae).

Reproduction:

The period reproductive is starts in December and lasts until June, the cavities are visited on average 4 to 5 times a day. There is a sexual dimorphism and a low reproductive success can be associated with displacement or predation by the Aratinga wagleri wagleri (Scarlet-fronted Parakeet) or the Santa Marta Toucanet (Aulacorhynchus lautus prassinus) – Ramphastidae.

Food:

Twelve plant species are incorporated into the diet so far known to the Santa Marta Parakeet, It consists mainly of flowers and fruits, the inflorescence of the Croton bogotanus (Euphorbiaceae) is their main source of food. It forages in groups of size variable, presenting an integration and disintegration of subgroups throughout the day. A sentinel system was observed.

Distribution:

Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 1,600 km2

Endemic species of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, to the northeast of Colombia. The towns registered include The Summit, is of Taquiรฑa on the basis of the Pรกramo of Mamarongo in the Guajira, and Cerro Quemado in the mountains of San Lorenzo.

Will produce some movements altitudinal seasonal. Almost all the habitat forest subtropical is designated as reserve forest or Park national, but the clearing for plantations of marijuana has been extensive, similar to the use of herbicides to combat it. So it only remains for the 15% the original forest (especially in the hillsides North), including only 200 the preferred height of the species km2. Fairly common within this very restricted range, but the population probably below of the 5.000 birds.

Conservation:

State of conservation โ“˜

Endangered Endangered โ“˜ (UICN)โ“˜

โ€ข Current category of the Red List of the UICN: In danger of extinction.

โ€ข Population trend: Decreasing.

Rationale for the Red List category

The range of this species and its small population are probably decreasing as a result of habitat loss. So, qualifies as in danger.

Justification of the population

The population It has been estimated for a long time between 5.000 and 10.000 individuals, equivalent approximately to 3.300-6.700 mature individuals. The density of population is of 1 Ave per km2 (Botero-Delgadillo et to the. 2012). Assuming that the 680 km2 of habitat are fully occupied, the population total is calculated that is 2,900-4,800 birds, which is equivalent to 1,933-3,200 mature individuals; But, with occupation part is likely to remain less than 2.500 birds (Botero-Delgadillo et to the. 2012).

Justification of trend

Se sospecha una decrease moderate and continuous of the population on the basis of the rates of habitat loss.

Threats

only one left 15% the original vegetation of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, to a large extent on the slope North, where this species is found (LM Renjifo, Com. 1993, 2000).

The main current threat is the expansion of plantations of non-native trees, such as the of Pine and eucalyptus, in addition to the clearing of land for livestock (C. Olaciregui in litt. 2012).

ยท Historically, the conversion of forests in plantations of marijuana and coca was also a major threat (LG Olarte in litt., 1993, com LM Renjifo. Comm., 1993, J. Fjeldsรฅ verbally they 2000, pers LM Renjifo. Comm., 2000, C. Olaciregui in litt. 2012), that is compounded by the Government with application of herbicides in the sierra (LG Olarte in litt., 1993, com LM Renjifo. Comm., 1993, 2000).

Other threats that followed the human migration to the area Since the Decade of 1950 hereafter include slash & burn (Dinerstein et to the., 1995, Snyder et to the. 2000, Salazar and Strewe undated, PGW Salaman in litt. 1999).

ยท It is known to be hunted in the cold river valley, and in the San Pedro district individuals in mulberry plantations have skyrocketed. The species not found in the local bird trade (Strewe 2005).

"Santa Marta Parakeet" in captivity:

Not marketed for captive.

Alternative names:

– Santa Marta Parakeet, Santa Marta Conure (English).
– Conure des Santa Marta, Perriche de Santa Marta, Perruche de Santa Marta (French).
– Santa-Marta-Sittich, Santa Marta Sittich, Sittich (German).
– Santa Marta Parakeet (Portuguese).
– Cotorra de Santa Marta, Perico Oliva, Periquito de Santa Marta (espaรฑol).

scientific classification:

– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittacidae
– Genus: Pyrrhura
– Scientific name: Pyrrhura viridicata
– Citation: Todd, 1913
– Protonimo: Pyrrhura viridicata

Images "Santa Marta Parakeet"

Videos "Santa Marta Parakeet"

Parrots in the world

Especies del gรฉnero Pyrrhura

Santa Marta Parakeet (Pyrrhura viridicata)


Sources:

Avibase
Parrots of the World โ€“ Forshaw Joseph M
Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
Birdlife
Oliveros rooms, H.. 2005. Population and ecological evaluation of the Santa Marta parakeet Parrot parakeet in the sector of San Lorenzo, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. (ProAves.org)

Photos:

(1) – ProAves Foundation – Proaves.org

Sounds: By GABRIEL MILK (Xeno-canto)

โ–ท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

Bald Parrot
Pyrilia aurantiocephala

Origin: Brazil
Character: Active
Life expectancy: ----
Height: 23 cm..

Bald Parrot

Content

Description:

23 cm.. length.

The Bald Parrot (Pyrilia aurantiocephala) has the mandible and the upper maxilla, black with a large orange dot in the base; head naked orange chrome; lores, forecrown, pileum, nape, face and chin no true feathers; coverts only black bristles and some white bristles in lores; true feathers beginning in dorsal area neck, spectrum yellow in proximal half and yellow-green in distal half with black apex, passing rapidly to parrot green as basic color the mantle, back, uropigium, and of the uppertail-coverts; feathers in bend of wing and scapulars, yellowish orange with base scarlet; lesser wing coverts green, except scarlet carpal edge; median and greater wing coverts, with large suffusion of ultramarine blue.

The upper surface of the of remiges black with outerweb shaded with indigo blue; undersurface of remiges black color with a a shamrock greenish on the innerwebs; the outerweb and the apex of the upper surfaces of the rectrices, indigo blue, shaded to varying degrees with green; the base innerwebs of the rectrices, yellow; feathers of the chest with greenish yellow base and apex, forming a large banda pectoral; lower breast, abdomen and crissum, emerald green sprinkled with cyan; underwing-coverts scarlet; the thighs yellow; feet feet orange yellow with suffusion of ochre; irises orange.

The immature with the bare lores to the area around the eyes, orange, the rest of the head feathered dull green; upper breast greenish yellow. Bill yellow in very young birds.

Note:

This parrot was initially believed to be an immature of the species Vulturine Parrot (Pyrilia vulturina) due to the orange color head calva. But, when it was discovered that individuals were sexually mature, He described as a new species. In fact, the youth of both species have feathers head greenish, unlike adults.

Formerly, It was included in the genus Pionopsitta.

  • Sound of the Bald Parrot.

Habitat:

Seen in gallery forest and in forest ‘campinarana‘ (on white sand soils). This region is threatened by logging (Gaban-Lima et al., 2002).

viewed individually, in pairs or small flocks of up to 10 birds. It is most active during the early morning that other parrots, and before going to sleep. It stays in the upper canopy where it is well camouflaged.

Reproduction:

The breeding season possibly either during September; little is known about their breeding habits.

Food:

Feeds of seeds, fruits and possibly larvae of gall wasps (Cynipidae).

Distribution:

Size of its range (breeding/resident): 407.000 km2

The Bald Parrot They are known only in some locations covering the lower basin of Madeira river and the upper basin of Tapajos River in the Brazil Amazon, more specifically in the Sรฃo Benedito river (Field observations) and Cururu-acu River, both tributaries on the right bank of the river Teles Pires, himself a tributary of Tapajรณs.
There are several recent records of this new species from the micro-region of Madeira in the vicinity of Borba.

Since the species is currently known only from Two types of habitat and a relatively small area, it is unlikely that the population is much higher 10.000 individuals, so it is considered that it is near-threatened. It is likely to occur more records now that has been formally recognized as a species, and this may clarify its exact state.

Conservation:


Near-threatened


โ€ข Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Near-threatened.

โ€ข Population trend: Decreasing.

Population size: 6.700 specimens.

Rationale for the Red List category

This species has recently described a moderately small population is declining due to loss of habitat. So, it is classified as near threatened.

Justification of the population

The population is preliminarily estimated with a number of at least 10.000 individuals, approximately equivalent to 6.700 mature individuals. This requires confirmation.

Justification of trend

It is suspected that this species has lost 8,8-13,1% of habitat within its distribution over three generations (21 years) starting from a model of deforestation Amazon (Soares-Filho et to the., 2006, Bird et to the., 2011). So, you suspect your decrease in population <25% durante tres generaciones.

"Bald Parrot" in captivity:

unknown in captivity.

Alternative names:

– Bald Parrot, Orange-Headed ParrotT (English).
– Caรฏque chauve (French).
– Orangekopfpapagei, Langkopfpapagei (German).
– Papagaio-de-cabeรงa-laranja (Portuguese).
– Lorito Calvo (espaรฑol).

scientific classification:

– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittacidae
– Genus: Pyrilia
– Scientific name: Pyrilia aurantiocephala
– Citation: Gaban-Lima, Raposo & Hรถfling, 2002

Images "Bald Parrot"

————————————————————————————————

ยซBald Parrotยป (Pyrilia aurantiocephala)


Sources:

– Avibase
– Parrots of the World โ€“ Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Department of Zoology, Bioscience Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao, dish 14, not. 101, POCKET 05508-900, Saหœo Paulo, SP, Brazil – Notes

– Photos:

(1) – Bald Parrot (Pyrilia aurantiocephala) – Watercolor, Romain Risso. By Gossipguy (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons

โ–ท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

Yellow-naped Parrot
Amazona auropalliata

Origin: Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica
Character: Social
Life expectancy: More than 30 years.
Height: 35,5-38 cm..

Yellow-naped Parrot

Content

Description:


Anatomy-parrots

35,5-38 cm.. length and 480 g. of weight.

The Yellow-naped Parrot (Amazona auropalliata) It has a large size; their forecrown and front of the crown, usually, pale bluish green, sometimes with narrow frontal band yellow that extends to the front of the crown.

back of the crown pale bluish green; lores, cheeks and sides neck, green; nape with broad golden-yellow ban. Upperparts green with some feathers in the the mantle and in the back with blackish edges; rump and uppertail-coverts slightly brighter than the rest of the upperparts. The wing-coverts green but more emerald than upper body; feathers yellow feathers on leading edge of wing in some birds. Outerwebs of the four outer secondaries, bright red as speculum; primaries and secondaries violet blue outerweb and towards tips. Under, the wings are green. Underparts pale green with a slight bluish tinge throat.

Yellow-naped Parrot

Tail green with a wide terminal band brighter yellowish green, red at the base with outerweb of the outer feathers, blue. Bill blue, black tip; bare periophthalmic grey; irises orange; legs grey.

Both sexes are similar. The immature has the nape green with yellow feathers appearing at end of first year; irises brown.

  • Yellow-naped Parrot sound.

Description 3 subspecies:

Birds of Bay islands often they treated as parvipes, not as caribaea. Some copies of Guatemalan Pacific show forecrown yellow, but apparently not consistent racial difference.

  • Amazona auropalliata auropalliata

    (Lesson,PA, 1842) – Nominal.


  • Amazona auropalliata caribaea

    (Lousada, 1989) – Similar to the subespecie parvipes but with olive below and bill paler colored horn (especially lower jaw). usually adults patch yellow triangular in front of the crown. Young birds show little yellow in the head wave nape.


  • Amazona auropalliata parvipes

    (Monroe,BL Jr & Howell,TR, 1966) – Less than nominal species, with red feathers on the curve wing , otherwise similar.

Note:

The Amazona auropalliata, It is often considered conspecific with the Amazona ochrocephala and Amazona oratrix.

Habitat:

Video – "Yellow-naped Parrot"

My Yellow-naped Amazon talking and whistling
Watch this video on YouTube.

The Yellow-naped Parrot inhabits semiarid forests, arid scrubland and savannas (including those of Pinus), openings in deciduous tropical forests and swamps peaceful, evergreen gallery forests and, sometimes, second growth in agricultural areas. Observed to 600 metres in Guatemala and a 700 metres in Honduras. Usually in pairs or small groups, sometimes in larger meetings, but the decline of the population may now obscures large flocks in some areas. They meet at communal roosts.

Reproduction:

Monรณgama; It maintains the union of couples throughout the year.
It nests in natural cavities in trees, such as holes in old trunks or dead, including pines Nicaragua and Bay islands. breeding season in February Oaxaca and El Salvador; March Roatan. Clutch 2-3 eggs.

In captivity cycle nesting of the Yellow-naped Parrot complete with 29 days of incubation eggs, followed by two months increase of the young in the nest.

Food:

Foods reported include seeds of Cachlospermum, Curatella, Higos Ficus and fruit mature Terminalia. The birds in the Bay islands observed feeding on cones Pinus caribaea, with high seasonal dependence on this resource.

Distribution:

Size of its range (breeding/resident): 580.000 km2

The Yellow-naped Parrot It is confined to Central America. They are distributed in the lowlands Eastern Pacific of Mexico (Oaxaca and Chiapas), Guatemala (a sample taken in Petรฉn but his status there is uncertain), El Salvador (arid lowland tropical zone), Honduras and Nicaragua, to the Northwest of Costa Rica from the south end of Gulf of Nicoya northward. They can also be seen in the Caribbean slope of Honduras and in the Mosquito Coast from Honduras, as well as in the neighboring area of โ€‹โ€‹northeast Nicaragua. found in Roatan and Guanaja, in the Bay islands but absent in Utila.

Resident. Apparently uncommon in Oaxaca and rare and declining in Costa Rica. Birds observed in the Sula Valley, Honduras, previously attributed to this species but now included within the species Yellow-headed Parrot.

Formerly common and locally abundant, but probably now declining throughout its entire range due to conversion of habitat for agricultural uses and its capture for trade local and international. Not yet considered endangered, but its long-term status is uncertain if its population decline continues.

Although Guanaja reasonable numbers remain, the species inhabiting the Bay islands (caribaea), It is in serious decline due to capture for export (practically 100% of hatchlings are caught each year); also at risk from tourism development, especially in Roatan.

Distribution 3 subspecies:

  • Amazona auropalliata auropalliata

    (Lesson,PA, 1842) – Nominal. Pacific Coast of Central America, from Oaxaca, Mexico, to the Northwest of Costa Rica.


  • Amazona auropalliata caribaea

    (Lousada, 1989) – Bay islands, Honduras.


  • Amazona auropalliata parvipes

    (Monroe,BL Jr & Howell,TR, 1966) – Mosquito Coast in Honduras and northeast of Nicaragua.

Conservation:

State of conservation โ“˜

Vulnerable Vulnerable โ“˜ (UICN)โ“˜

โ€ข Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Vulnerable.

โ€ข Population trend: Decreasing.

โ€ข Population size : 20000-49999.

Rationale for the Red List category

    This species has been uploaded to Vulnerable because information on levels exploitation and habitat loss, and trends of the local population, They suggest that the species is suffering at least one rapid population decline. In fact, the rate of decline can be very rapid; However, Additional data are needed to confirm this, in which case the species may qualify for elevation In danger of extinction.

Justification of the population

    Partners in Flight estimated that the population in number of less than 50.000 individuals (A. Punjabi in some. 2008), so it is placed in the band 20.000 to 49.999 individuals on freedom.

Justification of trend

    It is suspected that the population is in rapid decline due to the continuous habitat destruction and unsustainable levels of hunting, a suspicion that is supported by the observations of trends of the local population.
Conservation Actions Underway

โ€ข CITES Appendix I (Endangered species, which they are or may be affected by international trade. Only trade in the species is authorized in the Appendix I in exceptional circumstances, and it must not have a primarily commercial purpose.)

โ€ข The species occurs in a number of protected areas.

โ€ข Efforts have been made to obtain an area of 4.000 hectares east of Monterrico on Pacific coast of Guatemala declared as protected area (C. Muccio in some . 2011).

โ€ข The species has been the subject of a number of local studies, some ongoing, aimed at gathering information on population trends and threats.

โ€ข The extent of exploitation of wildlife for the trade It has been highlighted by the local media, for example in Honduras ( by O. Andino in some . 2011).

Conservation Actions Proposed

โ€ข Carry out surveys coordinated through the range of the species to quantify the Total population size.

โ€ข Monitor the demographic trends through regular surveys.

โ€ข Monitor harvest rates for the trade through regular surveys of the local population and officials.

โ€ข Monitor rates of loss and degradation of habitat throughout the range of the species.

โ€ข Accomplish awareness activities to reduce exploitation.

โ€ข Increase the area of โ€‹โ€‹suitable habitat that receives effective protection..

The Yellow-naped Parrot in captivity:

The populations of the Amazon nuquigualda have suffered strong pressure by national and international trade (Ridgely, 1981, Iรฑigo- Elias and Ramos, 1992). There is now an illegal heavy traffic this species, both for domestic and international trade, Parrot's being seized in the Mexico-Texas border, with 648 copies confiscated during 1990-1993 (Gobbi, et to the., 1996).

protected by CITES Appendix I species (Endangered species, which they are or may be affected by international trade. Only trade in the species included in Appendix I authorized in exceptional circumstances, and it must not have a primarily commercial purpose.)

Each captive specimen of this species which is capable of reproducing, must be placed in a well-managed captive breeding program and not sold as a pet, in order to ensure its long-term survival.

Alternative names:

– Yellow naped Parrot, Yellow-naped Amazon, Yellow-naped Parrot, Yellow-naped Parrot (incl. ssp. caribaea, parvipes),
 (English).
– Amazone ร  nuque d’or, Amazone ร  nuque jaune, Amazone verte ร  nuque jaune (French).
– Gelbnackenamazone (German).
– Papagaio-de-nuca-amarela (Portuguese).
– Amazona nuquigualda, Lora de Nacu Amarilla, Lora de nuca amarilla, Lora nuca amarilla, Loro Nuca Amarilla, loro nuca-amarilla, Loro Nuquiamarillo (espaรฑol).
– Lora de nuca amarilla (Costa Rica).
– Lora nuca amarilla (Honduras).
– loro nuca amarilla, loro nuca-amarilla, Loro Nuquiamarillo (Mexico).
– Loro Nuquiamarillo (Nicaragua).


scientific classification:

drawn portrait of Adolphe Pierre Lesson
Pierre Adolphe Lesson

– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittacidae
– Genus: Amazona
– Scientific name: Amazona auropalliata
– Citation: (Lesson, 1842)
– Protonimo: Psittacus auropalliatus


Images Yellow-naped Parrot:

Amazona-nuquigualda-(9)
Amazona-nuquigualda-(8)
Amazona-nuquigualda-(7)
Amazona-nuquigualda-(6)
Amazona-nuquigualda-(5)
Amazona-nuquigualda-(4)
Amazona-nuquigualda-(3)
Amazona-nuquigualda-(2)
Parrots in the world

Species of the genus Amazona


Sources:

– Avibase
– Parrots of the World โ€“ Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife

– Photos:

(1) – A Yellow-naped Amazon at Jurong Bird Park, Singapore By Michael Gwyther-Jones from UK (Flickr) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Yellow-naped Parrot or Yellow-naped Amazon (Amazona auropalliata) at Gatorland By Josh Hallett [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Yellow-naped Parrot, also known as Yellow-naped Amazon, in an aviary at Leeds Castle, Kent, England By Martin Pettitt [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Yellow-naped Parrot or Yellow-naped Amazon (Amazona auropalliata) in captivity. Upper body By whiskymac (Flickr) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Yellow-naped Amazon (also called Yellow-naped Parrot) in a cage. A blue colour mutant variety bred in aviculture By Ruth Rogers (originally posted to Flickr as Blue Amazon) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Yellow-naped amazon by Ecocientificos 2 IE PIO XII – Flickr
(7) – Roatรกn-Gelbnackenamazone (Amazona auropalliata caribaea) By Martingloor (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(8) – Yellow-naped Parrot or Yellow-naped Amazon (Amazona auropalliata) By Just chaos [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(9) – Yellow naped Amazon parrot Matt edmonds at the English language Wikipedia [GFDL or CC-BY-SA-3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(10) – Amazona auropalliata – The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Sulphur :. London :Smith, Elder,1844 [i.e. 1843-1846]. by Biodiversity Heritage Library – Flickr

– Sounds: Marcio Martinez, XC239997. accessible www.xeno-canto.org/239997

โ–ท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

Pearly Parakeet
Pyrrhura lepida

Origin: Brazil
Character: active and social.
Life expectancy: 30 years.
Height: 24 cm..

Pearly Parakeet

Content

Description:

Pearly Parakeet

24 cm.. in length and 70โ€“80 grams in weight.

The Pearly Parakeet (Pyrrhura lepida) has the head dark blackish brown with mottled light on nape; ear-coverts creamy white; cheeks pale bluish green.

Upper mantle blue; robe bottom until uppertail-coverts, green. Scapulars green at the base, blue down; lesser wing coverts slightly green tinted olive; median coverts and older, mainly blue; some red at the leading edge of wing . Flight feathers Blue above, secondaries with green in the outerweb; dark gray below. Underwing-coverts bright red. Sides of the neck, the throat and the top chest, mainly brown with some blue marks and points yellowish brown, which gives an overall scaled aspect; The underparts remaining are green with blue on the flanks and the thighs. Upper, the tail mainly brown, green in the basal area and narrow blue tips. Bill black-brown; bare periophthalmic grey; irises dark brown; legs black slate.

The plumages of both sexes are, apparently, similar.

taxonomic history

Confusing taxonomic history: until recently known as Pyrrhura perlata, but that name is actually applied to the known way long as Pyrrhura rhodogaster, currently a synonym for the species Pyrrhura perlata; the current species therefore assumes his next oldest name, Pyrrhura lepida. Forms a pair of species with parapatric Pyrrhura perlata, with which it is sometimes considered conspecific; the recent molecular phylogeny indicated that the closest relatives of these two are the Pyrrhura frontalis and Pyrrhura molinae.

  • Sound of the Pearly Parakeet.

Description 3 subspecies:

  • Pyrrhura lepida anerythra

    (Neumann, 1927) – Similar to the species nominal but with the chest, the belly and cheeks green with occasional shades of blue.


  • Pyrrhura lepida coerulescens

    (Neumann, 1927) – Similar to the species nominal, but with the forecrown and crown brown, gray throat and upper chest, green on the upper cheeks; bluer in the lower chest

    • .

  • Pyrrhura lepida lepida

    (Wagler, 1832) – Nominal.

Habitat:

The Pearly Parakeet, usually, inhabits moist terra firme forests. The species has been observed in forest edges, clear areas and second growth.

They are seen in flocks of up to ten birds, particularly in places where food is plentiful.

Reproduction:

They nest hollow logs. The laying is of 3-4 eggs incubados during 23 days; the hatchling needs close to 7 weeks for independence.

Food:

probably catkins, small fruits and flowers.

Distribution and status:

Size of its range (breeding/resident): 585.000 km2

The Cotorra Pulcra is endemic to Northeast Brazil, to the South of the Amazonia. Observed around the basin Xingรบ and its tributaries, from the Pracui River and the left bank of Tocantins River, and from Belem and the Capim River, in For, east to around Sao Luis in maranhรฃo, and from northern maranhรฃo to the East of Rosary, although apparently no longer in some coastal areas, where according to sources, They were formerly quite common.

Today are rare and extinct in many parts of their former range (for example, North of maranhรฃo) due to large-scale deforestation, although they are, apparently, tolerant habitat alterations.

The coerulescens subspecies It is near extinction due to the almost total loss of their habitat. The species is found in protected areas but its integrity is compromised by the illegal logging.

Distribution 3 subspecies:

Note:

Pyrrhura lepida is the new name of the taxon Pyrrhura perlata, whose name has been shown to be applied first to an immature bird of that species, Crimson-bellied Parakeet (Pyrrhura perlata).

Conservation:

State of conservation โ“˜

Vulnerable Vulnerable โ“˜ (UICN)โ“˜

โ€ข Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Vulnerable.

โ€ข Population trend: Decreasing.

โ€ข Population size : 6700 individuals.

Rationale for the Red List category

From a model of future deforestation in the Amazon basin, While shows some tolerance degraded landscapes, It suspected that the population of this species decline rapidly over the next three generations and, therefore, It has risen to Vulnerable.

Justification of the population

The population is preliminarily estimated at the number of at least 10.000 individuals, approximately equivalent to 6.700 mature individuals. This requires confirmation.

Justification of trend

It is suspected that this species has lost between 47 and the 64,5% of habitat suitable within their distribution during three generations (18 years) starting from a model of deforestation Amazon (Soares-Filho et to the ., 2006, Bird et to the ., 2011). But, because the species seems to have some degree of tolerance to habitat degradation (A. Lees in litt ., 2011), It suspected to decline by 30-49% during three generations.

Threats

Despite an apparent tolerance of some degradation of the habitat, It is perhaps close to extinction in coastal areas of northern maranhรฃo, due to the large scale deforestation (Juniper and Parr, 1998). They are distributed within protected areas, but its integrity is compromised by the illegal logging (Juniper and Parr 1998). Deforestation in the Amazon basin is expected to increase as land is cleared for cattle ranching and soy production, provided by the expansion of the road network (Soares-Filho et to the. , 2006). The proposed changes to Brazilian Forest Code reduce the percentage of land that a private owner is legally required to keep as forest and include an amnesty for owners who deforested before July 2008 (That they would later be absolved of the need to reforest the illegally cleared land) (Bird et to the., 2011).

Conservation Actions Underway

CITES Appendix II. The species is classified as Vulnerable nationally in Brazil (MMA 2014), with subspecies elegant and coerulescens considered in Danger (Silveira y Straube 2008).

Conservation Actions Proposed

* Census and population monitoring to assess the world's population and demographic trends and refine distribution and locate strengths.

* Investigate its ecology, threats and conservation requirements. Strengthen the network of protected areas within the remaining core habitat.

Effectively manage resources and management of existing protected areas and new, using the emerging opportunities for funding the management of protected areas with the overall goal of reducing carbon emissions and maximize the conservation of biodiversity. It is also essential conservation on private land, through the expansion of market pressures for proper land management and prevention of deforestation on land not suitable for agriculture (Soares-Filho et to the., 2006).

Campaign against proposed changes to the Brazilian Forest Code that would lead to a decrease in the width of protected riparian forest areas as Permanent Preservation Areas (APPs), that function as vital corridors in fragmented landscapes.

"Pearly Parakeet" in captivity:

Rare in captivity.

It is a bird Vulnerable nationally in Brazil and protected by CITES Appendix II; each captive specimen of this species that is capable of reproducing, must be placed in a well-managed captive breeding program and not sold as a pet, in order to ensure its long-term survival.

Alternative names:

– Pearly Conure, Pearly Parakeet (English).
– Conure perlรฉe, Perriche perlรฉe, Perruche perlรฉe (French).
– BlausteiรŸsittich (German).
– tiriba, tiriba-de-barriga-vermelha, Tiriba-perรณla, tiriba-pรฉrola (Portuguese).
– Catita cola granate, Cotorra Pulcra, Cotorra Ventrirroja (espaรฑol).


scientific classification:

Johann Georg Wagler
Johann Georg Wagler

– Order: Psittaciformes
– Family: Psittacidae
– Genus: Pyrrhura
– Scientific name: Pyrrhura lepida
– Citation: (Wagler, 1832)
– Protonimo: Sittace lepida

Images Pearly Parakeet:

Cotorra-Pulcra-(5)
Cotorra-Pulcra-(4)
Cotorra-Pulcra-(3)
Cotorra-Pulcra-(2)

Videos "Pearly Parakeet"

Parrots in the world

Especies del gรฉnero Pyrrhura

Pearly Parakeet (Pyrrhura lepida)


Sources:

– Avibase
– Parrots of the World โ€“ Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife

– Photos:

(1) – Pyrrhura lepida by Florin Feneru – Flickr
(2) – Pyrrhura lepida coerulescens Neumann, 1929 – Huub Veldhuijzen van Zanten / Naturalis Biodiversity Center [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Pearly Parakeet (Pyrrhura lepida) also known as the Pearly Conure in aviculture. A pet parrot By manginwu (originally posted to Flickr as my name is twoday.) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Tiriba-perola [Pearly Parakeet] by Helio Lourencini – Flickr
(5) – Tiriba pearl (Pyrrhura perlata) – www.avesilvestre.com.br
(6) – Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World โ€“ Tony Juniper & Mike Parr

– Sounds: GABRIEL MILK, XC212988. accessible www.xeno-canto.org/212988

+ More