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St. Bernard
Suiza FCI 61 - Molossoid . Mountain

San Bernardo

The St. Bernard It is very affectionate and has an innate sense of relief especially in the snow.

Content

History

The St. Bernard It is a breed of dog whose name in other languages: St. Very, Bernhardiner, Chien du Saint-Bernard, Saint Bernard Dog.

According to breed historians, the St. Bernard, descended from the ancient molossians Asian, whose ancestral form was and is represented by the Tibetan Mastiff.

A team of researchers from the University of Manchester, directed by Chris Klingenberg of the Faculty of biological sciences, reviewed 47 skulls of St. Bernard donated by Swiss breeders to the Natural History Museum in Bern covering a period of 120 years, from modern copies until those old dogs of the time that was initially defined the standard of the breed. It was found that the traits stipulated in the breed standard of the St. Bernard have become more exaggerated over time, as breeders selected dogs that had the desired physical attributes.

Compared to their ancestors, the St. Bernard modern has the widest skull, the angle between the nose and the forehead more pronounced, and also a more significant bump over the eyes. These changes are described exactly as desired in the breed standards. Clearly, not due to other factors such as overall growth, since they do not provide the animal with any physical advantage, so we can be sure of have evolved only by selective breeders considerations.

This research shows how the selection, either natural or in this case artificially influenced by the man, It is the fundamental driving force behind the evolution of life on the planet.

In the year 923 born Bernard of Menthon in Menton, region of Savoy (France), which he became Archdeacon of Aosta, in the Italian Alps, dedicated to spreading the Christian faith among the inhabitants of the Alps. In one of these Alpine passes was founded in the year 1049 the Hospice of the Gran San Bernardo, to help, help and shelter to hikers who were the step. The Holy, Catholic scholar and theologian, He was part of the Cistercian order or better known as Trappist, as fellow (the Trappist monks) in Switzerland they had a dog of this breed as a companion around the 16th century.

In the great Mount St mountain pass. Bernhard, to 2.469 meters above the sea level, monks founded in the 11th century, a hospice for travellers and pilgrims. there they were raised, Since the mid-17TH century, big mountain dogs for guard and surveillance. The existence of those dogs is documented graphically from 1695 written in a chronicle of the Hospice from the year 1707.

These dogs were soon used as guard dogs and, especially, as rescue dogs for travellers lost in the fog and snow.

There are chronicles published in many languages โ€‹โ€‹about the numerous lives that were saved by these dogs from the "white death" and stories of soldiers who crossed the mountain pass with Napoleon Bonaparte towards 1800, in the 19th century, they spread the dog's fame for St. Bernard all over Europe.

Already called at that time ยซBarry Hundยซ, And the legendary ยซBarryยปIt became the symbol of the rescue dog. The direct ancestors of the dog of St. Bernard were the very widespread oversized dogs, peasants of the region. These large dogs became only a few generations, an ideal pattern, in the current race.

As a result of an international cynological congress held on 2 in June of 1887, the dog of St. Bernard was officially recognized as a Swiss breed and the breed standard became mandatory. Since then the San Bernardo dog became the "Swiss national dog".

Heinrich Schumacher Holligen, was the first, in 1867 creating genealogical documents for their dogs. In February of 1884 The ยซSchweizerische Hundestammbuchโ€ (Swiss races book, SHSB). The first entry was that of St. Bernard ยซLeรณnยป, followed by other 28 annotations also of dogs of St. Bernard. The 15 in March of 1884 The ยซSchweizerische St. Bernhardsclubยป (Swiss Dog Club St. Bernard) in Basel.

Physical characteristics

The Saint Bernard, is classified in the Group 2: Dog type Pinscher and Schnauzer, Molosoides and mountain dogs and Swiss Cattle Dogs, and other races; section 2; Molossoid, 2.2 Type mountain (without working trial). Of the FCI (Federation Cynologique Internationale).

There are two varieties of the dog St. Bernard:

  • The variety of short hair (double hair, Stockhaar).
  • The long-haired variety.

Two varieties are of great stature and of a noble general appearance; they have a vigorous body, robust, harmonic and muscular, as well as an imposing head with an expression of attention on the face.

The cross appeal is, minimum of 70 cm for males and 65 cm for females. The FCI standard sets a maximum of 90 cm for males and 80 cm for females (dogs exceeding the maximum height is not devaluarรกn if its general aspect is harmonic and its proper motion).

In general the size is defined as:

  • ยซVery largeยซ, to be optimal in San Bernardo, When exceeds the 86 cm in males and the 80 cm in females.
  • ยซGrandยปWhen it goes from 82 to 86 cm in males and 75 to 80 cm in females.
  • ยซMediaยปWhen it goes from 78 to 82 cm in males and 70 to 75 cm in females.
  • ยซSmallยปWhen it goes from 70 to 78 cm in males and 65 to 70 cm in females.

In it "golden period of St. Bernardโ€ (1920-1940) were very rarely seen in exposures lower males to 80 Switzerland cm, of Germany, in the Netherlands and the subjects were not so rare above the 90 cm..

Also currently a good San Bernardo to access the championship would never have to be -with some exceptions- below the 80-82 cm and abundantly exceed such limit to reach above if possible the maximum of the German Mastiff and of the Irish Wolfhound but with greater volume, greater length of the trunk and heavier, course.

Character and skills

The dog's St. Bernard radiates calm and tranquility. He is balanced and self-confident.. Despite its imposing size, it is sensitive and has a gentle nature. His "stubbornness" is typical of this race, not only in appearance. The St. Bernard is trustworthy and kind, even with strangers. There is hardly a dog that has such a tolerant and balanced nature. Quietly he lets himself be caressed and understood by children he does not know. There is hardly a dog as fond of children as the St. Bernard. Nothing seems to bother him.

But, has an alert protective instinct. Defends his family and territory inflexible and extremely effective. One St. Bernard healthy and well socialized never loses control. It is not a barking dog and will stop any intruder quietly and abruptly. How do you like to live outside, still suitable as a guard and protection dog – but it is not in any way a dog to be in a kennel. The basis of this is the close connection with your human family, who should be the center of attention. Because he is affectionate and needs a lot of contact with humans as well as with other dogs.. After all, the close connection with his master is the decisive basis of his education.

Due to its size and strength, a St. Bernard a dog is not for beginners. It also, its maintenance is – as with all big dogs – very complex. If you want to buy a dog from St. Bernard, You must first be clear about some basic things:

The extreme dimensions bring with them quite practical problems. This starts with the car. And what if the adult giant is sick or cannot walk for a while due to age?? The St. Bernard not a dog for an apartment. The floor of the house should not be slippery. The dog should not have to climb the stairs frequently. To the St. Bernard he likes to travel; not an athlete, and take it easy. In the interest of your fitness, one should ensure that he exercises outdoors every day. Ideally, a St. Bernard stay in the field.

St. Bernard Education

To have fun with your dog St. Bernard, consistent education from the puppy's age is a basic requirement. 60 and more kilos of stubbornness, reluctantly following instructions, it's not a fun thing. Also keep in mind that the St. Bernard It, in case of doubt, much stronger than any well-trained man.

A deep and intimate bond with your caregiver is the basis of education, never difficulties or coercion. As puppies it must be carried with a stoic consistency. In his youth, the St. Bernard they are usually very lively and challenge the leadership of their humans. But, the dog of St. Bernard can be well educated. His calm and kind nature even forgives this or that mistake. But a solid education foundation with clear rules for daily life is an absolute prerequisite for your future attitude..

St. Bernard health and care

Coat care is simple. Regular brushing is enough. During the change of coat, twice a year, everything is a little more complex.

The main health problem of St. Bernard is the extreme breeding, breeding for gigantism. Puppies and young dogs of such breeding already grow too fast. So, it's about body coordination problems. Epilepsy and other diseases accompany the giant that is becoming. Life expectancy decreases dramatically. The enormous growth and associated rapid weight gain is an extreme challenge for the entire body.. The dog's fingerprint is not designed for such giants. the heads, however "typical" they seem, they have also been raised to be unhealthy and powerful, which can cause problems at birth.

One should pay attention to the eyes: Droopy eye or droopy eyelid is a widespread problem, especially with particularly powerful heads, that requires lifelong care and can seriously damage the eyes. Professor Distl of the Hannover University of Veterinary Medicine considers the St. Bernard as one of the breeds in which epilepsy is more common. Various types of cancer such as osteosarcoma also appear to be common in St. Bernard. The breed is strongly affected by dysplasia of the hip joint, as well as other skeletal diseases.

Nutrition / Food

Puppies and young dogs, they grow very fast, require expert guidance for proper nutrition. At the same time, attention should be paid to controlled exercise, neither too much nor too little. In the adult Saint Bernard there is a risk of stomach torsion. Otherwise, as with any big dog, the same applies to food: good and hearty.

The life expectancy of a St. Bernard

The legendary Barry I had 14 years, 10 of which he spent them on active rescue service in the Gran San Bernardo. Today is different, made by the man. Today, the St. Bernard is one of the dogs with the lowest life expectancy. The colossi of today reach only 6 to 8 years. Only very rarely does he reach an age of 10 years or more. On the other hand, a St. Bernard raised healthy with a weight lower than 70 kg is a robust dog and, despite its size, very frugal, without problems can live 10 years.

Buy a St. Bernard dog

Before buying a St. Bernard, you should check very carefully if you really have all the requirements to be able to spend many wonderful years with this giant. Only when all this clears up, a breeder must be found and contacted long before purchase. Special importance must be given to the fact that the breeder avoids exaggeration. Dogs in your kennel should not be large or too heavy. Also the heads should not be too powerful. It also, make sure that no epilepsy occurred in the ancestors. In any case, it should be clear that a puppy is only bought directly from a serious breeder. Better pay a few hundred euros more for a puppy from a serious breeder. These euros have a good opportunity to become the best investment of your life. Coming from a serious upbringing, a puppy of St. Bernard costs between 1.500 and 2.000 EUR.

Characteristics "St. Bernard"

Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "St. Bernard" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

Adaptation โ“˜

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friendly dog โ€‹โ€‹โ“˜

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Need for exercise โ“˜

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Social need โ“˜

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Home โ“˜

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Toilet โ“˜

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Friendly with strangers โ“˜

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barking โ“˜

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Health โ“˜

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Territorial โ“˜

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Cat friendly โ“˜

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Intelligence โ“˜

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Versatility โ“˜

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Child friendly โ“˜

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Surveillance โ“˜

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joy โ“˜

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St. Bernard Images

St. Bernard Videos

Type and recognitions:

  • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
  • Group :
  • Section : . .

Federations:

  • – FCI – Pinscher and Schnauzer-Molossoid type dogs – Swiss Mountain Dogs and Cattledogs. Section 2.2 Molossoid, mountain type. โ“˜
  • – AKC – Workgroup โ“˜
  • – ANKC – Group 6 (utility dogs) โ“˜
  • – CKC – Workgroup โ“˜
  • – โ€‹KC – Workgroup โ“˜
  • – NZKC – Utility dog โ“˜
  • – UKC – Watchdog โ“˜

FCI breed standard "St. Bernard"

Origin:
Switzerland

Date of publication of the valid original standard:
04.04.2016.

Use:

Company, Guard and Farm Dog.



General appearance:

There are two varieties of San Bernardo:

  • Variety of short hair (double mantle, "Stockhaar")
  • Long hair variety.

The two varieties are considerable size and an impressive general appearance. They have a balanced body, powerful, Strong and muscular with an impressive head and a facial expression alert.

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS

  • The desired proportion between the height of the cross and the length of the body (measured from the tip of the shoulder to the tip of the buttock) is of 9 : 10.
  • The desired proportion between the height to the cross and the depth of the chest is reflected in the sketch of the beginning.
  • The total length of the head is slightly larger than a third of the height of the cross.
  • The proportion between the depth of the snout (measured at its root) And its length is approximately 2 : 1.
  • The length of the snout is slightly larger than the third part of the length of the head.


Behavior / temperament:

Friendly by nature. Quiet temperament to cheerful; vigilant.

Head:

Powerful, imposing and very expressive.

Cranial region:
  • Skull: Strong and wide. Seen from the front and profile the top part of the skull is slightly domed. When is the dog at attention, The insertion of the ears forms a straight line with the upper part of the skull which laterally has a soft curvature towards high and strongly developed cheeks. The inclination from forehead to well steep snout. The occipital Protuberance should shortly be accented. The orbitals above arches strongly developed. Clearly marked front Groove starts on the forehead and extends to the top of the head. Skin from the forehead over the eyes forms slight folds that converge toward the central sulcus. When is the dog at attention, they are usually almost imperceptible.
  • Depression links (Stop): Strongly pronounced.

facial region:

  • Truffle: Wide and square with well marked angles, well open nostrils. The truffles must be black.
  • Snout: Uniformly wide. Nasal helm straight with a slight furrow in the Center.
  • Belfos: Pigmented edges of black. The Belfos of the upper jaw must be highly developed, shoulder straps, but not too pendants; they form a wide arc towards the nose. The corners must be visible.
  • Jaws/Teeth: Upper and lower jaws strong, wide and the same length.
  • Bitescissors or well developed clamp, regular and complete. It allows light lower prognathism, provided that the incisors do not lose contact. The absence of the PM1 is tolerated (premolars 1) and the M3.
  • Eyes: Medium-sized, they can be dark brown to hazelnut; moderately sunken. friendly expression. The edges of the eyelids are completely Pigmented.
  • A full closure is desirable, natural. Is allowed a small fold on the bottom with little visible conjunctival eyelid and a small crease on the upper eyelid.
  • Ears: Medium-sized, high and wide insertion. Highly developed Pavilion. Lobes soft triangle with rounded tip. The back edge is slightly separated from the head, While the above should be set to the cheeks.

Neck:

Strong and good long. The double chin neck and throat, moderately developed.

Body:

  • As a whole: The general impression should be, harmonica, well muscled and imposing.
  • Cross: Well developed.
  • Back: Wide, powerful and strong. The upper line is straight and level to the lumbar region.
  • Rump: Long, slightly descending with a harmonious transition to the insertion of the tail.
  • Breast : Moderately deep chest with well sprung ribs, but not abarriladas. You must not get below the elbows.
  • Abdomen and lower line: Slight upward backward.

Tail:

Of wide and strong base, It should be long and heavy.
  • The last vertebra must reach at least the corvejรณn joint. At rest you must hang straight or slightly curved up in the last third. In State care may be higher.


Tips

Former members:

  • As a whole: Seen from the front, rather wide position. Members must be straight and parallel.
  • Shoulder: Inclined scapula, muscular and firmly attached to the body.
  • Arm: As long as the scapula. The angle between the scapula and the arm must not be too open.
  • Elbow: Attached to the body.
  • Forearm: Straight, strong bone and muscles dry.
  • Metacarpus: Seen from the front must be vertical in its extension to the forearm. Viewed laterally must be slightly oblique.
  • Front feet: Widths, with strong fingers, together robust and highly arched.

Later members:

  • As a whole: Moderately angled rear limbs and muscled. Seen from the rear must be parallel and not together.
  • Thigh: Robust, muscular and wide.
  • Knee: Well angled and not turn inward or outward.
  • Leg: Fairly long and oblique.
  • Hocks: Moderately angled and strong.
  • Metatarsals: Seen from the back as straight and parallel.
  • Hind feet: Widths, with strong fingers, together robust and highly arched. The Spurs are tolerated if not they interfere with normal movement.

Movement:

Harmonic, long steps. Good push from the hind limbs. The back remains firm and stable. The previous and subsequent members must advance in a straight line when walking.

Mantle

  • Short hair (double hair): Dense outer layer, smooth and stuck to the body. Internal NAP thick. Thighs with fringes of not very notable hairs. Tail with thick hair.
  • Long hair: Outer layer of hairs of medium length, smooth. Abundant internal NAP. On the hip and rump, the hair can be somewhat wavy. Thighs with fringes of abundant hair and forelimbs with flags. Face and ears with short hair. Tail with abundant bushy hair.

COLOR: The basic color is white with reddish brown spots smaller or larger (spotted dogs), to form a continuous blanket of uninterrupted reddish brown on the back and flanks (dogs with mantle). This mantle interrupted by white veins have the same value. The reddish brown tabby is allowed. The yellowish-brown is tolerated. The dark brown on the head is much appreciated. Will tolerate some light traces of black color on the body.

  • Major brands: Sill, feet, the tail, nose cane, headband and nape.
  • Desirable markings: White collar.
  • dark mask symmetrical.


Size and weight:

Minimum height:

  • Males: 70 cm..
  • females: 65 cm..

Maximum height:

  • Males: 90 cm..
  • females: 80 cm..
  • Dogs exceeding the maximum height is not devaluarรกn in its judging if their general appearance is harmonious and correct movement.


Fouls:

Any deviation from the above mentioned criteria is considered as missing and the gravity of this is considered in proportion to the degree of deviation to the standard and its consequences on the health and well-being of the dog.

  • Characteristics of sex not sufficiently developed.
  • Non-harmonic overall appearance.
  • Very short relative to the height of the cross member.
  • Excess of folds in head and neck.
  • Muzzle too long or too short.
  • Belfos of lower jaw hanging and turned out.
  • Lack of teeth (except the PM1 and the M3) ; small teeth (especially the incisors).
  • Slight lower prognathism.
  • light eyes.
  • Eyelids too loose.
  • Back saddle or in tent.
  • Rump too high or too falling.
  • Tail coiled on top of the back.
  • Absence of white markings deemed important.
  • Curved or very returned former members out.
  • Later in the form of Coop members, de โ€œXโ€, or too straight.
  • Faulty movement.
  • Curly hair.
  • Incomplete or lack of it in the truffle pigmentation, belfos, eyelids and around the nose.
  • Wrong basic color, small splashes or spots of wetwood color on white.

MISS PLAYOFFS

  • Fearful dogs, aggressiveness.
  • Upper prognathism, marked lower prognathism.
  • Blue eyes.
  • Entropion, ectropion.
  • Completely white or completely brown reddish coat (absence of the basic color).
  • Coat of a different color.
  • Dogs that do not reach the minimum height.
  • Any dog โ€‹โ€‹showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities must be disqualified..


N.B.:

Males should have two normal-appearing testicles., fully descended into the scrotum.

  • This revised standard shall be applicable from April 2004.

TRANSLATION: Brรญgida Nestler.

Source: F.C.I - International Cynological Federation

Alternative names:

1. St. Bernhardog, Bernhardinner, Alpine Mastiff (archaic), Saint, Saint Bernard (English).
2. Grand-Saint-Bernard (French).
3. St. Bernhardshund, Chien du Saint-Bernard, Saint Bernard Dog, Perro San Bernardo (German).
4. Cรฃo de Sรฃo Bernardo (Portuguese).
5. Gran San Bernardo (espaรฑol).

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Pyrenean Mountain Dog
Francia Espaรฑa FCI 137 - Molossoid . Mountain

Pyrenean Mountain Dog

The Pyrenean Mountain Dog is a guardian and protector with territorial claims.

Content

History

The Pyrenean Mountain Dog is an ancient watchdog of the mountainous world of the Pyrenees. There it is officially called Chien de Montagne des Pyrรฉnรฉes. The people of the Pyrenees call him the cute little one Patou. The pyrenees, like a vast, deserted and rugged, previously inaccessible mountain range, form the natural border between France and Spain. Here there were and there are wolves and bears, with the consequent problem for ranchers. It also, sheep used to be one of the few livelihoods of the people here. While in Germany and other Central European countries people lament the return of the wolf and complain about the damage caused to game and sheep herds, in the Pyrenees dogs such as the Patou from time immemorial. And there are no complaints. Guard dogs are an integral part of every flock of sheep in the Pyrenees mountains.

On the French side, they are officially called Chien de Montagne des Pyrรฉnรฉes or Pyrenรคenberghund, on the Spanish side Perro de montaรฑa de los Pirineos or Gran Pirineo. In addition to protecting herds against thieves, wolves and bears, also protected large estates. His powerful figure, his determination and ability to attack in an emergency were not without effect. The impression must have been so lasting that his work was already documented in writings from antiquity and the Middle Ages.. It is reported that the dogs would have recognized people from afar by their clothes. In 1391 it is said that the Count of Foix did a test. If he came disguised as a tramp, the dogs attacked him from afar without hesitation. If he came dressed as a count, he wasn't bothered.

The Patou was not a uniform race in the past. In very remote valleys there were often local breeds, genetically isolated, optimized for your job task naturally, but in the end the same dogs came out with a very similar appearance and character, though they might have been genetically separated for generations. Extremely harsh living conditions obviously outweighed the disadvantages of inbreeding. Modern pedigree dog breeding took an interest in these impressive dogs very early on. Already at the first dog show in France, in 1863, a separate class was established for the Pyrenean Mountain Dog.

An attempt was made to establish the Patou also outside the Pyrenees as a watchdog and protection. In 1907 the first standard was established in France. But, due to the two world wars and the associated famine period, the population of Patou outside the mountains suffered serious setbacks. In 1955 obtained the official recognition of the FCI – International Cynological Federation.

Physical characteristics

The Pyrenean Mountain Dog is a big dog, imposing, powerful and at the same time athletic and agile. Doesn't seem clumsy or massive, but rather elegant piecework. It has a medium length coat, very dense and flexible, which can be slightly wavy. The bottom layer is also very dense. To the colors that the official standard says:

White or white with gray spots (badger gray or wolf gray), pale yellow or orange (rusty) in the head, ears and base of tail, sometimes also in the body.

The Pyrenean Mountain Dog it has a majestic height at the withers 70 and 80 centimeters in males and 65 to 75 in females. The weight must be between 60 and 70 kg. The measurements are quite similar to those taken by the Conde de Bylandt when he first described the breed in 1897, when he simply called the dogs "Chien des Pyrรฉneรฉsยซ. The head of the Patou remember the contours of a molosser. Shows a very alert and attentive facial expression. It is a dog that rests in itself, who first of all observes everything, seemingly listless. This is underlined by his eyes, they're supposed to be sweet and dreamy, with its dark amber color.

Character and skills

The Pyrenean Mountain Dog is a guardian and protector with territorial claims. He looks cute and calm looking, sublime and imposing almost like a blank teddy bear, but you must not be wrong. It has a strong character combined with a very own but clear idea of รขโ‚ฌโ€นรขโ‚ฌโ€นhow it should behave – and the others in their domain. This idea is naturally shaped by its use throughout the centuries, where he had to defend his flock to life or death as a guard without the presence of the shepherd and, therefore, had to make decisions independently. The official standard classifies his character qualities as follows:

Since the dog was used exclusively to protect herds against attacks by predators, its selection for breeding was based on its suitability as a guardian, their respectable appearance and also their relationship with the herd. The resulting characteristics are strength and agility., as well as the sweetness and attachment to his protรฉgรฉs. This watchdog has a tendency to independence and initiative, which requires some authority from his master.

One Pyrenean Mountain Dog should only be held by an experienced and mentally strong person. First of all, not a family dog. But, it can become so if it has extremely competent guidance from its master or caretaker and if the external conditions are right. Only then can he be a good family dog รขโ‚ฌโ€นรขโ‚ฌโ€นand lovingly protect all members of the family., including other four-legged friends. It also, is a good guardian and extremely reliable protector of the house and all those who, in your opinion -which should be clarified-, belong to it. Towards strangers he is suspicious.

Fitness

The Pyrenean Mountain Dog it is extremely undemanding in its maintenance – if one ignores the aforementioned restrictions due to its nature as a watchdog. It is undemanding in its nutrition as well as in its accommodation. You can spend the whole year outside without problems – As long as you have a suitable and "adequate" hiding place, it does not mean either a kennel or a chain., because he must be able to move in his territory. This large, self-confident dog is quite sensitive and places great importance on a close emotional bond with his human family.. You need a trusting relationship with your master or caregiver.

Thanks to modern pedigree dog breeding, the Patou is better prepared for a big city life than other herd protection dog breeds like the Kangal or the Central Asian Shepherd Dog. So if you have a large, well-fenced property in the country, if you have joy, fun, experience and the possibility of getting involved with these dogs, you can experience a particularly impressive and beautiful facet of the human-dog association.

Pyrenean Mountain Dog Education

The education of Pyrenean Mountain Dog belongs to the hands of a teacher or lover with deep experience and canine knowledge. Like any other race, Pyrenean mountain dogs must be well socialized and educated since they are puppies. It would be irresponsible to want to keep such a dog as a beginner.

Care and health of the Pyrenean Mountain Dog

Absolutely easy to care for and undemanding. The Pyrenean Mountain Dog generally enjoys very robust health. Some health problems may include hip dysplasia; heart problems such as tricuspid valve dysplasia; cancers like osteosarcoma (bone cancer); eye problems such as persistent pupil membranes, progressive retinal atrophy and cataracts; dissecting osteochondritis (an orthopedic problem), patellar dislocation (dislocation of the patella) and swelling.

Nutrition / Food

The Pyrenean Mountain Dog he has no problem with his diet.

Life expectancy of the Pyrenean Mountain Dog

The Pyrenean Mountain Dog have a very high life expectancy of 12 and sometimes more years relative to its size.

Characteristics "Pyrenean Mountain Dog"

Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed"Pyrenean Mountain Dog" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

Adaptation โ“˜

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friendly dog โ€‹โ€‹โ“˜

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hair loss โ“˜

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Affection level โ“˜

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Need for exercise โ“˜

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Social need โ“˜

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Home โ“˜

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Toilet โ“˜

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Friendly with strangers โ“˜

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barking โ“˜

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Health โ“˜

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Territorial โ“˜

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Cat friendly โ“˜

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Intelligence โ“˜

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Versatility โ“˜

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Child friendly โ“˜

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Surveillance โ“˜

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joy โ“˜

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Images "Pyrenean Mountain Dog"

Photos:

1 – Pyrenean Mountain Dog by https://pxhere.com/es/photo/774692
2 – Pyrenees Mountain Dog, XI International Dog Show in Krakรณw by I, Lilly M / CC BY-SA
3 – Great Pyrenees Mountain Dog by HeartSpoon / CC BY-SA
4 – Pyrenees mountain dog by Arnaud 25 / CC BY-SA
5 – Pasture of Anterne, Sixt-Fer-a-Cheval, Pyrenean Mountain Dog among the sheeps by Jerome Bon from Paris, France / CC BY
6 – Pyrenean Mountain Dog by Emma.Martinet / CC0
7 – Pyrenees mountain dog by I, Beninho / CC BY-SA

Videos "Pyrenean Mountain Dog"

Type and recognitions:

  • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
  • Group :
  • Section : . .

Federations:

  • – FCI – Pinscher and Schnauzer-Molossoid type dogs – Swiss Mountain Dogs and Cattledogs. Section 2.2 Molossoid, mountain type. โ“˜
  • – AKC – Working dogs โ“˜
  • – ANKC – Group 6 (utility dogs) โ“˜
  • – CKC – Group 3 – Working dogs โ“˜
  • – โ€‹KC – Sheepdogs โ“˜
  • – NZKC – Utility dog โ“˜
  • – UKC – Watchdog โ“˜

  • FCI breed standard "Pyrenean Mountain Dog"

    Origin:
    Spain, France

    Date of publication of the valid original standard:
    13.03.2001

    Use:

    Herd guard dog in mountain.



    General appearance:

    This is a large dog, imposing and very well proportioned, although without lacking a certain elegance.

    PROPIMPORTANT ORTIONS:

    • The maximum width of the skull is equal to its length.
    • The muzzle is slightly shorter than the skull.
    • The length of the body, from the tip of the shoulder, to the tip of the gluteus, is slightly higher than the height at the withers.
    • Chest height is equal to half the height at the withers or slightly less


    Behavior / temperament:

    Used to protect flocks alone from predator attacks, his selection was based on both his vigilance and deterrence skills, as in their attachment to the flock. As a result of this, its main qualities are strength and agility, as well as the sweetness and devotion towards those who protect him. This watchdog has a propensity for independence and a sense of initiative that require some authority from its master..

    Head:

    Is not very big, compared to the size of the dog. The side faces are quite flat.

    Cranial region:
    • Skull: The maximum width of the skull is equal to its length. It is slightly arched, because the sagittal crest is noticeable to the touch. Since the occipital protuberance is apparent, the cranium, on its back, It has an ogival shape. Superciliary arches are not marked, the middle groove is barely perceptible to the touch between the eyes.
    • Depression links (Stop): It has a slight inclination.

    facial region:

    • Truffle: It is completely black.
    • Snout: It is wide; somewhat shorter than the skull and progressively decreases towards its extremity. Seen from above, is V-shaped with a truncated tip. It is very solid under the eyes.
    • Lips: They are slightly hanging and cover just the lower jaw. Are black or well marked black, as well as the palate.
    • Jaws / Teeth: The denture must be complete and the teeth must be white and healthy. The joint is in the form of scissors (the upper incisors cover the lower ones without loss of contact). Articulation in the form of pliers is supported, as well as the two lower clips that fall towards the front.

    Eyes: They are rather small, almendrada form, slightly oblique, of intelligent and contemplative expression. Its color is amber brown. The eyelids are never loose and are lined with black. The look is sweet and dreamy.

    Ears: Present at eye level. They are quite small, triangular in shape and rounded at the extremity. They fall close to the head and appear a little higher when the dog is in action.

    Neck:

    It is strong, pretty short; the double chin is poorly developed.

    Body:

    The length of the body, from the tip of the shoulder, to the tip of the gluteus, is slightly higher than the height at the withers. The height of the sternum to the ground is almost equal to half the height at the withers, but never inferior.

    • top line: It is very firm.
    • Cross: It is wide.
    • Back: Good length, solid.
    • Pork loin: Medium length.
    • Rump: Slightly oblique; the haunches are quite outgoing.
    • Flank: It is little inclined.
    • Breast : It is not very inclined, but wide and deep. Descends to elbow level, no further down. Its altitude is equal to or slightly less than the height at the withers. Ribs are slightly rounded.

    Tail:

    Descend at least to the tip of the hock. It is bushy and forms a pompadour. Low, during rest, preferably with the hooked end. When is the dog in action, it rises on the back taking a well-rounded shape and only the limb touches the back (The mountain people call it the "arroundera" wheel.).

    Tips

    PREVIOUS MEMBERS: They are strong and plumb.

    • Shoulder: They are fairly oblique.
    • Arms: Muscular, medium length.
    • forearms: Straight, strong and well covered with fringe hairs.
    • Carpi: The wrist is in the extension of the forearm.
    • Metacarpus: Slightly oblique.
    • Previous feet: They are not very long and compact, with slightly arched fingers.

    LATER MEMBERS: They have hairs that form longer and busier fringes than the forelimbs. Seen from behind, are perpendicular to the ground.

    • Thighs: They are well muscled, not very long and fairly oblique; ยซwell trainedยป.
    • Knees: They are moderately angled and lie on the axis of the body.
    • Legs: Strong, medium length.
    • Hock: Width, thin and medium layered.
    • Pies: They are little elongated, compact, with slightly arched fingers.
    • Spurs: The hindquarters have double, well-formed spurs. The forelimbs sometimes have single or double dewclaws.

    Movement:

    The movement of the Pyrenean Mountain Dog is powerful and loose, never weighed; it is broader than fast and it does not lack a certain elasticity and elegance. This dog's angulations allow for a steady gait.

    Mantle

    SKIN: Thick and flexible. Often shows pigmentation spots all over the body.

    Fur: It is very bushy, smooth, quite long and loose, pretty rough on the shoulders and back. Longer at the tail and around the neck, where it can be slightly wavy. Trouser hair, finer and woolier, it's very bushy. The inner face of hairs is also thick.

    Color: White or white with gray appearance spots (badger hair or dark bay), pale yellow or orange, in the head, the ears and the tail. Badger hair spots are the most appreciated.



    Size and weight:

    Height to the cross:

    • Males: 70 to 80 cm.,
    • females: 65 to 75 cm..

    A tolerance of 2 cm in of the set size, in copies that correspond perfectly to the type.



    Fouls:

    Any deviation from the aforementioned criteria is considered as a fault and the severity of this is considered to the degree of the deviation to the standard and its consequences on the health and well-being of the dog..

    General aspect: General appearance that gives the impression of heaviness, aspect without distinction. Thick dog, not very energetic, lymphatic.

    Head:

    • Too heavy, rectangular
    • Very wide skull, forehead bulge
    • Very marked or non-existent naso-frontal depression
    • Very drooping lips that form belfo
    • Insufficient truffle pigmentation, the edge of the eyelids and lips

    Eyes: Round, sunken or bulging. Too big or too small, close together or far apart. Third visible eyelid. Hard expression.

    Ears: Wide, long, bent, forming folds. They come back; set high.

    Neck: Delgado, a little long or otherwise very short, giving the impression that the head is sunk on the shoulders. Chin very pronounced.

    Body: Sunken or convex top line, inclined, swollen or sagging belly.

    Breast : Very broad or narrow front part of the chest. Flat ribs, or on the contrary, barrel shape.

    Tail: With little hair or incorrect implantation. Very short or very long, without pompadour, does not take the form of a wheel when in action or does it continuously, even during rest.

    Former members:

    • They deviate inward or outward.
    • Very open scapulo-humeral angle.

    Later members:

    • They deviate inward or outward.
    • Straight or excessively angled hock.
    • Pies: Long, plans.
    • Fur: Short or curled, silky, soft. Absence of an inner layer of hairs.

    FALTAS DESCALIFICANTES:

    • Aggressiveness or extreme shyness.
    • Any dog โ€‹โ€‹showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities must be disqualified..
    • Color: Colors other than those indicated in the standard.
    • Truffle: In another color that is not absolutely black.
    • Jaws: Upper or lower prognathism, or any malformation of the jaws.
    • Eyes: Different colored spots on the eyelids, raptor eyes.
    • Spurs: Absence of dewclaws, single or double spur atrophy in hindquarters.
    • Size: Outside the limits of the standard.


    N.B.:

    โ€ข Males must have two normal-appearing testicles fully descended into the scrotum..
    โ€ข Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with the typical conformation of the breed, should be used for parenting.

    Source: F.C.I - International Cynological Federation

    Alternative names:

    1. Great Pyrenees, Patou, Montaรฑรฉs del Pirineo, Perro de Montaรฑa de los Pirineos, Can de Montaรฑa de os Perinรฉs, Chien des Pyrรฉnรฉes, Chien de Montagne des Pyrรฉnรฉes, Pyr, GP, PMD, Gentle Giant (English).
    2. montagne des Pyrรฉnรฉes, pastou, patou (French).
    3. Chien de Montagne des Pyrรฉnรฉes, Patou (German).
    4. Chien de Montagne des Pirรฉnรฉes (Portuguese).
    5. Gran Pirineo, Chien des Pyrรฉnรฉes, Chien de Montagne des Pyrรฉnรฉes, Gigante de los Pirineos, Gran Pirineu, Muntanya dels Pirineus, Patou (espaรฑol).

    โ–ท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

    Tibetan Mastiff (Do-Khy)
    Tรญbet FCI 230 - Molossoid . Mountain


    Mastรญn Tibetano

    The Tibetan Mastiff It is not a dog to live with children.

    Content

    Characteristics "Tibetan Mastiff (Do-Khy)"

    Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "Tibetan Mastiff (Do-Khy)" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

    Adaptation โ“˜

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    friendly dog โ€‹โ€‹โ“˜

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    hair loss โ“˜

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    Affection level โ“˜

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    Need for exercise โ“˜

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    Social need โ“˜

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    Home โ“˜

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    Toilet โ“˜

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    Friendly with strangers โ“˜

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    barking โ“˜

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    Health โ“˜

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    Territorial โ“˜

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    Cat friendly โ“˜

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    Intelligence โ“˜

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    Versatility โ“˜

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    Child friendly โ“˜

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    Surveillance โ“˜

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    joy โ“˜

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    History of the "Tibetan Mastiff"


    The Tibetan Mastiff o Doge of Tibet (Do-Khy), is a dog native to Tibet, It appeared to the year 8000 to. C.

    The Tibetan Mastiff is an ancient working breed of nomadic Himalayan herders and a traditional guardian of Tibetan monasteries.. Its history has been surrounded by great mysticism since it was discovered in ancient times.. Since its mention by Aristotle (384 โ€“ 322 to. C.) at the famous writings of Marco Polo, who went to Asia in 1271, all historical reports praise the natural strength and grandeur of the Doge of Tibet, both physically and mentally.

    Until his barking It has been described as unique and as a characteristic of the highly treasured breed.

    The outstanding European cinรณfilos of the past like Martin and Youatt, Megnin, Beckmann, Siber as well as Strebel, Bylandt have intensively investigated the Tibetan Mastiff, being fascinated with their origin and role in the Tibetan culture.

    One of the first Tibetan doges to reach the western shores was a male specimen sent to Queen Victoria by Lord Hardinge. (at that time viceroy of the India) in 1847. Later in 1880 Edward VII (then Prince of Wales), took 2 dogs return to England. One of the earliest records of litter of Doges Tibetans was in 1898, born in the Berlin Zoo.

    Considered as the race led all large mountain races and all mastiffs.

    According to testimonies dating back to 2.000 years before Christ, the Tibetan Mastiff was used by the Assyrians as a war dog and for the custody of prisoners..

    It still appears with the same appearance as in the Babylonian bas-reliefs, Egyptians and Greeks, showing in this way the great diffusion in very ancient times.

    The Roman conquests and invasions of Asian peoples, It spread quickly to the basin of the Mediterranean giving rise to all the races of molossians Europeans, many of pastor and other rescue as the St. Bernard, the Newfoundland and the Pyrenean Mountain Dog.

    Characteristics Tibetan Mastiff

    Videos "Tibetan Mastiff (Do-Khy)"

    mastin tibetano

    Mastรญn tibetano

    Mastin Tibetano

    It is a companion dog, Guard and protection; slow to mature, females only reach their apogee between 2 and 3 years and males at least the 4 years.

    It is a dog powerful, heavy, good bone structure. Impressive, solemn but kindly appearance.
    They have the feet quite large, strong and compact. They have the shape of the feet of cat with long hair between the toes. Its walk is strong, free, always light and elastic. In fast walks it tends to bring the members closer in a medium line. When walking, It seems slow and careful.
    Males have, notably, more hair than females. The quality of the hair is of greater importance than quantity. Primarily the hair should be fairly long and dense.

    When the weather is cold it should have a layer of hairs, internal and thick that becomes sparse in the hot months.

    The hair is fine but hard, straight and roughness. Never silky, curly or wavy. The hair of the inner layer, When it has, is quite woolly. The neck and shoulders are covered with hair giving the appearance of a mane. The tail is covered with dense and bushy hair. The upper rear of the hindlimbs is pretty long hair forms fringes.

    They are of color intense Black, black and tan, brown, various shades of gold, grey and blue; grey and blue and fire. The fire color varies from a very intense hue to lighter colors.

    It allows a White Star on the chest. Minimal white spots are acceptable on the feet. Heat stains appear on the eyes, in the lower extremities, on the underside of the tail, around the snout, and in the form of sunglasses around the eyes.

    Character ยซTibetan Mastiffยป

    Respect to temperament, the race many experts agree that is a dog difficult in nature or complex..., is distant, and too independent to the point of being unpredictable because rarely leaves knowing their true intentions.

    The Tibetan Mastiff It is a very brave dog that not afraid of anything, and that makes it in a excellent guardian.

    His family is very love and abiding, but it is completely distrustful to strangers, and that can lead it to bite a stranger, for that reason it is not usually a dog suitable for novices... Since, If do not have education and training appropriate and responsible, It can be a real danger.

    By that peculiar and especially unpredictable nature, race scholars pose that not is a dog ideal to live with children.

    It is one of the oldest breeds of origin and is still used today in the Himalayan chain for the custody of herds and as a guardian of monasteries..

    In the discharge of this function is safe and incorruptible, fierce and dangerous with strangers, like almost all races that we can define as ยซoldยป and whose character has been forged over the centuries.

    It has little spread outside of Asia, even in the world of the cinophilia, It is little frequent to see copies of this race to participate in international dog shows.

    Observations

    Even in Tibet it is on the verge of extinction due to the difficulties involved in raising dogs of that size..

    The price of a Mastin Tibetano currently ranges between 1500 and 2000 EUR, a few 1700 and 2400 $.

    In the news, the breeding of the Tibetan Mastiff develops almost exclusively in England.

    Health ยซTibetan Mastiffยป

    The Tibetan Mastiff have some health conditions that may be worrisome. These include hip and elbow dysplasia, hypothyroidism, the persistence of the pupillary membranes (an eye disorder) and demyelinating neuropathy inherited from canines.

    Not all of these diseases are detectable in a growing puppy, and it can be difficult to predict whether an animal will be free of these ailments., so you should find a trusted breeder who is committed to raising the healthiest animals possible. Must be able to produce an independent certification that the parents of the dog (and grandparents, etc.) have been screened for these defects and considered healthy for breeding. That's where health records come in..

    Careful breeders screen their breeding dogs for genetic diseases and breed only the healthiest, best-looking specimens., but sometimes Mother Nature has other ideas and a puppy develops one of these diseases despite good husbandry practices. Advances in veterinary medicine mean that in most cases the dog can still live a good life.. If you are going to have a puppy, ask the breeder about the ages of the dogs in your line and the cause of death.

    Keep in mind that Tibetan Mastiffs mature very slowly. They will not reach their full size until they have 3 to 5 years of age.

    Remember that after bringing a new puppy home, has the power to protect you from one of the most common health problems: the obesity. Keeping a Tibetan mastiff at an appropriate weight is one of the easiest ways to prolong its life. Make the most of your preventive skills to help ensure a healthier dog for life.

    The ยซTibetan Mastiffยป grooming

    The Tibetan Mastiff has a long, thick double coat, with males having more luxurious coverage than females. The heavy undercoat is soft and woolly; the top layer is straight with a hard texture. The amount of hair on the neck and shoulders gives the Tibetan Mastiff the appearance of having a mane. His tail and britches (the rear thighs) they are also heavily covered. There is no need to trim any part of the coat unless you want to give your feet a cleaner look. With regular brushing, should not need frequent baths.

    Brush to Tibetan Mastiff several times a week to remove dead hair and maintain healthy skin and coat. During the molting season, you'll want to brush it daily to keep your hair down under control.

    The rest is basic care. Trim nails as needed, usually every week or two. Brush your teeth frequently with a veterinarian-approved pet toothpaste for overall good health and fresh breath.

    Images ยซTibetan Mastiffยป

    ยซTibetan Mastiffยป Videos

    Type and recognitions:

    • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
    • Group :
    • Section : . .

    Federations:

    FCI โ“˜, AKC โ“˜, ANKC โ“˜, CKC โ“˜, โ€‹KC โ“˜, NZKC โ“˜, UKC โ“˜

    FCI breed standard Tibetan Mastiff (Do-Khy)

    FCIFCI - Tibetan Mastiff (Do-Khy)
    Mastiff

    Alternative names:

    1. Mastiff (English).
    2. Mastiff du Tibet (French).
    3. Tibetdogge, Tibetanische Dogge, Tibetmastiff (German).
    4. Mastiff tibetano (Portuguese).
    5. Dogo del Tรญbet (espaรฑol).

    โ–ท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

    Newfoundland
    Canadรก FCI 50 - Molossoid - Mountain

    Terranova

    The Newfoundland radiates majestic serenity.

    Content

    History

    The Newfoundland was born on the east coast of Canada. The great island of Newfoundland, which is in front of Canada, gave him his name. The fact that it descends from the dogs of the Vikings of pre-Columbian times or from the dogs of the Indians is a legend that has not been proven until now.. Its relationship with the molossi can be seen but also proved in the genetic map of the Heidi G dog breeds. Parker.

    Probably the ancestors of the Newfoundlands came with the first settlers as molossi from Europe. It proved to be an aid to fishermen and sealers and was occasionally useful when hunting bear and big game on land.. It transported loads and served as a draft dog for the sleds with the dead game.. Working with fishermen in the rough North Atlantic was extremely demanding. The Newfoundland had to think, had to do heavy work on the networks. The Newfoundland saved the lives of the castaways over and over again. In this way, he developed the peculiarities of his character and physique that allowed him to face the harsh weather conditions on land and the dangers of the sea as a water and rescue dog..

    With the cod ships he came to England over and over again as early as the 18th century. Here he became famous early on due to his impressive achievements. Was not up 1886 that the Club of Newfoundland in England, and soon after, in 1893, The club of Newfoundland for the Continent, now called the "German Club of Newfoundlandยซ. Even today, Newfoundland keep working as a water rescue dog.

    Did you know??

    One Newfoundland named Rigel sank with the Titanic and swam alongside a lifeboat for three hours in the icy water, apparently looking for its owner, that had gone down with the ship. The people in the lifeboat were nearly run over by the steamer Carpathia because the crew could not hear their faint cries., but Rigel's bark was noticed and the people and the dog were saved.

    Physical characteristics

    The Newfoundland is a big dog. According to the standard, adult males must weigh an average of 68 kg and females 54 kg. It is a very strong dog, very muscular and with long dense hair. Her coat is water repellent. It has a strong and soft undercoat, which makes it look even bulkier. This shouldn't tempt you to raise him like a teddy bear.. Because the real Newfoundland combines enormous power with agility, sportiness and impressive skills in the water. Its exterior does not deceive its interior. Master challenges with a committed calm. The hair on your head, muzzle and ears is short and thin. The front and rear legs are covered in fur. The tail is completely covered in long thick hair. The black, brown and black and white are allowed as coat colors.

    Character and skills

    Even the mere appearance of Newfoundland has a relaxing and calming effect, at least for people who are not usually afraid of dogs. The Newfoundland radiates majestic serenity. Its character is as stable as it appears on the outside. It has a friendly and kind nature. But that must not be misleading: He knows very well how to distinguish between friend and enemy, which you can unequivocally underline by your calm but more determined appearance. If required, defends his family with all his might without hesitation. Barking is not necessary to be heard.

    He is extremely friendly with his friends. The Newfoundland he is very close to his family and loves children more than anything. He wants education and he absolutely needs it. Because like a powerful big dog it is always stronger than the other end of the leash.. Sometimes he has a hard head, but after a friendly request from his master or caretaker he does everything, as long as it's well connected. The Newfoundland impresses by the unity of two apparently irreconcilable poles: on the one hand it radiates calm and tranquility, on the other hand it can save people from drowning in a short time in the most difficult conditions. Usually, the Newfoundlands are real water rats. They are excellent swimmers, which they are happy to proudly demonstrate.

    The Newfoundland not a dog for the city or a flat. He likes long walks, but water is the best for him. Due to its strength and the high technical demands of its maintenance, not suitable for beginners, although it can be trained and managed well. It is a great family dog. But he also likes to sleep outside, even with wind and rain. What you don't need is running or doing activities in the heat.

    The Newfoundland It is a natural lifeguard and can be a good helper for parents who have a pool or enjoy taking children to the lake or ocean, although you should never be solely responsible for your safety.

    Newfoundland Education

    The Newfoundland can be educated very well. It is intelligent, interested and quickly understand what you are allowed to do and what you are not. Sometimes it's a little slow, but a little motivated, he is very cooperative and strives to make his master and lady happy. The puppy should already show itself clearly and without exception where the hammer hangs. There should be no doubt about the orientation of your humans, as well as about the intimate relationship and respect for him.

    It must always be kept in mind that this dog is the physically strongest and that leadership only works through unquestioning recognition of the human leadership role.. With praise and results, basically you can achieve everything with it. On the basis of a good education you can train him very well Newfoundland. Many terranovas they are successfully used as guide dogs for the blind and especially as water rescue dogs, but also on land. For this you can do work tests with water in the clubs.

    Caring for a Newfoundland

    Maintain and care for the Newfoundland it is very expensive. The dense, weather-resistant coat must be brushed every day with a special brush.. Should not be sheared or trimmed. Due to its constitution and dense coat, do not tolerate heat well.

    Nutrition / Food

    Like all large dogs, Newfoundland need a lot of food. Especially in the growth phase you need professional nutritional planning.

    Newfoundland life expectancy

    Life expectancy is between 8 and 12 years. That depends a lot on the upbringing. Thin and light dogs tend to age more than heavy, plump dogs.

    Newfoundland Health

    as could be predicted, given its large size, the Newfoundland can suffer a series of joint and structural problems. It is important that young and growing dogs are kept lean and are not allowed to exercise too hard or eat too much, since this will cause injuries and problems that can be paralyzing in the future. In fact, all the Newfoundland they need to stay slim, since obesity increases the chances of them developing structural problems and makes them more painful when they occur.

    One such structural problem is genetic hip deformation known as hip dysplasia.. The head of the femur does not fit well into the hip socket; with the time, the cartilage in the joint wears away and the underlying bone is damaged. Serious arthritis occurs that usually affects very young dogs. In some cases, expensive surgery required, including total hip replacement surgery. If not treated, the dog will suffer pain and a poor quality of life. Elbow dysplasia is another inherited joint problem, resulting from abnormal elbow formation.

    The possibility that a Newfoundland develop dysplasia of the hip or elbow just because the parents are free of the disease, although it reduces the possibilities. And while a puppy's bones keep growing, it can sometimes be difficult to confirm a diagnosis, depending on the tests performed and the severity of the condition.

    To each Newfoundland X-rays of your dog's hips and elbows should be taken by two years of age, regardless of whether or not he shows symptoms of lameness or stiffness. For dogs that show lameness before that age (that is to say, during the puppy stage), diagnostic tests should be performed promptly.

    The Newfoundlands are at risk of heart disease, including dilated cardiomyopathy and subaortic stenosis (SAS). There is currently no genetic test for SAS, who has a complex inheritance, making it difficult to develop a test. Breeders must not breed Newfoundland with no signs of SAS and puppies should be examined by a certified veterinary cardiologist.

    Cystinuria is a genetic kidney defect that leads to the formation of bladder stones that are very difficult to manage with diet or medication and often requires surgery both to remove the bladder stones and to repair urinary obstructions.. There may be no early signs that the dog is forming cystine stones, which can create a life-threatening emergency if they cause an obstruction. Fortunately, there is a genetic test for cystinuria. Given the availability of the genetic test, no need for a breeder to produce a dog with the disorder

    Not all of these conditions are detectable on a growing puppy, and it can be difficult to predict whether an animal will be free of these diseases, so a reputable breeder must be found who is committed to raising the healthiest animals possible. Must be able to produce an independent certification that the parents of the dog (and grandparents, etc.) have been screened for these defects and considered healthy for breeding. That's where health records come in..

    Not all visits by Newfoundland to the vet they are due to a genetic problem. It is known that the Newfoundland experience cruciate ligament rupture. They are also among the deep-breasted breeds predisposed to bloating., a condition in which the stomach is distended by gas and may twist in on itself (called gastric torsion), cutting off blood flow. Swelling and torsion appear very suddenly, and a dog that was fine a minute can die a few hours later. Watch for symptoms such as restlessness and pacing, la baba, the paleness of the gums, lip licking, unsuccessful attempt to vomit and signs of pain. Swelling requires immediate veterinary intervention, and surgery is necessary in many cases. Unfortunately, dogs that have swollen can do it again, So most veterinarians offer a procedure known as gastropexy or "stomach turning.", which anchors the stomach to the body wall to help prevent future twisting. This procedure can also be done as a preventive measure.

    Buy a Newfoundland

    You should only buy a puppy locally from a breeder who is affiliated with the FCI. should come from a baby, where dogs are rather sporty, thin and not too fat and ยซbearyยป. A puppy in the kennel is usually sold at a price between 1500 and 2000 EUR.

    Valuations "Newfoundland"

    Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "Newfoundland" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

    Adaptation โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    friendly dog โ€‹โ€‹โ“˜

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    hair loss โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Affection level โ“˜

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Need for exercise โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Social need โ“˜

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Home โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Toilet โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Friendly with strangers โ“˜

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    barking โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Health โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Territorial โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Cat friendly โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Intelligence โ“˜

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Versatility โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Child friendly โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Surveillance โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    joy โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Images "Newfoundland"

    Photos:

    1 – Terranova by Maria Amaro Jimenez / CC BY-SA
    2 – Terranova by https://pixabay.com/es/photos/terranova-perro-negro-609531/
    3 – Terranova by https://pxhere.com/es/photo/112392
    4 – Terranova by https://www.publicdomainpictures.net/es/view-image.php?image=197196&picture=newfoundland-cute-puppy-dog
    5 – Terranova by https://www.pxfuel.com/es/free-photo-obraa
    6 – Terranova by https://www.pxfuel.com/es/free-photo-jttkx

    Videos "Newfoundland"

    Type and recognitions:

    • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
    • Group :
    • Section : . .

    Federations:

    • – FCI – Pinscher and Schnauzer-Molossoid type dogs – Swiss Mountain Dogs and Cattledogs. Section 2.2 Molossoid, mountain type. โ“˜
    • – AKC – Dogs working โ“˜
    • – ANKC – Group 6 (utility dogs) โ“˜
    • – CKC – Group 3 โ“˜
    • – โ€‹KC – Working dogs โ“˜
    • – NZKC – Utility dog โ“˜
    • – UKC – Watchdog โ“˜

    FCI breed standard "Newfoundland"

    Origin:
    Canada

    Date of publication of the valid original standard:
    29.10.1996.

    Use:

    Sled dog for heavy loads, water dog.



    General appearance:

    The Newfoundland has a powerful body, solid, muscular. Their movements are well coordinated.

    IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS: The length of the body, measured from the scapulo-humeral joint to the tip of the ischium, is greater than the distance from the cross to the ground (height to the cross). The body is compact. The female's body may be slightly longer and less massive than the male's. From the withers to the lower chest the distance is slightly greater than from the lower chest to the ground.



    Behavior / temperament:

    The expression of the Newfoundland reflects kindness and sweetness. Worthy, happy and creative, is characterized by its genuine gentleness and serenity.

    Head:

    Solid. The female's head has the same general configuration as the male's, but it is less massive.

    Cranial region:
    • Skull: It is wide; the apex is slightly arched and the occipital bone is well developed.
    • Depression links (Stop): It is well observable, but never abrupt.

    facial region:

    • Truffle: Wide and well pigmented. Windows are well developed. In black dogs and black and white, It is black; it is brown in dogs of this same color.
    • Snout: Definitely square, deep and moderately short. It is covered by short fine hair and has no wrinkles. The corners of the lips are apparent, but not too pronounced.
    • Belfos: soft.
    • Jaws / Teeth: The bite is uniform or scissor-shaped.

    Eyes: Moderately sunken and relatively small. They are well separated and there is no presence of a third eyelid.. They are dark brown in black and black and white dogs. Lighter shades are allowed in brown dogs.

    Ears: They are relatively small, triangular and rounded edges. They sit back on both sides of the head and are very heavy.. When the adult dog's ear is extended forward, it reaches the inner corner of the eye on the same side of the head.

    Neck:

    It is strong, muscular and well-seated on the shoulders. It is long enough to allow a distinguished bearing of the head. The double chin should not be excessive.

    Body:

    The bone structure is everywhere solid. In profile, the body is deep and vigorous.

    • top line: It is horizontal and firm from the cross to the rump.
    • Back: Wide.
    • Pork loin: Strong and well muscled.
    • Rump: Wide. Tilts at a 30ยฐ angle.
    • Breast : Width, deep and spacious; the ribs are well arched.
    • bottom line: Almost uniform and never raised.

    Tail:

    While the Newfoundland is swimming, the tail serves as rudder; therefore, It must be strong and wide at the root. When the dog is at rest, the tail is down, perhaps forming a small curve at the tip; reaches the hock or a little lower. When the dog is moving or animated, the tail is carried straight with a slight upward curve, but it never comes rolled up on the back, nor curved between the hind limbs.

    Tips

    PREVIOUS MEMBERS: They are straight and parallel also when the dog walks or jogs slowly.

    • Shoulder: They are well muscled and oblique.
    • Elbows: stuck to the chest.
    • Metacarpus: They are slightly inclined.
    • Previous feet: Large and in proportion to the body. They are rounded and compact, with also compact and firm fingers. The fingers have an interdigital membrane.

    LATER MEMBERS: Since the urge to drag heavy loads, swimming and covering a lot of ground efficiently depends largely on the hindquarters, in Newfoundland their structure is very important. The pelvis must be strong, wide and long.

    • Thigh: He is broad and muscular.
    • Knee: It is well angled, but not enough to give the impression that the dog is crouched.
    • Leg: It is strong and quite long.
    • Hocks: They are relatively short and are well lowered and separated, parallel to each other. They don't even deviate inwards, nor out.
    • Hind feet: Firm and compact. In case of dewclaws, these must have been removed.

    Movement:

    The Newfoundland's forelimbs have good range and their hindlimbs give a strong boost, which denotes ease and strength. A slight rocking of the back is considered natural. As speed increases, the top line remains uniform.

    Mantle

    • Fur: The Newfoundland has a double layer of waterproof hair. The outer layer is moderately long and straight hair without curls; a slight wave is allowed. The inner layer is soft and dense. It is denser in winter than in summer, but still it is always existing in the rump and chest. The hair of the head, the muzzle and ears are short and thin. Front and rear limbs have bangs. The tail is completely covered with long, dense hair, but it has no flag shape. Any haircut or grooming should not be encouraged.
    • Color: Negro, black and white and chestnut.
      • Negro: This is the traditional color. It should be as uniform as possible, but a slight tan tone is allowed. White markings on chest are also allowed, fingers and tip of tail, the both.
      • black and white: This variety has historical significance for the breed. The preferred marking pattern is: black head, preferably with a white list that extends to the muzzle, black saddle with uniform markings and black upper back and tail. Other parts of the body should be white with minimal mottling.
      • Chestnut: This color ranges from chocolate to bronze. White markings on chest allowed, fingers and tip of tail, the both. Black and white and brown dogs must be shown in the same class as blacks.


    Size and weight:

    Height to the cross: The average height at withers in adult males is 71 cm and of 66 cm in adult females. The average weight is approximately 68 kg in males and 54 kg in females.

    A large animal is valued, but this should not be more important than the general state of health, symmetry, strong structure and correct movement.



    Fouls:

    Any deviation from the aforementioned criteria is considered as a fault and the severity of this is considered to the degree of the deviation to the standard and its consequences on the health and well-being of the dog..

    • General appearance: very long limbs, lack of substance.
    • General structure of the bones: flojedad, fine bones.
    • Character: aggressiveness or shyness.
    • Narrow head.
    • Long or pointed snout.
    • Pronounced noses.
    • Round eyes, saltones, yellow, or with a pronounced third eyelid.
    • Convex back, float or concave.
    • Forelimbs: sunken metacarpus, crushed feet, fingers that turn inward or outward, absence of membrane between fingers.
    • Hind limbs: knee joint very straight, cow hocks, crowded limbs, feet twisted inward.
    • Short tail, long, doubled or bent.
    • Take short, quick steps, dragging the feet, obliquely displaced like a crab; tight and knitting motion, crossing the front limbs, with deviated feet in or out; high movement (hockney action); amble step.
    • Sparse hair; absence of inner layer of hair

    FALTAS DESCALIFICANTES:

    • Aggressiveness or extreme shyness.
    • Any dog โ€‹โ€‹showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities must be disqualified..
    • Upper or lower prognathism, arch of deviated incisors.
    • Short straight hair.
    • Marks of a color other than white on black or brown dogs.
    • Any color other than black or black and white or brown.


    N.B.:
    • Males should have two normal-appearing testicles fully descended into the scrotum..
    • Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with the typical conformation of the breed, should be used for parenting.

    TRANSLATION: IRIS Carrillo (Puerto Rico Kennel Federation).

    Source: F.C.I - International Cynological Federation

    Alternative names:

    1. Newfs, Newfies (English).
    2. Retriever de Terre-Neuve, Chien de Terre-neuve (French).
    3. Newfoundland (German).
    4. Cรฃo terra-nova (Portuguese).
    5. Perro de Terranova (espaรฑol).

    โ–ท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

    Yugoslavian Shepherd Dog Sharplanina
    Yugoslavia FCI 41 - Molossoid . Mountain

    Yugoslavian Shepherd Dog Sharplanina

    The Yugoslavian Shepherd Dog Sharplanina is a brave dog, quiet, safe and reserved with strangers.

    Content

    History

    As it is the case with many breeds, the true origins of this big guy are unknown, although there are theories that try to approach them. Some authors raised that their ancestors were the ancient molossians, especially dogs from Greece and livestock guarding dogs from Turkey.

    Other authors believe that the Yugoslavian Shepherd Dog Sharplanina, drift of Asian dogs that arrived in Europe accompanied by migration of peoples who were engaged in raising them. This theory is the most widely accepted today..

    The race was initially recognized by the Federation Cynologique Internationale (FCI) in 1939 under the name Illyrian Shepherd Dog, demonstrating the ancient name of the native region of these dogs.

    In 1957, at the request of the Yugoslav Canine Federation (JKS), the FCI changed the name to Yugoslav Shepherd Dog–Yugoslavian Shepherd Dog Sharplanina, because it is in the ล ar Mountains (ล ar Planina in South Slavic languages, is a mountain range located on the southern border of Serbia in the province of Kosovo and in the northwestern part of the Republic of Macedonia), where is concentrated the largest number of specimens of the breed.

    If there is something indisputable it is that the Yugoslavian Shepherd Dog Sharplanina, lives since ancient times in the mountainous regions of the former Yugoslavia, from where it has spread throughout the Balkan Peninsula and recently, beyond these borders.

    Escudo de DragasThe image of the Yugoslavian Shepherd Dog Sharplanina appears on the obverse of the coin 1 Denar, issued in the Republic of Macedonia in the year 1993, and is also the emblematic protagonist of the Dragaลก shield, a city in the South of Kosovo, which is located in the region of the ล ar Mountains.

    The Yugoslavian Shepherd Dog Sharplanina has reached the ranches of North America as an esteemed sheepdog and cattle guardian. Predator problems have been greatly diminished once a Yugoslavian Shepherd Dog Sharplanina , takes the responsibility of a herd. You are one of the few dogs that can chase away a wolf or bear.

    Physical characteristics

    The Yugoslavian Shepherd Dog Sharplanina, is a large size dog, It is quite above average when it comes to large breeds. It is also robust and equipped with a strong Constitution.

    The height males average is of 56 to 62 cm and females is of 54 to 58 cm.. The length of the body is slightly greater than the height at the withers.

    Although some authors speak of the existence of individuals whose actions were between 75 and 85 cm. of height and a weight of 65 to 100 kg.

    – The huge head is proportional to the body, It has the skull slightly convex and slightly longer than the muzzle.
    – The eyes of the Yugoslavian Shepherd Dog Sharplanina they are almond-shaped and chestnut-colored (light or dark), transmit an expression of serenity but the look is penetrating.
    – The ears they are medium-sized, flat and hang on the cheeks.
    – The tail It is long and Sabre-shaped, if it is in a state of alert, it carries it high, barely exceeding the line of the back.
    – The fur It is long in some parts of the body and short in others. In the head, the ears and the anterior part of the extremities, is short. The length of the neck, the body and the back of the limbs and tail, is long.
    – Regard to the the fur color, all uniform colors are supported but it is preferable to be gray iron and gray very dark. As well, at the top of the head, the neck and the trunk have darker hair.

    Character and skills

    The Yugoslavian Shepherd Dog Sharplanina it is silent, active and very protective, extremely bright, but very independent. It is an extremely good watchdog, and very reserved with strangers. The Yugoslavian Shepherd Dog Sharplanina they are calm sheepdogs, very smart, which is why, wisely, they choose their friends, trust no one too fast. They are naturally fearless defenders of the pack, as well as his master and his property, so everything he considers his property is jealously and unconditionally guarded. This is a dog with character and very dominant that requires work.. If we just want this dog to be a companion, constant professional education from an early age is essential.

    The animals that live with him on the farm will be under his protection and there is no need to fear for them.. But, does not tolerate strange and unknown animals, often aggressive, and the same problems can happen with smaller pets, that can be seen as prey.

    She will get along well with the children she will be together with from an early age, will be devoted and protective of them, and you may consider children you don't know as uninvited guests, so we must be very careful. You must be especially careful with younger children, since he will watch over them all the time due to the shepherd's instinct, but if the children want to get away, will drag them back, so you can injure them without realizing it.

    Observations

    Similar to the Caucasian Shepherd Dog –that is very much– has a temperament more characteristic of a guard dog than a herd dog.

    Let us not forget that this agility, He was selected to defend the herds of the attack of wolves that were previously very numerous in their homeland.
    It is necessary that the owner of this dog is a person responsible and very conscious of the copy that is in charge of, the Yugoslavian Shepherd Dog Sharplanina, It has a specially developed and powerful teeth, It can be a real danger if the dog is not given a correct and healthy education.

    Education "Chaplanina pastor dog"

    This is not a suitable dog for beginners. He is very suspicious and incorruptible. Usually, is completely loyal to a single owner. Education must be clear, consistent and should be carried out from the first meeting with the puppy. Early socialization is mandatory. With an inadequate education, this dog can become uncontrollable, very aggressive, dangerous even to the owner.

    Required activity

    These dogs really need a lot of exercise. If the dog goes to work on a farm, will meet your daily career needs while working, otherwise, need a longer walk or daily run.

    Suitable environment

    This is a dog suitable exclusively for outdoor life. You will feel better on a farm or in a larger rural fenced yard because you will be able to run freely and perform your primary role as a sheepdog..

    Care "Chaplanina Pastor Dog"

    Your care is not too demanding. Thick hair just needs brushing once in a while, once a week will be enough, except when you change your coat that more frequent brushing is recommended. As with other dogs, this breed also needs to clean their ears, eyes and shorten their claws.

    Health "Chaplanina pastor dog"

    No known genetic health problems, it is considered a relatively healthy breed. As with other large breeds, hip dysplasia can occur in this breed.

    Images "Chaplanina Pastor Dog"

    Videos "Chaplanina pastor dog"

    Type and recognitions:

    • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
    • Group :
    • Section : . .

    Federations:

    • – FCI – Pinscher and Schnauzer-Molossoid type dogs – Swiss Mountain Dogs and Cattledogs. Section 2.2 Molossoid, mountain type. โ“˜
    • – CKC – Miscellaneous list โ“˜
    • – UKC – Watchdog โ“˜

    FCI breed standard "Yugoslavian Shepherd Dog Sharplanina"

    Origin:
    Macedonia, Serbia, Montenegro

    Date of publication of the valid original standard:
    24/11/1970

    Use:

    ---



    General appearance:

    to) It is robust, of strong Constitution, well proportioned.
    Its size is above normal. Is covered in long hair, dense and quite thick, giving your body a more collected look. companies, possesses a calm temperament and good character: knows how to be a good defender without attacking. He is faithful to his master and incorruptible.

    b) Height to the cross: In the male, the average is 62 cm., and in the female it is 58 cm.. Large dogs are preferred.
    The dogs below 56 cm and bitches below 54 cm are excluded from reproduction. In working dogs the weight is 35 to 45 kg in males and 30 to 40 kg in females.

    c) body length: It is slightly greater than the height at the withers: of 8 to 10% from height to withers in dogs, and 10 to 12% in
    the bitches.



    Behavior / temperament:

    ---

    Head:

    Is provided to the body and measures about 25 cm., or a 40% the height at the withers. The skull is slightly longer than the muzzle, 58 and 42% respectively of the total length of the head. The female has a little longer snout (57 and 43%). The top of the skull is slightly convex and the profile of the nasal helm is straight. The lines of both profiles are convergent.

    Cranial region:
    • Skull: The cranial region is wide, with a medium marked Groove. Seen from side and from above is slightly convex and little bulky.
    • Depression links (stop) : It is little pronounced.

    facial region:

    • Snout: It is shorter than the skull. Wide and deep at the base, light and gradually are reduced. The nasal helm is straight and wide. The profile of the lower jaw begins with an arch and is confirmed by a straight line that diverges from the profile of the nasal bridge..
    • Truffle: Is wide and black.
    • Lips: They are moderately thick and stretched. The upper lip slightly exceeds the lower. The corners are well connected, and they are not never reversed.
    • Teeth: They are comprehensive and applied in scissor bite.
    • Eyes: Almond biscuits; or large, or sunk. Are dark or light brown, and calm expression, but penetrating and never afraid. Both the eyelids and visible mucous membranes are black.
    • Ears: Located at the level of the prolongation of an imaginary line that starts from the tip of the nose and passes through the inner corner of the corresponding eye, or below. They are hanging and fall glued along the cheeks. They are V-shaped and medium in length.; When stretched them slightly arriving to the inner corner of the eye. They are covered with short dense pile.

    Neck:

    The upper profile is slightly convex or straight at the top of the neck. The lower profile is straight. The neck is of medium length, but due to the long and bushy hair seems shorter. It is wide, deep and muscular, well attached to the head and body, no sharp demarcation. It is slightly elevated in relation to the dorsal line. Your skin is stretched and does not double chin. The hair is dense, long and rough, and arriving at the head it forms a sort of well marked necklace, which apparently increases the breadth and depth of this part of the head.

    Body:

    As a whole, the top line is horizontal, or slightly inclined starting from the cross to the rump. In dogs bred in the mountain, be tolerated that the height of the rump is just greater than the height at the withers, Although this is not desirable. The body is slightly longer than the height at the withers.

    • Cross: Slightly marked and wide. It is strongly attached to the neck and the demarcation is inconspicuous.
    • Back: Straight and wide; is not too long.
    • Pork loin: The lumbar region is shorter than, wide and well muscled.
    • Rump: Is medium length, oblique, wide and well muscled.
    • Breast : The chest is deep and medium length; along with the bottom edge reaches the elbow. The ribs are slightly arched. The chest is wide and muscled. Chest girth should be at least 20% greater than the height at the withers.
    • Belly: Built and muscular. Lower profile line rises slightly from front to back. The legs are fairly short. The depression of the rump is marked.
    • Tail: It is long and at least reaches the tip of the Hock. The top margin of the rump, that it does not have a sharp demarcation, extends to the margin of the tail. This is large at the base and gradually reduces towards its end. The hair of the tail is dense and its bottom edge is longer, forming bangs. The oxtail Sabre-shaped and when the dog is moving is raised. When the dog is in motion, the tail may be above the line of the back..

    Tail:

    It is long and reaches at least to the point of the hock. The top line of the croup, that it does not have a sharp demarcation, extends to the margin of the tail. This is large at the base and gradually reduces towards its extremity.. The hair on the tail is bushy and longer on its lower edge., forming bangs. The tail is shaped like a saber and when the dog is in motion it appears raised. When is the dog moving, tail can be found above backline.

    Tips

    Seen as a whole are well shaved and commensurate with the body. The height of the tip of the elbow is a 55% the height at the withers. The different parts of the limbs are in proportion to each other and to the rest of the body..

    • Shoulder: It is sufficiently long and wide and is well attached to the body. It is slightly oblique and forms an angle of 65ยฐ with the horizontal line..
    • Arm: It is more oblique than shoulder, forming an angle of 55ยฐ with the horizontal line. The angle of the elbow (humeral-radial angle), is 145ยฐ. The elbow is wide, It is well located and very little separated ribs.
    • Forearm: Is vertical, of bones, and well-developed musculature. It is long, and his back is covered with long hairs that are fringe.
    • Carpo: Width, thickness and presents a slight demarcation.
    • Metacarpus: It is wide, strong and slightly oblique.
    • Pies: Strong, oval-shaped, with fingers arched and well together. The nails are black and solid. Digital pads and Plantar are firm, though flexible. Are black or a dark pigmentation.

    HINDQUARTERS: Seen from the back, the position of the hind legs is uniform and slightly larger than the forelimbs. In profile, is also uniform, with the angles of the joints sufficiently closed.

    • Thigh: Muscled, strong and rounded. It is oblique, forming with the horizontal line an angle similar to that of the shoulder. The angle of the knee (stifle-tibial angle) It is a little more open than the scapular-humeral angle (around 125ยฐ). The knee is solid and wide.
    • Leg: It is oblique, strong, with a long enough musculature and well-marked bangs.
    • Hock: Wide and fairly open (an angle of about 130ยฐ).
    • Metatarsus: It is a bit less oblique to the Metacarpus. Rarely presents Spurs, But if this is low, they should be disposed.

    Movement:

    The step is long and agile. Preferred movement is the trot, high strides and medium length. During the Gallop motion is somewhat heavy, but long jumps well covering the field.

    Mantle

    SKIN: Is of medium thickness; elastic and well stretched on different parts of the body. There is no presence of dewlap. All visible mucous membranes are black, or a dark pigmentation.

    Fur: The head, the ears and the outer parts of the limbs are covered with short hairs. The neck, the body, later parts of the limbs and tail are covered with long hairs almost stretched and slightly thick. The inner layer of hair presents a short hair, finest, very thick and abundant. Dl hair is in the cross the length of 10 to 12 cm.; cannot be shorter than for 7 cm..

    Color: This is a dog of a single color. All the shades of colors are supported, from white, until dark brown, almost black. The most valued colors are greenish gray (grey iron), the dark grey. Piebald fur or white spots are not allowed. Pigmented dogs allow small white markings on the chest region and fingers, Although this is not desirable. The background color is more pronounced on the upper parts of the head in all pigmented dogs, the neck and trunk.

    On the lower parts of the body, There is a degradation of color, and the color is lighter in the lower parts of the extremities, arriving at the gray beige or dirty. In no case should these degradations appear well delimited, imparting a light marking or piebald appearance.



    Size and weight:

    ---



    Fouls:

    Any deviation from the above mentioned criteria is considered an absence and severity of this refers to the degree of deviation to the standard and its impact on the health and welfare of the dog.

    MINOR FAULTS

    • Insufficient breadth of the cranial region, and the slightly longer snout.
    • well developed jaws.
    • Length and depth of chest insufficient.
    • Too flat ribs, or too arched.
    • Pronounced aplomb defects.
    • A bit shorter hair, as long as the fringes are clearly visible.
    • White markings on the chest region and feet.
    • A slight reduction of the tail.
    • The foot of Hare, as well as other minor physical offenses.

    SERIOUS FAULTS

    • Too long snout, or too sharp.
    • High set ears, or they deviate from the head (they are not enough stuck to the cheeks).
    • Bite in the form of iron.
    • Sunken back.
    • Tail that falls to the side.
    • Lymphatic Constitution, as well as other serious physical offenses.

    MISS PLAYOFFS

    • Aggressive or fearful dog.
    • Absence of premolars.
    • A difference marked between body length and the height at the withers.
    • Insufficient Withers height.
    • The lower hair length to 7 cm..
    • Large white markings (piebald fur), stripes (atigrados), depigmentation of the visible mucous membranes and eyes.
    • Signs of degeneration (braquignatismo or prognathism, short birth tail, or lack thereof, too depressed back, and other signs of degeneration.
    • Any dog โ€‹โ€‹showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities must be disqualified..


    N.B.:

    โ€ข Males must have two normal-appearing testicles fully descended into the scrotum..
    โ€ข Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with the typical conformation of the breed, should be used for parenting.

    Source: F.C.I - International Cynological Federation

    Alternative names:

    1. Illyrian Shepherd Dog, ล arplaninac (English).
    2. berger yougoslave, charplanina, charplaninatz berger albanais, sarplaninac (French).
    3. ล arplaninac, Jugoslovenski Ovฤarski Pas โ€“ ล arplaninac, Jugoslawischer Hirtenhund โ€“ ล arplaninac, Illyrischer Schรคferhund (German).
    4. ล arplaninac, Charplaninatz, Sarplaninac (Portuguese).
    5. Charplaninatz, Perro ovejero ilirio, Perro pastor ilirio, Perro montaรฑรฉs de Serbia, Perro pastor de Serbia, Perro montaรฑรฉs macedonio, Perro pastor macedonio, ล ar Planinac (o ล ar Planinec), Perro pastor yugoslavo, Perro montaรฑรฉs yugoslavo (espaรฑol).

    โ–ท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

    Majorca Mastiff (Majorcan mastiff dog)
    Espaรฑa FCI 249 - Molossoid - Dogo

    The Majorca Mastiff is a gentle dog, extremely affectionate with their owners, faithful to his master

    Ca de Bou

    Content

    Characteristics "Majorca Mastiff (Majorcan mastiff dog)"

    Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "Majorca Mastiff (Majorcan mastiff dog)" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

    Adaptation โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    friendly dog โ€‹โ€‹โ“˜

    2,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    hair loss โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Affection level โ“˜

    2,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Need for exercise โ“˜

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Social need โ“˜

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    Home โ“˜

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    Toilet โ“˜

    2,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Friendly with strangers โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    barking โ“˜

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    Health โ“˜

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    Territorial โ“˜

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    Cat friendly โ“˜

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    Intelligence โ“˜

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    Versatility โ“˜

    3,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Child friendly โ“˜

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    Surveillance โ“˜

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    joy โ“˜

    4,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    History

    The Majorcan mastiff dog, also known as Majorca Mastiff in Catalan or Perro de presa mallorquรญn in Spanish, is a fairly old dog whose history remains unclear.

    It is believed to have originated from a number of races, especially the Spanish Mastiff and the Alano, that crossed over the centuries.

    The result of these crosses came to Mallorca in the thirteenth century, specifically in 1229, during the conquest of the island by King James I of Aragon. Some of these dogs remained there and were bred with local dogs.. The resulting individuals turned out to be much less sensitive to heat and adapted very well to local conditions. They began to be used by the local population to monitor houses and livestock.

    It was also in the thirteenth century when the butchers of the island found in the dog an assistant for his ability to control livestock, especially bulls, before and during their sacrifice. In fact, his powerful jaw made him able to keep them immobile by holding them firmly by the nose.

    At the same time, it was also used by the Knights of Malta in battle and to guard the camps. It also, he was unrivaled in his ability to breach enemy camps, which greatly facilitated the assaults.

    In 1713 the Treaties of Utrecht are ratified, which put the island of Mallorca under British rule. The English then introduced their own guard and fighting dogs in the Balearic Islands. Mallorcan dogs were bred with the Bulldog, and the result of these crossings was called "Ca de Bou", which is a translation of the English word ยซBulldogยป ("bull" means bull) in Catalan. This name reflects the main use given to it. In fact, at the beginning of the 18th century, the bull-baiting, show in which a pack of dogs had to kill a bull, it was widespread and very popular in England, and the English did not stop importing it to Mallorca.

    The Majorca Mastiff they also began to hunt wild boar and deer. It was also used for many years as a watchdog on ships, especially in case of pirate attacks, and sometimes you ate when there was nothing to eat.

    Following the ban on bull hunting in 1835, was limited to two main functions: watchdog and hunter.

    An eventful twentieth century

    In the early 20th century, the Majorcan mastiff dog became better known. The first written record of the breed dates from 1907.

    In 1923, the first representative of the breed was inscribed in the Spanish studbook. One year later, in Barcelona, made his first appearance at a dog show.

    But, its development was greatly hampered by the famines of the decades of 1920 and 1930. Then, like many other breeds, was affected by World War II. Its population declined considerably throughout the period.

    However, in 1946 a breed standard was developed, but it was not recognized by the International Cynological Federation (FCI) until about twenty years later, in 1963. But, by then there were probably no more left Majorca Mastiff pure. It also, the interest of breeders and individuals had largely shifted to other breeds that were expanding rapidly at the time, as the Great Dane, the German Shepherd and the Rottweiler.

    In the Decade of 1980, the Majorca Mastiff, as it was known after the war, actually ceased to exist, especially due to the numerous crosses with Mallorcan sheepdogs (Ca de Bestiar). The latter came from the same region as the Majorca Mastiff and they brought their brindle coat. But, these unions substantially modified the characteristics of the Majorca Mastiff, so that it gradually moved away from the description given in the official standard.

    But, passionate and determined breeders tried to save the breed and ensure that it kept the characteristics as close as possible to the registered standard. They set out to find individuals as close as possible to their ancestors. Two specimens called Tito and Anastasia (father and daughter, respectively), who were the first individuals considered sufficiently similar to the Majorca Mastiff of yesteryear. Its union and crossing with other crossed dogs on the island helped to resurrect the breed from a solid base. But, the number of breeders is still very low and the breed remains confidential. The specimens obtained did not leave the island and were reserved for the national market., where they were highly coveted for dogfighting.

    In 1992 dogfighting was banned in the Balearic Islands, and it was then that the breed began to be exported slowly. The opening to the international market also allowed the introduction of new breeders in the lines, in order to expand the genetic heritage of the breed; they were both subjects of unknown origin with physical traits similar to the race, as hybrids of Majorcan mastiff dog.

    These exports gave rise to numerous hatcheries in a wide variety of countries., where the Majorca Mastiff It is used both as a companion dog and as a guard dog.. In fact, it can be said that it was the export of the breed that almost saved it, since in Mallorca itself it is now only present in very limited numbers.

    The recognition and popularity of the โ€œMajorcan Bulldog Dogโ€

    In the last decades, the reputation of the Majorcan mastiff dog has increased and their number has grown in many countries, but there is still a long way to go. In fact, its recognition by the main canine organizations in the world is still very partial, which obviously limits its visibility and dissemination.

    In France, in the first decade of the twenty-first century, went from a handful of records a year to about fifty, and then the number skyrocketed in a few years, until exceeding 200 annual births in 2014. Since then, has hovered around this value.

    Further east, countries such as Poland and Russia have welcomed a good number of representatives of the breed since the beginning of its international spread. Some even claim that over the years 90 there were more than 2.000 Majorca Mastiff only in the city of Moscow. This is likely to be unfounded, but the fact is that it was quickly appreciated there, and still appreciated.

    It is also especially popular in Puerto Rico, where there is a prestigious locally developed lineage, which was created from the Spanish champion Chimo and other quality specimens that were sent there.

    There are also several representatives of the breed in Holland, Denmark, Finland and Sweden. But, this is still quite embryonic, as evidenced by the low number of breedings in these countries.

    In United States, the Majorcan mastiff dog It was recognized in 2006 by the United Kennel Club (UKC). But, the other reference organization in the country, the American Kennel Club (AKC), has not yet taken the step. Further north, the Canadian Kennel Club (CKC) he doesn't recognize it either. In fact, in North America, both the reputation of the breed and its diffusion are still very low.

    In the United Kingdom, where it was introduced in 2001, it is also not recognized by the prestigious Kennel Club (KC).

    In Spain, not only on the island of Mallorca the Majorca Mastiff is discreet. In fact, the Royal Canine Society of Spain (RSCE), the main canine organization in the country, received less than 50 enrollment requests per year to mid-year 2010, figure that was even reduced to less than 20 at the end of the decade.

    Physical characteristics

    He has a bulky head, solid and the skull is wide. The eyes are oval and somewhat oblique; in the color, the more dark best. The ears are short and played backwards. The body is a massif with included belly. The forelimbs are strong and the tail reaches to the Hock. The coat is short and rough.

    The favorite colors in your order are: the striped, the Fawn and black. In the striped prefer the dark tones in the leonados the intense nuances. The white spots are admitted in the previous members, chest and tolerated up to a maximum of 30 % the surface of the body. The black mask is also supported.

    The Ca de Bou or Majorcan Dogo, It is a dog reserved and suspicious with strangers. It has an extraordinary adaptation, but it is not a dog to place in any hand. Their education and socialization should be initiated as soon as possible because the breed is naturally dominant.

    The care of the fur is a simple weekly brushing and a regular cleaning of the ears and eyes. It is a rustic dog that adapts well to changes in temperature and withstands inclement weather well..

    Character and skills

    Although the Majorca Mastiff it has been used in its history for quite violent tasks, like bull hunting, the slaughter of bulls or the fighting of dogs, he is surprisingly very affectionate and has an excellent temperament. In fact, tends to create a very strong bond with his family.

    They will do anything to protect their family and are very good watchdogs.. In fact, has a strong protective instinct and is very suspicious of strangers. But, although it can be impressive and dissuasive when needed, he only shows aggression when he feels his family is in danger. On the other hand, when dealing with people you don't know, he is always cautious, but he refers to his teacher to determine whether or not they are to be trusted. If the landlord invites someone you don't know to the house, will normally keep distance, but will not intervene in an untimely or even aggressive way. However, good socialization is necessary from an early age to avoid excessive distrust of all strangers.

    Fits well with children, with whom he is patient and kind. He is even-tempered and likes spending time playing with them as much as being quiet on the couch. But, as with any dog รขโ‚ฌโ€นรขโ‚ฌโ€นof any breed, should never be left alone with a young child without adult supervision. This is especially true because it is relatively heavy and can easily push or knock over a young child..

    On the other hand, the Majorca Mastiff tends to get along very well with other dogs, both with those who share their home and with those who are on a walk. But, if the dog is a male and is in the presence of another male with a dominant temperament, a rivalry relationship may develop. So, it is better to avoid this type of coexistence and to take precautions to avoid any fight when you meet other dogs, in particular doing gradual introductions.

    As they don't have a strong hunting instinct, his relationships with small animals, as cats, rodents or birds, they are usually quiet. If you have to live with them on a daily basis, the ideal is to present them as soon as possible, but his great sociability makes it possible to integrate newcomers into his house even if he has always been the only animal.

    Perhaps because it has been used to being used in so many ways and in so many different environments throughout its history., the Majorcan mastiff dog is generally very adaptable, so much so that it is possible that he lives in a flat. But, for your well-being, it is better that I live in a house with a garden, since he likes to run and exercise a lot. To feel good on its legs and on its head, usually needs an hour of activity a day, which can consist of walks or games in the garden. In any case, long daily outings are essential if you don't have access to a garden. They are always happy to accompany their owners on walks, and are well suited to active and sporty families. An elderly or very sedentary person, on the other hand, may not satisfy your need for activity and would be better off with another breed.

    In addition to participating in the activities of their owners, can, of course, distinguish yourself in various dog sports such as agility, el cane-cross, The tracking, the RCI or the ring. It can even be made to pull a light trolley that the children sit in..

    In any case, considering his past as a working dog, to the Majorca Mastiff he likes to be assigned tasks. These may include, takes his role as guardian very seriously: although it is not necessarily obvious at first glance, always watch out for the slightest noise or movement, and shows great reactivity. In general, Giving him chores to do and keeping him busy is the best way to ensure he thrives..

    Once you are in your right mind, the Majorcan mastiff dog it is quiet and very quiet. He is not one of those who annoys the neighbors, he just barks in his role as guardian, that is to say, when a stranger enters your territory and tries to show you that you better leave.

    Nor is he one of those who let themselves be heard when their owners are not: although he especially likes to be in contact with them, knows how to stay alone without suffering separation anxiety.

    In summary, as long as he is well socialized and educated, and as long as you have enough opportunities to exercise, the Majorcan mastiff dog it is a fairly easy dog รขโ‚ฌโ€นรขโ‚ฌโ€นto carry. It is even an ideal breed choice for those who wish to acquire their first Molossian type dog., since it does not constitute a danger for his family and he is also very sociable with other animals in general.

    But, this is only possible if the dog's place in the family hierarchy is perfectly clear and, Therefore, if he has a master who knows from the beginning how to position himself as a leader and how to be strict when necessary. Although the Majorca Mastiff it is quite easy to train and handle compared to other similar breeds, still a giant, so it is better that it is in the hands of a person who already has some experience in dog training.

    Education

    The Majorcan mastiff dog is an independent and determined thinker. So, can be very overbearing if not confronted by an experienced dog training person, who knows how to show both firmness and consistency to behave as a leader and make his dog understand who is the master.

    So, your education should start at an early age, when it is still more impressionable, to lay the foundations on which the coexistence will be based throughout his life. As such, you have to be firm, but also soft, at the risk of antagonizing him or damaging the quality of his relationship with his owners.

    The latter must also show some coherence: the rules should not only be fixed in time, but also from one person to another, that is to say, everyone should be in phase on what the dog is or is not entitled to do. The dog did not understand why one person allowed him to get on the sofa when another had strictly prohibited it the previous time.

    As long as these conditions are met throughout the education of the Majorcan mastiff dog, things are going well; it is easy to carry and learns quickly.

    This is even more true if your teacher is in charge of organizing small training sessions and asking you to do various things.. In this way, stays focused all the time, instead of boring you and losing your attention with long and repetitive sessions.

    Learning is also easier and more enjoyable for everyone when the owner opts for methods based on positive reinforcement., that is to say, rewarding (with a word of encouragement, a caress, a treat…) good behavior and ignoring bad. In fact, punishment-based techniques quickly frustrate the dog, and an operation based on the constraint, although it may work in the short term, usually limits the prospects for evolution, or even counterproductive - or even dangerous- long-term. The Majorca Mastiff he is not one of those who turn against his master, but if he is brutal with him and uses bad methods, You may end up responding to what you perceive as assault with an equally violent reaction.

    Last, all dogs benefit from being socialized as soon as possible, but this is especially true for the Majorcan mastiff dog. In fact, his developed instinct for protection generally leads him to distrust strangers and, Therefore, to be especially reserved with them. Not the type to get unnecessarily aggressive towards them, but it is preferable to ensure that you do not show an excessive reserve every time a visitor arrives at your house. As such, nothing like making him meet a wide range of people in all kinds of situations from his first months, so that little by little you will better accept the confrontation with strangers. The same goes for exposure to other dogs and animals of all kinds, as well as to all kinds of environments and stimuli (noises, smells, etc.). The sooner and more intensely a dog is socialized, the easier it will be for you to move around in the human world, whatever the circumstances.

    Health

    The Majorcan mastiff dog generally in very good health and predisposed to few problems., it is a very resistant dog in general.

    This also applies to temperatures., used to the quite hot climate of the island of Mallorca, it is very resistant to high temperatures., not very sensitive to cold either, although this is really not a common thing in his homeland.

    Among the diseases to which you are particularly predisposed, we can mention: brachycephalic syndrome, which affects dog breeds with flattened nose and short nose. In effect, This anatomical peculiarity notably translates into narrow nostrils and an excessively narrow nasal cavity, which implies respiratory failure, manifested especially during physical exertion and / or in case of strong heat. It can also be the cause of various digestive problems (vomiting, etc.). If the most serious cases must be treated by means of a surgical act to increase the respiratory capacity of the animal, most of those affected live in a more or less normal way as soon as their owner saves them from too intense physical effort (above all, especially when it's hot or humid) and carefully monitor your diet to avoid being overweight (a problem the breed is not particularly prone to).French Bulldog or the Pug;

    • The Hip Dysplasia, joint malformation in which the femur is not correctly positioned in the pelvic cavity of the hip joint, causing pain and lameness, as well as osteoarthritis as we age. Is problem, whose appearance is often favored by a hereditary predisposition, can be treated or alleviated by surgical intervention;
    • The dilation-torsion of the stomach, a problem that particularly affects medium-large dogs. It can happen especially when the animal ingests large amounts of food too quickly. It consists of sudden and excessive swelling of the stomach, that folds on itself;this blocks the evacuation of gases and interrupts blood circulation. Without prompt medical intervention, dog death occurs quickly;
    • The entropion, where the lid of one eye turns inward in contact with the eyeball. This problem can be inherited and causes severe irritation to the eye.. It is quite possible to remedy this by surgery;
    • The ectropion, corresponding to a curl defect of the lower eyelid. Then, the eye is no longer adequately protected, causing more or less severe irritation and conjunctivitis. Once again, this condition can be inherited and can be cured with surgery.

    Although the breed is not predisposed to a large number of diseases, it is important to go to a breeder of Majorcan mastiff dog serious and competent. In effect, this allows the adopted puppy to have benefited from a good living environment and good socialization from its first weeks, but also and above all to maximize the chances that you enjoy good health and the rest. In fact, a serious breeder avoids breeding a dog with a hereditary defect such as Hip Dysplasia., because there would be a significant risk of transmission to young people. If you do not present them spontaneously, as should be the case, you should be asked for the results of the corresponding tests carried out on the parents or the puppy.

    You must also always be able to provide a certificate of good health of the puppy prepared by a veterinarian, as well as a health or vaccination record, that proves that the child has received all the necessary vaccines. Once the animal has returned to its new home, should never be forgotten, during the following months, that is still growing and, therefore, particularly fragile. Thus, until I am about a year and a half, it is important to avoid any physical exercise that is too intense or too long, otherwise your joints or bones could suffer seriously. Or even end up presenting developmental defects that can incapacitate him throughout his life. This is all the more true as Majorca Mastiff is predisposed to Hip Dysplasia.

    Last, even once this growth period has passed and the animal has become an adult, it is important to always pay attention to your health. As such, nothing substitutes for a complete check-up at a vet at least once a year, to ensure that no problem appears that cannot be detected by an inexperienced person. These regular appointments also offer the opportunity to be reminded of your vaccinations., so you never stop being protected. It should also be used against internal and external parasites, so it is up to your teacher to renew your antiparasitic treatments whenever necessary, throughout the year.

    Life expectancy

    11 years

    Grooming

    The Majorca Mastiff it is an easy breed to care for, and this is especially true for their fur. A weekly brushing is more than enough to keep it in good condition. But, not so during moulting periods, in spring and autumn: much more must be done each day, to allow good removal of dead hairs.

    It also, as it is not dirty or smells bad, rarely need a bath. Unless it was especially dirty during an outing or in contact with toxic material, do it 2 or 3 times a year is more than enough. It may also be wise to do this at the same time as your seasonal shedding to save time during these periods., since it removes a good amount of dead hair. In any case, always use a shampoo specially developed for dogs, since the pH of your skin is different from that of human skin.

    It also, although their ears are not especially prone to infection, they should be checked and cleaned once a week to prevent dirt or moisture from accumulating that could cause infection.
    Your eyes are also not immune to infection, so you also have to check and clean them weekly to prevent dirt from accumulating.

    Brushing your dog's teeth is also a good habit that should be established at least once a week, making sure to use a dog-specific toothpaste each time. This helps prevent plaque formation., which can cause serious health problems when it turns into tartar. If possible, it is advisable to opt for an even higher frequency, even daily.

    As for the claws, this adaptable dog wears them down to a greater or lesser extent, according to the activity level of your family and your living environment. A dog that walks and spends a lot of time a day does not need to have its nails trimmed manually, since they file themselves, especially if it is on a hard surface like asphalt. But, if the dog lives in a flat and is not very active, it needs to be trimmed regularly. Too long claws can be very annoying for the dog, especially when traveling. It also, if they break, they can hurt the dog. In fact, as soon as the friction with the hard ground is heard, they have become too long and have to be cut.

    Whether the fur, the ears, the eyes, teeth or claws, grooming your dog requires a minimum of precision and vigilance. If you don't, not only can you fail in grooming your dog, but it can hurt you, or even injure it. So, the first time it is best to seek the advice of a veterinarian or professional dog groomer, and learn from him how to take care of his Majorca Mastiff.

    The sooner you train your dog, the better it will be for the rest of your life.

    Food

    Feeding a Majorcan mastiff dog it is not an arduous task: is perfectly fine with a balanced, quality industrial diet. Homemade rations are another perfectly adequate option, as long as they are well composed and, Therefore, are able to meet your nutritional needs. As such, should consist mainly of meat, but they can also contain large bones, remains, vegetables and rice.

    In any case, the amount given must be consistent with his age, your health and the amount of physical exercise you get on a daily basis.

    It also, the fact that it is prone to dilation-torsion of the stomach means that some precautionary rules should be observed when feeding the Majorcan mastiff dog. So, it is essential to divide your daily ration into at least two meals, and that these be taken in stride. It also, should not be preceded or followed by any intense or prolonged activity for an hour.

    Although this breed is not very prone to obesity, it is important to regularly monitor the dog's weight. In fact, no one is immune to sudden and significant weight gain, especially after sterilization. Weighing your dog about once a month will allow you to quickly spot any unexplained deviations, so that you can take your dog to the vet if the deviation is confirmed or even increased during the following measurements. In fact, only a health professional can make a reliable diagnosis and indicate how to remedy the problem, because diet and lack of activity are not the only possible causes of being overweight: it can also be caused by illness or a reaction to treatment.

    Last, like all dogs, the Majorca Mastiff a bowl of clean, fresh water should always be available to you.

    Price

    The Majorcan mastiff dog can be found at various prices. In all cases, the latter depend, in particular, of the reputation of the kennel, from the line the pup came from, but also of its intrinsic qualities, in particular of their physical qualities, especially of its greater or lesser conformity and its color.

    In fact, the brindle color is the most sought after in this breed, what can explain the price differences, sometimes substantial, even within the same litter.

    In Spain, the average price of a companion puppy is around 700 EUR. Obviously, like in other places, can be much higher for the best subjects. Those sold with a confirmation guarantee, whose attributes will allow them to be exhibited in dog shows or used as breeders, can reach much higher sums, up to several thousand euros.

    Majorca Mastiff Images

    Videos Ca de Bou

    Type and recognitions:

    • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
    • Group :
    • Section : . .

    Federations:

    FCI โ“˜, UKC โ“˜

    FCI breed standard "Majorca Mastiff (Majorcan mastiff dog)"

    Origin:
    Spain

    Date of publication of the valid original standard:
    11.12.1996

    Use:

    Guard and defense dog



    General appearance:

    Race typically molosoid, slightly elongated, strong and powerful. Medium rise, with marked sexual differentiation in cranial volume, higher in the male than in the female.



    Behavior / temperament:

    Quiet nature, that demonstrates bravery and courage, being sociable to the humane treatment and faithful and grateful to its owner. In the work of guard and defense, acts as an unbeatable guardian. At rest he appears confident and self-assured.; being alert, his gaze is penetrating.

    Head:

    Strong, solid

    Cranial region:
    • Skull: Grand, width, tending towards the square, with a larger perimeter than the size at the withers, essentially in males. Wide front and flat, with well-marked front Groove; front, skull shape belies the occipital. The upper line of the skull and the supranasal line are almost parallel, with slight convergence.
    • Depression links (Stop): Profile, well marked and outstanding. Head on, perceptible only by the superciliary arches that delimit a clear frontal furrow.

    facial region:

    Very strong and prominent jaw muscles, developed up to the average level of eyes, and although it has some wrinkles on the sides of the masseter, It can be said that, in general, of the head do not skin wrinkles.

    • Truffle: Black and wide. Between the Windows you have well defined filter.
    • Snout: Born from the inner corner of the eyes, wide, tapered, Recalling a truncated cone of base profile broadband; with straight and slightly ascending supranasal line. The length of the muzzle must be in relationship 1/3 with respect to the head.
    • Lips: Upper lips are superimposed on the lower half of the snout, where it appears the labial commissure. The top is rather picked, While the lower retracting at its Center, and no they highlight is the lips when the mouth is closed. Oral cavity with marked striae and black gum edges, the rest of your mouth Red.
    • Jaws / Teeth: Powerful JAWS with well aligned incisors, Canine something separate, White complete teeth and strong with bite prognata; without being excessive this lower prognathism, It should be a maximum of one centimeter. They shall never see teeth with mouth closed.
    • Eyes: Large, oval, with opening wide, steep and somewhat oblique, color as dark as possible relative to the layer, without let see the conjunctiva; seen from the front can't see white ; situated low and far apart.
    • Ears: High and lateral deployment, rather small and pitches back and curved, showing the ear ; the guy named rosa. At rest the end of the ear lies at a level below the eye.

    Neck:

    Strong, thickness and provided, at his birth he has a similar to the diameter of the head width ; well linked with the cross. Something loose skin, being a thin dewlap permitted.

    Body:

    • Kidneys and flanks: Short, relatively narrow and forming an arch pronounced to the rump.
    • Rump: Approximately from 1 to 2 cm taller than the cross, inclined at about 30ยฐ from the horizontal, somewhat narrower than the thorax.
    • Chest: Rib something cylindrical, deep up to the height of the elbows, width to the height of the cross, due to the separation of the shoulder blades.
    • Lower profile: Parallel to the ground chest, Belly gently up and collected, never agalgado.

    Tail:

    Implemented low, thick at its root, it thins to its end that reaches the hock, and finished in tip; during rest falls naturally, while in action it arches slightly and is arranged at the level of the dorsal line.

    Tips

    PREVIOUS MEMBERS:

    • Shoulder: Moderately short, some prominent and slightly oblique.
    • Arms: Straight, plumb and separated from each other.
    • Elbows: Separated due to the breadth of chest, but never open.
    • forearms: Well muscled, straight and thick bones.
    • Previous feet: Strong, with fat fingers, slightly round and well United; lightly pigmented pads.

    LATER MEMBERS: Muscled, longer than the previous ones.

    • Thighs: Long ; natural joints.
    • Hocks: Short, straight and strong. Undesirable Spurs.
    • Hind feet: Strong, with fat fingers longer than the previous toes, presenting its oval shaped joint; preferably pigmented pads.

    Movement:

    The typical gait of the breed is the trot.

    Mantle

    Rather thick, firmly attached to the body, except in the neck, It can form slight double chin.



    COAT

    • HAIR: Short and rough to the touch.
    • COLOR: Striped, black & Fawn, desirable in this order. For the atigrados dark tones are preferable; tawny in intense colors.

    white spots are allowed in forefeet, chest and muzzle, up to a maximum total of a 30%. Also supports the black mask.



    Size and weight:

    Height to the cross:

    • Males of 55 to 58 cm.
    • females of 52 to 55 cm..

    Weight:

    • In males ranges from the 35 to 38 kg
    • In females ranges from the 30 to 34 kg.


    Fouls:

    Any deviation from the aforementioned criteria is considered as a fault and the severity of this is considered to the degree of the deviation to the standard and its consequences on the health and well-being of the dog..



    SERIOUS FAULTS

    • Individuals whose height at the withers is higher than the rump.
    • Inferior prognathism that is greater than one centimeter.
    • Scissor bite, or clip.
    • Lack of two premolars.
    • Individuals who do not have ears in pink, This is glued together and flat ears to the face ; and with ears erect on its base, still being in pink in its final third.
    • Queue type bulldog.
    • Any other fault that its gravity apart from the standard.

    MISS PLAYOFFS

    • Aggressive or fearful dog.
    • Upper prognathism.
    • Eyes clear and yellow.
    • Amputated ears or tail.
    • White color more of 30% in parts of the body that are not above feet, chest and muzzle.
    • Any other colouring stains.

    INDICATIVE MEASUREMENTS IN A STANDARD DOG

    • Weight 36 kg
    • Height at Croup 58 cm.
    • Height in cross 56 cm.
    • Chest perimeter 78 cm.
    • Head circumference 59,5 cm.
    • Distance occipital to the birth of the tail 73 cm.
    • Distance of the occipital to snout 22 cm.
    • Distance from the muzzle to the frontal trough 8 cm.

    Any dog โ€‹โ€‹showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities must be disqualified..



    N.B.:

    Males should have two normal-appearing testicles fully descended into the scrotum..

    Source: F.C.I - International Cynological Federation

    Alternative names:

    1. Mallorquin Mastiff, Mallorquin Bulldog, Silverback (English).
    2. Dogue de Majorque (French).
    3. Ca de Bou (German).
    4. Ca de bou, Dogo maiorquino (Portuguese).
    5. Dogo mallorquรญn, perro de presa mallorquรญn, Presa mallorquรญn (espaรฑol).

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    Japรณn FCI 260 - Molossoid - Dogo

    Tosa Inu

    The Tosa is quiet, serene, dignified and extraordinarily peaceful.

    Content

    History

    The Tosa It is a breed of dog originating in Japan. Molosser imposing aspect, It is one of the favorite breeds for the lovers of dogs large size around the world. The breed emerged in the mid-19th century, When crossing various European breeds of large size (Great Dane, Mastiff, St. Bernard, Bulldog, German Shorthaired) with the indigenous Shikoku.

    In Spain is regarded as a potentially dangerous breed of dogs by Royal Decree, by which to his possession must obtain the licence for possession of dangerous dogs and register it in the corresponding Municipal registry of potentially dangerous animals. One of the things that are required for this license is insurance of civil liability to third parties.

    The Tosa varies considerably in size. Japan-bred specimens tend to have half the size of the specimens bred in the rest of the world. Japanese copies are usually weigh between 35 and 55 kg, While exemplary foreigners have a weight which varies between the 60 and 100 kg. The mantle is characterized by short and smooth appearance and is often red, striped or brown clear. The maintenance of its fur is minimal.

    This breed originated in the second half of the 19th century. The race started from the natives – Shikoku, an indigenous dog. It weighs some 25 kg and stand about 55 inches tall, that it resembles the European Spitz. These dogs were crossed with dogs of European races, as the Old English Bulldog in 1872, Mastiff, in 1874, St. Bernard, German pointer in 1876, Great Dane, in 1924, and the Bull Terrier. The goal was to raise a bigger dog, more powerful.

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    โ–ท The world of Pets: Dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, amphibians

    Cane Corso
    Italia FCI 343 - Molossoid - Dogo

    The Cane Corso It is a versatile and balanced dog that can adapt to all.

    Cane Corso

    Content

    Characteristics "Cane Corso"

    Coexistence is important that you have with your new friend. Before considering the acquisition of a dog of the breed "Cane Corso" you know certain factors. Not all breeds of dogs are apt to live in an apartment, you must take into account his character, their need for exercise, their interaction with other pets, their care and if you have small children, their level of tolerance towards them.

    Adaptation โ“˜

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    friendly dog โ€‹โ€‹โ“˜

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    hair loss โ“˜

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    Affection level โ“˜

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    Need for exercise โ“˜

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    Social need โ“˜

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    Home โ“˜

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    Toilet โ“˜

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    Friendly with strangers โ“˜

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    barking โ“˜

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    Health โ“˜

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    Territorial โ“˜

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    Cat friendly โ“˜

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    Intelligence โ“˜

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    Versatility โ“˜

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    Child friendly โ“˜

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    Surveillance โ“˜

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    joy โ“˜

    5,0 of 5 stars (based on 1 review)

    History

    Something small and elegant that the Neapolitan mastiff, the Cane Corso (or Italian mastiff) It was used in the past not only as Cattle dog but also in wild boar hunting, and as dog escort on long journeys of traders and, even, as a grip of Bull Dog. It was widespread throughout the southern Italian region and even more so in Calabria, Lucannia, Pugglia, and Sannia, until end interrelating so with history, the tradition, and local legends that, in the Royal Lottery game, the Corsican was assigned the number 22.

    Both fierce and determined appearance, as its imposing structure of all the molossians, They seem to be on the agenda of its name, therefore means powerful Corso, robust, strong, and these are, without a doubt, its main characteristics.

    Others attribute the etymological origin of the word to the Latin "cohors" or senior guardian of the body or to the Greek "kortos.", referring to the fact that he kept and watch people and animals during periods of transhumance. Finally, others see the name associated with the island of Corsica. The truth is that outside of Italy very little is known about the Cane Corso and that even in its country of origin, for years, the race has remained forgotten and ignored. He took that in 1973 Professor Giovanni Bonatti referred to the presence in the province of Puglia of a "short-haired Molosser dog, different from the Neapolitan mastiff, similar to the Bullmastiff and similar to the dog's Mallorquin Damยป so that a group of enthusiasts got to work and tried to recover it and make it known inside and outside the country.

    In fact its official recognition from the ENCI (Ente Nazionale di Cinophilia Italian) has only taken place in January of 1994, Once the table of work of the societร ย  Amatoria Cane Corso (SACC) provide sufficient documentation, photos, data and a large group of typical specimens to defend its existence and ancient origin.

    It is almost always difficult to make History of the history of a dog breed, but in the case of the Cane Corso there was enough documentation that revealed its presence since ancient times in the southern part of what is now Italy. Certainly had to be traced back to many centuries ago, Learn about the legends of the inhabitants of the Mezzogiorno, investigate its folklore and more ingrained traditions, Learn about its history, the superstitions of an entire people, but, finally, After many years of intense and arduous research, Professor Fernando Casolino, of the SACC, He managed to gather enough data to this impressive animal because they have been many, many written and pictorial references that have been found about this dog. It should be noted some dating as far back as the 15th and 16th centuries, such is the case of the burlesque poems written in Italian mixed with Latin by the Benedictine friar Folengo or the quotes in the ยซOf Quadrupelibusยซ, the renowned physician and naturalist Gessner, known as the "German Pliny", without forgetting the very detailed description of the illustrious Valvassone, which evidenced his power and the strength of his jaws in the "Poem of the Head".

    In the 18th century, the count of Leclerc, Georges Buffon, He mentioned him in his "Natural History" as did Oronzio Costa in his treatise on "The fauna of the Kingdom of Naples.", published in 1839. Thirty years later Palumbo also wrote about our protagonist in his "Catalog of Sicilian Mammals".

    Quotations continued to be frequent and already in 1900 Spalikowski mentioned him in his work ยซEvolution of the dog in the human societyยซ, of essential reading for all lovers of dogs; much closer in time are the articles and works published by Fiorenzo Fiorone, Danilo Mainardi, Bonatti Mizzoli and how does not, my good friend Mario Perricone, who in the "Great Encyclopedia of the Dog" published by Agostino in 1987, He wrote widely on race, in which the most important monographic article on the Cane Corso is considered. Recently De Prisco and Johnson also mention him in the "Canine Lexicon" referring to him as "a recreation of the ancient Cane of Marcellaio.", under the heading of โ€œSicilian Branchieroโ€, explaining that it existed exclusively in Sicily and that it was known for its particular way of moving in front of the herd, so according to the authors it could even be related to the German bullenbeiser and that "on the island it functioned as a butcher's dog and a herd driver with unique abilities" that, At one time "he was able to participate in bullfights just as other butcher dogs did on the Continent".

    Priscus and Johson they also claim that in the eighties they arrived to the United States.UU. the first puppies imported by a Sicilian farmer who died soon after and which constitute the scant breeding base in that country.

    They have been missing many years of work and staff of a few efforts to again talk of Italian Corso Dog, race so ancient and so deeply linked to the traditions and the history of the South of Italy and properly recover virtually from scratch. There was, in fact, There were many contradictions about which dog truly resembled and contained the very essence of the Cane Corso and it took many debates and many discussions to finally agree on which specimen the foundations of the new breeding lines should be based on..

    They all ended up agreeing on a male named "Dauno" who summarized the very essence of the race and who outlined the path that those who should follow should follow., with a passion beyond doubt wore years looking for precisely this path. It was decided to locate up to three closely related subjects in order to establish the characteristics of the breed., just as the Ballota professors had described it, Bonatti and Casolina.

    After exhaustive research studies and, at the end, not without major sacrifices, the recovery programme was gradually bearing fruit. In 1988, the ENCI Board of Directors decided that the time had come to gather as many copies as possible, produced by people not linked to that society both the scope of the SACC, and carry out a pilot trial in order to check homogeneity of type, of construction and character and its similarity with the characteristics described in the draft standard that the SACC had presented to them. In three exhibitions-Bari, Florence and Milan- the judges Morsiani, Perricone and Vandoni examined fifty copies; then, in the autumn of that same year the SACC presented the ENCI the outcome of the first census carried out by the Lords Bruno and Indiveri which is didn't data out of a total of 57 perfectly typical and rustic specimens already registered.

    Did you know??

    The Cane Corso is also known as Dogo di Puglia, which means "dog of Puglia".

    As a result of all this effort, the ENCI promulgated the opening of an "Open Book" in which all adult specimens that had been duly tattooed could be registered., and therefore recognized as conforming with the standard project and in just four years became part of the same over 500 dogs, so it was clear that the recovery program had been successful.

    Such results finally gave rise to the official recognition of the race in January of 1994.

    Modernity and the decline of the work for which it was intended, have not prevented this race from maintaining its characteristic gifts. He continues to be a dog with a tenacious temperament but does not bite for anything. It is one of the best races of property protection. If you are very fond with the owner can be very sensitive to your mood.

    Physical characteristics

    Its skin is thick enough, with tissue limited connective and therefore virtually glued to the subcutaneous tissues of each region. The neck does not present practically double chin. The head does not have to submit wrinkles. The pigment of the mucous and the esclerosas has to be black. The pigment of the soles and nails must be dark.
    The coat is short but not satin, glassy in texture, gleaming, bright, adherent, serious, very dense, with a light layer of undercoat that is accentuated in winter, without that never reaches to emerge on the hair of coverage. His medium-length is 2/2′ 5 cm.. On the cross, the rump, and the subsequent edges of the thigh and on tail reaches the 3 cm., without ever giving rise to fringes. On the nose hair is private, smooth, adherent and not more than 1/1′ 5 cm..

    It may be black, grey lead, Slate gray, light grey, Griffon clear, Red cervato, Dark tawny and striped (stripes against a background of Griffon or grey colour of various shades). In fawn and brindle subjects, a black or gray mask is present whose extension should not exceed the line of the eyes. Admitted a small white patch on the chest, at the tip of toes and on the nasal helm.

    The height the cross in the males is of 64 to 68 cm., in the females of 60 to 64 cm.. With tolerance of 2 cm more or less. The weight in the males is of 45 to 50 kg (ratio weight /talla 0,71 kg per cm). And in the females of 40 to 45 kg (ratio weight /talla 0,68 kg/cm).

    Salud de Cane Corso

    Some of the health conditions that have been in the Cane Corso are the Hip Dysplasia, eye problems such as Entropion or ectropion, demodectic mange and the tendency to bloat.

    Remember that after bringing a new puppy home, has the power to protect you from one of the most common health problems: the obesity. Cane Corso maintain an adequate weight is one of the easiest ways to prolong life. Make the most of your preventive skills to help ensure a healthier dog for life.

    Character and skills

    His character affable and faithful with their own. His psychological balance and extreme functional versatility that allows you to adapt to everything, He is doing to gain more followers and indeed again used you in grazing and foster as old tasks, and also in the hunt, although little by little it is gaining a preferential position as a companion animal and in what has been called therapy with domestic animals (ยซpet therapyยป).

    But, for its size and extraordinary force Cane Corso owner should be able to educate from the first moment to always have it under control, in such a way that never conflicts surprises or, It must learn from puppy what is right and what not, What is prohibited and what is allowed, so that later there will be no setbacks, recommending further vocational training of certain circumstances, provided that the dog has acquired a certain degree of maturity, Therefore we must not forget that, in the case of molossians, their psychological development is always slower than the physical.

    Aware of its size and appearance, corso usually does not express nervousness and willingly accepts to any person that his own master will accept either. When he is assigned the custody of a property his balanced temperament allows her always from a background, with great discretion, and only in the case of real necessity, act and attack. Thus we can conclude that the Cane Corso is an impressive animal, balanced and effective in any task requiring him. There is a legend made reality.

    Cane Corso's Education

    With patience and sensitivity
    The Cane Corso is not a beginner dog and only belongs to responsible hands. Learn quickly and with pleasure if you treat it with patience and sensitivity during training. If it is to be kept as a family dog, Cane Corso's protective instincts should not be encouraged during training. Early and comprehensive socialization is especially important, so that the dog gets used to other people and animals and reacts calmly in all situations.

    Care of Cane Corso

    Cane Corso's coat is shiny, smooth and short, and does not require extensive cleaning. Cane Corso has a thin undercoat that can protect it from the cold at times. A massage sponge or soft brush should be used regularly to stimulate blood circulation. – this ensures a healthy and shiny coat.

    Nutriciรณn Cane Corso

    Only with high meat content
    With prepared food, pay attention to a high meat content, low grain content and high quality. An adult dog needs enough fresh meat and vegetables for a healthy diet.. Young dogs, on the other hand, should not be fed too much protein. Foods that are too high in protein can promote growth too quickly and encourage skeletal diseases. Food should be divided into two meals a day. One of them must be given directly after the daily walk. In this way the dog gets his reward after the "work done".

    The life expectancy of the Cane Corso

    Cane Corso can reach a relatively high age, what is really unusual for such large dogs. A healthy and active dog will easily reach the age of 10 to 14 years, as long as you exercise a lot and have a balanced diet. This robustness and long life expectancy compared to other larger dog breeds are due to the strong bone structure and robust construction.

    Buy Cane Corso

    Serious breeders offer not only a pedigree with a complete record of the dog's ancestors, but also a complete advice that goes beyond the purchase. Before buying or reserving a puppy, exhaustive information must be obtained from the local authority to know what conservation regulations exist.

    Images Cane Corso

    Vรญdeos Cane Corso

    Type and recognitions:

    • FCI CLASSIFICATION:
    • Group :
    • Section : . .

    Federations:

    FCI โ“˜, AKC โ“˜, ANKC โ“˜, CKC โ“˜, UKC โ“˜

    FCI breed standard "Cane Corso"

    Origin:
    Italy

    Date of publication of the valid original standard:
    13.11.2015

    Use:

    Utility dog, multipurpose



    General appearance:

    Medium to large size. Robust and strong dog, However, with some elegance. Lean and powerful muscles.



    IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS: The dog is rectangular in outline and slightly longer than it is tall. (The length of the dog is 11% greater than your height). The length of the head reaches the 36% from his height to the cross.



    Behavior / temperament:

    Guardian of property, family and cattle; extremely agile and responsive. In the past, It has been used to herd cattle and for hunting larger game..

    Head:

    Wide, typically molossoid. The superior longitudinal axes of the skull and the nasal cannula are slightly convergent with each other..

    Cranial region:
    • Skull: Width; in the zygomatic arch, its width is equal to or greater than its length. Slightly convex in the front, the skull becomes significantly more plane behind the front to the back of the head. The medio-frontal furrow is visible.
    • Depression links (Stop) :  Marked.

    facial region:

    • Truffle: Black and bulky, with large and open Windows. It is placed in the same line as the nasal cannula.
    • Snout: Significantly shorter than the skull (relationship skull : I muzzle approximately 1:2). Strong, square, as long as width; the front of the snout is flat; the lateral sides of the muzzle are parallel. Profile view, the nasal helm is straight.
    • Lips: The upper lips are moderately pendulous and cover the jaw., in such a way that the lower profile of the muzzle is formed by the lips.
    • Jaws / Teeth: Very wide jaws, thick and curved. Light lower prognathism; the clip joint is tolerated, but not desirable.
    • Eyes: Medium-sized, egg shape, slightly protruding; the gaze is directed forward. The eyelids are well glued. The iris color is as dark as possible depending on the coat color. Expression : lively and vigilant.
    • Ears: Triangular, pendants; its inclusion, located well above the zygomatic arch, is wide; to often amputated short in the form of an equilateral triangle.

    Neck:

    Strong, muscular, as long as the head.

    Body:

    The body is slightly longer than the height at the withers. Of strong Constitution, but not Dumpy.

    • Cross: Pronounced, exceeds the level of the rump.
    • Back: Rectilinear, very muscular and stiff.
    • Pork loin: Short and solid.
    • Rump: Long and wide, slightly tilted.
    • Breast : Chest well developed in three dimensions, descends to the elbow.

    Tail:

    Rather high insertion, very thick at the root. It amputated at the fourth vertebra. In action, rises, but never erect or curled up Rather high set, very thick at the root. It amputated at the fourth vertebra. In action, rises, but never an upright or threaded.

    Tips

    PREVIOUS MEMBERS:

    • Shoulder : Long, oblique, very muscular.
    • Arm: Powerful.
    • Forearm: Straight, very strong.
    • Carpus and Metacarpus:  Elastic.
    • Front feet: Cat feet.

    LATER MEMBERS:

    • Thigh: Long, width, convex removed.
    • Leg: Strong, not fleshy.
    • Hock: Moderately angled.
    • Rear feet: A little less compact than the previous.

    Movement:

    Long step, lengthened trot; the trot is the preferred motion.

    Mantle

    • SKIN : Slightly thick, more firmly attached to the subcutaneous tissues.
    • HAIR: Short, bright, very dense, with thin inner layer of hairs.
    • COLOR: Negro, Gris-Plomo, Gris-pizarra, light grey, Griffon clear; Red cervato, Dark Fawn; striped (stripes on a background of gray or tawny color several shades). Black and brindle dogs have a black or gray mask on the muzzle that should not extend beyond the eye line.. A small white spot on the chest,  in the tips of the toes and on the nasal helm is admitted.


    Size and weight:

    Height to the cross:

    • Males of 64 to 68 cm..
    • females of 60 to 64 cm..

    Tolerance of more or less 2 cm..

    Weight:

    • Males of 45 to 50 kg
    • Females from 40 to 45 kg.


    Fouls:

    Any deviation from the aforementioned criteria is considered as a fault and the severity of this is considered to the degree of the deviation to the standard and its consequences on the health and well-being of the dog..

    SERIOUS FAULTS :

    • Parallelism or the upper axes of the skull and the muzzle very marked convergence. Sides of the muzzle converging.
    • Partial depigmentation of the nose.
    • Scissor bite; marked lower prognathism.
    • Threaded queue; led tail straight.
    • Permanent amble on the trot.
    • Weight that exceeds or does not reach the size indicated in the standard.

    MISS PLAYOFFS

    • Cowardice, aggression toward owner.
    • Divergence of the upper axes of the skull and the muzzle.
    • Complete depigmentation of the nose.
    • Very convex or concave nose cane.
    • Upper prognathism.
    • Complete or partial depigmentation of the eyelids. Eyes gazeos; strabismus.
    • Absence of tail; short tail (cut or not).
    • Semi-long hair, very short or forming fringes.
    • All colours not indicated in the standard, long white spots.

    Any dog โ€‹โ€‹showing clear signs of physical or behavioral abnormalities should be disqualified..



    N.B.:

    Males should have two normal-appearing testicles fully descended into the scrotum..



    TRANSLATION : ENCI, Dr. I.. Small and the Sr. Ermanno way.

    Source: F.C.I - International Cynological Federation

    Alternative names:

    1. Italian Mastiff, Italian Corso Dog, Cane Corso Italiano (English).
    2. Cane Corso Italiano, Chien de Cour Italien (French).
    3. Cane Corso, ITALIENISCHER CORSO-HUND (German).
    4. Mastim Italiano (Portuguese).
    5. Mastรญn italiano (espaรฑol).