The most notorious of the White-necked Parakeet(Pyrrhura albipectus) It is the yellowish-white or white that goes from the cheeks to chest.
Crown dark stripes pale gray on the back; frontal band reddish thin; cheeks escalations of yellow and green and ear-coverts Orange; collar full white and chest yellow; belly and remaining upperparts green. Wings Greens with primary coverts red and carpal area, and primaries Bluish; tail long and pointy green, red opaque at the bottom.
The immature lacks the frontal band and has paler the ear-coverts.
Lives mainly in humid primary forest, foraging on fruit trees, preferably along rivers, Although he tolerates areas open and intercepted, from 900 to 2000 m (usually between 1400 and 1800 m).
Make altitudinal movements following the fruiting. Flies in flocks of 12 to 50 individuals. It bathes in pools or between rocks covered with MOSS.
Reproduction:
There is little evidence about its reproduction, possibly from May to July. A young clerk was seen in September (Snyder et to the., 2000).
Food:
The diet includes fruit, seeds and flowers Vine, mainly taken in the canopy.
Distribution:
Size of its range (reproduction / resident): 19.600 km2
Confined to three areas in southeast Ecuador and recently also it has been found in northern Peru.
โข Current category of the Red List of the UICN: Vulnerable.
โข Population trend: Decreasing.
Rationale for the Red List category
This species is classified as Vulnerable because it dwells in a few places and has a small range in which the habitat (and presumably the population) it is decreasing.
Justification of the population
The total population it may be only a few thousand birds, by what is placed in the band 2.500-9.999 individuals. This is equivalent to 1.667-6.666 mature individuals, rounded here to 1.500-7.000 mature individuals.
Justification of trend
It is suspected that the species is falling slowly, on the basis of continuous habitat destruction.
Conservation Actions Underway
โข CITES Appendix II.
โข The Podocarpus national park It is an important site for the conservation of the species. A revised management plan has been designed for the area and a public awareness campaign highlights the importance of the park (Snyder et to the. 2000).
โข The White-necked Parakeet It is also found in the reserve Tapichalaca of 3.500 acres of the Fundaciรณn Jocotoco, where they are used successfully artificial nesting boxes (Waugh 2009).
โข It is also located in the Ichigkat Muja- Condor Range National Park (F. Angulo 2012 a bit.).
Conservation Actions Proposed
โข Conduct surveys to assess species distribution and total population size.
โข Monitor rates of habitat loss and degradation within its range.
โข Manage the Podocarpus national park so that endangered species are better protected.
"White-necked Parakeet" in captivity:
It is not easy to find it in captivity.
Alternative names:
– White-necked Parakeet, White necked Parakeet, White-breasted Conure, White-breasted Parakeet, White-necked Conure (English).
– Conure ร col blanc, Perriche ร col blanc, Perruche ร col blanc (French).
– Weiรhalssittich, Weisshals-Sittich (German).
– Tiriba-do-pescoรงo-branco (Portuguese).
– Cotorra Cuelliblanca, Perico de Pecho Blanco (espaรฑol).
– Perico de Cuello Blanco (Peru).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World โ Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Parrot Book, Parrots and macaws Neotropical
– Photos:
(1) – Ingrid Grunwald, IBC943789. Photo of White-necked Parakeet Pyrrhura albipectus at Zamora-Chinchipe Province, Ecuador. Accessible at hbw.com/ibc/943789.
the unmistakable White-bellied Parrot(Pionites leucogaster) has the lores, cheeks and throat, bright yellow lemon; "ear coverts", forecrown and crown, bright orange red; sides and rear of the neck, orange, but paler.
Upperparts green. Primary coverts blue; other coverts green. Primaries blue with green margins in outerweb. Underwing-coverts green. Breast
and center belly, white; undersides of belly and feathers the thighs, green; undertail-coverts Yellow. Upper, the tail green; undertail, pale grayish brown. Bill, color pale horn; cere Pink; irises reddish brown; legs pink.
(Sclater,PL, 1858) – As the nominal species but with the thighs and flanks bright yellow lemon (no verde); tail green.
Pionites leucogaster xanthurus
(Todd, 1925) – As the nominal species, but with the thighs yellow; flanks and tail, yellow and green the uppertail-coverts.
Habitat:
Prefers low humid forests, areas of land and vรกrzea with probable preference for the latter and for clearings in the forests. Also observed in the drier forests (where it is less common) in the South of its range. Gregarious; Observed in the company of Blue-headed Parrot(Pionus menstruus) on Eastern Amazonia. Seen in small groups or couples.
Since they have very heavy body and very short wings, the White-bellied Parrot You can not fly long distances.
Reproduction:
With plays in January and nests in hollow trees; a nest 30m found in the cavity of a tree in the east of its range. Clutch Normal probably 2-4 eggs.
Food:
Very similar in habits Lorito Chirlecrรฉs(Pionites melanocephalus) but no specific information about their diet; probably seeds, fruit and berries.
Distribution:
The size of its distribution area (reproduction / resident): 2.140.000 km2
The White-bellied Parrot It extends through southern amazon in Brazil, from northwest maranhรฃo and around Bethlehem in the State of For, west on Mato Grosso to the North of Bolivia and Southeast of Peru, to the top of Ucayali, where it approaches the range of Lorito Chirlecrรฉs(Pionites melanocephalus). Reports in eastern Ecuador (well within the limits of the latter) still not substantiated.
(Sclater,PL, 1858) – West Basin amazon, in the southeast of Peru, North of Bolivia and West of Brazil, where the subspecies intergran Pionites leucogaster xanthurus in the upper area of Yurua River
โข Current category of the Red List of the UICN: In danger of extinction.
โข Population trend: Decreasing.
Usually common but perhaps more scarce in drier forests on the southern fringes of the range. It is not at serious risk, but decreases locally (for example, the Eastern Amazonia) due to deforestation, and possibly extinct now Santa Cruz, Bolivia, due to the loss of habitat. Trapped for Local international trade (at least years), but apparently not yet having a serious impact on wild populations.
Conservation Actions Underway
โข No specific conservation actions are known for this species.
Conservation Actions Proposed
โข Expand the network of protected areas to effectively protect the IBA.
โข Effectively treat resources and manage existing and new protected areas., using the emerging opportunities for funding the management of protected areas with the overall goal of reducing carbon emissions and maximize the conservation of biodiversity.
โข Conservation on private land is also essential, through the expansion of market pressures for rational land management and prevention of logging on land not suitable for agriculture (Soares-Filho et to the., 2006).
โข Campaign against proposed changes to the Brazilian Forest Code that would lead to a decrease in the width of protected riparian forest areas such as Permanent Preservation Areas (APPs), that function as vital corridors in fragmented landscapes.
"White-bellied Parrot" in captivity:
Do not have the capacity to speak of his larger parrots cousins, but they are very assets and can be very good pets, Despite not being very common to see them in captivity.
(1) – Pionites leucogaster xanthomeria By Mirjam (Picasa Web Albums) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Pionites leucogaster leucogaster White-bellied Parrot (this subspecies is also know as the Green-thighed Parrot). Two in a cage with a nestbox By TJ Lin (originally posted to Flickr as 140) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Pionites leucogaster xanthomerius A pet adult male White-bellied Caique perching by a row of books By pionetes (Own work (self-portrait)) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Five White-bellied Parrots (also known as White-bellied Caique) at Bird Park, Foz do Iguaรงu, Brazil. This subspecies is also known as the Green-thighed Caique (Pionites leucogaster leucogaster) By Chad Bordes (Picasa Web Albums) [CC BY 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – White-bellied Parrot by Peter Tan – Flickr
(6) – White-bellied Parrot in captivity at Iguaรงu Bird Park, Foz do Iguaรงu, Brazil. Photographed on 23 April 2003 By Arthur Chapman [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – White-bellied Parrot (Pionites leucogaster) often referred to as the White-bellied Caique in captivity by whiskymac (Flickr) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(8) – White-bellied Parrot (often referred to as the White-bellied Caique); a chick. Its feathers have not opened yet By Ruth Rogers (originally posted to Flickr as Caique) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(9) – A painting of a White-bellied Parrot (originally captioned ยซPsittacus badiceps. Bay-headed Parrotยป) by Edward Lear (1812-1888) Edward Lear [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
40 to 50 cm.. length and a weight of approximately 550 gr.
The White cockatoo(Cacatua alba) is completely white, with yellowing below wings, bill black and legs dark gray.
The eye ring is blue.
It has a crest exuberant, that is elevated or low, Depending on your state of mind. The wings They are tapered or rounded.
If he irises is brown, then it is male, if reddish, it is female. The females has bill smaller.
They usually fly solo, in pairs, small groups, or in flocks of up to fifteen birds. In the afternoon, they gather in groups of up to fifty birds. even though they are social, with the exception of mating pairs, usually, they do not form close ties with others. As a result, There is no firmly defined order of dominant position in the community. Son day and they tend to be sedentary, Although some can be nomadic and wander in search of food.
The white cockatoos they are very bright and curious birds. They have the ability to use tools, as the use of a branch to scratch your back. They are monogamous, with couple bonds lasting lifetime. They can fall into a deep depression if you lose your partner.
They live in lowland forests below 900 m, as well as in mangrove forests, plantations and agricultural land.
they are particularly common around the edge of clearings and rivers. They spend most of their time in the tops of the trees. The secondary vegetation high is its preferred habitat.
White Cockatoo Reproduction:
It nests in the hollows of trees. They lay two eggs and two birds hatch for a few 28 days. The larger hatchling tends to take dominance over the smaller hatchling, which will not be able to survive.. The chicks leave the nest to the 84 days old and are independent around 15-18 weeks. These birds reach sexual maturity at the age of 3-4 years.
White Cockatoo feeding:
In nature it feeds mainly on Tree fruits. They are often seen feeding on papaya, Durian, complexioned and rambutan. It has also seen them will eat crickets and lizards. They often feed on corn that grows in the fields, sometimes doing considerable damage.
Distribution:
Size of its range (reproduction / resident): 51.400 km2
Appears as vulnerable by the IUCN and placed in Appendix II in 1981.
In their natural environment, the white cockatoo is a species vulnerable Due to the decrease in number due to habitat loss natural, as well as for the capture for the illegal bird trade. There are restrictions on the number of birds that can be exported, but BirdLife International He says that this is being exceeded by up to 18 times the agreed number in some areas.
It can cause substantial damage to Corn crops.
World population: 43,000 – 183,000 individuals.
The White Cockatoo in captivity:
The White cockatoo You can live more than 60 years. It is very common in poultry farming and it is perhaps one of the most frequent pet cockatoos.
They are sympathetic, calm, beautiful, sweets and easy to domesticate. Bred to porridge they are usually wonderful pets, You can play some words but are not good talkers. These birds in captivity require mental stimulation almost constant. They are in constant motion, up and doing gymnastics. When lack of mental stimulation, often they are become neurotic, booting the feathers to the point of causing areas of baldness.
They are known for being very affectionate with their human companions, acting more like a dog than a bird in this regard as.
In the absence of a partner, captive white cockatoos will bond with their keeper as if that person were their mate.
Alternative names:
– White cackatoo, Great White Cockatoo, White Cockatoo, White-crested Cockatoo (ingles).
– Cacatoรจs blanc, Grand Cacatoรจs blanc (French).
– Weiรhaubenkakadu (German).
– Catatua-branca (Portuguese).
– Cacatรบa Alba, Cacatรบa Blanca, Cacatรบa Copete Blanco, Cacatรบa de Goffin (espaรฑol).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World โ Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– avimarparrots.es
The Kea(Nestor notabilis) It is a bird of the family Strigopidae of 48 cm.. length and an average weight of 922 g..
Its head is olive brown color; narrow feathers of the crown with a few finely marbled black stripes; ear-coverts and lores more uniform dark brown; feathers of the neck slightly yellowish, with stripes and edges of brownish black color . Mantle and uppertail-coverts Green bronze with black stripes and Crescent-shaped rims; back and rump orange-red, with stripes and Tips blackish.
Flight feathers, primaries and greater coverts, drenched strongly with blue turquoise in them vane outer (more green in high schools); vane internal primaries, excluding the color lemon yellow. Wing feathers and axillary reddish color; underparts of the flight feather brown, with yellow bars in the vane internal primaries, excluding the orange color in the vane the secondary internal internal.
Their underparts feathers Brown olive light, with a ridge of dark brown. Upper, the tail, bathed in a bluish green tone, with bars in the vane internal orange yellow color and a blackish subterminal band with Tips lighter; undertail, the tail, olive-yellow color, with a dark subterminal band; the tips of the stripes of the tail feathers extend slightly beyond the network.
The bill brown-black color; cere dark brown; irises dark brown; legs blackish gray.
The males they are larger and have upper jaws longer than females (an average of 12 to 14% more).
The young birds they have the rump greener, yellow the Ceres, with rings perioftalmicos yellow, a pale base in the lower jaw, and legs pale yellow.
The nude parties yellow are lost after two years after three in the male and female.
The Kea (Nestor notabilis) they live at an altitude between 600-2400 m.
They are commonly found near tourist attractions. But, its main habitat is in the tree line between 950 and 1.400 m.
They mark a certain preference for deep canyons whose walls are covered in forests of beeches (Nothofagus cliffortioides). At higher altitudes, that is it can be observed in subalpine Shrublands. The species It is considered as monotype.
It is a bird family and curious. He likes to live close to the houses and feel the human presence. His mischievous behavior and his sharp intelligence earned him the title of ยซclown of the mountainsยซ.
It's a joy for tourists, that compensates for, in part, the wrong bad reputation that had in the past.
During the period of nesting, the pair is the basic social unit, but for the rest of the year, It is a species very gregarious they live in family groups, feeding in flocks of 30-40 birds, often in landfill sites.
The males are polygamous, each can have a harem of some 4 females. Dominant males are not necessarily the oldest.
Establishing a hierarchy is tricky. Adults often dominate subadults but it can also happen that a young dominates an adult.
The Kea established territories that are resizable. These can be overlaid on the periphery, but the nucleus or the central part situated, near the nest, It has an inviolable space that is defended with aggression.
During the nesting season, breeding birds are sedentary, and never will they move away to more than one kilometre from the nest. On the other hand, the non-breeding birds are very mobile, and some have been seen more of 60 km of where they were ringed.
Reproduction of "Kea":
The strong conjugal bonds and fidelity to the nesting site are the two basic rules of the Kea, that is manifested by the fact that the nest often takes several years to be completed. But, unpaired males can visit the nests and try to mesh with females.
The breeding season extends July-January. The female lays 2 to 4 white eggs in a burrow or cavity covered with some sticks, leaves and MOSS. The site is often found at the base of a cornice, but they also use stone blocks placed above the tree line.
The eggs are deposited a few days apart and only the female incubates for a period that varies between 21 and 28 days. In the meantime, the male stands guard nearby and is responsible for feeding his partner. Initially, bring enough food to also supply the calf, but after a few weeks, the female leaves the nest, in order to help you in your task.
The chicks, covered with a white marker, they leave the nest after 13 to 14 weeks. They continue to be fed by the parents during 1 month to 6 weeks. In January and February, immediately after the nesting season, the Kea they tend to congregate in large flocks which can contain 50 or more individuals.
Food of "Kea":
During the summer, the Kea they can be active even during the night. In winter they are reduced to more modest altitudes below the elevation of snow. Some groups choose to stay in the mountains near ski resorts.
The Kea feed of carrion, in particular sheep. Contrary to its reputation, they never attack healthy sheep. have a diet mainly vegetarian and they fed both in trees and on the ground. Your menu includes leaves, outbreaks, estate, seeds, berries, flowers, nectar and insects. In summer they also eat beetles, worms, lobsters and land snails.
The dominant males they are known to find its food in campsites and parking areas.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 63.300 km2
endemic to the South Island of New Zealand (Although vagrants have been recorded in the North Island, for example, in the Tararua mountains), finding, mainly, between 950 m and 1.400 m above sea level in forests and subalpine scrub.
The populations of the Kea they appear as stable and they can range between 1000 and 5000 specimens.
The concentration of birds around tourist spots leaves a false impression, giving the impression of being a fairly ordinary parakeet.
Due to the false reputation he had for attacking sheep, This bird was hunted by farmers and thousands of birds were exterminated between 1860 and 1970.
Since 1988, the Kea is fully protected, What does not prevent, sometimes, their capture and sale as a pet.
The "Kea" parrot in captivity:
Very rare in captivity.
As indicated sources, a captive male for Kea was still alive after 47 years in the Antwerp Zoo. It showed signs of old age. Other Kea in the bristol zoo, of at least, 43 years of age showed no signs of aging.
In captivity, These birds can be raised from the 4 years of age
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World โ Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Photos:
(1) – An adult Kea in Fiordland, New Zealand by Mark Whatmough – Wikipedia
(2) – Kea at Twycross Zoo, England. Close up of head and neck By Paul Reynolds from UK (IMG_7147_080227_40DUploaded by snowmanradio) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – A Kea at Mount Aspiring National Park, New Zealand By Rosino (scary keaUploaded by Snowmanradio) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Male Kea (Nestor notabilis) on road to Milford Sound, New Zealand By User:Velela [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Nestor notabilis By Aidan Wojtas from Wellington, New Zealand (Running KeaUploaded by snowmanradio) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
Origin: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesian, Laos, Myanmar (Burma), Nepal, Thailand, Viet Nam
Character: Sociable
Life expectancy: 15 to 20 years.
Height: Of 33 to 38 cm..
Content
Description:
33 to 38 cm.. length between 133 and 168 g. of weight.
The Red-breasted Parakeet(Psittacula alexandri) is a bird with a form attractive, thin, and with a long and narrow tail. Its plumage is green, the overall tone of the head is grey, the bill red, and with brands distinctive in the head and face. The area around the eyes is greenish, with a pretty bluish tint. It has a fine line along its forecrown and wide stripes in their cheeks. Plumage in the chest, the throat and the top abdomen is salmon-pink color, extending halfway from the vent.
The female It has a shade bluish through the region of the face. In general, they have a pink color more off above the chest and the feather half of its tail they are shorter than the of the male.
The immature birds they have the tail shorter, the bill Pink, and incomplete rays of the cheek they are easily distinguished.
Between the young birds hard identification between males and females, However, breeders have managed to identify them correctly. The head of the female bows in a more uniform manner from the cere to the rear of the head. The young males they tend to be flatter in the forecrown. The females They seem to have a face darker than blue.
(Oberholser,1919) – Length: 36 cm.. Similar to the Psittacula alexandri fasciata (including sexual dimorphism in staining of the bill) but larger and paler.
(Oberholser, 1912) – Length: 36 cm.. As the Psittacula alexandri fasciata but with the belly blue (especially in males), the upper part of the abdomen darker and the lores, forecrown and bottom of the abdomen strongly impregnated with the pale blue.
Psittacula alexandri dammermani
(Chasen & Kloss, 1932) – Length: 36 cm.. Perhaps, on average, larger that the Psittacula alexandri fasciata. The pink color of the chest It is darker than the species nominal. In the female, the pink color extends from the throat at the sides of the neck. The bill larger than that of the species nominal. Both jaws Red in both sexes.
Psittacula alexandri fasciata
(Statius Mรผller, 1776) – Length: 33 cm.. Upper chest and abdomen is dark pink with violet tone, the head is bluish-grey way more uniform. The areas of the eyes and forehead with greenish hue. The females, part of the difference of the bill, nor have the violet tonality in the pink of the chest.
Psittacula alexandri kangeanensis
(Hoogerwerf, 1962) – Length: 33 cm.. More grey the head (less blue). Bill larger than that of the species nominal and both jaws Red in both sexes.
Psittacula alexandri major
(Richmond, 1902) – It is more large, of 38 cm.. length. Similar to the Psittacula Alexandri Fasciata but something more pale and the head is without bluish tone gray.
Psittacula alexandri perionca
(Oberholser, 1912) – Length: 37 cm.. As the Psittacula alexandri fasciata (including sexual dimorphism in the coloration of the bill) but paler and larger, without the Green tint around the eyes.
Habitat:
Usually, they live below 2.000 m (rarely above 345 metres in Nepal) all types or forest and wooded areas, including dry forest, secondary-humid deciduous forest, mangroves, coconut and mango groves , areas planted with trees (including hills of shifting cultivation), parks and urban areas. In the region of the Himalaya avoids the dense green forests.
Gregaria, usually in flocks of 6-10 birds, less frequently in groups of 50 and very exceptionally in thousands, larger flocks during garbage collection (for example, the mango or rice), sometimes mixed with the Slaty-headed Parakeet wave Gray-headed Parakeet. They form communal roosts in the tall trees, bamboo or sugarcane scrub areas.
Reproduction:
The Red-breasted Parakeet nests in natural cavities or old hole made by woodpeckers or barbets, usually at a height between 3 and 10 m, often in loose colonies. The hole is filled with wood shavings.
The laying is of 2 to 4 eggs.
The breeding season is between December and April, Depending on the location and the altitude; in Java, breeding has been recorded in every month, except for April.
Food:
Diet Red-breasted Parakeet includes wild figs and other fruits, fruit trees and wild, flowers and nectar (especially, for example, of the Parkia speciosa and Erythrina variegata), dried fruits (for example, chestnuts Castanea), fruit (for example, Mango), berries, seeds (for example Albizia), leaves and cereals such as rice and corn, by causing serious damage to crops, especially for rice.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 2.570.000 km2
The Red-breasted Parakeet are distributed from the central area of the Himalaya until Indochina, China and West of Indonesian. From the lowlands of the Himalaya in the North of India, approximately to the East of Dehradun, through Nepal, Sikkim and North of Bhutan in the southwest of Yunnan, China; to the South by Assam, Manipur and Nagaland, India, until Bangladesh and to the East by Burma (including Mergui archipelago), Indochina, Malacca Peninsula, around 9ยฐN (a record of 1889 in the Kelantan River at approximately 5ยฐN suggests a contraction in its distribution) of Guangxi and Provinces of Canton and Hainan Island, to the South of China.
They are also distributed in Islas Andaman and Indonesian in Java, Bali, Karimun Java, Kangean, Borneo South (where it was probably introduced from Java) and Simeulue, Nias and Banyak, West of Sumatra.
Getaways captive birds eggs were found in Singapore and a single record (presumably an escape) in Hong Kong.
Resident but with some local movements dependent on food supply.
It is the most common parrot in some parts of its range., but with a substantial decrease in Thailand and Laos in recent years and local extinctions (for example, Java and Bali), because of the live poultry trade; the nominal subspecies may be at risk as a result of his capture. A small number in captivity out of range (mainly the nominal species and fasciata).
(Statius Mรผller, 1776) – Continental Asia from the North of India through the Himalaya lower, Burma including the Mergui archipelago, Thailand and Indochina to the South of China, including Hainan
The population of the Red-breasted Parakeet It is suspected in a moderate to fast global decline, due to the unsustainable levels of exploitation and the destruction of their habitat. This suspicion is supported by widespread anecdotal evidence that in many parts of its range decreases.
Threats:
– The declines and local extinctions in recent decades in the population of the Red-breasted Parakeet have been attributed in large part to his capture to the trade in live birds (Juniper and Parr 1998).
– The hunt they are considered the main threats to the species in Nepal, where it is also threatened by the loss of forests (C. Inskipp and HS Baral in litt. 2011).
– His nasal voice makes the species a popular in Nepal cage bird, and their vocal habits during the breeding season, together with the tendency to form large flocks when not raising, they make susceptible to trappers. These factors lead to illegal hunting and his capture in protected areas; they are also persecuted by farmers due to their raids on crops (C. Inskipp and HS Baral in litt. 2013).
– Similarly, in Bangladesh, the species is captured for the cage bird trade It is also likely that they are affected by the removal of large trees (P. Thompson in litt. 2012).
– Almost the total disappearance of the species from the North of Laos, It is believed that it is mainly due to the loss of habitat through conversion to agriculture (JW Duckworth in litt. 2011).
– Loss and fragmentation of forests is likely to accelerate in Cambodia in the near future, given that many of the large agro-industrial concessions have been awarded recently (H. Rainey in some. 2011).
Conservation Actions:
– The species is listed in the Appendix II of CITES.
The Red-breasted Parakeet is a bird Smart and outgoing that is gaining increasing worldwide popularity. These parrots are sociable and playful, and if they are properly socialized, they can be a few excellent pets. They can be a bit aggressive and authoritarian, If it is not properly discipline. They need a good cage for a large size, with a lot of toys to avoid boredom.
Although this bird is linked with the Rose-ringed Parakeet, they are very different in personality. The Red-breasted Parakeet It is softer and not so noisy, although she has been described as "feisty". It is usually more quiet than other Psittacula. Also are great eaters and you accept easily new foods other birds may be thrown away.
You can get to imitate some sounds, even words, Although not as clear as the some of the larger parrots, example the Grey Parrot. But, according to some sources, they can speak more clearly than the Rose-ringed Parakeet.
Regular handling is important at an early age, since they can become aggressive, If not are well socialized and manipulated.
If you want a small Parrot with personality, the Red-breasted Parakeet It can be the ideal ave. But, It is still a "stubborn" and "stubborn" bird.. It is not surprising considering his intelligence. Obedience training is recommended. On the other hand it is one voracious chomping and should it be should provide plenty of toys to chew.
Like other parrots, need company, and if they will not be in an Aviary with other birds, We must be able and willing to spend large amounts of time with them.
In nature, this bird is often seen in flocks of 10 to 50 individuals. These flocks, often, they are heard before to be seen. This is a fact that must be taken into account before deciding to buy one Red-breasted Parakeet. Breeding females can be put in 3 to 4 eggs in each clutch, with an incubation approximately 22 days.
With regard to its longevity, according to sources, We need to know that a specimen lived 23,3 years in captivity.
Captive breeding:
The Red-breasted Parakeet commonly bred in captivity. They reach maturity between 2 and 3 years of age. The birds must be matched at a young age. The female can sometimes dominate males. The procession begins at the end of winter and the females can be seen calling males for food. In the wild they breed between the months of December and April, Although this is variable, Depending on the climate and altitude.
A thick-walled hollow trunk, It can be used as nest. If not available, any commercially available nesting box should suffice.
They require long aviaries, more than wide, due to its long tail and its type of flight (powerful, linear). Also like a protected breeding area. The entrance door to the Aviary must be on the opposite end. We must place leaves of Palm on the bird front and leafy branches on the back to protect the young fledged when they hit the walls of the Aviary and fall on your floor. If this is not done, many of the young people will die from injuries in the head or severely damage their hair. Young hatchlings do not have great control when they start to fly; they can be left with the parents during 9 months, but then you must be separated.
Diet during breeding It is very important. We can use sunflower seeds germinated, soaked chickpeas, Apple diced, celery, raw or boiled corn and green feed. Supplementation with multiple vitamins and liquid calcium is especially important prior to egg laying..
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World โ Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Photos:
(1) – Moustached Parakeet in the Walsrode Bird Park, Germany By Quartl (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Red-breasted Parakeet at Brooklands Zoo, New Plymouth, New Zealand By Dave Young (originally posted to Flickr as bird) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Red-breasted Parakeet (Psittacula alexandri fasciata). Coutrtship – male on right. Changi Village, Singapore. 2 January 2006 By Lip Kee Yap [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Moustached Parakeet in the Walsrode Bird Park, Germany By Quartl (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Female of Red-Breasted Parakeet (Psittacula alexandri) at Bangkok, Thailand By Jason Thompson (Flickr: Red-Breasted Parakeet (Female)) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Plate from Zoological illustrations, Volume 1, 2nd series By William Swainson [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
Origin: Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, Brazil, Bolivia, Peru
Character: Sociable
Life expectancy: 30 years
Height: 30 cm..
Content
Description:
30 cm.. length and a weight between 130 and 170 g..
The Red-shouldered Macaw(Diopsittaca nobilis) along with the other two subspecies belong to the Group of the small macaws often called dwarf macaws or mini macaws parrots.
They have forecrown, front of the crown and top of the eyes blue; rest of the head and upperparts, including the wings and the top of the tail, grass-green. Rojas the carpal joints and the leading edge of the wing
. Lesser and medium underwing-coverts red; large underwing-coverts brown; underside of flight feather Golden olive.
The underparts green, but more yellowish than the upper. The bottom of the tail Golden olive.
Bill blackish; bare skin of the lores and top of the cheeks white; irises orange-brown; black legs.
Both sexes similar; Perhaps a little smaller females.
The immature with the head completely Green: has no red color in the carpal joints.
With they are distributed in a variety of open wooded habitats, including savannah with scattered shrubs and palm trees (for example of Mauritia) in Suriname, morichales and the coast plantations in Guyana, closed with palm groves of Mauritia on the inside of Brazil and margins of caatinga in the northeast of Brazil with palm groves of Mauritia.
A persistent feature in its preferred habitat is the presence of palm trees., especially of the genus M. flexuosa, Orbignya martiana and Maximiliana maripa (the latter especially in the southern region of the Amazon). Also observed in wetlands with palms, gallery forests and cultivated areas.
Avoid large expanses of closed canopy forests, but they can be seen around human settlements and it is common in the city of Georgetown, Guyana.
They reach the 1.400 metres in Venezuela, to the South of the Orinoco.
Gregarious, often in large flocks outside breeding season; If not in couples.
Reproduction:
Nest in tree cavities, termite tree or in holes of palmas. Copulations registered in the month of October to the South-West of Brazil; Probably engender between February and June in Guiana. Clutch four eggs in captivity. The average period of incubation is of 24 days, the chicks leave the nest about 54 days after birth.
Food:
Its diet, probably, It is similar to its closest relatives, nuts are included in the, seeds, fruits and flowers, but with some signs of favorite seeds; known his preference for flowers of Terminalia argentea and Erythrina glauca, as well as the berries Cordia and fruits Euterpe. They also feed cereals and fruits in cultivated fields and are considered as one plague in some areas.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 910.000 km2
endemic to northeast South America, from the East of the Andes toward the center of Brazil.
In East Venezuela they are distributed, mainly, to the South of the Orinoco (Delta Amacuro and parts of Bolรญvar), also at the East end of Monagas.
The few records of Trinidad they are probably elopements captive birds.
Are distributed through of the Guianas, in areas of seasonal forests (mainly near the coast) and in Brazil to the North of the amazon in Roraima, Amapรก and North of For. Returns disjoint inside of Brazil, to the South of the Amazon from the southeast of For and maranhรฃo the wetlands of Mato Grosso and to the South by the dry northeast in Piauรญ, Bahia and, according to reports south of Alagoas until Holy Spirit, Rio de Janeiro and Northwest of Sรฃo Paulo (with a population introduced in the City of Sรฃo Paulo).
They occupy the Center and East of Bolivia and Southeast of Peru, where there are records in the Heath pampas.
In general residents, with seasonal movements in some coastal areas (for example Guianas) and distributed irregularly, to the North of amazon, where they remain scattered on the basis of suitable habitat.
In general common, especially in the Centre and northeast of Brazil, although rare in Guianas.
Distribution 3 subspecies:
Diopsittaca nobilis cumanensis
(Lichtenstein, 1823) – Northwest of Brazil, to the South of the Amazon River, from Alagoas and West of Bay until maranhรฃo and Southeast of For, and South to the Centre of goias.
โข Red List category of the UICN current: Least concern
โข Population trend: Stable
Global population size has not been quantified, but this species is described as ยซquite commonยป (Stotz et to the., 1996).
The population of Red-shouldered Macaw suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence of any reduction or substantial threats.
Currently capture and trade of wild individuals is illegal.
"Red-shouldered Macaw" in captivity:
Quite common.
They are the smaller macaws commercially available pet and enough popular due to its small size (only a little bigger that a cockatoo) and for its excellent ability to imitate sounds.
In captivity, These birds are sociable and friendly.
The Red-shouldered Macaw they are easy to breed in captivity birds. They have proven to be prolific breeders and they have brought successfully for many years. In his book "All about parrotsยซ, the author Arthur Freud He points out that the first Red-shouldered Macaw It was bred in captivity in the United Statess in the year 1939 and again in 1940, the Lord and Lady Vance Wright. But it was the British success during the year 1949 by EMT Vane, the best known. In fact Vane received the first breeding metal from the British Avicultural Societyโs for his achievements with the Red-shouldered Macaw.
The Red-shouldered Macaw are commonly held as pets, but their number has been declining in nature due to the habitat destruction and to his capture to the pet market.
With regard to its longevity, according to sources, It is known that a specimen lived 22,9 years in captivity.
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World โ Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Photos:
(1) – A Red-shouldered Macaw at Parque das Aves, Foz do Iguaรงu, Brazil. This subspecies is also know at the Noble Macaw By Chad Bordes (Picasa Web Albums) [CC BY 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – The photograph shows a Hahnโs Macaw (D. n. nobilis) pet parrot perching on a finger By derivative work: Snowmanradio (talk)Diopsittaca_nobilis_-pet-2.jpg:Evenprime at en.wikipedia. Photo by Walter Maier. Picture of family pet. Later version(s) were uploaded by Snowmanradio at en.wikipedia. (Diopsittaca_nobilis_-pet-2.jpg) [GFDL or CC-BY-SA-3.0], from Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Two Red-shouldered Macaws in the Pantanal, Mato Grosso, Brazil By Nori Almeida (originally posted to Flickr as Pantanal 2009) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Long-wing Macaw or Hahnโs Macaw); two in a cage By TJ Lin (originally posted to Flickr as DSCN9927) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Two Red-shouldered Parrots at Lisbon Zoo, Portugal By Jorge Andrade from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Lisbon zoo (107)Uploaded by snowmanradio) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Red-shouldered Macaw (Diopsittaca nobilis), also known as the Noble Macaw By Snowmanradio (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 or GFDL], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – A Red-shouldered Macaw at Bird Park, Kaluga region, Zhukovsky District, Russia By Remiz [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(8) – Three Red-shouldered Macaws at a zoo By DSuร r (To be coldUploaded by Snowmanradio) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(9) – Red-shouldered Macaw (this subspecies is also known as Hahnโs Macaw) at Jungle Island, Miami, USA By Chris Acuna from Miami, USA [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
The Red-masked Parakeet(Psittacara erythrogenys) It is very similar to birds Scarlet-fronted Parakeet and to the Mitred Parakeet, but smaller and with more red area in the face, extending continuously up to the throat and nape.
Has the forecrown, crown, lores, the cheeks and the area around the eyes, bright red, generally forming a complete red mask to join to the chin (Sometimes the mask extends up to the throat). Since the nape up to the uppertail-coverts dark green, sometimes with scattered red feathers. The upperwing-coverts children with some feathers of red and the bend of wing red; remaining upperwing-coverts dark green, with dye Emerald to them vane outer the primary. The flight feather Brown Gold below; underwing-covertsminors, bright red, the greater coverts yellowish brown. The underparts brighter yellowish green, sometimes with mottled red and almost always with the the thighs red. Upper, the tail dark green; by below grayish brown.
The bill color pale horn; bare periophthalmic off-white; irises yellow; legs distant.
The Red-masked Parakeet It occupies a wide range of vegetation types, from arid zones to rainforests, Since the sea level to altitudes 2.500 m, Although its usual habitat is below of the 1.000 m, in humid forests, deciduous forests, areas of dry thorny scrub and arid with cactus; They also live in degraded forest, areas cultivated with scattered trees, and around the urban areas. They tend to prefer arid and semi-arid habitats, not avoiding moist forest habitats.
Outside the breeding season, is a bird gregarious; in general, observed in pairs or in groups of up to 12 individuals, forming groups of up to 200 birds in the places where their communal roosts are. Formerly registered flocks of thousands of birds in Guayaquil, Ecuador.
Often associated in mixed flocks with the Grey-cheeked Parakeet(Brotogeris pyrrhoptera) and also observed in mixed flocks with the Bronze winged Parrot(Pionus chalcopterus).
Reproduction Red-masked Parakeet:
Nests in holes of mature trees, for example of Ceiba trichistandra or Cochlospermun vitifolium, There are also records of nests in termite mounds, with a report in a nest on a cliff. The breeding season in the southwest of Ecuador recorded during the rainy season (January-March). The laying, between 2 and 4 eggs. The female the incubated eggs during 23 to 24 days. The pups they are born very little developed, blind and naked. They are fed with food previously digested by their mothers.
Food Aratinga of Guayaquil:
Few details exist about food preferences of the Red-masked Parakeet, Although seasonal movements from the more arid areas are probably related to food supply.
In Ecuador, the distribution of the Red-masked Parakeet is limited to the lowlands of the peaceful, Western slope of the Andes and valleys, Although it is apparently absent from the eastern slope; similar pattern in the Peru most Eastern records in the basin of the amazon (Valley of the Utcubamba River) to 77ยฐ 54โW.
The seasonal movements to and from the more arid areas, otherwise, residents.
Usually considered to be common (described as the most common parrot in various locations in the province of Gold, Ecuador), but numbers fluctuate widely in some locations due to irregular seasonal movements. In some areas there has been a very drastic decrease of copies, reflecting the combined effects of the loss of habitat and your capture for the trade in live birds, for example, in Guayas, Ecuador.
There are at least eight protected areas, of which seven are in Ecuador.
There are leaks in Spain; so also in EE. UU., with breeding populations in the California cities of San Diego, Los Angeles, San Gabriel, Sunnyvale and San Francisco, You can see them eating fruits of cultivated tropical plants, and nesting in Palm trees.
Maintained in captivity at the local level (where is the most common Parrot kept in captivity) and commercialized in large quantities at the international level, especially since Peru.
Conservation:
State of conservation โ
Near Threatened โ(UICN)โ
โข Red List category of the UICN current: Near-threatened
โข Population trend: Decreasing
The size of the population This species has not been estimated officially, but, in the absence of sufficient data, It is suspected that it may be in around the 10.000 specimens, more or less equivalent to 6.700 mature individuals.
The population of the species is suspected that it may be subjected to a moderately rapid decrease, due to its capture for him pet trade together with the loss of habitat and fragmentation. Further research is required.
Conservation Actions Underway:
Appendix II of CITES.
Conservation Actions Proposed:
Carry out surveys to get an estimate of the population.
The current threat of trade research.
Enforcing trade restrictions.
Census of population and monitoring.
Monitor the rates of loss and fragmentation of habitat.
Study its ability to persist in altered and fragmented habitats.
The Red-masked Parakeet in captivity:
Shy and distrustful. Little common in captivity outside its area of distribution.
They may live until 25 years, Although the average tends to be between 10 and 15 years.
Their diet: fruit as, Apple, pear, orange, bananas, grenades, Kiwi, papaya, cactus fruits, they form a 30 percent of the diet. Vegetables, such as: Carrot, celery, green beans and peas in the pod, sweet corn on the cob, green leavess, such as: chard, lettuce , Kale, healer, Dandelion, Aviary grass, spray millet, mixture of small seeds, such as: Millet and small amounts of oats, buckwheat, safflower and hemp.
This species is found threatened from the wild bird trade local in Peru and Ecuador, where are rates of mortality due to mismanagement and stress high.
Never buy these birds in the illegal trade, Since these tend to come from its natural environment and it must be remembered that the Red-masked Parakeet is one endangered species.
Alternative names:
– Red-masked Parakeet, Red Masked Conure, Red masked Parakeet, Red-headed Conure, Red-headed Parakeet, Red-masked Conure (English).
– Conure ร tรชte rouge, Conure ร tรชte cerise, Conure ร tรชte รฉcarlate, Perriche ร tรชte rouge, Perruche ร tรชte rouge (French).
– Guayaquilsittich (German).
– Periquito-de-cabeรงa-vermelha (Portuguese).
– Aratinga de Guayaquil, Loro de cara roja, Periquito de Cabeza Roja, Perico Cara Roja (espaรฑol).
– Loro de cara roja (Chile).
– Cotorra de Cabeza Roja (Peru).
– Perico caretirrojo (Ecuador).
– Avibase
– Parrots of the World โ Forshaw Joseph M
– Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr
– Birdlife
– Feather wind
– Photos:
(1) – A feral Red-masked Parakeet (also known as the Red-masked Conure and Cherry-headed Conure) in San Francisco, USA By Ingrid Taylar [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(2) – Red-masked parakeet, Aratinga erythrogenys. Two birds in a tree in San Francisco, California By Jef Poskanzer (Flickr) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(3) – Red-masked Parakeet (Psittacara erythrogenys) at the Presidio, San Francisco, California By Frank Schulenburg (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(4) – Red-masked parakeet (Aratinga erythrogenys). A juvenile parrot which is mostly green and just starting to get some red feathers on its head By Eliya Selhub (Flickr) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(5) – Red-masked Parakeet preening on a branch in San Francisco, USA By Ingrid Taylar from San Francisco Bay Area – California, USA [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(6) – Red-masked Conure at Birds of Eden, South Africa By Dick Daniels (http://carolinabirds.org /) (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 or GFDL], via Wikimedia Commons
(7) – A feral Red-masked Parakeet (also known as the Red-masked Conure and Cherry-headed Conure) in San Francisco, USA By Ingrid Taylar [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(8) – Two feral Red-masked Parakeets in San Francisco, USA By Ingrid Taylar from San Francisco Bay Area – California, USA (Wild in SFUploaded by Snowmanradio) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(9) – Several Red-masked Parakeets eating a discarded apple in San Francisco, USA By Ingrid Taylar from San Francisco Bay Area – California, USA (A Big Find for ParrotsUploaded by Snowmanradio) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
The Santa Marta Parakeet(Pyrrhura viridicata) It, in general, green, with a characteristic red stripe in the middle of the chest which continues until shoulder and armpit. The scales of the chest is less evident; the flight feathers blue. Band front narrow red in the forecrown and behind the eye with red and yellow dye. Tail over green and below red opaque.
Bill color bone; brown iris; pale black legs. It has no sexual dimorphism.
It inhabits in humid mountain forest, clouded forest, pastures and edges, from 1900 to 2800 m. They fly at dawn and at dusk in compact and numerous flocks on the canopy of the forest. Is les has observed flying over them clear adjacent and each time more visiting them mulberry plantations.
The species rests and nests in couples and in lesser proportion in groups of three individuals in cavities of Palms of bouquetCeroxylon ceriferum (Arecaceae).
Reproduction:
The period reproductive is starts in December and lasts until June, the cavities are visited on average 4 to 5 times a day. There is a sexual dimorphism and a low reproductive success can be associated with displacement or predation by the Aratinga wagleri wagleri (Scarlet-fronted Parakeet) or the Santa Marta Toucanet (Aulacorhynchus lautus prassinus) – Ramphastidae.
Food:
Twelve plant species are incorporated into the diet so far known to the Santa Marta Parakeet, It consists mainly of flowers and fruits, the inflorescence of the Croton bogotanus (Euphorbiaceae) is their main source of food. It forages in groups of size variable, presenting an integration and disintegration of subgroups throughout the day. A sentinel system was observed.
Distribution:
Size of the area of distribution (reproduction / resident): 1,600 km2
Endemic species of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, to the northeast of Colombia. The towns registered include The Summit, is of Taquiรฑa on the basis of the Pรกramo of Mamarongo in the Guajira, and Cerro Quemado in the mountains of San Lorenzo.
Will produce some movements altitudinal seasonal. Almost all the habitat forest subtropical is designated as reserve forest or Park national, but the clearing for plantations of marijuana has been extensive, similar to the use of herbicides to combat it. So it only remains for the 15% the original forest (especially in the hillsides North), including only 200 the preferred height of the species km2. Fairly common within this very restricted range, but the population probably below of the 5.000 birds.
Conservation:
State of conservation โ
Endangered โ(UICN)โ
โข Current category of the Red List of the UICN: In danger of extinction.
โข Population trend: Decreasing.
Rationale for the Red List category
The range of this species and its small population are probably decreasing as a result of habitat loss. So, qualifies as in danger.
Justification of the population
The population It has been estimated for a long time between 5.000 and 10.000 individuals, equivalent approximately to 3.300-6.700 mature individuals. The density of population is of 1 Ave per km2 (Botero-Delgadillo et to the. 2012). Assuming that the 680 km2 of habitat are fully occupied, the population total is calculated that is 2,900-4,800 birds, which is equivalent to 1,933-3,200 mature individuals; But, with occupation part is likely to remain less than 2.500 birds (Botero-Delgadillo et to the. 2012).
Justification of trend
Se sospecha una decrease moderate and continuous of the population on the basis of the rates of habitat loss.
Threats
only one left 15% the original vegetation of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, to a large extent on the slope North, where this species is found (LM Renjifo, Com. 1993, 2000).
The main current threat is the expansion of plantations of non-native trees, such as the of Pine and eucalyptus, in addition to the clearing of land for livestock (C. Olaciregui in litt. 2012).
ยท Historically, the conversion of forests in plantations of marijuana and coca was also a major threat (LG Olarte in litt., 1993, com LM Renjifo. Comm., 1993, J. Fjeldsรฅ verbally they 2000, pers LM Renjifo. Comm., 2000, C. Olaciregui in litt. 2012), that is compounded by the Government with application of herbicides in the sierra (LG Olarte in litt., 1993, com LM Renjifo. Comm., 1993, 2000).
Other threats that followed the human migration to the area Since the Decade of 1950 hereafter include slash & burn (Dinerstein et to the., 1995, Snyder et to the. 2000, Salazar and Strewe undated, PGW Salaman in litt. 1999).
ยท It is known to be hunted in the cold river valley, and in the San Pedro district individuals in mulberry plantations have skyrocketed. The species not found in the local bird trade (Strewe 2005).
"Santa Marta Parakeet" in captivity:
Not marketed for captive.
Alternative names:
– Santa Marta Parakeet, Santa Marta Conure (English).
– Conure des Santa Marta, Perriche de Santa Marta, Perruche de Santa Marta (French).
– Santa-Marta-Sittich, Santa Marta Sittich, Sittich (German).
– Santa Marta Parakeet (Portuguese).
– Cotorra de Santa Marta, Perico Oliva, Periquito de Santa Marta (espaรฑol).
Avibase
Parrots of the World โ Forshaw Joseph M
Parrots A Guide to the Parrots of the World – Tony Juniper & Mike Parr Birdlife
Oliveros rooms, H.. 2005. Population and ecological evaluation of the Santa Marta parakeet Parrot parakeet in the sector of San Lorenzo, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. (ProAves.org)
Vulnerable โ (UICN)โ
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