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St. Bernard
Suiza FCI 61 - Molossoid . Mountain

San Bernardo

The St. Bernard It is very affectionate and has an innate sense of relief especially in the snow.

Content

History

The St. Bernard It is a breed of dog whose name in other languages: St. Very, Bernhardiner, Chien du Saint-Bernard, Saint Bernard Dog.

According to breed historians, the St. Bernard, descended from the ancient molossians Asian, whose ancestral form was and is represented by the Tibetan Mastiff.

A team of researchers from the University of Manchester, directed by Chris Klingenberg of the Faculty of biological sciences, reviewed 47 skulls of St. Bernard donated by Swiss breeders to the Natural History Museum in Bern covering a period of 120 years, from modern copies until those old dogs of the time that was initially defined the standard of the breed. It was found that the traits stipulated in the breed standard of the St. Bernard have become more exaggerated over time, as breeders selected dogs that had the desired physical attributes.

Compared to their ancestors, the St. Bernard modern has the widest skull, the angle between the nose and the forehead more pronounced, and also a more significant bump over the eyes. These changes are described exactly as desired in the breed standards. Clearly, not due to other factors such as overall growth, since they do not provide the animal with any physical advantage, so we can be sure of have evolved only by selective breeders considerations.

This research shows how the selection, either natural or in this case artificially influenced by the man, It is the fundamental driving force behind the evolution of life on the planet.

In the year 923 born Bernard of Menthon in Menton, region of Savoy (France), which he became Archdeacon of Aosta, in the Italian Alps, dedicated to spreading the Christian faith among the inhabitants of the Alps. In one of these Alpine passes was founded in the year 1049 the Hospice of the Gran San Bernardo, to help, help and shelter to hikers who were the step. The Holy, Catholic scholar and theologian, He was part of the Cistercian order or better known as Trappist, as fellow (the Trappist monks) in Switzerland they had a dog of this breed as a companion around the 16th century.

In the great Mount St mountain pass. Bernhard, to 2.469 meters above the sea level, monks founded in the 11th century, a hospice for travellers and pilgrims. there they were raised, Since the mid-17TH century, big mountain dogs for guard and surveillance. The existence of those dogs is documented graphically from 1695 written in a chronicle of the Hospice from the year 1707.

These dogs were soon used as guard dogs and, especially, as rescue dogs for travellers lost in the fog and snow.

There are chronicles published in many languages โ€‹โ€‹about the numerous lives that were saved by these dogs from the "white death" and stories of soldiers who crossed the mountain pass with Napoleon Bonaparte towards 1800, in the 19th century, they spread the dog's fame for St. Bernard all over Europe.

Already called at that time ยซBarry Hundยซ, And the legendary ยซBarryยปIt became the symbol of the rescue dog. The direct ancestors of the dog of St. Bernard were the very widespread oversized dogs, peasants of the region. These large dogs became only a few generations, an ideal pattern, in the current race.

As a result of an international cynological congress held on 2 in June of 1887, the dog of St. Bernard was officially recognized as a Swiss breed and the breed standard became mandatory. Since then the San Bernardo dog became the "Swiss national dog".

Heinrich Schumacher Holligen, was the first, in 1867 creating genealogical documents for their dogs. In February of 1884 The ยซSchweizerische Hundestammbuchโ€ (Swiss races book, SHSB). The first entry was that of St. Bernard ยซLeรณnยป, followed by other 28 annotations also of dogs of St. Bernard. The 15 in March of 1884 The ยซSchweizerische St. Bernhardsclubยป (Swiss Dog Club St. Bernard) in Basel.

Physical characteristics

The Saint Bernard, is classified in the Group 2: Dog type Pinscher and Schnauzer, Molosoides and mountain dogs and Swiss Cattle Dogs, and other races; section 2; Molossoid, 2.2 Type mountain (without working trial). Of the FCI (Federation Cynologique Internationale).

There are two varieties of the dog St. Bernard:

  • The variety of short hair (double hair, Stockhaar).
  • The long-haired variety.

Two varieties are of great stature and of a noble general appearance; they have a vigorous body, robust, harmonic and muscular, as well as an imposing head with an expression of attention on the face.

The cross appeal is, minimum of 70 cm for males and 65 cm for females. The FCI standard sets a maximum of 90 cm for males and 80 cm for females (dogs exceeding the maximum height is not devaluarรกn if its general aspect is harmonic and its proper motion).

In general the size is defined as:

  • ยซVery largeยซ, to be optimal in San Bernardo, When exceeds the 86 cm in males and the 80 cm in females.
  • ยซGrandยปWhen it goes from 82 to 86 cm in males and 75 to 80 cm in females.
  • ยซMediaยปWhen it goes from 78 to 82 cm in males and 70 to 75 cm in females.
  • ยซSmallยปWhen it goes from 70 to 78 cm in males and 65 to 70 cm in females.

In it "golden period of St. Bernardโ€ (1920-1940) were very rarely seen in exposures lower males to 80 Switzerland cm, of Germany, in the Netherlands and the subjects were not so rare above the 90 cm..

Also currently a good San Bernardo to access the championship would never have to be -with some exceptions- below the 80-82 cm and abundantly exceed such limit to reach above if possible the maximum of the German Mastiff and of the Irish Wolfhound but with greater volume, greater length of the trunk and heavier, course.

Character and skills

The dog's St. Bernard radiates calm and tranquility. He is balanced and self-confident.. Despite its imposing size, it is sensitive and has a gentle nature. His "stubbornness" is typical of this race, not only in appearance. The St. Bernard is trustworthy and kind, even with strangers. There is hardly a dog that has such a tolerant and balanced nature. Quietly he lets himself be caressed and understood by children he does not know. There is hardly a dog as fond of children as the St. Bernard. Nothing seems to bother him.

But, has an alert protective instinct. Defends his family and territory inflexible and extremely effective. One St. Bernard healthy and well socialized never loses control. It is not a barking dog and will stop any intruder quietly and abruptly. How do you like to live outside, still suitable as a guard and protection dog – but it is not in any way a dog to be in a kennel. The basis of this is the close connection with your human family, who should be the center of attention. Because he is affectionate and needs a lot of contact with humans as well as with other dogs.. After all, the close connection with his master is the decisive basis of his education.

Due to its size and strength, a St. Bernard a dog is not for beginners. It also, its maintenance is – as with all big dogs – very complex. If you want to buy a dog from St. Bernard, You must first be clear about some basic things:

The extreme dimensions bring with them quite practical problems. This starts with the car. And what if the adult giant is sick or cannot walk for a while due to age?? The St. Bernard not a dog for an apartment. The floor of the house should not be slippery. The dog should not have to climb the stairs frequently. To the St. Bernard he likes to travel; not an athlete, and take it easy. In the interest of your fitness, one should ensure that he exercises outdoors every day. Ideally, a St. Bernard stay in the field.

St. Bernard Education

To have fun with your dog St. Bernard, consistent education from the puppy's age is a basic requirement. 60 and more kilos of stubbornness, reluctantly following instructions, it's not a fun thing. Also keep in mind that the St. Bernard It, in case of doubt, much stronger than any well-trained man.

A deep and intimate bond with your caregiver is the basis of education, never difficulties or coercion. As puppies it must be carried with a stoic consistency. In his youth, the St. Bernard they are usually very lively and challenge the leadership of their humans. But, the dog of St. Bernard can be well educated. His calm and kind nature even forgives this or that mistake. But a solid education foundation with clear rules for daily life is an absolute prerequisite for your future attitude..

St. Bernard health and care

Coat care is simple. Regular brushing is enough. During the change of coat, twice a year, everything is a little more complex.

The main health problem of St. Bernard is the extreme breeding, breeding for gigantism. Puppies and young dogs of such breeding already grow too fast. So, it's about body coordination problems. Epilepsy and other diseases accompany the giant that is becoming. Life expectancy decreases dramatically. The enormous growth and associated rapid weight gain is an extreme challenge for the entire body.. The dog's fingerprint is not designed for such giants. the heads, however "typical" they seem, they have also been raised to be unhealthy and powerful, which can cause problems at birth.

One should pay attention to the eyes: Droopy eye or droopy eyelid is a widespread problem, especially with particularly powerful heads, that requires lifelong care and can seriously damage the eyes. Professor Distl of the Hannover University of Veterinary Medicine considers the St. Bernard as one of the breeds in which epilepsy is more common. Various types of cancer such as osteosarcoma also appear to be common in St. Bernard. The breed is strongly affected by dysplasia of the hip joint, as well as other skeletal diseases.

Nutrition / Food

Puppies and young dogs, they grow very fast, require expert guidance for proper nutrition. At the same time, attention should be paid to controlled exercise, neither too much nor too little. In the adult Saint Bernard there is a risk of stomach torsion. Otherwise, as with any big dog, the same applies to food: good and hearty.

The life expectancy of a St. Bernard

The legendary Barry I had 14 years, 10 of which he spent them on active rescue service in the Gran San Bernardo. Today is different, made by the man. Today, the St. Bernard is one of the dogs with the lowest life expectancy. The colossi of today reach only 6 to 8 years. Only very rarely does he reach an age of 10 years or more. On the other hand, a St. Bernard raised healthy with a weight lower than 70 kg is a robust dog and, despite its size, very frugal, without problems can live 10 years.

Buy a St. Bernard dog

Before buying a St. Bernard, you should check very carefully if you really have all the requirements to be able to spend many wonderful years with this giant. Only when all this clears up, a breeder must be found and contacted long before purchase. Special importance must be given to the fact that the breeder avoids exaggeration. Dogs in your kennel should not be large or too heavy. Also the heads should not be too powerful. It also, make sure that no epilepsy occurred in the ancestors. In any case, it should be clear that a puppy is only bought directly from a serious breeder. Better pay a few hundred euros more for a puppy from a serious breeder. These euros have a good opportunity to become the best investment of your life. Coming from a serious upbringing, a puppy of St. Bernard costs between 1.500 and 2.000 EUR.

Characteristics "St. Bernard"

Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "St. Bernard" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

Adaptation โ“˜

4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

friendly dog โ€‹โ€‹โ“˜

5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

hair loss โ“˜

3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Affection level โ“˜

5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Need for exercise โ“˜

2,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Social need โ“˜

4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Home โ“˜

3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Toilet โ“˜

4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Friendly with strangers โ“˜

3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

barking โ“˜

3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Health โ“˜

5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Territorial โ“˜

5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Cat friendly โ“˜

5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Intelligence โ“˜

3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Versatility โ“˜

3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Child friendly โ“˜

5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Surveillance โ“˜

2,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

joy โ“˜

5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

St. Bernard Images

St. Bernard Videos

Type and recognitions:

  • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
  • Group :
  • Section : . .

Federations:

  • FCI – Pinscher and Schnauzer-Molossoid type dogs – Swiss Mountain Dogs and Cattledogs. Section 2.2 Molossoid, mountain type. โ“˜
  • AKC – Workgroup โ“˜
  • ANKC – Group 6 (utility dogs) โ“˜
  • CKC – Workgroup โ“˜
  • โ€‹KC – Workgroup โ“˜
  • NZKC – Utility dog โ“˜
  • UKC – Watchdog โ“˜

FCI breed standard "St. Bernard"

Origin:
Switzerland

Date of publication of the valid original standard:
04.04.2016.

Use:

Company, Guard and Farm Dog.



General appearance:

There are two varieties of San Bernardo:

  • Variety of short hair (double mantle, "Stockhaar")
  • Long hair variety.

The two varieties are considerable size and an impressive general appearance. They have a balanced body, powerful, Strong and muscular with an impressive head and a facial expression alert.

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS

  • The desired proportion between the height of the cross and the length of the body (measured from the tip of the shoulder to the tip of the buttock) is of 9 : 10.
  • The desired proportion between the height to the cross and the depth of the chest is reflected in the sketch of the beginning.
  • The total length of the head is slightly larger than a third of the height of the cross.
  • The proportion between the depth of the snout (measured at its root) And its length is approximately 2 : 1.
  • The length of the snout is slightly larger than the third part of the length of the head.


Behavior / temperament:

Friendly by nature. Quiet temperament to cheerful; vigilant.

Head:

Powerful, imposing and very expressive.

Cranial region:
  • Skull: Strong and wide. Seen from the front and profile the top part of the skull is slightly domed. When is the dog at attention, The insertion of the ears forms a straight line with the upper part of the skull which laterally has a soft curvature towards high and strongly developed cheeks. The inclination from forehead to well steep snout. The occipital Protuberance should shortly be accented. The orbitals above arches strongly developed. Clearly marked front Groove starts on the forehead and extends to the top of the head. Skin from the forehead over the eyes forms slight folds that converge toward the central sulcus. When is the dog at attention, they are usually almost imperceptible.
  • Depression links (Stop): Strongly pronounced.

facial region:

  • Truffle: Wide and square with well marked angles, well open nostrils. The truffles must be black.
  • Snout: Uniformly wide. Nasal helm straight with a slight furrow in the Center.
  • Belfos: Pigmented edges of black. The Belfos of the upper jaw must be highly developed, shoulder straps, but not too pendants; they form a wide arc towards the nose. The corners must be visible.
  • Jaws/Teeth: Upper and lower jaws strong, wide and the same length.
  • Bitescissors or well developed clamp, regular and complete. It allows light lower prognathism, provided that the incisors do not lose contact. The absence of the PM1 is tolerated (premolars 1) and the M3.
  • Eyes: Medium-sized, they can be dark brown to hazelnut; moderately sunken. friendly expression. The edges of the eyelids are completely Pigmented.
  • A full closure is desirable, natural. Is allowed a small fold on the bottom with little visible conjunctival eyelid and a small crease on the upper eyelid.
  • Ears: Medium-sized, high and wide insertion. Highly developed Pavilion. Lobes soft triangle with rounded tip. The back edge is slightly separated from the head, While the above should be set to the cheeks.

Neck:

Strong and good long. The double chin neck and throat, moderately developed.

Body:

  • As a whole: The general impression should be, harmonica, well muscled and imposing.
  • Cross: Well developed.
  • Back: Wide, powerful and strong. The upper line is straight and level to the lumbar region.
  • Rump: Long, slightly descending with a harmonious transition to the insertion of the tail.
  • Breast : Moderately deep chest with well sprung ribs, but not abarriladas. You must not get below the elbows.
  • Abdomen and lower line: Slight upward backward.

Tail:

Of wide and strong base, It should be long and heavy.
  • The last vertebra must reach at least the corvejรณn joint. At rest you must hang straight or slightly curved up in the last third. In State care may be higher.


Tips

Former members:

  • As a whole: Seen from the front, rather wide position. Members must be straight and parallel.
  • Shoulder: Inclined scapula, muscular and firmly attached to the body.
  • Arm: As long as the scapula. The angle between the scapula and the arm must not be too open.
  • Elbow: Attached to the body.
  • Forearm: Straight, strong bone and muscles dry.
  • Metacarpus: Seen from the front must be vertical in its extension to the forearm. Viewed laterally must be slightly oblique.
  • Front feet: Widths, with strong fingers, together robust and highly arched.

Later members:

  • As a whole: Moderately angled rear limbs and muscled. Seen from the rear must be parallel and not together.
  • Thigh: Robust, muscular and wide.
  • Knee: Well angled and not turn inward or outward.
  • Leg: Fairly long and oblique.
  • Hocks: Moderately angled and strong.
  • Metatarsals: Seen from the back as straight and parallel.
  • Hind feet: Widths, with strong fingers, together robust and highly arched. The Spurs are tolerated if not they interfere with normal movement.

Movement:

Harmonic, long steps. Good push from the hind limbs. The back remains firm and stable. The previous and subsequent members must advance in a straight line when walking.

Mantle

  • Short hair (double hair): Dense outer layer, smooth and stuck to the body. Internal NAP thick. Thighs with fringes of not very notable hairs. Tail with thick hair.
  • Long hair: Outer layer of hairs of medium length, smooth. Abundant internal NAP. On the hip and rump, the hair can be somewhat wavy. Thighs with fringes of abundant hair and forelimbs with flags. Face and ears with short hair. Tail with abundant bushy hair.

COLOR: The basic color is white with reddish brown spots smaller or larger (spotted dogs), to form a continuous blanket of uninterrupted reddish brown on the back and flanks (dogs with mantle). This mantle interrupted by white veins have the same value. The reddish brown tabby is allowed. The yellowish-brown is tolerated. The dark brown on the head is much appreciated. Will tolerate some light traces of black color on the body.

  • Major brands: Sill, feet, the tail, nose cane, headband and nape.
  • Desirable markings: White collar.
  • dark mask symmetrical.


Size and weight:

Minimum height:

  • Males: 70 cm..
  • females: 65 cm..

Maximum height:

  • Males: 90 cm..
  • females: 80 cm..
  • Dogs exceeding the maximum height is not devaluarรกn in its judging if their general appearance is harmonious and correct movement.


Fouls:

Any deviation from the above mentioned criteria is considered as missing and the gravity of this is considered in proportion to the degree of deviation to the standard and its consequences on the health and well-being of the dog.

  • Characteristics of sex not sufficiently developed.
  • Non-harmonic overall appearance.
  • Very short relative to the height of the cross member.
  • Excess of folds in head and neck.
  • Muzzle too long or too short.
  • Belfos of lower jaw hanging and turned out.
  • Lack of teeth (except the PM1 and the M3) ; small teeth (especially the incisors).
  • Slight lower prognathism.
  • light eyes.
  • Eyelids too loose.
  • Back saddle or in tent.
  • Rump too high or too falling.
  • Tail coiled on top of the back.
  • Absence of white markings deemed important.
  • Curved or very returned former members out.
  • Later in the form of Coop members, de โ€œXโ€, or too straight.
  • Faulty movement.
  • Curly hair.
  • Incomplete or lack of it in the truffle pigmentation, belfos, eyelids and around the nose.
  • Wrong basic color, small splashes or spots of wetwood color on white.

MISS PLAYOFFS

  • Fearful dogs, aggressiveness.
  • Upper prognathism, marked lower prognathism.
  • Blue eyes.
  • Entropion, ectropion.
  • Completely white or completely brown reddish coat (absence of the basic color).
  • Coat of a different color.
  • Dogs that do not reach the minimum height.
  • Any dog โ€‹โ€‹showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities must be disqualified..


N.B.:

Males should have two normal-appearing testicles., fully descended into the scrotum.

  • This revised standard shall be applicable from April 2004.

TRANSLATION: Brรญgida Nestler.

Source: F.C.I - International Cynological Federation

Alternative names:

1. St. Bernhardog, Bernhardinner, Alpine Mastiff (archaic), Saint, Saint Bernard (English).
2. Grand-Saint-Bernard (French).
3. St. Bernhardshund, Chien du Saint-Bernard, Saint Bernard Dog, Perro San Bernardo (German).
4. Cรฃo de Sรฃo Bernardo (Portuguese).
5. Gran San Bernardo (espaรฑol).

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Appenzell Cattle Dog
Suiza FCI 46 - Swiss Cattle Dogs

Boyero de Appenzell

The Appenzell Cattle Dog kept in a principle in general as a farm dog.

Content

History

The Appenzell Cattle Dog (Appenzeller Sennenhund) It is a breed of dog of medium size, one of the four regional breeds of Sennenhund (Type of dogs from the Swiss Alps). The name Sennenhund refers to people Senn, dairy and livestock farmers in the Swiss Alps. Appenzell It is an Alpine region of northeast of Switzerland.

There are two theories about the origin of the Appenzell Mountain Dog. A, It is a native breed dating back to the bronze age, and the other, It descends from the molossians and he was taken to Switzerland by the Romans. In any case, It is one of the four Swiss Sennenhund. The Appenzell is the rarest of the four. It is an excellent dog of herd. Tireless and great firmness in the mountains. It also adapts to pull a cart and is used to bring the milk and cheese among traders of the Swiss valleys.

The first Club and Book of Origins of the breed were started in 1906 by Albert Heim and other, who wrote the first breed standard in 1916. One of the earliest references to the predecessors of the race was embodied in a book of 1853, โ€œTierleben der Alpenweltโ€ (Animal life in the Alps), referring to the dogs in the Appenzell region. The Appenzell Mountain Dog was recognized -internationally- as a separate breed in 1989.

Physical characteristics

The Appenzell Cattle Dog is a great mountain dog, has a height of 47 to 58 cm to the cross and a weight of 22 to 32 kg. Like the other Sennenhund, It is a large dog and has a layer of tricolor hair that distinguishes.

It is a dog of large muscles but not very full-bodied, with wide and flat skull, and a snout that tapers towards the truffle. Eyes small and dark; and ears, slopes. It is the only one of the Swiss Cattle Dogs to have its tail wrapped around its back.. The hair is cut, bright and bushy. Color: It supports the black and Tan with white markings on the chest, the head and feet

Character and skills

The Appenzell Cattle Dog was initially kept as herd guardian, dog shooting, and in general, as a farm dog.

The race was also used for grazing and as a guard dog. Today the breed is kept primarily as a companion, and excels in obedience competitions and Schutzhund.

Like all large working dogs, very active, which is why, This race should be socialized at an early age with other dogs and people, and always with normal activity and training that can live safely as a pet (given its size, It may be a problem if you do not receive adequate education). According to the breed standard, dogs they are cheerful in spirit, playful, and distrustful to strangers.

Despite its fairly strong character, tends to be always quiet, nice. If not go to custody, behave amicably with everyone. It is the most docile of Swiss boyeros and, therefore, the easiest of train, but it is also the most barking.

Appenzell Cattle Dog Education

The Appenzell Cattle Dog can be well trained. He loves to learn and he does it with enthusiasm. It is strongly oriented towards its humans, which can be put to good use. The Appenzell Cattle Dog you can read the mood and wishes of your people on their faces. That in turn means that you have to approach your education with feeling., and of course with consistency. He has a pronounced sense of justice and, therefore, he challenges people to treat him fairly. It is important that already in the puppy stage you begin to control their joy of barking, who once characterized him as a good cut dog.

Appenzell Cattle Dog care and health

The Appenzell Cattle Dog it is very easy to care for, brushing here and there is enough.

Regarding your health, tend to have trouble with their hips (HD) or knees (ED), up to falls. In old age you can see a tendency to skin tumors. Partially strong inbreeding has a negative effect on fitness and life expectancy.

Nutrition / Food

The Appenzell Cattle Dog you have no special requirements in your diet. Have a healthy appetite and tend to be overweight, especially in old age.

The life expectancy Appenzell Cattle Dog

The Appenzell Cattle Dog it is relatively strongly affected by inbreeding and a breeding selection that is one-sidedly oriented towards outward appearances, such as fur color details. So, their life expectancy has decreased in part enormously. It's between eight and -healthily- twelve years.

Buy Appenzell Cattle Dog

When buying a puppy care must be taken that the ancestor in the puppies' pedigree does not appear twice. (endogamia). Otherwise, you should look for a breeder affiliated with the Swiss Mountain Dog Club. You can also find the dog of your dreams at the animal shelter or in an emergency initiative. You can get a puppy in a serious kennel from 1200 EUR.

Characteristics "Appenzell Cattle Dog"

Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "Appenzell Cattle Dog" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

Adaptation โ“˜

2,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

friendly dog โ€‹โ€‹โ“˜

4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

hair loss โ“˜

3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Affection level โ“˜

5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Need for exercise โ“˜

5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Social need โ“˜

2,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Home โ“˜

4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Toilet โ“˜

3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Friendly with strangers โ“˜

4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

barking โ“˜

5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Health โ“˜

4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Territorial โ“˜

4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Cat friendly โ“˜

3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Intelligence โ“˜

5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Versatility โ“˜

5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Child friendly โ“˜

4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Surveillance โ“˜

5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

joy โ“˜

4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Images Appenzell Cattle Dog

Videos Appenzell Mountain Dog

Type and recognitions:

  • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
  • Group :
  • Section : . .

Federations:

FCI โ“˜, AKC โ“˜, ANKC โ“˜, UKC โ“˜

FCI breed standard Appenzell Cattle Dog

FCIFCI - Appenzell Cattle Dog
Cattle

Alternative names:

1. Appenzeller, Appenzeller Cattle Dog, Appenzeller Mountain Dog (English).
2. Bouvier d’Appenzell (French).
3. Appenzeller (German).
4. Appenzeller Sennenhund (Portuguese).
5. Appenzeller (espaรฑol).

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Rafeiro of Alentejo
Portugal FCI 96 - Molossoid . Mountain

Rafeiro of Alentejo

The Rafeiro of Alentejo It is an excellent watchdog in the haciendas and houses of the Alentejo.

Content

History

The Rafeiro of Alentejo (Alentejo Mastiff), as the name reflects, comes from the Portuguese region of Alentejo, extending south of the Tagus River to the Algarve. The pedigree dog, that within the FCI belongs to the Group 2 (Molossoid), Mountain Dogs subsection, has a long history as a herding dog. Although little is known about the exact origin of this rare breed, their parents are supposed to be found in the molossian dogs of the Middle East. The Estrela Mountain Dog (Star Mountain Dog), also from portugal, was probably also involved in its origin.

In the Alentejo lowlands, shepherds used the Rafeiro of Alentejo to herd and drive cattle. It also, the intrepid four-legged friend protected the flock entrusted to him by reliably avoiding attacks by wild animals or rustlers. Especially at night the Rafeiro of Alentejo defended his flock to the blood. The wealthy large landowners appreciated the imposing dog not only as a vigilant protector, but also as a status symbol of strength and power.

As industrialization advanced and the large latifundia decreased, the rafeiro it got weirder. In the early 20th century, dogs of this type were almost extinct. But, a small circle of enthusiasts ensured that the breed was preserved. In 1940 a first breed standard was established. 14 years later, the Fรฉdรฉration Cynologique Internationale (FCI) finally recognized the breed.

Physical characteristics

When the Rafeiro of Alentejo, cattle thieves and wild animals quickly flee: Who would want to mess with such a big and powerful dog?

With a height at the withers of up to 76 cm and a weight of approximately 50 kg, the Portuguese breed dog has a very striking appearance. His massive head and strong, muscular body give a defensive impression.. Look calmly at your opponent with small brown eyes, between which there is a slight groove, but nothing escapes your watchful eye.

Despite its bulky shape and somewhat heavy and slow gait, the body of the Rafeiro of Alentejo seems to be rather long than wide. The neck offers a good transition to the shoulder, the back is straight. The tail is well furnished and thickened at the base, rather low and forms a slight upward curve when excited. In rest position it reaches to the hock. Ears of the Rafeiro they are medium in size and fall to one side when folded.

The dense and smooth coat of the Portuguese Sheepdog is short to medium length and has abundant undercoat, giving you reliable protection in all weather conditions. The Rafeiro of Alentejo it is available in black, gray wolf, leonado or yellow with or without white spots. A white base color with yellow spots is also allowed., as well as brindle specimens according to the breed standard.

Character and skills

At night, the Rafeiro of Alentejo he is in his best moment: nothing escapes your watchful eye, his good sense of smell and his excellent ears. Anyone who dares to enter their territory is captured without notice and, if required, wholesale. Pastors who have a Rafeiro they no longer have to fear rustlers or poachers.

Like a purebred dog, whose sole task is to accompany and protect his family, the Portuguese breed dog is completely unsuitable. Although he is faithful and loyal to his family, his innate sharpness is difficult to control even with consistent upbringing. After all, the intelligent and self-confident Rafeiro of Alentejo has always been used to working and acting independently. But, the will to subordinate and obedience are not among its strong points.

Who wants to keep a Rafeiro of Alentejo You must be able to offer him a large territory in which his watchful and protective instinct can live according to his mood. This does not mean, of course, that one should just let this dog go. A responsible owner socializes and educates his dog from the beginning. Shows you clearly who holds the reins in your hand and where your limits are. At the same time, he also accepts that his four-legged friend needs his freedom. The Rafeiro will never become a "good lapdog".

Buy a โ€œRafeiro del Alentejoโ€

Those interested in a Rafeiro of Alentejo Purebreds sometimes have to go a long way to find a suitable breeder. But, people who want to buy this dog on a whim, should refrain from buying it. The Rafeiro it is and continues to be an excellent herd dog and should be kept in that context. Who wants to make it a suitable companion dog for the family, You are not doing yourself or the dog any favors..

Health and life expectancy of the โ€œRafeiro del Alentejoโ€

The typical diseases of the breed are hardly known due to the low propagation of the breed. The Rafeiro it is a very robust dog whose life expectancy is comparatively high, of 12 to 14 years. But, like all dogs of their size and format, You may also have joint problems such as hip joint dysplasia or elbow dysplasia.

The โ€œRafeiro del Alentejoโ€ diet

In principle, this breed has no specific dietary needs. But, a balanced and healthy diet is, of course, also important for this dog – also or especially regarding possible joint problems. So, following the high energy puppy diet, a fairly low protein food should be given first to prevent the young dog from growing too quickly. In the adult dog, the energy value of the food can increase again. Now, fresh meat, through which the necessary amount of animal protein is absorbed, should mainly fill the feeding bowl. Fresh vegetables and rice are suitable as a healthy garnish. Fish can be given as an alternative to meat.

Characteristics "Rafeiro of Alentejo"

Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "Rafeiro of Alentejo" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

Adaptation โ“˜

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hair loss โ“˜

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Affection level โ“˜

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Need for exercise โ“˜

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Social need โ“˜

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Home โ“˜

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Toilet โ“˜

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Friendly with strangers โ“˜

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barking โ“˜

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Health โ“˜

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Territorial โ“˜

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Cat friendly โ“˜

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Intelligence โ“˜

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Versatility โ“˜

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Child friendly โ“˜

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Surveillance โ“˜

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joy โ“˜

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Type and recognitions:

  • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
  • Group :
  • Section : . .

Federations:

  • FCI – Pinscher and Schnauzer-Molossoid type dogs – Swiss Mountain Dogs and Cattledogs. Section 2.2 Molossoid, mountain type. โ“˜
  • AKC – FSS โ“˜
  • UKC – Watchdog โ“˜

FCI breed standard "Rafeiro of Alentejo"

Origin:
Portugal

Date of publication of the valid original standard:
04.11.2008

Use:

It is an excellent watchdog on Alentejo farms, and is also a highly esteemed herding dog. It's me



General appearance:

It is a dog of large size, strong, rustic, sober. With a slightly convexilinear profile. It is sublongilinear (a little longer than wide).

  • IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS: Rectangular (Sub- longilinear) with a height at the withers somewhat less than the length of his body.
  • Width of the skull with respect to the length of the head must have a ratio of 1/ 2
  • Muzzle length and skull must have a ratio of 2 / 3
  • Chest depth should be slightly less than half the height at the withers.


Behavior / temperament:

An excellent farm dog and property watchdog. It is also very useful as a livestock protector., more vigilant during the night, being very serious when entrusted with any territory or property.

Her expression is calm and confident, never aggressive or shy.

Head:

Voluminous tending to be massive in proportion to the size of the dog, wide at the back of the skull, narrow and less convex in the antecara. The upper facial skull axis is moderately divergent.

Cranial region:
  • Skull: Width; bulging on both axes. Superciliary arches are not prominent. The front groove is not very pronounced between and above the eyes. The occipital protuberance is hardly apparent. The interatrial space is of a regular and slight curvature.
  • Depression links (Stop): It is little pronounced

facial region:

  • Truffle: Oval and black in color. Its limb is slightly truncated from top to bottom and front to back.. Well open nasal Windows.
  • Snout: Bulging cross section. The profile of the nose is straight. The length of the muzzle is less than that of the skull. It is of medium amplitude.
  • Lips: Slightly stooped from the front, overlapping and well broken. They are thin, firm, with a slightly curved bottom profile.
  • Jaws / Teeth: Strong, well developed and well opposed. Scissor bite, accepted in clamp.
  • Cheeks: Slightly evident with the prominent masonic zone. Eyes: Small, almost shallow ellipticals. They are brown (preferably dark), horizontal, and little. The eyelids have a firm and adherent dark pigmentation to the eyes. With a calm expression.

Ears: Medium insertion. They are bent, hang over the sides and have little movement. When the animal is active, his ears are kept bent, upright at the base and more vertically flexed. They are triangular, small and narrow at the base; its width at the base is equal to the length of the pavilion's middle axis.

NECK: Well placed on the shoulders, straight, short, strong with a simple and uniform longitudinal jowl, proportioned to size.

Neck:

Well placed on the shoulders, straight, short, strong with a simple and uniform longitudinal jowl, proportioned to size.

Body:

It is strong, good muscular, somewhat longer than its height at the withers, bulky.

  • top line: Right, almost level, slight tilt from the rear is tolerated.
  • Cross: Not prominent, well connected to the neck. Back: Slightly inclined, tending to horizontal.
  • Pork loin: Straight and medium length. It is broad, well muscled and slightly bulky.
  • Rump: Slightly inclined, long Middle, broad and muscular, in relation to the substance.
  • Sill: Not very apparent, broad.
  • Breast : Large, either lowered or slightly above elbow level.
  • Ribs: Well arched, slightly leaning towards the rear.
  • Belly and haunches: Almost horizontal sternum. It is not thin and extends the line of the sternum.

Tail:

It is long and thick, medium insertion following the line of the rump. It has a curve in its limb, but it's not bent. When the dog is at rest it falls under the hock; when it is active, it can become twisted.

Tips

PREVIOUS MEMBERS: They're strong, separated; viewed from the front and side, they are well poised.

  • Shoulder: Strong, long Middle, well-developed and muscular. Scapula โ€“ humerus angle approximately 105ยบ.
  • Arm: Strong, long Middle, leaning and muscular.
  • Elbows: Stuck to the chest, without leaning in or out. Radius โ€“ humerus angle between 130ยบ and 135ยบ.
  • Forearm: Is vertical, long, thick and well muscled.
  • Carpo: Thick. With good articulation.
  • Metacarpus: It is thick, medium length and slightly sloping. Previous feet: They are not crushed. Fingers are thick and long, they are well closed and not very hunched. The nails are strong and their color varies according to the hair.. The pads are thick and tough.

LATER MEMBERS: Strong, separated, and seen from behind and from the side they are well poised.

  • Thigh: Long, width, inconspicuous muscles. Hip โ€“ femur angle approximately 105ยบ.
  • Knee joint: Strong articulation, in line with the body without leaning or outwards, Femur โ€“ tibia angle between 125ยบ and 130ยบ. Leg: Slightly sloping and of medium length. It is muscular. Hock: Medium tall. He is thin. Tibia โ€“ tarsus angle approximately 140ยบ.
  • Metatarsus: Thick, medium length, slightly tilted. Can have single or double dewclaws.
  • Hind feet: They are not crushed. Fingers are thick and long, they are well closed, and they are not very hunched. The nails are strong and their color varies according to the hair.. The pads are strong and durable.

Movement:

Heavy, slow and undulating without exaggeration.

Mantle

SKIN: The skin is thick and slightly loose. The mucosa is partially or totally pigmented in black.

  • Fur: Should be short or preferably semi-long. It is thick, smooth and dense. It is distributed regularly on the body and extends to the interdigital spaces.
  • Color: Black, wolf, leonado or yellow. White with these colors or these colors with white, spotted, striped or tabby.


Size and weight:

Height to the cross:

  • Males: 66 to 74 cm..
  • females: 64 to 70 cm..

Weight:

  • Males: 45 to 60 kg.
  • females: 35 to 50 kg.


Fouls:

Any deviation from the aforementioned criteria is considered as a fault and the severity of this is considered to the degree of the deviation to the standard and its consequences on the health and well-being of the dog..

  • Behavior: Shyness.
  • Apgeneral arience: General poor appearance, thinness, Obesity.
  • Caรฑa nasal: Long, close, somewhat curved in profile with a vertically truncated truffle.
  • Lรญnand Superior: barbed back the ensillado.
  • Glikeness: Too much fall, long, close.
  • Colto: With very high insertion, or very low.
  • Formertremedies: Cow hock, very wide in the front, wrong angulations, lack of correct poise.
  • PinIt: Disproportionate to body size, open foot or hare foot,
  • Plink: Bad look of the coat Long hair, wavy the fence.

SERIOUS FAULTS:

  • ApGeneral arience: Light or lymphatic structure.
  • Cthey are not coming: Disproportionate to the size of the dog, lack of volume, stop pronounced, flat or narrow skull, parallel upper longitudinal facial skull axes
  • Ojors: Light color, non-elliptical, inclined, poorly adherent eyelids to the eyeball.
  • Obars: Large, rounded, not folded, not hanging, partially amputated
  • CUit: Absence of double chin, too many folds or double chins.
  • Pecho: Strait, flat ribs
  • Colto: Curved when at rest, a hook on the tip, Amputee cuts.
  • Mucous membranes: Absence of partial external pigmentation of the mouth, eyelids, lips and nose.
  • Tby hand: Males: less than 66 cm.. or more than 75 cm.. females: less than 64 cm.. or more than 71 cm.

FALTAS DESCALIFICANTES:

  • Aggressiveness or extreme shyness.
  • Any dog โ€‹โ€‹showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities must be disqualified..
  • Tinpincity: Atypical.
  • ApGeneral arience: Extremely light or lymphatic structure.
  • Cthey are not coming: Narrow and long.
  • Caรฑa nasal: Excessively long, the arched profile.
  • Dinentities: Upper or lower prognathism.
  • Ojors: clear, different color or dimensions, partly covered by the third eyelid.
  • Obars: High or low implanted, rounded or large.
  • Colto: Absence (anuria).
  • Mucous: absence of black color in the truffle, the Windows, mouth and lips (albinism).
  • Plink: Satin.


N.B.:
  • Males should have two normal-appearing testicles fully descended into the scrotum..
  • Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with the typical conformation of the breed, should be used for parenting.

TRANSLATION: Rafael Santiago (Puerto Rico).

Technical review: Miguel Angel Martinez (Federation Cynologique Argentina).

Source: F.C.I - International Cynological Federation

Alternative names:

1. Rafeiro do Alentejo, Alentejo-Mastiff, alentejo mastiff (English).
2. mรขtin de l’Alentejo, mastiff de l’Alentejo (French).
3. Rafeiro do Alentejo, Rafeiro, Alentejo-Mastiff (German).
4. Mastim Portuguรชs, Mastim do Alentejo (Portuguese).
5. Mastรญn del Alentejo (espaรฑol).

Photos:

1 – Rafeiro of Alentejo by https://brit-petfood.com/hr/node/8006

โ–ท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

Majorca Mastiff (Majorcan mastiff dog)
Espaรฑa FCI 249 - Molossoid - Dogo

The Majorca Mastiff is a gentle dog, extremely affectionate with their owners, faithful to his master

Ca de Bou

Content

Characteristics "Majorca Mastiff (Majorcan mastiff dog)"

Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "Majorca Mastiff (Majorcan mastiff dog)" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

Adaptation โ“˜

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friendly dog โ€‹โ€‹โ“˜

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hair loss โ“˜

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Affection level โ“˜

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Need for exercise โ“˜

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Social need โ“˜

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Home โ“˜

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Toilet โ“˜

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Friendly with strangers โ“˜

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barking โ“˜

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Health โ“˜

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Territorial โ“˜

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Cat friendly โ“˜

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Intelligence โ“˜

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Versatility โ“˜

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Child friendly โ“˜

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Surveillance โ“˜

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joy โ“˜

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History

The Majorcan mastiff dog, also known as Majorca Mastiff in Catalan or Perro de presa mallorquรญn in Spanish, is a fairly old dog whose history remains unclear.

It is believed to have originated from a number of races, especially the Spanish Mastiff and the Alano, that crossed over the centuries.

The result of these crosses came to Mallorca in the thirteenth century, specifically in 1229, during the conquest of the island by King James I of Aragon. Some of these dogs remained there and were bred with local dogs.. The resulting individuals turned out to be much less sensitive to heat and adapted very well to local conditions. They began to be used by the local population to monitor houses and livestock.

It was also in the thirteenth century when the butchers of the island found in the dog an assistant for his ability to control livestock, especially bulls, before and during their sacrifice. In fact, his powerful jaw made him able to keep them immobile by holding them firmly by the nose.

At the same time, it was also used by the Knights of Malta in battle and to guard the camps. It also, he was unrivaled in his ability to breach enemy camps, which greatly facilitated the assaults.

In 1713 the Treaties of Utrecht are ratified, which put the island of Mallorca under British rule. The English then introduced their own guard and fighting dogs in the Balearic Islands. Mallorcan dogs were bred with the Bulldog, and the result of these crossings was called "Ca de Bou", which is a translation of the English word ยซBulldogยป ("bull" means bull) in Catalan. This name reflects the main use given to it. In fact, at the beginning of the 18th century, the bull-baiting, show in which a pack of dogs had to kill a bull, it was widespread and very popular in England, and the English did not stop importing it to Mallorca.

The Majorca Mastiff they also began to hunt wild boar and deer. It was also used for many years as a watchdog on ships, especially in case of pirate attacks, and sometimes you ate when there was nothing to eat.

Following the ban on bull hunting in 1835, was limited to two main functions: watchdog and hunter.

An eventful twentieth century

In the early 20th century, the Majorcan mastiff dog became better known. The first written record of the breed dates from 1907.

In 1923, the first representative of the breed was inscribed in the Spanish studbook. One year later, in Barcelona, made his first appearance at a dog show.

But, its development was greatly hampered by the famines of the decades of 1920 and 1930. Then, like many other breeds, was affected by World War II. Its population declined considerably throughout the period.

However, in 1946 a breed standard was developed, but it was not recognized by the International Cynological Federation (FCI) until about twenty years later, in 1963. But, by then there were probably no more left Majorca Mastiff pure. It also, the interest of breeders and individuals had largely shifted to other breeds that were expanding rapidly at the time, as the Great Dane, the German Shepherd and the Rottweiler.

In the Decade of 1980, the Majorca Mastiff, as it was known after the war, actually ceased to exist, especially due to the numerous crosses with Mallorcan sheepdogs (Ca de Bestiar). The latter came from the same region as the Majorca Mastiff and they brought their brindle coat. But, these unions substantially modified the characteristics of the Majorca Mastiff, so that it gradually moved away from the description given in the official standard.

But, passionate and determined breeders tried to save the breed and ensure that it kept the characteristics as close as possible to the registered standard. They set out to find individuals as close as possible to their ancestors. Two specimens called Tito and Anastasia (father and daughter, respectively), who were the first individuals considered sufficiently similar to the Majorca Mastiff of yesteryear. Its union and crossing with other crossed dogs on the island helped to resurrect the breed from a solid base. But, the number of breeders is still very low and the breed remains confidential. The specimens obtained did not leave the island and were reserved for the national market., where they were highly coveted for dogfighting.

In 1992 dogfighting was banned in the Balearic Islands, and it was then that the breed began to be exported slowly. The opening to the international market also allowed the introduction of new breeders in the lines, in order to expand the genetic heritage of the breed; they were both subjects of unknown origin with physical traits similar to the race, as hybrids of Majorcan mastiff dog.

These exports gave rise to numerous hatcheries in a wide variety of countries., where the Majorca Mastiff It is used both as a companion dog and as a guard dog.. In fact, it can be said that it was the export of the breed that almost saved it, since in Mallorca itself it is now only present in very limited numbers.

The recognition and popularity of the โ€œMajorcan Bulldog Dogโ€

In the last decades, the reputation of the Majorcan mastiff dog has increased and their number has grown in many countries, but there is still a long way to go. In fact, its recognition by the main canine organizations in the world is still very partial, which obviously limits its visibility and dissemination.

In France, in the first decade of the twenty-first century, went from a handful of records a year to about fifty, and then the number skyrocketed in a few years, until exceeding 200 annual births in 2014. Since then, has hovered around this value.

Further east, countries such as Poland and Russia have welcomed a good number of representatives of the breed since the beginning of its international spread. Some even claim that over the years 90 there were more than 2.000 Majorca Mastiff only in the city of Moscow. This is likely to be unfounded, but the fact is that it was quickly appreciated there, and still appreciated.

It is also especially popular in Puerto Rico, where there is a prestigious locally developed lineage, which was created from the Spanish champion Chimo and other quality specimens that were sent there.

There are also several representatives of the breed in Holland, Denmark, Finland and Sweden. But, this is still quite embryonic, as evidenced by the low number of breedings in these countries.

In United States, the Majorcan mastiff dog It was recognized in 2006 by the United Kennel Club (UKC). But, the other reference organization in the country, the American Kennel Club (AKC), has not yet taken the step. Further north, the Canadian Kennel Club (CKC) he doesn't recognize it either. In fact, in North America, both the reputation of the breed and its diffusion are still very low.

In the United Kingdom, where it was introduced in 2001, it is also not recognized by the prestigious Kennel Club (KC).

In Spain, not only on the island of Mallorca the Majorca Mastiff is discreet. In fact, the Royal Canine Society of Spain (RSCE), the main canine organization in the country, received less than 50 enrollment requests per year to mid-year 2010, figure that was even reduced to less than 20 at the end of the decade.

Physical characteristics

He has a bulky head, solid and the skull is wide. The eyes are oval and somewhat oblique; in the color, the more dark best. The ears are short and played backwards. The body is a massif with included belly. The forelimbs are strong and the tail reaches to the Hock. The coat is short and rough.

The favorite colors in your order are: the striped, the Fawn and black. In the striped prefer the dark tones in the leonados the intense nuances. The white spots are admitted in the previous members, chest and tolerated up to a maximum of 30 % the surface of the body. The black mask is also supported.

The Ca de Bou or Majorcan Dogo, It is a dog reserved and suspicious with strangers. It has an extraordinary adaptation, but it is not a dog to place in any hand. Their education and socialization should be initiated as soon as possible because the breed is naturally dominant.

The care of the fur is a simple weekly brushing and a regular cleaning of the ears and eyes. It is a rustic dog that adapts well to changes in temperature and withstands inclement weather well..

Character and skills

Although the Majorca Mastiff it has been used in its history for quite violent tasks, like bull hunting, the slaughter of bulls or the fighting of dogs, he is surprisingly very affectionate and has an excellent temperament. In fact, tends to create a very strong bond with his family.

They will do anything to protect their family and are very good watchdogs.. In fact, has a strong protective instinct and is very suspicious of strangers. But, although it can be impressive and dissuasive when needed, he only shows aggression when he feels his family is in danger. On the other hand, when dealing with people you don't know, he is always cautious, but he refers to his teacher to determine whether or not they are to be trusted. If the landlord invites someone you don't know to the house, will normally keep distance, but will not intervene in an untimely or even aggressive way. However, good socialization is necessary from an early age to avoid excessive distrust of all strangers.

Fits well with children, with whom he is patient and kind. He is even-tempered and likes spending time playing with them as much as being quiet on the couch. But, as with any dog รขโ‚ฌโ€นรขโ‚ฌโ€นof any breed, should never be left alone with a young child without adult supervision. This is especially true because it is relatively heavy and can easily push or knock over a young child..

On the other hand, the Majorca Mastiff tends to get along very well with other dogs, both with those who share their home and with those who are on a walk. But, if the dog is a male and is in the presence of another male with a dominant temperament, a rivalry relationship may develop. So, it is better to avoid this type of coexistence and to take precautions to avoid any fight when you meet other dogs, in particular doing gradual introductions.

As they don't have a strong hunting instinct, his relationships with small animals, as cats, rodents or birds, they are usually quiet. If you have to live with them on a daily basis, the ideal is to present them as soon as possible, but his great sociability makes it possible to integrate newcomers into his house even if he has always been the only animal.

Perhaps because it has been used to being used in so many ways and in so many different environments throughout its history., the Majorcan mastiff dog is generally very adaptable, so much so that it is possible that he lives in a flat. But, for your well-being, it is better that I live in a house with a garden, since he likes to run and exercise a lot. To feel good on its legs and on its head, usually needs an hour of activity a day, which can consist of walks or games in the garden. In any case, long daily outings are essential if you don't have access to a garden. They are always happy to accompany their owners on walks, and are well suited to active and sporty families. An elderly or very sedentary person, on the other hand, may not satisfy your need for activity and would be better off with another breed.

In addition to participating in the activities of their owners, can, of course, distinguish yourself in various dog sports such as agility, el cane-cross, The tracking, the RCI or the ring. It can even be made to pull a light trolley that the children sit in..

In any case, considering his past as a working dog, to the Majorca Mastiff he likes to be assigned tasks. These may include, takes his role as guardian very seriously: although it is not necessarily obvious at first glance, always watch out for the slightest noise or movement, and shows great reactivity. In general, Giving him chores to do and keeping him busy is the best way to ensure he thrives..

Once you are in your right mind, the Majorcan mastiff dog it is quiet and very quiet. He is not one of those who annoys the neighbors, he just barks in his role as guardian, that is to say, when a stranger enters your territory and tries to show you that you better leave.

Nor is he one of those who let themselves be heard when their owners are not: although he especially likes to be in contact with them, knows how to stay alone without suffering separation anxiety.

In summary, as long as he is well socialized and educated, and as long as you have enough opportunities to exercise, the Majorcan mastiff dog it is a fairly easy dog รขโ‚ฌโ€นรขโ‚ฌโ€นto carry. It is even an ideal breed choice for those who wish to acquire their first Molossian type dog., since it does not constitute a danger for his family and he is also very sociable with other animals in general.

But, this is only possible if the dog's place in the family hierarchy is perfectly clear and, Therefore, if he has a master who knows from the beginning how to position himself as a leader and how to be strict when necessary. Although the Majorca Mastiff it is quite easy to train and handle compared to other similar breeds, still a giant, so it is better that it is in the hands of a person who already has some experience in dog training.

Education

The Majorcan mastiff dog is an independent and determined thinker. So, can be very overbearing if not confronted by an experienced dog training person, who knows how to show both firmness and consistency to behave as a leader and make his dog understand who is the master.

So, your education should start at an early age, when it is still more impressionable, to lay the foundations on which the coexistence will be based throughout his life. As such, you have to be firm, but also soft, at the risk of antagonizing him or damaging the quality of his relationship with his owners.

The latter must also show some coherence: the rules should not only be fixed in time, but also from one person to another, that is to say, everyone should be in phase on what the dog is or is not entitled to do. The dog did not understand why one person allowed him to get on the sofa when another had strictly prohibited it the previous time.

As long as these conditions are met throughout the education of the Majorcan mastiff dog, things are going well; it is easy to carry and learns quickly.

This is even more true if your teacher is in charge of organizing small training sessions and asking you to do various things.. In this way, stays focused all the time, instead of boring you and losing your attention with long and repetitive sessions.

Learning is also easier and more enjoyable for everyone when the owner opts for methods based on positive reinforcement., that is to say, rewarding (with a word of encouragement, a caress, a treat…) good behavior and ignoring bad. In fact, punishment-based techniques quickly frustrate the dog, and an operation based on the constraint, although it may work in the short term, usually limits the prospects for evolution, or even counterproductive - or even dangerous- long-term. The Majorca Mastiff he is not one of those who turn against his master, but if he is brutal with him and uses bad methods, You may end up responding to what you perceive as assault with an equally violent reaction.

Last, all dogs benefit from being socialized as soon as possible, but this is especially true for the Majorcan mastiff dog. In fact, his developed instinct for protection generally leads him to distrust strangers and, Therefore, to be especially reserved with them. Not the type to get unnecessarily aggressive towards them, but it is preferable to ensure that you do not show an excessive reserve every time a visitor arrives at your house. As such, nothing like making him meet a wide range of people in all kinds of situations from his first months, so that little by little you will better accept the confrontation with strangers. The same goes for exposure to other dogs and animals of all kinds, as well as to all kinds of environments and stimuli (noises, smells, etc.). The sooner and more intensely a dog is socialized, the easier it will be for you to move around in the human world, whatever the circumstances.

Health

The Majorcan mastiff dog generally in very good health and predisposed to few problems., it is a very resistant dog in general.

This also applies to temperatures., used to the quite hot climate of the island of Mallorca, it is very resistant to high temperatures., not very sensitive to cold either, although this is really not a common thing in his homeland.

Among the diseases to which you are particularly predisposed, we can mention: brachycephalic syndrome, which affects dog breeds with flattened nose and short nose. In effect, This anatomical peculiarity notably translates into narrow nostrils and an excessively narrow nasal cavity, which implies respiratory failure, manifested especially during physical exertion and / or in case of strong heat. It can also be the cause of various digestive problems (vomiting, etc.). If the most serious cases must be treated by means of a surgical act to increase the respiratory capacity of the animal, most of those affected live in a more or less normal way as soon as their owner saves them from too intense physical effort (above all, especially when it's hot or humid) and carefully monitor your diet to avoid being overweight (a problem the breed is not particularly prone to).French Bulldog or the Pug;

  • The Hip Dysplasia, joint malformation in which the femur is not correctly positioned in the pelvic cavity of the hip joint, causing pain and lameness, as well as osteoarthritis as we age. Is problem, whose appearance is often favored by a hereditary predisposition, can be treated or alleviated by surgical intervention;
  • The dilation-torsion of the stomach, a problem that particularly affects medium-large dogs. It can happen especially when the animal ingests large amounts of food too quickly. It consists of sudden and excessive swelling of the stomach, that folds on itself;this blocks the evacuation of gases and interrupts blood circulation. Without prompt medical intervention, dog death occurs quickly;
  • The entropion, where the lid of one eye turns inward in contact with the eyeball. This problem can be inherited and causes severe irritation to the eye.. It is quite possible to remedy this by surgery;
  • The ectropion, corresponding to a curl defect of the lower eyelid. Then, the eye is no longer adequately protected, causing more or less severe irritation and conjunctivitis. Once again, this condition can be inherited and can be cured with surgery.

Although the breed is not predisposed to a large number of diseases, it is important to go to a breeder of Majorcan mastiff dog serious and competent. In effect, this allows the adopted puppy to have benefited from a good living environment and good socialization from its first weeks, but also and above all to maximize the chances that you enjoy good health and the rest. In fact, a serious breeder avoids breeding a dog with a hereditary defect such as Hip Dysplasia., because there would be a significant risk of transmission to young people. If you do not present them spontaneously, as should be the case, you should be asked for the results of the corresponding tests carried out on the parents or the puppy.

You must also always be able to provide a certificate of good health of the puppy prepared by a veterinarian, as well as a health or vaccination record, that proves that the child has received all the necessary vaccines. Once the animal has returned to its new home, should never be forgotten, during the following months, that is still growing and, therefore, particularly fragile. Thus, until I am about a year and a half, it is important to avoid any physical exercise that is too intense or too long, otherwise your joints or bones could suffer seriously. Or even end up presenting developmental defects that can incapacitate him throughout his life. This is all the more true as Majorca Mastiff is predisposed to Hip Dysplasia.

Last, even once this growth period has passed and the animal has become an adult, it is important to always pay attention to your health. As such, nothing substitutes for a complete check-up at a vet at least once a year, to ensure that no problem appears that cannot be detected by an inexperienced person. These regular appointments also offer the opportunity to be reminded of your vaccinations., so you never stop being protected. It should also be used against internal and external parasites, so it is up to your teacher to renew your antiparasitic treatments whenever necessary, throughout the year.

Life expectancy

11 years

Grooming

The Majorca Mastiff it is an easy breed to care for, and this is especially true for their fur. A weekly brushing is more than enough to keep it in good condition. But, not so during moulting periods, in spring and autumn: much more must be done each day, to allow good removal of dead hairs.

It also, as it is not dirty or smells bad, rarely need a bath. Unless it was especially dirty during an outing or in contact with toxic material, do it 2 or 3 times a year is more than enough. It may also be wise to do this at the same time as your seasonal shedding to save time during these periods., since it removes a good amount of dead hair. In any case, always use a shampoo specially developed for dogs, since the pH of your skin is different from that of human skin.

It also, although their ears are not especially prone to infection, they should be checked and cleaned once a week to prevent dirt or moisture from accumulating that could cause infection.
Your eyes are also not immune to infection, so you also have to check and clean them weekly to prevent dirt from accumulating.

Brushing your dog's teeth is also a good habit that should be established at least once a week, making sure to use a dog-specific toothpaste each time. This helps prevent plaque formation., which can cause serious health problems when it turns into tartar. If possible, it is advisable to opt for an even higher frequency, even daily.

As for the claws, this adaptable dog wears them down to a greater or lesser extent, according to the activity level of your family and your living environment. A dog that walks and spends a lot of time a day does not need to have its nails trimmed manually, since they file themselves, especially if it is on a hard surface like asphalt. But, if the dog lives in a flat and is not very active, it needs to be trimmed regularly. Too long claws can be very annoying for the dog, especially when traveling. It also, if they break, they can hurt the dog. In fact, as soon as the friction with the hard ground is heard, they have become too long and have to be cut.

Whether the fur, the ears, the eyes, teeth or claws, grooming your dog requires a minimum of precision and vigilance. If you don't, not only can you fail in grooming your dog, but it can hurt you, or even injure it. So, the first time it is best to seek the advice of a veterinarian or professional dog groomer, and learn from him how to take care of his Majorca Mastiff.

The sooner you train your dog, the better it will be for the rest of your life.

Food

Feeding a Majorcan mastiff dog it is not an arduous task: is perfectly fine with a balanced, quality industrial diet. Homemade rations are another perfectly adequate option, as long as they are well composed and, Therefore, are able to meet your nutritional needs. As such, should consist mainly of meat, but they can also contain large bones, remains, vegetables and rice.

In any case, the amount given must be consistent with his age, your health and the amount of physical exercise you get on a daily basis.

It also, the fact that it is prone to dilation-torsion of the stomach means that some precautionary rules should be observed when feeding the Majorcan mastiff dog. So, it is essential to divide your daily ration into at least two meals, and that these be taken in stride. It also, should not be preceded or followed by any intense or prolonged activity for an hour.

Although this breed is not very prone to obesity, it is important to regularly monitor the dog's weight. In fact, no one is immune to sudden and significant weight gain, especially after sterilization. Weighing your dog about once a month will allow you to quickly spot any unexplained deviations, so that you can take your dog to the vet if the deviation is confirmed or even increased during the following measurements. In fact, only a health professional can make a reliable diagnosis and indicate how to remedy the problem, because diet and lack of activity are not the only possible causes of being overweight: it can also be caused by illness or a reaction to treatment.

Last, like all dogs, the Majorca Mastiff a bowl of clean, fresh water should always be available to you.

Price

The Majorcan mastiff dog can be found at various prices. In all cases, the latter depend, in particular, of the reputation of the kennel, from the line the pup came from, but also of its intrinsic qualities, in particular of their physical qualities, especially of its greater or lesser conformity and its color.

In fact, the brindle color is the most sought after in this breed, what can explain the price differences, sometimes substantial, even within the same litter.

In Spain, the average price of a companion puppy is around 700 EUR. Obviously, like in other places, can be much higher for the best subjects. Those sold with a confirmation guarantee, whose attributes will allow them to be exhibited in dog shows or used as breeders, can reach much higher sums, up to several thousand euros.

Majorca Mastiff Images

Videos Ca de Bou

Type and recognitions:

  • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
  • Group :
  • Section : . .

Federations:

FCI โ“˜, UKC โ“˜

FCI breed standard "Majorca Mastiff (Majorcan mastiff dog)"

Origin:
Spain

Date of publication of the valid original standard:
11.12.1996

Use:

Guard and defense dog



General appearance:

Race typically molosoid, slightly elongated, strong and powerful. Medium rise, with marked sexual differentiation in cranial volume, higher in the male than in the female.



Behavior / temperament:

Quiet nature, that demonstrates bravery and courage, being sociable to the humane treatment and faithful and grateful to its owner. In the work of guard and defense, acts as an unbeatable guardian. At rest he appears confident and self-assured.; being alert, his gaze is penetrating.

Head:

Strong, solid

Cranial region:
  • Skull: Grand, width, tending towards the square, with a larger perimeter than the size at the withers, essentially in males. Wide front and flat, with well-marked front Groove; front, skull shape belies the occipital. The upper line of the skull and the supranasal line are almost parallel, with slight convergence.
  • Depression links (Stop): Profile, well marked and outstanding. Head on, perceptible only by the superciliary arches that delimit a clear frontal furrow.

facial region:

Very strong and prominent jaw muscles, developed up to the average level of eyes, and although it has some wrinkles on the sides of the masseter, It can be said that, in general, of the head do not skin wrinkles.

  • Truffle: Black and wide. Between the Windows you have well defined filter.
  • Snout: Born from the inner corner of the eyes, wide, tapered, Recalling a truncated cone of base profile broadband; with straight and slightly ascending supranasal line. The length of the muzzle must be in relationship 1/3 with respect to the head.
  • Lips: Upper lips are superimposed on the lower half of the snout, where it appears the labial commissure. The top is rather picked, While the lower retracting at its Center, and no they highlight is the lips when the mouth is closed. Oral cavity with marked striae and black gum edges, the rest of your mouth Red.
  • Jaws / Teeth: Powerful JAWS with well aligned incisors, Canine something separate, White complete teeth and strong with bite prognata; without being excessive this lower prognathism, It should be a maximum of one centimeter. They shall never see teeth with mouth closed.
  • Eyes: Large, oval, with opening wide, steep and somewhat oblique, color as dark as possible relative to the layer, without let see the conjunctiva; seen from the front can't see white ; situated low and far apart.
  • Ears: High and lateral deployment, rather small and pitches back and curved, showing the ear ; the guy named rosa. At rest the end of the ear lies at a level below the eye.

Neck:

Strong, thickness and provided, at his birth he has a similar to the diameter of the head width ; well linked with the cross. Something loose skin, being a thin dewlap permitted.

Body:

  • Kidneys and flanks: Short, relatively narrow and forming an arch pronounced to the rump.
  • Rump: Approximately from 1 to 2 cm taller than the cross, inclined at about 30ยฐ from the horizontal, somewhat narrower than the thorax.
  • Chest: Rib something cylindrical, deep up to the height of the elbows, width to the height of the cross, due to the separation of the shoulder blades.
  • Lower profile: Parallel to the ground chest, Belly gently up and collected, never agalgado.

Tail:

Implemented low, thick at its root, it thins to its end that reaches the hock, and finished in tip; during rest falls naturally, while in action it arches slightly and is arranged at the level of the dorsal line.

Tips

PREVIOUS MEMBERS:

  • Shoulder: Moderately short, some prominent and slightly oblique.
  • Arms: Straight, plumb and separated from each other.
  • Elbows: Separated due to the breadth of chest, but never open.
  • forearms: Well muscled, straight and thick bones.
  • Previous feet: Strong, with fat fingers, slightly round and well United; lightly pigmented pads.

LATER MEMBERS: Muscled, longer than the previous ones.

  • Thighs: Long ; natural joints.
  • Hocks: Short, straight and strong. Undesirable Spurs.
  • Hind feet: Strong, with fat fingers longer than the previous toes, presenting its oval shaped joint; preferably pigmented pads.

Movement:

The typical gait of the breed is the trot.

Mantle

Rather thick, firmly attached to the body, except in the neck, It can form slight double chin.



COAT

  • HAIR: Short and rough to the touch.
  • COLOR: Striped, black & Fawn, desirable in this order. For the atigrados dark tones are preferable; tawny in intense colors.

white spots are allowed in forefeet, chest and muzzle, up to a maximum total of a 30%. Also supports the black mask.



Size and weight:

Height to the cross:

  • Males of 55 to 58 cm.
  • females of 52 to 55 cm..

Weight:

  • In males ranges from the 35 to 38 kg
  • In females ranges from the 30 to 34 kg.


Fouls:

Any deviation from the aforementioned criteria is considered as a fault and the severity of this is considered to the degree of the deviation to the standard and its consequences on the health and well-being of the dog..



SERIOUS FAULTS

  • Individuals whose height at the withers is higher than the rump.
  • Inferior prognathism that is greater than one centimeter.
  • Scissor bite, or clip.
  • Lack of two premolars.
  • Individuals who do not have ears in pink, This is glued together and flat ears to the face ; and with ears erect on its base, still being in pink in its final third.
  • Queue type bulldog.
  • Any other fault that its gravity apart from the standard.

MISS PLAYOFFS

  • Aggressive or fearful dog.
  • Upper prognathism.
  • Eyes clear and yellow.
  • Amputated ears or tail.
  • White color more of 30% in parts of the body that are not above feet, chest and muzzle.
  • Any other colouring stains.

INDICATIVE MEASUREMENTS IN A STANDARD DOG

  • Weight 36 kg
  • Height at Croup 58 cm.
  • Height in cross 56 cm.
  • Chest perimeter 78 cm.
  • Head circumference 59,5 cm.
  • Distance occipital to the birth of the tail 73 cm.
  • Distance of the occipital to snout 22 cm.
  • Distance from the muzzle to the frontal trough 8 cm.

Any dog โ€‹โ€‹showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities must be disqualified..



N.B.:

Males should have two normal-appearing testicles fully descended into the scrotum..

Source: F.C.I - International Cynological Federation

Alternative names:

1. Mallorquin Mastiff, Mallorquin Bulldog, Silverback (English).
2. Dogue de Majorque (French).
3. Ca de Bou (German).
4. Ca de bou, Dogo maiorquino (Portuguese).
5. Dogo mallorquรญn, perro de presa mallorquรญn, Presa mallorquรญn (espaรฑol).

โ–ท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

Newfoundland
Canadรก FCI 50 - Molossoid - Mountain

Terranova

The Newfoundland radiates majestic serenity.

Content

History

The Newfoundland was born on the east coast of Canada. The great island of Newfoundland, which is in front of Canada, gave him his name. The fact that it descends from the dogs of the Vikings of pre-Columbian times or from the dogs of the Indians is a legend that has not been proven until now.. Its relationship with the molossi can be seen but also proved in the genetic map of the Heidi G dog breeds. Parker.

Probably the ancestors of the Newfoundlands came with the first settlers as molossi from Europe. It proved to be an aid to fishermen and sealers and was occasionally useful when hunting bear and big game on land.. It transported loads and served as a draft dog for the sleds with the dead game.. Working with fishermen in the rough North Atlantic was extremely demanding. The Newfoundland had to think, had to do heavy work on the networks. The Newfoundland saved the lives of the castaways over and over again. In this way, he developed the peculiarities of his character and physique that allowed him to face the harsh weather conditions on land and the dangers of the sea as a water and rescue dog..

With the cod ships he came to England over and over again as early as the 18th century. Here he became famous early on due to his impressive achievements. Was not up 1886 that the Club of Newfoundland in England, and soon after, in 1893, The club of Newfoundland for the Continent, now called the "German Club of Newfoundlandยซ. Even today, Newfoundland keep working as a water rescue dog.

Did you know??

One Newfoundland named Rigel sank with the Titanic and swam alongside a lifeboat for three hours in the icy water, apparently looking for its owner, that had gone down with the ship. The people in the lifeboat were nearly run over by the steamer Carpathia because the crew could not hear their faint cries., but Rigel's bark was noticed and the people and the dog were saved.

Physical characteristics

The Newfoundland is a big dog. According to the standard, adult males must weigh an average of 68 kg and females 54 kg. It is a very strong dog, very muscular and with long dense hair. Her coat is water repellent. It has a strong and soft undercoat, which makes it look even bulkier. This shouldn't tempt you to raise him like a teddy bear.. Because the real Newfoundland combines enormous power with agility, sportiness and impressive skills in the water. Its exterior does not deceive its interior. Master challenges with a committed calm. The hair on your head, muzzle and ears is short and thin. The front and rear legs are covered in fur. The tail is completely covered in long thick hair. The black, brown and black and white are allowed as coat colors.

Character and skills

Even the mere appearance of Newfoundland has a relaxing and calming effect, at least for people who are not usually afraid of dogs. The Newfoundland radiates majestic serenity. Its character is as stable as it appears on the outside. It has a friendly and kind nature. But that must not be misleading: He knows very well how to distinguish between friend and enemy, which you can unequivocally underline by your calm but more determined appearance. If required, defends his family with all his might without hesitation. Barking is not necessary to be heard.

He is extremely friendly with his friends. The Newfoundland he is very close to his family and loves children more than anything. He wants education and he absolutely needs it. Because like a powerful big dog it is always stronger than the other end of the leash.. Sometimes he has a hard head, but after a friendly request from his master or caretaker he does everything, as long as it's well connected. The Newfoundland impresses by the unity of two apparently irreconcilable poles: on the one hand it radiates calm and tranquility, on the other hand it can save people from drowning in a short time in the most difficult conditions. Usually, the Newfoundlands are real water rats. They are excellent swimmers, which they are happy to proudly demonstrate.

The Newfoundland not a dog for the city or a flat. He likes long walks, but water is the best for him. Due to its strength and the high technical demands of its maintenance, not suitable for beginners, although it can be trained and managed well. It is a great family dog. But he also likes to sleep outside, even with wind and rain. What you don't need is running or doing activities in the heat.

The Newfoundland It is a natural lifeguard and can be a good helper for parents who have a pool or enjoy taking children to the lake or ocean, although you should never be solely responsible for your safety.

Newfoundland Education

The Newfoundland can be educated very well. It is intelligent, interested and quickly understand what you are allowed to do and what you are not. Sometimes it's a little slow, but a little motivated, he is very cooperative and strives to make his master and lady happy. The puppy should already show itself clearly and without exception where the hammer hangs. There should be no doubt about the orientation of your humans, as well as about the intimate relationship and respect for him.

It must always be kept in mind that this dog is the physically strongest and that leadership only works through unquestioning recognition of the human leadership role.. With praise and results, basically you can achieve everything with it. On the basis of a good education you can train him very well Newfoundland. Many terranovas they are successfully used as guide dogs for the blind and especially as water rescue dogs, but also on land. For this you can do work tests with water in the clubs.

Caring for a Newfoundland

Maintain and care for the Newfoundland it is very expensive. The dense, weather-resistant coat must be brushed every day with a special brush.. Should not be sheared or trimmed. Due to its constitution and dense coat, do not tolerate heat well.

Nutrition / Food

Like all large dogs, Newfoundland need a lot of food. Especially in the growth phase you need professional nutritional planning.

Newfoundland life expectancy

Life expectancy is between 8 and 12 years. That depends a lot on the upbringing. Thin and light dogs tend to age more than heavy, plump dogs.

Newfoundland Health

as could be predicted, given its large size, the Newfoundland can suffer a series of joint and structural problems. It is important that young and growing dogs are kept lean and are not allowed to exercise too hard or eat too much, since this will cause injuries and problems that can be paralyzing in the future. In fact, all the Newfoundland they need to stay slim, since obesity increases the chances of them developing structural problems and makes them more painful when they occur.

One such structural problem is genetic hip deformation known as hip dysplasia.. The head of the femur does not fit well into the hip socket; with the time, the cartilage in the joint wears away and the underlying bone is damaged. Serious arthritis occurs that usually affects very young dogs. In some cases, expensive surgery required, including total hip replacement surgery. If not treated, the dog will suffer pain and a poor quality of life. Elbow dysplasia is another inherited joint problem, resulting from abnormal elbow formation.

The possibility that a Newfoundland develop dysplasia of the hip or elbow just because the parents are free of the disease, although it reduces the possibilities. And while a puppy's bones keep growing, it can sometimes be difficult to confirm a diagnosis, depending on the tests performed and the severity of the condition.

To each Newfoundland X-rays of your dog's hips and elbows should be taken by two years of age, regardless of whether or not he shows symptoms of lameness or stiffness. For dogs that show lameness before that age (that is to say, during the puppy stage), diagnostic tests should be performed promptly.

The Newfoundlands are at risk of heart disease, including dilated cardiomyopathy and subaortic stenosis (SAS). There is currently no genetic test for SAS, who has a complex inheritance, making it difficult to develop a test. Breeders must not breed Newfoundland with no signs of SAS and puppies should be examined by a certified veterinary cardiologist.

Cystinuria is a genetic kidney defect that leads to the formation of bladder stones that are very difficult to manage with diet or medication and often requires surgery both to remove the bladder stones and to repair urinary obstructions.. There may be no early signs that the dog is forming cystine stones, which can create a life-threatening emergency if they cause an obstruction. Fortunately, there is a genetic test for cystinuria. Given the availability of the genetic test, no need for a breeder to produce a dog with the disorder

Not all of these conditions are detectable on a growing puppy, and it can be difficult to predict whether an animal will be free of these diseases, so a reputable breeder must be found who is committed to raising the healthiest animals possible. Must be able to produce an independent certification that the parents of the dog (and grandparents, etc.) have been screened for these defects and considered healthy for breeding. That's where health records come in..

Not all visits by Newfoundland to the vet they are due to a genetic problem. It is known that the Newfoundland experience cruciate ligament rupture. They are also among the deep-breasted breeds predisposed to bloating., a condition in which the stomach is distended by gas and may twist in on itself (called gastric torsion), cutting off blood flow. Swelling and torsion appear very suddenly, and a dog that was fine a minute can die a few hours later. Watch for symptoms such as restlessness and pacing, la baba, the paleness of the gums, lip licking, unsuccessful attempt to vomit and signs of pain. Swelling requires immediate veterinary intervention, and surgery is necessary in many cases. Unfortunately, dogs that have swollen can do it again, So most veterinarians offer a procedure known as gastropexy or "stomach turning.", which anchors the stomach to the body wall to help prevent future twisting. This procedure can also be done as a preventive measure.

Buy a Newfoundland

You should only buy a puppy locally from a breeder who is affiliated with the FCI. should come from a baby, where dogs are rather sporty, thin and not too fat and ยซbearyยป. A puppy in the kennel is usually sold at a price between 1500 and 2000 EUR.

Valuations "Newfoundland"

Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "Newfoundland" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

Adaptation โ“˜

5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

friendly dog โ€‹โ€‹โ“˜

4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

hair loss โ“˜

5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Affection level โ“˜

4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Need for exercise โ“˜

3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Social need โ“˜

4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Home โ“˜

3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Toilet โ“˜

5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Friendly with strangers โ“˜

4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

barking โ“˜

3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Health โ“˜

5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Territorial โ“˜

5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Cat friendly โ“˜

5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Intelligence โ“˜

4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Versatility โ“˜

3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Child friendly โ“˜

5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Surveillance โ“˜

3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

joy โ“˜

5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

Images "Newfoundland"

Photos:

1 – Terranova by Maria Amaro Jimenez / CC BY-SA
2 – Terranova by https://pixabay.com/es/photos/terranova-perro-negro-609531/
3 – Terranova by https://pxhere.com/es/photo/112392
4 – Terranova by https://www.publicdomainpictures.net/es/view-image.php?image=197196&picture=newfoundland-cute-puppy-dog
5 – Terranova by https://www.pxfuel.com/es/free-photo-obraa
6 – Terranova by https://www.pxfuel.com/es/free-photo-jttkx

Videos "Newfoundland"

Type and recognitions:

  • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
  • Group :
  • Section : . .

Federations:

  • FCI – Pinscher and Schnauzer-Molossoid type dogs – Swiss Mountain Dogs and Cattledogs. Section 2.2 Molossoid, mountain type. โ“˜
  • AKC – Dogs working โ“˜
  • ANKC – Group 6 (utility dogs) โ“˜
  • CKC – Group 3 โ“˜
  • โ€‹KC – Working dogs โ“˜
  • NZKC – Utility dog โ“˜
  • UKC – Watchdog โ“˜

FCI breed standard "Newfoundland"

Origin:
Canada

Date of publication of the valid original standard:
29.10.1996.

Use:

Sled dog for heavy loads, water dog.



General appearance:

The Newfoundland has a powerful body, solid, muscular. Their movements are well coordinated.

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS: The length of the body, measured from the scapulo-humeral joint to the tip of the ischium, is greater than the distance from the cross to the ground (height to the cross). The body is compact. The female's body may be slightly longer and less massive than the male's. From the withers to the lower chest the distance is slightly greater than from the lower chest to the ground.



Behavior / temperament:

The expression of the Newfoundland reflects kindness and sweetness. Worthy, happy and creative, is characterized by its genuine gentleness and serenity.

Head:

Solid. The female's head has the same general configuration as the male's, but it is less massive.

Cranial region:
  • Skull: It is wide; the apex is slightly arched and the occipital bone is well developed.
  • Depression links (Stop): It is well observable, but never abrupt.

facial region:

  • Truffle: Wide and well pigmented. Windows are well developed. In black dogs and black and white, It is black; it is brown in dogs of this same color.
  • Snout: Definitely square, deep and moderately short. It is covered by short fine hair and has no wrinkles. The corners of the lips are apparent, but not too pronounced.
  • Belfos: soft.
  • Jaws / Teeth: The bite is uniform or scissor-shaped.

Eyes: Moderately sunken and relatively small. They are well separated and there is no presence of a third eyelid.. They are dark brown in black and black and white dogs. Lighter shades are allowed in brown dogs.

Ears: They are relatively small, triangular and rounded edges. They sit back on both sides of the head and are very heavy.. When the adult dog's ear is extended forward, it reaches the inner corner of the eye on the same side of the head.

Neck:

It is strong, muscular and well-seated on the shoulders. It is long enough to allow a distinguished bearing of the head. The double chin should not be excessive.

Body:

The bone structure is everywhere solid. In profile, the body is deep and vigorous.

  • top line: It is horizontal and firm from the cross to the rump.
  • Back: Wide.
  • Pork loin: Strong and well muscled.
  • Rump: Wide. Tilts at a 30ยฐ angle.
  • Breast : Width, deep and spacious; the ribs are well arched.
  • bottom line: Almost uniform and never raised.

Tail:

While the Newfoundland is swimming, the tail serves as rudder; therefore, It must be strong and wide at the root. When the dog is at rest, the tail is down, perhaps forming a small curve at the tip; reaches the hock or a little lower. When the dog is moving or animated, the tail is carried straight with a slight upward curve, but it never comes rolled up on the back, nor curved between the hind limbs.

Tips

PREVIOUS MEMBERS: They are straight and parallel also when the dog walks or jogs slowly.

  • Shoulder: They are well muscled and oblique.
  • Elbows: stuck to the chest.
  • Metacarpus: They are slightly inclined.
  • Previous feet: Large and in proportion to the body. They are rounded and compact, with also compact and firm fingers. The fingers have an interdigital membrane.

LATER MEMBERS: Since the urge to drag heavy loads, swimming and covering a lot of ground efficiently depends largely on the hindquarters, in Newfoundland their structure is very important. The pelvis must be strong, wide and long.

  • Thigh: He is broad and muscular.
  • Knee: It is well angled, but not enough to give the impression that the dog is crouched.
  • Leg: It is strong and quite long.
  • Hocks: They are relatively short and are well lowered and separated, parallel to each other. They don't even deviate inwards, nor out.
  • Hind feet: Firm and compact. In case of dewclaws, these must have been removed.

Movement:

The Newfoundland's forelimbs have good range and their hindlimbs give a strong boost, which denotes ease and strength. A slight rocking of the back is considered natural. As speed increases, the top line remains uniform.

Mantle

  • Fur: The Newfoundland has a double layer of waterproof hair. The outer layer is moderately long and straight hair without curls; a slight wave is allowed. The inner layer is soft and dense. It is denser in winter than in summer, but still it is always existing in the rump and chest. The hair of the head, the muzzle and ears are short and thin. Front and rear limbs have bangs. The tail is completely covered with long, dense hair, but it has no flag shape. Any haircut or grooming should not be encouraged.
  • Color: Negro, black and white and chestnut.
    • Negro: This is the traditional color. It should be as uniform as possible, but a slight tan tone is allowed. White markings on chest are also allowed, fingers and tip of tail, the both.
    • black and white: This variety has historical significance for the breed. The preferred marking pattern is: black head, preferably with a white list that extends to the muzzle, black saddle with uniform markings and black upper back and tail. Other parts of the body should be white with minimal mottling.
    • Chestnut: This color ranges from chocolate to bronze. White markings on chest allowed, fingers and tip of tail, the both. Black and white and brown dogs must be shown in the same class as blacks.


Size and weight:

Height to the cross: The average height at withers in adult males is 71 cm and of 66 cm in adult females. The average weight is approximately 68 kg in males and 54 kg in females.

A large animal is valued, but this should not be more important than the general state of health, symmetry, strong structure and correct movement.



Fouls:

Any deviation from the aforementioned criteria is considered as a fault and the severity of this is considered to the degree of the deviation to the standard and its consequences on the health and well-being of the dog..

  • General appearance: very long limbs, lack of substance.
  • General structure of the bones: flojedad, fine bones.
  • Character: aggressiveness or shyness.
  • Narrow head.
  • Long or pointed snout.
  • Pronounced noses.
  • Round eyes, saltones, yellow, or with a pronounced third eyelid.
  • Convex back, float or concave.
  • Forelimbs: sunken metacarpus, crushed feet, fingers that turn inward or outward, absence of membrane between fingers.
  • Hind limbs: knee joint very straight, cow hocks, crowded limbs, feet twisted inward.
  • Short tail, long, doubled or bent.
  • Take short, quick steps, dragging the feet, obliquely displaced like a crab; tight and knitting motion, crossing the front limbs, with deviated feet in or out; high movement (hockney action); amble step.
  • Sparse hair; absence of inner layer of hair

FALTAS DESCALIFICANTES:

  • Aggressiveness or extreme shyness.
  • Any dog โ€‹โ€‹showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities must be disqualified..
  • Upper or lower prognathism, arch of deviated incisors.
  • Short straight hair.
  • Marks of a color other than white on black or brown dogs.
  • Any color other than black or black and white or brown.


N.B.:
  • Males should have two normal-appearing testicles fully descended into the scrotum..
  • Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with the typical conformation of the breed, should be used for parenting.

TRANSLATION: IRIS Carrillo (Puerto Rico Kennel Federation).

Source: F.C.I - International Cynological Federation

Alternative names:

1. Newfs, Newfies (English).
2. Retriever de Terre-Neuve, Chien de Terre-neuve (French).
3. Newfoundland (German).
4. Cรฃo terra-nova (Portuguese).
5. Perro de Terranova (espaรฑol).

โ–ท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

Entelbucher Cattle Dog
Suiza FCI 47 - Swiss Cattle Dogs

Boyero de Entlebuch

The Entelbucher Cattle Dog they are kind and dedicated to people close to him

Content

History

The Entelbucher Cattle Dog is the smallest of the four Sennenhund, a type of dog that includes four races in the region. The name Sennenhund refers to the population Senn, dairy and livestock farmers in the Swiss Alps.

The distinctive of this variety of Sennenhund name responds to the District of Entlebuch (in German Amt Entlebuch) It is one of five districts of the Canton of Lucerne (Switzerland), Located southwest of Canton.

All races Sennenhund are believed to be descendants of large molossians brought to Switzerland by the Romans in the 1st century to. C. But, Entlebuch's Boyero was described as a separate breed in 1889. After World War I, the breed greatly decreased in number of specimens.

The first breed club was not formed until 1926, only sixteen examples of this type of dog were recorded in 1927, and it was so, the race was gradually restored. Although initially the race stayed for custody of goods and grazing, today the breed is generally reserved as a cheerful family companion.

The Entelbucher Cattle Dog is recognized by the International Cynological Federation, and the standard written in the native country of the breed is used, Switzerland.

Other national canine clubs not affiliated to the Federation Cynologique Internationale, They also recognize the race, but they often write their own versions of the standard of the breed.

The breed is recognized by numerous small clubs and registries on the Internet, where it is promoted as a rare breed to puppy buyers looking for a unique pet.

Physical characteristics

Entelbucher Cattle Dog is a square dog, robust, but medium-sized. It has small ears, triangular and rather small brown eyes. The head is well-proportioned to the body, with a flat and strong skull. His long jaw is well shaped and powerful. Toes are compact and provide cushioning and support his muscular body.

The layer of hair is smooth is thin and hard, with symmetrical markings of tricolor. White on their toes, the tip of the tail, the chest, the Tan always lies between the black and white. It has muscular broad hips. The tail is sometimes cut, a practice that is prohibited by law in many countries.

One Entelbucher Cattle Dog It has a height at the withers between 44 and 52 cm in males and between 42 and 50 cm in females. Weight is between 20 and 30 kg.

Character and skills

Like all large working dogs, very active, which is why, This race should be socialized at an early age with other dogs and people, and always with normal activity and training that can live safely as a pet (given its size, It may be a problem if you do not receive adequate education).

According to the breed standard, they are dedicated to people close to him and kind dogs, a little distrustful with strangers, and he loves children. But we must always bear in mind that the temperament of the dogs is individual, that is to say, may varyโ€ฆ

Entelbucher Cattle Dog Education

The Entelbucher Cattle Dog feel more comfortable in the field. He wants to move and be busy. Not a sofa dog. Not suitable for comfortable people and not for life in the middle of the city, but for challenges at work and dog sports. But, you don't necessarily need a house with a big garden, what would be ideal, because it also settles for an apartment. He has no special demands on his attitude, except the fact that we work with him and that on a daily basis. The nucleus and the end of their close participation is the human family. The Entelbucher Cattle Dog can be well trained. Loves to learn and learns with enthusiasm. It is strongly oriented towards its humans, which can be put to good use. The Entlebucher can read the mood and desires of your humans on their faces. This in turn means that one must approach one's education with feeling and of course with consequence.. You have a clear sense of justice and, therefore, questions fair treatment of him.

Entelbucher Cattle Dog Images

Videos Entlebuch Mountain Dog

Type and recognitions:

  • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
  • Group :
  • Section : . .

Federations:

FCI โ“˜, AKC โ“˜, ANKC โ“˜, CKC โ“˜, โ€‹KC โ“˜, UKC โ“˜

FCI breed standard Entelbucher Cattle Dog

FCIFCI - Entelbucher Cattle Dog
Cattle

Alternative names:

1. Entelbuch Mountain Dog, Entelbucher Cattle Dog, Entlebucher (English).
2. Bouvier de l’Entlebuch (French).
3. Entlebucher Sennenhund (German).
4. Entlebucher Sennenhund (Portuguese).
5. Entlebucher Sennenhund (espaรฑol).

โ–ท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

Karst Shepherd
Eslovenia FCI 278 - Molossoid . Mountain

Karst Shepherd

The Karst Shepherd a typical guard dog. Acts largely independently, which is also essential for the protection of the herd.

Content

History

The Karst Shepherd It is a breed that has existed for several centuries and belongs to the group of molosoids. Probably, This dog followed the Illyrian tribe in their migration through Styria and the Dalmatian islands and settled in the Slovenian region of the Karst Massif.. The first time that race is referred to in writing is in 1689, in the book of Baron Janez Vajkart Valvasor entitled ยซ The glory of the duchy of Carniole ยป. The breed and its standard were officially recognized on 2 in June of 1939 with the name of " Iliria Shepherd ยป during the general assembly of the F.C.I. in stockholm. During the F.C.I general assembly. in Bled-Slovenia in 1948, the standard was completed and the breed recognized again. But, to 16 in March of 1968, the Iliria Shepherd from the Karst massif, bore the same name as the Shepherd of the Sarplanina massif. In front of two shepherd dogs with the same name, the Yugoslav Central Society decided to name the one from the Karst region "Shepherd of the Karst Massif" and the other " Sarplaninac ยป. Since then, these two races are totally independent.

Physical characteristics

Externally, the Karst Shepherd they are hardly distinguishable from those of Yugoslavian Shepherd Dog Sharplanina. They are on average slightly smaller than their relatives who live further south, but the height at the withers accepted for breeding is the same for both breeds.

It is a dog's size medium, harmoniously built, robust, with well-developed muscles and a strong constitution.

The head is big, with powerful teeth. The eyes are almendrados, brown or almost black. The ears are set moderately high and fall flat in a "V" shape.. The tail, wide at the base, takes the form of a saber, drawing a light hook with the tip should reach the hock.
Fur: quite long, reaches the 14 cm.; the undercoat is well developed.

  • Color: grey iron. A dark shade is preferable on the cross; towards the abdomen and feet the color changes without visible transition to light gray or even sand color, with a dark gray band across the lower extremities. The dark mask on the head surrounded by beige gray hair.
  • Size: males, of 57 to 63 cm. (ideal 60 cm.); females, of 54 to 60 cm. (ideal 57 cm.).

Character and skills

The Karst Shepherd he is a typical watchdog. Acts largely independently, which is also essential for the protection of the herd. It is very territorial, brave and vigilant, but without biting. He is distrustful and even hostile to strangers, but a loyal and devoted companion of his master and his family.

The born Guardian needs early and careful socialization and loving but consistent education. He only submits to clear leadership.
Like all guard dogs, the Karst Shepherd is late development, reaches mental maturity only at 3-4 years.

He loves country life and being outdoors. Its ideal habitat is a house with a large parcel of land that it can monitor. With a close family relationship and a task that fits your natural waking instinct. The Karst Shepherd he is a nice companion dog, kind and also obedient, but he will never completely detach himself from his strong independence.

Overall Karst Shepherd It:

  • Incorruptible guard in the house
  • Does not get along with other dogs.
  • Patient, but still affectionate
  • Forgiving with children

Karst Shepherd Education and Maintenance

Only conditionally suitable for the city.
Outside the mountainous regions of Slovenia, these dogs are very rarely found. This is because, on the one hand, to his great need to move and, on the other hand, to the high demands of their education. The Karst Shepherd are more individual than other sheepdog breeds, as they are often left to their own devices in their โ€œnatural habitatโ€ and protect flocks independently. An experienced owner with a lot of patience and a sense of mind for your dog will have little trouble educating his Karst Shepherd towards an obedient and calm companion.

Karst Shepherd Health

The Karst Shepherd it's quite healthy for a sheepdog, but suffers from some typical problems of the breed. On average, they reach an age of 10 to 12 years and therefore become significantly older than most German shepherds. The Karst Shepherd, living in a family environment, they are less susceptible to disease than animals that have to sleep in kennels and are permanently exposed to the weather. Boredom is also a stressor and affects the mind and health of dogs..

Its claws must be shortened regularly.
They have sensitive ears that swell quickly.
Very long-growing dogs suffer more often from so-called dachshund paralysis (intervertebral disc disorders).
Dysplasia of the elbow and hip joints are also more common in these dogs..

Buy a Karst Shepherd

Several breeders of the Karst Shepherd they are members of the Dog Club of Southern and Eastern Europe.
Some Slovenian breeders offer their dogs for export.
Pay attention to good breeding conditions!!
Like the Karst Shepherd they are very rare outside of Slovenia, you will hardly be able to visit the breeder before buying. If you have the possibility, Combine buying a puppy with a multi-week vacation in Slovenia. If your puppy already knows you, you will feel much less stress during the transfer and during the first adaptation phase. You can also check the conservation conditions during a visit to the breeder.

Characteristics "Karst Shepherd"

Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "Karst Shepherd" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

Adaptation โ“˜

3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

friendly dog โ€‹โ€‹โ“˜

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hair loss โ“˜

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Affection level โ“˜

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Need for exercise โ“˜

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Social need โ“˜

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Home โ“˜

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Toilet โ“˜

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Friendly with strangers โ“˜

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barking โ“˜

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Health โ“˜

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Territorial โ“˜

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Cat friendly โ“˜

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Intelligence โ“˜

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Versatility โ“˜

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Child friendly โ“˜

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Surveillance โ“˜

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joy โ“˜

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Images "Karst Shepherd"

Photos:

1 – Owczarek_kraski en el World Dog Show en Poznan by Wikipedia
2 – Owczarek_kraski en el World Dog Show en Poznan by Pleple2000 / CC BY-SA
3 – Owczarek_kraski en el World Dog Show en Poznan by Pleple2000 / CC BY-SA
4 – Owczarek_kraski en el World Dog Show en Poznan by Wikipedia
5 – Owczarek_kraski en el World Dog Show en Poznan by Pleple2000 / CC BY-SA

Videos "Karst Shepherd"

Type and recognitions:

  • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
  • Group :
  • Section : . .

Federations:

  • FCI – Pinscher and Schnauzer-Molossoid type dogs – Swiss Mountain Dogs and Cattledogs. Section 2.2 Molossoid, mountain type. โ“˜
  • UKC – Watchdog โ“˜

FCI breed standard "Karst Shepherd"

Origin:
Slovenia

Date of publication of the valid original standard:
26.06.2000

Use:

The Shepherd of the Karst massif is a shepherd dog par excellence and a good guardian. In the news, increasingly used as a guard and defense dog. Although it is true that in recent times it is mainly a family dog, It does not stop being, in essence, a perfect shepherd dog.



General appearance:

This is a medium-sized dog, harmonious, robust, endowed with well-developed muscles and a strong constitution. The tail and ears are droopy. The hair, steel gray, it is long and abundant.

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS:

  • Trunk length: height at the withers = 9 : 8 at least. A little longer in females.
  • Skull a little longer (13 to 14 cm.) that the muzzle (11 to 12 cm.).
  • Skull width (13 to 14 cm.) equal to its length.


Behavior / temperament:

Of good character, is brave and courageous without being too aggressive. It is dedicated to its master and moderately energetic temperament. Good incorruptible guardian, be wary of strangers. He is a pleasant and obedient companion dog., although it always retains a strong individuality.

Head:

Nice looking, although proportionally large relative to the body; it should not be fine, in tosca. The upper profiles of the skull and nasal canal are slightly convergent.. View from the top, it is wide in the region of the ears and decreases towards the region of the nose. Profile view, it is tall and rounded. Head length, from the occipital protuberance to the tip of the nose, is of 24 to 26 cm.. The skull is slightly longer than the muzzle.

Cranial region:
  • Skull: Pretty developed, muscular, delgado. Since its profile is slightly convex, seen from all sides it is rounded. The amplitude of the skull in the region of the ears is equal to its length. Zygomatic arcades are not accented, the front groove is moderate, the median ridge is slightly convex, without accentuating the occiput.
  • Depression links (Stop): It is a little marked, no sharp transition.

facial region:

  • Truffle: Black. Wide, well developed, slightly exceeds the front line.
  • Snout: Medium length. Width and height at its base, progressively decreases towards the nose area. The nasal helm is straight and wide.
  • Lips: They are thick, stretched, tight, without forming bags. They are black.
  • Jaws / Teeth: Teething is complete. Teeth are strong, especially the incisors. The bite is scissor-shaped.
  • Cheeks: laterally, they are somewhat bulky; they are plump, but not too developed, molding a fairly flat face.
  • Eyes: They are presented a little apart, no bumps, nor sunk in the orbits. Almond shaped. Its color ranges from light brown to dark brown. They are frank in expression, calm and firm, almost melancholic, because of the black color of the eyelids.
  • Ears: Moderately high implantation, its length is medium and its extremity extends to the outer corner of the eye. They fall along the cheeks in a "V" shape and the front edges are folded outwards..

Neck:

Width, thick, good muscular, oval cross section. The upper profile is rectilinear or slightly arched; the lower profile is rectilinear. Medium length (a few 25 cm.), it is deeply embedded between the shoulders and attached to the head by strong musculature. The skin is thick, well attached to the body, no dewlap. The coat is abundant with long hairs that form a very thick collar and mane, which makes the neck look beefier and shorter than it actually is. The bearing is haughty and slightly raised.

Body:

  • General appearance: It is well developed, medium length. The thoracic cavity is long.
  • top line: It is straight, horizontal or slightly oblique.
  • Cross: Long, not very high, of adequate width and well applied to the body.
  • Back: Straight, muscular and broad. Medium length.
  • Pork loin: The lumbar region is a little short, very muscular and broad. Rump: Medium length, broad and well muscled. The tail is slightly inclined at the birth.
  • Breast : It is well developed, bulky in length and breadth; the ribs are wide, flat and moderately arched. The front of the chest is well developed and the tip of the sternum is quite rounded. With a length of 25 to 28 cm., its circumference is 70 to 78 cm..
  • Bottom line and belly: The belly is slightly raised and tucked up, hard. The flanks are short, moderately shortened.

Tail:

It is solidly attached to the body; it is wide at its base. In its normal position, it is shaped like a saber and the extremity often traces a light hook. Medium length, must reach at least to the hock. It has abundant fur, with long hairs, but without forming a plume. When the dog is alert or on the move, the tail rises to or slightly above the back region. When the dog is at rest, the tail comes down.

Tips

PREVIOUS MEMBERS:

  • General appearance: They are straight when viewed from the front or in profile. In all its parts they unite very harmoniously with each other.
  • Shoulder: The shoulder blade is of medium length, width, oblique, well muscled and firmly attached to the body. The scapular angle- humeral is close to the right angle.
  • Arms: Relatively long, more oblique than the shoulder blade, endowed with strong musculature. They are well applied to the body.
  • Elbows: The humeral-radial angle is not very open. Well applied to the body, the elbows must be at least at the level of the sternum.
  • forearms: Of adequate length, straight. Bones and muscles are strong.
  • Carpi: Strong, well applied to the forearm as well as the metacarpus. Metacarpus: Widths, medium length, slightly oblique.
  • Previous feet: Of well proportioned dimensions to the trunk, its shape goes from oval to round. Fingers are well together and arched, nails are darkly pigmented. Central bearing and digital tubers are strong, black or darkly pigmented.

LATER MEMBERS:

  • General appearance: From behind, they are well proportioned and harmonize with the other parts of the body. Profile views, the angulations are closed enough.
  • Thighs: In the coxofemoral angle it is closed; thighs are long, widths, well muscled and solid.
  • Knee: Femoro-tibial angle slightly open, shapely knees. The kneecap is solid.
  • Legs: They are moderately long, inclined, robust. Hocks: Solid and moderately open.
  • Metatarsals: Massifs, short and straight. In the event that spurs appear, these must be removed.
  • Hind feet: With the same characteristics as the front feet.

Movement:

Harmonious, elastic, well coordinated steps. The favorite and most elegant movement is the trot. Galloping with long strides is less elegant

Mantle

SKIN: It's thick, compact, elastic, adheres well to the body and has no wrinkles; dark pigmentation; black pigmented lip and eyelid edge.

  • Fur: Well bushy, long, smooth; the inner layer of hairs is abundant. The head, the front edge of the ears and the front of the limbs are covered by short hair. The back edge of the ears features longer, softer hair. The upper part of the neck is covered by long hair, stretched and abundant that forms a mane. On the bottom, the hair is longer and softer, forming a collar that widens in the ligament of the neck. The trunk and belly have longer hair that becomes less hard on the belly. The tail, is usually bushy, but it doesn't form a plume. On the posterior aspect of the forelimbs, long soft hair forms bangs. On the posterior aspect of the posterior extremities, The hair is still long and thick and forms pants.. The length of the outer layer of hairs is about 10 cm..
  • Color: Steel gray. Especially on the cross, a dark shade is preferred. Towards the belly and feet region, color changes without visible transition to light gray or sand color, with dark gray specks on the front of the limbs. The dark mask of the head is surrounded by light brown-gray hair.


Size and weight:

Height to the cross:

  • In males, is of 57 to 63 (ideal size, 60 cm.),
  • In females, is of 54 to 60 cm. (ideal size, 57 cm.).
  • A tolerance of 2 cm others, but this will have a negative effect on the overall appreciation of the dog.

Weight: In the males of 30 to 42 kg, In the females of 25 to 37 kg.



Fouls:

Any deviation from the aforementioned criteria is considered as a fault and the severity of this is considered to the degree of the deviation to the standard and its consequences on the health and well-being of the dog..

MINOR FAULTS

  • Small flaws in the general constitution.
  • Somewhat small head, close, long or not high enough.
  • Indefinite naso-frontal depression.
  • Pronounced zygomatic arches.
  • Too plump or too plump cheeks.
  • Underdeveloped jaws.
  • Loose lips.
  • Very high or very low implantation ears; not close enough to the cheeks.
  • Eyes too wide, too clear, little apart.
  • Chin presence.
  • Slightly sunken back, slightly protruding or drooping rump.
  • Narrow chest, low tilt or barrel-shaped.
  • Narrow chest.
  • Tail too short.
  • Slightly defective limbs, fingers apart, hare foot.
  • Wrinkled or lightly pigmented skin. Absence of wrinkles on the forehead.
  • Insufficient pigmentation of the lip edge, of the eyelids and nose.
  • Hair that is not long enough.
  • Small white mark on the front of the chest, absence of mask.

SERIOUS FAULTS:

  • Serious offenses in the general constitution.
  • Square body silhouette.
  • Narrow head, too light or too coarse.
  • Very marked nasal-frontal depression.
  • Snout very pointed or very long.
  • Teeth: pincer bite, irregular alignment of incisors, lower canines that appear in front of the upper canines.
  • Clear eye.
  • erect ears.
  • Sunken back, rump visibly very raised.
  • Corkscrew or twisted tail.
  • The hind limbs are visibly separated when the dog walks.
  • Clumsy movement, especially in the hind limbs.
  • Soft and wavy hair.
  • Clear pigmentation of the mucosa, of the nose, and of the eyelids. White spot on the front of the greater chest of 2 cm wide and 10 cm length.

FALTAS DESCALIFICANTES:

  • Aggressiveness or extreme shyness.
  • Any dog โ€‹โ€‹showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities must be disqualified..
  • Exaggerated disproportion between different parts of the body.
  • Size below the minimum authorized by the standard.
  • Head too large in relation to the body.
  • Incomplete teeth. Prognathism or enognatismo.
  • Visibly narrow or wide standing position (barrel-shaped).
  • Tail very short or stump.
  • Depigmentation of the mucosa, of the nose or eyelids.
  • Any color other than gray, which must be at least clear. Two-color or multi-colored copies.
  • Well marked boundary between shades of gray. White markings on the chest or on the neck greater than 2 cm wide or 10 cm long.


N.B.:

Males should have two normal-appearing testicles fully descended into the scrotum..

Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with the typical conformation of the breed, should be used for parenting.

TRANSLATION: IRIS Carrillo (Federation Canรณfila de Puerto).

Source: F.C.I - International Cynological Federation

Alternative names:

1. KARST SHEPHERD DOG, kraลกki ovฤar, kraลกevec (English).
2. Kraski Ovcar (French).
3. Illyrischer Schรคferhund (German).
4. Pastor da รstria (Portuguese).
5. kraลกki ovฤar (espaรฑol).

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Dobermann
Germany FCI 143 . Pinscher and schnauzer type

Doberman

Although the Dobermann has a reputation for being a sharp and even sinister dog, his devoted fans consider him to be the most loving and loyal of his companions.

Content

History

The race Dobermann it is the only one in Germany to bear the name of its first known breeder: Friederich Louis Dobermann (2 of January 1834 – 9 of June 1894). according to history, he was a tax collector, trail manager, and also "dog dog", with the legal right to catch all free-roaming dogs. To create the smart and trustworthy watchdog he had in mind, crossed short haired sheepdogs with Rottweilers, black and tan terrier, and German Pinschers. Elegant dogs such as greyhounds and Weimaraners may also have been part of their "recipe". "Butcher dogs" played the most important role in the formation of the breed Dobermann, that in those times they were already seen as a race in itself. These dogs were of the type of the predecessors of the current Rottweiler, mixed with a type of Sheepdog black in color with rust-red markings that was common in the Thuringian region. With these mixtures, Dobermann started his hatchery in the years 70 of the century 19. In this way, he obtained "his breed" of utility dogs, home and ranches, they weren't just vigilantes, but also very attached to man.

It was used a lot as a protection dog and for the police. Its wide usefulness in the Police Service gave it the name "gendarme dog" at that time.. In hunting it was used mainly for the extermination of vermin. For all the above conditions, it was obvious that the FCI-St. Nยฐ 143 / 30.09.2016 3 Dobermann was officially recognized as a police dog at the beginning of the century 20. The upbringing of Dobermann resulted in a medium dog, strong and muscular, that despite all its substance allows to recognize elegance and nobility. It is ideal as a companion dog, protection and utility.

The race Dobermann it is the only one in Germany to bear the name of its first known breeder: Friederich Louis Dobermann (2 of January 1834 – 9 of June 1894). according to history, he was a tax collector, trail manager, and also "dog dog", with the legal right to catch all free-roaming dogs. For parenting, he mated especially biting dogs from the dog shelter. "Butcher dogs" played the most important role in the formation of the breed Dobermann, that in those times they were already seen as a race in itself. These dogs were of the type of the predecessors of the current Rottweiler, mixed with a type of Sheepdog black in color with rust-red markings that was common in the Thuringian region.

With these mixtures, Dobermann started his hatchery in the years 70 of the century 19. In this way, he obtained "his breed" of utility dogs, home and ranches, they weren't just vigilantes, but also very attached to man. It was used a lot as a protection dog and for the police. Its wide usefulness in the Police Service gave it the name "gendarme dog" at that time.. In hunting it was used mainly for the extermination of vermin. For all the above conditions, it was obvious that the FCI-St. Nยฐ 143 / 30.09.2016 3 Dobermann was officially recognized as a police dog at the beginning of the century 20. The upbringing of Dobermann resulted in a medium dog, strong and muscular, that despite all its substance allows to recognize elegance and nobility. It is ideal as a companion dog, protection and utility.

Physical characteristics

It is a medium-sized dog, robust and muscular, elegant lines and noble and haughty demeanor. The head is elongated cone shaped and bouquet. Craniofacial lines are parallel, the stop is light and the nose, deep. The eyes are medium and oval. The ears have a high insertion and the animal has them upright. If they are whole, fall to the sides of the head, with the edges well glued to the cheeks. The back is short and solid. The limbs are straight and plump. The tail is amputated leaving two vertebrae.

  • Fur: short, very sticky and smooth.
  • Color: black or brown with fire. Blue is no longer bred because it transmits serious genetic defects.
  • Size: in males, of 68 to 72 cm., for a weight of 40 to 45 kg. In females, of 63 to 68 cm., for a weight of 32 to 35 kg. The intermediate sizes are the most wanted.

Character and skills

It is one of the sweetest and most sensitive dogs in the world. He goes out of his way, with whom you should live in close contact. Leaving him alone in the garden would mean ruining his character. About him Dobermann a lot of gossip circulates, as for example that this dog "goes crazy" around the age of seven due to the lack of cranial capacity (one of the biggest absurdities, from the scientific point of view, never heard in cinofilia, and it is not that few are heard). Today, fortunately, there are rare cases in which there is talk of "mad" dogs or "irrepressible ferocity".

Very loving with family members and safe with children (provided they leave him alone), with strangers maintains the typical reserve of defense dogs. A balanced specimen, like all those from good hatcheries, will never behave aggressively for no reason, and it will show itself as a splendid companion dog delivered to its owner.

Start training your puppy the day you bring him home. Even at eight weeks old, He is able to absorb everything you can teach him. Don't wait until you have 6 months to start train or have to deal with more stubborn dog. If possible, Take it to a trainer when you have between 10 and 12 weeks, and socializes, socialice, socialice. But, Note that many kinds of training puppies require certain vaccinations (such as kennel cough) stay up to date, and many veterinarians recommend limited exposure to other dogs and public places until puppy vaccinations (including rabies, distemper and parvovirus) They are completed. Instead of formal training, You can start training your puppy to socialize at home and among family and friends until immunizations are completed in the puppy.

Talk to the breeder, Describe exactly what you want in a dog and ask for help choosing a puppy. Breeders see puppies daily and can make incredibly accurate recommendations once they know something about their lifestyle and personality. Regardless of what you want from a Dobermann, look for one whose parents have nice personalities and who has been well socialized since the puppy's first stage.

Observations and tips

Unselected dogs and the result of casual couplings are the only ones that can be nervous and in some cases bite. It is essential to buy the puppy in a good kennel that selects beauty and character.

Doberman health

All dogs have the potential to develop genetic health problems, just as all people have the potential to inherit a particular disease. Run, do not walk, from any breeder that does not offer a health guarantee on puppies, to tell you that the breed is 100 percent healthy and has no known problems, or tell you that your puppies are isolated from the main part of the home for health reasons. A reputable breeder will be honest and open about the breed's health problems and the incidence with which they occur in their lines..

One of the most serious breed-related health problems in the Doberman is cardiomyopathy., which causes an increase in the size of the heart. An annual heart exam is critical to detect this condition early., and no dog with cardiomyopathy should be bred. Neither should any Dobermann without a complete cardiac exam by a veterinary cardiologist in the past year. The sad reality, However, is that a dog that gets a good exam one day can develop heart disease the next, and the puppy of two parents without heart disease can still develop it.

Another race-related condition that affects the Dobermann is cervical vertebral instability (CVI), commonly called Wobbler syndrome. It is caused by a malformation of the vertebrae in the neck that causes pressure on the spinal cord and leads to weakness and lack of coordination in the hindquarters and sometimes to complete paralysis.. Symptoms can be managed to some extent in dogs that are not severely affected, and some dogs experience some relief with surgery, but the result is not certain. Although IVC is believed to be genetic, there is no disease screening test.

The Dobermans they are also prone to the bleeding disorder known as von Willebrand disease, as well as hypoadrenocorticism or Addison's disease.

Not all of these diseases are detectable in a growing puppy, and it is impossible to predict if an animal will be free of these diseases, so you need to find a reputable breeder who commit to raise healthier animals possible. Must be able to produce independent certification that the dog's parents (and grandparents, etc.) have been examined for common defects and considered healthy for breeding. That's where health records come in..

Breeders must accept that all test results, positive or negative, are published in the CHIC database. It is not necessary for a dog to perform well or even pass evaluations to obtain a CHIC number., so the CHIC record alone is not proof of robustness or absence of disease, but all test results are published on the CHIC website and can be accessed by anyone who wants to check the health of a puppy's parents. If the breeder tells you that you don't need to do those tests because they have never had problems with their lines and their dogs have been "vet checked", so you need to find a breeder who is more rigorous with genetic testing.

Careful breeders screen their breeding dogs for genetic diseases and breed only the healthiest, best-looking specimens., but sometimes mother nature has other ideas and a puppy develops one of these diseases despite good husbandry practices. Advances in veterinary medicine mean that in most cases dogs can still live a good life. If you are going to have a puppy, ask the breeder about the ages of the dogs in their lines and what they died of.

Not all visits by Dobermann to the vet they are due to a genetic problem. The Dobermans are one of the breeds with a deep chest and a tendency to swell, a condition in which the stomach expands with air. This can become the most serious condition, gastric torsion, if the stomach twists on itself, cutting off blood flow. gastric torsion, or gastric dilatation volvulus, suddenly attacks, and a dog that was fine a minute can die a few hours later. Watch for symptoms such as restlessness and gait, babeo, pale gums and lip licking, try to vomit but without bringing out anything, and signs of pain. Gastric torsion requires immediate veterinary surgery, and most dogs that have bloated once will bloat again. That means it's wise to opt for the procedure known as "gastric torsion.", which will prevent the stomach from twisting in the future. This procedure can also be done as a preventive measure..

Remember that after bringing a new puppy home, has the power to protect you from one of the most common health problems: the obesity. Keep a Dobermann with a proper weight is one of the easiest ways to prolong your life. Make the most of your preventive skills to help ensure a healthier dog for life.

Dobermann Grooming

The toilet is a piece of cake. Cepilla al Dobermann with a brush or hunting glove every week, or even run a wet towel over it. The days you need a bath, use a dog shampoo, not a human product. Rinse it well and let it stir to dry or towel dry.

The Dobermann comes off hair moderately. Regular brushing will help keep him and your house clean.. As with any dog, brushing before bathing helps remove more dead hair, leaving less hair to shed. Your vacuum cleaner will run longer if you brush your Dobermann regularly.

The rest is basic care. Trim nails as needed, usually every few weeks. Brush their teeth for general good health and fresh breath.

Characteristics "Dobermann"

Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "Dobermann" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

Adaptation โ“˜

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friendly dog โ€‹โ€‹โ“˜

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Affection level โ“˜

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Need for exercise โ“˜

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Social need โ“˜

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Home โ“˜

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Surveillance โ“˜

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Images "Dobermann"

Videos "Dobermann"

Type and recognitions:

  • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
  • Group :
  • Section : . .

Federations:

  • FCI – Pinscher and Schanuezer dogs. Molossian type Dogs and Swiss Mountain and Cattle Dogs. , Section 1: Pinscher and Schnauzer. โ“˜
  • AKC – Dogs working โ“˜
  • ANKC – Group 6 (utility dogs) โ“˜
  • CKC – Group 3 – Working dogs โ“˜
  • โ€‹KC – Working dogs โ“˜
  • NZKC – Utility dog โ“˜
  • UKC – Watchdog โ“˜

FCI breed standard Dobermann

FCIFCI - Dobermann
Dobermann

Alternative names:

1. Doberman Pinscher, Dobie, Doberman (English).
2. Dobermann Pinscher (French).
3. Dobermann Pinscher (German).
4. Dobermann pinscher (Portuguese).
5. Dobermann, Dobermann pinscher (espaรฑol).

Photos:

1 – Doberman by https://www.pxfuel.com/es/free-photo-xqbqf
2 – Doberman by https://www.pexels.com/es-es/foto/36376/
3 – Jean Dark Snรถ of Sweden, dobermann by Felill / CC BY-SA
4 – Doberman by https://www.publicdomainpictures.net/es/view-image.php?image=232839&picture=doberman-dog-portrait
5 – Tallinn, Estonia, CACIB duo 2013 by Thomas / CC BY-SA
6 – Doberman by https://www.publicdomainpictures.net/es/view-image.php?image=158143&picture=doberman-pinscher-guard