55 to 60 cm.. length between 570 and 870 weight g.
The adults of the Red-tailed black cockatoo(Calyptorhynchus banksii) present sexual dimorphism. The male is entirely black, with the exception of the sides of the tail that are of color red glossy. The upper part of the head It is a long Ridge which starts from the front and goes up to the nape. The bill is grey dark.
The females they are slightly smaller. Show a plumage blackish brown with yellow-orange stripes on the tail and the chest. The cheeks and wings they are covered with small yellow spots. The bill is of color bone pale. Lower parts to the tail coverts they are finely excluded in beige.
The youth are similar to the females until they reach the maturity sexual, around the 4 years. Gradually, as they approach this age, YM will acquire their feathers red which gradually replaced their initial feathers in yellow.
Wide variety of habitats. Grasslands and scrub, from the dense rainforests to the forests of acacia and eucalyptus.
Nestbox, These birds are generally dependent on the old eucalyptus, although according to which regions regions, the variety of trees for nesting, could be different.
To feed, flocks of these cockatoos, they penetrate in agricultural lands and orchards, becoming a real plague.
In all parts of the Australian mainland, have been observed seasonal movements.
In the North, most cockatoos flee from high humidity areas during the rainy season.
In other parts of the continent, We are seeing movements directly related to food.
In South Australia, the movements are carried out in the South-North direction and are not necessarily linked to the stations.
Reproduction:
It nests in the hollow of the following trees: MARRI, Jarrah, Wandoo, Karri and Bullich. Eggs are laid on the bottom of a hollow log, up dry branches, between March and December. The cavity can have a depth of one to two meters. The diameter of the entry may vary from 25 to 50 centimeters.
The laying is of an only egg (In rare cases two). The incubation runs by features of the female and lasts between 29 and 31 days.
At birth the chicks are covered by a little and yellow plumage. Most of the time, the second calf is abandoned and eventually dies from lack of food. The surviving offspring is fed by both parents..
Food:
It feeds mainly from seeds, in particular those of Eucalyptus Marri (E. calophylla). Chew small branches, grabs clusters with its legs and โchewsโ them to extract the seeds. Strip the remains to the soil, at the foot of the tree. It is a great vegetarian, also eats berries, fruit, some insects and larvae. Occasionally it feeds on plants or varieties introduced as the radish wild, turnips or melons.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 8.680.000 km2
endemic to Australia, where in drier areas.
They are especially prevalent in the northern part of the country. In the South, they are less abundant and more dispersed.
The WPT (World Parrot Trust) contributed funds to a project in the South of Australia for help to save to these birds.
Distribution 5 subspecies
They differ from each other mainly by the size of their beak.
โข Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Least concern.
โข Population trend: Decreasing.
In the past it was common, but now it has become rare, It is distributed unevenly in areas that have been significantly reduced.
The decrease is caused by the deforestation, the competition for the nesting with species native and exotic, as well as the fires.
It is believed that the world's population exceeds the 100.000 individuals.
the subspecies graptogyne was estimated to be in less of 1.000 individuals in 1989.
Only the subspecies of the Southwest, Calyptorhynchus banksii naso, is listed as "Vulnerable".
The subspecies Calyptorhynchus banksii banksii is not classified as threatened in all regions.
"Red-tailed black cockatoo" in captivity:
Excellent with a very devoted owner. It can be quite noisy. It has a moderate ability to imitate human sound.
There has been an increase in captive birds in Australia. It is very rare as bird cage.
They can live in 50 to 100 years in captivity. The variety Calyptorhynchus banksii naso, of 25 to 50 years.
Alternative names:
– Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo, Banksian Cockatoo, Banks’s Black Cockatoo, Black Cockatoo (English).
– Cacatoรจs banksien, Cacatoรจs de Banks (French).
– Rabenkakadu (German).
– Cacatua-negra-de-cauda-vermelha (Portuguese).
– Cacatรบa Colirroja, Cacatรบa Fรบnebre de Cola Roja (espaรฑol).
About 30 cm.. length and a weight between 140 and 170 gr.
Like all species of the genus Eos, the โTanimbar Loryโ (Eos reticulata), shows a beautiful plumage mainly red. In adults, a great band blue-violet crosses the region of the eye and continues in the patches that cover the ears, at the sides of the neck.
The under neck and the mantle they are covered with long, violet-blue stripes.
The back and tail they are more or less blue red striped.
The pens and large blankets have terminations in black. The primary is almost entirely black. The tail is brownish black above and below a red opaque.
The bottom of the wings they have the edge and dark tips. Thighs and flanks they are completely Red. The bill coral red. Iris orange-red. The legs are grey.
In youth , the feathers the lower parts are aligned blue-black variably. The shield It is covered with blue spots instead of stripes. The bill is brownish Orange. The irises They are brown.
The Blue streaked Lory they live mostly in the most wooded areas, including primary and secondary forests. They are also found in coconut plantations, of sago palms, in the mangroves and the cultivated lands.
It seems that they show a certain attraction for the monsoon forests, relatively open and located in low-lying areas.
They live alone, in pairs or in small groups of up to ten or more individuals. These are rather shy and discreet, but their presence is often betrayed by the screams produced flocks in flight.
They have a direct flight, quite fast and composed of many flapping. Often feed on coconut blossom trees and the sago palms.
Reproduction:
There is little information of the natural environment. The Blue streaked Lory They typically make 2 or 3 eggs that colouring of 24 to 26 days. The chicks leave the nest after 7 to 8 weeks. But, even after feather, they return regularly to rest awhile. The youth they stay in the family throughout the summer and then join the dormitories where they continue their learning.
Food:
They have an exclusively vegetarian diet. They feed on fruits, seeds, buds and immature seeds. His tongue with a brush-shaped end is specialized to collect nectar and pollen.
Distribution:
Is located in Yamdena and Larat, Tanimbar Islands and island of Babar, Indonesian. Introduced in Kai Islands and island of Damar, where has possibly gone.
Conservation:
– Current IUCN Red List category: Near threatened
– The population trend: Decreasing
Habitat loss continues apace in southern Yamdena
The species is suspected that it is decreasing at a rate of slow to moderate, due to the combined forces of habitat loss and capture.
It is estimated a population of 220.000 ยฑ 50.000 birds in Yamdena
Nearly 3000 birds are traded on the international market of birds each year, fact that probably has not caused a decrease in its population. Habitat loss continues however, and this, combined with capture, probably if that will lead to more declines.
Conservation Actions Proposed:
– Regularly monitoring at certain sites throughout its range to determine population trends.
– Investigate the degree of capture and take appropriate measures, including the use of awareness-raising campaigns, to address these issues.
– Protection of the areas significant of forest right in all the Islands where is distributes the species.
"Blue streaked Lory" in captivity:
Lives of 15 to 30 years in the wild; and between 28 and 32 years in captivity.
Fairly common in the s 1970. Nowadays it is not unusual to see them in captivity.
Alternative names:
– Blue streaked Lory, Blue-streaked Lory (ingles).
– Lori rรฉticulรฉ, Lori ร raies bleues, Lori striรฉ bleu (French).
– Strichellori (German).
– Lรณris-de-crista-azul (Portuguese).
– Lori de las Tanimbar, Lori Reticulado (espaรฑol).
The Malabar Parakeet(Psittacula columboides) has the lores and upper cheeks of green grass, blue tinge on the edges and in the dark pearl gray crown, the lower cheeks, the sides and rear of the neck; with wide black bands at the mustache that attenuate to form a collar black, then bordered with a band of bright blue-green, which extends around the throat.
Mantle dove-grey fading to greyish-green on back and scapulars; rump and uppertail-coverts pale bluish green, sides rump yellowish.
Lesser coverts dark green, subterminally tipped dark grey edged buffish; inner median coverts green with pale buffish margins; alula and greater coverts blue. The primaries and secondaries blue, darker in the vane inner. Underwing-coverts bluish green. Throat bright blue green; yellowish blue discoloration in the rest of the underparts; dove-grey in the chest; blue tinge on the thighs. Uppertail centrally bright blue, tipped yellow, lateral feathers greenish-blue on vane outer, in bright yellow inner; undertail-coverts bright golden-yellow centrally, otherwise brown with yellow tip.
upper jaw bright red with yellow tip, the lower brown, turning orange in the chin; irises light yellow; legs greenish-grey.
The female smaller, with little or no green in face and with both brown jaws. Underparts greyish-yellow. Less grey in the the mantle and tail shorter.
The immature shows grayish green in place of grey-plumage of adults. Collar black and green absent band neck.
To a large degree, the Malabar Parakeet It is confined in forests (primary and secondary) evergreen upland, although according to sources, also observed in other formations, including deciduous forest adjacent to bamboo and especially in plantations coffee and rubber abandoned, and often close to small areas of crops.
Partly inhabit between 450-1.000 m, but exceptionally above 1.600 m, and up to about 60 m.
Usually, observed in family groups or small flocks.
At lower altitudes it is associated with Plum-headed Parakeet (Psittacula cyanocephala), completely replacing it at higher altitudes and in humid forests.
Reproduction:
Escavan their nests on branches or trunks, at a height between 6 and 30 m, sometimes they take advantage of the holes made by woodpeckers or Barbs, expanding the cavity. Los Ceylon ironwood (Mesua iron) are his favorite trees.
Usual clutch 4 eggs.
The breeding season It is between the months of January to March
Food:
Diet Malabar Parakeet It includes seeds and fruits, especially wild figs; regularly eat sprouts, flowers and nectar Erythrina and Grevillea.
They can be very destructive in crops of sorghum and fruit.
The size of the world's population has not been quantified, but the species, according to information, It common throughout the core of its range (pit et to the. 1997).
The population is suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence of any reduction or substantial threats.
The bird trade and loss of habitat have caused, apparently, a decrease in its population, However, It is not sufficient to place this species at risk.
"Malabar Parakeet" in captivity:
The Malabar Parakeet it is rare in the pet trade.
This species was the subject of extensive trade, but now it is illegal in India. He was known in the pet trade as "Loro nonsenseยป and acquired a misleading reputation as a superior talker.
It is a parrot medium-noisy, occasionally noisy; initially shy; It becomes slowly confianda; newly imported birds are very likely; Care must be acclimatised; only it becomes active in a wide aviary; a common aviary with other species of Psittacula only possible outside the breeding season; little bathing but enjoys flying light rain outside; He likes to chop fresh branches; times aggressive during courtship; sensitive to cold and wet conditions.
Pet food variety, including aerosols millet, fruit, vegetables, Sunflower seed mixtures, oats and millet.
Rarely achieved the captive breeding; clutch 3 to 4 eggs; 23 incubation days; incipient period 6 weeks; young independent after 21 days; the calf sometimes aggressive with its mother.
In terms of their longevity, It is known that a Malabar Parakeet lived during 11,2 years in captivity.Given the longevity of similar species, This longevity is probably underestimated for these birds.
Origin: Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador
Character: Shy
Life expectancy: 30 years.
Height: 77 to 85 cm..
Content
Description:
77 to 85 cm.. length and an average weight of 1300 g..
The Great Green Macaw(Ara ambiguus) has the forecrown and the former area of the lores dark red; crown bright green, bluish in the nape. The the mantle and back Green olive: scapulars of the same colour but some with blue tips; rump and uppertail-coverts bright pale blue, lesser and median coverts greenish oliva-marron; greater coverts bluish green. The primaries and secondaries blue, more dark in the margin of the vane inner. Wing feathers color olive; rest of underwing-coverts color oro-oliva.
Black feathers off at the top of the throat bordering the lower jaw; rest of the throat, the chest and the belly brighter yellowish green, feathers on the lower area of the abdomen with red bases hidden; undertail- coverts pale blue. Under, the tail, reddish orange in the Center with blue tips, increasingly blue outer feathers and more completely blue external; undertail, the tail, color oro-oliva.
upper jaw Blackish at the base, color Horn towards the tip and edges, lower jaw negruzca; bare skin of the lores posterior and cheeks of pink color crossed by narrow lines of dark red feathers in sabers and black in the cheeks; irises pale yellow, legs dark grey.
Both sexes similar.
The tail of the immature opaque yellow-tipped, the plumage duller than the adult Green (especially below), the irises brown.
The older adult birds sometimes show patches of Turquoise in the plumage, especially in rear of the neck and the chest.
NOTE:
The Military Macaw (Ara militaris) is so similar to this species, in German are called minor military Macaw (Militaris) and greater (ambiguous).
An Ecuadorean specimen intermediate between the Great Green Macaw (Ara ambiguus) and the Military Macaw (Ara militaris) suggests one hybridization, thus increasing the possibility that the two forms are the same species. Although separate from the ecological point of view.
The Ambiguous macaws and Military could be in contact in the lower part of the Valle del Cauca in Colombia, and in the Northwest of Ecuador and West Colombia. The Great Green Macaw (mainly from moist lowland forests) use deciduous forests, While the Military Macaw (mainly of dry upland forest) are also recorded in humid lowland forests. Both make seasonal movements and in the case of the Military Macaw, they perform movements of long distance between their preferred habitats.
The length of the tail and of the wings of the Mexican military Macaw and species nominal of the Great Green Macaw, They show a considerable overlap. Waiting to collect more details, the Great Green Macaw and the Military Macaw are here treated as separate species.
(Chapman, 1925) – The bill smaller, with a more greenish color under the flight feathers and under the tail.
Habitat:
The Great Green Macaw they are very shy birds and difficult to see, usually found at no lower altitudes of 35 meters in the treetops. They feed in silence and many times could be up to more than five hours in a same tree.
Mainly observed in moist lowland forests, but also in deciduous forests in the Chongon region to the southwest of Ecuador.
In Costa Rica in the primary forest of low and clear land with tall trees, from time to time in the lower montane forests. Crossing open between forest fragments fields and visit remnants of trees of the species Dipteryx on forest pastures.
Remote forests in Panama.
In Ecuador inhabits humid lowlands, deciduous forest and Montane forest low but also visit more open areas for feeding.
They come to the 600 metres in the Cordillera de Guanacaste, Costa Rica; between 1.000 and more rarely 1.500 m, in Darien, Panama.
Less sociable than other large macaws, Although usually seen in pairs, in groups of 3-4, and more rarely in groups of up to twelve birds.
Reproduction:
Form pairs of lifetime and are almost true to their nests, nesting from December to June. Most couples put the first egg at the end of January and by February the nests are already with hatchlings. The female incubates the eggs, While the male brings food to the nest. Both parents are responsible for feeding the pigeons, to do so approximately every two hours. They are birds that take care of their chicks until they can fend for themselves., They even take care of them until that hatch the chicks of the season.
The average clutch consists of 2 – 3 white eggs, they are incubated by the female for a few 26 days. The babies are blind, nude and completely dependent on the care of parents; they weigh around 23 g..
The chicks are fed by both parents and they leave the nest When you have about 12 – 13 weeks of age. At the time they leave the nest, usually weigh between 930-985 g..
A nest in Guayas, Ecuador, in the cavity of a tree of the species Cavanillesia platanifolia. Reported nestings between August-October in Ecuador. Breeding during the dry season (December-April) in Costa Rica.
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 100,000 km2
Its distribution ranges from the East of Honduras to western Colombia and West of Ecuador.
Observed in the lowlands of the Caribbean from the east of Honduras through this of Nicaragua to the lowlands of Costa Rica especially on the slope of the Caribbean, including the Cordillera de Guanacaste.
In Panama especially on the slope of the Caribbean, but also locally in the peaceful. From East Panama to the tropical zone to the West of Colombia, on Western Cordillera of the Andes and South to the upper area of the Atrato River and Serrania del Baudo (possibly up to Buenaventura) and East towards the north end of the Andes in the West of the upper part of the Sinu river valley.
In West Ecuador observed mostly from the Colonche hills, Northwest of Guayaquil; also further north, in Esmeraldas, possibly in the extreme southwest of Colombia, although the forests here are, Perhaps, too wet (See geographic variation).
Numbers fluctuate locally due to seasonal foraging movements. Local appearances in Costa Rica they often coincide with the fruiting of trees of the species Dipteryx.
Local, being the most common of the great macaws in Panama. But, in general, Rare, with the decline in recent large scale of its population due to obvious deforestation in the range.
Extinguished much of Ecuador, where the population (only 100 birds) It is threatened by loss of habitat due to urbanization and agriculture.
The exploitation of trees of the species Dipteryx It poses a serious threat in Costa Rica.
They occur in several protected areas, including the The Darien biosphere reserve, Panama, Rรญo Plรกtano Biosphere Reserve, Honduras and Cotacachi-Cayapas ecological reserve, Ecuador, but seasonal pilgrimages suggest that these areas are insufficient on their own to preserve populations.
Less common than Military Macaw (Ara militaris) in captivity and bred rarely. CITES Appendix I. VULNERABLE (included as subspecies of the Military Macaw Necklace et to the. 1994).
(Chapman, 1925) – In critical hazard; they live in the wild in limited sectors of the western part of the Ecuador; its habitat is characteristic in humid tropical and dry forests of the Ecuadorian coast
Conservation:
State of conservation โ
Endangered โ(UICN)โ
โข Current Red List of UICN: Danger
โข Population trend: Decreasing
Recent estimates suggest that the population has less than 2.500 mature individuals (or less than 3.700 in total if we include juveniles and immature); the largest subpopulation would be found in Darien, to the East of Panama, with less than 1.700 mature individuals (or less than 2.500 in total). Still you have to be careful, due to that in non-breeding times can form groups of 50 individuals or more, It can be qe will overestimate their populations. It also, Although it is most abundant in Darien, It is found in specific areas, finding numerous areas without copies.
THREATS
LOSS OF HABITAT: In Central America, deforestation among other things to increase banana plantations and cattle ranching, as well as logging for other reasons, they have strongly affected. In fact, annual deforestation rates are very high throughout its range, and deforestation in Panama likely to be superior to the 30% its original range. In other countries like Costa Rica and Ecuador its range has also been reduced in recent 100 years. Urbanization and agriculture that have destroyed their habitat have resulted in great part with the subspecies of the Ecuador.
These may include, the Zona Norte (Costa Rica) has suffered the highest rate of deforestation in the country in the last two decades, both legal and illegal, leaving less than a 30% the forest on foot. But, It is important to mention that several scientific studies highlight the high level of biodiversity of the forests of the North Huetar region, among the most diverse of Central America.
As well, Although there are few protected areas for these birds as the Indio-Maรญz Biological Reserve of Nicaragua, where they found an extensive habitat conducive to its development; However, Incursions by Costa Rican loggers to the other side of the San Juan River, so this reservation, one of the most important of Central America It is also not safe from chainsaws.
CAPTURE ILLEGAL: the illegal trade that exists with the Great Green Macaw for use as a pet is a factor that jeopardizes its existence.
They are also captured because their feathers are used to make paintings about them.
HUNTING: It also seems that sometimes fires them as a pest to crops.
CONSERVATION MEASURES
With regard to the threats, of course it is your hunt forbidden for the trade, power or to obtain their feathers, Although often living standards are not met.
Is located in the CITES both in Appendix I and II as.
RESERVATIONS: It is very important for these birds the Darien biosphere reserve, Panama, and the adjacent Los Katรญos National Natural Park, Colombia. There are also other important reserves in all the countries covered, although they provide little protection for these birds..
In Costa Rica, Although it was a proposed moratorium on logging the almond trees, This finally was not carried out. On the other hand, a Government-backed conservation strategy is being implemented in Ecuador.
Proof that the investigation in these cases is important, is that in 2007, a rapid assessment study looking for last survivors in the Cordillera-Chongon Colonche, Ecuador, gave positive results.
On the other hand, There is a bi-national campaign in the lowlands of the San Juan River (Nicaragua and Costa Rica), which aims to increase knowledge of biology, threats and conservation, and strengthen the management of natural resources.
The Research and conservation of the Great Green Macaw project dedicated since 1994 to the study of the conservation biology of the Great Green Macaw on Zona Norte (Costa Rica) and it has an important biological database on this species, in fact the only information of this type that exists in Central America, according to the same source. This project was initiated to concerns that its population was restricted and that the forest was also be sacrificing at a very fast pace. The project is supported from 1997 by the Tropical Scientific Center, the same body that administers the The Monteverde Cloud forest biological reserve. The concern was justified when the first phase of the study determined that the area of distribution of the Great Green Macaw in Costa Rica had been reduced by 90% Since the beginning of the 20th century.
In Costa Rica have been reproduced in captivity at some sites, as the ZOOAVE Zoo.
PROPOSED CONSERVATION MEASURES:
โข One of them is to make effective the protection in the reserves of Honduras and Nicaragua.
โข Trade should be restricted through law enforcement and educational campaigns.
โข Finally, it would be very interesting to acquire private reserves in certain areas, to ensure the same protection.
"Great Green Macaw" in captivity:
Less common than Military Macaw (Ara militaris) in captivity and bred rarely.
The Great Green Macaw only recommended for experienced handlers and breeders. There are more silent than other macaws and can be kept with other large macaws outside of the breeding season.
Breeding pairs require long flights of at least 15 m. These parrots are not suitable for the interior of a House.
With regard to its longevity, according to sources, one specimen was still alive after 29 years in captivity.
Alternative names:
– Great Green Macaw, Buffon’s Macaw, Grand Military Macaw, Green Macaw (English).
– Ara de Buffon, Grand Ara vert (French).
– Bechsteinara, Bechstein-Ara, Grosser Soldatenara (German).
– Arara-militar-grande (Portuguese).
– Guacamaya Verdelimรณn, Guacamayo Ambiguo, Guacamayo de Cara Blanca, Guacamayo verde mayor, Guara verde, Lapa Verde (espaรฑol).
– Guacamaya Verdelimรณn, Gucamaya verde limรณn (Colombia).
– Guacamayo verde mayor, Lapa Verde (Costa Rica).
– Guacamayo verde mayor (Ecuador).
– Bagarapabara (Emberรก).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World โ Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Photos:
(1) – Great Green Macaw in the zoo in Hodonรญn, Czech Republic By Bohuna Mikulicovรก (Hodonรญn Zoo) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Ara ambigua from Zoo Schmiding By Alois Staudacher (Own work) [GFDL or CC-BY-SA-3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Great Green Macaw (also known as Buffonโs Macaw). A male in a cage By Ruth Rogers (originally posted to Flickr as Male Buffonโs Macaw) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Ara ambiguus at the zoo at Paradise Village Resort, Nuevo Vallarta, Nayarit, Mexico By Riley Huntley (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 or GFDL], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Ara ambiguus, La Selva, Costa Rica By Don Faulkner (Great Green Macaw) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Onze vogels in huis en tuin By Keulemans, J. G. [CC BY 2.0 or Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
Approximately from 33 cm.. length, and a weight of 140 g.
The Socorro Parakeet(Psittacara brevipes) is a medium Parrot with the plumage bright dark green, with the crown, the forecrown and lores grass-green, the sides of neck slightly brighter, the head and the neck, sometimes with one or more scattered feathers of orange-red. The upperparts are green grass, slightly brighter in the area of the rump. Upperwing-coverts herb with bluish green in the outside greater coverts. Primaries and secondaries Green in the part superior with tint blue in them vane outer; olive Oliva-Amarillo down. Underwing-coverts green. Underparts grass-green. Above, the tail dark green, by down color yellowish olive.
The bill color horn; eye ring pale beige; irises orange yellow or orange; legs yellowish brown.
Gender-related differences are unknown although the immature has irises Brown color.
NOTE:
The Socorro Parakeet It is often considered a subspecies of the Green Parakeet. But, Howell and Webb They presented evidence that supports the separation of the species from the other subspecies of Aratinga holochlora. They found that the bill of the Socorro Parakeet is larger than, and noticed differences in the color of the skin of the eye ring, also has a Wing formula different, the tenth primary feather It is shorter than the seventh and Green Parakeet is the reverse. Both species also differ in the vocalization, calls of the Green Parakeet they are richer in harmonics that the of the Socorro Parakeet.
Most commonly observed in forests of species such as Bumelia socorrense, Guettarda insularis, Ilex socorroensis, with trees of at least 8 metres in height. Usually, above 500 m (especially on the South side of Socorro island), because in most of the rest of its distribution area, in the lower elevations, It has lost its vegetation preferred because of the sheep pasture.
Registered at low altitudes, 4 m, where the native forest (in canyons), near the sea level, especially in tall trees of Croton masonii, Conocarpus erecta and Ficus.
Usually, in flocks of up to 40 birds, rarely come to the 100 specimens. They gather in numerous flocks on the branches of the guayabillo, in smaller flocks (until 6) or only in pairs during the breeding season.
Son social, even there is care collective nests, They show strong fidelity to nesting sites, based on observations of re-use of nests.
Reproduction:
They nest in tree cavities, especially of the species Bumelia socorrense. the size of the clutch It is unknown, but the breeding It is thought that it can begin in the month of November. The young are altricial.
They aim to feed in the tips of the trees or the highest branches, Although also has observed them are home on the floor
Distribution:
Endemic, It is only in the Socorro island in the The Revillagigedo Islands archipelago off the West coast of Mexico. Estimated population in 400-500 birds in 1992 (approximately nine birds per kmยฒ of suitable habitat). considered common, but recent decreasepossible n due to loss of preferred habitat (still present in about 22% of the island) and the resulting erosion of the sheep that graze in excess. Predation by feral cats can also be a threat.
Conservation:
State of conservation โ
Endangered โ(UICN)โ
โข Red List category of the UICN current: In danger of extinction
โข Population trend: Decreasing
Threatened in the Mexican official standard NOM- 059-ECOL-2001, but in Danger of extinction in the NOM-O59-SEMARNAT-2006 that is not yet published. CITES Appendix II
The Socorro Parakeet (in danger of extinction; It is only in the Socorro island and this species the habitat destruction threatens, as well as the introduction of cats, sheep and rodents.
Estimated population in 400-500 birds in 1992.
"Socorro Parakeet" in captivity:
The species, unlike most continental psittacines, does not face problems of extracting pups for the pet market.
Alternative names:
– Socorro Parakeet, Green Parakeet (Socorro), Socorro Conure (English).
– Conure de Socorro, Perruche de Socorro (French).
– Socorrosittich, Socorro-Grรผnsittich (German).
– Periquito-de-socorro (Portuguese).
– Aratinga de Socorro, Perico de Socorro, Perico mexicano (espaรฑol).
– Perico de Socorro (Mexico).
In flight notorious is the armpit red with yellow line at the end; Red patch in the belly. The tail is opaque red.
Was formerly considered as a subspecies of the Maroon-bellied Parakeet(Pyrrhura frontalis), of crown brown, darker underparts, and underwing-coverts especially red and yellow.
Bill black; eye ring naked white; irises brown. Tail long.
In Brazil only it is known in Mato Grosso from the South, where is limited to the mountain ranges of Bodoquena and Maracayu, in the Ecotone between the Planalto and the lowlands of the Pantanal, and along the taboco river in the municipality of Aquidauana. It has a very limited range in the Paraguay, from where records of the latter are confined to gallery forests along the apa river.
Conservation:
โข Red List category of the UICN current: Near-threatened
โข Population trend: Stable
The size of the world population Blaze-winged Parakeet It has not been quantified, but this species has been described as ยซrareยซ.
State of conservation โ
Near Threatened โ(UICN)โ
This species is suspected that they have experienced a moderately rapid decline due to the extensive loss and degradation of its habitat range within. Now survive in a highly fragmented landscape. Its area of distribution in Brazil has suffered extensive forest loss and degradation through agricultural expansion and charcoal production. The forests of the North of Conception and those who are in Chaco, in the easternmost area of Paraguay, are coming under increasing pressure and have seen considerable deforestation in recent 10 years (R. Clay in litt., 2009).
There is one hybridization apparent with the Maroon-bellied Parakeet(Pyrrhura frontalis) observed in the apa river (R. Clay in litt., 2009).
The trade is apparently minimal (pit et to the., 1997).
"Blaze-winged Parakeet" in captivity:
These small parrots are very rare in captivity, Although its potential for pets is excellent. Are birds animated and soon procured confidence with its owner. They often enjoy bath and are not hard chewing. are mostly calm and they shall only be loud when they are excited. They can be aggressive toward other birds. Playful and curious and generally resistant.
Alternative names:
– Black-winged Parakeet, Black-winged Conure, Blaze winged Parakeet, Blaze-winged Conure, Blaze-winged Parakeet, Deville’s Conure (English).
– Conure de Deville, Perriche de Deville, Perruche de Deville (French).
– Devillesittich, Deville Sittich, Deville-Sittich (German).
– tiriba-fogo (Portuguese).
– Chiripepรฉ ala anaranjada, Cotorra de Deville, Perico de Alas Naranjas, Periquito alianaranjado (espaรฑol).
– Periquito alianaranjado (Bolivia).
– Chiripepรฉ ala anaranjada (Paraguay).
30 cm.. length and an approximate weight of 370 g..
The Vinaceous Parrot(Amazona vinacea) has the lores and forecrown bright red; cheeks and crown green with black tips to some feathers head; elongated feathers on the sides of neck, the nape and the upper mantle, green at the base, subterminally light blue and black tip. The rest of the the mantle, back and scapulars, green with some feathers showing indistinct black tips; uppertail-coverts pale green.
Wing coverts green with red variable and / or yellow in leading edge of wing and the carpal area. Primaries pale bluish-green; Secondary green with blue tips, the base outerweb of the three outer secondaries, red, forming a small looking-glass. Under the wings, green. Throat and chest with shades that vary from strong wine brown to pale blue with a strong vinous diffusion; subterminal dark band at the tips of the feathers gives scalloping pattern; Belly green or yellowish green sometimes with vinous dissemination; undertail-coverts brighter yellowish green. Tail green with yellow green tip; the base lateral feathers in red innerwebs, in purple outerweb. The upper jaw It is red at the base with pale tip, horn-colored lower, reddish at the base; irises orange to reddish brown; legs grey.
Both sexes are similar. The immature It has the green suffusion in chest and the less extensive red on the head (confined to the base upper jaw).
Sound of the Vinaceous Parrot.
Habitat:
Video – "Vinaceous Parrot"
Purple-breasted Parrot in Itamonte - Minas Gerais, Brazil
The Vinaceous Parrotinhabit in tropical and subtropical evergreen mixed forests; in the Brazil in humid coastal forests, in the East of Paraguay They can be found in forests Araucaria angustifolia and Euterpe edulis. The extent of the ecological dependence of this species on coniferous trees (Araucaria and Podocorpus) It is not clear, but the Araucaria angustifolia It is clearly important in Missions, Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarinaand possibly it was related to the previous distribution further north in southeast Brazil.
Mainly observed in the lowlands, but there are reports of birds seen in hills 1.500-2.000 meters in the southeast of Brazil, where the best forest remnants persist. Usually in pairs or small groups with larger meetings (up to approximately 30) in July-August. In pairs during breeding (usually around September).
Reproduction:
The Vinaceous Parrotnidifica in holes in large trees with obvious preference for the Araucaria angustifolia, including rarely cracks in the cliffs. With reproduce the May in loose colonies. breeding season during the months of September to January. Clutch 2-4 eggs.
After the breeding season (February to July), the species congregate in large groups and community shelters.
Food:
The specific foods of the Vinaceous Parrot include flowers and fruits of Euterpe edulis (which apparently it is important seasonally in East Paraguay), seeds of Araucaria angustifolia, fruits of cocoons of Achatocarpus and new leaves Eucalyptus and seeds of Pilocarpus. It has been reported damagor cause in crops of oranges, but with the current low density of this species, It is unlikely to produce a serious economic impact.
Distribution and status:
Size of its range (player / resident ): 1.230.000 km2
The Vinaceous Parrot It is endemic in Southeast South America.
There are some seasonal movements and post-breeding dispersal, possibly in relation to the food supply (for example, seed availability coniferous trees), with invasions scale reported in Paraguay in the past. Declines in the number of birds occur in Rio Grande do Sul January, with all its people disappeared by March and return in April for the rest of the year.
Formerly abundant and widespread but now there has been a contraction dramatic of its range and population, mainly due to the habitat destruction scale, the expansion of agriculture and floods caused by large hydroelectric dams. also trapped for a long time for bird trade.
Are distributed in several protected areas, but none is large enough to maintain a viable population. The former strongholds in eastern Paraguay They are subject to rapid deforestation, with a recent reduction in its scope and numbers and now probably confined only in Alto Paranรก and Ganindeyu.
A census 2007 yielded a minimum of 253 copies in Argentina.
It is perhaps the Amazona more common in populations of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paranรก (several populations of more than 100 birds), in the South of Brazil, and the low number persists in Minas Gerais, Brazil and Sao Paulo, within an estimated total of 1.500-2.000 birds.
Conservation:
State of conservation โ
Endangered โ(UICN)โ
โข Current category of the Red List of the UICN: In danger of extinction.
โข Population trend: Decreasing.
โข Population size: 600-1700.
Rationale for the Red List category
This species is classified as endangered due to recent population estimates Brazil They indicate that the world population is very small and has suffered a rapid decline due to loss and fragmentation of habitat, aggravated by the trade. It is necessary to clarify whether Brazilian subpopulations exceed 250 specimens.
Justification of the population
Based on estimates 1.500 to 2.000 individuals in Brazil (G. Bencke in some. 2009), 220-400 in Paraguay and 253 in Argentina (K. Cockle in some. 2009), it is estimated that the total population is within the range of 1.970 -2.650 individuals and is probably positioned within the band 1,000-2,499. This is equivalent to 667-1.666 mature individuals, rounded here to 600-1.700 mature individuals.
Justification of trend
rapid and continuous population decline is suspected because of the Poaching of nests, the habitat destruction and persecution as a pest Of crops.
Conservation Actions Underway
โข CITES Appendix I and II and protected by the Brazilian legislation.
โข Nationally considered Vulnerable in Brazil (Urben-Filho et al . 2008, MMA 2014), and Critically Endangered in Argentina and Paraguay.
โข Small populations are found in numerous protected areas (Wege and Long 1995, F. Olmos in some ., 1999).
โข In the Argentina, two young provincial parks are used by the species, but they offer only partial protection because parrots use habitat outside the park for most of its life cycle, including, critically, the reproduction.
โข In the Argentine stronghold of the species between San Pedro and Saint Rose, environmental education is underway to reduce the capture of chicks, and the population has been monitored since 2005 (Selva de Pino Paranรก in litt project., 2007).
โข It has been achieved successful captive breeding.
Conservation Actions Proposed
โข Monitor large populations (in March Argentina).
โข Study reproductive biology and demography throughout the species' range and develop structured captive breeding programs to counter the high level of poaching of wild populations..
โข Protect the general Carneiro (Santa Catarina), Itaipu (Alto Paranรก), RNP Itabรณ Rivas (Canindeyรบ), Estancia Golondrina (Caaguazu) and forests outside reserves Rio de Janeiro (Snyder et to the ., 2000) and between San Pedro and Saint Rose in Missions.
โข Invest in permanently trained park rangers and resolve land tenure problems in Brazilian and Paraguayan reserves. (F. Olmos in some ., 1999, Cockle et al. 2007).
โข Apply laws against the trafficking of species on the roads that connect the Monte Pascoal National Park with South Brazil (Snyder et to the ., 2000), in places where the species is captured and at borders and ports Paraguay and Argentina.
โข Increase local public awareness to reduce nest theft and promote conservation of nesting sites..
โข In Argentina, provide technical support to promote soil conservation, to avoid clearing forests for crops on small farms.
The Vinaceous Parrot in captivity:
The Vinaceous Parrot noted for its easy to imitate the human voice, better and clearer than the Amazona aestiva. Small easily they learn to speak.
Two decades ago, before placement in the Appendix 1 CITES Convention, this species was available in aviculture. It never was imported to Europe in a large number, but nevertheless often it offered for sale. Its price was higher than other species of Amazona available at that time, because of its amazing looks and his talent as an imitator. As the trade in wild birds was coming to an end, the captive population decreased markedly. While this species has been willing to breed for those that provide adequate breeding and have enough individuals to allow natural selection of the mate., captive breeding has been very disappointing, considering the number of birds that were previously available.
In the current avicultura, it seems that there are still a significant number of birds kept in Europe. A survey of amazon parrots in the European zoos, made in 1993 and published in 1994 by the EAZA, he listed in 59 species Vinaceous Parrot conserved in 11 zoological collections: of this, only three, Loro Parque (Spain), Walsrode Bird Park (Germany) and Beauval (France), had recorded breeding successes. It's known, However, that a significant number of Vinaceous Parrot They are held by private poultry farmers Europe and if these owners are willing to work in cooperation with EEP plan that can be started for this species, then the known captive population Europe could be big, enough to be considered as a viable.
The population of this species in captivity is similar to that of other species of the genus Amazona. In Loro Parque a couple is kept in an aviary in the exhibition area of รขโฌโนรขโฌโนthe park, and several more couples are kept in breeding cages suspended in their breeding outside exhibition. Suspended breeding cages are approximately 300 cm long x 95 cm width and height. Each cage has the nest-box placed against the outer rear panel, and there is a cut in the wire hole to allow birds to enter the nest-box. With the nest located outside of the cage, this eliminates the need to enter the service or inspect the nest-box.
The feeding of these birds is done twice a day. To the 7 Morning receive their main dish containing a mixed salad prepared with the following elements: – Apple, pear, tomato, beet, Carrot, alfalfa, lettuce, Peppers, papaya and other fruits and vegetables seasonally available; In addition, They are also used, when available, various fruits that are grown in the park, as nopal cactus plants and berries palmera pindรณ (Syagrus romanzoffiana). A second smaller dish meal in the morning provides birds commercial pellets dietary, and during the breeding season each pair is also given segments of their own supplement "pie" that is made fresh every day. The evening meal is given to 3:00 pm, with a mixture of nuts, seeds and beans cooked.
The Vinaceous Parrot It was raised for the first time Loro Parque in 1990, when one pigeon was raised hand. The couple proved to be very unreliable when it came to the incubation their eggs, why he has always resorted to artificial incubation or host and breeding. This couple Vinaceous Parrot He received on subsequent occasions eggs more common species to give them the opportunity to prove that they are good parents, but so far they remain unreliable.
No offspring were produced in 1991, but the couple tried again in 1992, when he carried out another manually raising and other raised squab. In 1993, when the same pair joined again, the clutch of eggs was transferred to a pair of Red-crowned Parrot(Amazona viridigenalis), which they proved to be excellent foster parents and raised chicks born. The same technique was used in 1994, but only one egg clutch proved to be fertile and the chick was raised successfully by Red-crowned Parrot.
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World โ Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– THE VINACEOUS AMAZON Amazona vinacea AT LORO PARQUE – First Published in The Avicultural Magazine Vol. 103 No. 2
– Photos:
(1) – Vinaceous-breasted Amazon (Amazona vinacea) – San Francisco Zoo, California By Dick Daniels (http://carolinabirds.org /) (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 or GFDL], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Vinaceous Amazon in captivity at the Rare Species Foundation Programme, Florida, USA By derivative work: Snowmanradio (talk)Amazona_vinacea_-RSFP-8a.jpg: Ruth Rogers [CC BY 2.0 or CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Vinaceous Amazon at the Walsrode Bird Park, Germany By Quartl (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Vinaceous Amazon; two in a cage By TJ Lin (originally posted to Flickr as Copy of DSCN3375) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – flying. Picture taken in Morretes By Leandro Govoni Lacerda (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – A Vinaceous-breasted Amazon at Parque das Aves, Foz do Iguaรงu, Brazil By Kee Yip from Union City, California, USA (IMG_4509_P1040019) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – Pigeons neck Amazone (Amazona vinacea) Shot in Palmitospark Gran Canaria By Martingloor (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(8) – Vinaceous-breasted Amazon (Amazona vinacea) – San Francisco Zoo, California By Dick Daniels (http://carolinabirds.org /) (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 or GFDL], via Wikimedia Commons
(9) – Amazone vineuse, Bioparc Doue-la-Fontaine By Melvin TOULLEC (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons
– Sounds: (Xeno-canto)
โท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians
The Blue-throated Parakeet(Pyrrhura cruentata) It is a very colorful bird; has the forecrown, crown and rear of the neck, dark brown with pale orange sides and with some feathers (especially posteriorly) giving speckled appearance; lores, cheeks top, supercilii area and ear-coverts, dull red, merging on sides of neck with yellowish patch bordered behind by blue band running across nape; bottom of the cheeks, green.
Mantle, back and scapulars, green; broad crimson patch on lower back and rump; uppertail-coverts green. Bend of wing bright red; upperwing-coverts green. Outerwebs of the primaries, blue, green on the innerwebs; secondaries green on outerweb, Gray on innerwebs; flight feather with dark tips; infra-wing coverts minor, olive green, the gray greater coverts; underside of flight feather, olive gray wash. Chin green; the throat and the top chest, blue with some dark tips; underparts green with a patch of variable size of crimson color on the belly. Upper, the tail It is golden in color with green tint; brown below. Bill grey; bare periophthalmic grey; irises yellow orange; legs grey.
Both sexes similar, but the irises perhaps brighter in the male. Immature more off, with less red at bend of wing.
Sound of the Blue-throated Parakeet.
Habitat:
The Blue-throated Parakeet inhabit, mainly, in primary forests of the Atlantic forest or on the edges of forests and, sometimes, in slightly modified natural forests, penetrate into agricultural areas where tall forest trees shade cocoa crops. Unknown seasonal and dry forests. (Usually in lowlands below 400 m, but 960 metres in Minas Gerais, Brazil, usually in flocks of 6-20 birds(mainly 8-12), at least where they are locally common.
Reproduction:
Nests in tree hollows. The breeding, apparently, It occurs in the austral spring, from June to October. Clutch 2-4.
Size of its range (breeding/resident): 281.000 km2
endemic to eastern Brazil, from Bahia until Rio de Janeiro. They were formerly known from Jequiรฉ and islanders, Bay, but the latest reports are North Jequitinhonha River, south of which, reports come from remaining patches of forest (including the Monte Pascoal National Park) to the border Holy Spirit.
The birds continue in the few wooded areas of eastern Minas Gerais, Brazil as the Rio Doce State Park, the Book Caratinga (about Raรบl Soares) and about Mantena and several locations in northern Espirito Santo, including Biological reservesGreat stream and Sooretama and neighboring Linhares Sooretama reserve. It is apparently absent from the southern state but survives near Desengano State Park in the State of Rio de Janeiro, the southernmost site which have been observed recently.
Resident. Common and widespread at the end of the 19th century, but decreased dramatically with massive deforestation within its range due to agriculture, speak, mining, roads and urban development. The final bastion (the only place where birds remain common) It is complex reserve Sooretama / Linhares; much smaller numbers exist in other forest remnants (protected but widely separated). Habitat loss continues in Bay with some sites (for example Monte Pascoal) under intense pressure.
Rare in captivity, but trapping for illegal trade is an additional threat. Listed in Appendix I of the CITES and protected by Brazilian law.
Conservation:
State of conservation โ
Vulnerable โ(UICN)โ
โข Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Vulnerable.
โข Population trend: Decreasing.
โข Population size : 2500-9999 individuals.
Rationale for the Red List category
This species survives in scattered fragments of Atlantic Forest, where the extent of suitable habitat continues to decline rapidly. The remaining populations are small, severely fragmented into isolated reserves, where protection is largely inadequate and are suspected to be declining rapidly. So, qualifies as Vulnerable.
Justification of the population
The population is calculated in the number 2.500-9.999 mature individuals based on an evaluation of known records, descriptions of abundance and size range. This is consistent with estimates of population density recorded for congeners or close relatives with similar body size, and the fact that only a proportion of its distribution area is occupied. This estimate is equivalent to 3.750-14.999 individuals, rounded here to 3.500-15.000 individuals.
Justification of trend
continued rapid population decline is suspected because rates loss of habitat.
Threats
The extensive and continuous clearing of the forest You are responsible for its current fragmented distribution. Their apparent tolerance to shade cocoa plantations provides little hope because shading techniques since the early 1980 They have involved the use of banana trees and Erythrina, rather than stand, and unstable prices have led to conversion to pasture. Many remaining populations are affected by site-specific threats, as conflicts between habitat conservation and the rights of local communities in the Monte Pascoal National Park. The capture for the cage bird trade It is a relatively new phenomenon, Although the species is rare in domestic and international markets.
Survey to locate additional populations and protect undetected (Snyder et to the., 2000), especially in southern Bay and northeast of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Ensure protection de facto key reserves, especially Sooretama, Linhares and Vera Cruz Station. Confiscation of birds of trade and well-planned release of these birds in areas of the previous range of species to improve recovery and connectivity of disjunct populations (J. Gilardi in little).
"Blue-throated Parakeet" in captivity:
Protected by CITES Appendix I.
Rara in national and international markets. Each captive specimen of this species which is capable of reproducing, must be placed in a well-managed captive breeding program and not sold as a pet, in order to ensure its long-term survival.
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World โ Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Photos:
(1) – Ochre-marked Parakeet (also known as Blue-chested Parakeet, Blue-throated Parakeet, or Blue-throated Conure) at Palmitos Park, Gran Canaria, one of the Canary islands, Spain By ipfreaks (originally posted to Flickr as Papagei) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Blue-chested Parakeet, (Pyrrhura cruentata) also known as Blue-throated Parakeet or Blue-throated Conure. Pet parrot By โจ Redvers (originally posted to Flickr as Hector and toy 8) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Blue-chested Parakeet (Pyrrhura cruentata) also known as Blue-throated Parakeet or Blue-throated Conure at Central Park Zoo, New York, USA By Claire Houck [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Blue-chested Parakeet (Pyrrhura cruentata) also known as Blue-throated Parakeet or Blue-throated Conure. Pet with yellow toy By โจ Redvers (originally posted to Flickr as Hector and toy 4) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Blue-chested Parakeet (also known as Blue-throated Parakeet or Blue-throated Conure); two on a perch By TJ Lin [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
Minor Concern โ
(UICN)โ
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